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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band
WELL WCU450AN Dual
User’s Manual
802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
WEEE Directive & Product Disposal
At the end of its serviceable life, this product should not be treated as household or general waste.
It should be handed over to the applicable collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronics equipment, or returned to the supplier for disposal.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Table of Contents
SETTING UP WIRELESS SECURITY FOR HOME NETWORKS .................................................56
WPA2-PSK .......................................................................................58
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
) ......................................................................................65
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Welcome
Thank you for purchasing the IEEE 802.11n Wireless USB Adapter. In addition,
Wireless USB Adapter is backward compatible with 802.11a/b/g. When Wireless
USB Adapter is connecting to the standard 802.11a,802.11b, 802.11g or 802.11n
APs or routers, it can perform much better than other standard stations.
Wireless USB Adapter supports higher data throughput than the IEEE802.11n standard (up to 450Mbps).
For the security of WLAN, Wireless USB Adapter supports 64/128-bit WEP data encryption which protects your wireless network from eavesdropping.
It also supports WPA/WPA2 which combines IEEE802.1x and TKIP technologies.
Client users are required to authorize before accessing to APs or routers, and the data transmitted on the network is encrypted and decrypted by a dynamically changed secret key. Wireless USB Adapter supports WPA2 function which provides a stronger encryption through AES which is the most advanced WLAN solution for IEEE802.11i. Besides, Wireless USB Adapter supports WPS function which provides a stronger encryption and easier configuration through WPA2 which is the most advanced WLAN solution for IEEE802.11i.
Package Contents
The Wireless USB Adapter package includes the following.
1. Wireless USB Adapter
2. Quick Installation Guide
3. AUTORUN CD
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Wireless USB Adapter Overview
Wireless USB Adapter has the USB interface, LED and WPS button below.
Interface
USB Interface: Connect the USB Interface to a USB slot on your computer.
LED Description
Label Color On
WiFi Green Ready
Flash
WPS Green device connected to encrypted WLAN network
Receive Data
Start WPS pairing within 2 minutes
Off
WLAN Off device connected to unencrypted
WLAN network
WPS Button
WPS Button: Press this button for 3 seconds to do WPS with AP.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Wireless USB Adapter Installation
The following instructions will guide you to through the process of installing the
Wireless USB Adapter.
Windows 7
Step 1:
Once USB Adapter connected to computer and the following will appear on screen.
Step 2:
Please insert the AUTORUN CD into your CD-ROM drive.
The CD should auto-start, displaying the following window. If it does not start, click on Start – Run and type in CD: \autorun.exe (where CD is the drive letter of your
CD-ROM drive.) Click " Driver Installation ".
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 5:
Click " Install driver and Ralink WLAN Utility " and then click " Next "
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 6:
Click " Install ".
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 7:
Click " Finish ".
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Windows Vista
Step 1:
As Windows starts it will detect that new hardware has been added, and start the
" Found New Hardware Wizard ". Click on " Cancel ".
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 2:
Please insert the AUTORUN CD into your CD-ROM drive .
The CD should auto-start, displaying the following window. If it does not start, click on Start – Run and type in CD: \autorun.exe (where CD is the drive letter of your
CD-ROM drive.) Click " Driver Installation ".
Step 3:
F or Security reasons VISTA requires the installer program to have administrator p rivileges so the new policy called " User Account Control " has been in troduced in Windows VISTA. If UAC is enabled Windows pops up a window "
U
ser Account Control " Windows need your permission to continue. User needs to Click " Allow " to proceed with the installation.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 4:
Click " I accept the terms of the license agre ement " and then click " Next "
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 5:
Click " Install driver and Ralink WLAN Utility " and then click " Next "
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 6:
Click " Install ".
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 7:
Click " Finish ".
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Windows XP
Step 1:
As Windows starts it will detect that new hardware has been added, and start the
" Found New Hardware Wizard ". Click on " Cancel ".
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 2:
Please insert the AUTOR UN CD into your CD-ROM drive.
The CD s hould auto-start, displaying the following window. If it does not start, click on Start – Run and type in CD: \autorun.exe (where CD is the drive letter of your
CD-ROM drive.) Click " Driver Installation ".
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 3:
Click " I accept the terms of the license agreement " and then click " Next "
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S tep 4:
Click " Install driver and Ralink WLAN Utility " and then click " Next "
802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 5:
Click " Ralink Configuration Tool " and then click " Next "
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 6:
Click " Install ".
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 7:
Click " Finish ".
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Making a Basic Wireless Network
Connection
For Windows XP/Vista/7 users, your native Windows XP/Vista/7 wireless support
(Wireless Zero Configuration Service) has been disabled by default.
Infrastructure mode
An Infrastructure Mode network contains at least one wireless client and one wireless AP or router. This client connects to Internet or intranet by communicating with this wireless AP or router.
Step 1:
Double click the icon in the task bar to start the utility.
Step 2:
The Utility appears, by default connected to an available open wireless network.
Check the name of the network to which you are connected. If this is the correct network, no further steps are required.
Step 3:
T o connect to an alternative network, click the Available Networks button.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 4:
In the Available N etworks window that appears, select the name of the network to which you are connecting. Then click the connect icon and wait several seconds while the Utility sets up a connection.
Step 5:
The Utility automatically detects and displays the security settings of the network to which you are connecting in the Profile Settings screens. For instructions on s etting up security, click on the security method (WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK, WEP,
8 02.1X, WPA, or WPA2 WAPI-PSK, WAPI-CA, No Security) detected for your n etwork.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK
a. If the Utility shows that WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK security is detected, click the right arrow to sa ve your settings. b. In the screen that displays, in the 'WPA Preshared Key' field, type a security key, the same as that used by the AP or wireless router to which you are con necting. Click the right arrow to save your settings and connect to the network.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
WEP
a. If the Utility shows that WEP security is detected, click the right arrow to save your settings. b. In the 'WEP Key' field, type the same WEP key as that configured on the AP or wireless router to which you are connecting, and ensure that 'Default Tx
Key' and 'Key Format' settings are also the same. Click the right arrow to save your settings and connect to the network.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
802.1X, WPA, or WPA2
a. If the Utility shows that 802.1x, WPA, or WPA2 security is detected, click the right arrow to save your settings. b. Select the EAP Method (Extensible Authentication Protocol) and Tunnel
Authentication method, and if required, the Tunnel ID method and Tunnel
Mode, and enter the user name and password, using the settings provided by your or ganization's network administrator. For more information on settings for these fields and for those in the screens that follow, see Setting
Up Enterprise Security. Click the right arrow to save your settings.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
WAPIPSK
a. If the Utility shows that WAPI-PSK security is detected, click the right arro w to save your settings . b. In the 'WPA Preshared Key' field, type a security key, and select a Key
Format setting, the same as that used by the AP or wireless router to which you are connecting. Click the right arrow to save your settings and connec t to the network.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
WAPI-CA
a. If the Utility shows that WAPI-CA security is detected, click the right arrow to save your settings. b. If you have a WAPI certificate already installed, in the Select Mode field, select Auto and click the right arrow to save your settings and connect to th e network. Otherwise, if there is no WAPI certificate in your system, go to
Setting Up Enterprise Wireless Security: Setting Up WAPI-CA for information on installing a WAPI certificate.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
No Security
If your network has no security (not recommended), no further settings are required. Click the right ar row to save your settings and connect to the network.
Step 6:
Now you are ready to use the Wireless Network to Internet or intranet.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Connectin g to a Wireless Network Using
WPS
WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) is the simplest and most secure way to connect to a wireless network. WPS is a wireless security method aimed at combining strong
WPA or WP A2 security with a simple setup procedure. If the AP or wireless router to which you are connecting shows the WPS logo (shown below), you can set up a wireless connection simply and securely using WPS.
Y ou can apply WPS in two ways.
T
he Push-Button (PBC) method: (Recommended) The device to which you a re connecting must have a WPS button available on its external casing or as part of its software interface.
The PIN (personal identification number) method: Use this method if the device to which you are connecting has no WPS button.
Instructions
Follow these instructions to set up a WPS connection using either a push-button or a PIN.
Step 1:
Click the Profile Settings button in the Ralink Utility.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 2:
The Profile List screen displays. In this screen, click the WPS button .
Step 3:
Select yo ur WPS method. a. If the device to which you are connecting has a WPS push button, either on the casing or in the device's software interface, follow the instructions for the PBC method. b. If the device to which you are connecting has no WPS push button, follow the instructions for the PIN method.
The PBC Methods
a. To use the PBC method, select Push-Button Configuration(PBC). Click the right arrow to save your settings.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter b. Click Start PBC. At the same time (within 120 seconds) click the WPS button on the device to which you are connecting. c. Once connected, your WPS profile appears in the Profile List screen.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The P IN Method
a. To use the PIN method, select PIN / numeric code and, in the WPS AP List field, select the name of the network to which you connecting. Click the right arrow to save your settings. b. You can use either the PIN provided by the Ralink Utility or the PIN provided by the device to which you are connecting.
PIN provided by the Ralink Utility.
If the device to which you are connecting requires a PIN, in the Config Mode field , from the drop-down list, select En rollee. Your PIN is displayed in the Pin Code fi eld on your Utility. Then in the corresponding WPS interface on the device to which you are connecting, enter yo ur PIN in its PIN entry field. Click the right arrow to save your settings.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
PIN provided by the device to which you connecting.
If the device to which you are connecting pro vides a PIN (e.g. on the device casing), in the Config Mode field, select Registrar. In the PIN Code field, type the PIN provided by the device to which you are connecting. Click the right arrow to save your settings.
To optionally configure the connection name and security type on your WPS connection, click the WPS Profile button. Otherwise leave settings at their default and click the right arrow to save your settings.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
If you click on the WPS Profile button, the following screen appears, allowing you to configure the name of your n etwork connection and security method. In SSID ty pe a name for your WPS connection, and select an Authentication and
Encryption method.
In the WPA Preshared Key field, type a passphrase 8-63 characters long made u p of characters 0-9, a-z, A-Z, keyboard symbols and spaces. Click the right arrow to save your settings.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter c. For both PIN methods, the following screen displays. Click the Start PIN button.
At the same time (within 120 seconds) activate the corresponding WPS PIN connection function on the device to which you are connecting. d. Once connected, your WPS profile appears in the Profile List screen.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Connecting Using a Profile
You can also use a profile to connect to frequently used wireless network s. To do this you need to alre ady have set up a profile as shown in Setting Up a Wireless
Network Profile.
