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Network Attached Storage
TeraStation
Hard Drive Operating Guide
www.buffalotech.com
35011930-03
2013-10
Contents
Chapter 1 Changing RAID Modes .................................................................. 2
Chapter 2 Adding an External Hard Drive .................................................... 9
Chapter 3 Removing Hard Drives .................................................................. 12
Chapter 4 Managing your TeraStation .......................................................... 14
1
Chapter 1
Changing RAID Modes
RAID Arrays
The default RAID mode of your TeraStation is different for different models as shown below.
TeraStation Modes
TS-WVHL RAID 1
TS-QVHL
TS-6VHL
RAID 6
TS-8VHL
TS-RVHL
The characteristics of each type of RAID are described below.
• RAID 6
RAID 6 is available for TeraStation models with 4 or more hard drives. It combines 4 or more drives into a single array.
It generates parity during writes, so access speeds are slower than other RAID modes. The usable space is equal to the sum of the capacity of the hard drives minus the capacity of two drives. If 4 hard drives are combined into a RAID 6 array, the usable space will be the sum of 2 drives’ capacity.
If 2 hard drives in the array are damaged, you can recover data by replacing them. You cannot recover data if 3 or more drives are damaged.
• RAID 61
RAID 61 is available for TeraStation models with 8 hard drives. RAID 61 combines 8 hard drives into a single array. In this mode, two RAID 6 arrays are combined in a RAID 1 array. It generates parity during writes, so access speeds are slower than other RAID modes. Identical data is written to multiple hard drives. The total usable space is equal to the capacity of the smallest drive multiplied by the number of hard drives ÷ 2 – 2.
• RAID 60
RAID 60 is available for TeraStations with 8 hard drives. It combines 8 hard drives into a single array. In this mode, two
RAID 6 arrays are combined in a RAID 0 array. It generates parity during writes, so access speeds are slower than other
RAID modes. The total usable space is equal to the capacity of the smallest drive multiplied by (number of hard drives ÷
2 – 2) × 2.
• RAID 5
RAID 5 is available for TeraStations with 4 or more hard drives. It combines 3 or more drives into a single array. It generates parity during writes, so access speeds are slower than other RAID modes. The usable space is equal to the sum of the capacity of the hard drives minus the capacity of one drive. If 3 hard drives are combined into a RAID 5 array,
2
the usable space is the sum of 2 hard drives.
If one drive in the array is damaged, you can recover data by replacing the damaged drive. You cannot recover data if 2 or more drives are damaged.
• RAID 51
RAID 51 is available for TeraStations with 6 or more hard drives. RAID 51 combines 6 or 8 hard drives into a single array.
In this mode, two RAID 5 arrays are combined into a RAID 1 array. It generates parity during writes, so access speeds are slower than other RAID modes. Identical data is written to multiple hard drives. The total usable space is equal to the capacity of the smallest drive multiplied by the number of hard drives ÷ 2 – 1.
• RAID 50
RAID 50 mode is available for TeraStation models with 6 or more hard drives. RAID 50 combines 6 or 8 drives into a single array. In this mode, two RAID 5 arrays are combined into a RAID 0 array. It generates parity during writes, so access speeds are slower than other RAID modes. The total usable space is equal to the capacity of the smallest drive multiplied by (number of hard drives ÷ 2 – 1) × 2.
• RAID 10
RAID 10 is available for TeraStation models with 4 or more hard drives. In this mode, mirrored pairs of drives in RAID 1 arrays are combined into a RAID 0 array. Usable space will be the sum of 2 drives’ capacity.
• RAID 1
Combines 2 or more hard drives into a mirrored array. The available space in the array is the capacity of a single drive.
Identical data is written to each drives. If a drive is damaged, data can be recovered by replacing the damaged drive. If all drives in an array are damaged, data cannot be restored.
• RAID 0
Uses 2 or more hard drives. Multiple hard drives are combined into a single array. The disk space you can use is the total space of all hard drives used. This improves performance. If one hard drive fails, then all data in the array is lost.
• JBOD
This mode uses the hard drives inside the TeraStation as individual drives. The disk space you can use is the total capacity of all hard drives in the TeraStation. If any drives is damaged, you cannot recover data from that drive.
