STMicroelectronics STCF07 Datasheet
STMicroelectronics STCF07 is a dedicated, size-optimized solution for driving a power LED. It is a buck-boost converter which guarantees proper LED current control over all possible battery voltage and LED forward voltage conditions. It includes various functions to protect the chip and the power LEDs, such as soft-start control and detection and protection against chip overtemperature and shorted LEDs. An optional external NTC is supported to protect the LEDs against overheating. It is possible to separately program the current intensity in high and low mode using the SEL pin.
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STCF07
High power buck-boost white LED driver
Datasheet
−
production data
Features
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Buck-boost DC-DC converter
Drives one power LED up to 1 A in flash mode
Drives one power LED up to 800 mA in continuous mode
LED temperature protection
Output current control
1.8 MHz (typ.) fixed frequency PWM
Synchronous rectification
High efficiency across the total input voltage range
Operational modes:
– Shutdown mode
– High current mode: up to 1 A
– Low current mode: from 20 mA
Adjustable current in both modes
Peak inductor limited to 2.3 A (typ.)
LED disconnected from the battery in shutdown mode
NTC LED temperature protection
Overvoltage protection: 5.3 V
Short-circuit protection
Overtemperature protection
ULVLO function
1 µA max shutdown current
QFN16 (4 x 4 x 1 mm) 16 leads
Applications
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Camera flash for mobile phones
Power supply for high power LEDs
Table 1.
Device summary
Order code
STCF07PNR
Package
QFN16 (4 x 4 mm)
QFN16 (4 x 4 mm)
Description
The STCF07 is a dedicated, size-optimized solution for driving a power LED. The device is a buck-boost converter which guarantees proper
LED current control over all possible battery voltage and LED forward voltage conditions. The output current control ensures good current regulation over the forward voltage spread characteristics of high-brightness LEDs. The device includes various functions to protect the chip and the power LEDs. These include soft-start control as well as detection and protection of chip overtemperature and shorted LEDs. An optional external NTC is supported to protect the LEDs against overheating. It is possible to separately program the current intensity in HIGH and LOW mode using the SEL pin. The device is housed in a 16-lead QFN16 (4 x 4 mm) package with a height less than 1 mm.
Packaging
Tape and reel
September 2012
This is information on a product in full production.
Doc ID 16757 Rev 3 1/26 www.st.com
26
Contents
Contents
2/26
STCF07
STCF07 protection features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Peak current and short-circuit protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Thermal shutdown protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Sensing of LED temperature with the NTC resistor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Undervoltage lockout function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
PCB design of the demonstration board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Schematic of the demonstration board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Doc ID 16757 Rev 3
STCF07
Contents
Typical performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
External component selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Input and output capacitor selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
NTC and RX resistor selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Doc ID 16757 Rev 3 3/26
Block diagram
Figure 1.
STCF07 block diagram
STCF07
4/26 Doc ID 16757 Rev 3
STCF07
Figure 2.
STCF07 pin connections (top view)
Pin configuration
Table 2.
Pin n°
STCF07 pin description
Symbol
10
11
12
15
13
7
16
9
6
14
4
5
2
3
1
8
Exposed pad
CSEL
EN
FAULT
PVBAT
VBAT
VLX1A
VLX1B
PGND
VLX2
RX
NTC
VOUT
FB1
FB2
FB2S
GND
PGND
Description
Inductor VLX2 connection
R
X
resistor connection
NTC resistor connection
Output voltage
Feedback pin [I
LED
*(R
HC
+R
LC
)]
R
TR
bypass
Feedback pin [I
LED
*R
HC
]
Signal ground
Current selection
Enable
Diagnostic
Power supply voltage
Supply voltage
Inductor VLX1 connection
Inductor VLX1 connection
Power ground
To be connected to the PCB ground plane for optimal electrical and thermal performance
Doc ID 16757 Rev 3 5/26
Maximum ratings STCF07
Table 3.
Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol Parameter
VBAT
PVBAT
VLX1A, VLX1B
VLX2
VOUT
FB1, FB2, FB2S
R
X
CSEL
EN
FAULT
NTC
ESD
P
TOT
T
OP
T
J
T
STG
Signal supply voltage
Power supply voltage
Inductor connection 1
Inductor connection 2
Output voltage
Feedback and sense voltage
Connection for reference resistor
Current selection
Enable
Diagnostic
Connection for LED temperature sensing
Human body model
Continuous power dissipation (at T
A
= 70 °C)
Operating junction temperature range
Junction temperature
Storage temperature range
Value
-0.3 to 6
-0.3 to 6
-0.3 to V
I
+0.3
-0.3 to V
I
+0.3
-0.3 to 6
-0.3 to 3
-0.3 to 3
-0.3 to V
I
+0.3
-0.3 to V
I
+0.3
-0.3 to V
I
+0.3
-0.3 to 3
± 2
800
-40 to 85
-40 to 150
-65 to 150
Note: Absolute maximum ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur.