Instructions
Step 1:
In the Profile screen, select the profile for the network to which you are connecting.
Click the Connect button .
Step 2:
If the connection is successful, the tick icon appears .
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Connecting your Network to the Internet
You can let computers and devices connected to the Ralink AP a ccess the
Internet, as shown in the diagram below. This is done by setting up a wireless connection between the Ralink AP and an AP connected to the Internet.
NOTE: This feature is only available in Windows 7 and above.
Instructions
F ollow these instructions to let a device such as PDA access your network and u se your Internet connection.
S tep 1:
R ight-click on the Ralink icon y our screen. in the task bar in the bottom right hand corner of
S tep 2:
In the menu that appears, click Switch to Client + AP Mode.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 3:
The following popup appears. In WAN Adapter Name, select the card you will use to access the Internet (or a network with Internet access). The adapter name given here is an example only, the name of your network card may differ.
Step 4:
To connect your computer to an AP (or wireless router) with an Internet connection, follow the instructions for Connecting to a Wireless Network. Once properly configured, your computer should have access to the Internet.
Step 5:
To set up a wireless network through which other devices access the Internet, click the 'AP' button .
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 6:
The AP screen appears. In the SSID field, type a name for your network. In the
Authentication and Encryption fields, select the strongest security setting s supported by devices joining your network. If required, type a security key and note this safely for use by devices joining your network. Click Apply.
Step 7:
Connect a device such as PDA to your network using the settings applied in the
AP screen. Open a browser on the device to test its connection to the Internet.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Connecting Using Wi-Fi Direct
Use Wi-Fi Direct to connect directly to another computer or device that also supports Wi-Fi Direct. With Wi-Fi Direct connections there is no need for an AP or wireless router. In addition, Wi-Fi Direct supports WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Security) for quick setup of strong wireless security. In comparison to alternatives such as
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi Direct offers faster speeds (up to 250 Mbps depending on your network environment), with a greater range (up to 219 yards/ 200 metres) with stronger security (WPA2-PSK with AES encryption).
Instructions
T o connect one computer or device with another using Wi-Fi Direct, you need to make a W i-Fi Direct connection request which the other computer or device accepts. For instructions on making and accepting a Wi-Fi Direct connec tion using the Ralink Utility, follow the steps given below.
Step 1:
To access the Wi-Fi Direct screens, click the Wi-Fi Direct button on the Ral ink
Utility.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 2:
The Wi-Fi Direct screen displays. To enable Wi-Fi Direct, double-click the notebook icon.
Step 3:
T o identify your computer to other Wi-Fi Direct enabled devices, select Use My
C
omputer name or type a name. Click the right arrow to save your settings.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 4:
The following screen displays available, Wi-Fi Direct enabled c omputers and devices. Wait several seconds until all available devices are detected, or right-click the notebook icon and select Scan to refresh this window.
To connect to a computer or device, double-click its icon in the screen.
Step 5:
The Wi-Fi Direct Settings screen appears, with options to configure WPS (Wi-Fi
Protected Setup) on your Wi-Fi Direct connection. a. If the device or computer to which you are connecting has a WPS push button, either on the device housing or in its software interface, follow the instructions for th e Push Button Method. b . If the device or computer to which you are connecting has no WPS push button a vailable, but can accept a WPS PIN, follow the instructions for the Display PIN
M ethod. c . If the device or computer to which you are connecting is providing a PIN, follow th e instructions in the Enter PIN Method.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The Push Button Method
To use the WPS push button method, follow these steps.
For WPS Type, select Push-Button Configuration(PBC) and click the right arrow in this screen.
At the same time (within 30 seconds) activate the WPS push button method on th e computer or device to which you are connecting. Wait several seconds while a
W i-Fi Direct connection is set up.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The Display PIN Method
To set up WPS security by providing a PIN, follow these steps.
For WPS Type, select Display PIN. Note the PIN displayed in the PIN Code field.
C lick the right arrow.
The WPS connection process begins. Within 120 seconds, enter the PIN shown in the Ralink Utility in the corresponding WPS PIN field on the interface of the device to which you are connecting.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The Enter PIN Method
To set up WPS security using a PIN provided by the connec ting device, follow th ese steps.
Once another comput er or device makes a request to connect to your Ralink adapter, the following screen appears. Type the PIN made available from the computer or device making the connection request, and click the right arrow.
Wait several seconds while a Wi-Fi Direct connection is set up.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 6:
If your connection is successful, the connectio n details are shown in the screen that displays.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Sharing Files With W i-Fi Direct
The Ralink Utility lets you share files using Wi-Fi Direct. You can use the Ralink
M edia Server to share media files such as music, video, and image files, or use
Windows to share files.
Instructions
Follow these instructions to share media files using the Ralink Media Server, or share all file types using Windows Vista/7 or Windows XP.
Sharing Media Files with the Ralink Media Server
Step 1:
Ensure you have a Wi-Fi Direct connection set up. See Connecting Using Wi-Fi
Direct for instructions on how to do this.
Step 2:
In the Wi-Fi Direct screen, right-click on the notebook icon and se lect Media
Sharing.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 3:
In the Media Sharing screen, click the right arrow to enable the server and begin sharing media files located in the Media Sharing folder.
Step 4:
The files shared by the media server can now be accessed on the connecting computer. Use a media player on the connecting computer to locate the server and the media files, and view them or begin playback.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 5:
To finish sharing using the Ralink Media Server, in the Media S haring screen, press the stop button .
Setting Up a Wireless Network Profile
A profile is a group of se ttings which you can use to quickly set up a wireless connection. The Ralink Utility lets you set up profiles based on settings for a wireless network and for WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) settings. To set up a WPS p rofile, follow the instructions provided for connecting using WPS with the PIN method. To set up a wireless network profile, follow th e instructions below to set u p a wireless network profile either by applying the se ttings of an available connecti on, or by configuring settings manually.
Instructions
Follow th ese instructions to set up a profile based on the settings of an available wireless network, or to manually add or edit profile settings.
Setting Up a Profile Based on the Settings of an Available Network
Step 1:
To quickly set up a profile by using the settings of an available network, click the
Available Networks button to display the Available Networks screen.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 2:
In this screen, select a network and click on the Add to P rofile button .
Step 3:
The settings of the network you selected in the Available Networks screen are automatically displayed in the Profile Settings screens. Click the right arrow in these screens to accept all settings.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 4:
Click the right arrow in these screens to accept all settings. If required, enter security settings such as the security key for your network.
Step 5:
After you have set up a profile, it appears in the Profile List screen.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Setti ng Up Wireless Security for Home
Networks
Overview
To make your wireless connection more secure, choose the strongest security settings supported by the AP or wireless router to which you are connected. For home and small business networks, WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, and WEP are common security methods, and WAPI-PSK is a possible alternative.
Supported Security Methods
The following table shows the authentication and encryption methods supported by the Ralink Utility.
Authentication Method Encryption Method Comments
WPA2-PSK
(W i-Fi Protected Access
2 - Pre-S hared Key)
WPA-PSK
(Wi-Fi Protected Access
- Pre-Shared Key)
AES
(Advanced Encryption
Standard)
TKIP
(Temporal Key Integrity
Protocol)
WPA2-PSK is a faster, more recent standard than WPA-PSK.
AES is a stronger, more recent standard than
TKIP.
Open
Shared
WEP
(Wireless Encrypted
Privacy)
WEP is an older standard and is easily decrypted. If using WEP select Open as the authentication
Note: WAPI-PSK authentication with SMS4 encryption is also available, however, at the time of writing, it is a new Chinese standard and has yet to be made an ISO standard. method for slightly stronger security.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Instructions
To configure security settings on your network connection, u se the profile function in the Ralink Utility .
Step 1:
Click the Profile Settings button to display the Profile List screen.
Step 2:
To configure a wireless security profile, click the Add button to add a new profile, or click the Edit button to edit an existing profile.
Step 3:
In the screen that displays, enter the following settings. a . For 'Profile Name', type a name for the profile, or leave at its default value. b . In the SSID field, type the name of the network for which you are configuring s ecurity settings, or select the name of the network from the drop-down list p rovided. c . For 'Network Type', select whether your network is an infrastructure or ad hoc n etwork. If uncertain, leave at its default setting (Infrastructure).
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Functions
Infrastructure
Connect to AP if you are connecting to a typical wireless network maintained by an AP or wireless router.
Ad Hoc
Connect to other computers if you are connecting to a distributed network with no AP or router.
Step 4:
Click the right arrow to sav e your settings. For instru ctio ns on setting up a secu rity method, click on the corre s ponding link.
Setting Up WPA-PSK or WPA2 -PSK
PA-PSK or WPA2-PSK and for Encryption, sel ect
TKIP or AES. Click the ri gh t arrow to s ave your settings .
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
For WPA Preshared Ke y, type a passphrase 8-63 characters long made up of characters 0-9, a-z, A-Z , keyboard symbols and spaces. Click the right arrow to save your settings and finish setting up WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK security.
S etting Up WEP
For Authentication, select Open or Shared, and for Encryption select WEP. Cl ick the right arrow to save your settings.
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wireless router o P to which you are connecting.
Click the right arrow to save your settings and finish setting up WEP security.
Setting Up WAPI-PSK
For Authentication, select WAPI-PSK and for Encryption, select SMS4. Click th e right arrow to save your settings.
802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
In the screen that appears select a Key and Key Format setting supported by th e wireless router or AP to which you are connecting. a. If, in the Key Format field, you select Hex(8 ~ 64 hex digits), then in the WPA
Preshared Key field type a security key 8-64 characters long made up of digits
0-9 and letters A-F. b. If, in the Key Format field, you select ASCII(8 ~ 64 ASCII characters) in the
WPA Preshared Key field, type a security key 8-64 characters long made up of digits 0-9 and letters a-z and A-Z.
Click the right arrow to save your settings and finish setting up WAPI-PSK security.
Step 5:
With WEP, WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK security, you can select Use Pre-logon
Connection to automatically connect using the settings of this profile when logging in to Windows.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 6:
After you have set up security settings, it appears in the Profile Settings screen.
T o further edit settings, click the Edit button delete button .
, or to delete settings, click the
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Screen Descriptions
Operating Modes
The Utility has three modes; client mode (Default), access point mode, and
client + AP Mode (Windows 7 only).
Functions client mode
(Default setting) access point mode
Client mode allows you to use the Adapter as a wireless client, and to connect to an AP or wireless router and other clients in a wireless network.
