SOP Analyzer User`s Manual

SOP

Analyzer User’s Manual

FIBERPRO / www.fiberpro.com

SOP

Analyzer

User’s Manual

FIBERPRO

tel. +82-42-369-0030 fax. +82-42-369-0040 http://www.fiberpro.com email: [email protected]

[MA-SA2-0206-00]

Contents

[ ]

S O P A N A L Y Z E R U S E R ’ S M A N U A L

07

08

1. General Information

1.1 Warning

1.2 Caution

1.3 Line Voltage Selection

1.4 Service

1.5 Accessories

1.6 Specifications

10

11

13

14

15

16

2. Introduction of SA2000

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Measurement Principle of SA2000

2.3 What You can Measure with SA2000

2.3.0 Reference Linear Polarization

2.3.1 Normalized Stokes Parameter (S

1

, S

2

, S

3

)

2.3.2 Degree of Polarization (DOP)

2.3.3 Linear Polarization Extinction Ratio (LPER)

2.3.4 Polarization Extinction Ratio to Reference

Polarization (PERref)

2.3.5 Inclination Angle of Polarization Ellipse

(ANGLE)

2.3.6 Minimun Linear Polarization Exinction

Ratio (minLPER)

2.3.7 Minimum Extinction Ratio to Reference

Polarization (minPERr)

2.3.8 Minimum and Maximum Angle of Major

Axis (minAng & maxAng)

17

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

3. SA2000 Operation

3.1 Front Panel at a Glance

3.2 Rear Panel at a Glance

3.3 How to Use SOP Analyzer

3.3.0

Before the Start

3.3.1

To Power on the Instrument

3.3.2

To Start or Stop a Measurement

3.3.3

To Change the Measurement Display

3.3.4To Restart the min-max Operation

3.3.5

To Set the User Reference Angle

3.3.6

To Change the Reference Mode

3.3.7

To Set the Average Number

3.3.8

To Change the Wavelength Operation Mode

(fixed

λor non-fixed λmode)

3.3.9

To Choose between 1.3 um and 1.5 um Range

3.3.10 To Set the GPIB Address

3.3.11 To Set the Analog Voltage Output

3.3.12 To Return the Instrument to Local Control from Remote Control

3.4 Remote Interface

3.4.1

Control via RS-232

3.4.2

Control via GPIB

34

35

37

38

39

43

44

4. Command Set

4.1 Operation-related commands

4.1.1

Measurement - Related Commands

4.1.2

Measurement Configuration -

Related Commands

4.1.3

Analog Output - Related Commands

4.1.4

System - Related Commands

4.2 IEEE 488.2 Command Commands

4.3 RS-232 Interface Commands

4.4 Error Codes

45

46

5. Comments for Accurate Measurement

5.1 Optical Source

5.2 1.3/1.55 um Selection

5.3 Fixed

λOperation Mode

5.4 Changing Adaptor

5

G e n e r a l I n f o r m a t i o n

1. General Information

1.1 Warning

■ Dangerous voltages, capable of causing injury or death, are present in this instrument. Use extreme caution whenever the instrument covers are removed.

Do not remove the covers while the unit is plugged into a live outlet.

■ To avoid electric shock, the power cord protective ground conductor must be connected to ground.

■ No user serviceable parts exist in this instrument. Refer all services to qualified personnel.

1.2 Caution

This instrument may be damaged if operated with the line voltage selector set for the wrong AC line voltage or if the wrong fuse is installed. Before using the instrument, be sure to read through the operation manual to ensure proper operating procedures.

1.3 Line Voltage Selection

This instrument can operate from any single-phase AC power source that supplies

100 V / 120 V / 220 V / 240 V ± 10% at a frequency of 50 ~ 60 Hz. Before connecting the power cord to a power source, check if the line voltage selector located in the rear panel is set correctly (for 230 V operation, use the 220 V setting). Conversion to other AC input voltage requires adjusting the line voltage selector.

Line fuse Line cord

The fuse used by this instrument is

T2AL/250VAC.