Functional operation under these condition is not implied.
Table 4.
Thermal data
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
R thJA
(1)
Thermal resistance junction-ambient 31 °C/W
1.
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance in JEDEC still air chamber. Thermal test board JESD51-7 (leaded surface mount packages).
Unit
V
V
V
V kV mW
°C
°C
°C
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
6/26 Doc ID 16757 Rev 3
STCF07
Figure 3.
Application schematic diagram
Application information
GND PGND
Note: Represents a typical application schematic for an output current of 800 mA (max) in continuous mode operation. For pulse/flash mode operation it is possible to increase the maximum output current up to 1 A. If the battery voltage is higher than 3.1 V, the chip is capable of delivering the maximum output current of up to 1 A in continuos mode.
Table 5.
Component
List of external components
Manufacturer
R
HC
Welwyn
KOA
Part number
LR1206-R20FI
(1)
SR732BTTDR160F
(2)
R
LC
C
IN
C
OUT
L
NTC
R
X
LED
Tyco Electronics
TDK
TDK
TDK
MURATA
Tyco Electronics
Luxeon
CRL1220T1R8J
C1608X5R0J106MT
C1608X5R0J475M
VLF4014ST-2R2M1R9
(1)
VLF5014S-2R2M2R3
(2)
NCP18WF104J03RB
1-1879132-9
LXHL_PW09
1.
For 800 mA output current performance.
2.
For 1000 mA output current performance.
Value
0.2 Ω
0.16 Ω
1.8 Ω
10 µF
4.7 µF
2.2 µH / 1.4 A
2.2 µH / 2.3 A
100 k Ω
15 k Ω
Size
1206
1206
0805
0603
0603
3.5x3.8x1.4 mm
4.6x4.8x1.4 mm
0805
0402
Note: The above-listed external components refer to a typical application. Operation of the
STCF07 is not limited to the use of these components.
Doc ID 16757 Rev 3 7/26
Electrical characteristics STCF07
T
A
R
X
= 25 °C, V
I
= 15 k Ω
= 3.6 V, 2 x C
I
= 10 µF, C
O
= 1 µF, L = 2.2 µH, R
HC
= 0.22
Ω
, R
LC
= 1.8
Ω
,
Table 6.
Symbol
Electrical characteristics
Parameter Test conditions
V
I
UVLO
ILIM
Input voltage supply
Undervoltage lockout
Inductor peak current
V
I
= 2.7 V
V
PW_ONRESET
Power ON reset threshold V
I
rising
Output current - high current level
CSEL = V
I
; V
I
= 2.7 V to 5.5 V;
R
HC
= 0.16
Ω
, P
OUT
= 3.4 W
V
I
O
OUT
Output current - high current level
CSEL = V
I
; V
I
= 3.2 V to 5.5 V;
R
HC
= 0.16 Ω , P
OUT
= 4 W
Output current - low current level
CSEL = GND; V
I
= 3.3 V to 5.5 V;
R
HC
+ R
LC
~ 2
Ω
Regulated voltage range
V
I
= 2.7 V, V
OUT
shorted during operation
FB1 Feedback voltage Low current (CSEL = 0 V)
FB2
R
Q
OVP
OV
ON_
I f
NTC s n
HYST
OTP
OT
HYST
V
NTC
V
RX
LEAK
Feedback voltage
FB1-FB2 ON resistance
High current (CSEL = V
I
)
High current (CSEL = V
I
)
I
O
= 800 mA
Quiescent current in shutdown mode
EN = GND
Quiescent current in high current mode
Output overvoltage protection
EN = V
I
5.5 V; R
; CSEL = V
I
HC
= 0.22 Ω
; V
I
= 3.3 V to
Frequency V
I
= 2.7 V
Efficiency V
I
= 3.2 to 4.2 V, I
O
= 800 mA
V
I
= 5.5 V, no load
Overvoltage hysteresis
Overvoltage protection
Overvoltage hysteresis
NTC voltage reference
V
I
= 5.5 V, no load
V
I
= 5.5 V
V
I
= 5.5 V
V
I
= 2.7 V to 5.5 V
NTC voltage threshold I
NTC
= 1 mA Max
RX-NTC switch OFF leakage
Shutdown mode,
V
NTC
= 2 V - V
RX
= GND
V
IL
V
IH
Input logic signal level CSEL,
EN
V
I
= 2.7 V to 5.5 V
Min.