AP mode lets you use the Adapter as an access point and set up a wireless network, to which wireless clients can connect.
client + AP
Mode
(Windows 7 only)
Client and AP Mode lets you use the Adapter both as an AP and as a member of a wireless network at the same time (Windows 7 only).
Client Mode
Client mode is the default setting. To use client mode, leave settings at their defaults. Manually setting client mode is only required when switching from AP mode to client mode. Follow these step s to use manually set the Utility to client mode.
Step 1:
icon in the task bar in the bottom right hand corner of your Right-click on the screen.
S tep 2:
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
In the me nu that appears, select Switch to Client Mode.
Step 3:
The Utility appears in compact mode showing the connection status of the
Adapter.
AP Mode
To set to the Utility to AP mode, follow these step s.
S tep 1:
R ight-click on the icon in the task bar in the bottom right hand corner of your s creen.
S tep 2:
In the menu that appears, click Switch to AP Mode. Wait several seconds for the
U tility to appear in AP mode.
Step 3:
T he Utility appears in compact mode showing the connection status of the
A dapter.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Client + AP Mode (Wind ows 7 only)
T his mode is only available in Windows 7 or higher.
Step 1:
R ight-click on the icon in the task bar in the bottom right hand corner of your screen.
S tep 2:
In the menu th at ap pears, click Switch to Cl
ient + AP M
ode.
Step 3:
If configuring an AP for the first time, in the SSID field, type a name for your wireless netw ork, and in the WPA2 Pre-Shared Key field, type a passphrase 8-63 charac ters long made up of characters 0-9, a-z, A-Z, keyboard symbols and s paces. Click OK.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Step 4:
If multiple network interface cards (NICs) are available on your computer, in WAN
Adapter Name select a NIC to connect to another network such as the Internet, and in LAN Adapter Name, select a NIC to connect to your AP's wireless network.
C lick OK. The following screenshot is an example only, your settings may differ.
The Compact Mode Screen
From the compact mode screen, use the Utility to connect to a wireless network, features including connecting directly to another wireless-enabled computer or d evice.
The Utility in compact mode shows the connection status of the Adapter.
T he W i-Fi Direct Screens
U se these screens to connect directly to other Wi-Fi Direct enabled devices and to s hare media files such as music, images and videos.
Wi-Fi Direct
Buttons
Functions
Use the left and right arrows to work through the Profile screens.
Click the Stop button to cancel setting up or editing a profile.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The Wi-Fi Direct Screen
U se this screen to find information about available Wi-Fi Direct-enabled devices and computers, and the status of your Wi-Fi Direct co nnection.
My Device Information: Displays the name configured for your Adapter for Wi-Fi
Direct connections.
My Device
Information
Functions
SSID
IP Address
Displays the name of the Wi-Fi Direct connection.
Displays the IP address of your Ralink Adapter on the Wi-Fi Direct network.
MAC Address
Displays the MAC address of your Ralink Adapter.
Indicates the group owner (GO). The GO allocates IP addresses in a
Wi-Fi Direct connection. By default GO status is assigned automatically but can be manually assigned by enabling autonomous GO on a device.
Indicates the Group Owner is connected to one or more devices using
Wi-Fi Direct.
Displayed only in group owner mode. Click this to configure WPS settings for connections managed by the Ralink Utility in group owner mode.
Displayed only in group owner mode. Click this to configure wireless security settings for connections managed by the Ralink Utility in group owner mode.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Right-click the notebook icon to di splay the following options.
Scan
Functions
Select this option to refresh the list of available Wi-Fi Direct enabled devices.
Enable autonomous
Select this option to set your Adapter to act as group owner (GO) without requiring negotiation with other devices.
GO
Media Sharing
Select this option to enable devices connected with Wi-Fi Direct to access media files on your computer.
The Wi-Fi Direct Screen
To display this screen, double-click on the notebook icon in the bottom left of the
Wi-Fi Direct screen to enable Wi-Fi Direct.
Use this screen to identify your computer to other Wi-Fi Direct enabled devic es.
Functions
Select this option to refresh the list of available Wi-Fi Direct enabled devices.
Use My
Computer name
Manually Enter a name for
Wi-Fi device
Select this option to manually enter a name to identify your computer to other Wi-Fi Direct enabled computers or devices.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The WPS Settings Screen
To display this screen, double-click on a device icon (not the notebook icon) in the
Wi-Fi Direct screen to set up a Wi-Fi Direct connection with this device.
Use this screen to decide how Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is configured on your
Wi-Fi Direct connection. WPS is a secure wireless connection method intended to simplify the process of configuring complicated security settings.
This screen also displays by clicking the WPS icon in the Wi-Fi Direct screen when Autonomous GO is enabled. These settings are applied to any Wi-Fi Direct connection made by the Utility when autonomous GO is enabled.
Push-Butto n
Configuratio n(PBC)
Display PIN
Enter PIN (ask
Display PIN)
PIN Code
Functions
Select this option to securely connect two WPS enabled devices by manually pushing a physical or software WPS button.
Select this option and use the PIN displayed to configure WPS on the device to which you are connecting.
Selec t this option and enter the WPS PIN provided by the device to which you are connecting.
If Display PIN is selected, use the PIN displayed in this field to configure WPS on the device to which you are connecting. To obtain a new PIN, click Renew 8 digit.
If Enter PIN (ask Display PIN) is selected, in this field type the
8-digit PI N provided by the device to which you are connecting.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The Autonomous GO Screen
Enable Autonomous GO to set the Adapter to automatically become group owner of any Wi-Fi Direct connection it has. This allows you to share a resource such as a network connection or access to media file s to other co mputers or devices to which you are conn ected.
To displa y this scre en, right-click on the own computer icon in the Wi-Fi direct screen and click
E
nable autonomous GO. To edit this setting later, click on the secu rity icon in the Wi-Fi Direct screen.
WPA Preshared Key: In this field, type 8-63 alphanumeric characters.
The Channel Selection Screen
To display this screen, click the right arrow in the Autonomous GO screen.
U se this screen to select the preferred opera ting channel and to save your settings t o a profile .
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Preferred channel
Functions
For reduced interference select the channel least used by nearby wireless networks.
The Media Sharing Screen
To display this screen, right-click on the own computer icon in the Wi-Fi direct screen and click Media Sharing.
Functions
Service Status
Indicates the status of the Ralink media server.
Server Name
Displays the name of the media server provide d with the Utillity. Type an alter native name, or leave it at its default setting.
Sharing Folder
Click the browse icon to locate and load the folder to be shared.
Click the right arrow to confirm settings and enable media sharing.
Click the stop button to disable sharing.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The Available Networks Scree n
The Available Networks screen provides information on available networks and their settings. Use this screen to connect to a network and add a profile.
Available Networks Buttons
The functions of the buttons in this screen are as follows.
Functions
Click the Rescan button to update the list of available wireless networks.
Click the Add Profile button to add the connection settings of the selected wireless network to the Utility's list of profiles.
Click the Connect button to connect to the selected wireless network.
Right-click the Available Networks screen to display the Sort menu.
This option sorts the list of available networks according to network name, channel number, or signal strength.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Availa ble N etworks Icon s
Site Surve y icons p rovide informatio n on the network setting of a profile.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
From left to right the icons are as follows.
1.
Connection status
Functions
- Successfully connected to the network.
2.
SSID or Network
Name
3.
The network mode
The name of the network to which you are connected.
- Infrastructure mode: Indicates the network is maintained by an AP or wireless router. This is a typical wireless network.
- Ad-hoc mode: Indicates the network is a distributed wireless network with no AP or router.
4.
Channel number
5.
Wireless s tandards
For reduced interference select the channel least used by nearby wireless networks.
- IEEE 802.11b
- IEEE 802.11g
network
- IEEE 802.11n
6.
The security s tatus of the n etwork
7. s trength of the s ignal
- Indicates that W PS is available on thi s network.
- Indicates that a security method is configured on this network.
The strength of the signal received from with the specified network.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
AP Information
For more detailed information on an available network, select a network to displa y
AP Information.
SSID
MAC Address
Authentication
Encryption
Functions
The name of your network
A unique identifier of your Adapter, assigned by the manufacturer.
Available authentication methods.
Available encryption methods.
The Link Information Screens
Use these screens to find detailed information on network settings, connection quality, and packet statistics.
L ink Information Buttons
Click the following buttons to access the Link Informa tion screens.
Functions
Click this button to access th e Link Status screen and find information on network settings.
Click this button to access the Throughput screen and find information on connection quality.
Click this button to access the Statistics screen and find information on packet statistics.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The Link Status Screen
Use this screen to find information on your network settings.
Status
Functions
This di splays the name of your network and the MAC address of th e acces s point (AP) to which you are connected. If there is no con nection, Disconnected is disp layed. If transmission is disabled
(indicated by the radio button icon ),
Turn off RF
is displayed.
Extra Info
If connected, Link is Up and signal strength is displayed. If di sconnected, Link is Down is displayed.
Authentication
Displays the authentication method used by your connection. The
U tility supports Op en, Shared, WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA, WPA2,
802.1X, CCKM, WAPI-PSK, and WAPI-CA.
Encryption
Network Type
D isplays the encry ption method used by your connection. The Utility s upports WEP, TKIP, AES, TKIP(MFP), AES(MFP), and SMS4.
Displays the type of network to which you are connected.
Inf rastructure indicates a typical network with an AP o r router, ad hoc in dicates a distributed network without an AP or router.
Central Channel
This displays the channel used in this wireless connection. If multiple channels are used, for example, to increase the available bandwidth , th is field displays the median channel number.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The Throughput Screen
Use this screen to find information on the quality of your connection.
Link Quality
Functions
An indicator of the quality of the signal b ased on measurements of the strength of the received signal and the le vel of packet loss for both received and transmitted data.
Signal Strength 1
Indicates the signal strength for each antenna supported by your
Adapter.
Transmit Link
Speed
Transmit Link
T hroughput
Receive Link
Sp eed
Receive Link
Throughput
Shows the maximum transmis sion speed supported by your wireless connection given current netw ork conditions.
Shows the amount of data transmitted by the Adapter.
Shows the maximum speed of signals received on your wireless connection given current network conditions.
Shows the amount of data received by the Adapter.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The Statistics Screens
Use these screens to find information on the packets transmitted and received by the Adapter.
The Transmit Screen
Transmit
Receive
Transmitted
Successfully
Retransmitted
Successfully
Fail to Receive
ACK After All
Retries
Functions
Select this option to find information on packets transmitted by the
Adapter.
Select this option to find information on pack ets received by the
Adapter.
Shows the number of successfully transmitted packets on the current wireless connection.
