ZyXEL Communications I88P660HNT1 802.11nWireless ADSL2+ 4-port Gateway User Manual
Add to my manuals
150 Pages
advertisement
P-660HN-Tx
802.11n Wireless ADSL2+ 4-port Gateway
Default Login Details
IP Address
Password http://192.168.1.1
1234
Firmware Version 1.02
Edition 1, 1/2011 www.zyxel.com
www.zyxel.com
Copyright © 2011
ZyXEL Communications Corporation
About This User's Guide
About This User's Guide
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for people who want to configure the ZyXEL Device using the web configurator. You should have at least a basic knowledge of TCP/IP networking concepts and topology.
Related Documentation
• Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide is designed to help you get up and running right away. It contains information on setting up your network and configuring for Internet access.
• Support Disc
Refer to the included CD for support documents.
• ZyXEL Web Site
Please refer to www.zyxel.com for additional support documentation and product certifications.
Documentation Feedback
Send your comments, questions or suggestions to: [email protected]
Thank you!
The Technical Writing Team, ZyXEL Communications Corp.,
6 Innovation Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, 30099, Taiwan.
Need More Help?
More help is available at www.zyxel.com.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
3
4
About This User's Guide
• Download Library
Search for the latest product updates and documentation from this link. Read the Tech Doc Overview to find out how to efficiently use the User Guide, Quick
Start Guide and Command Line Interface Reference Guide in order to better understand how to use your product.
• Knowledge Base
If you have a specific question about your product, the answer may be here.
This is a collection of answers to previously asked questions about ZyXEL products.
• Forum
This contains discussions on ZyXEL products. Learn from others who use ZyXEL products and share your experiences as well.
Customer Support
In the event of problems that cannot be solved by using this manual, you should contact your vendor. If you cannot contact your vendor, then contact a ZyXEL office for the region in which you bought the device. See http://www.zyxel.com/ web/contact_us.php for contact information. Please have the following information ready when you contact an office.
• Product model and serial number.
• Warranty Information.
• Date that you received your device.
• Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it.
Disclaimer
Graphics in this book may differ slightly from the product due to differences in operating systems, operating system versions, or if you installed updated firmware/software for your device. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Document Conventions
Document Conventions
Warnings and Notes
These are how warnings and notes are shown in this User’s Guide.
Warnings tell you about things that could harm you or your device.
Note: Notes tell you other important information (for example, other things you may need to configure or helpful tips) or recommendations.
Syntax Conventions
• The P-660HN-Tx may be referred to as the “ZyXEL Device”, the “device”, the
“system” or the “product” in this User’s Guide.
• Product labels, screen names, field labels and field choices are all in bold font.
• A key stroke is denoted by square brackets and uppercase text, for example,
[ENTER] means the “enter” or “return” key on your keyboard.
• “Enter” means for you to type one or more characters and then press the
[ENTER] key. “Select” or “choose” means for you to use one of the predefined choices.
• A right angle bracket ( > ) within a screen name denotes a mouse click. For example, Maintenance > Log > Log Setting means you first click
Maintenance in the navigation panel, then the Log sub menu and finally the
Log Setting tab to get to that screen.
• Units of measurement may denote the “metric” value or the “scientific” value.
For example, “k” for kilo may denote “1000” or “1024”, “M” for mega may denote “1000000” or “1048576” and so on.
• “e.g.,” is a shorthand for “for instance”, and “i.e.,” means “that is” or “in other words”.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
5
Document Conventions
Icons Used in Figures
Figures in this User’s Guide may use the following generic icons. The ZyXEL Device icon is not an exact representation of your device.
ZyXEL Device Computer Notebook computer
Telephone Server Firewall
Router Switch
6
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Safety Warnings
Safety Warnings
• Do NOT use this product near water, for example, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool.
• Do NOT expose your device to dampness, dust or corrosive liquids.
• Do NOT store things on the device.
• Do NOT install, use, or service this device during a thunderstorm. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Connect ONLY suitable accessories to the device.
• Do NOT open the device or unit. Opening or removing covers can expose you to dangerous high voltage points or other risks. ONLY qualified service personnel should service or disassemble this device. Please contact your vendor for further information.
• Make sure to connect the cables to the correct ports.
• Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will step on them or stumble over them.
• Always disconnect all cables from this device before servicing or disassembling.
• Use ONLY an appropriate power adaptor or cord for your device.
• Connect the power adaptor or cord to the right supply voltage (for example, 110V AC in
North America or 230V AC in Europe).
• Do NOT allow anything to rest on the power adaptor or cord and do NOT place the product where anyone can walk on the power adaptor or cord.
• Do NOT use the device if the power adaptor or cord is damaged as it might cause electrocution.
• If the power adaptor or cord is damaged, remove it from the device and the power source.
• Do NOT attempt to repair the power adaptor or cord. Contact your local vendor to order a new one.
• Do not use the device outside, and make sure all the connections are indoors. There is a remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
• Do NOT obstruct the device ventilation slots, as insufficient airflow may harm your device.
• Use only No. 26 AWG (American Wire Gauge) or larger telecommunication line cord.
• Antenna Warning! This device meets ETSI and FCC certification requirements when using the included antenna(s). Only use the included antenna(s).
Your product is marked with this symbol, which is known as the WEEE mark. WEEE stands for Waste Electronics and Electrical Equipment. It means that used electrical and electronic products should not be mixed with general waste. Used electrical and electronic equipment should be treated separately.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
7
Safety Warnings
8
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Contents Overview
Contents Overview
Certificate ................................................................................................................................ 155
Static Route ............................................................................................................................. 159
Quality of Service (QoS) .......................................................................................................... 165
Dynamic DNS Setup ................................................................................................................ 175
Remote Management .............................................................................................................. 177
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP) ............................................................................................. 185
CWMP ..................................................................................................................................... 197
System Settings ....................................................................................................................... 201
Logs ......................................................................................................................................... 205
Tools ........................................................................................................................................ 209
Diagnostic ................................................................................................................................ 217
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................... 221
Product Specifications ............................................................................................................. 227
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
9
Contents Overview
10
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
11
Table of Contents
Part II: Technical Reference .................................................................. 55
12
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Table of Contents
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
13
Table of Contents
11.4 IPv6 Filter ......................................................................................................................... 151
Chapter 12
Certificate .............................................................................................................................. 155
12.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 155
14
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Table of Contents
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter .......................................................................... 155
12.2 What You Need to Know .................................................................................................. 155
12.3 The Trusted CA Screen ................................................................................................... 156
12.3.1 View Trusted CA Certificate ................................................................................... 157
12.3.2 Import Trusted CA Certificate ................................................................................. 158
Chapter 13
Static Route ........................................................................................................................... 159
13.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................... 159
13.1.1 What You Can Do in the Static Route Screens ...................................................... 160
13.2 The Static Route Screen .................................................................................................. 160
13.2.1 Static Route Edit ................................................................................................... 161
13.2.2 IPv6 Static Route .................................................................................................... 162
13.2.3 IPv6 Static Route Edit .......................................................................................... 163
Chapter 14
Quality of Service (QoS)....................................................................................................... 165
14.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 165
14.1.1 What You Can Do in the QoS Screens .................................................................. 166
14.1.2 What You Need to Know About QoS ..................................................................... 166
14.2 The General Screen ........................................................................................................ 167
14.2.1 The QoS Summary List Screen ............................................................................. 168
14.3 The Queue Setup Screen ................................................................................................ 168
14.4 The Class Setup Screen ................................................................................................. 170
14.5 QoS Technical Reference ................................................................................................ 172
14.5.1 IEEE 802.1p ........................................................................................................... 173
14.5.2 IP Precedence ........................................................................................................ 173
14.5.3 Automatic Priority Queue Assignment ................................................................... 173
Chapter 15
Dynamic DNS Setup ............................................................................................................. 175
15.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 175
15.1.1 What You Can Do in the DDNS Screen ................................................................. 175
15.1.2 What You Need To Know About DDNS .................................................................. 175
15.2 The Dynamic DNS Screen .............................................................................................. 176
Chapter 16
Remote Management............................................................................................................ 177
16.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 177
16.1.1 What You Can Do in the Remote Management Screens ....................................... 178
16.1.2 What You Need to Know About Remote Management .......................................... 178
16.2 The WWW Screen ........................................................................................................... 179
16.2.1 Configuring the WWW Screen ............................................................................... 179
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
15
Table of Contents
16.3 The Telnet Screen ........................................................................................................... 180
16.4 The FTP Screen .............................................................................................................. 180
16.5 The SNMP Screen ........................................................................................................... 181
16.5.1 Configuring SNMP ................................................................................................. 183
16.6 The ICMP Screen ............................................................................................................ 184
Chapter 17
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP).......................................................................................... 185
17.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 185
17.1.1 What You Can Do in the UPnP Screen .................................................................. 185
17.1.2 What You Need to Know About UPnP ................................................................... 185
17.2 The UPnP Screen ............................................................................................................ 187
17.3 Installing UPnP in Windows Example .............................................................................. 188
17.4 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example ............................................................................. 191
Chapter 18
CWMP..................................................................................................................................... 197
18.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 197
18.2 The CWMP Setup Screen ............................................................................................... 198
Chapter 19
System Settings .................................................................................................................... 201
19.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 201
19.1.1 What You Can Do in the System Settings Screens ................................................ 201
19.2 The General Screen ........................................................................................................ 201
19.3 The Time Setting Screen ................................................................................................ 202
Chapter 20
Logs ....................................................................................................................................... 205
20.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 205
20.1.1 What You Need To Know About Logs .................................................................... 205
20.2 The View Log Screen ...................................................................................................... 205
20.3 The Log Settings Screen ................................................................................................. 206
Chapter 21
Tools....................................................................................................................................... 209
21.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 209
21.1.1 What You Can Do in the Tool Screens ................................................................... 209
21.2 The Firmware Screen ...................................................................................................... 209
21.3 The Configuration Screen ................................................................................................ 212
21.4 The Restart Screen ......................................................................................................... 215
Chapter 22
Diagnostic.............................................................................................................................. 217
16
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Table of Contents
22.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 217
22.1.1 What You Can Do in the Diagnostic Screens ......................................................... 217
22.2 The General Screen ........................................................................................................ 217
22.3 The DSL Line Screen ...................................................................................................... 218
Chapter 23
Troubleshooting.................................................................................................................... 221
23.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ...................................................................... 221
23.2 ZyXEL Device Access and Login .................................................................................... 222
23.3 Internet Access ................................................................................................................ 224
Chapter 24
Product Specifications ......................................................................................................... 227
24.1 Hardware Specifications .................................................................................................. 227
24.2 Firmware Specifications ................................................................................................... 227
24.3 Wireless Features ............................................................................................................ 231
24.4 Power Adaptor Specifications .......................................................................................... 234
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address............................................................ 235
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting ........................................................................... 259
Appendix C Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions ...................................... 269
Appendix D Wireless LANs .................................................................................................. 279
Appendix E IPv6 ................................................................................................................... 295
Appendix F Services ............................................................................................................ 305
Appendix G Legal Information.............................................................................................. 309
Index....................................................................................................................................... 313
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
17
Table of Contents
18
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
P
ART
I
User’s Guide
19
20
C H A P T E R 1
Introduction
1.1 Overview
The P-660HN-Tx (x stands for 1 or 3) is an ADSL2+ router with 2x2 wireless. By integrating DSL and NAT, you are provided with ease of installation and highspeed, shared Internet access. With 802.11n 2x2, the P-660HN-Tx can transfer at data rates up to 300Mbps. The P-660HN-Tx is also a complete security solution with a robust firewall and content filtering.
Please refer to the following description of the product name format.
• “H” denotes an integrated 4-port hub (switch).
• “N” denotes 802.11n draft 2.0. The “N” models support 802.11n wireless connection mode.
• Models ending in “1”, for example P-660HN-Tx, denote a device that works over the analog telephone system, POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service). Models ending in “3” denote a device that works over ISDN (Integrated Services Digital
Network) or T-ISDN (UR-2).
Only use firmware for your ZyXEL Device’s specific model. Refer to the label on the bottom of your ZyXEL Device.
Note: All screens displayed in this user’s guide are from the
P-660HN-Tx
model.
See the product specifications for a full list of features.
1.2 Ways to Manage the ZyXEL Device
Use any of the following methods to manage the ZyXEL Device.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
21
Chapter 1 Introduction
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the ZyXEL
Device using a (supported) web browser.
• Command Line Interface. Line commands are mostly used for troubleshooting by service engineers.
• FTP for firmware upgrades and configuration backup/restore.
• TR-069. This is an auto-configuration server used to remotely configure your device.
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the ZyXEL Device
Do the following things regularly to make the ZyXEL Device more secure and to manage the ZyXEL Device more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it).
Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the
ZyXEL Device to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the ZyXEL Device.
You could simply restore your last configuration.
1.4 Applications for the ZyXEL Device
Here are some example uses for which the ZyXEL Device is well suited.
22
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.4.1 Internet Access
Your ZyXEL Device provides shared Internet access by connecting the DSL port to the DSL or MODEM jack on a splitter or your telephone jack. Computers can connect to the ZyXEL Device’s LAN ports (or wirelessly).
Figure 1
ZyXEL Device’s Router Features
LAN
DSL
You can also configure firewall and filtering feature on the ZyXEL Device for secure
Internet access. When the firewall is on, all incoming traffic from the Internet to your network is blocked unless it is initiated from your network. This means that probes from the outside to your network are not allowed, but you can safely browse the Internet and download files.
Use the filtering feaure to block access to specific web sites or Internet applications such as MSN or Yahoo Messanger. You can also configure IP/MAC filtering rules for incoming or outgoing traffic.
Use QoS to efficiently manage traffic on your network by giving priority to certain types of traffic and/or to particular computers. For example, you could make sure that the ZyXEL Device gives voice over Internet calls high priority, and/or limit bandwidth devoted to the boss’s excessive file downloading.
1.5 Wireless Access
The ZyXEL Device is a wireless Access Point (AP) for wireless clients, such as notebook computers or PDAs and iPads. It allows them to connect to the Internet without having to rely on inconvenient Ethernet cables.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
23
Chapter 1 Introduction
You can configure your wireless network in either the built-in Web Configurator, or using the WPS button.
Figure 2
Wireless Access Example
However, before you can use this ZyXEL Device to create a wireless network, you must set its country code first in the Web Configurator. This is very important.
To set the wireless country code:
1 Log into the ZyXEL Device’s built-in Web Configurator. See
2 Open the Network > Wireless LAN > AP screen.
3 Select your country from the Channel Selection list. See
4 Click Apply to save your changes.
5 Finally, open the Internet and Wireless Configuration wizards to set up your network. See
1.5.1 Using the WPS/WLAN Button
By default, the wireless network on the ZyXEL Device is turned on. To turn it off, simply press the WPS/WLAN button on top of the device for over 5 seconds.
When the WPS/WLAN LED is green, the wireless network is active.
You can also use the WPS/WLAN button to quickly set up a secure wireless connection between the ZyXEL Device and a WPS-compatible client by adding one device at a time.
To activate WPS:
1 Make sure the POWER LED is on and not blinking.
24
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Introduction
2 Press the WPS/WLAN button for one to five seconds and release it.
3 Press the WPS button on another WPS-enabled device within range of the ZyXEL
Device. The WPS/WLAN LED should flash while the ZyXEL Device sets up a WPS connection with the other wireless device.
4 Once the connection is successfully made, the WPS/WLAN LED shines green.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
25
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.6 LEDs (Lights)
The following graphic displays the labels of the LEDs.
Figure 3
LEDs
26
None of the LEDs are on if the ZyXEL Device is not receiving power.