This instrument has a detachable, three-wire power cord for connection to the power source and to a protective ground. The exposed metal chassis of the instrument is connected to ground via the power line cord to protect against electrical shock. Always use a socket outlet that has a properly connected protective ground.

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1.4 Service

Do not attempt to service or adjust this instrument unless an authorized person is present. Do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modifications to this instrument. Contact FIBERPRO or your local distributor for service support.

1.5 Accessories

AC power cord

SA2000 operating program CD

N type (wide) keyway adaptor

User’s Manual

1.6 Specifications

Wavelength Range

Input Power Range

Measurement Speed

Poincare Sphere Display Accuracy

Accuracy of Inclination Angle

Accuracy of Degree of Polarization

Extinction Ratio Range

Accuracy of Optical Power Measurement

Optical Input

Analog Output

AC Power Input

Dimensions

Operating Temperature

Storage Temperature

Interface

1250 ~ 1400 nm, 1450 ~ 1640 nm 1), 2)

-50 dBm ~ 10 dBm

12 Hz 3) , 24 Hz 4)

±0.6

。

±0.2

。

±1%

1), 7)

0 dB ~ 50 dB

0.2 dB 8)

FC and free space Ø < 3 mm

3 analog ports, 5 user selectable modes

9)

Mode 1 : S1, S2, S3

Mode 2 : LPER, PERref, ANGLE

Mode 3 : LPER, Power, ANGLE

Mode 4 : PERref, Power, ANGLE

Mode 5 : DOP, ANGLE, S3

100 V ~ 125 V, 210 V ~ 250 V,

50 Hz / 60 Hz

86 (H) × 212 (W) × 420 (D) mm

10

℃ ~ 40℃

-10

℃ ~ 60℃

RS232 / GPIB

G e n e r a l I n f o r m a t i o n

1) This range is for fixed wavelength operation mode (calibrated mode).

2) For variable wavelength operation mode, this range is reduced to 1260 ~ 1340 nm,

1520 ~ 1620 nm.

3) The optical specifications of this table are based on the average number of 2 corresponding 12 Hz.

4) At the condition of a single average, the measurement speed is 24 Hz.

5) For DOP > 90%

6) At linear polarization

7) For variable wavelength operation mode, this accuracy is limited to the polarization state with ellipticity angle within -35 。~ 35。

8) At power calibrated wavelength 1.3 um and 1.55 um.

9) S1, S2, S3 are normalized Stokes parameters. LPER is polarization extinction ratio to linear polarization and PERref is polarization extinction ratio to particular linear reference polarization. ANGLE is the inclination angle of polarization ellipse.

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2. Introduction of SA2000

2.1 Introduction

FIBERPRO’s SOP Analyzer, SA2000, provides polarization analysis including the

State Of Polarization (SOP), Degree Of Polarization (DOP), Polarization Extinction

Ratio (PERref, LPER) 1) , and inclination angle of polarization ellipse of input light.

Refer to 2.3 What you can measure with SA2000 for a detailed explanation of each parameter.

SA2000 has various applications in Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) measurement and polarization maintaining device characterization and fabrication. Some PMD measurement methods, for example, Jones matrix eigenanalysis method, scanning principal state of polarization method and 3

Stokes parameter wavelength scanning method according to ITU-T G.650 require exact SOP measurement. SA2000 can discriminate the SOP with Poincare

Sphere display accuracy of 0.6

。

SA2000 measures Polarization Extinction Ratio (PER) with dynamic range of 0 ~

50 dB. The PER is the essential characteristic of Polarization Maintaining Fiber

(PMF), PM patch cord, and PM devices. There are many optical devices that are pigtailed to PMF, such as, laser diode, polarizer, polarization beam splitter, modulator, etc. SOP and PER measurements are effective methods in aligning polarization axis of such devices.

NOTE

1) SA2000 application program, supplied with

SA2000, has another Polarization Extinction

Ratio (PER) measurement function. In this program, PER is measured from the diameter of circular trace of state of polarization on

Poincare Sphere which is generated from perturbing polarization maintaining fiber through stretching, heating or cooling the fiber.