Shows the number of successfully retransmitted packets on the current wireless connection. A high number may indicate interfer ence on your network.
Shows the number of packets that were transmitted without an acknowledgement from a receiver. A high number may i ndicate interference on your network.
Click this button to reset all packet statistics displayed in this screen to zero.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The Receive Screen
Transmit
Receive
Received
Successfully
Retransmitted
Successfully
Received With
CRC Error
Dropped Due To
O ut-Of-Resource
Duplicate Frames
R eceived
Functions
Select this option to find info rmation on pa ckets transmitted by the
Adapter.
Select this option to find information on packets received by the
Adapter.
Shows the number of packets received on the current wireless connectio n.
Shows the number of successfully retransmitted packets on the current wireless connection. A high number m ay indicate interference on your network.
Shows the number of frames received with a CRC (Cyclical
Redundancy Check) or checksum error. A number much higher th an the number of packets successfully received in dicates interference is a problem on your network.
Shows the number of packets dropped due to an internal buffer overflow. An high number may indicate too much traffic on your network, or that your system is too slow to handle the current level of network traffic.
Shows the number of duplicate frames received. A high number may indicate computers and devices on your network are not receiving acknowledgement of their transmission and so are resending their data. Interference may be a cause of this problem. This value is typically higher for an ad hoc network than for a infrastructure network.
Click this button to reset all packet statistics displayed in this screen to zero.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The Profile Settings Scr eens
A profile is a set of network settings such as network name and security settings, which you can use to quickly set up a wireless connection instead of manually e ntering settings. Use these screens to configure a profile for a standard wireless connection or for a WPS-enabled netwo rk connection.
The Profile List Screen
The Profile List screen lets you add, edit and delete profiles, and find information on existing profiles. Use this screen to set up a profile and to configure WPS and wireless security for easy connection to frequently used wireless networks.
NOTE: When WZC is enabled, profile fun ctions are unavailable.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Profile List Buttons
The Profile List screen provides the following buttons.
Functions
Click the Add Profile button to add a new profile to the profile list.
Click the Delete Profile button to remove a profile from the profile list.
Click the Edit Profile button to change the details of the selected profile.
Click the Import Profile button to import a profile in .prof file format.
Click the Export Profile button to export the selected profile in .prof file format.
Click the Add WPS Profile to set up a profile with Wireless Protected
Setup (WPS) security settings.
Click to connect using the network settings in the selected profile.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Profile Settings
The Profile List screen describes the following profile settings.
1 2 3 4 5
1.
C onnection status
profile.
Functions
- Indicates if a connection made from the currently activated
- Indicates if the conn ection has failed on a currently activated profile.
2.
Profile name
3.
Network name/SSID
4.
Security Status
5.
Network Type
The name of this profile, default is PROF* (* indicating 1, 2, 3...).
The name of your network.
- Security is enabled.
- Infrastructure: Indicates that you are connecting to a typical wireless network maintained by an AP or wireless router. if uncertain, select this option.
- Ad Hoc: Indicates that you are connecting to a distributed network with no AP or router.
The Wireless Connection Profile Setting
S creens
U se these screens to set up a profile or edit existing profile settings for a standard w ireless connection.
Profile Buttons Functions
Use the left and right arrows to navigate through the Profile Setting screens.
Click the Stop button to cancel setting up or editing a profile.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The Profile Details S creen
Use this screen to add or edit the name of the profile a nd its network name and ty pe.
Profile Name
SSID
Network Type
Functions
Type a name for the profile, or le ave at its default value: PROF*, where * is 1, 2, 3, and so on.
Type the name of the network to which you are connecting, or select an existing network name from the drop-down list provided.
Infrastructure: Select this if you are connecting to a typical wireless network maintained by an AP or wireless router. If uncertain, select this option.
Ad Hoc: Select this if you are connecting to a distributed network with no AP or router.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The Profile Secu rity Settings Screen
Use these screens to configure authentication and encryption s ettings on your profile.
Authentication
Encryption
Functions
Select the strongest security method supported by your network.
O ptions include Open, Shared, WPA, WPA-PSK, WPA2, WPA2-PSK,
802.
1X, CCKM, WAPI-PSK, WAPI-CA.
Select the strongest encryption supported by your network and the selecte d authentication method. Encryption method options for each authentication method are as shown.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Security Protocol
Open
Shared
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected
Access)
WPA-PSK (Wi-Fi
P rotected Access -
Pre-Shared Ke y)
Encryption Method
None
WEP
TKIP (Temporal Key
Integrity Protocol)
AES (Advanced
Encryption Standard)
TKIP, AES
WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protecte d TKIP, AES
Access 2)
TKIP MFP (Temporal Key
Integr ity Protocol
(Management Frame
Protectio n))
AES MFP (Advanced
Encryption Standard
(Management Frame
Protection))
WPA2-PSK (Wi-Fi
P rotected Access 2 -
P re-Shared Key)
TKIP, AES
Comments
Not secure. WEP is an older standard and is easily decrypted. If using
WEP select Open a the authentication method for slightly stronger security.
Designed for large enterprises. Requires an authentication server.
AES is a stronger, more recent standard than
TKIP.
Designed for home or sm all business wireless networks. AES is a stronger, more recent standard than TKIP.
Designed for large enterprises. Requires an authentication server.
WPA2 is a stronger, more recent standard than
WPA. AES is a stronger, more recent standard than TKIP. MFP
(management frame protection) offers more security than no MFP.
Designed for home or small business wireless networks. WPA2-PSK is a stronger, more recent standard than WPA-PSK.
AES is a stronger, more recent standard than
TKIP.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Security Protocol
802.1X
CCKM (Windows Vista or
7 only)
WAPI-PSK (WLAN
Authentication and
Privacy Infrastructure -
Pre-Shared Key)
Encryption Method
WEP
WEP, TKIP, AES
SMS4
Comments
Designed for large enterprises. Requires an authentication server.
WPA and WPA2 are more recent standards.
CCKM allows secured roaming between APs with WDS (wireless domain services) enabled and access to the same
RADIUS server.
Designed for home or small business wireless net works. At the time of writing, this standard ha s not yet been accepted by
IS O.
WAPI-CA (WLAN
Authentication and
Privacy Infrastructure
C ertification Authority)
-
SMS4 Designed for large enterprises. Requires an authentication server. At the time of writing, this standard has not yet been accepted by ISO.
Following descriptions of the screens follow for each type of security.
T he WEP Screen
U se this screen to configure WEP security.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Default Tx Key
Key Format
WEP Key
Functions
Option s are Key 1 to Key 4. Select on e of these options.
Select a character format for your secu rity passphrase. Options a re
Hex(10 or 26 hex digits) or ASCII(5 o r 13 ASCII characters).
Type a security passphrase according to the option you select in the
Key Format field.
If you select a key format of Hex(10 or 26 hex digits), in the WEP
K ey fie ld type a security key 10 or 26 c haracters long made up of digits 0-9 and letters A-F.
If you select a key format of ASCII(5 o r 13 ASCII characters) in the
WEP Key field, type a security key 5 or 13 characters long made up of digits 0-9 and letters a-z and A-Z .
The WPA-P SK or WPA2-PSK S creen
Use this screen to configure WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK s ecurity.
WPA Preshared
Key
Functions
Type a passphrase 863 characters lon g made up of characters 0 -9,
a-z, A -Z, keyboard s ymbols and space s.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The WAPI-P SK Screen
Use this screen to configure WAPI-PSK security.
WPA Preshared
Key
Functions
Type a security passphrase according to the option you select in the
Key Format field.
If you select a Key Format of Hex(8~6 4 hex digits), in the WPA
Preshared Key field type a security key 8-64 characters long made up of d igits 0-9 and letters A-F.
If you select a Key Format of ASCII(8 or 64 ASCII characters) in the
W
PA Preshared Key field, type a secu rity key 8-64 characters long m ade up of digits 0-9 and letters a-z a nd A-Z.
Options are Hex(8~64 hex digits) or A
SCII(8 or 64 ASCII
characters).
Key Format
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The WAP I-C A Screen
Use this scree n to con figure WAPI-CA security.
Select Mode
Functions
Options are Auto or Manual. Select Auto to automat ically apply
WAPI certificates installed on your system. Select Ma nual to manually select a WAPI certificate installed on yo ur system from the drop-down list in the WAPI Certificate field.
WAPI Certificate
This option is available if Auto in Select Mode is selected. Select a
WAPI certificate from the drop-down list for use in applying WAPI security
Click this button to browse for WAPI certificates on your system.
Certificate Information - This information is only available when a WAPI certificate is selected from the WAPI Certificate drop-down list.
Serial Number
Issuer
Functions
Shows the unique identifier of the WAPI ce rtificate.
Shows the organization that issued the WAPI certificate.
Valid Period
Shows the validity period of the certificate in month/day/year format.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The 802.1X, CCKM, WPA or WPA2 Screens
Use the following screens to configure authenticat ion and tunnel methods required by 802.1X. CCKM, WPA and WPA2 security.
The EAP Method Screen
EAP Method
Session
Resumption
Tunnel
A uthentication
Tunnel ID
Tunnel
P assword/Mode
Functions
Select an EAP (Extensible Authe ntication Protocol) Method. Options are PEAP, TLS/Smart Card, TTLS (XP only), EAP-FAST,
MD5-Challenge (available only with 802.1X using Windows XP), and
LEAP.
Select this option to make use of the previous session's set tings for faster re-authe ntication
Select a security method to use when accessing the authentication server. Options depend on the the EAP method selected.
Options are Authentication ID and Machine ID. If Authentication ID is selected, user-based credentials are required. If Machine ID is required, credentials are based on the computer requesting access to the authentication server.
Tunnel Password refers to the password set for the user or computer accessing the authentication server. 'Tunnel Mode' options may include Static Password, Soft Token, Windows Logon (Windows
Vista/7 only), and Prompt User(Windows Vista/7 only). If tunnel mode is set to Static Password, the user authenticates once for the duration of the session. If tunnel mode is set to Soft Token, the user must authenticate, based on the time-out period of the soft token. If
Windows Logon is selected, user credentials are based on the user's Windows account. If Prompt User is selected, user credentials are requested on connecting to the network.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The following table shows the options fo r this screen.