Table 1
LED Descriptions
LED
POWER
LAN 1-4
WPS/
WLAN
DSL
COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Green
Red
On The ZyXEL Device is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking The ZyXEL Device is self-testing.
On The ZyXEL Device detected an error while self-testing, or there is a device malfunction.
Green
Off
On
The ZyXEL Device is power off.
The ZyXEL Device has an Ethernet connection with a device on the Local Area Network (LAN).
Blinking The ZyXEL Device is transmitting data to or receiving data from the LAN.
Off
On
The ZyXEL Device does not have an Ethernet connection with the LAN.
The wireless network is activated.
Green
Blinking The ZyXEL Device is communicating with other wireless clients.
Orange Blinking The ZyXEL Device is setting up a WPS connection.
Off The wireless network is not activated.
Green On The DSL line is up.
Blinking The ZyXEL Device is initializing the DSL line.
Off The DSL line is down.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Introduction
Table 1
LED Descriptions
LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
INTERNET Green On The ZyXEL Device has an IP connection but no traffic.
Red
Your device has a WAN IP address (either static or assigned by a server), PPP negotiation was successfully completed (if used) and the DSL connection is up.
Blinking The ZyXEL Device is sending or receiving IP traffic.
On The ZyXEL Device attempted to make an IP connection but failed. Possible causes are no response from a
DHCP server, no PPPoE response, PPPoE authentication failed, no IP address from IPCP.
Off The ZyXEL Device does not have an IP connection.
Refer to the Quick Start Guide for information on hardware connections.
1.7 The RESET Button
If you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need to use the RESET button at the back of the device to reload the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously and the user name and password will be reset to the default.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
27
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.7.1 Using the Reset Button
1 Make sure the POWER LED is on (not blinking).
2 To set the device back to the factory default settings, press the RESET button for ten seconds or until the POWER LED begins to blink and then release it. When the
POWER LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the device restarts.
28
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
C H A P T E R 2
The Web Configurator
2.1 Overview
The web configurator is an HTML-based management interface that allows easy device setup and management via Internet browser. Use Internet Explorer 6.0 and later or Netscape Navigator 7.0 and later versions. The recommended screen resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels.
In order to use the web configurator you need to allow:
• Web browser pop-up windows from your device. Web pop-up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP (Service Pack) 2.
• JavaScripts (enabled by default).
• Java permissions (enabled by default).
See Appendix C on page 269 if you need to make sure these functions are allowed in Internet Explorer.
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator
1 Make sure your ZyXEL Device hardware is properly connected (refer to the Quick
Start Guide).
2 Launch your web browser.
3 Type "192.168.1.1" as the URL.
29
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
4 A password screen displays. To access the administrative web configurator and manage the ZyXEL Device, type the user name (admin by default) and admin password (1234 by default) in the password screen and click Login . Click Cancel to revert to the default user password in the password field. If you have changed the password, enter your password and click Login .
Figure 4
Password Screen
5 The following screen displays if you have not yet changed your password. It is strongly recommended you change the default password. Enter a new password, retype it to confirm and click Apply ; alternatively click Ignore to proceed to the main menu if you do not want to change the password now.
Figure 5
Change Password Screen
30
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
6 Select Go to Wizard setup and click Apply to display the wizard main screen.
Otherwise, select Go to Advanced setup and click Apply to display the Status screen.
Figure 6
Replace Factory Default Certificate Screen
Note: For security reasons, the ZyXEL Device automatically logs you out if you do not use the web configurator for five minutes (default). If this happens, log in again.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
31
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
2.2 The Main Screen
Figure 7
Main Screen
A
B C
32
D
As illustrated above, the main screen is divided into these parts:
• A - title bar
• B - navigation panel
• C - main window
• D - status bar
2.2.1 Title Bar
The title bar provides some icons in the upper right corner.
The icons provide the following functions.
Table 2
Web Configurator Icons in the Title Bar
ICON DESCRIPTION
Wizards : Click this icon to go to the configuration wizards. See
for more information.
Logout : Click this icon to log out of the web configurator.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
2.2.2 Navigation Panel
Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure ZyXEL
Device features. The following tables describe each menu item.
Table 3
Navigation Panel Summary
LINK
Status
TAB FUNCTION
This screen shows the ZyXEL Device’s general device and network status information. Use this screen to access the statistics and client list.
Network
WAN
LAN
Internet
Connection
More
Connections
IP
Use this screen to configure ISP parameters, WAN IP address assignment, and other advanced properties.
Use this screen to configure additional WAN connections.
Wireless LAN AP
NAT
DHCP Server
Client List
IP Alias
IPv6
More AP
WPS
WPS Station
General
Port
Forwarding
ALG
Use this screen to configure LAN TCP/IP settings, and other advanced properties.
Use this screen to configure LAN DHCP settings and DNS server.
Use this screen to view current DHCP client information and to assign specific IP addresses to individual MAC addresses (and host names).
Use this screen to partition your LAN interface into subnets.
Use this screen to configure the IPv6 settings on the ZyXEL device’s LAN interface.
Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings and WLAN authentication/security settings.
Use this screen to configure multiple BSSs on the ZyXEL Device.
Use this screen to configure and view your WPS (Wi-Fi Protected
Setup) settings.
Use this screen to set up a WPS wireless network.
Use this screen to enable NAT.
Use this screen to make your local servers visible to the outside world.
Use this screen to enable or disable SIP ALG.
Security
Firewall
Filter
Certificate
Advanced
URL Filter
IP Filter
IPv6 Filter
Use this screen to activate/deactivate the firewall and SPI
(Security Parameter Index).
Use this screen to block access to certain URL web sites.
Use this screen to configure IPfiltering rules for incoming or outgoing traffic.
Use this screen to configure IPv6 filtering rules for incoming or outgoing traffic
Use this screen to view and manage the list of trusted CAs.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
33
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Table 3
Navigation Panel Summary
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Static Route Static Route Use this screen to configure IP static routes to tell your device about networks beyond the directly connected remote nodes.
Use this screen to configure IPv6 static routes.
QoS
IPv6 Static
Route
General
Class Setup
Dynamic DNS
Remote
MGMT
UPnP
CWMP
WWW
Telnet
FTP
SNMP
ICMP
Use this screen to enable QoS and traffic prioritizing.
Use this screen to configure QoS rules and actions.
This screen allows you to use a static hostname alias for a dynamic IP address.
Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use HTTP to manage the ZyXEL
Device.
Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use Telnet to manage the ZyXEL
Device.
Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can use FTP to access the ZyXEL
Device.
Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from which IP address(es) users can access the SNMP agent on the
ZyXEL Device.
Use this screen to set whether or not your device will respond to pings and probes for services that you have not made available.
Use this screen to turn UPnP on or off.
Use this screen to have a management server manage the ZyXEL
Device with TR-069.
Maintenance
System
Logs
Tools
Diagnostic
General Use this screen to configure your device’s password.
Time and Date Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s time and date.
View Log
Log Settings
Use this screen to view the logs for the level that you selected.
Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s log settings.
Firmware
Restart
Use this screen to upload firmware to your device.
Configuration Use this screen to backup and restore your device’s configuration
(settings) or reset the factory default settings.
This screen allows you to reboot the ZyXEL Device without turning the power off.
General
DSL Line
Use this screen to test the connections to other devices.
This screen displays information to help you identify problems with the DSL connection.
2.2.3 Main Window
The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this document.
34
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
Right after you log in, the Status screen is displayed. See
for more information about the Status screen.
2.2.4 Status Bar
Check the status bar when you click Apply or OK to verify that the configuration has been updated.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
35
Chapter 2 The Web Configurator
36
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
C H A P T E R 3
Status Screens
3.1 Overview
Use the Status screens to look at the current status of the device, system resources, and interfaces (LAN and WAN). The Status screen also provides detailed information from DHCP and statistics from bandwidth management, and traffic.
3.2 The Status Screen
Use this screen to view the status of the ZyXEL Device. Click Status to open this screen.
Figure 8
Status Screen
37
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 3 Status Screens
Each field is described in the following table.
Table 4
Status Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval Select how often you want the ZyXEL Device to update this screen.
Apply Click this to update this screen immediately.
Device Information
User Name This field displays the ZyXEL Device system name. It is used for identification.
This is the model name of your device.
Model
Number
MAC
Address
This is the MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address unique to your ZyXEL Device.
Firmware
Version
This is the current version of the firmware inside the device. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.
This is the current version of the device’s DSL modem code.
DSL
Firmware
Version
WAN Information
DSL Mode This is the DSL standard that your ZyXEL Device is using.
IP Address This is the current IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the WAN. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.
This is the current subnet mask in the WAN.
IP Subnet
Mask
Default
Gateway
IPv6
Address
IPv6 Prefix
Length
This is the IP address of the default gateway, if applicable.
This is the current IPv6 address of the ZyXEL Device in the WAN. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.
This is the current IPv6 prefix length in the WAN.
IPv6 Default
Gateway
VPI/VCI
This is the IPv6 address of the default gateway, if applicable.
This is the Virtual Path Identifier and Virtual Channel Identifier that you entered in the wizard or WAN screen.
LAN Information
IP Address This is the current IP address of the ZyXEL Device in the LAN. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.
This is the current subnet mask in the LAN.
IP Subnet
Mask
IPv6
Address
IPv6 Prefix
Length
This is the current IPv6 address of the ZyXEL Device in the LAN. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.
This is the current IPv6 prefix length in the LAN.
38
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 3 Status Screens
Table 4
Status Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
DHCP This field displays what DHCP services the ZyXEL Device is providing to the LAN. Choices are:
Server - The ZyXEL Device is a DHCP server in the LAN. It assigns IP addresses to other computers in the LAN.
Relay - The ZyXEL Device acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays
DHCP requests and responses between the remote server and the clients.
None - The ZyXEL Device is not providing any DHCP services to the
LAN.
WLAN Information
Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.
ESSID This is the descriptive name used to identify the ZyXEL Device in a wireless LAN. Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.
This is the channel number used by the ZyXEL Device now.
Channel
Security
Mode
This displays the type of security mode the ZyXEL Device is using in the wireless LAN.
WPS This displays whether WPS is configured. Click this to go to the screen where you can configure the settings.
This displays whether WLAN is activated.
Status
Security
Firewall This displays whether or not the ZyXEL Device’s firewall is activated.
Click this to go to the screen where you can change it.
System Status
System
Uptime
Current
Time
System
Mode
CPU Usage
Memory
Usage
This field displays how long the ZyXEL Device has been running since it last started up. The ZyXEL Device starts up when you plug it in, when you restart it ( Maintenance > Tools > Restart ), or when you reset it.
This field displays the current date and time in the ZyXEL Device. You can change this in Maintenance > System > Time Setting .
This displays whether the ZyXEL Device is functioning as a router or a bridge.
This field displays what percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s processing ability is currently used. When this percentage is close to 100%, the
ZyXEL Device is running at full load, and the throughput is not going to improve anymore. If you want some applications to have more throughput, you should turn off other applications (for example, using
QoS; see Chapter 14 on page 165 ).
This field displays what percentage of the ZyXEL Device’s memory is currently used. Usually, this percentage should not increase much. If memory usage does get close to 100%, the ZyXEL Device is probably becoming unstable, and you should restart the device. See Section 21.4 on page 215 , or turn off the device (unplug the power) for a few seconds.
Interface Status
Interface This column displays each interface the ZyXEL Device has.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
39
Chapter 3 Status Screens
Table 4
Status Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Status This field indicates whether or not the ZyXEL Device is using the interface.
For the DSL interface, this field displays Down (line is down), Up (line is up or connected) and Drop (dropping a call) if you're using PPPoE encapsulation.
Rate
For the LAN interface, this field displays Up when the ZyXEL Device is using the interface and NoLink when the ZyXEL Device is not using the interface.
For the WLAN interface, it displays Active when WLAN is enabled or
InActive when WLAN is disabled.
For the LAN interface, this displays the port speed and duplex setting.
For the DSL interface, it displays the downstream and upstream transmission rate.
For the WLAN interface, it displays the maximum transmission rate when WLAN is enabled or N/A when WLAN is disabled.
40
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
C H A P T E R 4
Tutorials
4.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to use the ZyXEL Device’s various features.
•
Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network , see page 41
•
Configuring the MAC Address Filter , see page 48
•
Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network , see page 50
• Now B should be able to receive traffic from A. You may need to additionally configure B’s firewall settings to allow specific traffic to pass through.
, see page
52
•
Multiple WAN Connections Example , see page 53
4.2 Setting Up a Secure Wireless Network
Thomas wants to set up a wireless network so that he can use his notebook to access the Internet. In this wireless network, the ZyXEL Device serves as an access point (AP), and the notebook is the wireless client. The wireless client can access the Internet through the AP.
Thomas has to configure the wireless network settings on the ZyXEL Device. Then
he can set up a wireless network using WPS ( Section 4.2.2 on page 43
) or manual configuration (
).
41
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Tutorials
4.2.1 Configuring the Wireless Network Settings
This example uses the following parameters to set up a wireless network.
SSID
Security Mode
Pre-Shared Key
802.11 Mode
Example
WPA2-PSK
DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork
802.11b+g+n
1 Click Network > Wireless LAN to open the AP screen. Configure the screen using the provided parameters (see
). Click Apply .
42
2 Click the Advanced Setup button and select 802.11b+g+n in the 802.11 Mode field. Click Apply .
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Tutorials
Thomas can now use the WPS feature to establish a wireless connection between
his notebook and the ZyXEL Device (see Section 4.2.2 on page 43 ). He can also
use the notebook’s wireless client to search for the ZyXEL Device (see Section
4.2.2 Using WPS
This section shows you how to set up a wireless network using WPS. It uses the
ZyXEL Device as the AP and ZyXEL NWD210N as the wireless client which connects to the notebook.
Note: The wireless client must be a WPS-aware device (for example, a WPS USB adapter or PCMCIA card).
There are two WPS methods to set up the wireless client settings:
• Push Button Configuration (PBC) - simply press a button. This is the easier of the two methods.
• PIN Configuration - configure a Personal Identification Number (PIN) on the
ZyXEL Device. A wireless client must also use the same PIN in order to download the wireless network settings from the ZyXEL Device.
Push Button Configuration (PBC)
1 Make sure that your ZyXEL Device is turned on and your notebook is within the cover range of the wireless signal.
2 Make sure that you have installed the wireless client driver and utility in your notebook.
3 In the wireless client utility, go to the WPS setting page. Enable WPS and press the WPS button ( Start or WPS button).
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
43
Chapter 4 Tutorials
4 Push and hold the WPS button located on the ZyXEL Device’s rear panel for more than 1-5 seconds. Alternatively, you may log into ZyXEL Device’s web configurator and click the Push Button in the Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station screen.
Note: Your ZyXEL Device has a WPS button located on its rear panel as well as a
WPS button in its configuration utility. Both buttons have exactly the same function: you can use one or the other.
Note: It doesn’t matter which button is pressed first. You must press the second button within two minutes of pressing the first one.
The ZyXEL Device sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client.
This may take up to two minutes. The wireless client is then able to communicate with the ZyXEL Device securely.
44
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Tutorials
The following figure shows you an example of how to set up a wireless network and its security by pressing a button on both ZyXEL Device and wireless client.
Example WPS Process: PBC Method
Wireless Client ZyXEL Device
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Press and hold for
5 seconds
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
45
Chapter 4 Tutorials
PIN Configuration
When you use the PIN configuration method, you need to use both the ZyXEL
Device’s web configurator and the wireless client’s utility.
1 Launch your wireless client’s configuration utility. Go to the WPS settings and select the PIN method to get a PIN number.
