Canon F-1N User's guide

Canon
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ads INSTRUCTIONS
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Unfotd the front and back flans of this booklet tor
| easy reference while you read the instructions
Nomenclature
Shutter Dial -. — -- — Index
Film Advance Ll ever
Flash Sync Contact
AE Set Ры or AE Finder FMI
Accessory Shoe
Film Rewend Laver
Fincher Release Button
agil timer Lock Lever
Rewind Crank
Frame Counter
Aewind Enob
Shutter Button Exposwe Compensation Dial
Action Grip
(Battery Chamber Cover]
Safety Stopper
Exposure Compensation
Lock Release Button
ДЕ Lock. Pim =
ES ы
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Siop-dowen Slide —
= Iieoination enclos
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Aperture Hana Battery Check Button
Ornth-of-Field Scala — Mount Positioning Point
Focusing Ring —— - = Bayona?
Thank you for purchasing the Canon F-1. A
combination of sophisticated electronics, pre-
cision machining and the latest optical tech-
nology has made it one of the most advanced
cameras available today. Yet, its design is
basic, its operation simple, and it embodies all
of the elements necessary for professional use.
With the F-1, Canon has achieved a balance
between the electronic and mechanical worlds,
lts electromechanical hybrid shutter, for exam-
ple, provides greater overall accuracy and a
wider range of shutter speeds. And if the bat-
tery fails, you can continue shooting at any of
the high speeds or B; all of which are mechani-
cally controlled.
Canons most advanced optical technologies
are evident in the F-1's exposure metering
system. A special optical elament incorporated
in each focusing screen controls the metering
sensitivity distribution. Three different areas,
center-weighted average, selective-area and
spot metering, are available to help you refine
your metenng techniques,
By attaching the AE Power Winder FN or AE
Motor Drive FN, you have the complementary
advantages of automatic film advance at a
maximum two or five frames per second re-
spectively, and shutter-priority AE, For opti-
mum control of depth of field, aperture-priority
AE and stopped-down AE are possible with the
AE Finder FN. Manual exposure is still readily
available without removing either accessory.
Being a system camera, the F-1 is designed for
versatility and growth. It is compatible with a
complete series of interchangeable accessories,
as well as over 50 FD lenses.
Thus you can build a system as comprehensive
as your individual needs.
For the fullest understanding of your F-1,
please read this instruction book with the
camera at hand.
Attaching the Lens. ....,..,.....6—7 AE:Finder FIN coo 40—44
0 A a Pe 8-10 Shutter-priority AE............. 44—46
Shutter Release and Self-timer/ Meter Coupling Range........--. 47
Lock Lever... use WM Metering Sensitivity Áreas ....... 48—50
Film Ada... cera 12 Interchangeable Focusing Screens. 51—65
Holding the Camera ............ 13 Exposure Compensation ......... 56-~60
PORN oa sae ead peste D ат Rewinding the Film.............. 60—61
Loading the АНИ: зе. 16—17 Checking Depth of Field ......... 6263
Setting the 150 Film ds REN 18—19 ом: A aa . 64—65
Frame Counter .................20-~—21 Multiple Exposures............. . 67—53
Exposure 22 Flash Photography...-...--..-.. 70-74
STEN ico 23—24 Infrared Index Mark ............ .75
How to Choose a Shutter Speed. . 25—26 Shooting with Close-up
а TL CO 27—28 Accessories.......... peewee 1678
Exposure Modes... .....-...-... 29—31 System Accessories..........-.. 81-83
Meter Mode Selector............32~—33 Spécifications coco ees ee 84—87
Which viewfinder did you purchase? Caring for your Camera.......--- 88—89
Eye-Level Finder РМ -..:...... 36-39
To remove the body cap, tum it counterclock-
wise until it stops and pull it off. To reattach,
align the red dot on the cap with the cameras
red dot. Then lightly push the cap in and turn rt
fully clockwise.
Turn the rear lens cap in the direction of the
arrow until it stops and pull it off. To reattach,
align the arrow on the cap with the lens’ red
dot. Then lightly push the cap in and turn it fully
clockwise.
To mount the lens, align its red positioning
point with the camera's red dot and tum the
lens in the direction of the arrow until it stops
and the lens release button pops out. To
remove the lens, turn it counterclockwise while
pressing the lens release button
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CAUTION
Do not mount the lens if the red dot inside the
camera mount and the red line on the stop-down
slide are showing. In this case, push in the stop-
dawn slide so that it locks in the normal (retracted)
position and these warning marks can no longer be
sen
The following lenses cannot be mounted on the
Canon F-1:
FL 19mm #/3.5 A 100mm f/2
FL 58mm f/ 1.2 FLP 38mm f/2.8
A 50mm f/1.8
A 58mm f/ 1.2
A 100mm f/3.5
. Do not push the stop-down slide while advanc-
ing the film. Otherwise, it may be impossible to
mount the lens.
Do not press the lens release button while
mounting the lens or it may not pop out, thus
causing the lans to work incorrectly
I. Loading the Battery
The action grip of the camera also serves as à
battery chamber cover and therefore must be
removed to load a battery. To do this, press the
release button and lift up the grip.
Use one of the batteries listed below or an
equivalent of another brand:
To ensure proper contact, wipe the battery ter-
minals with a clean, dry cloth before loading.
Load a new battery so that its terminais are in
the directions indicated by the diagram inside
the battery chamber, Insert the negative end
first, then push down and insert the positive
end. The camera will not function if the battery
is loaded incorractly.
Then slide the action gnp's tab into the guide
hole as shown, and lower the grip until it locks
in place.
I. Checking the Battery
The battery can be checked with the shutter
dial at any setting other than “A”, and at any
50 film speed setting. With the shutter dial on
“BY”, battery check 15 possible only after the
film has been advanced. To check the battery,
press the check button for about three seconds
while looking in the viewfinder. Battery power
is sufficient when the meter needle is above
the battery check index. The weaker the bat-
tery, the lower the needle. However. even if the
battery 15 weak, exposure will still be correct as
long as the shutter is released when you press
the shutter button.
10
| | OK. |
8
5 “D
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T Battery Check Index
lf the mater needle rests at or below the index,
the battery is almost exhausted. In this case,
have a new battery ready.
With normal use the battery should last about
one year. Battery power may decrease,
however, at temperatures below 0° C (32° Fl
In this case, load a new battery and keep the
camera warm until you are ready to shoot. Do
not throw the original battery away; keep it as a
spare. Alternate the two batteries, keeping the
one that is not in use warm. Although a battery
may not perform well in the cold, it may work
normally again at higher temperatures. Lithium
batteries are recommended for use at low tem-
peratures.
Notes
1. Remove the battery if you do not expect to use
the camera for about three weeks or longer.
2. Do not try to take the battery apart and never
dispose of it ın fire.
Try to make a Наби of checking the battery at the |
following times: |
After loading a new battery.
lf the shutter wall not function with the self-
timer lock lever on “A.”
Before and after making many long exposures
at slow speeds other than "B."
When you are using the camera at low tem-
peratures.
When the camera is used frequently.
After stoning the camera for a long time.
Before going on à trip.
Be ae Мг
Betore shooting important events, |
— 10
The battery check button also serves to cancel
the self-timer, meter reading, illumination of
viewfinder information ("LIGHT setting of
meter mode selector), and shutter operation
during long exposures. The circuit is cancelled
the moment you press the button, and the
second curtain will close when you remove
your finger. The shutter will not be released if
you press the shutter button while pressing the
battery check button.
The self-timer lock lever of the camera has
three settings. With the lever at “A,” press the
shutter button halfway to activate the meter.
To release the shutter, gently press the shutter
button all the way down. When the level is at
"L,” the shutter button is locked. H is advisable
to tum the lock lever to “L” when the camera is
not in use to prevent accidental shutter release
and battery consumption. With the lever at
"5, the camera's 10-second self-timer can be
activated simply by pressing the shutter button.
For further details on self-timer photography.
refer to p. 64.
shutter release is electromagnetic as long as
there is a battery in the camera. Once the bat-
tery is removed, the camera switches to me-
chanical release, and only those speeds which
are mechanically controlled can be used.
The shutter button has a threaded socket in the
center to accept a standard cable release.
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First push the advance lever out to its 30°
stand-off position. To advance the film, tum
the advance lever all the way to the nght in one
continuous 139° stroke or several short ones.
This also cocks the shutter and prepares the
diaphragm and mirror for the next shutter
release. The film must be advanced fully to the
next frame or the shutter will not release.
The best way to prevent image blur from
camera movement is to hold the camera as
steady as possible, with your left hand support-
ing the camera and lens, Lightly rast your right
index finger on the shutter button, and the tip
of your thumb on the film advance lever or on
the body. Wrap your other right fingers around
the action опр. Then press your left albow to
your body and lightly press the camera against
your cheek or forehead. For a vertical shot,
steady at least one elbow against your body.
Spread your feet slightly apart, one foot ahead
of the other, and relax, Lean against a steady
support if one is available.
==
There is, of course, no one correct way to hold
the camera. Experiment to find the most suita-
ble way for you. Select a method that provides
comfort in addition to stability. It may help to
practice in front of a mirror,
When shooting at a shutter speed of 1/30 sec.
or slower or with a telephoto lens, it 13 advisable
to mount the camera on a tripod. If the tripod
screw is especially tong, be careful not to screw
it in beyond the limit of the cameras tripod
socket.