Authentication
Method
PEAP
Tunnel
Authentication
EAP-MS-CHAP v2
Tunnel Mode Tunnel ID User Name/
Password
Required
n/a n/a Y/Y
EAP-TLS/Smart
Card
Generic Token
Card n/a Authentication
ID
Y/N (XP)
N/N (Vista/7)
Machine ID N/N n/a Y/Y Static
Password
Soft Token
Windows
Logon
(Vista/7)
N/N
N/N
TLS/Smart
Card n/a
Prompt User
(Vista/7)
N/N
TTLS (XP only) CHA
EAP-FAST
MS-
P,
CHAP,
MS-CHAP v2,
PAP, EAP-MD5
EAP-MSCHAP v2 (XP) n/a n/a
ID
Machine ID N/N
Authentication N/Y
ID
Machine ID N/Y
EAP
Card
-TLS/Smart n/a
(XP)
Generic Token
Card (XP)
Static
Password
Authentication
ID
N/Y
Machine ID N/Y
Authentication N/N
ID
Machine ID N/N
Authentication
ID
Y/Y
Soft Token
Machine ID N/Y
Authentication
ID
N/N
Machine ID N/N
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Authentication
Method
Tunnel
Authentication
Tunnel Mode Tunnel ID User Name/
Password
Required
n/a Y/Y
(XP, 802.1X)
LEAP n/a Static
Password
(Vista/7)
Windows
Logon
(Vista/7) n/a (Vista/7) Y/Y
N/N
Prompt User
(Vista/7) n/a (XP)
N/N
Authentication
ID
N/Y
Machine ID N/Y
The screens that follow depend on certification method employed.
The Server C ertification Screen
This screen appears for all PEAP and TTLS (XP only) methods.
Use this s creen to con figure access to server certificates.
Use Server
Certification
Allow intermediate certificates
Functions
Select this to use certificates supplied by the authentication server.
From the drop-down list, select the server that issues the certificate.
(For Windows XP users only) Select this to allow the use of certificates supplied by a computer located in the certificate chain connecting the server certificate and the server specified in the
'Server Name' field.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The User Cert ificati
This scre en appe ars for the follow ing EAP and tunnel methods.
PEAP-EAP-TLS/Smart Card
TLS/Sm art Card
All tunnel ID methods using TTLS (Windows XP only)
Use this screen to select a user certificate located o n th e user's com puter.
Functions
Use a certificate
Select this checkbox to set up sec urity using a us er c ertific ate. This
on this computer
field may be gra yed out with or wi thout the checkbox selec ted, dependin g on whether you are using security which requires a user certificate or not. Otherwise the us e of a user certificate is optional.
Issued to
This read-only field indicates the name of the user to whom the
.
Issued by
This read-only field indicates the name of the authentication server which issued the certificate.
Expiration Date
Friendly Name
This read-only f ield in dicates the d ate on which the user ce rtificate expires.
This read-only field indicates the n ame assigned to t he cer tificate for easy recogni tio n.
Use my smart ca rd
(Vista/W indows 7 only) Selec t this opti on to support smart card-based user authentication.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The PAC Screen
The PAC ScreenThis screen appears for EAP-FAST authentication (for Windows
XP users only).
Allow u nauthenticated provision mode
Provisioning
Tunnel
Use protected authentication credential
Import
Remove
Functions
Select this option to allow unauthe nticated users to o btain a PAC
(protected authentication credential) from the authentication server.
This is the security method selected in the previous screen which is used to encrypt the PAC distribution proced ure.
Select this option to allow the manual installation of a PAC.
Click this button to locate and install a PAC.
Click this button to uninstall the selected PAC.
The WEP Screen
This screen appears for MD5-Challenge authentication (for Windows XP users only). See the WEP screen description above for details.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The Pre-Logon Screen
Use this screen to enable automatic connection using a profile u pon starting
Windows. This option is only av ailable for profiles with WEP, WPA-PSK,
WPA2-PSK, EAP-F AST, and EAP-LEAP configured.
Use Pre-logon
Connection
Functions
Select this option to enable automatic connection on system startup to a wireless network based on your profile settings.
The WPS Pr ofile Screens
Use these screens to configure a WPS profile.
WPS P rofile Buttons
Profile Buttons Functions
Use the left a nd right arrows to navigate through the WPS profile scre ens.
Clic k the Stop button t o cancel setting up or editing a WPS profile.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The WPS Profile D etails Screen
Profile Buttons
WPS AP List
WPS Method
Functions
Displays a list of available WPS-enabled networks from a drop-down list.
Push-Button Configuration(PB
C): This optio n allows you to use a pus h-button available on the external casing of your device or in its soft ware interface to set up WPS.
PIN / numeric code: This option allows you to manually transfer a PIN eith er from the device the device to which you are connecting to the
Util ity, or from the Utility to the device to which you a re connecting.
The Push-Button Method Screen
Use this screen to beg in the WPS connection process using the push-button method.
Profile Buttons
Start PBC
Functions
Click this button to begin the WPS connection process. The corresponding WPS button available on the device to which you are connecting must be push within 120 seconds of this button.
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802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
The PIN Method Screen
Use this screen to set up a WPS connection using a PIN.
Profile Buttons
PIN Code
Functions
Displays the PIN used in this WPS connection.
If Enrollee is selected in the Co nfig Mode fiel d, use this PIN to begin the
WP S setup procedure on the device to which you are connecting.
If R egistrar is selected in the Config Mode field, locate t he WPS PIN made available on the device to which you are connecting and type the
PIN in this field.
Renew 8 digit
Click this button to display a new 8 digit PIN in the PIN Code field.
Renew 4 digit
Click this button to display a new 4 digit PIN in the PIN Code field.
Config Mode
From the drop-down list select Enrollee to use the PIN provided in the screen to set up a WPS connectio n, or select Registrar to use the PIN provided by the device to which you are connecting to set up a WPS connection.
WPS Profile
This option is only available when Registrar is selected in the Config
Mode field. Click this button to configure the name of the WPS connection and its security settings. These settings may be left at their default.
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The WPS Profile Screen
Use this screen to configure the name of your WPS connection and its security settings.
Profile Buttons
SSID
Functions
Type the name of your WPS connection. The name of this connectio n does not affect the name given for the entire network to which you are connecting.
BSSID
Authentication
This is the MAC address of the Ralink adapter.
Select the strongest security method supported by your network. Op tions include Open, Shared, WPA-PSK, or WPA2-PSK.
Encryption
Select the strongest encryption supported by your network and the selected authentication method. Options for each authentication method are as shown in the following table
Authentication Method Encryption Method
WPA2-PSK
(Wi-Fi Protected Access
2- Pre-Shared Key)
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
(Wi-Fi Protected Access -
Pre-Shared Key/ Wi-Fi
Protected Access 2 -
Pre-Shared Key)
AES
(Advanced Encryption
Standard)
TKIP/AES
(Temporal Key Integrity
Protocol/ Advanced
Encryption Standard )
Comments
Select WPA2-PSK and
AES for faster and stronger wireless security.
Select
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK and TKIP/AES if devices in your network do not su pport WPA2-PSK and
AES.
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The WPS WPA-PSK Scre en
Use this screen to configure a passphrase for your WPS c onnection.
WPA Preshared
Key
Functions
Type a passphrase 8-63 characters long made u p of characters 0-9, a-z,
A-Z, keyboard symbols and spaces.
The Start PIN Screen
Use this screen to start the WPS connection process using a PIN.
Start PIN
Functions
This screen appears for both PIN methods. Click this button to begin the
WPS connection process using a PIN. At the same time (within 120 seconds) activate the corresponding WPS PIN connection function on the device to which you are connecting.
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The Advanced Screens
Use these screens to configure advanced settings including channel selection, wireless m ode, certificate management, and ad hoc mode.
Advanced Buttons
Use the following buttons to navigate between the Advanced screens.
Functions
Click this button to access the Advanced screen and configure wireless mode settings.
Click this button to access the Certificate Management screen to install and manage WAPI certificates.
Use this screen to configure the wireless mode of your adapter.
NOTE: This screen sho ws o ptions supported by an IEE E 802.11n adapter. Other adapters may support differ ent options.
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Functions
Wireless Mode
Select the wireless mode that is compatible with the standards supported by the devices on your network. IEEE 802.11b/g/n all suppor t 2.4 GHz. If uncertain, leave this setting at its default value.
Select Your
Country Region
Code
Apply
2.4 GHz: This field displays if IEEE 802.11b/g/n standards are supported.
From the drop down list, select the appropriate code for your region. If uncertain, leave this setting at its default value.
Click Apply to save your changes.
The Certificate Management Screens
Use these screens to manage WAPI certificates for use in authenticating users a nd handling encryption. See Setting Up Enterprise Security: WAPI-CA for instructions on us in g certificates for user authentication.
T he Certificate Management Screen
Use this screen to install WAPI user and issuer certificates.
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User certificate
Functions
Click on the browse icon to locate and load a WAPI user certificat e.
Only WAPI (.cer) certificates are supported.
Issuer certificate
Click on the browse icon to locate and load a WAPI issuer certificate. Only WA PI (.cer) certificates are supported.
Click on the Install button to verify the user and issuer certificates. Once verified the authentication serv er unit (ASU) certificate is automatically downloaded and installed.
If more than one ASU certificate is installed, click the Up and Down arrows to move the selected certificate up and down respectively. If the
Ralink Utility is set to automatica lly detect a valid ASU, ASUs are examined in the order indicated in this screen. (See the Profile Settings:
WAPI-CA security screen f or instructions on setting automatic detection of valid ASUs.
Click on the Delete button to remove the selected cer tificate from the certificate list.
If the authentication server is located on a device external to the network's AP, click on the second Install button to install an ASU certificate.
Window field descriptions
1 2 3 4
1
2
The ID number for the ASU
Issuer of the ASU.
3
4
Certificate
Detail
Issuer
Subject
Valid From
Version
Type
Valid To
Subject given for the ASU.
Subject given for the ASU.
The certificate version.
Functions
The date to which the ASU is valid.
Functions
The issuer of the selected ASU.
The date from which the ASU is valid.
This shows the type of the certificate.
The date to which the ASU is valid.
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Use this screen to install a WAPI authentication server certificate.
Issuer certificate
Browse
Install
Delete
Functions
The authentication server unit (ASU) certificate.
Click this button to locate and select the ASU certificate to be installed.
Click this to install the ASU certificate.
Click this to remove the ASU certificate from the list.
Type
OK
This shows the type of the certificate.
Click this to save your settings.
Window field descriptions
1 2 3 4
1
2
Functions
The serial number for the selected ASU certificate.
The issuer of the selected ASU certificate.
3
4
The given subject description for the selected ASU certificate.
The date to which the selected ASU certificate is valid.