2 Enter the PIN number in the PIN field in the Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
Station screen on the ZyXEL Device.
3 Click the Start buttons (or the button next to the PIN field) on both the wireless client utility screen and the ZyXEL Device’s WPS Station screen within two minutes.
The ZyXEL Device authenticates the wireless client and sends the proper configuration settings to the wireless client. This may take up to two minutes. The wireless client is then able to communicate with the ZyXEL Device securely.
46
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Tutorials
The following figure shows you how to set up a wireless network and its security on a ZyXEL Device and a wireless client by using PIN method.
Example WPS Process: PIN Method
Wireless Client ZyXEL Device
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
Authentication by PIN
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
47
Chapter 4 Tutorials
4.2.3 Without WPS
Use the wireless adapter’s utility installed on the notebook to search for the
“Example” SSID. Then enter the “DoNotStealMyWirelessNetwork” pre-shared key to establish an wireless Internet connection.
Note: The ZyXEL Device supports IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g wireless clients.
Make sure that your notebook or computer’s wireless adapter supports one of these standards.
4.3 Configuring the MAC Address Filter
Thomas noticed that his daughter Josephine spends too much time surfing the web and downloading media files. He decided to prevent Josephine from accessing the Internet so that she can concentrate on preparing for her final exams.
Josephine’s computer connects wirelessly to the Internet through the ZyXEL
Device. Thomas can deny access to the wireless network using the MAC address of
Josephine’s computer.
Thomas
Josephine
48
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Tutorials
1 Click Network > LAN > Client List to open the following screen. Look for the
MAC address of Josephine’s computer.
2 Click Network > Wireless LAN to open the AP screen. Click the Edit button in the MAC Filter field.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
49
Chapter 4 Tutorials
3 Select Enable MAC Filter and Deny Association . Enter the MAC address you found in the Client List screen. Click Apply .
Josephine will no longer be able to access the Internet through the ZyXEL Device.
4.4 Configuring Static Route for Routing to
Another Network
In order to extend your Intranet and control traffic flowing directions, you may connect a router to the ZyXEL Device’s LAN. The router may be used to separate two department networks. This tutorial shows how to configure a static routing rule for two network routings.
In the following figure, router R is connected to the ZyXEL Device’s LAN. R connects to two networks, N1 (192.168.1.x/24) and N2 (192.168.10.x/24). If you want to send traffic from computer A (in N1 network) to computer B (in N2
50
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Tutorials network), the traffic is sent to the ZyXEL Device’s WAN default gateway by default. In this case, B will never receive the traffic.
N1
A
R
N2
B
You need to specify a static routing rule on the ZyXEL Device to specify R as the router in charge of forwarding traffic to N2 . In this case, the ZyXEL Device routes traffic from A to R and then R routes the traffic to B .
N1
A
R
This tutorial uses the following example IP settings:
Table 5
IP Settings in this Tutorial
DEVICE / COMPUTER IP ADDRESS
The ZyXEL Device’s WAN 172.16.1.1
The ZyXEL Device’s LAN
A
R ’s N1
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.34
192.168.1.253
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
B
N2
51
Chapter 4 Tutorials
Table 5
IP Settings in this Tutorial
DEVICE / COMPUTER IP ADDRESS
R ’s N2
B
192.168.10.2
192.168.10.33
To configure a static route to route traffic from N1 to N2 :
1 Log into the ZyXEL Device’s Web Configurator in advanced mode.
2 Click Advanced > Static Route .
3 Click Edit on a new rule in the Static Route screen.
4 Configure the Static Route Setup screen using the following settings:
4a Type 192.168.10.0
and subnet mask 255.255.255.0
for the destination,
N2 .
4b Type 192.168.1.253
( R ’s N1 address) in the Gateway IP Address field.
52
4a Click Apply .
Now B should be able to receive traffic from A . You may need to additionally configure B ’s firewall settings to allow specific traffic to pass through.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Tutorials
4.5 Multiple WAN Connections Example
This example shows an application for multiple WAN connections.
Your ISP may configure more than one WAN connection on the ZyXEL Device to record traffic statistics or calculate service charges.
In Figure 9 , three WAN connections are configured over the ADSL line:
• The connection with VPI/VCI, 0/33 , is dedicated for Media-On-Demand (MOD) service.
• The connection with VPI/VCI, 0/34 , is dedicated for VoIP service.
• The connection with VPI/VCI, 0/35 , is dedicated for general data transmission.
Figure 9
Example for Multiple WAN Connections
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
53
Chapter 4 Tutorials
54
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
P
ART
II
Technical Reference
55
56
C H A P T E R 5
Internet and Wireless Setup
Wizard
5.1 Overview
Use the wizard setup screens to configure your system for Internet access with the information given to you by your ISP.
Note: See the advanced menu chapters for background information on these fields.
5.2 Internet Access Wizard Setup
1 After you enter the password to access the web configurator, click the wizard icon
( ) in the top right corner of the web configurator to go to the wizards.
2 Click INTERNET/WIRELESS SETUP to configure the system for Internet access and wireless connection.
Figure 10
Wizard Welcome
57
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard
3 Your ZyXEL device attempts to detect your DSL connection and your connection type.
3a The following screen appears if a connection is not detected. Check your hardware connections and click Restart the INTERNET/WIRELESS SETUP
Wizard to return to the wizard welcome screen. If you still cannot connect, click Manually configure your Internet connection . Follow the directions in the wizard and enter your Internet setup information as provided to you by your ISP. See
Section 5.2.1 on page 60 for more details.
If you would like to skip your Internet setup and configure the wireless LAN settings, leave Yes selected and click Next .
Figure 11
Auto Detection: No DSL Connection
58
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard
3b The following screen displays if a PPPoE or PPPoA connection is detected.
Enter your Internet account information (username, password and/or service name) exactly as provided by your ISP. Then click Next and see
for wireless connection wizard setup.
Figure 12
Auto-Detection: PPPoE
3c The following screen appears if the ZyXEL device detects a connection but not the connection type. Click Next
and refer to Section 5.2.1 on page 60
on how to manually configure the ZyXEL Device for Internet access.
Figure 13
Auto Detection: Failed
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
59
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard
5.2.1 Manual Configuration
1 If the ZyXEL Device fails to detect your DSL connection type but the physical line is connected, enter your Internet access information in the wizard screen exactly as your service provider gave it to you. Leave the defaults in any fields for which you were not given information.
Figure 14
Internet Access Wizard Setup: ISP Parameters
60
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 6
Internet Access Wizard Setup: ISP Parameters
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Mode Select Routing (default) from the drop-down list box if your ISP give you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share an Internet account. Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select Bridge , you cannot use Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on the ZyXEL Device.
Encapsulation Select the encapsulation type your ISP uses from the Encapsulation drop-down list box. Choices vary depending on what you select in the
Mode field.
If you select Routing in the Mode field, select PPPoA , RFC 1483 , ENET
ENCAP or PPPoE .
If you select Bridge in the Mode field, only RFC 1483 method of encapsulation is available.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard
Table 6
Internet Access Wizard Setup: ISP Parameters
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Multiplexing
Virtual Circuit
ID
VPI
VCI
Back
Next
Exit
Select the multiplexing method used by your ISP from the Multiplex drop-down list box either VC-based or LLC-based.
VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) define a virtual circuit. Refer to the appendix for more information.
Enter the VPI assigned to you. This field may already be configured.
Enter the VCI assigned to you. This field may already be configured.
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to continue to the next wizard screen. The next wizard screen you see depends on what protocol you chose above.
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
2 The next wizard screen varies depending on what mode and encapsulation type you use. All screens shown are with routing mode. Configure the fields and click
Next to continue. See
for wireless connection wizard setup
Figure 15
Internet Connection with PPPoE
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
61
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 7
Internet Connection with PPPoE
LABEL
User Name
DESCRIPTION
Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given.
Enter the password associated with the user name above.
Type the name of your PPPoE service here.
Password
Service
Name
Back
Apply
Exit
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
Figure 16
Internet Connection with RFC 1483
62
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 8
Internet Connection with RFC 1483
LABEL
IP Address
DESCRIPTION
This field is available if you select Routing in the Mode field.
Back
Next
Exit
Type your ISP assigned IP address in this field.
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to continue to the next wizard screen.
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
Figure 17
Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
63
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 9
Internet Connection with ENET ENCAP
LABEL
Obtain an IP
Address
Automatically
DESCRIPTION
A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet.
Select Obtain an IP Address Automatically if you have a dynamic IP address.
Select Static IP Address if your ISP gave you an IP address to use.
Static IP
Address
IP Address Enter your ISP assigned IP address.
Subnet Mask Enter a subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
Gateway IP address
First DNS
Server
Second DNS
Server
Back
Apply
Exit
Refer to the appendix to calculate a subnet mask if you are implementing subnetting.
You must specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP) when you use ENET ENCAP in the Encapsulation field in the previous screen.
Enter the IP addresses of the DNS servers. The DNS servers are passed to the DHCP clients along with the IP address and the subnet mask.
As above.
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
Figure 18
Internet Connection with PPPoA
64
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 10
Internet Connection with PPPoA
LABEL
User Name
Password
Back
Apply
Exit
DESCRIPTION
Enter the login name that your ISP gives you.
Enter the password associated with the user name above.
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
• If the user name and/or password you entered for PPPoE or PPPoA connection are not correct, the screen displays as shown next. Click Back to Username and Password setup to go back to the screen where you can modify them.
Figure 19
Connection Test Failed-1
• If the following screen displays, check if your account is activated or click
Restart the Internet/Wireless Setup Wizard to verify your Internet access settings.
Figure 20
Connection Test Failed-2.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
65
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard
5.3 Wireless Connection Wizard Setup
After you configure the Internet access information, use the following screens to set up your wireless LAN.
1 Select Yes and click Next to configure wireless settings. Otherwise, select No and skip to Step 6 .
Figure 21
Connection Test Successful
2 Use this screen to activate the wireless LAN. Click Next to continue.
Figure 22
Wireless LAN Setup Wizard 1
66
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 11
Wireless LAN Setup Wizard 1
LABEL
Active
Back
DESCRIPTION
Select the check box to turn on the wireless LAN.
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard
Table 11
Wireless LAN Setup Wizard 1
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Next
Exit
Click this to continue to the next wizard screen.
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
3 Configure your wireless settings in this screen. Click Next .
Figure 23
Wireless LAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 12
Wireless LAN Setup Wizard 2
LABEL
Network
Name(SSID)
DESCRIPTION
Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
Channel
Selection
Security
Back
If you change this field on the ZyXEL Device, make sure all wireless stations use the same SSID in order to access the network.
The range of radio frequencies used by IEEE 802.11b/g wireless devices is called a channel. Select a channel ID that is not already in use by a neighboring device.
Select Manually assign a WPA-PSK key to configure a Pre-Shared Key
(WPA-PSK). Choose this option only if your wireless clients support WPA.
See
Section 5.3.1 on page 68 for more information.
Select Manually assign a WEP key
to configure a WEP Key. See Section
for more information.
Select Disable wireless security to have no wireless LAN security configured and your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
67
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard
Table 12
Wireless LAN Setup Wizard 2
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Next
Exit
Click this to continue to the next wizard screen.
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
Note: The wireless stations and ZyXEL Device must use the same SSID, channel ID and WEP encryption key (if WEP is enabled), WPA-PSK (if WPA-PSK is enabled) for wireless communication.
4 This screen varies depending on the security mode you selected in the previous screen. Fill in the field (if available) and click Next .
5.3.1 Manually Assign a WPA-PSK key
Choose Manually assign a WPA-PSK key in the Wireless LAN setup screen to set up a Pre-Shared Key .
Figure 24
Manually Assign a WPA-PSK key
68
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 13
Manually Assign a WPA-PSK key
LABEL
Pre-Shared
Key
Back
Next
Exit
DESCRIPTION
Type from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters. You can set up the most secure wireless connection by configuring WPA in the wireless LAN screens.
You need to configure an authentication server to do this.
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to continue to the next wizard screen.
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard
5.3.2 Manually Assign a WEP Key
Choose Manually assign a WEP key to setup WEP Encryption parameters.
Figure 25
Manually Assign a WEP key
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 14
Manually Assign a WEP key
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Key The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the ZyXEL Device and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
Back
Next
Exit
Enter any 5 or 13 ASCII characters, or 10 or 26 hexadecimal characters
("0-9", "A-F") for a 64-bit or 128-bit WEP key respectively.
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to continue to the next wizard screen.
Click this to close the wizard screen without saving.
5 Click Apply to save your wireless LAN settings.
Figure 26
Wireless LAN Setup 3
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
69
Chapter 5 Internet and Wireless Setup Wizard
6 Use the read-only summary table to check whether what you have configured is correct. Click Finish to complete and save the wizard setup.
Note: No wireless LAN settings display if you chose not to configure wireless LAN settings.
Figure 27
Internet Access and WLAN Wizard Setup Complete
70
7 Launch your web browser and navigate to www.zyxel.com. Internet access is just the beginning. Refer to the rest of this guide for more detailed information on the complete range of ZyXEL Device features. If you cannot access the Internet, open the web configurator again to confirm that the Internet settings you configured in the wizard setup are correct.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
C H A P T E R 6
WAN Setup
6.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to configure WAN settings from the WAN screens. Use these screens to configure your ZyXEL Device for Internet access.
A WAN (Wide Area Network) connection is an outside connection to another network or the Internet. It connects your private networks (such as a LAN (Local
Area Network) and other networks, so that a computer in one location can communicate with computers in other locations.
Figure 28
LAN and WAN
LAN
WAN
6.1.1 What You Can Do in the WAN Screens
• Use the Internet Access Setup screen (
Section 6.2 on page 73 ) to configure
the WAN settings on the ZyXEL Device for Internet access.
• Use the More Connections screen (
Section 6.3 on page 77 ) to set up
additional Internet access connections.
6.1.2 What You Need to Know About WAN
Encapsulation Method
Encapsulation is used to include data from an upper layer protocol into a lower layer protocol. To set up a WAN connection to the Internet, you need to use the same encapsulation method used by your ISP (Internet Service Provider). If your
ISP offers a dial-up Internet connection using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) or PPPoA,
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
71
Chapter 6 WAN Setup they should also provide a username and password (and service name) for user authentication.
WAN IP Address
The WAN IP address is an IP address for the ZyXEL Device, which makes it accessible from an outside network. It is used by the ZyXEL Device to communicate with other devices in other networks. It can be static (fixed) or dynamically assigned by the ISP each time the ZyXEL Device tries to access the
Internet.
If your ISP assigns you a static WAN IP address, they should also assign you the subnet mask and DNS server IP address(es) (and a gateway IP address if you use the Ethernet or ENET ENCAP encapsulation method).
Multicast
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network).
Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just one.
IGMP
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
There are three versions of IGMP. IGMP version 2 and 3 are improvements over version 1, but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use.
IPv6
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The ZyXEL Device supports IPv4/IPv6 dual stack and can connect to
IPv4 and IPv6 networks. See ( Appendix E on page 295 ) for more information about IPv6.
Finding Out More
See
Section 6.4 on page 83 for technical background information on WAN.
6.1.3 Before You Begin
You need to know your Internet access settings such as encapsulation and WAN IP address. Get this information from your ISP.
72
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 6 WAN Setup
6.2 The Internet Access Setup Screen
Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s WAN settings. Click Network >
WAN > Internet Access Setup . The screen differs by the WAN type and encapsulation you select.