Laser-matte screen (F) Stopped-down metering ‘battery check index
Microprism rangefinder = Aperture needle
New split rangefinder Underexposure warning mark (when using 11.4 lans)
Overexposure warning mark Ch Shutter speed display
Meter Needle
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out of focus
Turn the focusing ring of the lens as you look in
the viewfinder until the main subject is sharp.
The three focusing aids of the standard screen
can be used alone or in combination according
to the subject and your own preference.
Note
The Canon F-1'% focusing screen, which makes
precisa focusing possible, also determines the
metering sensitivity area. There are 13 types of
focusing screens and three different metering
areas optionally available to suit your particular
focusing and metering requirements, See pp. 51—
35 for further details:
1. New Split Rangefinder
The new split-image rangefinder divides the
subject in half horizontally and is especially
useful fora subject which has vertical lines. The
subject is in focus when the two halves merge
to become one unbroken image. When using a
lens with a maximum aperture of $156 or
smaller, one-half of the split-image rangetinder
may take on a slight color.
2. Microprism Rangefinder
When the subject is out of focus, the micro-
prism ring breaks the subject into tiny frag-
ments, causing a shimmenng effect, lt is clear
and steady when your subject is in focus.
3. Laser-matte Screen
The laser-matte screen appears fuzzy until the
subject 15 in focus. lt 15 particularly effective
when you are using accessones for copying or
close-ups.
| Mote |
Ten eyesight correction lenses from +3 to -4
diopters are available They may make viewing and
focusing easier if you are near- ог tarsighted |
Choose the one closes! to your eyeglass pre-
sonption, then make a practical test if possible
hi _—
Pressing the safety stopper, pull up the rewind
knob until the camera back pops open. Be sure
to shield the film from direct sunlight while
loading. Place the cartridge in the film chamber
as shown. Then push down the rewind knob,
turning it until it drops into its normal position
Note
Remove the plastic insert from the pressure plate
| before inading the first film cartridge
Pull the film leader across the camera and insert
the tip into any slot of the take-up spool.
Advance the film once. Make sure the sprocket
teeth engage the film perforations.
The film should be taut. If there is any slack,
unfold the rewind crank and gantly tum it in the
direction of the arrow until it stops. Note that
the rewind crank must be unfolded before you
turn it; otherwise, the knob will turn freely.
Then fold the rewind crank back in. Close the
camera back.
Take several blank shots, releasing the shutter
and advancing the film until the frame counter
reaches 1.” While doing this, keep an eye on
the rewind knob. If it rotates in the direction of
the arrow, the film is loaded correctly
| CAUTION
attaching the AE Motor Drive EN
NEVER remove the cameras rewind coupler cover
from the baseplate when film is loaded in the
camera. This will expose the film to light. It is not
necessary to remove the coupler cover except for
Turn the setting dial, while pressing the lock
release button, until the desired film speed
aligns with the index. The dial cannot be turned
lower than ISO 6 or higher than 150 6400, The
table on the next page shows the [SO film
speeds which can be set on the Canon F-1. Fig-
ures in perentheses are intermediate speeds
which are indicated by dots on the 150 dial.
ISO is a numerical rating of the film's sensitivity
to light. The higher the number, the faster the
film and the more sensitive it is to a given
amount of light as compared to a film with a
lower number. The film manufacturer's 150
rating can be found on the film cartndge, the
carton, and the data sheet.
E. + Zoe "26 5 = 80 2 2 100 + + 900 +
s AN] =
161110} (VEMZO 132/20) (BAAD! MP 12601320) 15007640}
go + с 1600. + 9300 + 6
100011250 (20002500: MODE
A new set of film-speed Standards has been
established by the Intemational Standards
Organization (ISO) in which both an arithmetric
value (equivalent to ASA) and a logarithmic
value (equivalent to DIN) are used to express
film-speed ratings.
In the following example note that the number
after 150 is the equivalent ASA number, and
the number before the degree symbol {+} is the
equivalent DIN number.
150 100/21"
ASA 100/21 DIN
All references to film speed in the ramaining
sections of this manual are expressed | in 150.
— [9
Each time you advance the film, the frame
counter also advances to the next number, It
can count up to 39 frames. The numbers 1, 12,
20, 24 and 36 are in orange, the latter four to
call your attention to the fact that rolls with
those numbers are or are almost finished. The
frame counter automatically returns to “5”
when you open the camera back. During multi-
ple exposures, the frame counter advances
each time you wind the advance lever.
The Canon F-1 will also accept bulk film loaded
into standard cartridges. In this case, be sure to
trim the leader as shown before loading it ınto
the camera.
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ILM FOR COLOR PAIN
46 EXPOFUREI
Memo Holder
The camera back has а memo holder, lt conve-
niently holds the end of the film box as a
reminder of the type of film in use and the num-
ber of exposures.
— 31 —
The amount of light that exposes a frame is
determined by the aperture and shutter speed.
The size of the apertura controls the amount of
light allowed to reach the film, while the shutter
speed controls how long the light strikes the
film. For the same exposure, a change in shutter
Speed requires an equal and opposite change in
aperture, and vice versa. There are usually
several combinations of shutter speed and
aperture which will give the same exposure. If,
for example, the meter indicates that exposure
will be correct at f'd and 1/60 sec. you usually
have other combinations to choose from. Some
of the combinations in this example include
{15.6 at 1/30 sec. and f/2.8 at 1/125 sec.
The two main considerations involved in select-
Ing one particular combination over the others
are the subjects motion and depth of field;
each of these affects the way a picture will
look. You can control the affect of a picture
simply by choosing a certain shutter speed and
aperture combination, The next three sections
provide information which you may find useful
whether you are using the camera manually or
automatically with an AE accessory.
The Canon F-1's hybrid shutter is slactronically
as well as mechanically controlled. Shutter
speeds from 1/2000 to 1/125 sec. "4"
(1/90 sec) and “В” (bulb) are mechanically
governed, while 1/60 to В secs. are electroni-
cally controlled. With the AE Finder FN attached
and the shutter dial on “A” shutter speeds
from 1/1000 to 8 secs. are electronically con-
trolled.
The shutter dial of the camera has settings
from 2000 to 8, "AL "#5." and “В.” The slow
shutter speeds from 2 to 8 seconds are in
yellow, while shutter speeds from 1 to 1/2000
sec. are in white. The white numbers are
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reciprocals of the true shutter speeds; ''125."
for example, indicates a speed of 1/125 sac.
Intermediate settings on the dial cannot be
used, and the dial cannot be tumed between
"В" and “A.”
The red “A” is for shooting in the aperture-
priority and stopped-down AE modes with the
Canon AE Finder FN attached. For this setting,
pull up the outer ring and turn the dial until “А”
is aligned with the index on the finder. A scale
with shutter speeds from 8 to 1/7000 sec. will
now be displayed below the field of view as
long as the AE Finder FN is attached.
The "+" setting is for synchronized flash
photography at an X sync. speed of 1/90 sec. It
is not necessary to set the shutter dial to “4”
when using a dedicated Canon Speedlite; once
the Speediite’s pilot lamp glows, the camera
automatically switches to 1/80 sec. provided
the shutter dial is not on “В.”
When the shutter dial is set to “B,"" the shutter
will remain open as long as you press the shut-
ter button. The camera's meter will not give a
reading on “B,” thus AE photography and
match-needle metering are impossible, You will
have to experiment or use a pari Re
meter to ane the best exposure. It i by
The shutter controls exposure by the length of
time it remains open. The basic function of
shutter speed is to provide correct exposure,
but you can also use it to control the expression
of your subject's motion and to control the
effect of camera movement.
1, Freezing Motion
The faster the subject is moving, the higher the
shutter speed required to stop the action. To
freeze the motion of a pedestrian, for example,
choose a speed of at least 1/60 sec.; for a
moving car, as fast as 1/1000 sec. The motion
of the motorcycle in this photo was frozen at
1/2000 sec.
2. Blurring the Subject's Motion
Blurring part of the picture can give a convinc-
ing sense of action. To blur the subject, simply
seta shutter speed which is too slow to freeze
Its action. In this photo it was blurred at 1/15
sec.
3. Panning
You can blur the background while keeping the
subject relatively sharp by “panning.” Choose а
shutter speed suitable for the subject's motion
and release the shutter as you follow the move-
ment, turning the upper part of your body.
Blurring part of the picture can heighten the
sense Of action. In most cases, however, image
blur is undesirable. To avoid blurred pictures
from camera movement, choose a shutter
Speed of at least 1/60 sec. for handheld shoot-
ing with a standard lens.
With a telephoto lens, it is advisable to use
faster shutter speeds. The rule of thumb is to
use a shutter speed no slower than the recipro-
cal of the lens in use. This means that for a
100mm lens, the shutter speed should be at
least 1/125 sec.: for a 500mm lens, it should
be at least 1/500 sec.
