Installation and Operating Instructions

Leader in

Level Measurement

Technical Assistance: 1-800-527-6297

Outside North America: +1-215-674-1234

Installation and

Operating Instructions

DR7100 Series

Guided Radar (TDR) Level Instrument for

Two-Wire Control Systems

U.S. and Canada:

24-Hour Service:

International:

Fax:

1-800-553-9092

1-800-527-6297

+1 215-674-1234

+1 215-674-2731

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: www.drexelbrook.com

AMETEK Drexelbrook makes no warranty of any kind with regard to the material contained in this manual, including, but not limited to, implied warranties or fitness for a particular purpose. Drexelbrook shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the performance or use of material.

Copyright 2007 AMETEK Drexelbrook

EDO #02-07-115

DR7100-LM

ISSUE # 2

DR7100 Series

Guided Radar (TDR) Level Instrument

for

Two-Wire Control Systems

An ISO 9001 Certified Company

205 Keith Valley Road, Horsham, PA 19044

U.S. and Canada: 1-800-553-9092

24-Hour Service:

International:

1-800-527-6297

+1 215-674-1234

Fax:

E-mail:

Website:

+1 215-674-2731 [email protected] www.drexelbrook.com

Contents

Contents

Quick Start ................................................................................................................... QS1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1

Legal Matters ..................................................................................................... 2

Warranty ............................................................................................................. 3

Standards and Approvals ................................................................................... 4

Principal Meter Components and Options ......................................................... 5

Nameplates ........................................................................................................ 6

Items Supplied ................................................................................................... 7

Storage and Handling ........................................................................................ 8

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.2.2

Location ............................................................................................................ 9

All Applications ................................................................................................... 9

Installation relative to other tank components .................................................. 16

Liquid applications ........................................................................................... 19

1.2.3 Solid Applications ............................................................................................. 24

1.3

1.4

Typical installations ......................................................................................... 26

Other important information ............................................................................. 39

2.0

2.1

2.1.2

2.2

3.0

3.1

Electrical connection ..................................................................................... 41

Wiring ............................................................................................................... 41

Wiring Procedure ............................................................................................. 42

Power supply .................................................................................................... 46

Commissioning .............................................................................................. 53

Power-on and start-up ..................................................................................... 53

4.0

4.1

4.1.2

4.1.3

4.1.4

4.1.5

4.1.6

4.2

Operation ........................................................................................................ 55

Operating concept ............................................................................................ 55

Display screen ................................................................................................. 56

Normal mode ................................................................................................... 58

Normal mode hot keys ..................................................................................... 62

Program mode ................................................................................................. 63

Program mode hot keys ................................................................................... 67

Setup ................................................................................................................ 68

4.2.1 Device display .................................................................................................. 68

4.2.2 Quick setup: setup modes ................................................................................ 68

4.2.3 Summary of menu items (device display Wizard) ............................................ 79

4.2.4 Advanced setup: further notes ......................................................................... 93

4.3 Error messages and troubleshooting (device display Wizard) ....................... 110

5.0 Functional checks ........................................................................................ 117

6.0

6.1

6.2

Service and maintenance ............................................................................ 119

General notes ................................................................................................ 119

Signal converter replacement Procedure ....................................................... 120

7.0 Technical data .............................................................................................. 121

7.1.1 Technical data ................................................................................................ 121

7.1.2

7.1.3

7.2

Blocking distance ........................................................................................... 125

Hazardous areas ............................................................................................ 126

Dimensions and weights ................................................................................ 127

8.0

8.1

8.2

Measuring principle ..................................................................................... 129

General principle ............................................................................................ 129

Measuring modes .......................................................................................... 130

9.0

10.0

Approvals ...................................................................................................... 133

Factory Assistance ...................................................................................... 135

11.0 Control Drawings ......................................................................................... 137

Appendix A: ....................................................................................................................A1

A-1 Mechanical Installation ..................................................................................... A3

A-1.1 Precautions ...................................................................................................... A3

A-1.2 Operating conditions ........................................................................................ A3

A-1.1.2 Electrostatic Discharge .................................................................................... A3

A-1.2 Operating conditions (Continued) .................................................................... A4

A-2 Electrical connection ........................................................................................ A5

A-2.1 General notes .................................................................................................. A5

A-2.2 The terminal compartment cover ..................................................................... A5

A-2.2.1 Opening the cover ............................................................................................ A5

A-2.2.2 Closing the cover ............................................................................................. A5

A-2.3 EEx i equipment ............................................................................................... A6

A-2.3.1 Wiring ............................................................................................................... A6

A-2.3.2 Supply voltage ................................................................................................. A6

A-2.4 EEx d [ia] equipment ........................................................................................ A7

A-2.4.1 General notes .................................................................................................. A7

A-2.4.2 Wiring ............................................................................................................... A7

A-2.4.3 Supply voltage ................................................................................................. A7

A-2.4.4 Power supply .................................................................................................... A8

A-3 Commissioning .............................................................................................. A10

A-4

A-5

Service and maintenance .............................................................................. A10

Examination Certificate .................................................................................. A11

Quick Start

Quick Start

DR7100 Radar Level Measurement System

Measurement of distance, level and volume of liquids, slurries and solids

• Easy installation

• Wizard driven

• Service and maintenance-free

General

For in-depth information please consult the hand-book, data sheet, special manuals and certificates supplied.

Installation, assembly, commissioning and servicing must only be undertaken by trained personnel. Maintenance which is considered relevant to safety in the sense of explosion protection must only be carried out by the manufacturer, his agents or under the supervision of experts.

For use in hazardous areas, special codes and regulations are applicable, which are supplied in a separate document that describes all hazardous area relevant information.

Responsibility as to suitability and intended use of this device rests solely with the user. The supplier does not accept any liability resulting from misuse by the customer. Improper installation and operation may lead to loss of warranty. In addition, the “General conditions of sale”, found on the back of the invoice and forming the basis of the purchasing contract, are applicable.

If you need to return the device to the manufacturer or supplier, please complete the form in Section 9.0 and attach to the device. Drexelbrook regrets that it cannot repair or check your device unless accompanied by this completed form.

Items supplied

If applicable

QS1

D7100 Series - TDR Level Instrument - User's Manual

Visual check

Handling and installation instructions

QS2

Handling and installation instructions

h > ød h

ød

Quick Start

Antenna must not touch nozzel

+80°C / +175°F

-40°C / -40°F max. 200°C / 392°F min. -40°C / -40°F Viton min. - 20°C / -5°F Kalrez 6375

QS3


Installation Instructions - Liquids

Install away from entry pipe.

QS4

Install means of deviating product if impossible to distance from entry pipe

Special considerations

R/2 R

Quick Start

Anchoring not recommended when probe length > 10 m or

33 ft.

Grounding

(If Anchored)

QS5

Avoid electrostatic discharge ESD by grounding tank, product and probe installation.


Special considerations

Too many objects close to probe: either move or use another means of installation

(such as bypass chamber, stilling well)

Anchor probe when product turbulent

QS6

Stilling wells and bypass chambers

Foam use stilling well

Quick Start

QS7


Dimensions and Weights

Single Rod

8mm / 0.3"

182

7.2"

122

4.8"

180

7.1"

Note:

Cable glands are not delivered with the device

Thread

G 3/4"...1 1/2"

NPT 3/4"...1 1/2"

Flange

DN25...DN150

ANSI 1"...6"

Double Rod

8mm / 0.3"

Coaxial

22mm / 0.9"

Single Cable

4mm / 0.15"

8mm / 0.3"

Double Cable

4mm / 0.15"

L L L L L

Bottom

Measurement

Limit

L = Ordered Probe Length

Housing and Connection (316 SS)

Housing

[kg]

3.3

[lb]

7.3

Flange connection DN 25…80 / ANSI 1”…3” 4…7 8.8…15.4

Flange connection DN 100...150 / ANSI 4”…6” 7…12 15.4…26.5

Thread connection

Probes

Single cable 4mm or 0.15”

3

0.12

6.6

[kg/m] [lb/ft)

0.08


Double cable 4mm or 0.15”

Single rod 8mm or 0.3”

Double rod 8mm or 0.3”

Coaxial 22mm or 0.9”

0.41

0.24

0.41

0.82

0.79

0.28

0.16

0.28

0.56

0.53

*

Note:

Wide range of counterweights and anchoring solutions available.

Only single cable 8mm / 0.3"

(solids application)

QS8

Quick Start

Terminal Compartment and Terminals

Connection procedure

• Unscrew terminal compartment cover.

• Wire up using standard procedures.

• Observe correct polarity!

• Apply grease to thread of cover regularly.

Output 1

4 - 20 mA HART®

or

3.8 - 20.5 mA

Acc. to NAMUR NE 43

Non-Ex

HHC

Min. 250

Ω

HART®

Modem

HART®

Configuration

Software

I

L -

L +

Explosion Proof (XP) / Ex d

Ex Non-Ex

HHC

Min. 250

Ω

HART®

Modem

HART®

Configuration

Software

I

L -

L +

Intrinsically Safe (IS) / Ex i

HHC

Min. 250

Ω

HART®

Modem

HART®

Configuration

Software

I

L -

L +

Ex Non-Ex

Note: Other options to connect the HHC and modem to the HART ® loop are available.

QS9


Technical data extract

Input

Function Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)

Parameter Level, distance, volume and / or interface

Max. measuring range Double rod 8mm / 0.3” 4m / 13ft

Single rod 8mm / 0.3” 4m / 13ft

Coaxial 22mm / 0.9” 6m / 20ft

Double cable 4mm / 0.15” 35m / 115ft

Single cable 4mm / 0.15” 35m / 115ft

Single cable 8mm / 0.3” 35m / 115ft

Output Signal

Output signal 1

Output signal 2

(Optional)

4 - 20mA HART® or 3.8 - 20.5 mA acc. to NAMUR NE 43

4 - 20mA or 3.8 - 20.5 mA acc. to NAMUR NE 43

Accuracy

Resolution

Temperature Drift

Error Signal

Max. Load

0.05% (rel. 20 mA; 20°C / 68°F)

±2 µA

Typically 50 ppm/K

High: 22 mA; Low: 3.6 mA acc. to NAMUR NE 43

350 ohm

Measuring Accuracy - Reference conditions acc. to IEC770

Temperature

Pressure

+20°C ±5°C / +68°F ±9°F

1013 mbar abs. ±20 mbar

Relative Humidity

Resolution

Accuracy

Liquids

Powders

Interface

14.69 psig ±0.29 psig

60% ±15%

1 mm / 0.04 “

In Direct Mode

±3 mm / ±0.12”

when L < 10 m / 33 ft;

±0.03% of measured distance, when L > 10 m / 33 ft

±20 mm / ±0.8”

±10 mm (

εr Constant)

Application Conditions

Ambient Temp. -40…+80°C / -40…+175°F;

Storage Temp.

EEx i: -40…+60°C / -40…+140°F

-40…+85°C / -40…+185°F

Flange Temp. -40…+200°C / -40…+392°F

(Ex: refer to relevant device spec.)

Shock Resistance 100°C/min

Process Conditions

Operating Pressure 1…40 bar / -14.5…580 psig; subject to process connection and temp.

Dielectric Constant

> _ 1.6

For single and Twin Probes

Vibration Resistance IEC 68-2-6 and prEN 50178

(10...57Hz: 0.075 mm / 57...150 Hz: 1 g)

Protection Category IP 66/67 equiv. to NEMA 6-6X

Mechanical Data

Housing

Wetted Parts

Rod

Aluminium

Coaxial

Stainless steel (1.4404 / 316L);

Hastelloy C-22 (2.4602)



Cable (4mm /0.15") Stainless steel (1.4401 / 316);

Process Fitting

Gaskets




Viton (-40…+150°C / -40…+300°F);

Kalrez 6375 (-20…+150°C / -5 …+300°F)

Process Connection

Thread

Flange

G 3/4"...1 1/2"; NPT 3/4"...1 1/2"

DN 25…DN 150 (PN 40 / PN 16);

1”…8” (150 lb / 300 lb);

10 K (40…100A)

Electrical Connection - 2-Wire Power Supply

Terminals Output 1 Non-Ex/ EEx i 24 VDC (14 … 30 VDC)

EEx d 24 V DC (20 … 36 VDC)

Terminals Output 2 Non-Ex/ EEx i / EEx d

24 VDC (10 … 30 VDC)

Cable Entry Terminals M20x1.5; 1/2 NPT; G 1/2"

0.5…1.5 mm²

Human machine interface

Display 9 lines, 160x160 pixels in 8-step greyscale with 4-button keypad

Operating Languages English, German, French, Italian,

Spanish, Portugese, Japanese,

Chinese (Mandarin), Russian

Approvals

ATEX

FM

CSA

ATEX II G D EEx ia IIC T3...T6

ATEX II 1/2 G D EEx d [ia] IIC T6...T3

IS class I Div. 1 Gr. A...G;

XP class I Div. 1 Gr. A…G

CL. 1, Zone 0, Ex ia, II C

CL. 1, Zone 1, Ex d [ia], II C

QS10

Quick Start

Human interface

Program mode:

Saves data or confirms parameter.

ESC

Program mode:

ESC-function returns to previous menu. If top menu reached, returns to normal mode.

Any parameter value entered is not stored.

Startup procedure

Mount and wire the device; then turn the power supply on.

The device performs a self-test and is ready for use.

If false parameter value is inputted (e.g. outside limits) an error message / icon occurs, and after 10 seconds the screen switches to HELP function. Press “ESC” to return to function.

QS11


Human interface

Hot keys

Normal

Program

Mode

Normal

All modes

Program

Hot key activated when:

Hold

Hold

Hold

Hold

+

3 seconds

3 seconds

Action

Enters program mode

Saves current function used as quick link

Active screen stored as default screen

HMI will reset to default language

3 seconds

3 seconds

Returns to normal mode (last screen displayed)

Startup procedure

The setup Wizard automatically displays steps on-screen.

If error persists, download log file using PACTware and send to e-mail address given on back page.

QS12

Quick Start

Setup procedure

(Connect power supply) - Starting up... Please wait... Booting up... (Start up time 40 sec)

Normal Mode

Text Screen

Text + Picture

Hold

Program Mode

3 Sec.

Main Menu

Quick Setup

Test

Advanced setup

Service

Text + Bar Graph

Quick Setup

Setup Mode

Quick link #1*

Quick link #2*

Quick link #3*

Quick link #4*

Quick link #5*

*For direct access to and modification of a default or userdefined menu item.

A s s i g n a ny m e nu item in the Advanced

setup menu to the quick link list (this overwr ites default items) by pressing

>

for 3 seconds.This saves time finding an item and avoids using a setup mode.

Setup Mode

Continued on

Next Page...

QS13


Setup procedure

(Continued from previous page)

All Setup Modes Setup Mode

Complete

Application

1. Information: probe type (coaxial...)

2. Product type (top product for interface)

3. Air gap / no air gap above the process

4. Number of products

5. Top product classification (hydrocarbon...)

6. Applications type (interface...)

7. Products mixed / unmixed

8. Settings summary

9. Save / cancel

Installation

1. Tank height. Edit value.

2. Process connection (nozzle...)

3. Stillwell/Nozzle height. Edit value.**

4. Stillwell / Nozzle diameter. Edit value.**

5. Settings summary

6. Save / cancel

Conversion

Output

Setup, Volume

1. Free unit [no]

2. Conversion wizard [volume]

3. Length unit (m...)

4. Product type (Liquid...)

5-8. Definition of tank shape and dimensions

9. Conversion unit (m3...)

10. Conversion table. Edit values***

11. Save /cancel

Setup Mass

1. Free unit [no]

2. Conversion wizard [mass]

3. Length unit (m...)

4. Type in product density?

Yes/no

5. Product density.

Edit value****

6. Product type (Liquid...)

7-8. Definition of tank shape

and dimensions

9. Conversion unit (kg...)

10. Conversion table.

Edit values***

11. Save /cancel

Setup Free Unit

1. Free unit [yes]

2. Customer length unit.

Edit unit name

3. Customer length ratio

(value x 1 mm)

4. Customer Conversion unit. Edit unit name

5. Conversion table.

Edit values***

6. Save /cancel

1. Output 1 HART® (OP1) function (Level...)

2. OP1: 4 mAsetting

3. OP1: 20 mAsetting

4. OP1: Output range (4-20 mA...)

5. OP1: Error handling (3.6 mA...)

6. OP1: HART® adress (for multidrop)

7. Output 2(OP2) function*****

8. OP2: 4 mA setting*****

9. OP2: 20 mA setting*****

10. OP2: Output range*****

11. OP2: Error handling*****

12. Settings summary

13. Save / cancel

** if “stillwell“ or “nozzle“ selected in step 3

*** device-generated table

**** if step 4 is “yes“ conversion unit is a volume unit; if “no“ the conversion unit is a mass unit.

***** optional

Full details see handbook

QS14

Section 0

Introduction

0.0 Introduction

The DR7100 level gauge is designed solely for measuring the distance, level, volume and reflection of liquid, paste, slurry, and solid materials. The DR7100 level gauge does not form part of an overfill protection system. Special codes and regulations apply to its use in hazardous areas. Responsibility as to suitability and intended use of these level gauges rests solely with the user. Improper installation and operation of our level gauges may lead to loss of warranty.

The DR7100 is a new-generation level meter with a wizard-driven setup, fullypotted electronic subassemblies, an online help functions.

It is provided with a pictorial quick setup. You will not normally need this

Handbook to install, set up and operate the device.

All menu items have an on-screen help function that is activated 15 seconds after the last input.

In the unlikely event of a failure, error icons appear on-screen. Clicking on the error icon in the PACTware device tool manager software or by looking in the error record menu item in program mode using the device screen wizard displays an error description, which normally is sufficient to rectify the problem. Only in severe cases will you need to consult the error records.

General Advice on Safety

• Visually inspect the equipment before installation to check that it has not been damaged in transit.

• Follow all instructions carefully to make sure that you install the device correctly

• Observe special conditions for installations requiring approved equipment

• Check that the flange, gasket and antenna materials are compatible with the product in the tank.

• Check that that the information on the device nameplate conforms to the on-site data

• Wire according to local rules and regulations

• Remove the device from the installation before servicing, except for replacement of the housing as described in section 6.2.

1


0.1 Legal Matters

Authorised Personnel

Installation, assembly, commissioning and servicing must only be undertaken by Drexelbrook-trained personnel.

Maintenance which is considered relevant to safety in the sense of explosion protection must only be carried out by the manufacturer, his agents or under the supervision of experts.

Liability

Responsibility as to suitability and intended use of these devices rests solely with the user. Improper installation and operation may lead to loss of warranty.

In addition, Drexelbrook's General Conditions of Sale and Delivery, found on the back of the invoice and forming the basis of the purchasing contract, are applicable.

Special codes and regulations apply to its use in hazardous areas.

General Limitation on Liability

Unless otherwise expressly set forth in the Standard Terms and Conditions of

Sale and Delivery, the Seller is only liable for damages, whatever their legal basis is, in case they are based on wilful action or gross negligence.

This limitation on liability does not apply in the event the Buyer raises claims relating to personal injury or damages to property according to the product liability law based on a defect of the delivered goods.

Any advice given by the Seller, in particular regarding the application of the delivered goods, shall only commit the Seller if given or confirmed in writing.