Figure 29
Network > WAN >Internet Access Setup (PPPoE)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 15
Network > WAN > Internet Access Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General
Mode Select Routing (default) from the drop-down list box if your ISP gives you one IP address only and you want multiple computers to share an
Internet account. Select Bridge when your ISP provides you more than one IP address and you want the connected computers to get individual IP address from ISP’s DHCP server directly. If you select
Bridge , you cannot use Firewall, DHCP server and NAT on the ZyXEL
Device.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
73
Chapter 6 WAN Setup
Table 15
Network > WAN > Internet Access Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Encapsulation Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the dropdown list box. Choices vary depending on the mode you select in the
Mode field.
If you select Routing in the Mode field, select PPPoA , RFC 1483 ,
ENET ENCAP or PPPoE .
User Name
Password
If you select Bridge in the Mode field, method of encapsulation is not available.
(PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the user name exactly as your ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain where domain identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given.
(PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the password associated with the user name above.
Service Name (PPPoE only) Type the name of your PPPoE service here.
Multiplexing Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the dropdown list. Choices are VC or LLC .
IPv6/IPv4 Dual
Stack
PPP
Authentication
If you select Enable , the ZyXEL Device can connect to IPv4 and IPv6 networks and choose the protocol for applications according to the address type. If you select Disable, the ZyXEL Device will operate in
IPv4 mode.
The ZyXEL Device supports PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) and CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol). CHAP is more secure than PAP; however, PAP is readily available on more platforms.
Use the drop-down list box to select an authentication protocol for outgoing calls. Options are:
AUTO - Your ZyXEL Device accepts either CHAP or PAP when requested by this remote node.
CHAP - Your ZyXEL Device accepts CHAP only.
Virtual Circuit ID VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) define a virtual circuit. Refer to the appendix for more information.
VPI
VCI
PAP - Your ZyXEL Device accepts PAP only.
The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
IP Address This option is available if you select Routing in the Mode field.
A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet.
Select Obtain an IP Address Automatically if you have a dynamic
IP address; otherwise select Static IP Address and type your ISP assigned IP address in the IP Address field below.
Subnet Mask Enter a subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
Gateway Specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP).
74
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 6 WAN Setup
Table 15
Network > WAN > Internet Access Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Address
Obtain an IP
Address
Automatically
Select this option if you want to have the ZyXEL Device use the IPv6 prefix from the connected router’s Router Advertisement (RA) to generate an IPv6 address.
Static IP Address Select this option if you have a fixed IPv6 address assigned by your
ISP.
DHCP IPv6 Select DHCP if you want to obtain an IPv6 address from a DHCPv6 server.
The IP address assigned by a DHCPv6 server has priority over the IP address automatically generated by the ZyXEL Device using the IPv6 prefix from an RA.
DHCP PD
Select SLAAC (Stateless address autoconfiguration) to have the
ZyXEL Device use the prefix to automatically generate a unique IP address that does not need to be maintained by a DHCP server.
Select Enable to use DHCP PD (Prefix Delegation) to allow the Zyxel
Device to pass the IPv6 prefix information to its LAN hosts. The hosts can then use the prefix to generate their IPv6 addresses.
Connection (PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only)
Keep Alive Select Keep Alive when you want your connection up all the time.
The ZyXEL Device will try to bring up the connection automatically if it is disconnected.
Connect on
Demand
Select Connect on Demand when you don't want the connection up all the time and specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Timeout field.
Max Idle Timeout Specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Timeout field when you select Connect on Demand . The default setting is 0, which means the Internet session will not timeout.
Apply
Cancel
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Advanced Setup Click this to display the Advanced WAN Setup screen and edit more details of your WAN setup.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
75
Chapter 6 WAN Setup
6.2.1 Advanced Internet Access Setup
Use this screen to edit your ZyXEL Device's advanced WAN settings. Click the
Advanced Setup button in the Internet Access Setup screen. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 30
Network > WAN > Internet Access Setup: Advanced Setup
76
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 16
Network > WAN > Internet Access Setup: Advanced Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
RIP & Multicast
Setup
RIP Direction
This section is not available when you configure the ZyXEL Device to be in bridge mode.
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers. Use this field to control how much routing information the ZyXEL Device sends and receives on the subnet.
RIP Version
Multicast
Select the RIP direction from None , Both , In Only and Out Only .
This field is not configurable if you select None in the RIP Direction field.
Select the RIP version from RIP-1 , RIP-2B and RIP-2M .
Multicast packets are sent to a group of computers on the LAN and are an alternative to unicast packets (packets sent to one computer) and broadcast packets (packets sent to every computer).
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group. The ZyXEL Device supports IGMP-v1 and IGMP-v2 . Select None to disable it.
ATM QoS
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 6 WAN Setup
Table 16
Network > WAN > Internet Access Setup: Advanced Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
ATM QoS Type
Peak Cell Rate Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.
Sustain Cell
Rate
The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the
PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec.
Maximum
Burst Size
Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic. Select UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate) for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as e-mail. Select rtVBR (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type for applications with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Select nrtVBR (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type for connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation.
Back
Apply
Cancel
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than
65535.
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
6.3 The More Connections Screen
The ZyXEL Device allows you to configure more than one Internet access connection. To configure additional Internet access connections click Network >
WAN > More Connections . The screen differs by the encapsulation you select.
When you use the WAN > Internet Access Setup screen to set up Internet access, you are configuring the first WAN connection.
Figure 31
Network > WAN > More Connections
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
77
Chapter 6 WAN Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17
Network > WAN > More Connections
LABEL
#
Active
DESCRIPTION
This is an index number indicating the number of the corresponding connection.
This field indicates whether the connection is active or not.
Name
VPI/VCI
Clear the check box to disable the connection. Select the check box to enable it.
This is the name you gave to the Internet connection.
This field displays the Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and Virtual Channel
Identifier (VCI) numbers configured for this WAN connection.
Encapsulation This field indicates the encapsulation method of the Internet connection.
Modify The first (ISP) connection is read-only in this screen. Use the
Internet Access Setup screen to edit it.
WAN >
Click the Edit icon to edit the Internet connection settings. Click this icon on an empty configuration to add a new Internet access setup.
Click the Remove icon to delete the Internet access setup from your connection list.
78
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 6 WAN Setup
6.3.1 More Connections Edit
Use this screen to configure a connection. Click the edit icon in the More
Connections screen to display the following screen.
Figure 32
Network > WAN > More Connections: Edit
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 18
Network > WAN > More Connections: Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
General
Active
Name
Mode
Select the check box to activate or clear the check box to deactivate this connection.
Enter a unique, descriptive name of up to 13 ASCII characters for this connection.
Select Routing from the drop-down list box if your ISP allows multiple computers to share an Internet account.
If you select Bridge , the ZyXEL Device will forward any packet that it does not route to this remote node; otherwise, the packets are discarded.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
79
Chapter 6 WAN Setup
Table 18
Network > WAN > More Connections: Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Encapsulation Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list box. Choices vary depending on the mode you select in the Mode field.
Multiplexing
If you select Routing in the Mode field, select PPPoA , RFC
1483 , ENET ENCAP or PPPoE .
If you select Bridge in the Mode field, method of encapsulation is not available.
Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list. Choices are VC or LLC .
By prior agreement, a protocol is assigned a specific virtual circuit, for example, VC1 will carry IP. If you select VC, specify separate VPI and VCI numbers for each protocol.
IPv6/IPv4 Dual Stack If you select Enable , the ZyXEL Device can connect to IPv4 and
IPv6 networks and choose the protocol for applications according to the address type. If you select Disable, the ZyXEL Device will operate in IPv4 mode.
VPI
For LLC-based multiplexing or PPP encapsulation, one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information being contained in each packet header. In this case, only one set of VPI and VCI numbers need be specified for all protocols.
VCI
IP Address
The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.
The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.
This option is available if you select Routing in the Mode field.
A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the Internet.
If you use the encapsulation type except RFC 1483 , select
Obtain an IP Address Automatically when you have a dynamic IP address; otherwise select Static IP Address and type your ISP assigned IP address in the IP Address field below.
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
IPv6 Address
Obtain an IP Address
Automatically
Static IP Address
If you use RFC 1483 , enter the IP address given by your ISP in the IP Address field.
Enter a subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.
Specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP).
Select this option if you want to have the ZyXEL Device use the
IPv6 prefix from the connected router’s Router Advertisement
(RA) to generate an IPv6 address.
Select this option if you have a fixed IPv6 address assigned by your ISP.
80
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 6 WAN Setup
Table 18
Network > WAN > More Connections: Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
DHCP IPv6 Select DHCP if you want to obtain an IPv6 address from a
DHCPv6 server.
The IP address assigned by a DHCPv6 server has priority over the
IP address automatically generated by the ZyXEL Device using the IPv6 prefix from an RA.
DHCP PD
Select SLAAC (Stateless address autoconfiguration) to have the
ZyXEL Device use the prefix to automatically generate a unique IP address that does not need to be maintained by a DHCP server.
Select Enable to use DHCP PD (Prefix Delegation) to allow the
Zyxel Device to pass the IPv6 prefix information to its LAN hosts.
The hosts can then use the prefix to generate their IPv6 addresses.
Connection
Nailed-Up Connection Select Nailed-Up Connection when you want your connection up all the time. The ZyXEL Device will try to bring up the connection automatically if it is disconnected.
Connect on Demand Select Connect on Demand when you don't want the connection up all the time and specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle
Timeout field.
Max Idle Timeout Specify an idle time-out in the Max Idle Timeout field when you select Connect on Demand . The default setting is 0, which means the Internet session will not timeout.
NAT SUA only is available only when you select Routing in the Mode field.
Select SUA Only if you have one public IP address and want to use NAT. Click Edit Detail to go to the Port Forwarding screen to edit a server mapping set.
Back
Apply
Advanced Setup
Otherwise, select None to disable NAT.
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to display the More Connections Advanced Setup screen and edit more details of your WAN setup.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
81
Chapter 6 WAN Setup
6.3.2 Configuring More Connections Advanced Setup
Use this screen to edit your ZyXEL Device's advanced WAN settings. Click the
Advanced Setup button in the More Connections Edit screen. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 33
Network > WAN > More Connections: Edit: Advanced Setup
82
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19
Network > WAN > More Connections: Edit: Advanced Setup
LABEL
RIP & Multicast Setup
RIP Direction
DESCRIPTION
Version
Select the RIP Direction from None , Both , In Only and Out
Only .
This field is not configurable if you select None in the RIP
Direction field.
Multicast
Select the RIP Version from RIP-1 , RIP-2B and RIP-2M .
Internet Group Multicast Protocol (IGMP) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group. The
ZyXEL Device supports IGMP-v1 and IGMP-v2 . Select None to disable it.
ATM QoS
ATM QoS Type
Peak Cell Rate
Select CBR (Continuous Bit Rate) to specify fixed (always-on) bandwidth for voice or data traffic. Select UBR (Unspecified Bit
Rate) for applications that are non-time sensitive, such as e-mail.
Select nrtVBR (Variable Bit Rate-non Real Time) or rtVBR
(Variable Bit Rate-Real Time) for bursty traffic and bandwidth sharing with other applications.
Divide the DSL line rate (bps) by 424 (the size of an ATM cell) to find the Peak Cell Rate (PCR). This is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. Type the PCR here.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 6 WAN Setup
Table 19
Network > WAN > More Connections: Edit: Advanced Setup (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Sustain Cell Rate The Sustain Cell Rate (SCR) sets the average cell rate (long-term) that can be transmitted. Type the SCR, which must be less than the PCR. Note that system default is 0 cells/sec.
Maximum Burst Size Maximum Burst Size (MBS) refers to the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the peak rate. Type the MBS, which is less than 65535.
MTU
MTU The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) defines the size of the largest packet allowed on an interface or connection. Enter the
MTU in this field.
Back
Apply
Cancel
For ENET ENCAP, the MTU value is 1500.
For PPPoE, the MTU value is 1492.
For PPPoA and RFC, the MTU is 100-1500.
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
6.4 WAN Technical Reference
This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter.
6.4.1 Encapsulation
Be sure to use the encapsulation method required by your ISP. The ZyXEL Device supports the following methods.
6.4.1.1 ENET ENCAP
The MAC Encapsulated Routing Link Protocol (ENET ENCAP) is only implemented with the IP network protocol. IP packets are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. For instance, it encapsulates routed Ethernet frames into bridged ATM cells. ENET ENCAP requires that you specify a gateway IP address in the Gateway IP Address field in the wizard or WAN screen. You can get this information from your ISP.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
83
Chapter 6 WAN Setup
6.4.1.2 PPP over Ethernet
The ZyXEL Device supports PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). PPPoE is an IETF Draft standard (RFC 2516) specifying how a personal computer (PC) interacts with a broadband modem (DSL, cable, wireless, etc.) connection. The
PPPoE option is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE.
For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (for example RADIUS).
One of the benefits of PPPoE is the ability to let you access one of multiple network services, a function known as dynamic service selection. This enables the service provider to easily create and offer new IP services for individuals.
Operationally, PPPoE saves significant effort for both you and the ISP or carrier, as it requires no specific configuration of the broadband modem at the customer site.
By implementing PPPoE directly on the ZyXEL Device (rather than individual computers), the computers on the LAN do not need PPPoE software installed, since the ZyXEL Device does that part of the task. Furthermore, with NAT, all of the LANs’ computers will have access.
6.4.1.3 PPPoA
PPPoA stands for Point to Point Protocol over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). A
PPPoA connection functions like a dial-up Internet connection. The ZyXEL Device encapsulates the PPP session based on RFC1483 and sends it through an ATM PVC
(Permanent Virtual Circuit) to the Internet Service Provider’s (ISP) DSLAM (Digital
Subscriber Line (DSL) Access Multiplexer). Please refer to RFC 2364 for more information on PPPoA. Refer to RFC 1661 for more information on PPP.
6.4.1.4 RFC 1483
RFC 1483 describes two methods for Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM
Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5). The first method allows multiplexing of multiple protocols over a single ATM virtual circuit (LLC-based multiplexing) and the second method assumes that each protocol is carried over a separate ATM virtual circuit
(VC-based multiplexing). Please refer to RFC 1483 for more detailed information.
6.4.2 Multiplexing
There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is carrying. Be sure to use the multiplexing method required by your ISP.
84
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 6 WAN Setup
VC-based Multiplexing
In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific virtual circuit; for example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be dominant in environments where dynamic creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is fast and economical.
LLC-based Multiplexing
In this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information being contained in each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and processing overhead, this method may be advantageous if it is not practical to have a separate VC for each carried protocol, for example, if charging heavily depends on the number of simultaneous VCs.
6.4.3 VPI and VCI
Be sure to use the correct Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and Virtual Channel
Identifier (VCI) numbers assigned to you. The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255 and for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM traffic). Please see the appendix for more information.
6.4.4 IP Address Assignment
A static IP is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP is not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time. The Single User Account feature can be enabled or disabled if you have either a dynamic or static IP. However the encapsulation method assigned influences your choices for IP address and ENET
ENCAP gateway.
IP Assignment with PPPoA or PPPoE Encapsulation
If you have a dynamic IP, then the IP Address and Gateway IP Address fields are not applicable (N/A). If you have a Static IP Address assigned by your ISP, then they should also assign you a Subnet Mask and a Gateway IP Address .
IP Assignment with RFC 1483 Encapsulation
In this case the IP address assignment must be static.
IP Assignment with ENET ENCAP Encapsulation
In this case you can have either a static or dynamic IP. For a static IP you must fill in all the IP Address and Gateway IP Address fields as supplied by your ISP.
However for a dynamic IP, the ZyXEL Device acts as a DHCP client on the WAN
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
85
Chapter 6 WAN Setup port and so the IP Address and Gateway IP Address fields are not applicable
(N/A) as the DHCP server assigns them to the ZyXEL Device.