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The size of the aperture determines the amount
of light allowed to reach the film. The apertures
are indicated by a series of numbers, called
f'stops or f-numbers, which can be found on
the aperture ring. The smaller numbers are
called large f'stops while the larger numbers
are called small fístops. This is because the
smaller numbers represent larger apertures
which allow more light to pass through the
lens. The largest f/stop on the lens is called the
lens maximum aperture; the smallest f/stop.
the lens minimum aperture. The maximum and
minimum apertures differ depending on the
lens.
Each time you turn the aperture ring from one
f'stop to the next smaller one, the amount of
light allowed through is exactly halved. Using
f/2 as a standard, the amount of light striking
the film will change according to the f'stop
indicated below.
How the Aperture Affects the Picture
In addition te controlling the quantity of light,
the aperture influences depth of field which, in
turn, affects the way a picture will look. When
your subject is in focus, there is a certain area in
front of and behind it which will also be in
focus. This range of sharpness is called depth
af field,
Fstop 12) 14 118) ON 28 4 56 в a 46 2 m
is 3 2 та Vi 112 Wd WE 146 1:32 164 1/128 1/056
1. The smaller the aperture, the wider the
range of sharpness. This is illustrated by the
picture above which was taken at 1/22
Compare it with the photo to its right, This
extended depth of field is especially good
for such subjects as landscapes.
2. The larger the aperture, the narrower the
range of sharpness. An aperture of f:1.4, for
instance, can isolate your subject from its
surroundings. This is often used to blur a
disturbing background in portraiture.
Depth of field is also greater the shorter the
focal length of the lens. A 24mm lens, for
example, will show greater depth of field than a
50mm lens, provided the aperture and shooting
distance are the same. Depth of field is also
greater the longer the shooting distance, and ls
generally greater in the background than in the
foreground by a ratio of two to one.
See p, 62 for procedures on checking depth of
field.
The Canon F-1 is basically a manual-exposure
camera capable of through-the-lens, full-aper-
ture metering and stopped-down metering
with the Eye-Level Finder FN. It can be convert-
ed to automatic exposure (AE) simply by а
taching the suitable AE accessory, such as the
AE Finder FN for aperture-priority AE, or the AE
Power Winder FN or AE Motor Drive FN for
shutter-priority AE, Manual exposure 1$ still
possible with one or both of these accessories
attached.
The following exposure modes are possible
with the Canon F-1:
1. Match-needle Metering
2. Shutter-priority AE
3. Aperture-priority AE
4. Stopped-down (Fixed-index) Metering
5. Stopped-down AE
Detaled information of these modes is pro-
vided in the sections entitled "Eye-Level Finder
FN, "АЕ Finder FN,” and “Shutter-priority AE.”
I. Full-aperture Metering
With a Canon FD lens, metering is done with
the lens at maximum aperture. This is called
“full-aperture metering.” The lens diaphragm
does not close down until the shutter is re-
leased. Afterwards, it reopens automatically to
the maximum aperture. One of the primary
advantages of full-aperture metering is that you
are able to view and meter the subjact with the
viewfinder at its brightest
30
1, Match-needle Metering
Set the desirad shutter speed and turn the lens’
aperture ring until the meter needle bisects the
aperture ring The position of thé meter needle
is determined by the film speed, shutter speed
and the lighting conditions. This manual mode
is suitable for virtually all subjects
2. Shutter-priority AE
set the desired shutter speed and the camera
automatically selects the proper aperture ac-
cording to lighting conditions. This AF mode is
suitable for most subjects butasmeacially useful
in action photography.
{For this mode, the AE Power Wider FN or AT
Motor Drive EN must be attached to the camer
and the lens set to the A mark!
3, Aperture-priority AE
set the lans to the desired aperture and the
camera automatically selects the proper shutter
speed according to the lighting conditions. [his
AE mode is useful for portraiture and still
pnotography such as landscapes where depth
of field is of importance,
(For ths mode. the AE Finder HY must be
attached to the camera and the shutter dial sel
fa Abe
1. .Stopped-down Metering
otopped-down metering is necessary when-
ever you are using a non-FD lens, such as the
Reflex 500mm, which has a fixed aperture, the
TS 35mm lens or any of the older FL lanses. It is
also necessary whenever you insert acces-
sores which do not have a full-aperture signal
pin, such as bellows or extension tubes, be-
tween the camera body and lens. Stopped-
down metenng 15 possible, though unneces-
sary, with an FD lens, For correct exposure, set
an aperture smaller than 112.8.
For stopped-down metering. the lens dia-
phragm must be closed down (stopped down)
to the working aperture. Since the diaphragm
will open and close as you turn the leans’ aper-
ture ning, depth of field can be easily checked,
1. Stopped-down (Fixed-index) Meter-
ing
Set an aperture and unlock the stop-down slide
by pushing it in and then releasing it, Turn the
shutter dial lor aperture ring) until the meter
needle is in line with the stopped-down meter-
ing index.
2. Stopped-down AE
Set an apertura and unlock the stop-down slide
by pushing it in and then releasing it The
camera will automatically select the proper
shutter speed for the lighting conditions.
This AE mode is especially advantageous in
such fields as photomacrography and photo-
micrography,
For this mode, the AE Finder FN must be
attached to the camera and the shutter dal on
eae]
There are three ways to turn on the meter, each
designed to suit particular metering require-
ments. To set a meter mode, simply turn the
mode selector so that its index aligns with the
desired setting.
NORMAL: The meter turns on only while the
shutter button 15 pressed halfway
lexcept for ''B" and “ £ “ set-
tings on the shutter dial). This
mode is suited for AE photogra-
phy.
HOLD:
The meter turns on the moment
you press the shutter button half-
way and stays on for 16 seconds
even if you remove your finger
from the shutter button. It auto-
matically turns off after the speci-
fied time, thus conserving battery
power, This mode is particularly
suited for manual exposure and
any situation in which you need
more time to meter,
LIGHT: As on “HOLD,” the meter, once
activated, stays on for 16 seconds
even if you remove your finger
from the shutter button, In addı-
tion, the aperture scale in the view-
finder is dluminated for the same
penod of time, This mode allows
you to meter in low-light situations.
in the “HOLD” and “LIGHT” modes, you can
cancel the meter reading any time within the 16
seconds simply by pressing the battery check
button. Each mode is also cancelled when the
shutter is released. If you have turned on the
meter on the “LIGHT” setting and wish to
cancel only the illumination, tum the mode
selector to “HOLD” or “NORMAL.” The meter
will continue to read, automatically turning off
after 16 seconds.
Note
With the AE Finder FN attached and the shutter dial
set to "A, a different scale than that used for
match-nedle metering displays exposure informa-
tion for aperture-priority and stopped-down AE
Consequently. there is no display Hlurmination in the
“LIGHT” mode when the shutter dial is on “A.”
Which viewfinder did you
purchase?
— A
The table below lists the various exposure modes possible depending on which finder and
which accessory, if any, is attached.
F-1 Body
Type of metering F-1 Body only AE Mot 4 ive EN
OLOr rive or
AE Power Winder FN
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Metering Area
I. Match-needle Metering
1. Turn the shutter dial to the desired speed.
2. Look into the viewfinder and focus the sub-
ject.
3. Place your subject so that it fills the rec-
tangular area in the center of the viewfinder.
This shaded portion is the light messuring
area of the camera's silicon photocell and is
12% of the field of view.
4. Turn the meter mode selector to the desired
mode. Then lightly press the shutter button
halfway to tum on the meter,
The meter needle should be outside of the
exposure warning zones. If it is in either zone,
of ane Fstop
_ | ona-halt fístop
2.69
turn the shutter dial until the meter needle
moves out of the one.
5. For correct exposure, turn the lens’ aperture
Notes
1. The aperture needie moves only between the
minimum and maximum apertures of the lens in
ring until the center of the aperture needle use.
aligns with the meter needle. The diameter > The meter does not operate with the shutter
of the circle is equivalent to one fístop, and dial on "B" or ^^ $ *
exposure adjustment is possible in one-half
tístop increments simply by turning the lens
aperture ring.
47
Overexposure
Warning zone
| Underexposure
1 warning zone
Underexposure Warning
The position of the red underexposure warning
mark is determined by the lens maximum арег-
ture. If the meter needle points to the underex-
posure mark, choose a slower shutter speed
until the needie moves away from the mark.
Overexposure Warning
The red marks next to 32, 22 and 16 in the
aperture scale are overexposure waming zones.
Н the meter needie points to one of these
zones, check the lens’ minimum aperture. If, for
example, the meter needle points to the red
zone between f/16 and f/22 and the minimum
38-
aperture is 1/76, turn the shutter dial to a faster
speed until the meter needle points to an aper-
ture of f/ 16 or larger.
П. Stopped-down (Fixed-index) Metering
1. Turn the shutter dial to the desired speed.
2. Look into the viewfinder and focus the sub-
ject.
3. Unlock the stop-down slide. To do this,
push it in and then release it; the slide will
unlock and its red line can be seen. The
aperture needle will disappear from view
with the stop-down slide extended.
4. Turn the aperture ring (ог shutter dial) until
the meter needle is aligned with the stop-
ped-down metering'battery check index.
Choose a slower speed if the meter needle
rests below the index, or a faster speed if
the meter needle rests above the index.
Notes
|. You can also set the aperture first and then turn
the shutter dial until the meter needle aligns
with the index. However, since intermediate
settings on the shutter dial cannot be used,
minor exposure adjustments must be made wih |
the lens’ aperture ring.