Typ.
2.7
20
2.5
152
152
5.5
0
1.4
2.2
2.3
2.3
160
160
90
1
1.8
1.8
85
0.3
140
20
1.8
1.2
Max.
Unit
5.5
V
V
V
1000
1000
5.3
168
168
1
0.4
3 mA
V
A mV mV m Ω
µA mA
MHz
%
V
V
°C
°C
V
V
µA
V
8/26 Doc ID 16757 Rev 3
STCF07
Table 6.
Symbol
Electrical characteristics (continued)
Parameter Test conditions
FAULT
T
ON
Low level voltage
Leakage current
LED current rise time
I
LED
= 0 to I
LED
= max
I
SINK
= 5 mA
V
FAULT
= 5 V
Electrical characteristics
Min.
Typ.
0.2
1
Max.
Unit
0.5
V
µA
2 ms
Doc ID 16757 Rev 3 9/26
Introduction
6 Introduction
STCF07
The STCF07 is a buck-boost converter designed to power and control the current of a power white LED. The device operates at a constant switching frequency of 1.8 MHz (typ). It provides an output voltage from 2.5 V up to 5.3 V, from a 2.7 V to 5.5 V supply voltage. This supply range allows the device to operate from a single-cell Lithium-Ion battery. The current is adjustable up to 1 A for an input voltage ranging from 2.7 V to 5.5 V and maximum output power up to 3.4 W. When the battery voltage is higher than 3.2 V, it is possible to increase the output power up to 4 W. The device uses an external NTC resistor to sense the temperature of the white LED. This function may not be needed in all applications, and in these cases the relevant external components can be omitted.
10/26 Doc ID 16757 Rev 3
STCF07
7 Logic pin description
Logic pin description
This input pin allows the setting of two different levels of current. When the voltage on this pin is low, the internal multiplexer switches the feedback to the FB1 pin, which is the dedicated feedback pin for low current operation. When the voltage on the CSEL pin is high, the internal multiplexer switches the feedback to the FB2s pin, and enables the shorting transistor connected between the FB1 and FB2 pins. The feedback voltage is sensed directly on the sensing R
HC current operation.
by the connection of FB2s. This sensing pin is dedicated to high
When the STCF07 is in ON mode (EN is high), the device is able to detect disconnection or failure of the LED. This information can be used by the system to signal that a problem has occurred in the LEDs.
This pin functions as an enable input. No internal pull-up or pull-down is provided.
Doc ID 16757 Rev 3 11/26
Detailed description STCF07
8.2
8.3
The regulation of the PWM controller is done by sensing the current of the LED through R
LC or R
LC
+ R
HC
, depending on the CSEL voltage. Depending of the forward voltage of the flash LED, the device can automatically change between buck (step-down) and boost (stepup) mode:
– Boost region = V
OUT
> V
BAT
: this configuration is used in most cases, as the output voltage (V
OUT
= V
F
+ I
LED
x R
SENSE
) is higher than V
BAT
– Buck region = V
OUT
< V
BAT
– Buck / boost region = V
OUT
~ V
IN
High current mode
ENABLE = CSEL = V
BAT
The STCF07 operates continuously to supply maximum current to the LED up to 800 mA in high current mode. If high current mode is used in flash applications, then it is possible to increase the LED current up to 1066 mA.
The current can be adjusted with the R
HC
resistor. The current is then programmed at:
I
HC
= 160 mV / R
HC
For a current programmed at 800 mA, the sensing resistor is equal to 0.20
Ω
.
Low current mode
ENABLE = VBAT, CSEL = 0
The STCF07 can continuously provide an adjustable current starting from 20 mA in low current mode. The current adjustment is done with resistor R
LC
. The current is then programmed at:
I
LC
= 160 mV / (R
HC
+ R
LC
)
The NTC divider for measurement of the LED temperature is active.
ENABLE = 0
When the device is not used, it can be put in shutdown mode, which reduces the quiescent current to 1 µA. The NTC protection in this mode is not active.
8.5 Soft-start
To avoid spikes on the battery during the startup sequence, a soft-start function has been implemented. The soft-start function is achieved by progressively increasing the feedback voltage reference. In worst-case conditions, the startup time, as defined below (I
OUT
= I
MAX
), does not exceed 2 ms.
12/26 Doc ID 16757 Rev 3
STCF07
Figure 4.