6.4.5 Nailed-Up Connection (PPP)
A nailed-up connection is a dial-up line where the connection is always up regardless of traffic demand. The ZyXEL Device does two things when you specify a nailed-up connection. The first is that idle timeout is disabled. The second is that the ZyXEL Device will try to bring up the connection when turned on and whenever the connection is down. A nailed-up connection can be very expensive for obvious reasons.
Do not specify a nailed-up connection unless your telephone company offers flatrate service or you need a constant connection and the cost is of no concern.
6.4.6 NAT
NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network.
6.5 Traffic Shaping
Traffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average rate and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps eliminate congestion, which is important for transmission of real time data such as audio and video connections.
Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This parameter may be lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM cell is 53 bytes (424 bits), so a maximum speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum
PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not guaranteed because it is dependent on the line speed.
Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the maximum average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual connection. SCR may not be greater than the PCR.
Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the PCR. After MBS is reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to the SCR again. At this time, more cells (up to the MBS) can be sent at the PCR again.
86
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 6 WAN Setup
If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a maximum value that correlates to your upstream line rate.
The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS.
Figure 34
Example of Traffic Shaping
6.5.1 ATM Traffic Classes
These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic
Management 4.0 Specification.
Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is being sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for connections that continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds this rate, cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution video and voice.
Variable Bit Rate (VBR)
The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections.
Connections that use the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into real time (VBR-RT) or non-real time (VBR-nRT) connections.
The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth (a PCR is specified) but is only available when data is being sent. An example of an VBR-RT connection would be video conferencing. Video conferencing requires real-time data transfers and the bandwidth requirement varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
87
Chapter 6 WAN Setup
The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that do not require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty" traffic typical on LANs. PCR and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the minimum level. An example of an VBR-nRT connection would be non-time sensitive data file transfers.
Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers.
However, UBR doesn't guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare bandwidth. An example application is background file transfer.
88
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
C H A P T E R 7
LAN Setup
7.1 Overview
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a shared communication system to which many networking devices are connected. It is usually located in one immediate area such as a building or floor of a building.
Use the LAN screens to help you configure a LAN DHCP server and manage IP addresses.
LAN
DSL
7.1.1 What You Can Do in the LAN Screens
• Use the LAN IP screen (
Section 7.2 on page 91 ) to set the LAN IP address and
subnet mask of your ZyXEL device. You can also edit your ZyXEL Device's RIP, multicast and Windows Networking settings from this screen.
• Use the DHCP Setup screen (
Section 7.3 on page 93 ) to configure the ZyXEL
Device’s DHCP settings.
• Use the Client List screen (
Section 7.4 on page 94 ) to assign IP addresses on
the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses.
• Use the IP Alias screen (
Section 7.5 on page 96 ) to change your ZyXEL
Device’s IP alias settings.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
89
Chapter 7 LAN Setup
• Use the IPv6
screen ( Section 7.6 on page 97
) to configure the IPv6 settings on your ZyXEL device’s LAN interface.
7.1.2 What You Need To Know About LAN
IP Address
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device
(including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
Subnet Mask
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network.
You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
DHCP
A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server can assign your ZyXEL
Device an IP address, subnet mask, DNS and other routing information when it's turned on.
RIP
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers.
Multicast
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network).
Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1.
IGMP
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data.
There are three versions of IGMP. IGMP version 2 and 3 are improvements over version 1, but IGMP version 1 is still in wide use.
DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) is for mapping a domain name to its corresponding
IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because
90
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 7 LAN Setup without it, you must know the IP address of a networking device before you can access it.
Finding Out More
See
Section 7.7 on page 98 for technical background information on LANs.
7.1.3 Before You Begin
Find out the MAC addresses of your network devices if you intend to add them to the DHCP Client List screen.
7.2 The LAN IP Screen
Use this screen to set the Local Area Network IP address and subnet mask of your
ZyXEL Device. Click Network > LAN to open the IP screen.
Follow these steps to configure your LAN settings.
1 Enter an IP address into the IP Address field. The IP address must be in dotted decimal notation. This will become the IP address of your ZyXEL Device.
2 Enter the IP subnet mask into the IP Subnet Mask field. Unless instructed otherwise it is best to leave this alone, the configurator will automatically compute a subnet mask based upon the IP address you entered.
3 Click Apply to save your settings.
Figure 35
Network > LAN > IP
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
91
Chapter 7 LAN Setup
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 20
Network > LAN > IP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Address Enter the LAN IP address you want to assign to your ZyXEL Device in dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1 (factory default).
IP Subnet Mask Type the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal notation, for example 255.255.255.0 (factory default). Your ZyXEL Device automatically computes the subnet mask based on the IP Address you enter, so do not change this field unless you are instructed to do so.
Apply
Cancel
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Advanced Setup Click this to display the Advanced LAN Setup screen and edit more details of your LAN setup.
7.2.1 The Advanced LAN IP Setup Screen
Use this screen to edit your ZyXEL Device's RIP, multicast and Windows
Networking settings. Click the Advanced Setup button in the LAN IP screen. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 36
Network > LAN > IP: Advanced Setup
92
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 21
Network > LAN > IP: Advanced Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
RIP & Multicast Setup
RIP Direction Select the RIP Direction from None , Both , In Only and Out Only .
RIP Version This field is not configurable if you select None in the RIP Direction field.
Multicast
IGMP Snooping
Select the RIP Version from RIP-1 , RIP-2B and RIP-2M .
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a multicast group. The ZyXEL Device supports IGMP-v1 and IGMP-v2 . Select None to disable it.
Select Enabled to activate IGMP Snooping. This allows the ZyXEL
Device to passively learn memberships in multicast groups.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 7 LAN Setup
Table 21
Network > LAN > IP: Advanced Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Back
Apply
Cancel
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
7.3 The DHCP Setup Screen
Use this screen to configure the DNS server information that the ZyXEL Device sends to the DHCP client devices on the LAN. Click Network > DHCP Setup to open this screen.
Figure 37
Network > LAN > DHCP Setup
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
93
Chapter 7 LAN Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 22
Network > LAN > DHCP Setup
LABEL
DHCP Setup
DHCP
DESCRIPTION
If set to Server , your ZyXEL Device can assign IP addresses, an IP default gateway and DNS servers to Windows 95, Windows NT and other systems that support the DHCP client.
If set to None , the DHCP server will be disabled.
If set to Relay , the ZyXEL Device acts as a surrogate DHCP server and relays DHCP requests and responses between the remote server and the clients. Enter the IP address of the actual, remote DHCP server in the Remote DHCP Server field in this case.
IP Pool Starting
Address
Pool Size
Remote DHCP
Server
DNS Server
DNS Servers
Assigned by DHCP
Server
Primary /
Secondary DNS
Server
Apply
Cancel
When DHCP is used, the following items need to be set:
This field specifies the first of the contiguous addresses in the IP address pool.
This field specifies the size, or count of the IP address pool.
If Relay is selected in the DHCP field above then enter the IP address of the actual remote DHCP server here.
The ZyXEL Device passes a DNS (Domain Name System) server IP address to the DHCP clients.
Enter the IP address of your primary/secondary DNS server.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
7.4 The Client List Screen
This table allows you to assign IP addresses on the LAN to specific individual computers based on their MAC Addresses.
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02.
94
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 7 LAN Setup
Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s static DHCP settings. Click
Network > LAN > Client List to open the following screen.
Figure 38
Network > LAN > Client List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 23
Network > LAN > Client List
LABEL
IP Address
MAC Address
Add
DESCRIPTION
Enter the IP address that you want to assign to the computer on your
LAN with the MAC address that you will also specify.
Enter the MAC address of a computer on your LAN.
Click this to add a static DHCP entry.
#
Status
Host Name
IP Address
MAC Address
This is the index number of the static IP table entry (row).
This field displays whether the client is connected to the ZyXEL Device.
This field displays the computer host name.
This field displays the IP address relative to the # field listed above.
The MAC (Media Access Control) or Ethernet address on a LAN (Local
Area Network) is unique to your computer (six pairs of hexadecimal notation).
R emove
Modify
Apply
A network interface card such as an Ethernet adapter has a hardwired address that is assigned at the factory. This address follows an industry standard that ensures no other adapter has a similar address.
Select the check box and then click Apply to remove the client from the list.
Click the modify icon to have the IP address field editable and change it.
Click this to save your changes.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
95
Chapter 7 LAN Setup
7.5 The IP Alias Screen
IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The ZyXEL Device supports two logical LAN interface via its physical Ethernet interface with the ZyXEL Device itself as the gateway for the LAN network.
When you use IP alias, you can also configure firewall rules to control access to the LAN's logical network (subnet).
7.5.1 Configuring the LAN IP Alias Screen
Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s IP alias settings. Click Network >
LAN > IP Alias to open the following screen.
Figure 39
Network > LAN > IP Alias
96
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 24
Network > LAN > IP Alias
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IP Alias
IP Address
Select the check box to configure a LAN network for the ZyXEL Device.
Enter the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in dotted decimal notation.
Alternatively, click the right mouse button to copy and/or paste the IP address.
IP Subnet Mask Your ZyXEL Device will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device.
Apply
Cancel
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 7 LAN Setup
7.6 The IPv6 Screen
Use this screen to configure the IPv6 settings for your P-660HN-Tx’s LAN interface. See Appendix E on page 295 for background information about IPv6.
Figure 40
Network > LAN > IPv6
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 25
Network > LAN > IPv6
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6
IPv6 Address
Prefix
MLD Snooping
Enter the LAN IPv6 address you want to assign to your ZyXEL Device in hexadecimal notation, for example, fe80::1 (factory default).
Enter the address prefix to specify how many most significant bits in an IPv6 address compose the network address.
Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the presence of MLD hosts who wish to receive multicast packets and the IP addresses of multicast groups the hosts want to join on its network. Select Enabled to activate MLD Snooping on the
ZyXEL Device. This allows the ZyXEL device to check MLD packets passing through it and learn the multicast group membership. It helps reduce multicast traffic.
LAN IPv6 Address Setting
Delegate Prefix from WAN
Static
Select this option to automatically obtain an IPv6 network prefix from the service provider or an uplink router.
Select this option to configure a fixed IPv6 network prefix for the
ZyXEL device’s LAN interface.
Static IPv6
Address
If you select static IPv6 address, enter the IPv6 prefix that the ZyXEL
Device uses to generate its LAN IPv6 address.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
97
Chapter 7 LAN Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Prefix length An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits
(starting from the left) in the address compose the network address.
This field displays the bit number of the IPv6 subnet mask.
Enter the preferred lifetime for the prefix.
Preferred
Lifetime
Valid Lifetime Enter the valid lifetime for the prefix.
DHCPv6 Configuration
IPv6 DNS Configure the IPv6 DNS information the ZyXEL device passes to clients when it acts as a DHCPv6 server. Select Auto if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server information. Select Manual to configure DNS server addresses manually.
IPv6 DNS
Server1
IPv6 DNS
Server2
Apply
Cancel
Enter the first DNS server IP address the ZyXEL Device passes to the
DHCP clients.
Enter the second DNS server IP address the ZyXEL Device passes to the DHCP clients.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
7.7 LAN Technical Reference
This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter.
7.7.1
LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL Device
The actual physical connection determines whether the ZyXEL Device ports are
LAN or WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and the other outside the WAN network as shown next.
Figure 41
LAN and WAN IP Addresses
LAN WAN
98
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 7 LAN Setup
7.7.2 DHCP Setup
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can configure the ZyXEL Device as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server, the ZyXEL Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you turn DHCP service off, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the computer must be manually configured.
IP Pool Setup
The ZyXEL Device is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP clients (DHCP Pool). See the product specifications in the appendices. Do not assign static IP addresses from the DHCP pool to your LAN computers.
7.7.3 DNS Server Addresses
DNS (Domain Name System) maps a domain name to its corresponding IP address and vice versa. The DNS server is extremely important because without it, you must know the IP address of a computer before you can access it. The DNS server addresses you enter when you set up DHCP are passed to the client machines along with the assigned IP address and subnet mask.
There are two ways that an ISP disseminates the DNS server addresses.
• The ISP tells you the DNS server addresses, usually in the form of an information sheet, when you sign up. If your ISP gives you DNS server addresses, enter them in the DNS Server fields in the DHCP Setup screen.
• Some ISPs choose to disseminate the DNS server addresses using the DNS server extensions of IPCP (IP Control Protocol) after the connection is up. If your ISP did not give you explicit DNS servers, chances are the DNS servers are conveyed through IPCP negotiation. The ZyXEL Device supports the IPCP DNS server extensions through the DNS proxy feature.
Please note that DNS proxy works only when the ISP uses the IPCP DNS server extensions. It does not mean you can leave the DNS servers out of the DHCP setup under all circumstances. If your ISP gives you explicit DNS servers, make sure that you enter their IP addresses in the DHCP Setup screen.
7.7.4 LAN TCP/IP
The ZyXEL Device has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
99
Chapter 7 LAN Setup
IP Address and Subnet Mask
Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do computers on a LAN share one common network number.
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 and you must enable the
Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the ZyXEL Device. The Internet
Assigned Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise.
Let's say you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254 individual addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In other words, the first three numbers specify the network number while the last number identifies an individual computer on that network.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to remember, for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your ZyXEL Device, but make sure that no other device on your network is using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your
ZyXEL Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the ZyXEL Device unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet, for example, only between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255
• 192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or it can be assigned from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger
100
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 7 LAN Setup organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.
Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, “Address Allocation for Private
Internets” and RFC 1466, “Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space”.
7.7.5 RIP Setup
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers. The RIP Direction field controls the sending and receiving of RIP packets. When set to:
• Both the ZyXEL Device will broadcast its routing table periodically and incorporate the RIP information that it receives.
• In Only - the ZyXEL Device will not send any RIP packets but will accept all RIP packets received.
• Out Only - the ZyXEL Device will send out RIP packets but will not accept any
RIP packets received.
• None the ZyXEL Device will not send any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP packets received.
The Version field controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the ZyXEL Device sends (it recognizes both formats when receiving).
RIP-1 is universally supported; but RIP-2 carries more information. RIP-1 is probably adequate for most networks, unless you have an unusual network topology.
Both RIP-2B and RIP-2M sends the routing data in RIP-2 format; the difference being that RIP-2B uses subnet broadcasting while RIP-2M uses multicasting.
Multicasting can reduce the load on non-router machines since they generally do not listen to the RIP multicast address and so will not receive the RIP packets.
However, if one router uses multicasting, then all routers on your network must use multicasting, also.
7.7.6 Multicast
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1 sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network).
Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody and not just 1.
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
101
Chapter 7 LAN Setup version 1 is still in wide use. IGMP version 3 supports source filtering, reporting or ignoring traffic from specific source address to a particular host on the network. If you would like to read more detailed information about interoperability between
IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections 4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class
D IP address is used to identify host groups and can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address 224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order to participate in IGMP. The address
224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers group.
At start up, the ZyXEL Device queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the ZyXEL Device periodically updates this information. IP multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the ZyXEL Device LAN and/or WAN interfaces in the web configurator ( LAN ; WAN ). Select None to disable IP multicasting on these interfaces.
102
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
C H A P T E R 8
Wireless LAN
8.1 Overview
This chapter describes how to perform tasks related to setting up and optimizing your wireless network, including the following.
• Turning the wireless connection on or off.
• Configuring a name, wireless channel and security for the network.
• Using WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) to configure your wireless network.
• Setting up multiple wireless networks.