2. The height of the stopped-down |
index is equivalent to one-half fístop.
3. When using stopped-down metering: with an
FD lens attached directly to the camera body,
use an aperture of 2.8 or smaller.
AE Finder FN
The primary role of the AE Finder FN is to center-weighted average metering, is sup-
convert the camera to aperture-priority AE plied when the Canon F-1 is purchased ini-
or stopped-down AE. For these two modes, tially with an АЕ. ee ie |
a shutter speed scale and, with a FD lens
mounted, the pre-set aperture are displayed
below the field of view.
Manual exposure is also possible with the.
finder, In manual, the aperture scale and
shutter speed are displayed to the right of
the field of view. Thus AE and manual
modes are clearly differentiated and you
know immediately in which mode the
camera is set simply by the location of the
exposure information.
Focusing Screen FN-AE which provides
I. Aperture-priority AE
1. After attaching the AE Finder FN, set the
shutter dial to “A.” To do this, pull up the Note
outer ring and turn the dial until “A” ts If the shutter dial is set to “A” before the finder is
aligned with the index on the finder. The attached, exposure information will not be dis-
shutter dial cannot be turned between the played, In this case, first turn the shutter cial to
“A” and “B" settings. "2000," then back to "A"
40
. Turn the lens” aperture ring to the desired
aperture.
. Look into the viewfinder and focus the sub-
ject.
‚ Tum the meter mode selector to “A”. Then
press the shutter button halfway to tum on
the meter, Exposure will be correct as long
as the meter needle 15 not pointing to either
of the exposure warning zones. If the meter
needle is in either zone, turn the aperture
ning until it moves out of the zone.
To release the shutter, press the shutter but-
ton all the way down,
There is a possibility of camera movement if
D.
Underexposure warning mark
| Overexposure warning mark
MEAN
the meter needle indicates a shutter speed of
1/30 sec. or slower. In this case, choose a
larger aperture until the shutter speed indicated
is 1/60 sec. or faster. № you have set the max-
imum aperture and the shutter speed is still
slawer than 1/60 sec. attach the camera to a
tripod, use a flash or add artificial light.
On the other hand, if the meter needle indicates
Overexposure even after you have set the
minimum aperture, attach a neutral density
IND) filter to the lens. This wall reduce the
amount of light to the film,
| Notes
| 1, Exposure information will not be displayed with
| а different finder attached and the shutter dial
set on “А.”
2 With a FD lens (without chrome mount ring),
the aperture is displayed adjacent to the shut-
ter speed scale in the viewfinder. К is IMpossl-
ble, however, to read the aperture when using
an FD lens with a chrome mount ring or when
using an extender, extension tubes or other
close-up accessories between the camera
body and lens.
3. И your eye will not be to the ayepiece the
moment you release the shutter, close the |
eyepiece shutter by pushing the laver clock-
wise. This will prevent stray light fram entering
and adversely affecting the exposure.
‚ Stopped-down AE
Following the procedure on p. 40, set the
shutter dial to A.”
Look into the viewfinder and focus the sub-
fact.
_ Turn the lens” aperture ring to the desired
apertura.
- Unlock the stop-down slide. To do this,
push it in and then release it; the slide will
unlock and its red line can be sean.
_ The shutter speed is automatically selected
according to the aperture set on the aperture
ring.
№ the meter needle is in either exposure
warning zone, turn the aperture ring until the
needle moves out of the zone.
Overexposure, underexposure and camera
shake warnings are the same as for aperture-
priority AE. Please see p. 41.
43—
incorrect exposure
4
Correct exposure
Ш. Match-needle Metering
To meter the subject manually, simply dis-
engage the shutter dial from “A.” The shutter
speed scale will disappear, and the aperture
scale and shutter speed display will appear to
the nght of the field of view. Then set the shut-
ter speed and aperture in the usual manner,
matching the meter and aperture needles in the
viewfinder. For further details, see pp. 36—37.
IV. Stopped-down (Fixed-index) Metering
Although stopped-down AE is a much simpler
and faster method of metering, you can still use
fixed-index stopped-down metering. For details,
see p. 39
Note
| Use of the following accessories 15 limited when
the AE Finder FN is attached:
1. Early TS 35mm f/2.8 lenses: The lens shift
knob will touch the finder as you rotate the
lans, preventing full rotation.
2 Early Auto Bellows: The finder will touch the
bellows’ rear standard as you rotate the
camera, making vertical shots impossible.
For details concerning modification of either
accessory, please contact the nearest Canon When the AE Power Winder FN or AE Motor
authorized service facility. | Drive FN is attached to the Canon F-1, a choice
of shutter-priority AE or manual exposure is
ayailable according to the shooting situation
and your personal preference.
For shutter-pnonty AE, simply tum the lens’
aperture ring to the "A" mark and turn the
shutter dial to the desired speed, The aperture
scale and the shutter speed which you have
selected are displayed, as in match-needle
metering, to the right of the field of view: The
aperture needle, however, disappears from
View. When you press the shutter button half-
way, the meter needle will point to the aperture
which the camera has selected automatically. If
the meter needle points to either the over- or
underexposure warning mark, simply turn the
shutter dial until the needle moves away from
the mark.
- 45 —
With both the AE Finder FN and the power
winder or motor drive attached, any of the
Various exposure modes can be used. For aper-
ture-priority AE, first disengage the lens’ aper-
ture ning from the A” mark. Then set the shut-
ter dial to "A," and manually select an aperture.
The camera will select the shutter speed
automatically.
For manual exposure, make sure that both the
lens’ aperture ring and the shutter dial are dis-
engaged from the “A” setting. Then set the
shutter speed and aperture manually, aligning
the two needles in the viewfinder in the usual
Wy,
For further details, see the power dnve's
instructions.
Note
In general, center-weighted average metering is
recommended for AE photography. Please see
p. 49 for further details
EA
1) (21 13}
Socket Covers
There are three socket covers in the baseplate
of the camera. All three must be removed to
attach the motor drive; for the power winder,
only two (2) and (3) must be removed. Do not
remove them unless you intend to attach one of
these AE power drives. Above all, NEVER
remove the rewind coupler cover (1) when film
is loaded in the camera or the film will be
exposed to light.
CAUTION
1, Do not set both the shutter dial and the lens
aperture ring to the’ A’ settings Otherwise, the
lens will stop down to the smallest aperture and
the camera will operate in aperture-priority AE.
Depending on the lighting conditions, this may
result in undesirably stow shutter speeds.
2, After removing the power winder or motor
drive, do not forget to remove the lens’ aperture
ring from the “A” mark or the shutter wall not
release when you press the shutter button,
3. Before attaching the finder or motor drive, wipe
the contacts with a clean, dry cloth to prevent
poor contact from dirt.
A E
Meter Coupling Range EV 20 (1/2000 sec. at f/22). In aperture-
priority AE or stopped-down AE, the coupling
With an FD 50mm #/1.4 lens and ISO 100 film, range is EV-1 to EV 19 (1/1000 sec. at f/22).
the Canon F-1's built-in exposure meter cou- “EV (Exposure Value) is a numerical value of
ples within a range of EV"-1 (4 sec. atf/1.4) to exposure which is based on proper combina-
tions of shutter speed and aperture. The came-
ra s EV coupling range varies with lens speed
AS and ISO film sensitivity.
30 1 12 18 4 ie тов vo ag EY stop
aR sits EE oa Е a
ISSN À
¿8
ыыы si
Shutter Speed 4 4 2 1 2 4 8 163000 is
With the Canon F-1, a special optical element
in each focusing screen determines the meter-
ing sensitivity area. Thus the metering area can
be changed, according to the subject you are
shooting and the lens in use, simply by replac-
ing the focusing screen.
There are three different light measuring areas
available, each designed to suit particular
metering requirements.
1. Center-weighted Average Metering
With this system, the meter reads the entire
viewing area with special emphasis on the
central portion where the subject is most likely
to be. It can be used for general photography,
and is recommended especially for AE photo-
graphy.
2. Selective-area Metering
The selective-area system, with its 12%
coverage, allows you to meter a certain portion
of a scene. it, too, is suited for all-around use,
and is particularly effective for metering high-
contrast scenes, such as landscapes with a
bright sky and backlit subjects. Manual expo-
sure is recommended for optimum results. This
system can be used for AE photography, but
special attention must be paid to ensure that
the subject is within the 12% metering area.
— 4—
3. Spot Metering
Spot metering is ideal for subjects which
require carefully-aimed, precise measurement.
Since the metering area is 3% of the field of
view, you can select a small, exact area from
the overall scene. № is especially advantageous
for metenng inaccessible subjects and when
shooting with a telephoto lens. Also very effec-
tive for stage and close-up photography. This
system is not suitable for AE photography; for
best results, use manual exposure metering.
a
since the optical element is located in close
proximity to the focal plane, this new system of
metering sensitivity distribution ensures ex-
tramely accurate results.
The actual measuring area, which is slightly
shaded, can be seen in the center of the view-
finder with selective-area and spot metering, H
is not visible, however, with center-weighted
average metering.