I n t r o d u c t i o n o f S A 2 0 0 0

2.2 Measurement Principle of SA2000

SA2000 uses a unique technique, a rotating wave plate and a rotating polarizer method for SOP analysis. In this technique, the SOP measurement is intrinsically independent of optical wavelength. Thus, SA2000 measures SOP exactly over a wide wavelength range without wavelength calibration.

The optical light incident into SA2000 passes through a wave plate rotating in clockwise direction and a polarizer rotating in counterclockwise direction and is then detected by photo diode. (Fig. 1) Wave plate and polarizer rotate with the same speed in opposite directions of each other. From the Fourier transform of the signal monitored by photo diode detector during one complete rotation data, 4

Stokes parameters are acquired.

Detailed relationship between Fourier transform components and 4 Stokes parameters is given by the following proportional equations.

[Eq. 2.1]

F

0

∝ s

0

F

2

∝ (s

1

+ is

2

) cos

2

α

F

4

∝ -is

3 sin(2 α)

F

6

∝ (s

1

- is

2

) sin

2

α

In (Eq. 2.1), 2

α is the differential phase retardation of wave plate and F

0

, F

2

, F

4 and

F

6 are amplitude of 0, 2

ω

, 6

ω harmonics of signal detected by the photodiode, respectively where

ω is angular velocity of rotating wave plate. From the above relationship and measured F’s, 4 Stokes parameters s

0

, s

1

, s

2

, s

3 and 2

α are simultaneously determined by the following relationships.

[Eq. 2.2] [Eq. 2.3] tan

2

α=｜F

6

/ F

｜ s

0

∝ F

0 s

1

∝ real(F

2

+ F

6

) s

2

∝ imag(F

2

- F

6

) s

3

∝ iF

4

/sin(2

α)

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User’s Manual

One of the key features of SA2000, is the ability to measure state of polarization independent of operating wavelength as shown in (Eq. 2.2) and (Eq. 2.3), even though the differential phase retardation of wave plate 2

α depends on wavelength.

However, there are some drawbacks in the above method. 2

α calculated according to (Eq. 2.2) shows uncertainty as s

1 and s

2 approach zero simultaneously, that is, circularly polarized light and 2

α is the most accurate value when the light is linearly polarized. This is the reason why the specification of accuracy of degree of polarization in variable wavelength operation mode is limited to the polarization state with ellipticity angle within -35

。~ 35。.

To overcome this drawback, SA2000 provide another measurement mode, fixed wavelength operation mode (fixed

λmode). In fixed λmode, SA2000 assumes that the wavelength of optical light does not change and so the phase retardation

2

α α calculated at the moment when fixed

λmode is initiated and applies this value throughout the whole measurement during fixed

λ mode operation without new calculation of 2

α

If the user does not need to change the wavelength of optical source for a long time, FIBERPRO recommends using fixed

λmode. The merit of fixed λmode is the stability of DOP and s

3 near north and south pole of Poincare Sphere, that is, circular polarization states. It is important to initiate fixed

λmode when the state of polarization is near linear polarization state to get an exact 2

α value.

PD

WP POL

[Fig. 1] Optical Structure of SA2000. WP: wave plate, POL: polarizer, PD: photodiode

I n t r o d u c t i o n o f S A 2 0 0 0

2.3 What You can Measure with SA2000

2.3.0 Reference Linear Polarization

For the representation of state of polarization, we need to choose one particular linear polarization as a reference polarization, that is, (1,0,0) T polarization in Stoke vector representation or (1,0) T in Jones vector representation. In this manual, this polarization state will be called reference

linear polarization or x polarization. The following measurement

parameters, normalized Stokes parameter (S

1

, S

2

, S

3

), polarization extinction ratio to reference polarization (PERref), and inclination angle of polarization ellipse (ANGLE) depend on the selection of reference linear polarization.

The SA2000 has factory-set reference linear polarization direction which is nearly parallel to the keyway direction of the optical adaptor. Also, any user can set a particular linear polarization as his own reference polarization.