Returning the Device

If you need to return the level gauge to the manufacturer or supplier, please read to the instructions and complete the form in Section 9.0.

2

Introduction

0.2 Warranty

1. The Buyer shall examine the goods immediately after receipt with reasonable care; defects discovered shall be reported to the Seller within a preclusive period of 2 weeks in writing. Not recognizable defects shall be reported in writing to the Seller within 2 weeks after discovery.

2. In case of a justified immediate notification of defects, a warranty will be granted either by repairing the goods (rectification of defects) or replacement of default parts (subsequent delivery). Instead the Seller shall also be entitled to compensate the decrease in value when obeying the interest of the Buyer appropriately.

3. In case the Seller does not comply to rectify defects or to replace defective parts or the rectification or replacement fail, the Buyer shall be entitled to reduce the remuneration or, at his option, to rescind the contract.

4. As regards spare parts, parts being subject to wear and tear or parts being designated to become a part of or to be converted into other products, the

Buyer is committed to examine such parts and give notification of defects within the time period set forth in paragraph 1. With regard to defects which could have been noticed before installation or conversion, any warranty claims are excluded after installation and conversion.

5. In case the Buyer requests examination of the delivered goods by the Seller and alleges a defect for which the Seller would be responsible according to paragraph 2 above, the Buyer shall be committed to bear the associated costs in case it turns out that the delivered goods are free from such defect.

6. Other or further claims of the Buyer based on defects including claims for damages, also with respect to consequential damages, are excluded. In case of non-compliance with a guarantee, which has to be designated and confirmed in the order confirmation as guarantee, claims for damages can only be enforced, if it was intended that the guarantee given to the Buyer should apply precisely to damage of the kind that has occurred.

7. The Seller’s liability is expired, if the goods delivered have been dismantled by a third party or altered by the incorporation of parts produced elsewhere and the cause of the damages is connected with such alterations. The Seller’s liability is also expired, if the Buyer does not duly observe the Seller’s instruction for handling the goods (installation & operation instructions).

8. Seller warrants that for a period of 12 months from start-up or 18 months after passing the risk, whichever comes first, under normal use and service its products will function in accord with the current product specifications if installed and operated in accordance with the accompanying installation manuals; but the Buyer is solely responsible for determining the suitability of the products for the Buyer’s use.

3


0.3 Standards and Approvals

Standards

All versions of the device conform to European Union electromagnetic compatibility (89/336/CEE) and low voltage equipment (73/23/CE) Directives and Standards that allow use of the CE mark.

These and other relevant standards are listed in Standards.

Approvals

Versions equipped with the necessary options are suitable for use in hazardous areas meeting either European or American-Canadian approval requirements.

These are:

• ATEX (European) -approval

• Joint FM and CSA (American-Canadian) -approval

4

Introduction

0.4 Principal Meter Components and Options

1. Cover without display (standard)

2. Wiring compartment cover

3. Socket head set locking screw for either rotating or removing the housing

4. Coaxial probe

5. Nameplate

6. Twin cable probe

7. Spacer

8. Counterweight

9. Cable entry (M20, NPT½ or G½ adaptor supplied without cable gland)

10. Flange

11. Twin rod probe

12. Short circuit

13. Cover with display (option)

14. Equipotenial bonding system connection (Ex)

15. Threaded process connection (NPT, G)

16. Single rod probe

17. Single cable probe

18. Turnbuckle (anchor) for turbulent applications

19. Chuck (anchor) for turbulent applications

1

2 5

OPTIFLEX 1300 C

KROHNE SAS

F-26103 Romans

VF7100020020030010000000

Manufacturing date 04/2004

Order No. 144 123456 010

KEMA 04 ATEX xxxx X

II 1G/D or II 1/2 G/D or II 2 G/D

EEx ia IIC T6 ... T1

Ui < 30 V Ci = 30 nF

Ii < 300 mA Li = 0.2 mH

Pi < 1 W�

Tag No. INTERKAMA SAMPLE

Protection class IP 66/67

0344

WHG: Z-xx.xx-xxx

3

13

9

11

10

14

15

16

4 6

7

17

12

8

18

19

5


0.5 Nameplates

6

Introduction

0.6 Items Supplied

• Signal converter with process connection connected to horn antenna, material and size as per order.

• Optional: sunshade (fastening material supplied)

• Quick-start guide

• Ex instructions (for Ex version only)

• Calibration certificates with print-out of factory settings

(where applicable)

If applicable

0.6.1 Items not supplied

• Nuts, bolts, gaskets and seals for fitting to existing nozzles, etc.

• Cabling and non-standard connections / cable glands

• Service manual since - apart from exchanging entire subassemblies - this device can only be factory serviced.

7


0.7 Storage and Handling

Handling

Mount DR7100 radar level meters on suitable process connections on a tank or sump.

The device weighs between 8 kg/18 lb and 35 kg/77 lb.

• Lift the meter by the flange using two people to avoid damaging the base of antenna.

• Support the housing and antenna while installing the device.

• Handle probe with care

• Avoid bending rod and coxial probes

• Avoid overbending cable probes Risk of measurement errors from kinking and fraying

Avoid Hard blows, Impacts and Jolts

Storage

max. +85°C max.+185°F min. -40°C min. -40°F

8

Location

1.0 Location

1.1 All Applications

General Notes

This section covers positioning the process connection and installing the device.

Mount the DR7100 gauge on a suitable process connection on a tank or sump.

Check the following:

• Nozzle position in relation to the tank walls, product entry points and other objects inside the tanks.

This free space around the probe will depend on probe type refered to later on in this section.

• Installation adapted to the application

For further information on applications, refer to:

Section 1.2.2 Location - Liquid Applications

Section 1.2.3 Location - Solid Applications

Section 1.3 Typical - Installations

Hazardous areas

Refer to Appendix A.

9


Process connection and entry pipes

Do not put the process connection close to the entry pipe

Pouring the product directly onto the probe will give false readings

Install away from entry pipe.

Install means of deviating product if impossible to distance from entry pipe

10

Location

Threaded Process Connections

The simplest and most economic way is to mount the level meter directly onto the tank with a GAS or NPT-threaded connection. Use a 50 mm or 2” open-end wrench or similar to screw the device onto the tank process fitting.

11


Nozzles

Nozzle height

Recommendation (especially for single probes and powder applications):

Do not fit a nozzle longer than its diameter.

Nozzles extending into the tank

Do not use nozzles that extend into the tank

This will create disturbances - especially for single probes h h < Ød

Ød h > Ød where h = nozzle height and d = nozzle diameter

Contact Drexelbrook for assistance if this relationship cannot be respected.

12

Location

False readings

Do not let the probe touch the side of the nozzle. This will give a false reading.

Product build-up

Product can accumulate under the nozzle: this may weaken the measurement pulse. Avoid cavities that permit the build-up of deposits.

You can configure the level meter to attenuate the effects of this build-up.

For further information, refer to section 4.2.4: Setup, advanced setup. Follow the procedures for modifying Gain and voltage amplitude of the level and/or interface thresholds.

For further assistance, contact the supplier.

13


Cable probes

Installing level meters with single or twin cable probes

1. Support the housing and the probe using two people.

2. Insert the probe by holding the device more than one metre above the opening to avoid overbending the cable.

Do not overbend probe

Risk of measurement error

14

Location

Probe straightness and avoiding entanglement

• The cable must be straight once inserted into the tank.

• The cable counterweight should not touch the bottom of the tank.

• The cable must be far from other objects (e.g. mixers) to avoid entanglement.

Rigid length, Lr, of single and twin cable probes

Lr

15


1.2 Installation relative to other tank components

Objects near to the probe that influence measurement accuracy

Install the process connection far from protruding objects such as:

• heating tubes

• sudden changes in tank cross-section

• tank wall reinforcements and beams

• weld lines

• dip-stick pipes

Refer also to the diagram below.

Guided-radar (TDR) level meters generate electromagnetic fields when a measurement pulse is emitted. This field is affected by any nearby (metallic) objects and these will weaken and potentially disturb the emitted pulse. A minimum distance is recommended depending on the probe type to be installed.

See the table below for recommended free space dimensions. Alternatively, the fitter may use a reference chamber or stilling well. However, the chamber must be smooth, i.e. no visible weld lines, with straight and vertical walls to maintain the pulse strength and measurement accuracy.

EM

Ømin

EM

Position far from other objects in tank Risk of measurement error

Special note: coaxial probes

These probes can be used close to or touching objects or walls as the EM field generated by the probe is contained within the probe’s outer sheath and cannot be affected by other installations in the tank. However, the coaxial probe is limited to applications using clean products i.e. non-cristallising, low-viscosity products that do not have solids in suspension.

16

Location

Minimum recommended free space around probe, by type

There is no beam angle for any probe type - the limits of the EM field run parallel to the probe because the measurement pulse emitted by the device is guided.

Single probe

Double probe

Coaxial probe

17


Installing Two Devices aTank

Single or double probes:

Install at least 1 metre or 3.3 feet from each other to avoid interference from neighbouring electromagnetic fields.

Coaxial probes

No minimum distancing restrictions.

min. 1 m min. 3½ ft

Two devices fitted close together: single cable probes (left) and coaxial probes

(right)

18

Location

1.2.2 Liquid applications

General Notes

Follow these instructions and those given in section 1.2.1: location, all applications.

Avoid probe bending

Risk of measurement error

19


Always install the meter as far away as possible from the source of turbulence.

Anchor the probe if necessary to ensure it stays straight and vertical.

See the table below Anchoring the probe

Table

Probe type

Double rod

Supports and fastenings

Weld a 28…30mm / 1.1…1.2” internal diameter tube at the bottom of the vessel interior. Insert the two rods.

Stilling well installation*

Possible. On-site calibration may be required to maintain accuracy. Repeatability is unaffected. Centre the probe with plastic spacers supplied by Drexelbrook to avoid contact between the tube wall and the probe.

Double cable Use the M8 hole underneath the counterweight to fit a means of anchoring the probe (for example turnbuckle, threaded rod). Contact

Drexelbrook for advice and assistance. Tighten according to local rules and regulations.

As for double rod.

Single rod Weld a 12mm / 0.5” internal diameter tube at the bottom of the vessel interior. Insert the rod.

Possible. 50 mm / 2” minimum diameter well. Contact

Drexelbrook for advice and assistance.

Single cable

Ø4mm / 0.15”

Coaxial

Fit an anchor (several methods of anchoring can be ordered, for example turnbuckle or chuck). Contact Drexelbrook for advice and assistance. Tighten according to local rules and regulations.

Weld a 23…25mm / 0.91…0.98” internal diameter tube on the bottom of the vessel and insert the tube. The probe may also be fixed with braces.

Possible. 50 mm / 2” minimum diameter well. Contact

Drexelbrook for advice and assistance.

Unnecessary.

20

Illustrations: supports and fastenings

Double rod

Double cable

Location

21


Ø4mm or 0.15” single cable

22

Location

Coaxial

Products with foam

The presence of foam (especially if highly conductive) may require the installation of a stilling well or bypass chamber.

For further information, refer to section 1.3.3: Stilling wells and section 1.3.4:

Bypass chambers.

Petroleum products

These products may be stocked in vessels with moving roofs. In this case install a stilling well according to local standards, rules and regulations relative to the application and site. Refer also to section 1.3.3: Stilling wells.

23


1.2.3 Solid Applications

Positioning nozzles on conical silos

Position the connection on the roof at ½ x tank radius and with minimum nozzle height. This will avoid damage due to bending and traction when the tank is being emptied and also give reasonable measurements.

1/2 R R

Traction forces

Anchoring probes in solid applications

We recommend that the probe should not be anchored to avoid excessive traction loads on the cable and potential cable breaks.

As a rule, do not anchor probes in tanks over 10 metres or 33 feet high.

> 10 m or 33 ft

High tanks - do not anchor probe

Risk of probe breakage

Traction load is dependent upon the height and shape of the tank, product particle size & ensity, and the rate at which the tank is emptied.

24

Location

Cable maximum design loads

The Ø 8mm or 0.3” single cable will fail at loads greater than 3.5 T or 7700 lbs. There is also a risk of damage to pressure-bearing components inside the housing assembly. If loads exceed the maximum design load, please contact

Drexelbrook immediately.

> 3.5T or 7700lbs

Estimated traction on the cable according to application.

Material Probe used

Cement

Flyash

Wheat

Single cable Ø 8 mm



Probe length / m (ft)

10 m (32.8) 20 m (65.6) 30 m (96.4)

1.0 T or 2200 lb 2.0 T or 4410 lb 3.0 T or 6620 lb



Tank roof deformation

Ensure that the tank roof supports loads up to 3.5 metric tonnes or 7700 lbs.

3.5T or 7700lbs

3.5T or 7700lbs

25


1.3 Typical installations

1.3.1 General notes

Electromagnetic compatibility

The DR7100 conforms to European EMC standard EN 61326-1 A1+A2 and fulfills

Immunity and Emissions requirements for industrial environments. It can be installed on open-air tanks and non-metallic (such as plastic) vessels.

Note:

When the probe is enclosed in a metal vessel or when the device is fitted with a coaxial probe, it conforms to residential class immunity and emissions requirements.

All installations should respect the instructions given in section 1.2: Location.

Installations with difficult measurement conditions

Agitators can cause foam, turbulent product surfaces and probe entanglement.

Mounting a device in a bypass chamber or stilling well or a device with a coaxial probe are ideal solutions for these condtions. For further information, refer to section 1.3.3: Typical installations, stilling wells and section 1.3.4: Typical installationns, bypass chambers.

Ambient temperature

The ambient temperature limits of the device are given below.

Option max. +80°C max.+180°F min. -40°C min. -40°F

26

Location

Outdoor installations

Fit a sunshade on the level meter for outdoor installations: this is supplied on demand.

Procedure - fitting a sunshade

1. The sunshade is delivered separately; attached to a metal tube (A) to prevent deformation of the mounting bracket.

2. Unscrew two M6 socket head cap screws (B) with a 5 mm hexagonal key

(C).

27


3. Remove the bracket (D) along with two screws (B) and washers (E) from the sunshade (F).

4. Lower the sunshade onto the device. Orientate it so that the “keyhole” (G) is at the front of the device.

28

5. Remount the screws and washers.

Location

6. Remount bracket and tighten the screws slightly.

29


7. Raise the sunshade as high as possible up the housing support pillar by bracing it with one hand. Screw the two bolts tightly so that the sunshade does not slip down the pillar.

Procedure - opening the sunshade

1. Insert a large screwdriver into the “keyhole” on the sunshade and turn it anti-clockwise.

30

Location

2. The hinge of the sunshade is at the front: pull the back of the sunshade over the device to gain access to the display screen and keypad.

Esc

31


1.3.2 Tanks with concrete roofs

Concrete roof thickness

Install the device accoring to this rule;

Ød => t

where Ød is hole diameter and t is concrete thickness.

If this rule cannot be obeyed, install the device in a recessed mounting as shown below on the right.

t > d d t < d t

32

Location

1.3.3 Stilling wells

Applications

Use a stilling well for these applications: where instructions for normal tank installation, such as the distance from the tank wall or tank internals, cannot be followed

• Tanks with floating roofs for petro-chemical applications

• Products with foam

• Tanks with turbulent processes

33


Installation requirements

• The stilling well must be electrically conductive

• Stilling well wall must be straight and smooth

(surface roughness ±0.1 mm or 0.004”)

• No abrupt changes in well diameter greater than

1 mm or 0.04”

Ø

Max. Ø ±1 mm

or 0.04 "

• Drill a pressure equalisation hole in the stilling well above the maximum product level

Air hole

Max. level

• An opening in the base is normally sufficient for one-liquid applications

• If foam is not present, drill other holes along the length of the stilling well: this helps the product to circulate, especially where there is more than one liquid. These must be small, widely spaced and deburred

Air hole

Max. level

Ø max. 10 mm

or 0.4 "

Min. distance

100 mm or 4 "

• Probe counterweights in stilling wells: check that there is sufficient (but not too much) play between the counterweight and the inside wall of the stilling well for the product to circulate

34

Location

Tanks with floating roofs

Commonly used for petro-chemical applications. Install a stilling well.

4

5

6

1

2

3

1. Stilling well

2. Tank

3. Floating roof

4. Petroleum products

5. Well is fixed to tank base-no roof deformation

6. Sediment

35


1.3.4 Bypass chambers

Use bypass chambers for applications where there are:

• Too many protuding objects inside the tank

• Agitators

These installations have the same requirements as stilling wells. Refer to section

1.3.3: Stilling wells.

36

Location

1.3.5 Spherical tanks

Measurement of liquid petroleum gas (LPG) is a common application for TDR.

It is stocked in spherical tanks.


Install on top of the tank, following instructions given in section 1.2: Location

If the top platform is in the form of a nozzle, install the device fitting far from the wall, at least the distance recommended according to probe type in section 1.2.1:

Location, all applications - installation relative to other tank components

Refer to section 4.2.2: Setup, device display - conversion setup mode for configuring the meter to measure mass or volume in spherical tanks.

37


1.3.6 Horizontal cylindrical tanks

Used for a large variety of applications. Located above or below ground.


Install on top of the tank, following the instructions given in section 1.2

Location.

Refer to section 4.2.2: Setup, device display - conversion setup mode for configuring the meter to measure mass or volume in horizontal cylindrical tanks.

1

1000 GAL

38

Location

1.4 Other important information

1.4.1 Process conditions

Flange temperature

All seals

max. +200°C max.+392°F

Kalrez 6375

min. -20°C min. -4°F

Viton

min. -40°C min. -40°F

Process pressure

Observe process connection operational limits Risk of injury and damage to device

The operating pressure allowed depends on the temperature at the process connection. The mechanical properties of the process connection are influenced by temperature.

For further information, refer to relevant national standards. For example

European

EN 1092-1 Flanges and their joints. Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PN designated. Steel flanges

US

ASME B16.5a Addenda to ASME B16.5 Pipe flanges and flanged fittings NPS

½ through NPS 24

39


1.4.2 Electrostatic discharge

General notes

This may occur in some solid applications.

Device ESD protection

DR7100 non-Ex and Ex gauge electronics are shielded up to 32KV against electrostatic discharge (ESD).

Electrostatic discharge

Risk of measurement error and/or damage to housing electronics


Earth the tank (entry pipe...), product and probe installation.

It is the customer’s responsibility to prevent ESD. ESD cannot be solved by

DR7100 ESD protection.

Dismounting the device

Danger of injury from eletrostatic discharge

The probe may become electro statically-charged during operation. Earth the probe before handling.

40

Electrical Connection

2.0 Electrical connection

2.1 Wiring

Cable entry

Electrical connection is made through two cable entries located at the back of the housing. The cable entries can be ordered with adaptors

• M20 x

• 1.5

• ½NPT

• G½

Cable glands are only supplied with non-Ex and EEx ia-approved devices. You must supply the cable glands for EEx d and FM-approved devices.

Access to terminals is via a blue threaded cover on the side of the housing.

As the device is a 2-wire instrument, the power supply and the output signal transmitted by the device use the same cable.