Since the ideal screen varies with the lens in
use and the photographic field, Canon offers
13 ditferent types of interchangeable focusing
screens for the Canon F-1, All 13 types are
available for both center-weighted average and
selective-area metering. Six types, screens В,
С. EL J and K are available for spot metering
for such specialized fields as photomacrogra-
phy and telephotography.
31
Metering Sensitivity Areas
Each screen is named according to metering
area and type. The three metering areas are
designated as follows
A - Center-weighted Average Metering
P-Selective-area (Partial) Metering
5 - Spot Metering
The last two letters in the screen's name
denote metering area and type of screen re-
spectively. Thus, Focusing Screen FN-PE offers
selective-area metering and is the type E, or
New Split/Microprism, screen,
The thirtean types of screens, each designated
by letter, are shown on the next three pages.
A. Standard Microprism
Laser-matte/fresnel field with microprism rangefinder
spot in the center of the screen. Well suited for
general photography when using an aperture of 15.6
or larger.
B. New Split
Laser-matte fresnel held with split-image rangefinder
spot in the center of the screen. Since darkening of
the center spot rarely occurs even with small max-
imum aperture lenses, this screen is suited for general
applications.
С. Overall Laser Matte
Overall laser-matte/fresnel field. An ideal screen for
photomacragraphy, telephoto photography and
other applications in which an unobstructed view ts
required. Suitable for use with all lenses.
D, Laser Matte with Grid
Similar to C screen, but with horizontal and vertical
reference lines to facilitate accurate image placement.
Especially effective for architectural and commercial
photography as well as copy work. Suitable for use
with all lenses; particularly recommended for TS (Tilt
and Shift} 35mm #/2.8 lens.
E. New Split/Microprism
Laser-matte/fresnel field with split-image spot in the
center and surrounding microprism collar. Provides
optimum flexibility and focusing accuracy with any of
the three focusing aids. Suitable for general applica-
tions. Standard screen with the Canon F-1.
Е. Microprism/Fast Lenses
Similar to À screen, but permits fast and precise
focusing with lenses having maximum apertures of
f1.2—2.8. Unsuitable for slower lenses due to
darkening of the mucrapasm rangefinder,
G. Microprism'Slow Lenses
similar to A screen, but designed for use with lenses
having maximum apertures of f:35—5.8. Recom-
mended for use with telephoto lenses, it allows rapid,
easy focusing without darkening of the rangefinder.
Unsuitable for use with faster lenses because of
focusing inaccuracy.
Н. Laser Matte with Scale
Laser-matte fresnel field with fine matte center spot
plus horizontal and vertical lines in 1mm graduations.
Effective for close-up photography, photomacragra-
phy and photomicrography where the size of the
image of the magnification is of particular concern.
Suitable for use with all lenses.
|. Laser Matte with Double Cross-hair Reticle
Laser-matte'fresnel field with Smm center spot con-
taining double cross-hair reticle. Especially suited for
applications requiring high magnification, such as
photomicrography and astrophotography.
J. Bright Laser Matte/Short Lenses
Overall fine laser-matte/ fresnel field, The brightest of
the laser-matte screens, it allows rapid and easy
focusing without darkening, even when using small
aperture lenses. Especially recommended for focus-
ing a dark subject or in dim light. Also useful when
the lens must be stopped down, as in close-up
applications. Suitable for use with lenses from 15mm
to 200mm; particularly effective with 50mm to
200mm, including macro lenses, Unsuitable for
lenses of 300mm and longer because of darkening at
edges of screen,
K. Bright Laser Matte/Long Lenses
Overall fine laser-matte/fresnel field. Similar to J
screan, but designed for use with lenses of 135mm
and longer, especially useful with lenses of 300mm
and longer. Unsuitable for use with standard or wide-
angle lenses due to darkening at edges of screen.
L. Cross Split
Laser-matte fresnel field with cross split-image in the
center of the screen which divides the subject in half
horizontally and vertically. Suitable for general photo-
graphy when using an aperture larger than 5.6
М. A/B Size Laser Matte
Overall laser-matte/fresnel field with 2x2mm crosses
in the four corners of the screen. Designed especially
for use in the publishing field, it facilitates cropping
when copying printed matter of A or В size.
Changing the Focusing Screen
lf there 15 film loaded, shield the camera from
direct sunlight while changing the screen,
1. First pull the film advance laver out to its 30°
stand-off position. To remove the finder,
press the two release buttons and pull it
Straight back.
2. Insert a fingernail into one of the notches
and lift up the screen.
Note
Focusing screens for the former Canon F-1 and
the Canon F-1 are not interchangeable.
a
- To remove the screen, pick it up by its
frame. Never touch the Fresnel side (the
underside when in the camera). Н finger-
prints should adhere to the screen, it may be
impossible to remove them. To avoid mar-
ring its surface, lay the screen upside down
with the Fresnel! side up.
. Insert the unnotched side (side with screen
name! of a new screen under the metal tab,
and push down the other side until the
screen drops into a fully-seated position,
Aligning the finder with the quide rails, push
tin so that it locks with a click.
With center-weighted average metering, the
camera 5 meter reads the average brightness of
the subjects in a scene, with special emphasis
placed on those in the center. Certain lighting
conditions, however, may necessitate axposure
correction. If there is bright light, such as the
sun or a window, behind the subject, the meter
may be influenced by that light and your sub-
ject will be underexposed. On the other hand, if
you are shooting an actor on a dimly-lit stage,
the mater may be “fooled” and your subject
will be overaxposed. Thus it is preferable,
whenever possible, to meter the part of the
scene which requires the most accurate ex-
f
posure. This is particularly true if the scene has
strong contrasts in brightness.
Sselective-ares metering is less influenced by
the surrounding lighting conditions provided
the main subject covers most of the 12%
metering area. However, if the subject is quite
small, some exposure compensation may still
be necessary.
Since spot metering allows you to select a
small, exact area, His virtually unaffected pro-
vded the subject fills the 3% center spot.
Exposure compensation may also be necessary
if you wish to intentionally overexpose or un-
derexpose the shot for creative effect.
You can compensate exposure in any one of
the following ways:
1. Manual Exposure
2. Exposure Compensation Dial
3. Adjusting the ISO Setting
1. Manual Exposure
After setting the desired shutter speed, turn the
aperture ring until the aperture needia aligns
with the meter needle. You can now over- or
underexpose the subject in one-half fístop
increments simply by tuming the aperture ring
to a larger or smaller aperture. Note that the
diameter of the apertura needie's circle 15
equivalent to one f’stop. This method of ex-
posure correction 18 useful, for example, when
shooting a subject with strong backlight
|
2, Exposure Compensation Dial
The exposure compensation dial allows you to
make exposure corrections in increments as
small as 1/3 fístop. To make a correction,
simply turn the dial. while pressing the lock
release button, until the desired correction
aligns with the index. The whole numbers are
for increasing exposure while the fractions are
for reducing exposure, The numbers ‘2° and
"1/2" are equivalent to one fístop (or one step
of the shutter dial), while "4" and “1/4” are
equivalent to two fístops (or two steps of the
shutter dial). The intermediate settings indicate
increments of 1/3 fístop. The table above
— 65 —
chart 1506 14-12.
ISO 12 114 Парт:
5025-1500: Hé UD: 4.2.4
ISO 3200 je A Gene PC‘
ISO 6400 LL. 2,4
shows which settings can be used depending
on the 150 film speed.
This means of axposure compensation is possi-
ble regardless of the exposure mode, and is
useful for bracketing. It is particularly advan-
tageous for AE photography since it allows you
to adjust the exposure quickly.
IMPORTANT
Once you have made an € e correction, do
not forget er the dial to "1." Otherwise, all
following frames ae tado
3. Adjusting the 150 Rating
You can also correct exposure in manual or AE
by changing the film speed setting on the
camera.
A film with an 150 rating twice that of another
film requires only half the amount of light for
correct exposure. Thus if you have an 150 100
film loaded and you wish to underexpose the
subject one fístop, simply change the 150 set-
ting to 150 200.
№ is possible to over- or underexpose the sub-
ject by up to two fístops using any of these
three methods. For compensating more than
two f'stops, make the adjustment by changing
the ISO rating or by manually setting the aper-
ture and shutter speed.
Note
When it is difficult to determine exactly how much
correction to make, bracket the exposure, using
any of the three methods.
—
| Note
When the Canon screw-in polarizing filter PL-L is
attached, choose the match-needle metering
manual moda).
1. Turn the filters rotating ring unt the meter
needle rises to the highest position or drops to
the lowest position, Note tha positon of the
rotating ring.
… Turn the rotating ring 45° in either direction.
The white cots, which are spaced at 45” inter-
vals on the ning, may be used as a guide.
In that positon, take a meter reading and sel
exposure controls.
Now rotate the polarizer for the desired effect.
Co not readjust exposure controls.
AE photography with the PL-L filter attached is
not possible since exposure will be incorrect.
3.
A.
“Pushing” the ISO Rating
There may be occasions when, due to insuffi-
cient lighting, you are forced to use undesirably
slow shutter speeds. In this case, you can
“push” the 150 setting on the camera to a
higher value. Usually this is done by multiplying
the normal ISO film speed by a multiple of two,
such as two or four. The entire roll of film must
be shot at the “pushed” ISO setting; other-
wise, exposure will not be correct for all frames,
It is also necessary to inform the developing lab
of the change in the 180 rating or the film will
be incorrectly developed. However, since not all
films can be “pushed” with acceptable results,
it is recommended to read the film data sheet or
other photographic literature before you try this
technique.