Refer to 3.3.5 To set the user reference angle to see how to set user reference polarization and 3.3.6 To change the reference mode to see how to change reference polarization from factory reference to user reference and vice versa.

2.3.1 Normalized Stokes Parameter (S

1

, S

2

, S

3

)

The Stokes Parameters are defined as: s

0

= total power = p polarized

+ p unpolarized s

1

= ˆx polarized power - ˆy polarized power s

2

= (+45 。polarized power) - (-45。polarized power) s

3

= right circular polarized power - left circular polarized power

Here, ˆx and ˆy represent two orthogonal linear polarization direction and ˆx corresponds to reference linear polarization direction.

Normailzed Stokes Parameters (S

1

, S

2

, S

3

) are Stokes parameters divided by s

0

.

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2.3.2 Degree Of Polarization (DOP)

Degree Of Polarization (DOP) is the ratio of polarized optical power to total optical power.

2.3.3 Linear Polarization Extinction Ratio (LPER)

LPER explains how much the state of polarization is close to linear

polarization state regardless of the orientation of the major axis. Refer to

Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 for the definition of the parameters in the following equation.

2.3.4 Polarization Extinction Ratio to Reference

Polarization (PERref)

PERref explains how much the state of polarization is close to a particular

linear reference polarization state. Refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 for the definition of the parameters in the following equation.

NOTE

PERref is a useful value when evaluating PM fiber patch cord if the reference polarization direction is parallel to the direction of the keyway of adaptor.

I n t r o d u c t i o n o f S A 2 0 0 0

2.3.5 Inclination Angle of Polarization Ellipse (ANGLE)

ANGLE is the angle between the major axis of polarization ellipse and the

linear reference polarization direction. ANGLE is measured in a clockwise direction from a reference polarization direction when viewed from light propagation direction.

ANGLE =

θ

Refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 for the definition

θ.

2.3.6 Minimum Linear Polarization Extinction Ratio

(minLPER)

minLPER is the minimum value of Linear Polarization Extinction Ratio

(LPER) from the time when MinMax key is pressed.

2.3.7 Minimum Extinction Ratio to Reference

Polarization (minPERr)

minPERr is the minimum value of

Extinction Ratio to Reference

Polarization (PERref) from the time when MinMax key is pressed.

[Fig. 2] Elliptically Polarized Light

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User’s Manual

2.3.8 Minimum and Maximum Angle of Major Axis

(minAng & maxAng)

minAng and maxAng are minimum and maximum values of the inclination

angle of polarization ellipse (ANGLE) from the time when MinMax key is pressed.

[Fig. 3] Poincare Sphere Representation of State of Polarization.

3. SA2000 Operation

3.1 Front Panel at a Glance

S A 2 0 0 0 o p e r a t i o n

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ ⑪

[Fig. 4] Front Panel of SA2000

⑫

① Power Switch - When this switch is turned on, the instrument is initialized and waits for a measurement to be started.

② Front panel display - Measurement result is displayed or appropriate information of the instrument is displayed in each setting menu.

③ START(ADDR) key - Measurement is started. When this key is pressed again, the measurement is stopped. If this key is pressed together with the [SHIFT] key, the instrument enters GPIB address setting menu.

④ MinMax (AVG #) key - The stored minimum and maximum readings of LPER,

PERref and ANGLE are cleared and the min-max operation is restarted. If this key is pressed together with the [SHIFT] key, the instrument enters the average number setting menu.

⑤ REF ON (REF SET) key - The reference mode toggles between user and factory reference mode whenever this key is pressed. If this key is pressed together with the [SHIFT] key, the instrument enters the user reference angle setting menu.

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User’s Manual

⑥ Fixed

λ

(1.3/1.55 um) key - The wavelength operation mode toggles between

fixed

λand non-fixed λmode whenever this key is pressed. If this key is pressed together with the [SHIFT] key, the instrument enters the 1.3/1.55 um range setting menu.

⑦ SHIFT (LOCAL) key - When the instrument is under local control, pressing this key enables secondary function printed in blue above or below each key. If the instrument is under remote control, the instrument is placed under local control.