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The Abou t Screen
Use this screen to find information on the Utility including version number and firmware.
Utility
Driver
SDK
Date
Date
Date
MAC Address
Functions
Shows the vers ion number of the Utility. Wi-Fi Direct is supported by versions 4.1.3.0 and above.
Shows the driv er version of this driver. Versions 3.2.4.0 and above support Wi-Fi Direct.
Shows the software development kit (SDK) provided for downstre am developers.
Shows the date of release for the utility version shown.
Shows the date of release for the driver version shown.
Shows the date of release for the SDK version shown
Functions
The unique hexade cimal hardware identifier assigned to your Adapter.
Click to connect to the Ralink web site.
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The Compact Mode Sc reen (AP Mode)
From the compact mode screen in AP Mode, use the Utility to set up an access point (AP), control access to the AP based on MAC address.
The Utility in compact mode shows the AP status of the Adapter.
Click these buttons to open the following screens.
Functions
Use the AP Setup screen to set up a secure wireless network.
Use the Advanced screen to configure advanced network settings.
Use the Access Control List screen to configure an access policy for your network based on a client's MAC address.
Use the Connected Devices screen to find information on clients currently connecte d to your network.
Use the About screen to find information on specifications for the Utility.
The Utility also pro vides information and tools to manage your w ireless co nnection.
Functions
Use the AP Setup screen to set up a secure wireless network.
Indicates the security status of your connection.
Indicates AP Mode is enabled.
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Provides information on network se ttings.
SSID
Mode
Functions
This displays the name of your wireless network
Indicates the mode and hence frequency supported by your wireless connection.
Channel
IP
Mask
The channel assigned to your connection. Default is 6, options are 1-13.
The IP address identifies your Adapter on your wireless network.
The subnet mask hides your IP address from outside your wireless network.
The AP Setup Screens
T he AP Setup screens let you configure access point settings when the Utility is set to A P (access p oint) mode. Use these screens to set up a secure wireless network and manage access to the network.
The AP Se tup Screens
The A P Setup scre ens let you configure access point settings whe n the Utility is
Functions
Use the left and right arrows to navigate through the AP Setup screens.
Click the Stop button to cancel setting up your AP.
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The Network Settings Screen
SSID
Functions
This is the name of your network. Leave it at its default setting, or type a name for ease of use when accessing your network.
Hide SSID
Select this optional setting to h ide the name of your network from unauthorized computers or devices.
Wi re less Mode
Select the wireless mode that is compatible with the standards supported by the devices on your network. IEEE 802.11b/g/n all support 2.4 G Hz and IEEE 802.11a/n all support 5 GHz. If uncertain, leave this setting at its default value.
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Functions
Select Country
This indicates the Wireless Mode selected in the previous Network
Region:
2.4 GHz / 5 GHz
Settings screen. From the drop-down list, select the appropriate code for your region. For more information on the channels available for each region, see the Country Chann el List.
Channel
Enable 40 MHz
Bandwidth
Leave at its default value, or if interference is a problem on your network, choose a channel which experiences less interference. If you select
Enable 40 MHz Bandwidth, choose a channel with minimal interference on the four channels adjacent to your selected channel.
Select this option to increas e the bandwidth available for your wireless connection. This function wo rks by incorporating the bandwidth available on the four channels adjacent to your selected channel. This option is only supported by IEEE 802.1
1n devices. If a computer or device connected to the AP does not support this function, bandwidth is reduced to its default level.
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The Security Settings Screen
Authentication
Functions
Select the strongest security method supported by your network. Options include Open, Shared, WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, or WP A-PSK/WPA2-PSK.
Encryption
Select the strongest encryption supported by your network and the selected authentication method. Optio ns for each authentication method are as shown in the following table.
Authentication M ethod
WPA2-PSK
(W i-Fi Protected Access
2 - Pre-Shared Key)
W PA-PSK
(W i-Fi Protected Access
- Pre-Shared Key)
W PA-PSK/WPA2-PSK
Encryption Method
AES
(Advanced Encryption
Standard)
TKIP
(Temporal Key Integrity
Protocol)
BOTH (WPA2-PSK only)
Comments
WPA2-PSK is a faster, more recent authenitcation standard than WPA-PSK.
AES is a stronger, more recent encryption standard than TKIP.
Selecting
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK and BOTH allows the network to automatically adjust authentication and encryption methods to the strongest security supported by your network.
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Authentication Method
Open
Shared
Encryption Method
WEP
(Wireless Encrypted
Privacy)
The WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or
Comments
WEP is an older standard and is easily decrypted. If using WEP select Open as the authentication method for slightly stronger security.
W PA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Security Screen
Use this sc reen to set up WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, or WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK security on your n e twork.
Functions
WPA-PSK Key
Type a security key 8-63 characters long made up of characters 0-9, a-z,
A-Z, keyboard symbols and spaces.
Group Rekey
In terval
The interval after which the AP resets the group key. This key supports wireless security on your network. If uncertain, leave at its default value.
x 10 seconds
Sets the unit for the 'Group Key Interval' to 10 seconds. After the specified period the group key is reset.
x 1000 packets
Sets the unit for the Group Key Interval to 1000 packets. After sending the specified number of packets the group key is reset.
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The WEP Security Screen
Use this screen to set up WEP security on your network.
Functions
Default Tx Key
Options are Key 1 to Key 4. Select one of these options.
Key Format
Select a character format for your security passphrase. Options are
Hex(10 or 26 hex digits) or ASCII(5 or 13 ASCII characters).
WEP Key
Type a security passphrase accordin g to the option you select in the Key
Format field.
If you se lect a key format of Hex(10 or
26 hex dig
its), in the WEP Key field type a security key 10 or 26 characte rs long made up of digits 0-9 and lett ers A-F
If y ou sele ct a key format of ASCII(5 or 13 ASCII characters) in the WE P
Key field, type a security key 5 or 13 characters long made up of digits
0-9 and le tters a-z and A-Z.
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U se this screen to configure packet forwarding, the bea con interval, transmission power an d idle time.
Functions
No forwarding
If selecte d, this disables the forwarding of packets by the AP or router of
among wireless clients
packets sent by wireless clients to other wireless clients in the same network.
Default = 100 ms. The interval between beacon frames.
Beacon Interval
(ms)
Tx Power
Default = 100%. The power of the transmitted signal as a percentage of maximum power. Options include 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and Low.
Idle time (60 -
3600) (s)
Apply
Default = 300s. The maximum time a connected computer or device can be idle before it is disconnected from the network.
Click Apply to save your changes.
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The Access Control List S creen
The Access Control List records the MAC addresses of client s for use when allowing or disallowing transmission on the network. Use the Access Control List to configure an access policy for your network based on a client's MAC address.
Access Policy
Functions
Options include Disable (default), Reject All, and Allow All.
Disable: Disables access control to your network based on MAC address.
Reject All: All packets with a source MAC address matching those in the access control list cannot access your network.
Allow All: All packets with a source MAC address matching those in the access control list have access to your network.
MAC Address
Type a MAC address in hexadecimal format without additional characters
(e.g. colons or hyphens).
Adds the MAC address in the MAC Address field to the MAC address control list.
Removes the selected MAC address from the MAC address control list.
Removes all MAC addresses from the MAC address control list.
Apply
Saves all changes made to the MAC address control list.
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The Connected Devices Screen
The Connected Devices screen shows detailed information on current connections.
MAC Address
Functions
The unique hexadecimal manufacturer-assigned identifier of a device connected to the AP.
Client ID
An ID number assigned to each device on your AP's network, starting at 2 with a maximum of 32.
Power Saving
M ode
Indicates whether the connection with the associated device supports power-saving.
Tx Rate (Mbits)
Provides detailed information on factors affecting the data transfer rate.
IEEE 802.11n specific information includes the MCS (modulation and coding scheme) index value applied in a connection, the BW (bandwidth),
GI (guard interval), and the transmission rate of the current connection in megabits (Mbit).
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The About Screen (AP Mode)
Use this screen to find information on specifications for the Utility
Functions
Utility Version
Shows the version number of the Utility (different from the utility version in station mode).
Driver Version
Shows the version number of this driver (the same as that in station mode).
DLL Version
Displays the version number of the RaAPAPI.dll file, for use by downstream developers.
Date
Date
Date
Shows the date of release for the utility version shown.
Shows the date of release for the driver vers ion shown.
Shows the date of release for the DLL version shown.
MAC Address
The unique hexadecimal identifier assigned to the Ralink Adapter.
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Uninstall
Step 1:
Click " Start - > All Programs -> Ralink Wireless -> Uninstall - RT2860 ".
Step 2:
Click " Yes ".
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Step 3:
Click " Finish ".
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Troublesh ooting
The Trou bleshooting section contains suggestions to problems using the Utility.
Click on the following links to navigate to a problem area.
Not All Features are Available.
The Wi-Fi Direct button does not work.
If the transmitter icon displays as shown , click on it to enable transmission and to enable Wi-Fi Direct functionality.
The Profile button , the Advanced button , and the Connect button do not work.
The Utility is set to Windows Zero Configuration mode so these functions are unavailable while Windows manages the Adapter. To enable these features, right-click on the Utility icon in the bottom right corner of your screen. In the menu that displays, select Use RaConfig as Configuration Utility to enable these buttons.
The Profile button and the Advanced button do not work.
If you are logged on to Windows using a guest account, then these features are not available. Log out of Windows and log back in using an account with user or a dministrator permissions.
A warning me ssage displays when I try to enable AP Mode and/or enable client mode.
Disable other non-Ralink wireless cards. In Windows go to Network Connections, right-click on all wireless connections displayed which do not use the Ralink
Adapter, and select Disable.
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Client m ode or AP mode options are not available.
Ensure that you a re not logged into Windows using the Guest account. When you are logged in to the Guest account in Windows XP or Vista, AP mode is not available. When you are logged in to the Guest account in Windows 7, neither client nor AP mode are available. To use these options, log out of Guest mode and log in as a user or administrator.
I Can't Connect to a Network.
I cannot find the name of my wireless network in the Available Networks screen.
a. If the Available Networks screen shows no available networks, check the Ralink icon in the bottom right of your screen. If the 'Ralink Wireless LAN Card Not exist' icon displays, ensure your Ralink adapter is correctly installed. Alternatively, check transmission is enabled as indicated by the transmission icon in the main screen . b. Check the AP (access point) for your wireless network is turned on and is transmitting. c . Click the Rescan button in the Available Networks screen. d . Check the network name (SSID) settings on your AP. Check you have the c orrect SSID name and that broadcasting of the SSID is enabled.