Gil
When you have reached the end of the film, the
film advance lever will stop before the end of its
stroke.
1. Turn the rewind lever in the direction of the
arrow and push it down until it locks.
2, Unfold the rewind crank and turn it in the
direction of the arrow. You will hear a sound
as you turn the rewind crank which indicates
the film is being rewound. When you no
longer hear the sound, the film is completely
rewound.
3. Pressing the safety stopper, open the
camera back by pulling up the rewind knob
and take out the film. Be sure to shield the
film from direct sunlight while unloading.
Motes
1. If you are not sure the rewind lever is engaged,
or if you have accidentally engaged it, gentiy
press the shutter button and the lever will pop
back up.
2, The frame counter does not count backwards
as you rewind the film.
3, The frame counter will return to "5" and the
rewind lever will automatically disengage when
vou open the camera Dack.
There are two ways to check depth of field, 1. First focus. Then press the shutter button
One 15 by using the depth-of-field scale on the halfway and note to which f'stop the meter
lens. This is a scale of f/stops repeated on each needle points in the viewfinder. Find the two
side of the distance index. ‘stops on the depth-of-field scale which
correspond to that number.
2. Draw imaginary lines from those two num-
bers to the distance scale. The effective
depth of field lies between those two dis-
tances.
b2
You can check depth of field wsually in the
following way:
Focus the subject. Then press the shutter
button halfway and note to which stop the
meter needle points in the viewfinder.
Turn the lens’ aperture ring to that fístop.
Push in and then release the stop-down
Slide so that it unlocks and you can see its
red line. Now, just by looking at your subject
through the viewfinder, vou can see the
range of sharp focus.
After checking depth of field, push in and
then release the stop-down slide.
Note
it is impossible to release the stop-down slide
when the lens” aperture ring is on "A" If vou are
using the Camera in shutter-priority AE, first dis-
engage the lens from A” and set the working
aperture, After checking depth of field, return the
aperture ring to the “A” mark
_ First make sure the film is advanced to the
next frame.
Tum the self-timer lock lever to "5."
Focus the subject and take a meter reading.
Do not set the shutter dial to "EB" because
the self-timer wall not function on this set-
ting.
ha
. Press the shutter button. А “beep-beep”
sound will be emitted. The shutter will be
released automatically ten seconds later. At
two seconds before shutter release, the
camera will begin to beep at a faster rate
. Following exposure, turn the lever back to
"A" or "L” unless you want to use the self-
timer for the next shot.
Notes
1.
In Shutter-prianty AE, the camera is designed to
reflect any last-second changes in lighting and
will not set the exposure until an instant before
the shutter itself is released.
In aperture-priority AE, the camera sets the
shutter speed the moment you press the shut-
ter button. Therefore, do not stand in front of
the lens while you press the shutter button or
exposure may be incorrect.
№ you have started the self-timer and wish to
cancel 15 operation, press the battery check
button
-E5—
Evepiece Shutter
{ your eye will not be to the eyepiece during
shutter release, close the eyepiece shutter to
prevent stray light from entering and causing
underexposure. This is particularly important in
self-timer AE photography, and also applies to
remote control and night photography.
To close the eyepiece shutter, push the lever
clockwise. The red dot is a reminder that the
eyeptece shutter is in place.
ee
Multiple Exposures
mt y
e)
The F-1's provision for multiple exposures
allows you to easily make two or more expo-
sures on the same frame for creative effect.
1, First advance the film to the next frame.
2. Then take up any film slack. To do this,
untold the rewind crank and gently turn it in
the direction of the arrow until it stops.
3. Focus, compose your subject and take the If you have engaged the rewind lever for multi-
picture. ple exposure and wish to cancel it, lightly press
4. Tum and press down the rewind lever in the the shutter button before turning the advance
usual manner; the film will now remain sta- lever. Note that it is not advisable to make
tionary for multiple exposures. multiple exposures on the first or last several
5. Gently turn the film advance lever. This will frames due to possible film curl which may
cock the shutter for the next exposure. adversely affect image registration.
You can make any number of exposures on the Г Wate :
загпе frame simply by repeating steps 3, 4 and Multiple exposures are also possible when the AE
> above in the proper order, Each time you turn Power Winder FN or AE Motor Drive FN is attached
the film advance lever, the camera’s frame to the camera To release the shutter. use either of
counter will advance once. There is, however, a the two shutter buttons of the power drive. To
possibility of slight movement of the film if you peu Le NON al shooting, cap the lens and take a |
make an excessive number of exposures on the | blank shot using the camera’s shutter button |
same frame.
—
Exposure in Multiple Exposures
Generally, the first exposure of a series should
be of a relatively dark subject 50 that the image
in the next exposure will show up clearly. For
best results. it is advisable to decrease the
exposure for each shot. Depending on the
situation, there are several ways to do this. One
way is to change the ISO setting to a higher
value as described earlier. In this method, you
must first decide how many exposures. you
want to make on the same frame. If a double
exposure, make both exposures at twice the
Number of Multiple Exposure Compen-
Exposures sation Scale
Double 172 _
Triple Between 1/2 and 1/4
Quadruple 1:4
normal ISO rating; if a triple exposure, make all
three exposures at three times the normal 150
rating, and so forth.
Another way to correct exposure 15 to use the
exposure compensation dial. This method is the
same as that of changing the ISO. That is, fora |
double exposure, set the dial to “1/2” for both
exposures; for a triple exposure, at the setting
between “1/2” and “1/4”, and so on. Both
methods described above are merely quide-
lines, and your technique will benefit greatly
from practice.
Il. AE Flash Photography with Speediites
1334, 1554, 166A, 1884, 1994. 5336
and 5776.
Once the Speedlite is attached to the camera
and its pilot lamp is glowing, the camera
switches automatically to the X sync speed of
LOO sec. provided the shutter dial is not on “B.”
1354
155% IBEA, |
HE spi
In addition, the meter neadle points simulta-
neously to the aperture which you have set on
the back of the Speedlite. Thus you do not have
to take your eye away from the viewfinder: as
SOON as the meter needle points to the auto
working aperture, the flash is ready. Now
simply turn the lens’ aperture ring until the
aperture needle alıgns with the meter needle,
With the AE Finder FN attached and the shutter
dial on “A,” the camera will switch auto-
matically to the X syne speed of 1/90 sec. and
the meter needle will point to the right of 1/60
sec, Set the same aperture on the lens as that
set on the Speedlite.
re
With the power winder or motor drive attached
and the lens” aperture ring set to the ''A' mark
for shutter-priority AE, the camera will auto-
matically switch the shutter speed to 1/90 sec.
and the aperture to the fístop which you
have set on the Speedlite as long as the shutter
dial is not on “В.”
After the shutter is released, the camera
automatically switches back to the speed
actually set on the shutter dial until the Speed-
lites pilot lamp glows again.
I. Slow-syne Flash Photography
With Speedlites 1994, 533G and 5/76, you
can select a shutter speed slower than 1/90
sec. The advantage of slow-sync flash photo-
graphy is that the background in the picture will
be lighter. You can choose among three work-
ing apertures on each of these Speediites for
optimum control of depth of field. For this tech-
nique, first set the AUTO/MANU switch of the
Speedlite to “MANU.” Then tum the camera's
shutter dial to any speed from 1/60 sec. to 8
seconds. The picture will be taken at the speed
you have set on the shutter dial and the flash
will fire at the release of the first shutter curtain.
If the shutter dial is set to a speed from 1/2000
to 1/125 sec. or “4,” the shutter speed will
automatically switch to 1/90 sec. As in normal
AE flash photography, the meter needle will
point to the aperture which you have set on the
Speedlite as soon as the pilot lamp lights up.
Simply turn the aperture ring until the aperture
needle matches the meter needle.
With the motor drive or power winder attached
and the lens’ aperture ring set to the “A” mark,
the aperture will be controlled automatically as
weil,
Ser
Note
If using a viewfinder which does not have an ac-
| cessory shoe, such as the Waist-Level Finder FN,
connect. the Speedhte to the camera's PC socket
via а Synchronization cord. Then turn the shutter
dial to “E” 11/90 sec.) and set the same aperture
| on the lens a5 that set on the flash unit,
Ш. General Flash Photography
When using an automatic flash unit other than
a Canon Speedlite; first turn the shutter dial to
"$" (1/90 sec). Then turn the aperture ring to
the same aperture which you have set on the
flash. With the shutter dial on ** $,” other types
of electronic flash units can be synchronized
either through the hot shoe or via the PC socket
on the side of the camera. These allow two
separate flash units to be fired simultaneously.
Set the shutter dial according to the informa-
tion in the table on the following page.
13—
When shooting with a flash bulb or a manual
flash unit, calculate the aperture with a quide-
number formula or with the calculator dial if the
flash unit has one, Turn the lens: aperture ring
to that aperture.
Guide Number
Aperture = Shooting Distance
When calculating, make sure that the guide
number and shooting distance are both in the
same unit, whether meters or feet.