• Using a MAC (Media Access Control) address filter to restrict access to the wireless network.
• Performing other performance-related wireless tasks.
8.1.1 What You Can Do in the Wireless LAN Screens
This section describes the ZyXEL Device’s Network > Wireless LAN screens. Use these screens to set up your ZyXEL Device’s wireless connection.
• Use the AP
screen (see Section 8.2 on page 105 ) to turn the wireless
connection on or off, set up wireless security, configure the MAC filter, and make other basic configuration changes.
• Use the More AP screen (see
Section 8.3 on page 111 ) to set up multiple
wireless networks on your ZyXEL Device.
• Use the WPS screen (see
) to enable or disable WPS, generate a security PIN (Personal Identification Number) and see information about the ZyXEL Device’s WPS status.
• Use the WPS Station
(see Section 8.5 on page 114 )
screen to set up WPS by pressing a button or using a PIN.
You don’t necessarily need to use all these screens to set up your wireless connection. For example, you may just want to set up a network name, a wireless radio channel and security in the AP screen.
103
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
8.1.2 What You Need to Know About Wireless
Wireless Basics
“Wireless” is essentially radio communication. In the same way that walkie-talkie radios send and receive information over the airwaves, wireless networking devices exchange information with one another. A wireless networking device is just like a radio that lets your computer exchange information with radios attached to other computers. Like walkie-talkies, most wireless networking devices operate at radio frequency bands that are open to the public and do not require a license to use. However, wireless networking is different from that of most traditional radio communications in that there a number of wireless networking standards available with different methods of data encryption.
SSID
Each network must have a name, referred to as the SSID - “Service Set
IDentifier”. The “service set” is the network, so the “service set identifier” is the network’s name. This helps you identify your wireless network when wireless networks’ coverage areas overlap and you have a variety of networks to choose from.
MAC Address Filter
Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address consists of twelve hexadecimal characters (0-9, and A to F), and it is usually written in the following format: “0A:A0:00:BB:CC:DD”.
The MAC address filter controls access to the wireless network. You can use the
MAC address of each wireless client to allow or deny access to the wireless network.
Finding Out More
See
Section 8.6 on page 115 for advanced technical information on wireless
networks.
8.1.3 Before You Start
Before you start using these screens, ask yourself the following questions. See
Section 8.1.2 on page 104 if some of the terms used here are not familiar to you.
• What wireless standards do the other wireless devices in your network support
(IEEE 802.11g, for example)? What is the most appropriate standard to use?
104
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
• What security options do the other wireless devices in your network support
(WPA-PSK, for example)? What is the strongest security option supported by all the devices in your network?
• Do the other wireless devices in your network support WPS (Wi-Fi Protected
Setup)? If so, you can set up a well-secured network very easily.
Even if some of your devices support WPS and some do not, you can use WPS to set up your network and then add the non-WPS devices manually, although this is somewhat more complicated to do.
• What advanced options do you want to configure, if any? If you want to configure advanced options such as Quality of Service, ensure that you know precisely what you want to do. If you do not want to configure advanced options, leave them as they are.
8.2 The AP Screen
Use this screen to configure the wireless settings of your ZyXEL Device. Click
Network > Wireless LAN to open the AP screen.
Figure 42
Network > Wireless LAN > AP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 26
Network > Wireless LAN > AP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Setup
Enable
Wireless LAN
Click the check box to activate wireless LAN.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
105
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
Table 26
Network > Wireless LAN > AP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Channel
Selection
Set the operating channel manually by selecting a channel from the
Channel Selection list or use Auto Channel Select to have it automatically configured.
Common Setup
Network
Name (SSID)
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated. Wireless devices associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
Hide SSID
Note: If you are configuring the ZyXEL Device from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and you change the ZyXEL
Device’s SSID or WEP settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press
Apply
to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the
ZyXEL Device’s new settings.
Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
See the following sections for more details about this field.
Security
Mode
MAC Filter
Edit
QoS
Apply
Cancel
Advanced
Setup
This shows whether the wireless devices with the MAC addresses listed are allowed or denied to access the ZyXEL Device using this SSID.
Click this to go to the MAC Filter screen to configure MAC filter settings.
See Section 8.2.5 on page 110 for more details.
Select this check box to activate Quality of Service (QoS).
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Click this to display the Wireless Advanced Setup screen and edit more
details of your WLAN setup. See Section 8.2.4 on page 109
for more details.
8.2.1 No Security
In the Network > Wireless LAN > AP screen, select No Security from the
Security Mode list to allow wireless devices to communicate with the ZyXEL
Device without any data encryption or authentication.
106
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
Note: If you do not enable any wireless security on your ZyXEL Device, your network is accessible to any wireless networking device that is within range.
Figure 43
Network > Wireless LAN > AP: No Security
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 27
Network > Wireless LAN > AP: No Security
LABEL
Security
Mode
DESCRIPTION
Choose No Security from the drop-down list box.
8.2.2 WEP Encryption
Use this screen to configure and enable WEP encryption. Click Network >
Wireless LAN to display the AP screen. Select Static WEP from the Security
Mode list.
Note: WEP is extremely insecure. Its encryption can be broken by an attacker, using widely-available software. It is strongly recommended that you use a more effective security mechanism. Use the strongest security mechanism that all the wireless devices in your network support. For example, use WPA-PSK or
WPA2-PSK if all your wireless devices support it. If your wireless devices support nothing stronger than WEP, use the highest encryption level available.
Figure 44
Network > Wireless LAN > AP: Static WEP
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
107
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Table 28
Network > Wireless LAN > AP: Static WEP
LABEL
Security
Mode
Passphrase
DESCRIPTION
Choose Static WEP from the drop-down list box.
WEP Key
Enter a passphrase (up to 32 printable characters) and click Generate .
The ZyXEL Device automatically generates a WEP key.
The WEP key is used to encrypt data. Both the ZyXEL Device and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
If you want to manually set the WEP key, enter any 5 or 13 characters
(ASCII string) or 10 or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F") for a 64bit or 128-bit WEP key respectively.
8.2.3 WPA(2)-PSK
Use this screen to configure and enable WPA(2)-PSK authentication. Click
Network > Wireless LAN to display the AP screen. Select WPA-PSK or WPA2-
PSK from the Security Mode list.
Figure 45
Network > Wireless LAN > AP: WPA(2)-PSK
The following table describes the wireless LAN security labels in this screen.
Table 29
Network > Wireless LAN > AP: WPA(2)-PSK
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Mode Choose WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK from the drop-down list box.
WPA Compatible This check box is available only when you select WPA2-PSK in the
Security Mode field.
Select the check box to have both WPA-PSK wireless clients be able to communicate with the ZyXEL Device even when the ZyXEL Device is using WPA2-PSK.
108
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
Table 29
Network > Wireless LAN > AP: WPA(2)-PSK
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Pre-Shared Key The encryption mechanisms used for WPA(2) and WPA(2)-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA(2)-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials.
WPA Group Key
Update Timer
Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters
(including spaces and symbols).
The Group Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using
WPA(2)-PSK key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-keying process is the WPA(2) equivalent of automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a
WLAN on a periodic basis.
8.2.4 Wireless LAN Advanced Setup
Use this screen to configure advanced wireless settings. Click the Advanced
Setup button in the AP screen. The screen appears as shown.
See
Section 8.6.2 on page 117 for detailed definitions of the terms listed in this
screen.
Figure 46
Network > Wireless LAN > AP: Advanced Setup
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 30
Network > Wireless LAN > AP: Advanced Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
RTS/CTS
Threshold
Enter a value between 0 and 2347.
Fragmentation
Threshold
This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value between 256 and 2346.
Output Power Set the output power of the ZyXEL Device. If there is a high density of
APs in an area, decrease the output power to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following: 100% , 75%, 50% or 25% .
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
109
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
Table 30
Network > Wireless LAN > AP: Advanced Setup
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Preamble Select a preamble type from the drop-down list menu. Choices are Long or Short . See the Appendix D on page 283 for more information.
802.11 Mode Select 802.11b Only to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device.
Back
Apply
Cancel
Select 802.11g Only to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device.
Select 802.11b+g to allow either IEEE 802.11b or IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device. The transmission rate of your ZyXEL Device might be reduced.
Select 802.11n
to allow only IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device.
Select 802.11g+n to allow either IEEE 802.11g or IEEE 802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL Device. The transmission rate of your ZyXEL Device might be reduced.
Select 802.11b+g+n to allow IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g or
IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the ZyXEL
Device. The transmission rate of your ZyXEL Device might be reduced.
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
8.2.5 MAC Filter
Use this screen to change your ZyXEL Device’s MAC filter settings. Click the Edit button in the AP screen. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 47
Network > Wireless LAN > AP: MAC Address Filter
110
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 31
Network > Wireless LAN > AP: MAC Address Filter
LABEL
Enable MAC
Filter
DESCRIPTION
Select the check box to enable MAC address filtering.
Filter Action
Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC Address table.
Set
MAC
Address
Back
Apply
Cancel
Select Deny to block access to the ZyXEL Device. MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the ZyXEL Device
Select Allow to permit access to the ZyXEL Device. MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the ZyXEL Device.
This is the index number of the MAC address.
Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless devices that are allowed or denied access to the ZyXEL Device in these address fields. Enter the MAC addresses in a valid MAC address format, that is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
8.3 The More AP Screen
This screen allows you to enable and configure multiple Basic Service Sets (BSSs) on the ZyXEL Device.
Click Network > Wireless LAN > More AP . The following screen displays.
Figure 48
Network > Wireless LAN > More AP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 32
Network > Wireless LAN > More AP
LABEL
#
Active
DESCRIPTION
This is the index number of each SSID profile.
This field indicates whether this SSID is active.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
111
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
Table 32
Network > Wireless LAN > More AP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SSID An SSID profile is the set of parameters relating to one of the ZyXEL
Device’s BSSs. The SSID (Service Set IDentifier) identifies the Service
Set with which a wireless device is associated.
Security
This field displays the name of the wireless profile on the network. When a wireless client scans for an AP to associate with, this is the name that is broadcast and seen in the wireless client utility.
This field indicates the security mode of the SSID profile.
Click the Remove icon to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
8.3.1 More AP Edit
Use this screen to edit an SSID profile. Click the Edit icon next to an SSID in the
More AP screen. The following screen displays.
Figure 49
Network > Wireless LAN > More AP: Edit
112
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 33
Network > Wireless LAN > More AP: Edit
LABEL
Active
Network Name
(SSID)
DESCRIPTION
Select this check box to make this SSID active.
The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the service set with which a wireless device is associated. Enter a descriptive name (up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters) for the wireless LAN.
Hide SSID
Security Mode
MAC Filter
Edit
QoS
Back
Apply
Cancel
Note: If you are configuring the ZyXEL Device from a computer connected to the wireless LAN and you change the
ZyXEL Device’s SSID or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press
Apply
to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the ZyXEL Device’s new settings.
Select this check box to hide the SSID in the outgoing beacon frame so a station cannot obtain the SSID through scanning using a site survey tool.
See
Section 8.2 on page 105 for more details about this field.
This shows whether the wireless devices with the MAC addresses listed are allowed or denied to access the ZyXEL Device using this
SSID.
Click this to go to the MAC Filter screen to configure MAC filter settings. See
Section 8.2.5 on page 110 for more details.
Select this check box to activate Quality of Service (QoS).
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
8.4 The WPS Screen
Use this screen to configure WiFi Protected Setup (WPS) on your ZyXEL Device.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Set up each WPS connection between two devices. Both devices must support WPS.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
113
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
Click Network > Wireless LAN > WPS . The following screen displays.
Figure 50
Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 34
Network > Wireless LAN > WPS
LABEL
WPS Setup
WPS Setup
WPS Status
DESCRIPTION
Select the check box to activate WPS on the ZyXEL Device.
This displays Configured when the ZyXEL Device has connected to a wireless network using WPS or Enable WPS is selected and wireless or wireless security settings have been changed. The current wireless and wireless security settings also appear in the screen.
Release
Apply
Refresh
This displays Unconfigured if WPS is disabled and there is no wireless or wireless security changes on the ZyXEL Device or you click Release to remove the configured wireless and wireless security settings.
This button is available when the WPS status is Configured.
Click this button to remove all configured wireless and wireless security settings for WPS connections on the ZyXEL Device.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
8.5 The WPS Station Screen
Use this screen to set up a WPS wireless network using either Push Button
Configuration (PBC) or PIN Configuration.
114
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
Click Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station . The following screen displays.
Figure 51
Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 35
Network > Wireless LAN > WPS Station
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Push Button Click this to add another WPS-enabled wireless device (within wireless range of the ZyXEL Device) to your wireless network. This button may either be a physical button on the outside of device, or a menu button similar to the Push Button on this screen.
Or input station's PIN number
Note: You must press the other wireless device’s WPS button within two minutes of pressing this button.
Enter the PIN of the device that you are setting up a WPS connection with and click Start to authenticate and add the wireless device to your wireless network.
You can find the PIN either on the outside of the device, or by checking the device’s settings.
Note: You must also activate WPS on that device within two minutes to have it present its PIN to the ZyXEL Device.
8.6 Wireless LAN Technical Reference
This section discusses wireless LANs in depth. For more information, see the appendix.
8.6.1 Wireless Network Overview
Wireless networks consist of wireless clients, access points and bridges.
• A wireless client is a radio connected to a user’s computer.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
115
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
• An access point is a radio with a wired connection to a network, which can connect with numerous wireless clients and let them access the network.
• A bridge is a radio that relays communications between access points and wireless clients, extending a network’s range.
Traditionally, a wireless network operates in one of two ways.
• An “infrastructure” type of network has one or more access points and one or more wireless clients. The wireless clients connect to the access points.
• An “ad-hoc” type of network is one in which there is no access point. Wireless clients connect to one another in order to exchange information.
The following figure provides an example of a wireless network.
Figure 52
Example of a Wireless Network
116
The wireless network is the part in the blue circle. In this wireless network, devices A and B use the access point ( AP ) to interact with the other devices (such as the printer) or with the Internet. Your ZyXEL Device is the AP.
Every wireless network must follow these basic guidelines.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use the same SSID.
The SSID is the name of the wireless network. It stands for Service Set
IDentifier.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
• If two wireless networks overlap, they should use a different channel.
Like radio stations or television channels, each wireless network uses a specific channel, or frequency, to send and receive information.
• Every device in the same wireless network must use security compatible with the AP.
Security stops unauthorized devices from using the wireless network. It can also protect the information that is sent in the wireless network.
Radio Channels
In the radio spectrum, there are certain frequency bands allocated for unlicensed, civilian use. For the purposes of wireless networking, these bands are divided into numerous channels. This allows a variety of networks to exist in the same place without interfering with one another. When you create a network, you must select a channel to use.
Since the available unlicensed spectrum varies from one country to another, the number of available channels also varies.
8.6.2 Additional Wireless Terms
The following table describes some wireless network terms and acronyms used in the ZyXEL Device’s Web Configurator.
Table 36
Additional Wireless Terms
TERM DESCRIPTION
RTS/CTS Threshold In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices are sometimes not aware of each other’s presence. This may cause them to send information to the AP at the same time and result in information colliding and not getting through.
Preamble
Authentication
Fragmentation
Threshold
By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless devices must sometimes get permission to send information to the
ZyXEL Device. The lower the value, the more often the devices must get permission.
If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see below), then wireless devices never have to get permission to send information to the ZyXEL Device.
A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble modes: long and short.
If a device uses a different preamble mode than the ZyXEL Device does, it cannot communicate with the ZyXEL Device.
The process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network.