Notes:
• While a RAID array is being rebuilt, the message “RAID I17 ARRAYx Resyncing” is displayed on the LCD panel and file transfers will be slower.
• If you change the RAID mode, all of the data on the drives is deleted. Always back up any important data before changing the RAID mode.
• In this document, “recovery” means putting the TeraStation back to the state it was in before the malfunction happened. It does not mean reading data from failed hard drives.
• Before physically removing a hard drive from the TeraStation, dismount it in the TeraStation’s settings as described on page 14. If a drive is unplugged without dismounting it first, the TeraStation may not operate properly.
3
Using JBOD
With JBOD, each hard drive in the TeraStation is addressed separately. To put drives from an array into JBOD mode, follow the steps below.
1
In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - RAID Array .
2 Select the array you want to configure.
3
Click Delete RAID Array .
4
When the RAID Array operation window opens, click Apply .
5
Enter the confirmation number and click Apply .
6
Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.
You have now set up JBOD. Next, create a shared folder.
Confirm Operation screen
When you perform any of the following tasks, a Confirm Operation screen is displayed . To continue, enter the displayed number within 60 seconds and click Apply .
• Changing RAID array (Create or Delete)
• Deleting shared folders
• Removing hard drives
• Rebuilding RAID array
• Restoring the TeraStation to factory defaults
• Formatting TeraStation
• Emptying recycle bin of each shared folder
• Formatting RAID array or hard drives
• Configuring hot spare
• Configuring normal mode
• Enabled or disabled LVM
• Deleting LVM volumes
Confirm Operation
Screen
4
Creating a RAID Array from JBOD
1
Change system to JBOD.
2
In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - RAID Array .
3
Click the array you want to configure.
4
Select hard drives to be added.
5
1 Select your desired RAID mode.
2 Click Create Raid Array .
Note: After the RAID array is changed (except when creating a RAID 0 array), the TeraStation will perform a RAID check that will take about 10 hours per TB. File transfers will be slower during this period. While the “RAID
I17 ARRAYx Resyncing” message is displayed on the LCD panel, do not turn off the TeraStation. If you turn it off, the RAID check will start over.
6
Enter the confirmation number and click Apply .
7
Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.
You have now set up a RAID array. Next, create a shared folder.
Note: If a hard drive not included in the RAID array is left over, it is recommended that you set this drive as a hot spare drive for automatically replacing a failed hard drive.
5
Configuring a Hot Spare
If one of the drives in the array fails, the TeraStation will switch over to the hot spare immediately. You can configure another drive as a hot spare if the following condition are met:
• There is an extra drive not used in the array.
• Your TeraStation is in RAID 6, RAID 5, RAID 51, RAID 50, RAID 10, or RAID 1.
Note: All data in the hot spare drive will be deleted when it is configured as a hot spare and again when it changes over from a spare to a drive in the array.
1
In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - RAID Array .
2
Choose a RAID array.
3
Click Set to spare-disk .
4
Enter the confirmation number and click Apply .
5
Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.
You have now configured a hot spare.
6
RMM (RAID Mode Manager)
With RMM, you can create or expand a RAID array without erasing the data on the drives.
Changing from normal mode to RAID 1:
Hard drives that aren’t in a RAID array will show “Normal (RMM available)”. You must have at least two drives available
(not in a RAID array) to use RMM.
Adding a drive to an existing RAID array or adding a drive and changing the RAID mode:
You have RAID 1, RAID 10, RAID 5, RAID 51, RAID 50, or RAID 6 array. You must have at least one drive not currently in the array shown “Normal (RMM available)”.
Notes:
• Each drive should have the same capacity.
• RMM can be used to expand only one hard drive per operation. To expand by two or more hard drives, RMM must be performed several times.
1
If there are multiple hard drives not already included in a RAID array, or if drives were formatted from Settings, Status under System - Storage appears as “Normal (RMM available)”.
2 In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - RAID Array . Select RMM for RAID
Mode.