Startup: LED current rise time
I I
I I
Detailed description
8.6.1 Peak current and short-circuit protection
When the peak inductor current exceeds the maximum switch peak current limit of 2.3 A, the
PWM controller turns off and is enabled at the next oscillation period.
8.6.3
8.6.4
The device includes power failure protection, which stops the operation of the PWM controller when the voltage at the pin V
OUT
exceeds the OVP threshold. When the voltage on pin V
OUT
is reduced by OV
HYST
, the operation of the controller recovers automatically.
Thermal shutdown protection
Internal thermal shutdown protection switches off the device when the junction temperature exceeds 140 °C (typ). The hysteresis comparator allows the PWM controller to restart automatically when the temperature is reduced to 120 °C.
Sensing of LED temperature with the NTC resistor
The device is capable of switching off the power circuit when a high temperature on the LED
If the sensing LED temperature feature is not used, NTC pin must be left floating and RX pin must be grounded.
Doc ID 16757 Rev 3 13/26
Detailed description
Figure 5.
Typical LED temperature sensing application with the NTC resistor
STCF07
If the device is ON and the battery voltage is as low as 2.2 V, the device goes into a FAULT state and the FAULT pin is put to LOW. To restart the device, the ENABLE pin must be reset
LOW and HIGH.
14/26 Doc ID 16757 Rev 3
STCF07 PCB design
The STCF07 is a powerful switched device, so the PCB must be designed following the rules for designing switched supplies. It is recommended to use at least a two-layer PCB.
The power wiring must be as short and wide as possible, due to the high current. All external components should be placed close to the STCF07. High-energy switched loops should be as small as possible to reduce EMI. Most LEDs require cooling, which may be implemented by a defined copper area on the PCB. Use the reference guide for each LED to design the heatsink. Place the R
FLASH
resistor as close as possible to pins 5 and 6. When a change of
PCB layer is required, the number of vias must be sufficient. Place the NTC resistor as close as possible to the LED for good temperature sensing. Direct connection of GND and PGND is needed to achieve accurate output current values. The LED current should not flow through this track. Sensing of the voltage on the R
FLASH
resistor must be done by connecting a wire directly from pin 6 to the R
FLASH
resistor; no current flows through this track. Pins 5 and 6 must be connected to the pin of the R
FLASH
resistor. The exposed pad must be connected to the PGND, with a track as wide as possible. It is recommended to place the copper plate, connected through the vias to the exposed pad, on the bottom layer to create a heatsink for the device. It is further recommended that the copper plate used be as large as possible to achieve optimal thermal performance.
Doc ID 16757 Rev 3 15/26
PCB design
9.2 PCB design of the demonstration board
Figure 6.
Top layer
STCF07
Figure 7.
Bottom layer
16/26 Doc ID 16757 Rev 3
STCF07
Figure 8.
Top overlay
PCB design
Doc ID 16757 Rev 3 17/26
PCB design
9.3 Schematic of the demonstration board
Figure 9.
Schematic diagram of the STCF07 demonstration board
STCF07
18/26 Doc ID 16757 Rev 3
STCF07
10
Typical performance characteristics
Typical performance characteristics
Figure 10.
I
OUT
80 mA vs. V
IN
Figure 11.
I
OUT
800 mA vs. V
IN
Figure 12.
Efficiency vs. V
IN
Figure 13.
Efficiency vs. V
IN
, I
O
= 400 mA
Figure 14.
Line transient
V step
= 600 mVpp, T r
= 10 µs, T f
= 10 µs, V
IN
= 3.6 V to 4.2 V
Doc ID 16757 Rev 3 19/26
External component selection
11 External component selection
STCF07
11.1 Input and output capacitor selection
Note:
For input and output capacitors it is recommended to use ceramic capacitors with low ESR.
For good device stability when supplied by a low input voltage of 2.7 V at maximum ratings, it is recommended to use 10 µF / 6.3 V as a minimum value for the input capacitor, and 4.7
µF / 6.3 V as a minimum value for the output capacitor.
See recommended components in Table 5 on page 7 .
Note:
A thick, shielded inductor with low DC series wiring resistance is recommended for this application. For good efficiency, it is recommended to use an inductor with a series DC resistance of R
DCL
< R
D
/ 10, where R
D
is the dynamic resistance of the LED.
For nominal operation, the peak inductor current can be calculated using the formula:
I
PEAK
= {(I
OUT
/ η ) + [(V
OUT
- V
IN
) x V
IN
²) / (2 x L x F x V
OUT
²)]} x V
OUT
/ V
IN where:
I
PEAK
= peak inductor current
I
OUT
= current sourced at pin V
OUT
η = efficiency of the STCF07
V
OUT
= output voltage at pin V
OUT
V
IN
= input voltage at pin V
IN
L = inductance value of the inductor
F = switching frequency
See recommended components in Table 5 on page 7 .