A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
117
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
8.6.3 Wireless Security Overview
By their nature, radio communications are simple to intercept. For wireless data networks, this means that anyone within range of a wireless network without security can not only read the data passing over the airwaves, but also join the network. Once an unauthorized person has access to the network, he or she can steal information or introduce malware (malicious software) intended to compromise the network. For these reasons, a variety of security systems have been developed to ensure that only authorized people can use a wireless data network, or understand the data carried on it.
These security standards do two things. First, they authenticate. This means that only people presenting the right credentials (often a username and password, or a
“key” phrase) can access the network. Second, they encrypt. This means that the information sent over the air is encoded. Only people with the code key can understand the information, and only people who have been authenticated are given the code key.
These security standards vary in effectiveness. Some can be broken, such as the old Wired Equivalent Protocol (WEP). Using WEP is better than using no security at all, but it will not keep a determined attacker out. Other security standards are secure in themselves but can be broken if a user does not use them properly. For example, the WPA-PSK security standard is very secure if you use a long key which is difficult for an attacker’s software to guess - for example, a twenty-letter long string of apparently random numbers and letters - but it is not very secure if you use a short key which is very easy to guess - for example, a three-letter word from the dictionary.
Because of the damage that can be done by a malicious attacker, it’s not just people who have sensitive information on their network who should use security.
Everybody who uses any wireless network should ensure that effective security is in place.
A good way to come up with effective security keys, passwords and so on is to use obscure information that you personally will easily remember, and to enter it in a way that appears random and does not include real words. For example, if your mother owns a 1970 Dodge Challenger and her favorite movie is Vanishing Point
(which you know was made in 1971) you could use “70dodchal71vanpoi” as your security key.
The following sections introduce different types of wireless security you can set up in the wireless network.
8.6.3.1 SSID
Normally, the ZyXEL Device acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the ZyXEL Device does
118
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network.
8.6.3.2 MAC Address Filter
Every device that can use a wireless network has a unique identification number, called a MAC address.
1
A MAC address is usually written using twelve hexadecimal characters
2
; for example, 00A0C5000002 or 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. To get the MAC address for each device in the wireless network, see the device’s User’s Guide or other documentation.
You can use the MAC address filter to tell the ZyXEL Device which devices are allowed or not allowed to use the wireless network. If a device is allowed to use the wireless network, it still has to have the correct information (SSID, channel, and security). If a device is not allowed to use the wireless network, it does not matter if it has the correct information.
This type of security does not protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the
MAC address of an authorized device. Then, they can use that MAC address to use the wireless network.
8.6.3.3 User Authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before using it. However, every device in the wireless network has to support IEEE
802.1x to do this.
For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users.
Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network.
1.
Some wireless devices, such as scanners, can detect wireless networks but cannot use wireless networks.
These kinds of wireless devices might not have MAC addresses.
2.
Hexadecimal characters are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
119
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
8.6.3.4 Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message.
The types of encryption you can choose depend on the type of authentication.
(See Section 8.6.3.3 on page 119 for information about this.)
Table 37
Types of Encryption for Each Type of Authentication
Weakest
NO AUTHENTICATION RADIUS SERVER
No Security
Static WEP
WPA-PSK
WPA
Strongest WPA2-PSK WPA2
For example, if the wireless network has a RADIUS server, you can choose WPA or WPA2 . If users do not log in to the wireless network, you can choose no encryption, Static WEP , WPA-PSK , or WPA2-PSK .
Usually, you should set up the strongest encryption that every device in the wireless network supports. For example, suppose you have a wireless network with the ZyXEL Device and you do not have a RADIUS server. Therefore, there is no authentication. Suppose the wireless network has two devices. Device A only supports WEP, and device B supports WEP and WPA-PSK. Therefore, you should set up Static WEP in the wireless network.
Note: It is recommended that wireless networks use
WPA-PSK
,
WPA
, or stronger encryption. The other types of encryption are better than none at all, but it is still possible for unauthorized wireless devices to figure out the original information pretty quickly.
When you select WPA2 or WPA2-PSK in your ZyXEL Device, you can also select an option ( WPA compatible ) to support WPA as well. In this case, if some of the devices support WPA and some support WPA2, you should set up WPA2-PSK or
WPA2 (depending on the type of wireless network login) and select the WPA compatible option in the ZyXEL Device.
Many types of encryption use a key to protect the information in the wireless network. The longer the key, the stronger the encryption. Every device in the wireless network must have the same key.
120
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
8.6.4 Signal Problems
Because wireless networks are radio networks, their signals are subject to limitations of distance, interference and absorption.
Problems with distance occur when the two radios are too far apart. Problems with interference occur when other radio waves interrupt the data signal. Interference may come from other radio transmissions, such as military or air traffic control communications, or from machines that are coincidental emitters such as electric motors or microwaves. Problems with absorption occur when physical objects
(such as thick walls) are between the two radios, muffling the signal.
8.6.5 BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).
Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is disabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS traffic blocking is enabled,
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
121
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN wireless station A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.
Figure 53
Basic Service set
8.6.6 MBSSID
Traditionally, you need to use different APs to configure different Basic Service
Sets (BSSs). As well as the cost of buying extra APs, there is also the possibility of channel interference. The ZyXEL Device’s MBSSID (Multiple Basic Service Set
IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSs simultaneously. You can then assign varying QoS priorities and/or security modes to different SSIDs.
Wireless devices can use different BSSIDs to associate with the same AP.
8.6.6.1 Notes on Multiple BSSs
• A maximum of eight BSSs are allowed on one AP simultaneously.
• You must use different keys for different BSSs. If two wireless devices have different BSSIDs (they are in different BSSs), but have the same keys, they may hear each other’s communications (but not communicate with each other).
• MBSSID should not replace but rather be used in conjunction with 802.1x security.
122
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
8.6.7 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)
Your ZyXEL Device supports WiFi Protected Setup (WPS), which is an easy way to set up a secure wireless network. WPS is an industry standard specification, defined by the WiFi Alliance.
WPS allows you to quickly set up a wireless network with strong security, without having to configure security settings manually. Each WPS connection works between two devices. Both devices must support WPS (check each device’s documentation to make sure).
Depending on the devices you have, you can either press a button (on the device itself, or in its configuration utility) or enter a PIN (a unique Personal Identification
Number that allows one device to authenticate the other) in each of the two devices. When WPS is activated on a device, it has two minutes to find another device that also has WPS activated. Then, the two devices connect and set up a secure network by themselves.
8.6.7.1 Push Button Configuration
WPS Push Button Configuration (PBC) is initiated by pressing a button on each
WPS-enabled device, and allowing them to connect automatically. You do not need to enter any information.
Not every WPS-enabled device has a physical WPS button. Some may have a WPS
PBC button in their configuration utilities instead of or in addition to the physical button.
Take the following steps to set up WPS using the button.
1 Ensure that the two devices you want to set up are within wireless range of one another.
2 Look for a WPS button on each device. If the device does not have one, log into its configuration utility and locate the button (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to
do this - for the ZyXEL Device, see Section 8.5 on page 114 ).
3 Press the button on one of the devices (it doesn’t matter which). For the ZyXEL
Device you must press the WPS button for more than three seconds.
4 Within two minutes, press the button on the other device. The registrar sends the network name (SSID) and security key through an secure connection to the enrollee.
If you need to make sure that WPS worked, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list,
WPS was successful.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
123
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
8.6.7.2 PIN Configuration
Each WPS-enabled device has its own PIN (Personal Identification Number). This may either be static (it cannot be changed) or dynamic (in some devices you can generate a new PIN by clicking on a button in the configuration interface).
Use the PIN method instead of the push-button configuration (PBC) method if you want to ensure that the connection is established between the devices you specify, not just the first two devices to activate WPS in range of each other. However, you need to log into the configuration interfaces of both devices to use the PIN method.
When you use the PIN method, you must enter the PIN from one device (usually the wireless client) into the second device (usually the Access Point or wireless router). Then, when WPS is activated on the first device, it presents its PIN to the second device. If the PIN matches, one device sends the network and security information to the other, allowing it to join the network.
Take the following steps to set up a WPS connection between an access point or wireless router (referred to here as the AP) and a client device using the PIN method.
1 Ensure WPS is enabled on both devices.
2 Access the WPS section of the AP’s configuration interface. See the device’s User’s
Guide for how to do this.
3 Look for the client’s WPS PIN; it will be displayed either on the device, or in the
WPS section of the client’s configuration interface (see the device’s User’s Guide for how to find the WPS PIN - for the ZyXEL Device, see
4 Enter the client’s PIN in the AP’s configuration interface.
5 If the client device’s configuration interface has an area for entering another device’s PIN, you can either enter the client’s PIN in the AP, or enter the AP’s PIN in the client - it does not matter which.
6 Start WPS on both devices within two minutes.
7 Use the configuration utility to activate WPS, not the push-button on the device itself.
8 On a computer connected to the wireless client, try to connect to the Internet. If you can connect, WPS was successful.
If you cannot connect, check the list of associated wireless clients in the AP’s configuration utility. If you see the wireless client in the list, WPS was successful.
124
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
The following figure shows a WPS-enabled wireless client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to the WPS-enabled AP via the PIN method.
Figure 54
Example WPS Process: PIN Method
ENROLLEE
WPS
This device’s
WPS PIN: 123456
REGISTRAR
WPS
Enter WPS PIN from other device:
START
WPS
START
WPS
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
SECURE EAP TUNNEL
SSID
WPA(2)-PSK
COMMUNICATION
8.6.7.3 How WPS Works
When two WPS-enabled devices connect, each device must assume a specific role.
One device acts as the registrar (the device that supplies network and security settings) and the other device acts as the enrollee (the device that receives network and security settings. The registrar creates a secure EAP (Extensible
Authentication Protocol) tunnel and sends the network name (SSID) and the WPA-
PSK or WPA2-PSK pre-shared key to the enrollee. Whether WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is used depends on the standards supported by the devices. If the registrar is already part of a network, it sends the existing information. If not, it generates the SSID and WPA(2)-PSK randomly.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
125
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
The following figure shows a WPS-enabled client (installed in a notebook computer) connecting to a WPS-enabled access point.
Figure 55
How WPS works
ACTIVATE
WPS
WITHIN 2 MINUTES
ACTIVATE
WPS
126
WPS HANDSHAKE
ENROLLEE REGISTRAR
SECURE TUNNEL
SECURITY INFO
COMMUNICATION
The roles of registrar and enrollee last only as long as the WPS setup process is active (two minutes). The next time you use WPS, a different device can be the registrar if necessary.
The WPS connection process is like a handshake; only two devices participate in each WPS transaction. If you want to add more devices you should repeat the process with one of the existing networked devices and the new device.
Note that the access point (AP) is not always the registrar, and the wireless client is not always the enrollee. All WPS-certified APs can be a registrar, and so can some WPS-enabled wireless clients.
By default, a WPS devices is “unconfigured”. This means that it is not part of an existing network and can act as either enrollee or registrar (if it supports both functions). If the registrar is unconfigured, the security settings it transmits to the enrollee are randomly-generated. Once a WPS-enabled device has connected to another device using WPS, it becomes “configured”. A configured wireless client can still act as enrollee or registrar in subsequent WPS connections, but a configured access point can no longer act as enrollee. It will be the registrar in all subsequent WPS connections in which it is involved. If you want a configured AP to act as an enrollee, you must reset it to its factory defaults.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
8.6.7.4 Example WPS Network Setup
This section shows how security settings are distributed in an example WPS setup.
The following figure shows an example network. In step 1 , both AP1 and Client 1 are unconfigured. When WPS is activated on both, they perform the handshake. In this example, AP1 is the registrar, and Client 1 is the enrollee. The registrar randomly generates the security information to set up the network, since it is unconfigured and has no existing information.
Figure 56
WPS: Example Network Step 1
ENROLLEE REGISTRAR
SECURITY INFO
CLIENT 1 AP1
In step 2 , you add another wireless client to the network. You know that Client 1 supports registrar mode, but it is better to use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new client since you must connect to the access point anyway in order to use the network. In this case, AP1 must be the registrar, since it is configured (it already has security information for the network). AP1 supplies the existing security information to Client 2 .
Figure 57
WPS: Example Network Step 2
REGISTRAR
EXISTING CONNECTION
CLIENT 1 AP1
ENROLLEE
SE
CU
RIT
Y I
NF
O
CLIENT 2
In step 3, you add another access point ( AP2 ) to your network. AP2 is out of range of AP1 , so you cannot use AP1 for the WPS handshake with the new access
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
127
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN point. However, you know that Client 2 supports the registrar function, so you use it to perform the WPS handshake instead.
Figure 58
WPS: Example Network Step 3
EXISTING CONNECTION
CLIENT 1
EX
IST
ING
CO
NN
EC
TIO
N
AP1
REGISTRAR
CLIENT 2
ENROLLEE
SEC
URIT
Y IN
FO
AP2
8.6.7.5 Limitations of WPS
WPS has some limitations of which you should be aware.
• WPS works in Infrastructure networks only (where an AP and a wireless client communicate). It does not work in Ad-Hoc networks (where there is no AP).
• When you use WPS, it works between two devices only. You cannot enroll multiple devices simultaneously, you must enroll one after the other.
For instance, if you have two enrollees and one registrar you must set up the first enrollee (by pressing the WPS button on the registrar and the first enrollee, for example), then check that it successfully enrolled, then set up the second device in the same way.
• WPS works only with other WPS-enabled devices. However, you can still add non-WPS devices to a network you already set up using WPS.
WPS works by automatically issuing a randomly-generated WPA-PSK or WPA2-
PSK pre-shared key from the registrar device to the enrollee devices. Whether the network uses WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK depends on the device. You can check the configuration interface of the registrar device to discover the key the network is using (if the device supports this feature). Then, you can enter the key into the non-WPS device and join the network as normal (the non-WPS device must also support WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK).
128
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
• When you use the PBC method, there is a short period (from the moment you press the button on one device to the moment you press the button on the other device) when any WPS-enabled device could join the network. This is because the registrar has no way of identifying the “correct” enrollee, and cannot differentiate between your enrollee and a rogue device. This is a possible way for a hacker to gain access to a network.
You can easily check to see if this has happened. WPS works between only two devices simultaneously, so if another device has enrolled your device will be unable to enroll, and will not have access to the network. If this happens, open the access point’s configuration interface and look at the list of associated clients (usually displayed by MAC address). It does not matter if the access point is the WPS registrar, the enrollee, or was not involved in the WPS handshake; a rogue device must still associate with the access point to gain access to the network. Check the MAC addresses of your wireless clients
(usually printed on a label on the bottom of the device). If there is an unknown
MAC address you can remove it or reset the AP.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
129
Chapter 8 Wireless LAN
130
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
C H A P T E R 9
Network Address Translation
(NAT)
9.1 Overview
This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the ZyXEL Device. NAT (Network
Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, for example, the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network.
9.1.1 What You Can Do in the NAT Screens
• Use the NAT General Setup screen (
Section 9.2 on page 132 ) to configure the
NAT setup settings.
• Use the Port Forwarding screen (
Section 9.3 on page 133 ) to configure
forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network.
• Use the ALG screen (
) to enable and disable the SIP
(VoIP) ALG in the ZyXEL Device.
9.1.2 What You Need To Know About NAT
Inside/Outside
Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the ZyXEL Device, for example, the computers of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts.
Global/Local
Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side.
131
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)
NAT
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back,
NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host.
Port Forwarding
A port forwarding set is a list of inside (behind NAT on the LAN) servers, for example, web or FTP, that you can make visible to the outside world even though
NAT makes your whole inside network appear as a single computer to the outside world.