3
Changing from normal mode to RAID 1:
1 Select the drive whose data will not be erased from the pull-down menu.
2 Select the drive to be added to the RAID array.
3 Click Create RAID 1 while retaining data (RMM) .
Notes:
• After the RAID array is changed (except when creating a RAID 0 array), the TeraStation will perform a RAID check that will take about 10 hours per TB. File transfers will be slower during this period. While the “RAID I17
ARRAYx Resyncing” message is displayed on the LCD panel, do not turn off the TeraStation. If you turn it off, the RAID check will start over.
• If the TeraStation is restarted or shut down while changing the RAID mode, the message displayed on the LCD panel changes from I46 and I47 to I18.
7
Adding a drive to an existing RAID array or adding a drive and changing the RAID mode:
1 Select the drive to be added to the RAID array.
2 After adding the drive, click your desired RAID mode for the RAID array.
Note: After the RAID array is changed (except when creating a RAID 0 array), the TeraStation will perform a RAID check that will take about 10 hours per TB. File transfers will be slower during this period. While the “RAID
I17 ARRAYx Resyncing” message is displayed on the LCD panel, do not turn off the TeraStation. If you turn it off, the RAID check will start over.
4
Enter the confirmation number and click Apply .
5
Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.
You have now completed the procedure for changing the RAID mode with RMM.
8
Chapter 2
Adding an External Hard Drive
Connect an External Drive
Your TeraStation includes USB ports. You can connect a Buffalo external hard drive to it for backup or extra storage.
If the hard drive is already formatted, it will be detected automatically. If it is not formatted, format it from within
Settings.
One external hard drive may be connected to each USB port on the TeraStation. USB hubs are not supported.
Warning!
Do not unplug the drive from the TeraStation without dismounting it first. Turn to page 13 for directions on dismounting a connected drive.
If the drive properly connected, “usbdiskX” is added to the TeraStation’s shares on the network, where X is the # of the drive.
Note: Files that are automatically created by
Mac OS cannot be backed up to a FAT32 drive because they contain characters that are not allowed in FAT32. In some cases, an error can occur and stop the backup process before it is finished.
9
Formatting the External Drive
• A format deletes all data from a hard drive. Be careful! Back up any important data on a drive before formatting it. It will take a several minutes to format a drive.
• Shared folders cannot be accessed during formatting.
• Do not turn off or disconnect power to the TeraStation while formatting a hard drive.
1
In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - Disks .
2
3
1 Select the drive to format. Make sure that you have the right drive!
2 Click Format Disk .
1 Select File System .
2 Click Format .
4
Enter the confirmation number and click Apply .
5
Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.
Notes:
• The info LED on the front of the TeraStation will flash during formatting. The TeraStation’s shared folders cannot be accessed until the disk format is complete.
• If the hard drive is connected to the USB connector, partitions will be recreated.
10
Access Restrictions on External Drives
Refer to the TeraStation User Guide for more information on access restrictions.
Notes
• The TeraStation supports many types of USB devices including USB storage devices, card readers, digital cameras, and
USB printers. Other devices are not supported, such as USB hubs, card readers that recognize multiple memory cards, and USB mice and keyboards.
• You can connect one hard drive to each USB port. Only Buffalo drives are supported.
• Set the power mode for drives connected to the TeraStation to “manual”. Drives in “auto” power mode may not be recognized.
• Direct Copy doesn’t work with the HD-DU2 series DriveStation unless it has been reformatted.
• The TeraStation can supply bus power to a single external drive only. For multiple drives, or if you experience power problems, connect an AC adapter to each hard drive.
• Only the primary partition of the hard drive connected via USB connector will be recognized. Secondary and other partitions will not be recognized.
• Two-drive TeraStations do not support bus-powered USB drives.
11
Chapter 3
Removing Hard Drives
If the TeraStation is on, always dismount external hard drives before disconnecting them. You may dismount drives with the Function button, or from within Settings. If the TeraStation is turned off, dismounting is not necessary.
Dismounting with the Function Button
To dismount a USB drive, press and hold the function button for 7 seconds. The function button will be illuminated in blue (The LED next to the function button will be illuminated in blue on a rackmount TeraStation). After the light in the function button goes out, you can safely remove your USB device.