Reminder of wiring fundamentals

Power supply

Disconnect the power supply before wiring the device

Cables

• Use metal cable glands and reinforced, shielded cable to minimise RFI

(radio frequency interference) and/or EMI (electromagnetic interference)

• Observe applicable local rules and regulations for wiring

• Always use the cable entry facing the terminal

• Avoid crossing or looping wires

• Add sufficient length to make U-bends in the cable to provide water with run-off points

• Do not let the cable come into contact with hot or potentially hot surfaces such as the flange

• Avoid kinks in the cable close to the cable entry glands by adding sufficient cable length. Reinforce with a metal sheath at this point, if necessary

Device protection

• If overcurrent is expected, install an overcurrent protection device

• Earth the device according to applicable local installation standards

American and Canadian installations

• The device must be wired by a qualified electrician in accordance with the latest version of National Electric Code for installations in the USA or

Canadian Electric Code for installations in Canada and local regulations

• Check that all wiring is rated 20°C or 68°F above ambient temperature, especially where the cable exits a conduit near to the device.

41


Supply voltage

The device requires a supply voltage that depends on which output terminal is used and the approval option ordered.

Refer to section 2.2: Power supply for this information.

Hazardous areas

For information on wiring devices approved for use in hazardous areas, refer to the approval certificate and special manuals supplied with the device. See also

Standards and Approvals.

2.1.2 Wiring Procedure

1. Fit cable gland. Disassemble the top of the cable gland, remove plug (a) then reassemble.

a

2. Unscrew the M4 socket head cap screw using a 3mm hexagonal key and remove cover stop (b). Remove the wiring compartment cover (c).

c b

42


3. Prepare the cable and wires for connection as per local rules and regulations.

Insert cable via the top cable gland.

-

+

4. Loosen the power supply/current output 1 terminal block (d). Insert the wires into the terminals as per the wiring diagram below. Ensure that the polarity is respected. Retighten screw.

d

43


5. Loosen ground terminal screw (e) and insert wire. Retighten screw. See section 2.2.3: Power supply, Ex versions for earth connection (equipotential bonding system) for Ex-approved devices.

e

6. Check that the wires are held correctly by the terminals.

7. Retighten the top of the cable gland until the ring forms a seal around the cable.

44


8. Grease the thread (f) of the wiring compartment cover.

9. Screw on the wiring compartment cover (c). Remount cover lock(b).

f c b

10. Go to section 3.1: Commissioning, power-on and start-up before energizing the device to make sure that the device is correctly installed and connected.

Wiring Devices Approved for Potentially Explosive Atmospheres

Please refer to Appendix A for wiring devices for use in hazardous areas.

45


2.2 Power supply

2.2.1 General notes

Each output requires its own power supply.

Supply voltage outside of given limits

Check that the device uses the correct power supply

• A supply voltage above the maximum value can cause irreparable damage to the signal converter.

• Voltages above and below the specified limits can also lead to faulty measurements or to a device reset.

Refer to technical data in section 2.2.2: Power supply, non-Ex version. If the device is approved for use in potentially explosive atmospheres, refer also special manuals included with the device.

Power supply polarity

Observe the correct polarity for the devic’s electrical system.

• The device will not function if the polarity is reversed

Factors influencing supply voltage

Allow for voltage drop caused by the circuit load impedance (loop resistance).

This includes the resistance of:

• The cable

• Other devices in the circuit

• Resistors for connection of device tool managers and HART® controllers

46


2.2.2 Non-Ex versions

Non-Ex or general purpose version

One output (Standard)

14 ... 30 V DC

-

+

Two outputs (Optional)

14 ... 30 V DC

+

-

10 ... 30 V DC

(option)

+

-

47


2.2.3 Ex versions

Please refer to Appendix A if approved for use in potentially explosive atmospheres.

2.3 Connection, I/Os

Output options

One output (Standard)

Selectable parameters:

- 4 ... 20 mA + HART®

- 3.8 ... 20.5 mA + HART®

according to NAMUR NE 43

Two outputs (Optional)


- 4 ... 20 mA + HART®

- 3.8 ... 20.5 mA + HART®

acc. to NAMUR NE 43


- 4 ... 20 mA

- 3.8 ... 20.5 mA

acc. to NAMUR NE 43

48


Network options

There are 3 output versions

• Current output HART®, passive, HART® protocol

• Current output Ex-ia HART® intrinsically safe; passive, HART® protocol

• Current output Ex-d ia HART® explosion-proof; passive, HART® protocol

The last two versions are discussed in special manuals for devices approved for use in explosive atmospheres.

Two network modes are available

• Point-to-point

• Multi-drop

Point-to-point (non-Ex)

#0

4 ... 20 mA

HART

R

L

Power supply

+

-

HART-

HHC

HART® modem

PACTware or HART®-specific software and operating devices

49


Multi-drop (non-Ex)

#1

4 mA

HART

R

L

Power supply

+

-

#2

4 mA

HART

#15

4 mA

HART

HART-

HHC

HART® modem

PACTware or HART®-specific software and operating devices

RL = resistor, approx. 250 ohms

HART® communication protocol

In accordance with the Rosemount Standard, HART® communication can be used with this level gauge. It is used as a point-to-point connection between the slave (this level gauge) and the HART® master or for multidrop networks (up to 15 devices).

Additional information

The following can be called up via the following interfaces:

• Current output: 3.6 or 22 mA for error signal

(according to NAMUR NE43 standard)

• Digital HART® interfaces: scanning for error flags and messages.

50


Changing from point-to-point to multi-drop network mode

The device’s output 1 communicates by default in point-to-point mode (HART address 0). If you wish for the device to communicate in multi-drop mode then you have to modify the output’s HART address. Use the following procedure

Procedure (using the display screen configuration wizard)

1. Enter Program Mode (Press right key for three seconds)

2. Either go to Quick Setup > Setup mode > Outputs and go through the setup procedure until you get to OP1 (output 1) HART Address

...or... go to Advanced Setup > Output 1 (HART) and find the menu item HART

Address

3. Type in a value between 1 and 15 (default is 0 - point-to-point mode). This will switch output 1 over to multi-drop mode.

4. Check that outputs of other devices in the network do not have the same

HART address

5. Exit to Normal Mode

For further information on device operation and configuration, please refer to section 4.1: Operating concept and section 4.2: Setup.

A definition of the menu item HART address is given in section 4.2.3 Setup, summary of user functions under C.4.5.0 HART address.

Networks using Ex-approved devices

Special instructions

Please refer to Appendix A if approved for use in potentially explosive atmospheres.

51

Section 3

Commissioning

3.0 Commissioning

3.1 Power-on and start-up

Commissioning checklist

Check the following points before power-on and start-up

• are all wetted components (antenna, flange and gaskets) sufficiently resistant to corrosion by the tank product?

• does the information on the nameplate fixed to the signal converter conform to the operating data?

• has the device been properly installed on the tank?

• have the electrical connections been correctly wired according to national and local rules and regulations?

• Ex devices: See Appendix A

Start-up

The device requires less than 40 seconds to boot up once connected to the power supply. The device will immediately display measurements of product level.

Other remarks

This level meter is set up and delivered in accordance with your order specifications. You can use the device immediately. If further adjustments are necessary, we recommend configuration of the device using quick setup modes provided in the DTM or optional display screen Wizard.

Refer to section 4.1: Operating concept and section 4.2: Setup for advice on how to use the device display screen Wizard.

53

Section 4

Operation

4.0 Operation

4.1 Operating concept

Available user interfaces

PACTware

An Open Source, open configuration software for all field instruments that permits clear and concise display of information and configuration of the device from a remote location. Installation is supported by a user-friendly Wizard.

Field instruments are easily integrated and the software also allows for future developments.

Display screen

Choose from a large selection of measurement data display options.

Easy configuration via quick setup menus and linked help files (Wizarddriven).

The display screen is supplied on customer demand.

55


4.1.2 Display screen

Screen layout

The device has an optional 160 by 160 pixels, 9-line display. It has a 4-button pressure-sensitive keypad for selecting display functions and configuring the gauge.

1. RIGHT key

2. ENTER key

3. DOWN key

4. UP key

5. Esc (ESCAPE) function: RIGHT and UP keys pressed together

6. Header bar: displays device tag number when making measurements or error icons and currently selected menu when being configured

7. Main display area

8. Status bar: for displaying results of parameter plausibility checks such as

“value too high”

6

7

8

LT 12345

Level

16.345 m

L

Esc

1

5

2

4

3

56

Operation

Rotation of display screen

The housing rotates 360° around its base to make reading the display screen and gaining access to the wiring compartment easier.

Procedure

1. Loosen M10 socket head set screw on adaptor connector column below the housing using 5 mm hexagon key

2. Rotate housing and position as required

3. Retighten socket head set screw to fix housing position

57


The device has two operational modes

• Normal mode for displaying measurements

• Program mode for configuring the device

4.1.3 Normal mode

Description

The measurement data is displayed on the screen in this mode. Anybody can select what measurement information is displayed (level, volume and types of data) and how it is presented (display style).

This is the instrument’s default mode.

1. Header bar - shows device tag number in normal mode

2. Measurement function

3. Measurement value and units

1

3

TAG NUMBER 12345

Level

16.345 m

2

Display styles

Three display styles are available

1. Value(s)

2. Value(s) and picture

3. Value(s) and bar graph

Esc

LT 12345

Level

16.345 m

LT 12345

Level

16.345 m

L

LT 12345

Level

69 %

100

50

0%

58

Operation

Screen navigation

The following buttons on the keypad are used for Screen Navigation

• Right (►) button: for selecting value, value & picture or value & bar graph display

• Up ( ▲ ) and down (▼) buttons: for selecting measurement (level, volume and so on)

Screens available for a device with one output

Interface measurement

You can only choose screens with red borders when the device is configured for interface applications

Mass measurement

Select mass units and calibrate using conversion table functions in program mode to display mass instead of volume.

59


Screens available for a device with two outputs

LT 12345

Level

16.345 m

Interface level

16.345 m

LT 12345

Level

16.345 m

Interface level

16.345 m

L iL

LT 12345

Level

45%

Interface Level

27 %

100

50

0%

LT 12345

Distance

16.345 m

Interface distance

9.500 m

LT 12345

Layer

16.345 m

LT 12345

Distance

16.345 m

Interf. distance

9.500 m

D iD

LT 12345

Layer

16.345 m

L

LT 12345

Distance

36%

Interf. distance

63 %

100

50

0%

LT 12345

Layer

12%

100

50

0%

LT 12345

Volume

2.04 m‡

Interface volume

1.06 m‡

LT 12345

Ullage volume

3.70 m‡

LT 12345

Volume

2.04 m‡

Interf. volume

1.06 m‡

L iL

LT 12345

Ullage volume

3.70 m‡

D

LT 12345

Layer volume

0.30 m‡

LT 12345

Layer volume

0.30 m‡

L

LT 12345

Volume

27 %

Interf. volume

36%

100

50

0%

LT 12345

Ullage volume

25 %

100

50

0%

LT 12345

Layer volume

25 %

100

50

0% y

LT 12345

0 x Distance: 214.16 mm y Sample: 0.55 V x

Interface measurement

You can only choose interface measurement screens when the device is configured for interface applications.

Mass measurement

Select mass units and calibrate using conversion table functions in program mode to display mass instead of volume.

60

Operation

Special note: signal screen

This shows a line graph of voltage amplitude of return signals against distance.

It is used for visually identifying level and interface.

The top 5 to 10 peaks - representing the level, interface and interference signals

- will be displayed and the user can move to the next value to the right using the

Right key. The voltage amplitude of the point (Y-axis) and and their distance from the device (X-axis) are displayed at the bottom of the screen.

A supervisor can modify level and interface thresholds and distance input manually to assist the device to identify and track the products in difficult conditions.

Refer to section 4.1: hot keys and Section 4.4 Advanced setup: further notes for configuration procedures.

Icons in normal mode

Error icon

When a problem is detected in normal mode, an error icon is displayed on the left of the display’s header bar. This is illustrated in the diagram below. The error icon will remain displayed until a user with supervisor access rights views the program mode menu item B.2.12.0 Error records. See section 4.2.4: Advanced setup-further notes.

!

Error icon

!

61


4.1.4 Normal mode hot keys

Hot key activation

Press the screen keypad buttons for 3 seconds to activate hot key functions.

Functions

Item Key Description Action

1

2

3

4

5

Right

Enter

Down

Up

Escape*

Enters program mode**

Enters signal screen edit mode*** n/a

Screen displays English text (default option) n/a

LT 12345

Level

16.345 m

L

Esc

1

2

5

4

3

* Press right (>) and up ( ▲ ) keys simultaneously for three seconds

** Only when signal screen is displayed. Refer to section 4.1.5 Program mode for further information

*** Refer to Section 4.2.4 Advanced setup

62

Operation

4.1.5 Program mode

Description

Using this mode, a user with the supervisor password can configure the device.

Entering program mode

1. Press right button on the keypad for three seconds to enter program mode.

LT 12345

Level

16.345 m

L

Esc

3 s

2. If the password function has been activated, the device will prompt the user to whether access is required to the supervisor or service menu items.

Make a choice from list by scrolling with the up and down buttons and then press the enter key to confirm.

Login Screen

>

Supervisor

Service

Esc

3. Type in the supervisor password. Use the four buttons below the display screen.

The default supervisor password is right, enter, down, up, right and enter.

Login Screen

> Supervisor

Service

Password

Esc

4A. If the password is entered correctly, the screen will show the main menu.

The name of the menu or sub menu entered is shown on the header bar.

4B. If the password is entered incorrectly, the screen will return to normal mode.

Refer also to section 4.2.4: Advanced setup: further notes.

63


Menu navigation

1. Header bar - shows current menu level

2. Selection bar - indicates which menu item is selected

1

Main Menu

> Quick Setup

Test

Advanced

Setup

Service

2

Key

Right

Down

Key Function

Selects next menu level

Movesselection bar down

Up Moves menu selection bar up

Escape* Returns to previous menu level

* Press right and up keys simultaneously

Esc

Functions

Types of parameters

Two types of parameters can be edited

• Lists

• Values (numerical or alpha-numerical digits)

1

Editing lists

1. Header bar - shows function name

2. Tick - shows which parameter is currently used by the device

3. Selection bar - shows which parameter is selected by the user. Press enter to confirm selection.

Language

English

German

French

>

Spanish

Portuguese

Italian

2

3

Key

Right

Down

Up

Enter

Key function

Moves cursor to the next digit

Decreases digit value

Increases digit value

Confirm change and exit

Escape* Exits without confirming


Esc

64

Operation

4

5

6

1

2

3

Editing values

A value must be modified digit by digit. The cursor starts at its default position on the digit the furthest to the left on the edit screen.

1. Menu name

2. Function name

3. Parameter value with cursor on left digit

4. Minimum value

5. Maximum value

6. Status bar - “value too high” or “value too low” message if value is respectively greater or less than the parameter range

7. Picture of parameter

Installation Setup

Tank height

4 1.000 m

H

0.200 m

40.000 m

Value too high

7

Key

Right

Down

Up

Enter

Key function

Moves cursor to the next digit

Decreases digit value

Increases digit value

Confirm change and exit

Escape* Exits without confirming


Esc

Online help

Unsure of the next step? Wait 15 seconds and a definition of the menu item will appear.

Return to the menu screen by pressing “Escape” (right and up keys).

Quick Setup menu

Quick Setup

> Setup Mode

Error Record

Measurement Quality

Language

Length Unit

Display Mode

Help file A.0.0.0

page 1 of 2

Quick Setup

A.0.0.0

Enables you to quickly set up your device for common applications by easily guiding through all the required steps.

Help file A.0.0.0

page 2 of 2

Quick Setup

In addition you can invoke the most frequently used menu items using these links.

15 s

1 2 3

1. Press “down” to read the end of the message

2. Menu reference number. Refer to section 4.2.3: Summary of menu items for a complete list

3. Press “up” to go back to the top of the message

65


1

2

Returning to normal mode

Press escape several times to return to the Main Menu in program mode.

Press escape again to return to normal mode. If changes have been made to settings, the user will be prompted by the device to either save or cancel these changes. In either case, pressing enter will return the screen to normal mode.

3

Note:

Current changes must be saved or cancelled before proceeding

Save

> Cancel

4

1. Header bar - prompt message

2. Message

3. Option selected by user (cancel save).

Press Enter to confirm

4. Option currently selected by the device

Esc

For a list of device functions and their parameters, please refer to section 4.2.3:

Summary of menu items.

66

Operation

4.1.6 Program mode hot keys

Hot key activation

Press the screen keypad buttons for 3 seconds to activate hot key functions.

Read below for details

Functions

Item Key description Action

1

2

3

4

5

Right

Enter

Down

Up

Escape*

Defines function being used as a quick link**

Not used

Not used

Screen displays English text

(default language option)

Home. Jumps back to last screen displayed in normal mode

Language

> English

German

French

Spanish

Portuguese

Italian

Esc

5

1

2

4

3

* Press two keys (right and up) simultaneously for escape key functions

** The function in question is saved to one of the five Quick Links in the Quick

Setup menu. See start of section 4.2.2 Device display for navigating to these quick links

67


4.2 Setup

4.2.1 Device display

General notes

Using the device display’s program mode, configure using one or both methods given

• Quick setup: setup modes

• Advanced setup

4.2.2 Quick setup: setup modes

Wizard-driven step-by-step procedures for easy and rapid device setup in standard applications. Online help is available when clarification is required.

Using setup modes, the user can personalise different aspects of device operation.

Setup modes available

• complete

• application

• installation

• conversion

• output

These are explained using diagrams to show the flexibility of the system.

68

Operation

Finding setup mode

The illustration below shows how to find quick setup menus from normal mode.

Normal mode

Tag Number

Value only Value and picture Value and bar graph Signal Screen

Level

16.345 m

Level

16.345 m

Level

64%

100 y

0

50

L

0% x Distance: 214.16 mm y Sample: 0.55 V x

Program mode

Login Screen

Login Screen

Main Menu

Quick Setup

Setup Mode

Press ">" for 3 seconds

Supervisor Service

Password:

******

Quick Test Advanced Service

Setup Setup

Setup Mode Quick Link #1 default B.2.12.0 Error record

Quick Link #2

default B.2.13.0 Measurement quality

Quick Link #3

default C.5.1.1 Language

Quick Link #4

default C.5.1.4 Length unit

Quick Link #5

default C.5.1.2 Display mode

Complete

Application

Installation

Conversion

Outputs

See below for further information

69


Complete setup mode

Using the complete setup mode option, you can configure all the items in the application, installation, conversion and output setup modes.

Application setup mode

For defining the tank contents and setting the device up for level, interface or level and interface measurement.

Setup Mode

Information

Application

Probe Type

Single Cable 4

(for example)

Product type

Air Gap Flag

Number Of Products

Top Product

Air gap

Liquid

No air gap

Solid

Air gap

1 2 >2 2 >2 1

Alcohol

Base

Hydrocarbon

Liquid Gas

Mineral Oil

Solvent

Aqueous Solution

Other

Cereals

Minerals

Plastic

Other

Application Type

Level Level Interface Level Interface Level

& interface

Mixed Flag

Application

Note:

Unmixed Mixed Unmixed Unmixed Unmixed

(setup mode summary)


Save Cancel

70

Installation setup mode

For defining the process connection and tank height.