Manual flash photography is possible with
Speedlites 1554, 1884, 199A and 5776.
With any of these flash units, the shutter speed
will switch automatically to 1/90 sec. as soon
as the pilot lamp lights up, provided the shutter
dial is not on “В.” The meter needle, however,
will not point to the auto working aperture as in
normal AE flash; instead, it will point to the
overexposure warming zone. Since the meter
needa does not indicate that the flash is
charged, check the pilot lamp to make sure it 1s
glowing before you shoot. Following the proce-
dure above, manually set the aperture on the
lens.
For more details, see the instructions of the
flash.
Synchronized
142000 11000 1500 12125 1/60 1/30 1/75
shutter speeds | 201901 В
FIP a Oo + + оф a
М & МЕ de . о © $
Electronic Flash ix) é & o . ©
CAUTION
It is recommended to use a Canon flash unit on this
camera. Using a flash or flash accessory of another
| make may cause the camera to work improperly or
even possibly damage the camera itself. If you use
a non-Canon flash, tum off the unit before you
attach it to or remove it from the camera's hot
shoe. Before removing the flash, press the flash
test button if it has one to discharge any power
remaining in the capacitor. Or, better still, attach
the flash unit through the camera's PC Socket.
| These are merely precautions: following these
steps will not necessarily prevent the camera from
being damaged by tha flash unit.
=
Infrared Index Mark
Infrared light has longer wavelengths which
focus on a plane slightly behind that of ordinary
visible light. ltis necessary, therefore, to slightly
adjust the focus of the lens when using black-
and-white infrared film. The infrared index mark
engraved on the lens 15 used for this purpose.
After focusing in the usual way, note the small
red dot engraved on the tens barrel to the nght
of the distance index, and turn the focusing ring
to align the focused distance with this dot. For
instance, if the focus is. at 10m on the distance
scale, turn the focusing ring to align the 10m
mark with the red dot. After making this correc-
a
tion, you can release the shutter.
When using black-and-white infrared film, visi-
ble light must be kept out by means of a deep
red filter, such as an АТ or Kodak Wratten 87.
The position of the infrared index mark has
been computed for the use of infrared film with
peak sensitivity at BOOnm, such as Kodak
IR 135.
For further details, refer to the film manufac-
turer's instructions,
With few exceptions (noted in the instructions
for the accessory), stopped-down metering is
necessary whenever you insert an accessory
between the camera and lans for close-up
photography.
1:
№ you insert an accessory designed for
AUTOMATIC diaphragm control, such as
the Auto Bellows or Bellows FL, between the
camera and ANY lens, follow the steps for
stopped-dowmn metering.
М you insert an accessory designed for
MANUAL diaphragm control, such as M
Extension Tubes or Bellows M, between the
camera and a NON-FD lens, follow the steps
for stopped-down metering. Turn the A-M
ring of an FL lens to "М" for taking the shot
inot necessary if Canon Macro Auto Ring
and Double Cable Release are used).
Н you insert an accessory designed for
MANUAL diaphragm control between the
camera and an FD lens, unless you use the
Canon Macro Auto Ring and Double Cable
Release, first set the lens for manual
diaphragm control before mounting it on the
accessory. Then follow the steps for stop-
ped-down metering.
— 77
Note
The instructions with the accessory will tell you
whether or pot manual diaphragm control is
necessary. The procedure differs according to the
type of lens. See pp. 78—79,
Manual Diaphragm Control
FD Lenses without Chrome Mount Ring except for
FD Macro Lenses
1. Insert the slot of the accessory manual
diaphragm adapter aver the tip of the auto-
matic. aperture lever at the rear of the lens.
Push the lever counterclockwise and lower
the adapter into the groove.
78-
4, Mount the lens on the accessory.
The diaphragm blades will now open or
close as you turn the aperture ring.
When the manual diaphragm adapter 15
attached, never mount the lens directly on the
camera or on an accessory designed for
automatic diaphragm control, such as the Auto
Bellows or Bellows FL.
РО Lenses with Chrome Mount Ring and FD Macro
Lenses (except for FD 200mm f/4 Macro Lens)
1. Push the automatic aperture lever at the rear
of the lens counterclockwise until it auto-
matically locks.
2. Mount the lens on the accessory.
Note
some. of these lenses have an additional lock lever
With these lenses, push the automatic aperture
lever fully counterclockwise, then push the lock
lever to “L.”
Be sure to reset the automatic aperture lever to
its normal position before mounting the lens
directly on the camera. In the case of a lens with
a lock lever, switch it back to the position of the
white dot.
Film Plane Indicator
This mark, engraved on top of the camera
body, indicates the exact position of the film
plane. It is useful for measuring the exact
shooting distance from film to subject in close-
up photography. Distances on the lens’ dis-
tance scale are calibrated from this mark. It is
not used in general photography
Note
The aperture nng of an FD lens must be removed
from A before you mount the lens on any of |
these close-up accessones except for FD-U Exten- |
sion Tubes and Extenders FD 2x and FD 1.4x, |
which are designed for normal full-aperture meter- |
ing.
Lö
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ie
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№
ae fh”
1. Canon AE Motor Drive FN
The AE Motor Drive FN is designed as an
integral part of the Canon F-1 system, At-
tached to the camara, this accessory rede-
fines the meaning of automatic in motorized
SLR photography by providing you with
automatic film winding and power rewinding as
well a5 shutter-priority AE, the ideal exposure
mode for sports, action and candid photo-
graphy. Three separate power sources, the Bat-
tery Pack FN, Ni-Cd Pack FN, and the High
Power Ni-Cd Pack FN, are available to suit your
preference and the shooting situation. With
Battery Pack FN or High Power Ni-Cd Pack FN,
RI -
sequential shooting at up to five frames per
second is possible; Ni-Cd Pack FN enables film
advance at 4.5 frames per second, The motor
drive 15 equipped with two shutter buttons for
maximum esse of operation when shooting in
either the horizontal or vertical format, and a
remote control socket,
2. Canon AE Power Winder FN
Designed to increase the versatility of the
Canon F-1, the AE Power Winder FN advances
the film automatically in single-frame or con-
tinuous shooting at a maximum two frames per
second. In addition, it converts the camera to
shutter-prionty AE. The power winder has two
shutter buttons for horizontal or vertical shots.
A socket is provided for any of the various
remote control devices.
2. Canon Film Chamber FN-100
The Film Chamber FN-100 is one of the
system accessories designed for the Canon
F-1. Used in conjunction, the AE Motor Drive
FN and film chamber provide continuous or
single-frame shooting capability of up to 100
frames, as well as shutter-priority AE. Yat it is
suffictently light and compact to afford hand-
held shooting, making it ideal for sports, docu-
mentary and action photography where utmost
mobility is desired. A special grip and shutter
button on the film chamber ensure maximum
ease of handling.
4. Canon Data Back FN
The Canon Data Back FN is a data-recording
accessory designed for use with the Canon
F-1. In addition to the year, month, and day, the
letters A to G in both upper and lower case and
Roman numerals i to X may be imprinted in up
to six characters on the film. Not only can this
accessory be used for recording the data on
photographs, it may also be used to code them
for scientific and other purposes. The data
back $ special direct contact enables data
recording in perfect synchronization with expo-
sure.
5. Canon Wireless Controller LC-1
This remote control device uses infrared light to
control cameras from a distance. The LC-1 is
particularly useful in sports and wildlife photo-
graphy, news coverage and numerous other
fields. The Wireless Controller consists of a
transmitter and a receiver. Up to three cameras
can be operated on three different channels.
= ie eg à
ES
Type: 35mm Acto dina fies (SLA) camera
Format: 24 x 36mm
Interchangeable Lenses: Canon FD (for full-
aperture metering) and Canon FL, A and
non-FD (for stopped-down metering) series
lenses.
Standard Lenses: FD 50mm f/1.2L, FD 50mm
$/7.2, FD 50mm f/1.4 and FD 50mm f/1.8
Lens Mount: Canon breech-lock mount.
Exposure Modes: Match-needle and stopped-
down manual exposure, Shutter-priority AE
possible by attaching AE Power Winder FN
or AE Motor Drive FN and setting lens’ aper-
ture ring to “A.” Aperture-priority AE and
stopped-down AE possible by attaching AE
Finder FN and setting shutter dial to “A.” AE
flash possible with specified Canon Speed-
lites.
Viewfinder: Intarchangeable eye-level pen-
taprism as standard. 97% vertical and
honzontal coverage of actual picture area
with 0.8x magnification at infinity with a
—84—
standard lens, Aperture scale with f'stops
from f/ 1.2 to f/ 32, overexposure and under-
exposure warning marks, meter needle,
aperture needle and battery check’ stopped-
down metenng index are displayed to the
right of the field of view. Shutter speed dis-
played below aperture scale. Speeds include
1/2000 to 1 sec, “¿ “and “В in green: full
seconds of 2, 4 and 8 are in orange.
Viewfinder Wluminator: Provided: illuminates
aperture scala and shutter speed for 16
seconds when meter mode selector is set to
“LIGHT” and shutter button pressed half-
way.
Eyepiece Shutter: Built-in. Keeps out extra-
neous light during self-timer and remote
control operation.