Note:
All LEDs with forward voltages from 2.7 V to 5 V are suitable for use with STCF07 device.
The LED forward voltage must include the voltage spread of this value. It is possible to set the LED current in the two different operating modes (high current mode and low current mode) through two external sensing resistors.
See recommended components in Table 5 on page 7 .
11.4 R
HC
selection
The R
HC
resistor value can be calculated using equations R
HC
= 160 mV / I
R
HC
* I
HC
2
, where P
RHC
is the dissipated power on the R
HC
HC
and P
RHC
=
resistor. It is recommended to use a 1206 package size thin metal film resistor with 1% or 5% maximum tolerance. The maximum high LED current for the STCF07 device is 800 mA with a battery voltage range
2.7 V to 5.5 V.
20/26 Doc ID 16757 Rev 3
STCF07 External component selection
11.5 R
LC
selection
R
LC
resistor value can be calculated with the following equations:
R
LC
= (160 mV - I
LC
* R
HC
) / I
LC
and P
RLC
= R
LC
* I
LC
2 where P
RLC
is the dissipated power on the R
LC
resistor. It is recommended to use a thin metal film resistor with a 1% or 5% tolerance.
11.6 NTC and R
X
resistor selection
The NTC resistor for sensing LED temperature and the R
X
resistor create a voltage divider.
The output of this divider is compared with the 1.192 V internal voltage reference. When voltage on the output of the voltage divider is increased over the reference, the logic switches off the power circuit. Voltage divider is possible to supply from the NTC pin, where is output of the 1.8 V internal reference.
Doc ID 16757 Rev 3 21/26
Package mechanical data
12 Package mechanical data
STCF07
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
ECOPACK
®
packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK
® specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at:
ECOPACK
®
is an ST trademark.
www.st.com
.
22/26 Doc ID 16757 Rev 3
STCF07
Dim.
D2
E
E2 e
L ddd
A 3 b
D
A
A1
A2
Package mechanical data
Min.
0.
8 0
0.1
8
3 .
8 5
2.10
3 .
8 5
2.10
0.
3 0
QFN16 (4 x 4) mechanical data
mm.
Typ.
0.
9 0
0.02
0.65
0.20
0.25
4.00
4.00
Max.
1.00
0.05
1.00
0.
3 0
4.15
2.60
4.15
2.60
Min.
3 1.5
7.1
151.6
8 2.7
151.6
8 2.7
0.50
0.40
11.
8 0.50
0.0
8 inch.
Typ.
3 5.4
0.
8
25.6
7.
9
9 .
8
157.5
157.5
1 9 .7
15.7
Max.
39 .4
2.0
39 .4
11.
8
16 3 .4
102.4
16 3 .4
102.4
1 9 .7
3 .1
Doc ID 16757 Rev 3
765 33 21A
23/26
Package mechanical data
Tape & reel QFNxx/DFNxx (4x4) mechanical data
Min.
mm.
Typ.
Min.
inch.
Typ.
Dim.
Ko
Po
P
T
Ao
Bo
D
N
A
C 12.
8
20.2
99
4.
3 5
4.
3 5
1.1
4
8
Max.
33 0
1 3 .2
101
14.4
0.504
0.7
9 5
3 .
898
0.171
0.171
0.04
3
0.157
0.
3 15
STCF07
Max.
12.
99 2
0.51
9
3 .
9 76
0.567
24/26 Doc ID 16757 Rev 3
STCF07
Table 7.
Date
Document revision history
18-Nov-2009
12-Apr-2011
10-Sep-2012
Revision
1
2
3
Changes
First release.
Updated
Modified:
Revision history
Doc ID 16757 Rev 3 25/26
STCF07
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Key features
Drives high power LEDs (up to 1A in flash mode, 800mA continuous)
Buck-boost DC-DC converter for wide input voltage range
Synchronous rectification for high efficiency
Adjustable current control in both high and low modes
LED temperature protection via NTC
Various protection features: overvoltage, short-circuit, overtemperature, undervoltage lockout
1uA shutdown current for extended battery life
Compact QFN16 (4x4mm) package
Frequently asked questions
1A in flash mode, 800mA continuous
Buck-boost DC-DC converter
Yes
Yes, in both high and low modes
Yes, via an optional external NTC
1uA
QFN16 (4x4mm)