⑧ ENTER key - The instrument saves the setting value and exits the setting menu.

⑨ [

▲

] key - The setting value increases or the measurement display is changed.

⑩ [

▼

] key - The setting value decreases or the measurement display is changed.

⑪ Indicators - Each indicator is lit on when the instrument is under the following states.

[MEAS] indicator - Measurement is started.

[Ref] indicator - The reference mode is the user reference mode.

[RMT] indicator - The instrument is controlled by the remote interface.

[Fixed λ] indicator - The wavelength operation mode is in fixed λmode.

⑫ Optical input

3.2 Rear Panel at a Glance

S A 2 0 0 0 o p e r a t i o n

① ② ③

[Fig. 5] Rear Panel of SA2000

④ ⑤ ⑥

① Power entry module - The power entry module for the AC line voltage input. It blocks high frequency noise entering the instrument. Before you plug the power cord into a socket outlet, check the voltage selector switch to determine if it is in the correct position.

② Voltage selector switch - This switch is used to select an input AC voltage. Set at 115 V for operations between 100 and 125 VAC. Set at 230 V for operations between 210 and 250 VAC.

③ Fuse holder

④ RS-232 connector - RS-232 interface is provided.

⑤ GPIB connector - GPIB interface is provided.

⑥ BNC connectors - The instrument outputs analog voltage that is proportional to one of the measurement results.

CAUTION

To minimize the electromagnetic interference

(EMI), make sure that your cable for remote control (RS-232 or GPIB) is a shielded cable. Using not-shielded cable may increase the interference by electromagnetic radiation noise.

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3.3 How to Use SOP Analyzer

3.3.0 Before the Start

The [SHIFT] key annunciator

When the [SHIFT] key is pressed, its annunciator ‘ ▲’ is turned on at the most upper right side of the measurement display window. If it is pressed again, its annunciator is turned off. The example is as follows.

LPER : dB

ANGLE: Deg

�

LPER : d

▲

ANGLE: Deg

The [Shift] key has been pressed.

When input power is too high or too low

When input optical power is too high or too low to make an accurate measurement, the instrument displays no numeric value but ‘++.+++’ or

‘--.---’ as a measurement result. The ‘++.+++’ indicates that input power is too high and the ‘--.---’ indicates that input power is too low. The example is as follows.

LPER : ++.+++ dB

ANGLE: ++.+++ Deg

LPER : --.--- dB

ANGLE: --.--- Deg

Input power is too high.

Input power is too low.

If

STOKES?

or

EXRATIO?

query command is executed in the remote operation when the input power is too high or too low, the instrument generates the device dependent error and saves it to the error queue. Refer to 4.4 Error codes for more specific descriptions. The return messages are all zero except for the optical power value. The returned optical power is

10mW when the input power is too high and 1nW when the input power is too low.

S A 2 0 0 0 o p e r a t i o n

3.3.1 To Power on the Instrument

Front panel operation

Check whether the voltage selector switch is selected correctly for input

AC line voltage.

Connect the power cord to the power entry module at the rear of the instrument and the other end to a suitable AC line power receptacle.

Press the [POWER] switch, the following power-on messages should be displayed:.

FIBERPRO SA2000

SOP Analyzer

�

FIBERPRO SA2000

GPIB ADDRESS 10

After four indicators are turned on and off successively, the measurement display window is turned on. Notice that the instrument enters the latest measurement display window automatically.

LPER : dB

ANGLE: Deg

3.3.2 To Start or Stop a Measurement

Front panel operation

Press the [START] key. A measurement is started and the [MEAS] indicator is turned on. If the instrument is working on a measurement, a measurement is stopped and the [MEAS] indicator is turned off.

Remote operation

Execute the

MEAS command whose parameter is

0 or

1. 1 is for a measurement start and

0 is for a measurement stop.

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3.3.3 To Change the Measurement Display

Front panel operation

Press the [ ▲] key or [▼] key until the desired measurement display appears. The sequence of the measurement display is as follows.