Dioptric Adjustment: Built-in eyepiece ad-
justed to standard -1 diopter.
Focusing Screen: Standard split-image/micro-
prism rangefinder. Twelve other types of
interchangeable screens are optionally
avallable.
Light Metering System: Through-the-lens
(TTL) metering by silicon photocell (SPC).
Metering area 15 determined by special opti-
cal element incorporated m each focusing
screen. Center-weighted average, selective-
area and spot metering are optionally availa-
ble by changing the focusing screen.
Meter Coupling Range: EV -1 (4 sec. at f/1 4)
to EV 20 (1/2000 sec. at f/22) with 150
100 film and FD 5Ómm 11.4 lens.
Exposure Preview: By pressing shutter button
halfway.
Meter Mode: At “NORMAL,” meter activated
as long as shutter button is pressed half-
way. At “HOLD,” meter, once activated,
stays on for 16 sec. At “LIGHT,” meter,
once activated, stays on for 16 secs. and
viewtinder information №5 Wuminated, Can-
cellation possible,
Exposure Compensation Dial: +2 f'stop
range in 1/3 f/stop increments: 1/4. 1/2 .
Е. 2. dE
35
Shutter: Horizontal-travel, titanium focal-plane
shutter with four spindles. Electromechani-
cal hybrid control. Mechanically controlled at
speeds from 172000 to 1/125 sec, “$”
(1/90 sec.) and В. Electronically controlled at
speeds from 1/60 to 8 secs.
Mechanical Shutter Operation: By removing
battery from battery chamber, Only mechani-
cally controlled speeds can be used.
Mirror: Instant-retum type with shock-absorb-
mg mechanism.
ISO (ASA) Film Speed Scale: ISO 6-6400.
shutter Dial: 1/2000 to В sec. “A” (for aper-
ture-prionty AE or stopped-down AE with
AE Finder FN}, “B” (bulb) and” #° (190
sec). Shutter speeds from 1/2000 to 1 sec.,
“+ and “EB are in white, 2 to 8 secs in
yellow and A" ıs in red.
Shutter Button: Two-step button with electro-
magnetic release. Mechanical release when
battery is removed from the camera. Press-
ing it halfway activates meter circuit, press-
ing it fully releases the shutter. Can be
locked by setting self-timer lock lever to
-L. With cable release socket.
self-timer/Lock Lever: Three positions: “A.”
"L” and "Ss." At “L,” the shutter button is
locked as a safety feature. “5” position 15
for self-timer operation.
Self-timer: Electronically controlled. Self-
timer'lock lever set to “5.” Activated by
pressing shutter button. Ten-second delay
with electronic “beep-beep” sound. Number
of beeps emitted per second increases two
seconds before shutter release. Cancellation
possible.
Stop-down Slide: For depth-of-field preview
or stopped-down metering.
Power Source: One 6V lithium (Duracell PX
28L), alkaline-manganese (Eveready [UCAR]
No. A544), or silver oxide (Eveready [UCAR]
No. 544) battery. Battery lasts about one
year under normal use.
Battery Check: By pressing battery check but-
ton. Battery power is sufficient if the meter
needle registers above the battery check
BE
index.
Cancellation of Camera Circuit: By pressing
battery check button. Cancels shutter opera-
tion, self-timer operation, meter reading and
viewfinder dluminatian,
Multiple Exposure: Possible by engaging
rewind lever before winding film advance
lever to recock the shutter.. Cancelled by
lightly pressing shutter button.
Flash Synchronization: Speeds up to 1/90
sec. with electronic flash; FP- and M-sync at
1/30 sec. or shower, Direct contact at acces-
sory shoe for hot-shoe flash. Threaded PC
socket (JIS-B type) for cord-type flash or
multiple flash photography. Accessory shoe
has contact for normal automatic flash and
special contact for AE flash with specified
Canon Speediites.
Automatic Flash: New Canon Auto Tuning
System (New CATS) with specified Canon
>peedlites. Shutter speed is automatically
set to 1/90 sec. with shutter dial at any set-
ting except B. Meter needle indicates auto
working aperture in the viewfinder as soon
as Speedlite's pilot lamp glows. Aperture
controlled automatically when AE Power
Winder FN or AE Motor Drive FN is attached
and lens” aperture ring set to “A” mark.
Siow-Sync Flash Photography: Possible with
speedlites 1994, 533G and 5776. Flash
synchronizes with shutter speed set at slow
settings from 1/60 to 8 secs. Camera
switches automatically to 1/90 sec. when
shutter dial is set from 1/2000 to 1/125
SOC. Or. E”
Gamera Back: Opened by pressing safety
stopper while pulling up rewind knob. Re-
movable for attaching Data Back FN or Film
Chamber FN-100. With memo holder
Film Loading: Via multi-slot take-up spool,
Film Advance Lever: Single-stroke 139°
throw with 30° stand-off. Ratchet winding
possible.
Frame Counter: Additive type. Automatically
resets to “5 upon opening camera back.
Advances during multiple exposures.
— 4 i—
Film Rewinding: By turning rewind lever clock-
wise and pressing it down and turning
rewind crank. Rewind lever automatically
resets when camera back is opened and
when shutter button is lightly pressed.
Other Safety Devices: Camera will not func-
tion when power level is insufficient or when
lens” aperture ring is set to “A” and the
power winder or motor drive is not attached,
Film winding impossible while shutter is in
operation.
Dimensions: 146.7 x 48.3 x 96.6 mm (5-3/4"
x 1-7/8" x 3-3/4") body only.
Weight: 7959 (28 ozs) body only 1.0309
(36-5/16 ozs) with FD 50mm 1.4
Subject to change without notice.
ANTE AA A LEAL
As with any precision instrument, proper care
and maintenance involve a few simple rules in
addition to common sense. Observing these
few rules will keep you Canon F-1 in top condi-
tion at all times.
1. The best thing you can do for your camera is
to use it regularly. In the event that you must
store it for quite a while, first remove it from its
case or camera bag. Remove the battery. Wrap
the camera in a clean, soft cloth and place it in a
cool, dry, dust-free place. If you store the body
and lens separately, attach both the body and
rear lens caps.
2, Keep the camera and lens out of direct sun-
light and away from “hot spots,” such as the
trunk, rear window shelf or glove compartment
of a car. Do not store the camera in a laboratory
or other such area where chemicals may cause
corrosion.
3. To keep the camera in top condition during
prolonged storage, occasionally insert the bat-
tery and take several blank shots to exercise”
the mechanisms. Check the operation of each
— à
part before you use the camera following
storage.
4. Reliable under normal use, your camera can
be damaged by water, excessive spray or
humidity, sand and shock. Clean it especially
well after you use it in an area with excessive
dust or saltwater spray. If you accidentally drop
it in water, it may be irreparable but take it
immediately to an authorized Canon service
facility for inspection.
5. To clean the exterior of the camera body,
first blow off dust with a blower brush. Wipe
off smudges with a silicone cloth or chamois
leather. If smudges remain on the eyepiece
after using a blower brush, wipe it lightly with
lens-cleaning tissue which has been moistened
with a couple of drops of lens cleaner.
6_ If the lens surfaces are clean, yet the view-
finder appears dusty, the picture will not be
affected by the dust in the wewrfinder. № the
mirror gets dirty, it wall not affect pictures but it
may make viewing difficult. Dust it very gently
with a blower brush. If further cleaning is
necessary, take the camera to the nearest
authorized Canon service facility.
7. The film chamber needs cleaning from time
to time to ramove film dust which may scratch
the film. Gently dust it out with a blower brush,
being careful not to press on the film rails, shut-
ter curtain and pressure plate.
8. To clean the lens surfaces, use only a blower
brush, cleaning fluid and tissue made specially
for cleaning camera lenses. Carefully follow the
lens’ instructions.
Using the Camera at Very Low Temperatures
When you use the F-1 in cold conditions, try to
protect it from outside air and avoid extreme
temperature changes. Condansation forming
on a camera and lens taken from subzero out-
side temperatures into a warm room may
cause corrosión. To avoid this, place the
camera in a plastic bag while still outdoors.
Then seal the bag and take it indoors, laaving
the camera in the bag until it gradually reaches
room temperature. Generally, this takes about
one-half hour.
Also, remember that at temperatures below
0°C 652%), battery power may decrease or fail.
Please see page 9 for tips on battery care when
shooting in cold conditions.
№ you are using the camera in conjunction with
the motor drive, the High Power Ni-Cd Pack FN
is the most reliable power source for uninter-
rupted shooting at low temperatures. lt can be
used as the sole power source for both the
camera and the motor dnve by attaching the
Battery Cord C-FN.
Neckstrap
Thread the tips of the neckstrap through the
corresponding rings on the camera so that the
tips are on the inside. Then adjust the neckstrap
to the length most comfortable for you,
E Gz.
TT ips
Nomenclature
Wer Hocker = — Eden Aewind Pin
Evemece Vining Couper Cover
Cyepuce Shutter Lever
Meter Mode Selector >
Weider and Motor”
Drive Terminal
in
PC Socket
Positioning Hole
(for Wunder and
Motor Er!
Rewind Coupler Cover >
AE Coupler Cover “Action Grip
Release Button
Тирон Socket
Lens Release Button
Canon
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