Notes:
• Wait 3 minutes before reconnecting a dismounted USB drive. It may not be recognized if you attempt to connect it immediately.
• When two TeraStations are configured for failover, if the main TeraStation is in maintenance mode, dismounting USB devices will not be possible. Turn off the TeraStation before unplugging the USB device.
12
Dismounting from Settings
1
In Settings, click System – Storage – Disks .
2
1 Select the drive.
2 Click Remove Disk .
When the Confirm Operation screen opens, enter the displayed number within 60 seconds and click Apply .
3
The function button will glow blue (on the rackmount TeraStation, the LED next to the function button will glow).
Remove the drive within 30 seconds.
Note: After 30 seconds, the drive will be remounted. If this happens, perform another dismount before removing it.
The drive has been safely removed.
13
Chapter 4
Managing your TeraStation
RAID Scanning
RAID scanning allows regular scans of your RAID arrays to be configured to run automatically. Errors will be fixed as they are found if possible.
For best results, schedule regular RAID scans if you use RAID arrays in your TeraStation.
1
1 In Settings, click System - Storage - RAID Scanning .
2 Click Modify Settings .
2
1 Click Enable .
2 Select your desired schedule for RAID Scanning Schedule.
Notes:
• Select Shut Down to have the TeraStation shut down automatically when an error is detected.
• If Begin Immediate RAID Scan is selected, then a RAID scan will begin immediately.
• To stop a RAID scan, click Abort RAID Scanning .
3 Click Save .
You have configured RAID scanning.
14
Disk Check
A disk check tests the data on a drive in the TeraStation or connected via USB. Errors are fixed automatically. A disk check may run for more than ten hours. Shared folders cannot be accessed during the disk check. Do not turn off power to the TeraStation during the disk check.
Run a disk check as follows:
1
In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - Disks .
2
1 Select the hard drive to test.
2 Click Check Disk .
3
Click Check .
The message “Checking“ will be displayed on the LCD panel during the disk check. The TeraStation’s shared folders cannot be accessed until the disk check is complete.
Note: If a power outage disconnects the TeraStation in the middle of a disk check, then you may not be able to access shares on the TeraStation from Mac OS. This is because the database created by Mac OS is damaged. To resolve, navigate to System - Storage - Check Disk and check Delete any hidden, non-essential
Mac OS dedicated files . Rerun the disk check when done.
Encrypt Hard Drives on the TeraStation
If encryption is selected during a reformat of a drive or array, it will be encrypted with 128 bit AES. The drive or array will then be only readable from that specific TeraStation. To unencrypt the hard drive, uncheck Encrypt and format it again.
Notes:
• Performance will be slower if an array or drive is encrypted.
• USB drives cannot be encrypted.
• Data recovery services will probably not be able to recover data from an encrypted drive or array.
15
Formatting Disks
Notes:
• Formatting deletes all data from a hard drive. Be careful! Back up any important data on a drive before formatting it. It will take a several minutes to format a hard drive.
• Shared folders cannot be accessed during formatting.
• Do not turn off the TeraStation or disconnect power cable while formatting a hard drive.
• To erase all data on a disk, choose System - Restore/Erase instead of formatting.
1
In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - Disks .
2
1 Select the drive to format.
2 Click Format Disk .
3 1 Select File System .
Note: If you check Encryption , the drive will be encrypted with 128 bit AES. It will be normally accessible in the TeraStation, but if removed, it will not be accessible from other devices. If encryption is enabled, data recovery services will not be able to recover data from a damaged disk. To unencrypt the drive, uncheck Encryption and format it again.
2 Click Format .
4
Enter the confirmation number and click Apply .
5
Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.
Notes:
• A format may take anywhere from a few minutes to several hours depending on the size of your drives.
• The message “Formatting” will be displayed on the LCD panel during formatting. The TeraStation’s shared folders cannot be accessed until the disk format is complete.
• If the hard drive is an external USB drive, its partitions will be recreated.
16
Media Cartridge System
The Media Cartridge System enables you to use an internal hard drive as a removable storage device in the same way as an external hard drive. The Media Cartridge System can be used for removing the internal hard drive and connecting it to another TeraStation with the data intact.