I can see the name of my wireless network, but I can not connect to it. The
R alink icon displays as shown , indicating a disconnected status.
a . Check the network settings of your AP. You may be required to enter security s ettings. b . Check you have entered the correct security settings. c . Check the AP's MAC access policy has given you permission to access the AP.
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I can not remember my security settings (e.g. security key or password).
a . Check the security settings on your AP to find out its sec urity settings. b. Reset the AP to its default settings, and access the AP using the default security settings.
The Quality of My Connection is Bad.
I am not sure whether signal quality is a problem.
C heck the Ralink icon in the bottom right of your screen.
- Indicates a good connection and signal strength.
- Indicates a normal connection and signal strength.
- Indicates a weak connection and signal strength.
Alternatively, clic k on the Link Information button and then the Throughput button to check inf d
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The Ralink Utility indicates I have a weak connection . How can I increase the signal strength of my wireless connection?
a. Move the adapter closer to the AP. Avoid shielded locations, or locations experiencing interference. b. Set your wireless connection to the least used network channel. c. Upgrade your hardware to the lates t wireless standards.
I Can't Use WPS.
When I start the WPS connection process, one of th e following error messages displays.
No PBC AP available - Ensure you have started the WPS connection process on both devi ces, within 120 seconds of each other.
Too Many PBC APs available - There is more than one other device using WPS to connect to your device. Wait several minutes, then begin the WPS connection process on the two devices you are connecting.
WPS EAP process failed - You may have entered the wrong PIN. Repeat the
WPS connection process, this time correctly, entering the PIN in the device to which you are connecting.
An inap
pro riate EAP-FAIL received - The device to which you were c onnecting was unable to process the WPS connection. Ensure it is turned on with WPS enabled.
Error PIN Cod
e - Repeat the WPS connection process, this time correctly, e ntering the PIN in the device to which you are connecting.
I Can't Set Up a Wireless Network.
Other devices cannot see my AP.
Check the network name (SSID) settings on your AP. Check you h ave the correct
S SID name and that transmission of the SSID is enabled.
Other devices cannot connect to my AP.
Check the network settings of the AP match those of devices you are conne cting to. Check DHCP is enabled and that the MAC addresses of connecting devices have permi ssion to access the AP.
Other devices cannot connect to the Internet through my AP.
C heck you have correctly followed the instructions in Sharing Internet Access and have a working connection to the Internet from your AP.
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I Can't Use Wi-Fi Dire ct.
I cannot see the Wi-Fi Direct button (Windows 7 only).
Due to Windows behavior, sometimes the Wi-Fi Direct function is disabled in
W indows 7. To enable Wi-Fi Direct and make the Wi-Fi Direct button visible, in
Windows 7, go to Control Panel\Network and Internet\Network Connections , right-click on a Ne twork Connection such as Bluetooth, and select "Enable".
The Wi-Fi Direct button does not work.
If the transmitter icon displays as shown , click on it to enable transmission and to enable Wi-Fi Direct functionality.
I cannot see the computer or device to which I want to connect.
a. R ight-click on the notebook icon, and click Scan. b. Ensure Wi-Fi Direct is enabled on the device to which you connecting. c. E nsure the computer or device to which you are connec ting is within range and not shielded in any way .
I can see a device in the Wi-Fi Direct screen, but I cannot connect to it.
Check the GO (group owner) to which both devices belong (as indicated by the
GO icon ). If the devices belong to different GOs then their connection settings are different and they cannot connect. To connect these device s, they must connect to the same GO.
When I use WPS to set up a Wi-Fi Direct connection, I cannot enter the PIN in the 'PIN Code' field.
In this version of WPS, this field is graed out until the other WPS device begins the PIN connection process. Set the other WPS device to begin the PIN connection process. When the Ralink Utility receives a WPS connection attempt, you can then type the PIN in this field.
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Error Messages
To understand a problem signified by an error message and to find suggeste d solutions, search for the error message in the following tables.
E rror messages are organized into the following categories - Security, Profile,
Wi-Fi Direct, AP Mode, and miscellaneous error messages.
Security Err or Messages
ID Error Message
1 The maximum number of
PACs allowed is %d.
Delete unneeded PACs before importing additional
PAC files.
Problem Description Suggested Solution
The maximum number of PAC that can be installed in the Utility is
150.
Delete any unneeded
PACs before importing the PAC to be installed.
2 Invalid WPA-PSK key.
Enter a key using 8-63 printable ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal digits.
The WPS security passphrase entered is too short or too long.
Type a secur ity passphrase in the
WPA-PSK field which is between 8-63
ASCII characters or
8-64 hexadecimal characters.
3 Invalid WPA2-PSK. Enter a The WPA2 security key using 8-63 printable pa ssphrase entered is
ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal digits. too short or too long.
Type a security passphrase in the
WPA2 Pre-Shared
Key field which is between 8-63 ASCII characters or 8-64 hexadecimal characters.
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ID
4
Error Message
Invalid WAPI key. Enter a key with an even length made up of 8-64 printable
Problem Description Suggested Solution
The WAPI security passphrase entered is too short or too long.
Type a security passphrase in the
WAP I PSK field
ASCII characters or hexadecimal digits. which is between
8-64 keyboard characters.
5 Invalid WAPI key. An even If entering a WAPI number of hexadecimal digits is required. security passphrase using hexadecimal characters, th e total number of characters must be an even number.
Enter a security passphrase using an even number of hexadecimal characters.
6 Invalid WEP Key length. If entering a WEP
WEP key requires 10 or 26 security passphra se
Enter a se curity passphrase using 10 hexadecimal characters. using hexadecimal or 26 hexadeci characters, the total characters. mal number of characters must be 10 or 26 characters.
7 Invalid WEP key length.
WEP key requires 5 or 13
ASCII characters.
8 Please enter SSID
If entering a WEP security passphrase using ASCII characters, the total number of characters must be 5 or 13 characters.
When attempting to connect to a wireless network which does not broadcast its netwo rk name (SSID), you need to enter the network name.
Enter a security passphrase using 5 or 13 ASCII characters.
Enter the name of the network to which you are connectin g.
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ID
9
Error Message
Must input Identity
10 Must input Password
11
12
The network is configured with OPEN security. Do you want to connect?
No AP supported.
13 Tunneled identity require d for PEAP authentication !
Problem Description Suggested Solution
When setting up EAP In the Tunnel ID field, security, for Tunnel ID you need to enter your user name. enter the user name assigned you by the network
When setting up EAP security, for Tunnel
Password you need to enter the passwo associated with y user name. rd our administrator.
In the Tunnel
Password field, enter the password assigned you by the network administrator.
The network to which you are connecting is open, and any data you send may be read or altered by others.
When setting up a
WPS connection using the push button method, the Utility scans for APs that support WPS and reports an error message if none are found.
The user name assigned you by the network administrator is required for PEAP authentication.
Click Yes to continue connecting to an unsecured network, or find a more secure network to which to connect.
Check the AP to which you are connecting is turned on, with WPS enabled, and is in range.
In the Tunnel ID fiel type the user name d, assigned you by the network administrator.
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ID
14
15
Error Message
Password required for
MD5 authentication!
Please select a cli certificate to use! ent
16 The certificate's expiry da te is invalid. Select a certificate with a valid expiry date.
17 Invalid User certificate
18 Invalid Issuer certificate
Problem Description Suggested Solution
When setting up In the Tunnel
Password field, typ e EAP-MD5, a password associated to your user name is required. the password associated to your user name whic h was assigned yo u by the
When setting up use certification on your
EAP method, you need to select a u certificate . r ser network administrator.
When setting up an
EAP method, in the certificate sc reen, select a user certificate.
The user certificate you selected is out of date.
Ask you network administrator for a new, valid user certificate.
The WAPI user certificate was not accepted.
The WAPI server certificate wa accepted. s not
Check the expiry date of the certificate, a new certificate may be required.
Alternatively, check the certificate is the correct one f or the user.
Check the expiry date of the certificate, a new certificate may be required.
Alternatively, che ck the certificate is the correct one for the authentication server.
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ID
19
23
Error Message
Issuer and subject a matched in Issuer certificate.
Issuer and subject are matched in Issuer certificate. re not
20 User certificate and Issuer certificate are not matched.
21 This setting already exists.
22 The selected certificate is over the maximum length.
24 Invalid Pin Code
25 Pin Code error
Problem Description Suggested Solution
For WAPI certificates, Check you have the subject in a server certificate must match the issuer. installed the server certificate and not the user cert ificate
For WAPI server/user certificate pairs, the public key in both user and server certificate must match. s instead.
Manually exam ine the public key in server and use r certificates to find matching pairs.
You are attem pting to select a certificate that has already been selected.
The certificate you have selected is too long.
You do not nee d to install this certificate.
Continue settng u p security.
Check you have selected the correct certificate .
Alternatively, ask your network administrator for a new, valid certi ficate.
The issuer cannot issue a user certific ate for itself.
When setting up a
WPS connection, a
PIN with a lengt equal to either 4 or 8 is entered. h not
When setting up a
WPS connection, a
PIN with the correct length is entered, but with the wrong digits.
Check you are connect ed to the correct authentication server. Alternatively, check you have installed the correct certificates.
Type a PIN with the correct le ngth. This is either a total of 4 or 8 digits.
Re-enter the correct
PIN.
126
802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
ID Error Message
26 This connected AP has been configured. You select "YES" to try to reconfigure.
can
27 The AP is already configured. Your profile settings can not be applied.
28 Your profile uses OPEN security to co configure? nfigure, and do you still want to
29 AP's uuid is empty, please press rescan button to scan again!
Problem Description Suggested Solution
To set up a conne ction to an AP using a WPS profile, any existing
Click YES to a pply the settings of your
WPS profile to
the AP
WPS settings on the
AP must be reset to those of your WPS profile. to which you are connecting. NOTE this feature is only available
in WPS version 2.
Reset either the WPS If the WPS settings of the WPS profile you are using to conne ct to an AP are different settings on the AP or those of the WPS profile you are using to connect t o the AP, from those configured on the AP, then the connection will fail. so that they are th same. e
You ar e attempting to set up a WPS connection using been config
a
WPS profile which has ured with no security settings.
It is recommend ed that security is configured on any wireless connection used.
The Utility failed to detect all required settings on the AP to which you are using
WPS to connect.
Restart the WPS connection process by clicking the "Start
PIN" b utton.
Alternatively, in the
Site Survey screen, click the "Rescan" button to dete ct AP settings.