LPER : dB

ANGLE: Deg

PERref: dB

POWER : dBm

PERref: dB

POWER : mW

S1 :

S2 :

DOP: %

S3 : minLPER: dB minPERr: dB

By pressing

[

▼] key

By pressing

[

▲] key minANG: Deg maxANG: Deg

S A 2 0 0 0 o p e r a t i o n

3.3.4 To Restart the Min-max Operation

Front panel operation

Press the [MinMax] key. After the following message is displayed, the stored minimum and maximum readings are cleared and the min-max operation is restarted.

MINMAX

RESTARTED

After about 0.5 seconds, the instrument returns to the measurement display window.

The stored minimum and maximum readings are minimum LPER, minimum PERref, minimum and maximum of inclination angle of polarization ellipse. You can see them in the following measurement display window by pressing the [

▲] key or [▼] key. Refer to 3.3.3 To

change the measurement display.

minLPER: dB minPERr: dB

Minimum LPER

Minimum PERref minANG: Deg maxANG: Deg

Minimum inclination angle

Maximum inclination angle

Remote operation

Execute the

MINMAX command to restart the min-max operation.

To get the stored minimum and maximum readings, execute the

MINMAX?

query command.

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3.3.5 To Set the User Reference Angle

Front panel operation

Press the [SHIFT] key and the [REF ON] key. The instrument enters the reference angle setting menu and the current inclination angle of polarization ellipse is displayed as follows. Notice that the displayed inclination angle is relative to the factory-set reference angle.

REFERENCE SET

ANGLE: 10.

9 Deg

Press the [

▲] key or [▼] key to increase or decrease the blinking digit. If a displayed angle is a desired value, press the [ENTER] key to save the setting value and exit this menu. The reference mode is changed to the user reference mode automatically and the [Ref] indicator is on.

REFERENCE SET wait...

If you press any other key except the [ENTER] key in the menu, the instrument exits this menu without saving the setting value.

Remote operation

Execute the

SREF command whose parameter is the user reference angle in degree unit. If there is not any parameter after the command header, the current inclination angle of the polarization ellipse is set as the user reference angle. The reference mode is changed to the user reference mode automatically after executing this command.

Refer to 2.3.0 Reference linear polarization for the specific definition of the reference angle.

S A 2 0 0 0 o p e r a t i o n

3.3.6 To Change the Reference Mode

Front panel operation

Press the [REF ON] key to change the reference mode to another mode, user or factory reference mode. If the reference mode is the user reference mode, the [REF] indicator is turned on.

Remote operation

Execute the

REF command whose parameter is

0 or

1. 0 is for changing the reference mode to the user reference mode and

1 is for changing the reference mode to the factory reference mode.

3.3.7 To Set the Average Number

Front panel operation

Press the [SHIFT] key and the [MINMAX] key. Then the instrument enters the average number setting menu and the current average number is displayed as follows.

AVG NUMBER SET

ANUM: 1 6

Press the [

▲] key or [▼] key to increase or decrease the blinking digit. If a displayed number is a desired value, press the [ENTER] key to save the setting value and exit this menu.

AVG NUMBER SET wait...

If you press any other key except the [ENTER] key in the menu, the instrument exits this menu without saving the setting value.

Remote operation

Execute the

ANUM command whose parameter is the average number.

The possible parameter value is 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32.

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3.3.8 To Change the Wavelength Operation Mode

(fixed

λor non-fixed λmode)

Front panel operation

Press the [Fixed

λ] key to change the current wavelength operation mode to another mode, fixed

λor non-fixed λmode. If the wavelength operation mode is changed into fixed

λmode, the wave plate’s phase retardation is fixed at the value at the moment of pressing the [Fixed

λ] key and the

[Fixed

λ] indicator is turned on.

Remote operation

Execute the

FIXED command whose parameter is

0 or

1. 0 is for setting the wavelength operation mode to the non-fixed λand

1 is for setting it to the fixed λmode. If the wavelength operation mode is changed into fixed

λmode, the wave plate’s phase retardation is fixed at the value at the moment of executing the

FIXED 1 command and the [Fixed λ] indicator is turned on.