Setup Mode

Installation


Tank Height

min. 0.250* m max. 60.000 m

H

Installation type


Socket Stillwell

Stillwell Height

min. 0 mm max. 60000 mm

Nozzle

Nozzle Height


Height

H

Operation


Stillwell Diameter


Nozzle Diameter


Installation


Note:


Save Cancel

* blocking distance. Refer to section 7.1.2: Technical data; blocking distance.

71


Conversion setup mode

For creating a conversion table for displaying volume, mass or user-defined unit measurements.

Due to the numerous possibilities available, a procedural tree diagram is shown for each of the following

1. volume measurement of liquids

2. volume measurement of solids

3. mass measurement of liquids or solids

4. measurement of user-defined length and conversion units

1. Volume measurement of liquids

Setup Mode

Tank Shapes

Conversion

Free unit

Yes No

Tank Shapes

Tank Shapes

Please select

Volume Mass

Product Type

Solid Liquid

Tank Shapes

Tank Height Flat DIN 28011 Spheric Diameter

Tank Shapes

Tank Width Tank Diameter

Tank Shapes

Tank Shapes

Tank Length

Tank Height

Tank Shapes

Conversion Unit

Volume/Mass table

Note:

Angle of inclination

min. 0 max. 360 m3

L

US gal

GB gal ft3 bbl

Number m m3

1 0 0

2 0.0028 0.001

3 0.0057 0.003

4 0.0085 0.007

.. ........... .........


Save Cancel

72

2. Volume measurement of solids

Setup Mode

Tank Shapes

Conversion

Free unit

Yes No

Tank Shapes

Tank Shapes

Please select

Volume Mass

Product Type

Solid Liquid

Tank Shapes

Flat Cone Flat DIN 28011 Cone

Tank Shapes

Tank Shapes

Tank Height Tank Length

Tank Diameter Tank Diameter

Tank Shapes

Tank Width Tank Width Tank Height

Tank Height 1

Tank Shapes

Tank Length Tank Height 1 Tank Height 2

Tank Height 2 Cone Diameter

Tank Shapes

Tank Shapes

Cone Length

Tank Shapes

Conversion Unit


Note:


min. 0 max. 360 m3

L

US gal

GB gal ft3 bbl

Number m m3

1 0 0

2 0.0028 0.001

3 0.0057 0.003

4 0.0085 0.007

.. ........... .........


Save Cancel

73

Operation


3. Mass measurement of liquids or solids

Setup Mode

Tank Shapes

Conversion

Free unit

Yes No

Tank Shapes

Tank Shapes

Tank Shapes

Tank Shapes

Tank Shapes

Flat

Please select

Volume Mass

Do you want to use the density of the product?

Yes No

Product Density

min. 0 kg/m3 max. 20000 kg/m3

Product Type

Solid Liquid

As diagram 1 above

Cone Flat DIN 28011 Cone

Tank Shapes

Tank Height Tank Length Tank Diameter Tank Diameter

Tank Shapes

Tank Width Tank Width Tank Height

Tank Height 1

Tank Shapes

Tank Length Tank Height 1 Tank Height 2

Tank Height 2 Cone Diameter

Tank Shapes

Tank Shapes

Cone Length

Tank Shapes

Conversion Unit


min. 0 max. 360 m3

L

US gal

GB gal ft3 bbl

Tank Shapes


Note:

Number m m3

1 0 0

2 0.0028 0.001

3 0.0057 0.003

4 0.0085 0.007

.. ........... .........


Save Cancel

74

Tons

Kg

US Tons

GB Tons

No. of LVM Entries

min. 0 max. 50

Operation

4. Measurement of user-defined length and conversion units

Setup Mode

Tank Shapes

Conversion

Free unit

Yes No

Tank Shapes

Tank Shapes

Tank Shapes

Tank Shapes


Note:

Custom. Length Unit

LEN_FREE_

Custom. Length Ratio

min. 0 max. 99999

Custom. Conv. Unit

CON_FR_UN

No. of LVM Entries

min. 0 max. 50

Number m m3

1 0 0

2 0.0028 0.001

3 0.0057 0.003

4 0.0085 0.007

.. ........... .........


Save Cancel

Horizontal cylindrical tanks

type in “90°” under angle of inclination. Calibrate volume as for other tanks.

No. of LVM entries

This refers to the number of lines generated for typing in level and the equivalent conversion unit (volume...) in the volume/mass table.

Free units; cutomer length ratio

Conversion factor between the basic length unit (m, ft, ...) and the new free unit.

Multiply the basic length unit by this value to get the new unit.

75


Outputs setup mode

For defining the measurement function and range, digital network address and signal on alarm.

Setup Mode

Output Function

Output 1 (HART)

Outputs

Level

Distance

Interface Level*

Interface Distance*

Layer*

Interface Volume*

Ullage volume

Layer Volume*

Volume

[Output Function]

4 mA

min. dependant on output function max. dependant on output function

Output 1 (HART)


20 mA

min. > 4 mA setting max. dependant on output function

Output Range

Error Handling

3.8-20.5mA -NAMUR

4-20 mA

3.6 mA

22.0 mA

Hold

Output 1 (HART)

Output Function 2

Output 2 (Passive)

HART Address

min. 0 max. 15

Level

Distance

Interface Level*

Interface Distance*

Layer*

Interface Volume*

Ullage volume

Layer Volume*

Volume


4 mA

min. dependant on output function max. dependant on output function



20 mA

min. > 4 mA setting max. dependant on output function

OP2 Output Range

3.8-20.5mA -NAMUR

4-20 mA

OP2 Error Handling

3.6 mA

22.0 mA

Hold


Outputs

Note:


Save Cancel

* if “interface” is factory-set or selected in Application Setup Mode.

76

Operation

Displaying volume measurements

Select a volume output function.

Advanced setup menu

Using this menu, you can modify indivdual functions. These functions are grouped under

• Installation setup

• I/O

• Output 1 (HART)

• Output 2 (Passive)

• Device Setup

• Reset

Refer to section 4.2.3: Summary of user items for a description of advanced setup menu items.

Functions are explained further in section 4.2.4 Advanced setup: further notes.

77


Quick links

Quickly navigate to and configure advanced setup menu items using Quick link memory spaces given in the Quick Setup submenu

Create a quick link

Go to the required submenu via Program mode > Advanced Setup and select the menu item you need by moving the cursor to that item

Press the right button for three seconds. A text screen will indicate to which quick link memory space the function has been assigned.

The quick links are assigned in chronological order: if Quick link #1 was the last link assigned, the next menu item will be saved to Quick

Link #2. Once Quick Link #5 memory space has been filled, the next quick link will be assigned to Quick Link #1 (overwriting the previously saved item).

Display Settings

Language

>

Display Mode

Time Delay

Length Unit

Volume Unit

Mass Unit

Note:

Display Mode has been assigned to quicklink 1

Esc

3 s

Using quick links

1. Select the suitable line in the Quick Setup menu

2. Press the right key to go directly to the function

Quick Setup

Setup Mode

> Display Mode

Quick Link #2

Quick Link #3

Quick Link #4

Quick Link #5

Display Mode

Disable

> Auto-off

Default Screen

Esc

78

Operation

4.2.3 Summary of menu items (device display Wizard)

Quick setup functions

Function (Fct.)

A.0.0.0 Quick Setup

Input Range Description

A.1.0.0

A.1.1.0

Setup mode

Complete N/a. As functions in advanced setup sub-menu.

A.1.2.0 Application N/a. As functions in advanced setup sub-menu.

A.1.3.0

Installation N/a. As functions in advanced setup sub-menu.

A.1.4.0

A.1.5.0

Conversion

Outputs

N/a. As functions in advanced setup sub-menu.

N/a. As functions in advanced setup sub-menu.

Setup mode for creating a conversion table for displaying volume or mass measurements.

Setup mode for defining the output characteristics.

A.2.0.0 Quick Link #1 N/a. As functions in advanced setup sub-menu.#1: B.2.12.0

Error records; #2: C.5.3.0

Measurement quality; #3:

C.5.1.1 Language; #4: C.5.1.4

Display/ Length unit; #5:

C.5.1.2 Display/ Display mode

Quick links are available to facilitate access to frequently used functions.

To define a new quick link, go to the appropriate menu item and press the right key for 3 seconds.

A.3.0.0 Quick Link #2




Sets up the device for common applications using pre-defined steps.

Sets up the device using the steps given in the application: application, installation, conversion and output setup modes.

Setup mode for defining the tank contents.

Setup mode for defining the process connection.

Test functions

Function (Fct.)

B.0.0.0 Test

B.1.0.0 Test

B.1.1.0

B.1.2.0


Show output 1 Read only.

Set output 1 3.6, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14,

16, 18, 20 or 22 mA.

4 mA

Checks the device outputs and performs common device tests.

Displays present output 1 value [mA].

Sets present output 1 to a value [mA] selected from a list. Output will change to selected value, independent of measurement value.

79


Test functions (Continued)

Function (Fct.)

B.1.3.0

Input Range

Show output 2 Read only.

B.1.4.0 Set output 2 3.6, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14,

16, 18, 20 or 22 mA.

4 mA

B.1.5.0

B.2.0.0 Information

B.2.1.0

B.2.2.0

B.2.3.0

B.2.4.0

B.2.5.0

B.2.6.0

B.2.7.0

B.2.8.0

B.2.9.0

Internal test

Outputs

15 min. log

Device I.D.

Quick setup summary

TAG number

Read only.

16 characters max.

According to the order

Sensor length Read only.

Probe type

Counterweight type

Read only.

Calculated Er value

Read only.

Read only.

Read only.

Read only.

Read only.

Read only.

Description

Displays present output 2 value [mA].

Sets present output 2 to a predefined value

[mA] from a list. Output will change to selected value, independent of measurement value.

Initiates the hardware test. The device displays the results. Internal tests are: Sensor module, HART manager,

Configuration manager, Upgrade manager,

GDC bus manager, Current output manager,

Telegram manager / system controller HMI,

Log manager.

Summary of information relating to the device.

Displays present output settings including assigned functions, error handling, 4 … 20 mA scale settings and HART parameters.

Displays a log of output values for the last 15 minutes. A log is taken every 10 seconds and displayed as a graph.

Displays Krohne order number, V-number,

Service number, Ex approval details, Main

CPU version (M16) and Companion CPU version (MSP).

Summary of the parameters entered in the

Quick setup menu is displayed here.

The TAG number can be seen and updated here. 8 characters max for HART.

Displays the distance from the flange face/ thread stop down to the end of the probe

(excluding counterweight for cable versions).

The mechanical design of the probe. The factory installed probe type is displayed.

The mechanical design of a cable probe’s bottom end. The device will not measure below the top of the counterweight. The factory-installed counterweight type is displayed.

Dielectric constant [Er] is a major parameter for TDR level measurement devices. This device is able to automatically calculate Er of the top product.

80

Operation

Test functions (Continued)

Function (Fct.)

B.2.10.0 Deposit correction factor

B.2.11.0 Application mode

Input Range

Read only.

Read only…Configured in setup mode: Level: air/1 liquid, Level: air/>1 liquid, Level: air/solids,

Interface: 2 liquids,

Interface: >2 liquids,

Interface: air/2 liquids,

Interface: air/>2 liquids,

Lev./Interf.: air/2 liquids or Lev./Interf.: air/>2 liquids.

According to the order

B.2.12.0 Error records Read only. See description.

Description

Displays the compensation required to account for measurement errors due to deposit on the probe.

Displays the optimal measurement algorithm applied for the measurement function and application conditions. Configured during application setup mode.

B.2.13.0 Measurement

Quality

B.2.14.0 Custom. length unit

Read only.

Read only.

B.2.15.0

Custom. conv. unit

Read only.

Displays a log of instrument errors. Scroll down the list and press enter to display error details. Opening a log will remove the error icon if it appeared in normal mode.

Displays continuously changing current measurement status.

Displays length unit name defined by the customer for conversion in menu item

C.5.1.7

Displays conversion unit name defined by the customer in menu item C.5.1.9.

Advanced setup functions

Function (Fct.)

C.0.0.0

Advanced setup

Input Range

C.1.0.0

Installation setup

C.1.1.0

Installation type

C.1.2.0

Tank height

Socket, nozzle or stillwell.

Blocking distance to 60 m or

197 ft.

Probe length or according to the order

Description

This menu optimizes the configuration of the device.

This includes parameters for installation and application conditions. Also for defining conversion operations.

Defines the device tank mounting

Distance from the tank connecting flange face/thread stop down to the tank bottom.

81


Advanced setup functions (Continued)

Function (Fct.)

C.1.4.0

Nozzle/Stillwell height

C.1.5.0

Nozzle/Stillwell diameter

C.1.6.0

Probe length

C.1.9.0

Blocking distance

C.1.10.0

Reference offset

Input Range

0 to 60 m or 197 ft.

0.1 m or 4”

20 mm or 0.8” to 1000 mm or

40”.100 mm or 4”

Blocking distance to 4 m or

13 ft (single and double rod),

6 m or 20 ft (coaxial), 35 m or

115 ft (single or double cable).

According to the order

C.1.11.0

Tank bottom offset - tank height to 3000 m or

9840 ft.

0 m or 0 ft

C.1.12.0

Time constant

Detection delay (D.1.4.0) to probe length (C.1.6.0).

According to the probe type

- tank height to 50 m or 164 ft.

0 m or 0 ft

0 to 100 seconds.

5 sec (liquid) or 20 sec

(solid)

Description

Defines the height from the tank connecting flange face/thread stop down to the end of the mounting tube.

Defines the inner diameter of the tube

Probe length is the distance from the flange face/thread stop of the device down to the bottom end of the probe (including counterweight for cable versions).

If probe length has been modified, enter the new value here.

The non-measuring range at the top of the probe. It depends on the probe type and the installation.

Offset relating to a reference location (distance). This value is positive when the reference location is above the device flange face and negative if below.

Offset relating to a reference location (level). The device reference point for this parameter is the bottom of the tank, related to C.1.2.0 Tank height. This value is positive when the reference location is below the tank bottom and negative if above.

Using this function, the device processes several measurement readings to filter out disturbances.

Increasing the time constant will smoothen the integrated readings, decreasing will roughen the readings.

82

Operation


Function (Fct.)

C.1.13.0

Measuring mode

C.1.14.0

Product Er

C.1.15.0

Gas Er

C.1.16.0

Level threshold

Input Range

Automatic, direct or TBF.

Automatic

0.8 to 115.According to the top product selected in quick setup.

0.8 to 115.

1.0

8 Gains, 0 to +1.25V.

0.25V Gain 5

C.1.17.0

Interface threshold 8 Gains, 0 to +1.25V.

0.10V Gain 6

Description

The device is capable of detecting level readings utilizing different methods. Automatic mode selection is sufficient for most applications. Direct mode is recommended for Er

≥

1.6, depending on probe type. For products with Er<1.6, TBF mode is required.

A major parameter for TDR level measurement devices. For manually setting the Er value of the top product for interface applications or when using TBF mode.

A major parameter for TDR level measurement devices. This manually sets the Er value of the air/gas inside the tank.

Enables distinction between disturbances in the measurement signal and the actual level signal.

Enables distinction between disturbances in the measurement signal and the actual interface signal.

Enables distinction between disturbances in the measurement signal and the actual probe end signal.

C.1.18.0

Probe end threshold 8 Gains, 0 to +1.25V or -1.25 to 0V (depending on probe end pulse polarity in service menu item D.1.10.0).

Depends on Probe type

C.1.19.0

Units for tables

C.1.19.1

Length unit m, cm, mm, inch, ft, ft+inch+1/

18inch, ft+inch+1/32inch or free unit.

m or ft (US)

The device can perform volume and mass conversion operations by pairing values in a table. The units for the table columns can be picked from the lists here.

Pick the length unit to be used in volume/mass conversion table from the list. If free unit is selected, the unit given in item

C.5.1.7 is used.

83



Function (Fct.)

C.1.19.2

Conversion unit

Input Range

m³, L, US gal, GB gal, ft³, bbl,

Tons, kg, US tons, GB tons or free unit.

m³ or ft³ (US)

Description

Pick the conversion unit to be used in the conversion table from the list. If a mass conversion unit is directly selected here, a mass conversion table will be created

(volume conversion will then not be possible). If free unit is selected, the unit given in item

C.5.1.9 is used.

C.1.20.0

Product density 0 to 999.99 kg/m³.

0

A volume conversion table together with a product density greater than 0, could be used to calculate mass. If a mass conversion unit has already been directly selected, this menu is disabled.

C.1.21.0

Volume/Mass table Level: 0 m or 0 ft to tank height

(C.1.2.0)+tank bottom offset

(C.1.11.0)+reference offset

(C.1.10.0); volume: 0 m³ to tank volume.; mass: 0 kg to mass of full tank.

Give the number of value pairs needed. Enter the level and corresponding volume/ mass values. 50 pairs maximum.

C.1.22.0

Linearisation table 0 m or 0 ft to tank height

(C.1.2.0) + tank bottom offset

(C.1.11.0) + reference offset

(C.1.10.0).

Can increase accuracy via onsite calibration. Give the number of value pairs needed. Use an accurate alternative method of level measurement to give a corrective value to a given measurement. 50 pairs maximum.

C.2.0.0

I/O

C.3.0.0

Output 1 (HART)

C.3.1.0

C.3.2.0

Output function

4 mA setting

Level, volume/mass, distance, interface level*, interface distance*, interface volume*, ullage volume/mass, layer* or layer volume*. Level

0 m/m³/kg to 20 mA setting

(item C.3.3.0) of output function (item C.3.1.0) selected. 0 m/m³/kg

Defines characteristics of output1.

Pick the output function from the list. This is independent of the measurement function being displayed.

Assigns a measurement value to

4 mA

84

Operation


Function (Fct.)

C.3.3.0

20 mA setting

C.3.4.0

Output Range

C.3.5.0

Error handling

C.3.6.0

HART address

C.4.0.0

output 2 (passive)

C.4.1.0

Output Function

C.4.2.0

4 mA setting

C.4.3.0

20 mA setting

C.4.4.0

Output Range

C.4.5.0

Error handling


4 mA setting (item C.3.2.0) to max value defined by output function (item C.3.1.0) selected. Depends on output

function


20 mA

3.8-20.5 mA-NAMUR or 4-20 mA.

3.8-20.5 mA-NAMUR

3.6 mA, 22 mA or Hold.

22 mA

0 to 15.0

Defines the behaviour of the output 1 in case an error occurs.

Sets the effective range of current output with or without over-run.

Defines the behaviour of the current output in case an error occurs. Hold is available only if 4-

20 mA is selected (item C.3.4.0).

Any HART address greater than 0 will enable HART Multidrop mode

(current output fixed at 4mA).

You can set the output function for output 2 (passive) and scale the current values.

The output function can be picked from the list. The function assigned to the output is independent of the function being displayed.

Level, volume/mass, distance, interface level*, interface distance*, interface volume*, ullage volume/ mass, layer* or layer volume*.

Interface level*

0 m/m³/kg to 20 mA setting

(item C.3.3.0) of output function (item C.3.1.0) selected. 0 m/m³/kg

4 mA setting (item C.3.2.0) to max value defined by output function (item C.3.1.0) selected.