Finding Out More
See
Section 9.5 on page 137 for advanced technical information on NAT.
9.2 The NAT General Setup Screen
Use this screen to activate NAT. Click Network > NAT to open the following screen.
Note: You must create an IP filter rule in addition to setting up NAT, to allow traffic from the WAN to be forwarded through the ZyXEL Device.
Figure 59
Network > NAT > General
132
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 38
Network > NAT > General
LABEL
Active Network
Address
Translation
Apply
Cancel
DESCRIPTION
Select this check box to enable NAT.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
9.3 The Port Forwarding Screen
Use this screen to forward incoming service requests to the server(s) on your local network.
You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server. The port number identifies a service; for example, web service is on port 80 and FTP on port 21. In some cases, such as for unknown services or where one server can support more than one service (for example both FTP and web service), it might be better to specify a range of port numbers. You can allocate a server IP address that corresponds to a port or a range of ports.
The most often used port numbers and services are shown in Appendix F on page
305 . Please refer to RFC 1700 for further information about port numbers.
Note: Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to your ISP.
Default Server IP Address
In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server IP address. A default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in this screen.
Note: If you do not assign a
Default Server
IP address, the ZyXEL Device discards all packets received for ports that are not specified here or in the remote management setup.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
133
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)
Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding (Example)
Let's say you want to assign ports 21-25 to one FTP, Telnet and SMTP server ( A in the example), port 80 to another ( B in the example) and assign a default server IP address of 192.168.1.35 to a third ( C in the example). You assign the LAN IP addresses and the ISP assigns the WAN IP address. The NAT network appears as a single host on the Internet.
Figure 60
Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example
A=192.168.1.33
LAN WAN
B=192.168.1.34
192.168.1.1
C=192.168.1.35
D=192.168.1.36
IP Address assigned by ISP
9.3.1 Configuring the Port Forwarding Screen
Click Network > NAT > Port Forwarding to open the following screen.
See Appendix F on page 305 for port numbers commonly used for particular services.
Figure 61
Network > NAT > Port Forwarding
134
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 39
Network > NAT > Port Forwarding
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Default Server Setup
Default Server In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A default server receives packets from ports that are not specified in this screen. If you do not assign a Default Server IP address, the ZyXEL Device discards all packets received for ports that are not specified here or in the remote management setup.
Port Forwarding
Service Name
Server IP
Address
Select a service from the drop-down list box.
Enter the IP address of the server for the specified service.
Add
#
Active
Click this button to add a rule to the table below.
This is the rule index number (read-only).
This field indicates whether the rule is active or not.
Service Name
Start Port
End Port
Server IP
Address
Modify
Clear the check box to disable the rule. Select the check box to enable it.
This is a service’s name.
This is the first port number that identifies a service.
This is the last port number that identifies a service.
This is the server’s IP address.
Back
Apply
Cancel
Click the edit icon to go to the screen where you can edit the port forwarding rule.
Click the delete icon to delete an existing port forwarding rule. Note that subsequent address mapping rules move up by one when you take this action.
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
135
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)
9.3.2 The Port Forwarding Rule Edit Screen
Use this screen to edit a port forwarding rule. Click the rule’s edit icon in the Port
Forwarding screen to display the screen shown next.
Figure 62
Network > NAT > Port Forwarding: Edit
136
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 40
Network > NAT > Port Forwarding: Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Rule Setup
Active Click this check box to enable the rule.
Service Name Enter a name to identify this port-forwarding rule.
Start Port Enter a port number in this field.
End Port
To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the End Port field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the start port number here and the end port number in the End Port field.
Enter a port number in this field.
To forward only one port, enter the port number again in the Start Port field above and then enter it again in this field.
To forward a series of ports, enter the last port number in a series that begins with the port number in the Start Port field above.
Enter the inside IP address of the server here.
Server IP
Address
Back
Apply
Cancel
Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)
9.4 The ALG Screen
Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). A SIP ALG allows SIP calls to pass through NAT by examining and translating IP addresses embedded in the data stream. When the ZyXEL Device registers with the SIP register server, the SIP ALG translates the ZyXEL Device’s private IP address inside the SIP data stream to a public IP address. You do not need to use STUN or an outbound proxy if your ZyXEL Device is behind a SIP ALG.
Use this screen to enable and disable the SIP (VoIP) ALG in the ZyXEL Device. To access this screen, click Network > NAT > ALG .
Figure 63
Network > NAT > ALG
The following table describes the fields in this screen.
Table 41
Network > NAT > ALG
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Enable SIP ALG Select this to make sure SIP (VoIP) works correctly with portforwarding and address-mapping rules.
Apply
Reset
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
9.5 NAT Technical Reference
This chapter contains more information regarding NAT.
9.5.1 NAT Definitions
Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the ZyXEL Device, for example, the computers of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts.
Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, for example, the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
137
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) packet is in the local network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side.
Note that inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP address of a host used in a packet. Thus, an inside local address (ILA) is the
IP address of an inside host in a packet when the packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP address of the same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table summarizes this information.
Table 42
NAT Definitions
ITEM DESCRIPTION
Inside
Outside
Local
Global
This refers to the host on the LAN.
This refers to the host on the WAN.
This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the LAN.
This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN.
NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host.
9.5.2 What NAT Does
In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side. When the response comes back,
NAT translates the destination address (the inside global address) back to the inside local address before forwarding it to the original inside host. Note that the
IP address (either local or global) of an outside host is never changed.
The global IP addresses for the inside hosts can be either static or dynamically assigned by the ISP. In addition, you can designate servers, for example, a web server and a telnet server, on your local network and make them accessible to the outside world. If you do not define any servers (for Many-to-One and Many-to-
Many Overload mapping – see
), NAT offers the additional benefit of firewall protection. With no servers defined, your ZyXEL Device filters out all incoming inquiries, thus preventing intruders from probing your network.
For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631 , The IP Network
Address Translator (NAT) .
138
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)
9.5.3 How NAT Works
Each packet has two addresses – a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets, the ILA (Inside Local Address) is the source address on the LAN, and the IGA (Inside Global Address) is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the ILA is the destination address on the LAN, and the IGA is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers for
Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload NAT mapping) in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The ZyXEL Device keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this.
Figure 64
How NAT Works
LAN
192.168.1.13
192.168.1.12
SA
192.168.1.10
NAT Table
Inside Local
IP Address
192.168.1.10
192.168.1.11
192.168.1.12
192.168.1.13
Inside Global
IP Address
IGA 1
IGA 2
IGA 3
IGA 4
SA
IGA1
WAN
192.168.1.11
192.168.1.10
Inside Local
Address (ILA)
Inside Global
Address (IGA)
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
139
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)
9.5.4 NAT Application
The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs
(logical LANs using IP alias) behind the ZyXEL Device can communicate with three distinct WAN networks.
Figure 65
NAT Application With IP Alias
9.5.5 NAT Mapping Types
NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are:
• One to One : In One-to-One mode, the ZyXEL Device maps one local IP address to one global IP address.
• Many to One : In Many-to-One mode, the ZyXEL Device maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is equivalent to SUA (for instance, PAT, port address translation), ZyXEL’s Single User Account feature that previous
ZyXEL routers supported (the SUA Only option in today’s routers).
• Many to Many Overload : In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the ZyXEL Device maps the multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses.
• Many-to-Many No Overload : In Many-to-Many No Overload mode, the ZyXEL
Device maps each local IP address to a unique global IP address.
• Server : This type allows you to specify inside servers of different services behind the NAT to be accessible to the outside world.
140
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)
Port numbers do NOT change for One-to-One and Many-to-Many No Overload
NAT mapping types.
The following table summarizes these types.
Table 43
NAT Mapping Types
TYPE
One-to-One
Many-to-One (SUA/PAT)
IP MAPPING
ILA1 äå IGA1
ILA1 äå IGA1
ILA2 äå IGA1
Many-to-Many Overload
Many-to-Many No Overload
…
ILA1 äå IGA1
ILA2 äå IGA2
ILA3 äå IGA1
ILA4 äå IGA2
…
ILA1 äå IGA1
ILA2 äå IGA2
ILA3 äå IGA3
Server
…
Server 1 IP äå IGA1
Server 2 IP äå IGA1
Server 3 IP äå IGA1
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
141
Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT)
142
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
C H A P T E R 1 0
Firewall
10.1 Overview
This chapter shows you how to enable the ZyXEL Device firewall. Use the firewall to protect your ZyXEL Device and network from attacks by hackers on the Internet and control access to it. By default the firewall:
• allows traffic that originates from your LAN computers to go to all other networks.
• blocks traffic that originates on other networks from going to the LAN.
• blocks SYN and port scanner attacks.
By default, the ZyXEL Device blocks DDOS, LAND and Ping of Death attacks whether the firewall is enabled or disabled.
10.1.1 What You Can Do in the Firewall Screens
Use the Firewall
screen ( Section 10.2 on page 145 ) to enable firewall and/or IPv6
firewall on the ZyXEL Device.
10.1.2 What You Need to Know About Firewall
SYN Attack
A SYN attack floods a targeted system with a series of SYN packets. Each packet causes the targeted system to issue a SYN-ACK response. While the targeted system waits for the ACK that follows the SYN-ACK, it queues up all outstanding
SYN-ACK responses on a backlog queue. SYN-ACKs are moved off the queue only when an ACK comes back or when an internal timer terminates the three-way handshake. Once the queue is full, the system will ignore all incoming SYN requests, making the system unavailable for legitimate users.
DoS
Denials of Service (DoS) attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the Internet. Their goal is not to steal information, but to disable a
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
143
Chapter 10 Firewall device or network so users no longer have access to network resources. The
ZyXEL Device is pre-configured to automatically detect and thwart all known DoS attacks.
DDoS
A Distributed DoS (DDoS) attack is one in which multiple compromised systems attack a single target, thereby causing denial of service for users of the targeted system.
LAND Attack
In a Local Area Network Denial (LAND) attack, hackers flood SYN packets into the network with a spoofed source IP address of the target system. This makes it appear as if the host computer sent the packets to itself, making the system unavailable while the target system tries to respond to itself.
Ping of Death
Ping of Death uses a "ping" utility to create and send an IP packet that exceeds the maximum 65,536 bytes of data allowed by the IP specification. This may cause systems to crash, hang or reboot.
SPI
Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) tracks each connection crossing the firewall and makes sure it is valid. Filtering decisions are based not only on rules but also context. For example, traffic from the WAN may only be allowed to cross the firewall in response to a request from the LAN.
RFC 4890 SPEC Traffic
RFC 4890 specifies the filtering policies for ICMPv6 messages. This is important for protecting against security threats including DoS, probing, redirection attacks and renumbering attacks that can be carried out through ICMPv6. Since ICMPv6 error messages are critical for establishing and maintaining communications, filtering policy focuses on ICMPv6 informational messages.
144
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 10 Firewall
10.2 The Firewall Screen
Use this screen to enable firewall and/or SPI. Click Security > Firewall to display the following screen.
Figure 66
Security > Firewall
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 44
Security > Firewall
LABEL
Firewall
Firewall
SPI
IPv6 Firewall
IPv6 Firewall
ICMPv6 Filter
Recommendations
Apply
Cancel
DESCRIPTION
Use this field to enable or disable firewall on your ZyXEL Device.
Use this field to enable or disable SPI on your ZyXEL Device.
Use this field to enable or disable IPv6 firewall on your ZyXEL Device.
Use this field to enable or disable ICMPv6 filter recommendations on your ZyXEL Device.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
Enabling SPI blocks all traffic initiated from the WAN side, including the DMZ, virtual server and ACL on the WAN side.
Enabling IPv6 firewall will filter SYN-Flooding and Ping of Death traffic. Enabling ICMPv6 filter recommendations will filter
RFC4890 SPEC traffic.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
145
Chapter 10 Firewall
146
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
C H A P T E R 11
Filters
11.1 Overview
This chapter introduces three types of filters supported by the ZyXEL Device. You can configure rules to restrict traffic by IP addresses, MAC addresses, IPv6 addresses and/or URLs.
11.1.1 What You Can Do in the Filter Screens
• Use the URL Filter screen (
) to block access to web sites.
• Use the IP Filter
screen ( Section 11.3 on page 149 ) to create IP filter rules.
• Use the IPv6 Filter screen ( Section 11.4 on page 151 ) to create IPv6 filter rules.
11.1.2 What You Need to Know About Filtering
URL
The URL (Uniform Resource Locator) identifies and helps locates resources on a network. On the Internet the URL is the web address that you type in the address bar of your Internet browser, for example “http://www.zyxel.com”.
URL and IP Filter Structure
The URL, IP and IPv6 filters have individual rule indexes. The ZyXEL Device allows you to configure each type of filter with its own respective set of rules.
147
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 11 Filters
11.2 The URL Filter Screen
Use this screen to block websites by URL. Click Security > Filter > URL Filter .
The screen appears as shown.
Figure 67
Security > Filter > URL Filter
148
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 45
Security > Filter > URL Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
URL Filter Editing
Active Use this field to enable or disable the URL filter.
URL Index
Individual active
Select the index number of the filter.
Select Yes to make the filter active and No to make it inactive.
URL
URL Filter Listing
Enter the URL for the ZyXEL Device to block.
Index
Active
This is the index number of the filter rule.
This indicates if the filter is active or not.
URL
Apply
Delete
Cancel
This is the URL you have configured the ZyXEL Device to block.
Click this to save your changes.
Click this to remove the filter rule.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
Chapter 11 Filters
11.3 The IP Filter Screen
Use this screen to create and apply IP filters. Click Security > Filter > IP Filter .
The screen appears as shown.
Figure 68 Security > Filter > IP Filter
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 46 Security > Filter > IP Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Rule Type
Rule Type selection Select White List to specify traffic to allow and Black List to specify traffic to disallow.
IP Filter Rule Editing
IP Filter Rule Index
Active
Interface
Select the index number of the filter rule.
Use this field to enable or disable the filter rule.
Select the PVC to which to apply the filter.
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
149
Chapter 11 Filters
Table 46 Security > Filter > IP Filter
(continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Direction
Rule Type
Source IP Address
Apply the filter to Incoming or Outgoing traffic direction.
Use the IP Filter to block traffic by IP addresses.
Enter the source IP address of the packets you wish to filter.
This field is ignored if it is 0.0.0.0.
Subnet Mask
Port Number
Enter the IP subnet mask for the source IP address
Enter the source port of the packets that you wish to filter. The range of this field is 0 to 65535. This field is ignored if it is 0.
Destination IP Address Enter the destination IP address of the packets you wish to filter. This field is ignored if it is 0.0.0.0.
Subnet Mask
Port Number
Enter the IP subnet mask for the destination IP address.
Enter the destination port of the packets that you wish to filter.
The range of this field is 0 to 65535. This field is ignored if it is
0.
Select ICMP , TCP or UDP for the upper layer protocol.
Protocol
IP Filter Listing
IP Filter Rule Index
#
Active
Interface
Direction
Src Address/Mask
Select the index number of the filter set from the drop-down list box.
This is the index number of the rule in a filter set.
This field shows whether the rule is activated.
This is the interface that the filter set applies to.
The filter set applies to this traffic direction.
This is the source IP address and subnet mask when you select
IP as the rule type.
Dest IP/Mask
Mac Address
Src Port
Dest Port
Protocol
Apply
Delete
Cancel
This is the destination IP address and subnet mask.
This is the MAC address of the packets being filtered.
This is the source port number.
This is the destination port number.
This is the upper layer protocol.
Click this to apply your changes.
Click this to remove the filter rule.
Click this to restore your previously saved settings.
150
P-660HN-Tx User’s Guide
advertisement
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Related manuals
advertisement