Notes:
• Formatting deletes all data from a hard drive. Be careful! Back up any important data on a drive before formatting it.
It will take a several minutes to format a hard drive.
• Do not turn off the TeraStation or disconnect power while formatting a hard drive.
• Hard drives that are converted to a media cartridge do not support changing RAID modes, creating LVM volume, or access restrictions .
• Hard drives that are converted to a media cartridge do not support connection to a computer for reading.
1
In Settings, navigate to System - Storage - Disks .
2
1 Select the drive to format.
2 Click Format Disk .
3
1 Select File System .
Note: If you check Encryption , the drive will be encrypted with 128 bit AES. It will be normally accessible in the TeraStation, but if removed, it will not be accessible from other devices. If encryption is enabled, data recovery services will not be able to recover data from a damaged disk. To unencrypt the drive, uncheck Encryption and format it again.
2 Select Media Cartridge .
3 Click Format .
4
Enter the confirmation number and click Apply .
5
Follow the instructions displayed on the screen.
Notes:
• The message “Formatting” will be displayed on the LCD panel during formatting. The TeraStation’s shared folders cannot be accessed until the disk format is complete.
• A format may take anywhere from a few minutes to several hours depending on the size of your drives.
17
Chapter 5
Extensions
Direct Copy
Direct Copy automatically copies movie, music, and images directly to the TeraStation from a USB device.
You can connect many types of USB devices to the TeraStation, including USB hard drives, USB flash drives, single-card card readers, digital cameras, and USB printers. USB hubs, mice, keyboards, and card readers that support 2 or more cards are not supported.
Note: When two TeraStations are configured for failover, if the main TeraStation is in maintenance mode, Direct Copy will not be available.
1
Connect the USB device. When it mounts (about 10 seconds), the function button will light up.
Note: Devices that don’t trigger the function button to light up are not supported.
2
You now have 60 seconds to hold down the function button for 3 seconds. If you do, the function button will flash as all the files on the USB device are copied to the Direct Copy folder.
Notes:
• While the function button is flashing, hold it down for 3 seconds to cancel Direct Copy.
• To change the Direct Copy target folder, navigate to Backup - Direct Copy - Edit , select a new folder, and click
Save .
Files are copied to the folder:
<Direct Copy folder>/pictures/yyyymmdd
yyyy: year copied
mm: month copied
dd: date copied
You may change the destination shared folder for Direct Copy in Shared Folders - Direct Copy - Modify Settings in
Settings. Subsequent Direct Copy folders are created at:
<Direct Copy folder>/pictures/yyyymmdd/n
yyyy: year copied
mm: month copied
dd: date copied
n: 1st time n=0, 2nd time n=1, 3rd time=2 and so on.
18
For USB mass storage class USB devices, files with following extensions will be copied.
avi, divx, asf, mpg, mpe, m1v, vob, mts, m2ts, m2t, mpeg, mpeg2, vdr, spts, tp, ts, 3gp, mov, m4v, wmv, dvr-ms, xvid, mp4, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, tif, tiff, yuv, bmp, mp3, mpa, wma, aac, apl, ac3, lpcm, pcm, wav, m3u, m4a, m4b, aif, aiff, flac, ogg, mp2, mp1
For digital cameras and other devices that don’t follow the USB Mass Storage Class standard, all files on the device will be copied.
3
When the access LED of the USB device goes off, the copy is finished. Dismount the USB device before unplugging it.
To dismount the USB device if the TeraStation is on, hold in the function button for 6 seconds. The blue LED will go out, and the USB device is dismounted. You may now unplug it safely.
If you turn off the TeraStation, the USB device is already dismounted, and you can remove it safely.
19
Disk Quotas
Notes:
• When using quotas, disable the recycle bin or empty the trash folder. The limited space includes the space used for trash.
• Quotas apply per drive or per array. If a quota is set to 1 GB, each array or drive can use maximum of 1 GB.
• Quotas can’t be set for external USB hard drives connected to the TeraStation, only internal drives.