127
802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
ID
1
2
Error Message
Please ente r profile's name
Problem Description Suggested Solution
When setting up a In the profile name profile, a na me is required in the profile name field. field, type a nam the profile. e for
Profile name requires 1-32 When typing a name characters. for the profile, the maximum size is 32 characters.
3 A profile name consisting only of spaces is not allowed.
When typing a name for the profile, the spacebar can only used in co njunction with printable characters.
Type a name for t profile using no m
If using the spaceba while typing a name for your profile, ensure yo characters. r u have also typed printable he ore than 32 characters .
4 The integer value following by "PROF" should not exceed 4294967294
5 Not accept profile whose security is WEP or WPA or
TKIP for WPS verion2
When leaving the profile name to its default "PROF"+n+1, where n= number of profiles created, n may not exceed the stat maximum. ed
When set ting up a
WPS profile, you configured non-AES security. However,
WPS version 2 only accepts AES securi ty.
Enter an alt ernative profile name, for example, use hexadecimal to indicate high numbers of prof iles.
To connect to a WPS version 2 enabled device, you need configure a WPS profile with A ES
to security. Alternatively with a WPS profile configured with non-AE S security, try connecting to a device with WPS version 1 enabled.
,
128
802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
ID Error Message
6 Failed to import! No prof in the file. ile
7 Failed to import! More than one profile in the file.
8
9
10 Please try again to save
11
Failed to import! This profile name already exists.
The profile to delete is currently in use. with another file name.
The maximum number of profiles allowed is 100.
Problem Description Suggested Solution
When importing a Try exporting a prof ile file, and use a text fi le profile file, no profile settings were found i n the file. editor to examine the settings. Any profi le file you import shou ld have similar setting s.
When impo rting a profile file, conflicting profile settings were found in the file.
Use a text file edito r such as No tepad to examine the profile file and delete conflicting entries.
When importing a profile file, a profile with an identical pro file name was found already configured.
Delete the existing profile with the matching name.
Alterna tively, using a text editor applicatio n such as Notepa d, edit the name of the profile to be imported .
You are currently connected to a network using the profile to be deleted .
Discon nect from the network to which you are currently connected, then delete the profile.
Rename the p rofile file you are exporting .
When exporting a profile which has t he same name as an existing profile filename, and which is currently in use, the save will fail.
You have reached the maximum number of profiles supported by the Utility.
To add additional profiles, delete existing profiles in the profile list.
129
802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
Wi-Fi Direct Error Messa ges
ID Error Message
1 Both devices are trying to become group owner.
4 channel is %s
3 PIN code error
The selected device is unavailable. mismatch:Please use %s
6 The maximum number of users are connected to the
Wi-Fi Direct network.
Problem Description Suggested Solution
When connecting Disable Autonomous using Wi-Fi Direct, both devices attempt
GO. to become g roup owner.
When setting up bo a traditional wireless connection t th o an AP and a Wi-Fi Direct connection, the channels used need to match.
Manually configure the connections so that the channels used are the same.
When setting u p WPS in Wi-Fi Dire ct, an incorrect PIN was entered.
The Utility incorrectly shows a device is available for Wi-Fi
Direct connection.
Enter the correc t PIN and repeat t he Wi-Fi
Direct WPS process.
Check the dev which you are connecting is ice to turned on and has Wi-Fi
Direct enabled.
Try again to set up
WPS, this time usin g the correct WPS method.
When setting up WP S in Wi-Fi Direct, the device to which you are connecting uses the wrong WPS method.
The maximum number of devices the Utility can connect to using
Wi-Fi Direct is 32. After this number is reached any attempts to connect using Wi-Fi
Direct will fail.
Disable unnecessar
Wi-Fi Direct connections and reattempt to con y nect.
130
802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
ID
7
8
Error Message
Reject by user
Wi-Fi Direct group session is terminated due to channel conflict: peer channel is %s
9 Invite %s. Please set WPS settings from GO
10 Wi-Fi Direct does not support connections to members of an ad hoc network.
802.11N(20/40MHz) and
802.11BG mode: peer channel is %s
%s will become number.
Problem Description Suggested Solution
The device to whic h Reattempt the connection and if that you are connecting using Wi-Fi Direct has rejected or failed to fails, contact the owner of the device accept your connection request. to which you are trying to connect.
When attempting to use Wi-Fi Direct to share your Internet connection by bo th
Connect first to the
AP, then to the devic e to which you are connecting to an AP and to a device to which you are sharin g sharing the Inte rnet.
If the channels are still not the same, manually set the the Internet, the channels of both connections must be the same. same channel settings on both connections.
When the Autonomous
GO is enabled on the
Utility, WPS setting must be configu
The device to which you are conne cting supports a different
Wi-Fi hardware standard from your device. red before setting up a
Wi-Fi Direct connection. s
You are attempting to set up a Wi-Fi Direct connection to a dev ice which is part of an ad hoc network.
In the Wi-Fi Direc t screen, when autonomous GO is enabled, click the
WPS icon, an d configure WPS settings.
Remove the device t which you are connecting using o
Wi-Fi Direct from the ad hoc network.
Wi-Fi Direct is an
802.11n standard.
Set up a Wi-Fi Dire ct connection with an
802.11n device instead.
131
802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
ID Error Message
12 Please enter server friendly name
13 Start Wi-Fi Direct concurrent GO Fail
14 Invalid Intent idex, Intent idex = 0~15
Problem Description Suggested Solution
In the Media Sharing sc reen, type a name for the media server.
When operating in
"client + AP" mode, enabling the group owner setting faile d.
To decid e the group owner in a Wi-Fi Direc t connection, the intent index is used. The default for the Utility is
7 and within the valid range.
Retry enabling the
GO fu nction.
The default intent index value for the
Ralink Utility is in the valid range. Check the intent index on the device to which you are connecting and reset it to an integer between 0 and 15.
132
802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
AP Mode E rror M essages
ID
1
2
4 Do not add the Ra link AP's
MAC address.
5
Error Message
URL unavailable.
Invalid MAC address format. Use 8 hexadec digits. the Access List. imal
MAC address is already in
Problem Description Suggested Solution
When clicking on the Check you are connected to the Ralink icon in the
About screen , no connection to the
Internet.
Internet can be found .
When setting up the
Access Control List,
MAC addresses nee to be entered using 8 characters "0"-"9" a nd
"A"-"F", i.e. hexadecimal characters. d
Ensure you have entered 8 hexadecimal characters. addresses When entering MAC are not accepted. addresses in the
Access Control screen, MAC addresses where the second character is odd are not accepte d.
Such a MAC address represents a group of devices, but the access control screen is intended to control individual access to the network.
As access to the network is required b y the AP, you may not enter the AP's M AC address.
The MAC address you are entering is already added to the access control list.
Ensure the se cond character of the MAC address you are entering is not odd.
This should not be a n issue if you are entering the MA C address of a sin gle device on your network.
Do not attempt to a the MAC address o your AP to this list.
You do n ot need to add this MAC address. dd f
133
802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
ID Error Message
6 MAC address require
Access List d in
Problem Description Suggested Solution
When "Allow All" or
"Reject All" is selec ted from the drop-down
list in the Access Contro l screen, one or more
MAC addresses mus t be added to the list.
Ensure that one or more MAC addresses are added to the access contro l list before selecting
"Allow All" or "Reject
All" in the Access
Control screen.
In the Advanced scree n, type an idle time between 60 and 36 00 se conds.
7 The idle time should be between 60 - 3600 seconds.
8
9
The beacon period should be between 20 - 1000 ms.
Invalid WPA-PSK security key. Use 8-63 printable
ASCII characters or 64 hexadecimal
10 Enter an integer value for the group rekey interval between 3 and 67108863.
11 Invalid WEP key length.
WEP key %d requires 5 or
13 printable ASCII characters.
12 Invalid WEP key length.
WEP key %d requires 10 or 26 hexadecimal digits.
In the Advanced scree n, type a beacon interval period between 2 0 and 1000 milliseconds.
In the AP Setup screen, type a WPA-PSK security passphrase usin g either 8 -63 ASCII characters ("a"-"z","A"-"Z", "0"-"9", plus keyboard symbols and the spacebar), or 8-64 hexadecimal characters ("0"-"9","A"-"F").
In the AP Setup screen, if the "x 10 seconds" button displays, type a group rekey interval between 3-67108863 units of 10 seconds.
If the "x 1000 packets" button displays, type a group rekey interval measured by the number of packets transmitted on the network between
3-67108863 x 1000 packets.
In the AP Setup screen, when setting up WEP security, when ASCII is selected, type a WEP security passphrase made up of 5 or 13 ASCII characters.
In the AP Setup screen, when setting up WEP security, when hexadecimal is selected, type a
WEP security passphrase made up of 10 or 26 hexadecimal characters.
134
802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
ID Error Message
13 Switch to client mode failed. Log out of other user accounts on your c omputer and retry.
Problem Description Suggested Solution
When switching fr om Request the owner of
AP mode to client mode, switching cannot complete if
Utility is running in
the another user accou nt on the same computer.
the user account running the Utili ty to log in and close th e
Utility. Oth erwise, try running the Utility as administrator.
135
802.11a/b/g/n Dual Band Wireless N USB Adapter
ID Error Message
1 Switch radio failed!
2
r
Problem
Description
The
Adapter cannot be t urned on or off, i.e. r adio tran smission cannot be enabled or disa ble.
Before usin g SoftAP, When switching please radio on... fro m client mode to
AP m ode, the radio tran smission
Suggested Solution
Che ck
whether you have per mis sion by Windows
to mana g e the Ralink Utility.
Cli ck " run as Administrato r".
Alterna tively, reinsert th e
Adapter, or reinstall the
Utility.
Click the radio (RF) icon in the main menu to enab le radio transmission, then try again to switch to AP mode.
3 Please turn on
AutoConfig se rvice
4 Start failed!
5 No selected item
6 Please enter SSID disa bled.
Whe n switching to
AP m ode, the
Win dows
A uto Config service has been disabled.
For information on ena
AutoConfig, visit the bling
Microsoft support web s ite http://support.microsoft.com
/.
Rali nk Utility. AutoConfig is enabled.
Alternatively, reboot your computer.
Check the s creen to ensure that all required selections have been made before saving changes. e
Whe n saving chan ges to a scr e en, user input is still required in fields such as radio butt ons or combo b oxe s.
W he n configuring setti ngs for connecting to an ad hoc network, an
SSID or name of the network is required.
In the SSID field, type the name o f the ad hoc network to which you are connecting.
136
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