Depends on output function

3.8-20.5 mA-NAMUR or 4-20 mA.

3.8-20.5 mA-NAMUR

3.6 mA, 22 mA or Hold.

22 mA


4 mA.


20 mA.

Defines the behaviour of the output 2 in case an error occurs.

Sets the effective range of current output with or without over-run.

Defines the behaviour of the current output in case an error occurs. Hold is available only if 4-

20 mA is selected (item C.4.4.0).

85



Function (Fct.)

C.5.0.0

Device setup

C.5.1.0

Display settings


You will find the complete list of menu items relating to the setup of the device here.

This includes parameters for

Human Machine Interface and measurement value formats.

Sets device display characteristics.

Sets the language for readings and configuration.

C.5.1.1

C.5.1.2

C.5.1.3

C.5.1.4

C.5.1.4

Contrast menu

Length unit

Level 1 up to level 9.

Level 1

m, cm, mm, inch, ft, ft+inch+1/

18inch, ft+inch+1/32inch or free unit. m or ft (US)

C.5.1.5

C.5.1.6

Volume unit

Mass unit m³, L, US gal, GB gal, ft³ or bbl. m³ or ft³

Tons, kg, US tons or GB tons.

kg

C.5.1.7

Customer length unit 9 characters max.

C.5.1.8

Language

Display mode

Time delay

Customer length ratio

English, German, French,

Spanish, Portuguese, Italian,

Japanese, Mandarin, Russian.

English + language ordered

Disable, Auto-off or default screen.

Auto off

1, 3, 5 or 10 minutes.

1

Defines the status of the display after a given time delay. ‘Disable’ deactivates this functionality,

‘Auto-off’ switches off the display and ‘Default screen’ will show the selected default screen. The default screen can be selected in Normal mode by pressing the down key for three seconds and confirmed with enter key.

Determines the time after which the display will switch to the status set in C.5.1.2 Display mode.

Select the wanted contrast

1 to 99999.

1

Displayed length unit in normal mode.

Displayed volume unit in normal mode.

Displayed mass unit in normal mode.

Customer-defined length unit to be displayed.

Enter the factor between C.5.1.4

Length unit selected and C.5.1.7

Customer length unit. Relative to

1 m

86

Operation


Function (Fct.)

C.5.1.9

Customer conversion unit

C.5.2.0

Passwords

Input Range

9 characters max.

C.5.2.1

Supervisor password

- Enable/disable

Enable or disable.

Enable

C5.2.2

Supervisor

C.5.2.3

Service

6 characters max using keypad right (R), enter (E), down (D) or up (U).

REDURE

6 characters max using keypad right (R), enter (E), down (D) or up (U).

C.6.0.0

Reset

C.6.1.0

Factory Reset Confirm to reset.

C.6.2.0

Customer Reset

C.6.3.0

Restart

Confirm to reset.

Confirm to reset.

Description

A customer-defined conversion unit for the conversion table.

Activates or deactivates device configuration protection (for all functions listed in this section)

Modifies the supervisor password.

To confirm the change, the new password must be entered twice.

Modifies the service password.

To confirm the change, the new password must be entered twice.

Resets all parameters to their factory defaults. Device settings before the reset will be lost.

Service personnel only.

Resets parameters for all functions listed in this section to their factory defaults. Device settings before the reset will be lost.

Will restart the device like a power shut down.

Service functions

Function (Fct.)

D.0.0.0 Service

D.1.0.0

Service parameters

Input Range

D.1.1.0

Product separation Yes, No.

Depends on application define in Quick setup

D.1.2.0

CIP system Yes, No.


Description

This menu contains specific menu items, which permit expert users to service the device.

Enables you to select or not a decanting process (mixed products that separate over time).

If YES is selected and the signal is lost, the gauge will search for a reflection along the whole probe length. CIP is linked to item

D.1.11.1, D.1.11.2, D.1.11.3.

87


Service functions (Continued)

Function (Fct.) Input Range

D.1.3.0

Reference threshold 8 Gains, -1.25V to 0V.

-0.45V Gain 2

Description

This function enables to check the emitted pulse amplitude. It determines if the amplitude is high enough to measure properly.

D.1.4.0

D.1.5.0

Detection delay

Flange detection

0 to Blocking distance.

Depends on Blocking distance

Yes, No.

Depends on the probe type

The detection delay defines the non-analysing range at the top of the probe, from the flange up to the blocking distance.

The device is able to verify the pulse at the flange (except for coaxial probe). It enables or disables the flange detection system.

This function enables to check the flange pulse amplitude if it exists.

Probe type is the mechanical design of the sensor.

D.1.6.0

D.1.7.0

D.1.8.0

Flange threshold

Probe type

Probe coating

8 Gains, -1.25V to 0V.

-0.1V Gain 0

Single rod Ø 8mm, Double rod Ø 8mm, Coax Ø 22mm,

Single cable Ø 4mm, Single cable Ø 8mm, Double cable

Ø 4mm. According to probe

delivered

None, PVC and PVDF (single rod), None and FEP (4 mm single cable). None

The probe coating material is displayed for information only.

D.1.9.0

Counterweight type None, 12x100mm, 38x245mm,

38x60mm, 20x100mm,

Chuck, Turnbuckle, Open End,

Crimped end and Threaded end.

Counterweight type is the mechanical design of cable probes’ end. The factory installed counterweight type is displayed. Choice depends on the application.

D.1.10.0

Probe end pulse 1, 0, -1.

Depends on Probe end type

Determine the pulse type for the probe end.Twin rod – cables-----

>Large weightSmall weight,only neg pulse,coax->Long probes

,maybe best selectionFor lost counter weight, should hold4ma/ or rod’s with no weight---->

D.1.11.0

Pulse search area Determine the behaviour of the device when the level pulse is lost.

88

Operation


Function (Fct.)

D.1.11.1

Entire (tank full)

Input Range

Yes, No.

Depends on CIP

D.1.11.2

Entire (tank empty) Yes, No.

Depends on CIP

D.1.11.3

D.1.12.0

Probe end (no pulse)

Parasite detection

Yes, No

Depends on CIP

Yes, No.


D.1.13.0

Snapshot first meter Yes, No.


D.1.14.0

Deposit correction Yes, No.


D.1.15.0

Deposit corr. factor 0.0 to 2.0.

1.0

D.1.16.0

Length attenuation 0.01 to 9.99 dB/m

0.45 dB/m

D.1.17.0

Mech. attenuation 0.0 to 2.0.

1.0

D.1.18.0

Interface min. layer 0 to 500 mm.

50 mm

Description

Determines if the device makes

(yes) or not (no) an entire search when the level pulse is lost in the full area. Full area is Blocking distance + 300 mm.

Determines if the device makes

(yes) or not (no) an entire search when the level pulse is lost in the empty area. Empty area is

Sensor length - Empty area (item

D.1.11.23).

Determines if the device looks for the probe end pulse or not when the level is lost.

Enable or disable the parasite detection system. A parasite scan will be done in case of yes is selected.

Enable or disable the snapshot system. An empty signal will be recorded on the first meter distance in case of yes is selected.

Due to possible deposit on the probe, measurement errors can occur. This error can be corrected by a deposit correction factor

(item D.1.15.0).

This factor compensates measurement errors due to deposit on the probe.

Determine the attenuation value all along the probe. This attenuation is depending on the probe type and used for level threshold calculation.

Determine the attenuation ratio between the emitted pulse and the flange.

Set the minimum detectable and displayed layer in case of level and interface measurement.

89



Function (Fct.) Input Range

D.1.19.0

Global search cycles 0 to 999.


Description

Determine the cycle number before enabling a global search.

If 0 is set, the global search is disabled. With the global search function pulses will be scanned from detection delay up to the sensor length.

Number of points used to define a valid pulse.

D.1.20.0

Peak detection count 1 to 999.

3

5 Recommended

D.1.21.0

Pulse loss tolerance 1 to 255.


D.1.22.0

Auto calc. Er

D.1.23.0

D.1.24.0

D.2.0.0

D.2.1.0

D.2.2.0

D.2.3.0

Empty Area

Linearity activation

Calibration param.

Converter offset

Elec. calib. ratio

Mech. calib. ratio

Yes, No.


0 to Sensor length.

300 mm

Yes, No.

No

0 to 99999 mm.

Depends on the calibration

1 to 999.99 µs/mm


1 to 999.99 µs/mm


Number of level or interface measurement lost before indicating error message.

The device is able to determine the dielectric constant of the first product.

Determines the area from the bottom end of the probe

(excluding counterweight) where the device will empty the tank in case of losing the level pulse.

The device can increase accuracy via on-site calibration with a linearization table. Maximal 50 pairs are possible. Linearity correction is enable if set to “yes”.

This menu contains specific menu items, which permit expert users to re-calibrate the device.

Defines the distance between emitted pulse and upper reference (flange face). This parameter is calibrated by factory and should not be changed.

Determines the calibration factor related to the electronic (time base board).

Determines the calibration factor related to the mechanic. This value depends on probe type.

90

Operation


Function (Fct.)

D.2.4.0

Correction factor

D.2.5.0

Out. 1 calib. 4 mA

Input Range

0.5 to 2.0.

1.0

5.7 mA

D.2.6.0

Out. 1 calib. 20 mA

17.0 mA

D.2.7.0

Out. 2 calib. 4 mA

5.7 mA

D.2.8.0

Out. 2 calib. 20 mA

17.0 mA

Description

The correction factor allows linear rescaling of the measured distance.

Set the measured current output value.




Menu items C.3.2.0 and 4.2.0: 4 mA setting range

Output function

Level

Level volume/ mass

Distance

Minimum value

0 m

0.00 m3/

0.00 Kg

0 m

Interface level

Interface distance

0 m

0 m

Interface volume/ mass 0.00 m3

Ullage volume/ mass

Layer

Layer volume/ mass

0.00 m3/

0.00 Kg

0 m

0.00 m3

Maximum value

< 20 mA setting for level

< 20 mA setting for level volume/ mass

< 20 mA setting for distance

< 20 mA setting for interface level

< 20 mA setting for interface distance

0 m

0 m

< 20 mA setting for interface volume/ mass 0 m³

< 20 mA setting for distance volume/ mass 0 m³/

0 Kg

< 20 mA setting for layer

< 20 mA setting for layer volume/ mass

0 m

0 m³

Default

0 m

0 m³/

0 Kg

0 m

91


Menu items C.3.3.0 and 4..0: 20 mA setting range

Output function Minimum value Maximum value Default

Level

Level volume/ mass

Distance

Interface level

> 4 mA setting for level Tank height + TBO + RO

> 4 mA setting for level volume/ mass

Tank height + TBO - BD

Max value in volume/ mass table Max value in volume/ mass table

Tank height + TBO + RO Tank height + RO > 4 mA setting for distance

> 4 mA setting for interface level

Tank height + TBO + RO Tank height + TBO - BD

Tank height + TBO + RO Tank height + RO Interface distance > 4 mA setting for interface distance

Interface volume/ mass

Ullage volume/ mass

> 4 mA setting for interface volume/ mass

> 4 mA setting for ullage volume/ mass



Layer

Layer volume/ mass

> 4 mA setting for layer Tank height + TBO + RO

> 4 mA setting for layer volume/ mass

Tank height - BD

Max value in volume/ mass table Max value in volume/ mass table where,

BD is menu item C.1.9.0, Blocking Distance

RO is menu item C.1.10.0, Reference Offset

TBO is menu item C.1.11.0, Tank Bottom Offset

92

Operation

4.2.4 Advanced setup: further notes

General notes

The menu items listed below may only be re-configured by a user with supervisor rights.

Using the advanced setup menu, you can

• change the parameters for one or more functions without going through a quick setup procedure

• use individual menu items to manually override automatic settingq assigned during quick setup procedures

Critical parameters

Risk of measurement error

93


Finding the advanced setup menu

Program mode

Login Screen

Login Screen

Supervisor Service

Password:

******

Main Menu

Quick Test Advanced Service

Setup Setup

Advanced Setup

Installation

Installation Type

Tank Height

Nozzle Height

Nozzle Diameter

Probe Length Modif.

Blocking Distance

Reference Offset

Tank Bottom Offset

Time Constant

Measuring Mode

Product Er

Gas Er

Level Threshold

Interface Threshold*

Probe End Threshold

Units for Tables

Product Density

Volume/Mass Table

Linearisation Table

Output 1 (HART)

Output Function

4 mA Setting

20 mA Setting

Output range

Error Handling

HART Address

Reset

Factory Reset

Customer Reset

Restart


Output Function

4 mA Setting

20 mA Setting

Output range

Error Handling

Device Setup

Display Settings

Language

Display Mode

Time Delay

Length Unit

Volume Unit

Mass Unit

Custom. Length Unit

Custom. Length Ratio

Custom. Conv. Unit

Passwords

Sup Pw Ena/Disable

Supervisor

Service

94

Operation

How to protect your gauge settings

Protect your settings by following this path to the Passwords menu

Advanced Setup > Device Setup > Passwords

Using this menu, you can

• switch on or off restricted access to program mode for which a supervisor password is needed. If switched off, all users will be able to display device information and change quick setup and advanced setup settings.

• change the supervisor password

Changing the supervisor password

1. From the Advanced Setup menu, select the Device Setup submenu, then

Supervisor.

2. Type the new password (six characters using any of the four keys below the screen) then retype it to confirm. If the second set of characters is not the same as the first, the device will display the error. Press “escape” to reset and repeat step 2.

3. The screen will return automatically to the Password submenu.

Passwords

Sup Pw Ena/Disable

>

Supervisor

Service

Supervisor

New Password

_

Confirm Password

Example:

Supervisor

New Password

******

Confirm Password

******

, then

Press "Esc" or

Supervisor

New Password

******

Confirm Password

******

Password Mismatch

(incorrect!)

95


Distance measurement

Distance measurement depends on a number of factors, covered in the menu items below

• tank height

• blocking distance

• reference offset

These will influence the effective measuring range of a TDR level meter and the point from which measurements are taken.

Tank height, function C1.2.0

Blocking distance, function C.1.9.0

4 mA setting, function C.3.2.0

20 mA setting, function C.3.3.0

Maximum effective measuring range

Non-measurement zone

96

Operation

Tank height

function C.1.2.0

The height of the tank from the top of the tank process connection facing to the tank bottom. If not indicated in the order, this is set at the factory to probe length.

Blocking distance

function C.1.9.0

Refer to section 7.1.2: Technical data, blocking distance for the minimum recommended value for a given probe type. This prevents the device from displaying measurements within this distance to the flange and avoids confusion with parasite signals near to the flange.

Reference offset

function C.1.10.0

Configure the device to measure the distance to the product surface using a reference point other than the default flange facing.

Move the reference point above the flange facing by typing in a positive value.

Move the reference point below the flange facing by typing in a negative value.

+ 50 m or 164 ft.

Reference offset, function C.1.10.0


- Tank height

97


Scaling the current output

The current output setup mode is used to create current output scales for the first and second (if ordered) outputs that meet your requirements. You must define:

1. Output function function C.3.1.0 (output 1-level) function C.4.1.0 (output 2-Interface level?)

2. 4 mA setting function C.3.2.0 (output 1) function C.4.2.0 (output 2)


4 and 20 mA settings are defined in terms of distance from the flange facing or reference offset. These are the minimum and maximum points of your measuring scale.

Using the optional second output, you can set up a separate scale for measuring interface

98

Operation

Risk of measurement error

Do not set 4 mA setting within the device’s blocking distance. Interference signals within this zone will block the signal and freeze the reading before it reaches the measuring range limit.

Level measurement

As for distance measurement above, level is influenced by

• tank height

• blocking distance

The reference point from which it is measured can be moved using

• tank bottom offset

Tank height

function C.1.2.0

Level is derived from distance and tank height (tank height - distance).

Note that when the tank has a curved tank bottom, the radar waves will reflect off the point directly below the device. A small non-measureable zone is sometimes present (see diagram below). Set the tank height above this zone: this has the advantage of setting the zero reference for level measurement above the nonmeasurement zone to effectively ignore it.

1

2

3

0 %

100 %

0 %

1. Tank height function

(C.1.2.0) configured to true tank height.

Default zero reference for level is shown in green on the right of the illustration.

2. Tank height function

(C.1.2.0) configured to above the cable probe counterweight (probe end for coaxial and rod probes). Default zero reference is shown in red.

3. Non-measurement zone where the reading on the display freezes if part of the range is in this zone.

99



function C.1.9.0

As for distance measurement above.

Tank bottom offset

function C.1.11.0

Configure the device to measure product level using a reference point other than the configured tank height (position of tank bottom in relation to the tank flange).

Move the reference point below the tank bottom by typing in a positive value

(up to 3000 m or 9843 ft. below). Move the reference point above the default zero by typing in a negative value.

As an example, you could set the device to measure level in terms of height above sea level.

- Tank height


0

Reference offset, function C.1.10.0

+ 3000 m or +9843 ft.

100

Operation

Scaling the current output

The current output setup mode is used to create current output scales for the first and second (if ordered) outputs that meet your requirements. You must define:

1. Output function function C.3.1.0 (output 1-distance) function C.4.1.0 (output 2-other: interface distance?)



4 and 20 mA settings are defined in terms of distance from the tank bottom or tank bottom offset. These are the minimum and maximum points of your measuring scale.

Using the optional second output, you can set up a separate scale for measuring interface.

Volume or mass measurement


function C.1.21.0

101


Other relevant menu items are

Length unit [for table]

function C.1.19.1

Conversion unit [for table]

function C.1.19.2

Length unit [display]

function C.5.1.4.

Volume unit [display]

function C.5.1.5

Mass unit [display]

function C.5.1.6

Custom. length unit [display]

function C.5.1.7

Custom. length ratio [display]

function C.5.1.8

Custom. conv. unit [display]

function C.5.1.9

You can define your own length and conversion units with the last three functions.

When configuring the device to measure volume, we recommend that you use the conversion setup mode: all relevant parameters are covered.

You can type in up to 50 value pairs (level-volume, level-mass or level-free unit).

• Level should be taken from the bottom of the device’s measuring range

(tank height).

• Concentrate points in areas where there are curved surfaces or abrupt changes in cross-sectional area (see example in the diagram and table below)

- this will improve measurement accuracy.

11

10

9

8

Tank

102

7

6

4

2

5

3

1

Tank model

using plotted points

Operation

Shortening the probe

Probe Length Modif.

function C.1.6.0

Shorten the probe if the length does not correspond exactly to your needs.

Procedure: Single rod and coaxial probes

1. Cut probe to the correct length

2. Reconfigure probe length in the device program mode. This can be found on the following path Advanced Setup > Installation > Probe Length Modif

Procedure: Single and double cable probes

(except the crimped Ø12x100 mm rod counterweight for the Ø8 or 0.3” Single cable probe)

1. Remove the counterweights by removing the M6 socket set screws holding the weights onto the cable. You will need a 3 mm hexagon key.