Disk space quotas for users
To limit the space of shared folders that each user can use, follow the procedure below.
1
1 In Settings, navigate to Users/Groups - Local Users .
2 Click Create User .
2 1 Enter Username, User Id, Password, and Description.
Note: User IDs may be between 1000 and 1999. Do not duplicate user
IDs.
2 Enable User Quota .
3 Enter the maximum space this user is allowed for the Hard Limit (GB) . If a Soft Limit (GB) is entered, the user will receive a warning when the soft limit is reached. The soft limit should be smaller than the hard limit.
4 Click Save .
Notes:
• Username and password must be the same one that the user logs into Windows with. If these values are different, shared folders with access restrictions cannot be accessed.
• Deleting or adding users repeatedly may cause quotas to not work properly.
20
3
Select Shared Folders - Folder Setup and click Create Folder .
4
1 Configure the desired settings.
2 Click Access Restrictions .
5
Click Add .
6 1 Check the user you created in step 2.
2 Click Add .
7
8
Click Save .
You’ve configured a disk quota.
Select level of access privileges for the user you added from Read Only or
Read & Write .
21
Disk space quotas for groups
To limit the space of shared folders that each group can use, follow the procedure below.
1
1 In Settings, select Users/Groups - Local Users .
2 Click Create User .
2
1 Enter Username, User Id, Password and Description.
Note: User IDs may be between 1000 and 1999. Do not duplicate user
IDs.
2 Click Save .
Repeat steps 1 and 2 for each user in the group.
Notes:
• Usernames and passwords should be the same ones that the users log in to Windows with.
• If two different quotas apply, such a user quota and a group quota, the smaller quota is applied.
3
1 Select Users/Groups - Local Groups .
2 Click Create Group .
22
4
1 Enter Group Name, Group Id and Description.
Note: The group ID may be any number from 1000 and 1999. Do not duplicate Group IDs.
2 Click Enable for Group Quota.
3 Enter the total space that the group can use in the Hard Limit (GB) field.
4 Select users from step 2 in Local Users, and click Add for each.
5 Click Save .
Note: Deleting and adding groups repeatedly may cause quotas to not work properly.
5
1 Click Users/Groups - Local Users .
2 Select a user from step 2, and click Edit User .
6
Select the group created in step 4 and click Save .
7
Click Shared Folders - Folder Setup .
8
Click Create Folder .
9
1 Configure the desired settings.
2 Click Access Restrictions .
23
10
11
1 Click Local Groups .
2 Click Add .
1 Check the group you created in step 4.
2 Click Add .
12
13
Click Save .
You have configured a group quota.
Select level of access privileges for group you added from Read Only or
Read & Write .
24
Enable/Disable LVM (Logical Volume Manager)
LVM is disabled by default. Enabling LVM will allow you to divide volumes and extend capacity, but will degrade access speeds.
Notes:
• Changing the operation mode of a disk or array (such as enabling LVM) will delete all volumes and data from the disk or array. Back up any important data before making any configuration changes!
• If all hard drives and RAID arrays are set to Enable LVM , the online update function cannot be used unless there is at least one LVM volume.
1
In Settings, navigate to System - LVM .
2
1 Select the RAID array or the drive.
2 Click Enable LVM or Disable LVM .
3
Enter the confirmation number and click Apply .
LVM is now enabled.
25
Create Volumes
Notes:
• Deleting the default volume will delete all data from the TeraStation. Back up any important data before making any configuration changes!
• Enable LVM to delete or create volumes.
1
1 In Settings, navigate to System - LVM Volume .
2 Click Create Volume .
2
1 Configure your desired settings.
2 Click Save .
You have now created a new volume. Next, create a shared folder.
26
Extending Volumes
The available space on a volume can be extended after you create the volume.
Notes:
• Extending the volume may delete all data on the volume with some file systems. Before extending the volume, back up any important data on the volume.
• Before extending volumes, enable LVM.
1
1 In Settings, navigate to System - LVM Volume .
2 Click the volume you want to extend.
2
You have now extended the size of a volume.
1 Check the Enlarge Size box.
2 Enter the amount of space to increment the volume in GB.
3 Click Save .
27
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