2. Cut the cables to the correct length - use a good quality cable cutter to avoid the strands from splaying

3. Remount the counterweights and retighten the socket set screws.

4. Reconfigure probe length in the device program mode as in the procedure above.

2

1

3

20 or

0.8"

M8

Single cable probe example

1. M6 socket set screws (2) retaining counterweight on the cable

2. Ø4 mm or 0.15” cable

3. Ø20 x 100 mm (0.8 x 4”) counterweight

103


Low-dielectric non-standard products: how to measure them correctly

As described in section 8: Measuring principle, the device can measure low dielectric products. However, certain situations such as

• build-up on the antenna and nozzle

• products that do not correspond to preset conditions available in the quick setup menus

• parasite signals from unavoidable nearby obstructions in the tank can affect device performance.

You can use the following menu items to regulate the device’s ability to track product level

• Measuring mode

• Product r

• Gas r

• Level threshold

• Interface threshold

• Probe end threshold

• Signal screen editing mode [distance of target signal and reference threshold]

Measuring mode

function 1.13.0

The supervisor can use this function to measure products with low dielectric constants (k _< 1.6). For further information regarding the measuring modes, please refer to the section 8: Measuring principle.

Three modes are available:

Automatic: the device selects either direct or TBF measurement mode based on parameters set in program mode and the strength of the reflection from the product

Direct: measurement is made from the reflection received directly from the product surface

TBF: TBF is an indirect measurement mode used for low-dielectric products.

The time for the probe end reflection to return to the device electronics is used to measure level. Product er becomes an important factor in these applications

Product

 r

function C.1.14.0 [only when using TBF mode or measuring interface]

An exact value for dielectric constant,r, should be entered when measuring products with low dielectric constant. If this value is not known, then leave at the default value of 2. However, in this case expect reduced accuracy and/or skipping of the measured value on changeover from TBF to direct mode. If too low then the level will read higher than it actually is and vice versa.

104

Operation

Gas

r

function C.1.15.0

In solid applications where there is a lot of dust in the air above the product it may be necessary incease the value of Gas r slightly to improve accuracy. Please contact our local service centers for further assistance. For all other applications use the the default value of 1. Use this function if the probe is entirely coated with a regular layer of residue or dust from the product.

Thresholds

As explained in the measuring principle, DR7100 emits a low-power electromagnetic signal that reflects back from the the product surface and any other protuding objects in the tank. These signals are converted to voltage amplitudes by the signal converter.

Reflections from the internal tank components are known as parasite or interference signals. A method of filtering out these signals, called thresholds, permits reflections under a given voltage amplitude to be ignored and measurements to be made correctly. As voltage amplitude also decreases over distance, this threshold decreases according to a mathematical formula.

The first return signal over the threshold is identified as the product surface.

Once identified, the signal converter has to process the signal: it amplifies the signal (defined by levels of Gain: 0 to 3) to use it for measurement purposes. A strong return signal will be given a Gain 0 or low amplification, while a weak signal will be given Gain 3 or high amplification.

Normally the signal converter will automatically identify the signals to be measured and adjust the Gain to follow the same signal along the length of the probe as the tank is filled or emptied. However, if there are large and/or too many other objects in the tank and the signal converter has problems following the signal then the threshold may need adjusting manually to suit the installation.

The DR7100 allows three thresholds to be modified manually:

Menu item C.1.16.0 level: for identifying the top product surface,

Menu item C.1.17.0 interface: for identifying the interface when there is more than one product in the tank and

Menu item C.1.18.0 probe end: for identifying the end of the probe (important for TBF mode)

In order for the user to identify the correct signal, the signal screen in normal mode must be used. As described in Operator control, this displays the 5 to 10 biggest reflections in terms of voltage amplitude/mV against distance/m. The user can move the cursor from point to point to obtain values for each point.

Knowing the real distance of the level, interface or probe end from the flange face, the correct value can be identified. A voltage amplitude value slightly less than the correct value but higher than the interference signals can then be typed into the relevant threshold function to allow the signal converter to correctly identify what it should be monitoring.

105


Level threshold

function C.1.16.0

The diagram below shows what the user would see if the return signals were displayed on an oscilloscope. The level threshold function is active from the flange return signal and is used to ignore an interference signal from a protuding object above the product surface.

Voltage amplitude/V

2.7

1

2.5

2

5

3

4

0

0

6 7 time/n distance = f

Gas (Air)

Product 1

1. Initial pulse

2. Flange reflection (not present when coaxial probe used)

3. Parasite reflection (limit switch)

4. Product level reflection

5. Level threshold (voltage amplitude decreases in 2m or 6.5ft steps.

6. Offset - distance from the signal converter to the flange

7. Distance to product level

106

Operation

Interface threshold

function C.1.17.0

When there is more than one product in the tank, a second threshold is required to identify interface level.

When the DR7100 is switched on it will:

• identify the closest reflection to the flange above the level threshold as being the top product surface and

• identify the next largest reflection that is above the interface threshold as being the interface.

The diagram below shows what the user would see if the return signals were displayed on an oscilloscope. The interface threshold function is active from the flange return signal and is used to ignore interference signals.

Voltage amplitude/V

1

2

5

8

3

4

0

0

6 7 time/ns distance = f (time)

Gas (Air)

Product 1

Product 2

1. initial pulse

2. flange reflection

3. level reflection

4. interface reflection

5. interface threshold

6. measurement not dielectric constant dependant

7. measurement dielectric constant dependant

8. level threshold

107


Probe end threshold

function C.1.18.0

This function is used for applications where the product measured has a low dielectric constant. Products with low dielectric constants must sometimes be measured using tank bottom following mode, using the probe end as a reference.

In some cases the return signal may be so weak that manual adjustment on the probe end threshold is necessary to ignore interference signals.

The diagram below shows what the user would see if the return signals were displayed on an oscilloscope. The probe end threshold function is active from the flange return signal.

Voltage amplitude/V

1

2

4

3

0

0 time/ns distance = f (time)

Gas (Air)

Product 1

1. Initial pulse

2. Flange reflection

3. Probe end reflection

4. Probe end threshold

108

Operation

On-site device calibration

Linearisation table

function C.1.22.0

For on-site calibration.

Linearisation procedure

1. Fill the tank to any given level.

2. Go to the linearisation table menu item via advanced setup > installation.

The level reading will be displayed with the possibility to enter a different value

3. Make an appropriate reference measurement.

4. Type in the corrected value and confirm

5. Repeat procedure (50 points maximum).

109


4.3 Error messages and troubleshooting (device display Wizard)

When the device detects a problem, an error icon is shown at the top left of the display screen’s header bar. The error is logged in the instrument.

!

Error icon

!

How to troubleshoot errors

Go to menu item B.2.6.0 Error records in program mode to read find out which errors have been logged

Program mode > Test > Error records

1. Scroll through the error list using the up and down buttons to select the error log you want. Five errors are listed per page - scroll down the list to view other pages.

1

3

Error records

Fatal Lock Detect Fa...

Warning Measurement L...

RAM Check Fai...

> Fatal

...

...

2

1. Type of error

2. Brief description of error

3. Selection bar

Esc

2. Scroll to the error log you want and press the enter button to view details.

For example

1

Note

RAM Check Failed at

Location 2000 H

2

Fatal 1 Hour

3

1. Full error description

2. Type of error (Fatal or Warning)

3. Time since error occurred

Esc

The time since the error occurred (see item 3 above) will not include any period of time when the device has been switched off.

The Normal Mode error alert icon disappears once you open the error record.

110

Operation

List of possible errors

Two types of errors are logged

1. Fatal (F): the measured value may not be correct.

2. Warning (W): the measured value is correct but may no longer be if the problem persists.

This is a complete list of error messages and corrective action you can take

Error Message

Measurement status

Level measurement lost

W

Type of

Error

Fault

Level measurement high

Level measurement low

F

W

Action

The device can no longer find the product surface

Check the tank contents using another (visual?) method. If the tank is empty, in other words below the probe end, then fill the tank until product level is in the measurement range. If the tank is full, that is to say within the blocking distance, then empty tank until the level is back in the measuring range. If the product was lost and the tank is neither full nor empty, wait for the device to find the level again.

Danger of overflow! Empty tank contents to a safe level.

The product level is in the device’s set blocking distance or outside the measurement range. The measurement is either not correct or frozen.

The product is below the probe (and counterweight) and/or outside the measurement range. The measurement is either not correct or frozen.

Fill tank to at least the bottom of the measuring range to continue measurement.

111


List of possible errors (continued)

Interface measurement lost*

W

Interface measurement high*

F

Interface measurement low*

W

Layer measurement low*

W

The device can no longer find the interface

Check the tank contents using another (visual?) method. If the interface is too low (below the probe end), then fill the tank with interface product until it is in the set measurement range. If the interface too high, that is to say within the blocking distance, then empty tank until the interface is back in the measuring range. If interface is neither high or low then an emulsion may exist. Wait for the device to find the interface again.

Danger of overflow! Empty tank contents to a safe level.

The interface is in the device’s set blocking distance or outside the measurement range. The measurement is either not correct or frozen.

The product is below the probe (and counterweight) and/or outside the measurement range. The measurement is either not correct or frozen.

When the layer is less than

50 mm (2”) or below the probe end.

Fill tank to at least the bottom of the measuring range to continue measurement.

Fill tank with top product to at least 50 mm (2”) or fill with bottom product at least to at least the bottom of the measuring range to continue measurement.

Signal status

Reference pulse low amplitude

W

Reference pulse lost

F

Flange pulse lost W

Reference amplitude falls below threshold 1. Fault common to solid applications where ESD occurs.

Reference amplitude falls below threshold 2. Fault common to solid applications where ESD occurs.

Flange pulse amplitude falls below a set threshold. Never active for coaxial probes.

Check device and tank installation and earthing points immediately. Refer to section 1.2.3: Location; solid applications.

Contact Drexelbrook to check electronics is still functioning correctly

Check for build-up around the process connection.

Clean or modify the installation to avoid build-up.

Refer to section 1.2.1: Location; all applications.

Check that the probe does not touch the process connection. Modify nozzle height or consider anchoring the probe if this is caused by agitated products.

112

Operation


Level pulse lost W Level pulse amplitude falls below a set threshold.

Check for build-up along the probe. Contact

Drexelbrook for possible modification of the service parameter “Deposit Correction Factor”.

Interface pulse lost*

W Interface pulse amplitude falls below a set threshold.

Check for obstructions (agitator, support beam, etc) in the free space around the probes. These produce parasite signals. Either try to filter out the parasite signals using Level threshold function (refer to section 4.2.4: Advanced setup- further notes), move the device away from these obstructions or install in a stilling well or bypass chamber.

Does the product have a low dielectric constant

(<1.6)? Check the function “Measuring mode” is set to automatic so the device can choose the best measuring mode (direct or TBF) based on the operating conditions. Contact Drexelbrook for further advice.

Check for build-up along the probe. Contact

Drexelbrook for possible modification of the service parameter “Deposit Correction Factor”.

Check for obstructions (agitator, support beam, etc) in the free space around the probes. Take corrective action as for “level pulse lost”.

Probe end pulse lost

W

Large parasite pulse found near the flange

F

Large parasite pulse found

W

Probe end pulse amplitude is below a fixed threshold.

Will normally only occur while measuring in TBF mode.

Parasite signal is higher than either the level or interface thresholds. Found within one meter from the flange.

Parasite signal is higher than either the level or interface thresholds. Found more than one meter from the flange.

If the error message “interface measurement lost” is also displayed then an emulsion may exist. Wait for the device to find the interface again.

The product’s dielectric constant is too high. Set measurement mode to “Automatic” to let the device decide which mode is the best. If the measuring mode is set to “Direct” this will override device selection.

As for the error message “flange pulse lost”. Short circuits (the probe is touching the nozzle), tank internals and high-dielectric build-up on the probe are all possible causes.

As for error message “level pulse lost”.

113



Operating Status

Overfill F

Dielectric constant out of range

W

Deposit Factor out of range

W

Tank full (product level outside measuring range).

Will be displayed if error message “level measurement high” is also displayed.

The dielectric constant calculated by the device is outside the given range.

The value calculated by the device is outside the given range.

As for error message “level measurement high”. For applications requiring WHG approval.

Check if the probe is touching the process connection (short circuit). Either anchor the probe end or install in a stilling well or bypass chamber.

Check the programmed probe length in Program

Mode under Test > Information > Probe length. If this does not correspond to the real value, modify in

Program Mode under Advanced setup > Installation setup > Probe length modif.

Check if error message “reference pulse low amplitude” is displayed. If so, check the installation’s earthing points immediately to reduce risk of damage to the device by ESD.

Only displayed in measuring in “Direct” mode.

Check probe length and modify if necessary as for error message “Dielectric constant out of range”

Check if “Probe end pulse lost” is displayed.

Contact Drexelbrook for information on how to reconfigure the device.

Hardware status

Front end out of order

5 volts faulty

F

F

Time base faulty or not running

Electronic offset out of range

Time out measurement cycle

F

W

W

The device hardware is faulty. Contact Drexelbrook.





* When “interface” or “level and interface” is selected in application setup mode.

114

Operation

Measurement quality

Using menu item B.2.13.0 measurement quality, you can read more information about the last measurement. Five error/status messages are available and are listed below.

Error Message Type of

Error

Fault Action

Measurement status

Level measurement lost W

Interface measurement lost*

W

The device can no longer find the product surface

The device can no longer find the interface

Check the tank contents using another

(visual?) method. If the tank is empty, in other words below the probe end, then fill the tank until product level is in the measurement range. If the tank is full, that is to say within the blocking distance, then empty tank until the level is back in the measuring range. If the product was lost and the tank is neither full nor empty, wait for the device to find the level again.

Check the tank contents using another

(visual?) method. If the interface is too low (below the probe end), then fill the tank with interface product until it is in the set measurement range. If the interface too high, that is to say within the blocking distance, then empty tank until the interface is back in the measuring range.

If interface is neither high or low then an emulsion may exist. Wait for the device to

Signal status

Reference pulse low amplitude

W Reference amplitude falls below threshold 1.

Fault common to solid applications where ESD occurs.

Check device and tank installation and earthing points immediately. Refer to section 1.2.3: Location; solid applications.

Operating Status

115


Measurement quality (continued)

Dielectric constant out of range

W

Deposit Factor out of range W

The dielectric constant calculated by the device is outside the given range.

Check if the probe is touching the process connection (short circuit). Either anchor the probe end or install in a stilling well or bypass chamber.

Check the programmed probe length in

Program Mode under Test > Information >

Probe length. If this does not correspond to the real value, modify in Program Mode under Advanced setup > Installation setup

> Probe length modif.

The value calculated by the device is outside the given range.

Check if error message “reference pulse low amplitude” is displayed. If so, check the installation’s earthing points immediately to reduce risk of damage to the device by

ESD.

Only displayed in measuring in “Direct” mode. Check probe length and modify if necessary as for error message “Dielectric constant out of range”

Check if “Probe end pulse lost” is displayed. Contact Drexelbrook for information on how to reconfigure the device.

* When “interface” or “level and interface” is selected in application setup mode.

116

Functional Check

5.0 Functional checks

Using the device menu Program mode > Test, you can check the device outputs and perform common tests. You can display output values or assign test values in milliamperes to the outputs. In addition, internal test routines can be run.

Input Range Description Function (Fct.)

B.0.0.0 Test

B.1.0.0 Test

B.1.1.0 Show output 1

B.1.2.0 Set output 1

B.1.3.0 Show output 2

B.1.4.0 Set output 2

B.1.5.0 Internal test

B.2.0.0 Information

B.2.1.0 Outputs

B.2.2.0 15 min. log

B.2.3.0 Device I.D.

B.2.4.0 Quick setup summary

B.2.5.0 TAG number

Read only.

3.6, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16,

18, 20 or 22 mA. 4 mA

Read only.

3.6, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16,

18, 20 or 22 mA. 4 mA

Read only.

Read only.

Read only.

Read only.

Read only.

9 characters max.

Drexelbrook

This checks the device outputs and performs common device tests.

This displays analogue output 1 value [mA].

This sets analogue output 1 to a test value [mA] selected from a list. Output will change to selected value, independent of measurement value.

This displays analogue output 2 value [mA].

This sets analogue output 2 to a test value

[mA] from a list. Output will change to selected value, independent of measurement value.

This initiates the hardware test. The device displays the results.

A summary of information relating to the device.

This displays analogue output settings including assigned functions, 4 … 20 mA scale settings,error handling and HART parameters.

This displays a log of output values for the last

15 minutes. A log is taken every 10 seconds and displayed as a graph.

This displays device order no,V-no, service no, firmware 1 version, firmware 2 version, firmware 3 version and Ex approval details.

Summary of the parameters entered in the

Quick setup menu is displayed here.

The TAG number can be seen and updated here

117


Functional checks (continued)

B.2.6.0

B.2.7.0

B.2.8.0

B.2.9.0

Probe length

Probe type

Counterweight type

Calculated Er value

From C.1.9.0 Blocking distance to 60 m or 197 ft. 3

m or 10 ft

Read only.

Read only.

Read only.

The distance from the flange face/thread stop down to the bottom end of the probe

(including counterweight for cable versions).

The factory set value for probe length is displayed. If probe length has been modified, the new value is shown.

The mechanical design of the probe. The factory installed probe type is displayed.

The mechanical design of a cable probe’s bottom end. The device will not measure below the top of the counterweight. The factory-installed counterweight type is displayed.

Dielectric constant [Er] is a major parameter for TDR level measurement devices. This device is able to automatically calculate and display here the Er of the top product.

B.2.10.0 Deposit correction factor Read only.

B.2.11.0 Application mode

B.2.12.0 Error records

Read only…Configured in setup mode: Level: air/1 liquid, Level: air/>1 liquid,

Level: air/solids, Interface:

2 liquids, Interface: >2 liquids, Interface: air/2 liquids, Interface: air/>2 liquids, Interface: inverted Er,

Lev./Interf.: air/2 liquids or

Lev./Interf.: air/>2 liquids.

This displays the correction factor needed to account for measurement errors due to deposit on the probe.

This displays the application description of the measurement algorithm applied for the measurement function and application conditions.Configured during application setup mode.

Read only. See description.

This displays a log of instrument errors. Scroll down the list and press enter to display error details. Opening a log will remove the error icon if it appeared in normal mode.

B.2.13.0 Measurement Quality Read only.

B.2.14.0 Custom. length unit

B.2.15.0 Custom. conv. unit

Read only.

Read only.

Displays continuously changing present measurement status.

Displays length unit name defined by the customer for conversion in menu item C.5.1.7

Displays conversion unit name defined by the customer in menu item C.5.1.9.

118

Service and Maintenance

6.0 Service and maintenance

6.1 General notes

Maintenance is normally not required in standard applications. However, heavy deposits on the probe may cause measurement deviations or faulty operation.

Warranty statement

Servicing by the customer is limited by warranty to

• removal and replacement of the housing containing the potted signal converter. Can be detached from the flange system under process conditions.

Refer to section 6.2.

Other repairs must be done by Drexelbrook-authorized service staff.

119


6.2 Signal converter replacement Procedure

Do not loosen flange bolts

Disconnect the device from the power supply

1. Disconnect all wires

(refer also to Section 2.1.2: Wiring procedure).

2. Unscrew M10 socket head set screw on the housing support pillar with a

5 mm hexagon key.

3. Remove the housing by sliding it up and off the adaptor collar pin.

4. Remount the signal converter using the same procedure.

Equipment in hazardous areas

Before replacing the signal converter in hazardous locations, make absolutely sure that there is no risk of explosion (gas-free certificate). For further information refer to the approval certificate and the special manual for devices approved for use in the potentially explosive atmospheres.

120

Technical Data

7.0 Technical data

7.1.1 Technical data

Input

Function:

Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR )

Parameter:

Level, distance, volume and/or interface

Max. measuring range: Double rod Ø8 mm/ 0.3”

Single rod Ø8 mm/ 0.3”

Coaxial Ø22 mm/ 0.9”

Double cable Ø4 mm/ 0.15”

Single cable Ø4 mm/ 0.15”

Single cable Ø8 mm/ 0.3”

Output

Output signal:

Output 1

Output 2 (optional)

4 m/ 13 ft

4 m/ 13 ft

6 m/ 20 ft

35 m/ 115 ft

35 m/ 115 ft

35 m/ 115 ft

4 … 20 mA & HART® signal selectable: 3.8 … 20.5 mA acc. to NAMUR NE43

& HART® signal

4 … 20 mA (no HART® signal) selectable: 3.8 … 20.5 mA acc. to NAMUR NE43

Signal on alarm:

Max. load:

Errors can be displayed in a variety of formats

- Error icon on display screen in normal mode

- Text warnings on display screen for errors in program mode

- Current output (selectable: 3.6, 22 mA or Hold)

- Errors, warning & flag trends for digital interfaces

350 ohms

121


Technical data (continued)

Performance characteristics

Measuring accuracy

Reference conditions Temperature: acc. to IEC770

Pressure:

Rel. Air. Humidity:

Resolution:

Accuracy

Liquids:

(in direct mode)

Powders:

Interface:

Operating conditions

Installation

Installation instructions: see sections 1 and 2

Start-up time:

40 seconds

Emission angle:

0° (EM field size dependant on probe type)

+20°C ± 5°C/ +68°F ± 9°F

1013mbar abs. ± 20mbar or 14.69psig ± 0.29psi

60% ± 15%

± 1 mm/ ± 0.04“

± 2 mm/ 0.08”, when L < 10 m/ 33 ft;

± 0.03% of measured distance, if L > 10m

± 20 mm/ ± 0.8“

εr dependant

Environment

Ambient temperature:

-40…+80°C/ -40…+175°F;

EExi: -40…+60°C/ -40…+140°F*

Storage temperature:

-40…+85°C/ -40…+185°F

Accuracy:

0,05%/ rel. 20 mA; 20°C/ 70°F

Resolution:

± 2µA

Temperature drift:

Typically 50 ppm/K

Electromagnetic

Conforms to Directive 89/336/CEE in conjunction with EN 61326 (1+2) - compatiblity: immunity and emissions

122

Technical Data


Process

Temperature

Flange temperature:

Pressure

Thermal shock resistance:

Operating pressure:

-40…+200°C/ -40…+300°F

(Ex: refer to relevant device’s approval and temperature class*)

100°C/ min

-1…40 bar/ -14.5…580 psig*; subject to process connection used and flange temperature

1.4 for coaxial probe,

1.6 for single and double probes

Protection category:

* refer also to special manuals supplied with the device

Min. dielectric constant

(in direct mode):

IP 66/67 equivalent to NEMA 6-6X

Mechanical data

Dimensions:

Weight:

Material:

Process connections:

See section 7.2 Dimensions and weights

See section 7.2 Dimensions and weights

Housing

Single rod

Double rod

Coaxial

Single cable

Double cable

Process fitting

Gaskets

Thread: G 3/4…1 1/2; NPT 3/4…1 1/2;

Flanges: DN 25…DN 150

(PN 40/PN 16); 1”…8” (150 lbs/ 300 lbs); 10 K (40…100A)

Aluminium

316 L or HC22

316 L or HC22

316 L or HC22

316 or HC22

316

Stainless steel (1.4404/ 316L) or HC 22 (2.4602)

Viton (-40…+200°C/ -40…+300°F);

Kalrez 6375 (-20…+200°C/ -5 …+300°F)

123



Electrical connection for 2-wire power supply

Cable entry:

M20x1.5; 1/2 NPT; G 1/2

Terminals:

0.5…1.5 mm²

Terminals output

1/HART:

Non-Ex/ EEx i

EEx d

Terminals output 2:

** observe correct polarity of the electrical system

Non-Ex/ EEx i/ EEx d

Human interfaces

PACTware:

Display screen

(optional):

Open source device type manager for remote display

and configuration

160x160 pixels in 8-step greyscale with 4 keys. Wizard-driven.

9 languages available

24 Vdc (14 … 30 Vdc)* **

24 Vdc (20 … 36 Vdc)* **

24 Vdc (10…30 Vdc)* **

124

Technical Data

7.1.2 Blocking distance

Flange facing

A1

Gas (Air)

Product 1

Probe length

L

Tank height

A2

D

A1, the top blocking distance

The minimum distance from the flange to the top limit of the measuring range.

The measurement displayed on the gauge will freeze below this distance and an error warning will indicate that the level has has reached the blocking distance.

A2, the bottom blocking distance

A length at the end of the probe where measurement is not possible. For products with very low dielectric constants er < 5), accuracy may be affected in a nonlinear zone up to 150 mm or 6” above the bottom blocking distance, A2.

D, the non measurement zone

A zone where measurements cannot be taken (that is to say the counterweight, turnbuckle, and so on*). The measurement displayed on the gauge will freeze.

*especially for cable probes

L, the probe length

The length specified by the customer in the order including the counterweight.

125



Blocking distance, also known as the device’s dead zones, depends on the probe type fitted.

Probes

Single cable Ø8 mm or 0.3”

Single cable Ø4 mm or 0.15”

Single rod

Double cable

Double rod

Coaxial

Top dead zone

εr=80**

[mm or inch]

Bottom dead zone εr=80**

[mm or inch]

Top dead zone

εr=2.3**

[mm or inch]

Bottom dead zone εr=2.3**

[mm or inch]

200 or 8”

200 or 8”

200 or 8”

125 or 5”

125 or 5”

10 or 0.4”

10 or 0.4”

10 or 0.4”

10 or 0.4”

10 or 0.4”

10 or 0.4”

10 or 0.4”

250 or 10”

250 or 10”

250 or 10”

165 or 6½”

165 or 6½”

10 or 0.4”

50 or 2”

50 or 2”

50 or 2”

50 or 2”

50 or 2”

50 or 2”

*The dielectric constant of water is 80. The dielectric constant of oil is 2.3.

7.1.3 Hazardous areas

Please refer to Appendix A for devices approved for use in potentially explosive atmospheres.

126

7.2 Dimensions and weights

Level meter dimensions

Housing (without cable glands)

175 / 6.9

162 / 6.4

Probes

Coaxial Dbl rod Dbl cable Single cable Single rod Single cable

Ø22/0.9 Ø8/0.3 Ø4/0.15 Ø4/0.15 Ø8/0.3 Ø8/0.3

Bottom measurement limit of probe

Ø38/1.5

Ø20/0.8

Ø4mm or 0.15” single cable probe end versions

Ø38/1.5

counterweight threaded end crimped end open end turnbuckle chuck

20/

0.8

M8

100/ 4

70/ 2¾

Ø8/

0.3

55/ 2.2

127

9/

0.35

(172/ 6¾)


Technical Data


Ø4mm or 0.15” double cable probe end versions counterweight with internal thread counterweight with underhanging threaded rod counterweight with underhanging turnbuckle

M8

Ø38/1.5

289±46/ 11.4±1.8


M8

9/0.35

Dimensions in mm or inches

Weights

Housing and Connection (316 SS)

Housing

[kg]

3.3

[lb]

7.3

Flange connection DN 25…80 / ANSI 1”…3” 4…7 8.8…15.4

Flange connection DN 100...150 / ANSI 4”…6” 7…12 15.4…26.5

Thread connection 3 6.6

Probes


[kg/m]

0.12

[lb/ft)

0.08


Double cable 4mm or 0.15”

Single rod 8mm or 0.3”

Double rod 8mm or 0.3”

Coaxial 22mm or 0.9”

0.41

0.24

0.41

0.82

0.79

0.28

0.16

0.28

0.56

0.53

Note:

Wide range of counterweights and anchoring solutions available.

*

Only single cable 8mm / 0.3"

(solids application)

128

Measuring Principle

8.0 Measuring principle

8.1 General principle

This Guided-Radar (TDR) level meter has been developed from a tried and tested technology called Time Domain Reflectrometry (TDR). Other modern applications include checking for and locating damage along telecommunication cable lines.

The device sends low-power electromagnetic pulses of one nanosecond width along a rod or cable conductor. This pulse travels at a known speed: the speed of light. Upon reaching the surface of the product to be measured, the pulses are reflected back with a signal strength that is dependent on the dielectric constant, er, of that product (e.g. up to 80% of the pulse strength is reflected from the surface of water).

A product’s dielectric constant, er, is an electrical property. The strength of pulse reflection from the surface of the product being measured is registered by the instrument and converted into a signal amplitude in volts. The instrument measures the time between the emission and the reception of the signal: half of this time corresponds to the distance from the instrument reference point (the flange facing) to the product surface.

This value of time is converted into a 4 ... 20 mA output current or a digital signal.

Readings taken using this technology have the advantage of being uninfluenced by dust, foam, vapour, agitated and boiling surfaces. Pressure, temperature and density variations also have no effect. Refer to the Measurement modes section for variations and further details on the principle. The diagram below shows how TDR measurement of level works. At time, t, represented by a vertical line, the following occurs

• t0: EM pulse emitted.

• t1: Pulse travels down probe at the speed of light in air, V1.

• t2: Pulse reflected back from the top product.

• t3: Pulse travels back to the receiver at speed V1.

• t4: The receiver receives and records the level return signal.

The waveform below the diagram shows a snapshot of what the user would see on an oscilloscope.

t0 < t1 < t2 < t3 < t4

V1

Gas

(Air),

ε r0

Product

1,

ε r1

V1

Level = Time / 2

Emitted pulse Level signal

129


8.2 Measuring modes

This level meter can track product level using three measuring modes

Mode

Automatic

Description

The device determines automatically which is the most suitable mode (direct or

TBF) for measuring

Measurement is made from the reflection direct from the product surface Direct

Tank bottom following (TBF) Used for products with low dielectric constants, by measuring indirectly using the reflection from the probe end

Direct mode


This is described in the general principle.

Level and/or interface measurement

The interface distance can be measured when the top liquid has a lower dielectric constant than the one underneath.

The residual pulse left over from the reflection from the top liquid surface continues down the probe and is reflected from from the interface. The top liquid’s dielectric constant determines the speed of the electromagnetic pulse through the top liquid.

The distance to the interface can be calculated by the device if:

• The distance to the top product surface...and...

• The top product’s dielectric constant are known.

The layer, defined as the depth of the top product to the interface, must be at least 50 mm or 2” for the device to accurately calculate interface distance.

The diagram below shows how TDR works when measuring the level of two products. At time, t, represented by a vertical line, the following occurs:

t0: EM pulse emitted.

t1: Pulse travels down probe at the speed of light in air, V1.

t2: Part of pulse reflected back from top layer back to receiver, the rest of the pulse continues through the top product.

t3: Part of the pulse travels back to the receiver at speed, V1, while the rest of the pulse continues down probe through the top product at speed V2.

t4: The receiver receives and records the level return signal. The rest of the pulse continues down probe through the top product at speed V2.

t5: The rest of the pulse reflects from the interface.

t6: The rest of the pulse travels back through top product at speed, V2.

t7: The rest of the pulse travels through air at speed, V1.

t8: The receiver receives and records the interface signal.

130

Measuring Principle

The waveform below the diagram shows a snapshot of what the user would see on an oscilloscope.

t0 < t1 < t2 < t3 < t4 < t5 < t6 < t7 < t8

V1

Gas

(Air),

ε r0

Product

1,

ε r1

Product

2,

ε r2

V2

V1

V2

V1

Interface

Level = Time / 2

Emitted pulse Level signal Interface signal

TBF mode


This measuring mode is used when an insufficient amount of EM pulse energy is reflected back from the product surface (dielectric constant < 1.6). Most of the pulse is reflected back from the probe end.

This mode uses the principle that while not much of the pulse is reflected, the speed of the pulse changes as it goes through different media. For example, the speed of light in a product such as oil is lower than the speed of light in air.

If the time it takes for the pulse to reflected back from the probe end when the tank is empty is known, then the level can be calculated.

The difference between the time it takes for the pulse to be reflected back from the probe end when the the tank is full or partially filled and the time it takes for the pulse to be reflected back from the probe end when the the tank is empty is proportional to product level.

The diagram below shows how TDR works when the device is configured to measure the level of a product with a low dielectric constant.

Empty tank

At time, t, represented by a vertical line, the following occurs:



t2: Pulse reflected back from probe end.

t3: Pulse travels back to the receiver at speed, V1.

t4: The receiver receives and records the level return signal.

131


Partially-filled tank

At time, t, represented by a vertical line, the following occurs:



t2: Pulse travels down probe through the product at speed V2.

t3: Pulse reflected back from probe end.

t4: Pulse travels up probe through the product at speed V2.

t5: Pulse travels up probe at the speed of light in air, V1.

t6: The receiver receives and records the level return signal.

The waveforms below the diagrams shows a snapshot of what the user would see on an oscilloscope.

t0 < t1 < t2 < t3 < t4

V1

V1

Gas

(Air),

ε r0

V1 = C

0

V2 = C

0

εr

Gas

(Air),

ε

Product

1,

ε

Probe length = time / 2

Emitted pulse Probe end signal t0 < t1 < t2 < t3 < t4 < t5 < t6

V1

V1

V2

V2

Extra time to receive signal = level where

Emitted pulse Level signal

V1 = speed of light in a gas and

V2 = speed of light through the product.

132

Approvals

9.0 Approvals

Approvals for the CE-marking are standard. When ordered with the appropriate options, the device can be approved for use in hazardous areas.

Approval Type Description

CE-mark

ATEX

KEMA 07ATEX0069X

FM

CSA n/a Conforms to applicable EU directives. Device standard.

Ex ia ATEX II 1 G D or II 1/2 G D or II 2 G D;

EEx ia IIC T3 … T6 T65°C … T90°C IP 6X

Ex d ATEX II 1/2 G D or II 2 G D;

EEx d [ia] IIC T6 … T3 T65°C ... T90°C IP 6X

Ex ia Intrinsically Safe (IS)

IS CL I, DIV 1, GR A,B,C,D

DIP CL II, III, DIV 1, GR E,F,G

NI ANI CL I, DIV 2, GR A,B,C,D (FM Only)

DIP CL II, III, DIV 1 GR E,F,G

Sensor Probe suitable for use in DIV 1 or ZONE 0

CL I, Zone 0, AEx ia IIC

CL I, Zone 2, GR IIC

CL I, Zone 0, Ex ia IIC

T6, Ta = 60° C

Ex d Explosion Proof (XP)

XP CL I, DIV 1, GR A,B,C,D (FM Only) CL I, DIV 2, GR A,B,C,D

DIP CL II, III, DIV 1, GR E,F,G

NI ANI CL I, DIV 2, GR A,B,C,D (FM Only)

DIP CL II, III, DIV 2 GR F,G

Sensor Probe suitable for use in DIV 1 or ZONE 0

CL I, Zone 0, AEx d ia IIC

CL I, Zone 2, GR IIC

CL I, Zone 0, Ex d ia IIC

T6, Ta = 60° C

133

Section 10

Factory Assistance

10.0 Factory Assistance

Telephone Assistance

If you have questions about your AMETEK Drexelbrook equipment:

• Contact your local Drexelbrook representative

• Call the Drexelbrook Service department toll-free at:

1-800-527-6297 (US and Canada) or

215-674-1234 (Outside North America)

• Fax the following information to the Service department at:

215-443-5117.

To expedite assistance, please provide the following information:

Instrument Model Number: _______________________________________

Original Purchase order number: __________________________________

Material being measured: _________________________________________

Temperature: ____________________________________________________

Pressure: ________________________________________________________

Agitation: _______________________________________________________

Brief description of the problem: ___________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Checkout procedures that have failed: _____________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Equipment Return / Warranty

In order to provide the best service, any equipment being returned for repair or credit must be pre-approved and have a return number issued by the factory.

In many applications, the equipment is exposed to hazardous materials.

• OSHA mandates that our employees be informed and protected from hazardous materials.

• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) listing the hazardous material that the system has been exposed to must accompany any return.

• It is your responsibility to fully disclose all chemicals and decontaminate the returned items.

135


Equipment Return (Continued)

To obtain a return authorization number (RA#), contact the Service department at:

1-800-527-6297 (US and Canada) or

215-674-1234 (Outside North America).

Please provide the following information:

Model Number of Returned Equipment: ____________________________

Serial Number: __________________________________________________

Original Purchase Order Number: _________________________________

Process Material that the equipment has been exposed: _____________

MSDS for any hazardous materials

Billing Address: __________________________________________________

Shipping Address: ________________________________________________

Purchase Order Number for Repairs: ______________________________

Please include a purchase order number even if the repair is under warranty.

If repair is covered under warranty, you will not be charged.

Ship equipment freight prepaid to:

AMETEK Drexelbrook

205 Keith Valley Road

Horsham, PA 19044

COD shipments will not be accepted.

AMETEK Drexelbrook warrants its products free of material defects or manufacturing defects for a period of 1 year after date of shipment.

Field Service

Trained field service personnel are available on a time-plus-expense basis to assist in start-ups, diagnosing difficult application or equipment problems, or in-plant training of personnel. Preventive Maintenance and Calibration

Certification service contracts are also available to maintain plant efficiency.

Contact the Service department for further information.

136

11.0 Control Drawings

FM / CSA Control Drawings

Control Drawings

137


FM / CSA Control Drawings

138

Appendix A

Appendix A: Supplementary Installation & Operating Instructions

General safety information

This document only contains explosion protection information for ATEX applications. For all other data, use the Quick Start and Instruction Manual for DR7100 radar level meters.

Warning

Install, commission and service the device only if you are trained for explosion protection of installations.

Device description

The DR7100 TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) level meter measures the level, distance, volume and mass of liquids, liquid gases, pastes, powders, slurries and granular products. It is also suitable for the continuous and simultaneous measurement of liquid level and interface of two liquids. Measurements are displayed via a DTM (device type manager) for remote communication or an optional integrated display screen with wizard-driven setup and online help functions.

The DR7100 is approved for use in potentially explosive atmospheres when equipped with the appropriate options.

ATEX nameplates

Information for ATEX applications is indicated below

EEx ia nameplate

IP6X

1

2

3

4

1. ATEX certification agency code. Refer to section 1.2 for all temperature information.

2. Equipment approval categories

3. Types of device protection including approved Gas Groups and temperature classes for hazardous areas and maximum surface temperature

4. Intrinsically-safe circuit data

A1


EEx d [ia] nameplate

5. Maximum voltage in accordance with EN 50014 / IEC 60079-0

6. Minimum waiting time after power-off before it is safe to open the terminal compartment

IP6X

1

2

3

5

6

Standards and approvals

In compliance with European Directive 94/9/EC (ATEX 100a), the ATEX version of the level meter described in these Supplementary Instructions conforms to

European Standards EN 50014 +A1 +A2, EN 50018 +A1, EN 50020, EN 50281-

1-1 +A1, and EN 50284. It is certified for use in hazardous areas by the KEMA certification agency under KEMA 07ATEX0069 X.

Warning

Read the ATEX approval certificate for the DR7100 carefully and observe boundary conditions given.

The DR7100 radar level meter is suitable for use in potentially explosive atmospheres of all flammable substances in Gas Groups IIA, IIB and IIC and for applications requiring Category 1G (gases, vapours or mists), 1D (dust), 1/2G,

1/2D, 2G or 2D equipment when fitted with the appropriate options.

Approved category defintions

Category 1

The meter is installed in hazardous areas requiring Category 1G or 1D equipment.

Category 1/2

The signal converter is installed in hazardous areas requiring Category 2G or

2D equipment. The probe is installed in hazardous areas requiring Category

1G or 1D equipment.

Category 2

The meter is installed in hazardous areas requiring Category 2G or 2D equipment.

A2

Appendix A

A-1 Mechanical Installation

A-1.1 Precautions

When you install the device, observe

• the special conditions for safe use*

• the Essential Health and Safety Requirements*

* Read the EC-Type Examination Certificate in the last section

of this manual.

A-1.1.2 Electrostatic Discharge

Warning: Danger of electrostatic discharge from sun cover and conduit of the optional remote housing.

There is a risk of electrostatic discharge from the plastic sun cover and the conduit of the remote housing option. Take the necessary antistatic precautions when

• handling

• installing, or

• using the device in potentially explosive atmospheres. Check that all personnel and equipment are properly grounded. If the sun cover needs cleaning, wipe with a damp cloth.

A-1.2 Operating conditions

The allowable ambient temperature and corresponding process temperature range for the DR7100 level meters depends on the ATEX equipment category and temperature classes marked on the nameplate.

A3


A-1.2 Operating conditions (Continued)

Ambient and process temperatures

Equipment category II 1 G (EEx i devices only)

Temperature class Ambient temperature

T6

Equipment category II 1/2 G

-20°C … +60°C

Temperature class Ambient temperature

T6

T5

T4

-40°C … +60°C

-40°C … +75°C

-40°C … +85°C


-20°C … +60°C


-20°C … +60°C

-20°C … +60°C

-20°C … +60°C

Equipment category 2 G

Temperature class

T6

T5


-40°C … +60°C

-40°C … +55°C

-40°C … +75°C


-40°C … +60°C

-40°C … +80°C

-40°C … +75°C

T4

-40°C … +70°C

-40°C … +85°C

-40°C … +80°C

-40°C … +75°C

-40°C … +70°C

-40°C … +95°C

-40°C … +85°C

-40°C … +110°C

-40°C … +135°C

-40°C … +150°C T3

-40°C … +65°C

-40°C … +60°C

-40°C … +180°C

-40°C … +200°C

Equipment categories II 1 D (EEx i devices only), II 1/2 D and II 2 D


-40°C … +60°C

Maximum surface temperature of electronics housing

Equipment categories II 1 D, II 1/2 D and II 2 D


-40°C … +200°C

Max. ambient temperature Max. flange temperature Max. surface temperature

55°C

70°C

75°C

60°C

Pressure

80°C

95°C

135°C

200°C

65°C

80°C

86°C

90°C

Equipment category

1G, 1D, 1/2G or 1/2D

Others

Allowable process pressure range

Atmospheric pressure (80kPa…110kPa)

As per non-EEx instrument

A4

Appendix A

A-2 Electrical connection

A-2.1 General notes

WARNING! Read the information below carefully

Disconnect power supply before wiring

• Do not use the earth terminal in the wiring compartment: use the equipotential bonding system. See section 2.5.

• For ambient temperature >70°C, use heat-resistant cables and cable glands certified for continuous operation above 85°C

A-2.2 The terminal compartment cover

A-2.2.1 Opening the cover

Procedure

1. Switch off power supply

WARNING! EEx d applications: Wait for the time given in the table below before opening

Temperature class Time to wait after de-energizing the device

T6

T5

T4 and T3

20 minutes

10 minutes

Not necessary

2. Unscrew cover stop

3. Unscrew terminal compartment cover c

A-2.2.2 Closing the cover

Warning: Ex d [ia] applications

Check that the terminal compartment cover is screwed tight and the cover stop is fastened tightly to the cover.

A5


A-2.3 EEx i equipment

A-2.3.1 Wiring

1. Wire as for a standard device. Cable entries are supplied on customer demand; those supplied by the customer must have a degree of ingress protection IP ≥ 68 according to EN 60529. Supply the EEx i equipment connected to the device. Use certified intrinsically-safe equipment only.

2. Maximum intrinsically safe values for the first and second outputs:

A-2.3.2 Supply voltage

Terminal

1

2

Minimum voltage at terminal for an output of 22 mA

14 VDC

10 VDC

Maximum voltage at terminal for an output of 22 mA

30 VDC

30 VDC

A6

Appendix A

A-2.4 EEx d [ia] equipment

A-2.4.1 General notes

EEx d [ia]-approved equipment have two separate compartments: the electronics block compartment is EEx ia-rated and the terminals compartment is Ex drated.

A-2.4.2 Wiring

1. Use only flameproof and EEx d-approved cable entries and plugs: these are supplied on customer demand. Cable entries and plugs supplied by the customer must have a degree of ingress protection IP ≥ 6x according to EN

60529.

2. If you only use one cable entry, seal the other one with an EEx d-approved plug.

3. All EEx d-approved installations must conform to European standards EN

50018 and EN IEC 60079-1.

Special note: conduit entries

1. Connect the device to an EEx d-approved conduit system.

2. Install a suitable EEx d-approved sealing device: for further information, please refer to European Standard EN 50018.

3. If you only use one cable entry, seal the other one with an EEx d-approved plug.

A-2.4.3 Supply voltage

Terminal

1

2*

Minimum voltage at terminal for an output of 22 mA

20 VDC

10 VDC

Maximum voltage at terminal for an output of 22 mA

36 VDC

30 VDC

*additional power supply needed – this does not power the whole device

Special notes: load resistor

Connect the load resistor to the positive terminal of the power supply and ground the negative connection.

If the load resistor has to be connected to the the negative terminal, do not exceed a loop resistance of 250 ohms.

A7


A-2.4.4 Power supply

Make sure that the load resistor is connected to the +ve side. If the power supply is not galvanically isolated as in (1.), connect the ground of the power supply to the equipotential system (2.).

1. With galvanic isolation

DR

7100

A8

A-2.4.4 Power (Continued)

2. Without galvanic isolation

DR

7100

Appendix A

A9


A-

3 Commissioning

Start-up checklist

Do not connect power until you have gone through the checklist below

1. Are the wetted components (gasket, flange and probe) resistant to the corrosive properties of the tank product?

2. Does the information given on the nameplate correspond with the application?

3. Have you connected the equipotential bonding system correctly?

4. EEx d applications: Are the cable entries, plugs and adaptors EEx dapproved?

5. EEx i applications: Are you using an intrinsic barrier within the correct parameters? Refer to section 2.3 for the maximum intrinsically safe values for the electrical circuit.

6. Did you install cable entries of the correct internal diameter so that there is a good seal around the cable?

A-

4 Service and maintenance

Maintenance in hazardous areas can ony be carried out by

• the manufacturer

• a Drexelbrook-authorized representative

• technicians under the supervision of authorized inspectors

A10

Appendix A

A-

5 Examination Certificate

EC - Type Examination Certificate 07ATEX0069 X

420-0004-357 Issue #1

A11


A-

5 Examination Certificate (Continued)

A12

A-


Appendix A

A13


A-


A14

A-


Appendix A

A15

Form 440-0001-001 3/1/2006

GENERAL: ALL ORDERS ARE SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND

CONDITIONS. ANY ACCEPTANCE OF ANY OFFER OF BUYER FOR ANY GOODS OR

SERVICES IS CONDITIONED UPON THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS, AND SELLER

OBJECTS TO ANY ADDITIONAL OR DIFFERENT TERMS PROPOSED BY BUYER IN

ANY DOCUMENT, WHICH SHALL NOT BE BINDING UPON SELLER. No salesman or other party is authorized to bind the AMETEK DREXELBROOK Division of AMETEK, Inc.

(hereinafter “Seller”) by any agreement, warranty, statement, promise, or understanding not herein expressed, and no modifications shall be binding on Seller unless the same are in writing and signed by an executive officer of Seller or his or her duly authorized representative. Verbal orders shall not be executed until written notification has been received and acknowledged by Seller.

QUOTATIONS: Written quotations are valid for thirty (30) days unless otherwise stated.

Verbal quotations expire the same day they are made.

PRICES: All prices and terms are subject to change without notice. Buyer-requested changes to its order (“Orders”), including those affecting the identity, scope and delivery of the goods or services, must be documented in writing and are subject to Seller’s prior approval and adjustments in price, schedule and other affected terms and conditions. Orders requiring certified test data in excess of commercial requirements, are subject to a special charge.

ORDER ACCEPTANCE: All Orders are subject to final approval and acceptance by Seller at its office located at 205 Keith Valley Road, Horsham, Pennsylvania 19044.

TERMS OF PAYMENT: Seller’s standard terms of payment for Buyers who qualify for credit are net thirty (30) days from date of invoice. All invoices must be paid in United States dollars.

CREDIT: Seller reserves the right at any time to revoke any credit extended to Buyer or otherwise modify terms of payment if Buyer fails to pay for any shipments when due or if in

Seller’s opinion there is a material adverse change in Buyer’s financial condition. Seller may, at its option, cancel any accepted Order if Buyer fails to pay any invoices when due.

DELIVERY: Shipments are F.O.B place of manufacture (“Shipping Point”) and the Buyer shall pay all freight, transportation, shipping, duties, fees, handling, insurance, storage, demurrage, or similar charges from Shipping Point. Delivery of goods to common carrier shall constitute delivery and passing of title to the Buyer, and all risk of loss or damage in transit shall be borne by Buyer. Any claims or losses for damage or destruction after such delivery shall be the responsibility of Buyer.

Seller reserves the right to make delivery in installments which shall be separately invoiced and paid for when due, without regard to subsequent deliveries. Delay in delivery of any installment shall not relieve Buyer of its obligation to accept remaining deliveries.

Acknowledged shipping dates are approximate only and based on prompt receipt of all necessary information from Buyer and Buyer’s compliance with terms of payment.

TAXES: All sales, excise and similar taxes which Seller may be required to pay or collect with respect to the goods and/or services covered by any Order, shall be for the account of the

Buyer except as otherwise provided by law or unless specifically stated otherwise by Seller in writing.

TERMINATION AND HOLD ORDERS: No Order may be terminated by Buyer except upon written request by Buyer and approval by Seller, and if said request is approved by Seller, under the following conditions: (1) Buyer agrees to accept delivery of all of the units completed by Seller through the workday on which Seller receives the written termination request; (2) Buyer agrees to pay to Seller all direct costs and expenses applicable to the portion of the Order that is incomplete.

WARRANTY:

A. Hardware: Seller warrants its goods against defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for one (1) year from the date of invoice.

B. Software and Firmware: Unless otherwise specified, Seller warrants for a period of one (1) year from date of invoice that standard software or firmware, when used with Seller specified hardware, shall perform in accordance with Seller’s published specifications. Seller makes no representation or warranty, expressed or implied, that the operation of the software or firmware shall be uninterrupted or error-free, or that functions contained therein shall meet or satisfy the Buyer’s intended use or requirements.

C. Services: Seller warrants that services, including engineering and custom application, whether provided on a fixed cost or time and material basis, shall be performed in accordance with generally accepted industry practices.

D. Remedies: Seller’s liability under this section is restricted to replacing, repairing, or issuing credit (at Seller’s option) for any returned goods and only under the following conditions: (1)

Seller must be promptly notified, in writing, as soon as possible after the defects have been noted by the Buyer, but not later than (1) year from date of invoice from Seller; (2) The defective goods are to be returned to the place of manufacture, shipping charges prepaid by the Buyer; (3) Seller’s inspection shall disclose to its satisfaction that the goods were defective in materials or workmanship at the time of shipment; (4) Any warranty service

(consisting of time, travel and expenses related to such services) performed other than at

Seller’s factory, shall be at Buyer’s expense.

E.Repaired/Reconditioned Goods: As to out-of-warranty goods which Seller has repaired or reconditioned, Seller warrants for a period of sixty (60) days from date of its invoice only new components replaced in the most recent repair/reconditioning.

F. Returns and Adjustments: No goods may be returned unless authorized in advance by

Seller and then only upon such conditions to which Seller may agree. Buyer must obtain an

RMA (Return Material Authorization) number from Seller prior to any return shipment and such RMA number must appear on the shipping label and packing slip. Buyer shall be responsible for the returned goods until such time as Seller receives the same at its plant and for all charges for packing, inspection, shipping, transportation, or insurance associated with returned goods. In the event that credit for returned goods is granted, it shall be at the lesser of the then current prices or the original purchase price. Claims for shortage or incorrect material must be made within five (5) days after receipt of shipment.

ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, FOR ANY OF SELLER’S GOODS OR SERVICES, WHETHER

ORAL, WRITTEN, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING

WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS

FOR PURPOSE ARE EXCLUDED.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: Seller’s sale of goods or provision of related documentation or other materials to Buyer shall not transfer any intellectual property rights to Buyer unless

Seller specifically agrees to do so in writing. Seller shall retain ownership of all applicable patents, trademarks, copyrights and other intellectual property rights. Buyer shall not use, copy or transfer any such items in violation of Seller’s intellectual property rights or applicable law, or for any purposes other than that for which the items were furnished.

Seller shall defend any lawsuit brought against the Buyer based on a claim that the design or construction of the goods sold hereunder by Seller infringe any United States or Canadian

Patent, Copyright or Mask Work Registration, provided that Buyer promptly notifies Seller of such claim in writing and further provided that, at Seller’s expense, (1) Buyer gives Seller the sole right to defend or control the defense of the suit or proceeding, including settlement, and

(2) Buyer provides all necessary information and assistance for that defense. In the event of a charge of infringement, Seller’s obligation under the agreement shall be fulfilled if Seller, at its option and expense, either (i) settles such claim; (ii) procures for Buyer the right to continue using such goods; (iii) replaces or modifies goods to avoid infringement; or (iv) accepts the return of any infringing goods and refunds their purchase price; or (iv) defends against such claim.

If Buyer furnishes specifications or designs to Seller, the obligations of Seller set forth above shall not apply to goods made by Seller using such specifications or designs, and Buyer shall defend, indemnify and hold Seller harmless against any third party claims for infringement which arise out of Seller’s use of specifications or designs furnished by Buyer.

SOFTWARE LICENSE: If goods purchased hereunder include software (“Software”), Buyer may use the Software only as part of the goods. Buyer may not use, copy, or transfer any of the Software except as may be permitted under the applicable License Agreement provided with the goods. Buyer’s right to use, copy or transfer the Software shall terminate upon termination of Buyer’s right to use the goods.

PACKAGING/WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS: Buyer specified packing or marking may be subject to additional charges not otherwise included in the price of the goods. Published weights and dimensions are estimates or approximate only and are not warranted.

FORCE MAJEURE: Seller shall not be responsible for delays in delivery or any failure to deliver due to causes beyond Seller’s control, including but not limited to the following items: acts of God, war, terrorism, mobilization, civil commotion, riots, embargoes, domestic or foreign governmental regulations or orders, governmental priorities, port congestion, acts of the Buyer, its agents or employees, fires, floods, strikes, lockouts and other labor difficulties, shortages of or inability to obtain shipping space or transportation, inability to secure fuel, supplies or power at current prices or on account of shortages thereof, or due to limitations imposed by the extent of availability of Seller’s normal manufacturing facilities.

If a delay excused per the above extends for more than ninety (90) days and the parties have not agreed upon a revised basis for continuing providing the goods or services at the end of the delay, including adjustment of the price, then Buyer, upon thirty (30) days’ prior written notice to Seller may terminate the Order with respect to the unexecuted portion of the goods or services, whereupon Buyer shall promptly pay Seller its reasonable termination charges upon submission of Seller’s invoices thereof.

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: Seller’s liability for any claim of any kind, except infringement of intellectual property rights, shall not exceed the purchase price of any goods or services which give rise to the claim. SELLER SHALL IN NO EVENT BE LIABLE FOR BUYER’S

MANUFACTURING COSTS, LOST PROFITS, LOSS OF USE OF THE GOODS OR

SERVICES, COST OF CAPITAL, COST OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS, FACILITIES,

SERVICES OR REPLACEMENT POWER, DOWNTIME COSTS, CLAIMS OF BUYER’S

CUSTOMERS FOR DAMAGES, OR OTHER SPECIAL, PROXIMATE, INCIDENTAL,

INDIRECT, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. Any action against Seller must be brought within eighteen (18) months after the cause of action accrues. These disclaimers and limitations of liability shall apply regardless of the form of action, whether in contract, tort or otherwise, and further shall extend to the benefit of Seller’s vendors, appointed distributors and other authorized resellers as third-party beneficiaries.

PROHIBITION FOR HAZARDOUS USE: Goods sold hereunder generally are not intended for application in and shall not be used by Buyer in the construction or operation of a nuclear installation or in connection with the use or handling of nuclear material, or for any hazardous activity or critical application, where failure of a single component could cause substantial harm to persons or property, unless the goods have been specifically approved for such a use or application. Seller disclaims all liability for any loss or damage resulting from such unauthorized use and Buyer shall defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Seller against any such liability, whether as a result of breach of contract, warranty, tort (regardless of the degree of fault or negligence), strict liability or otherwise.

EXPORT CONTROL: Buyer shall comply with all export control laws and regulations of the

United States, and all sales hereunder are subject to those laws and regulations. Seller shall not be named as shipper or exporter of record for any goods sold hereunder unless specifically agreed to in writing by Seller. At Seller’s request, Buyer shall furnish Seller with end-use and end-user information to determine export license applicability. Buyer warrants, in accordance with U.S. Export Law, that goods sold hereunder shall not be destined for facilities or activities involving nuclear, chemical or biological weapons, or related missile delivery systems in named prohibited regions or countries.

GOVERNING LAW: Seller intends to comply with all laws applicable to its performance under any order. All matters relating to interpretation and effect of these terms and any authorized changes, modifications or amendments thereto shall be governed by the laws of the

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. No government contract regulations or clauses shall apply to the goods or services, this agreement, or act to bind Seller unless specifically agreed to by

Seller in writing.

NON-WAIVER BY SELLER: Waiver by Seller of a breach of any of these terms and conditions shall not be construed as a waiver of any other breach.

SEVERABILITY AND ENTIRE AGREEMENT: If any provision of these terms and conditions is unenforceable, the remaining terms shall nonetheless continue in full force and effect. This writing, together with any other terms and conditions Seller specifically agrees to in writing, constitutes the entire terms and conditions of sale between Buyer and Seller and supercedes any and all prior discussions, and negotiations on its subject matter.

An ISO 9001 Certified Company

205 Keith Valley Road, Horsham, PA 19044

U.S. and Canada: 1-800-553-9092

24-Hour Service:

International:

1-800-527-6297

+1 215-674-1234

Fax:

E-mail:

Website:

+1 215-674-2731 [email protected] www.drexelbrook.com

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