3.3.9 To Choose between 1.3 um and 1.55 um Range

Front panel operation

Press the [SHIFT] key and the [Fixed λ] key. Then the instrument enters the wavelength range setting menu and the current wavelength range is displayed as follows.

WAVELENGTH SET

WVL: 1 5 50

Press the [

▲] key or [▼] key to toggle between 1300 nm range and 1550 nm range. If a displayed range is a desired value, press the [ENTER] key to save the setting value and exit this menu.

WAVELENGTH SET wait...

S A 2 0 0 0 o p e r a t i o n

If you press any other key except the [ENTER] key in the menu, the instrument exits this menu without saving the setting value.

Remote operation

Execute the

WAVE command whose parameter is

1300 or

1550

.

1300 is for 1300 nm wavelength range and

1550 is for 1550 nm wavelength range.

NOTE

1. 1.3/1.55 um wavelength range selection affects two parameters for measurement results. One is optical power that is calibrated at both wavelengths. The other is normalized Stokes parameter S3, which has opposite sign with same magnitude at each wavelength range selection. Refer to 5.2 1.3/1.55 um Selection for more detailed explanation.

2. The wavelength operation mode (fixed

λand non-fixed λ) and 1.3/1.55 um wavelength range selection are independent of each other, that is, there aren’t any relationships between them.

3.3.10 To Set the GPIB Address

Front panel operation

Press the [SHIFT] key and the [START] key. Then the instrument enters the GPIB address setting menu and the current GPIB address is displayed as follows.

GPIB ADDRESS SET

ADDR: 1 5

Press the [ ▲] key or [▼] key to increase or decrease the blinking digit. If displayed address is the desired value, press the [ENTER] key to save the setting value and exit this menu.

GPIB ADDRESS SET wait...

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If you press any other key except the [ENTER] key in the menu, the instrument exits this menu without saving the setting value.

3.3.11 To Set the Analog Voltage Output

Remote operation

Execute the

AOUT command whose parameter is

0,1,2,3,4 or

5

. The description of each parameter is as follows. The parameter

0 turns off the analog voltage output.

Parameter

0

1

2

3

4

5

CH3

CH1

CH2

CH3

CH1

CH2

CH3

CH1

CH2

CH3

CH1

CH2

CH3

CH1

CH2

Measurement value

None

S1

S2

S3

LPER

ANGLE

PERref

Measurement value range

None

-1 ~ +1

-1 ~ +1

-1 ~ +1

0 dB ~ +60 dB

-90 Deg ~ 90 Deg

-60 dB ~ +60 dB

LPER

ANGLE

0 dB ~ +60 dB

-90 Deg ~ 90 Deg

POWER -50 dBm ~ +10 dBm

PERref

ANGLE

-60 dB ~ +60 dB

-90 Deg ~ 90 Deg

Output voltage range

All channels 0 V

-5 V ~ +5 V

-5 V ~ +5 V

-5 V ~ +5 V

0 V ~ +6 V

-9 V ~ +9 V

-6 V ~ +6 V

0 V ~ +6 V

-9 V ~ +9 V

-5 V ~ +1 V

-6 V ~ +6 V

-9 V ~ +9 V

POWER -50 dBm ~ +10 dBm

DOP

ANGLE

S3

0% ~ 100%

-90 Deg ~ 90 Deg

-1 ~ +1

-5 V ~ +1 V

0 V ~ +5 V

-9 V ~ +9 V

-5 V ~ +5 V

S A 2 0 0 0 o p e r a t i o n

3.3.12 To Return the Instrument to Local Control from Remote Control

Front panel operation

Press the [SHIFT] key. Then the instrument becomes under local control and the [RMT] indicator is turned off.

NOTE

The following values and states of the instrument are saved in a nonvolatile memory and are not deleted when power has been off or after *RST command is executed.

: the GPIB address, the average number, the 1.3 um/1.55 um range selection, the reference mode, the user reference angle, the current measurement function, the wavelength operation mode (fixed

λor non-fixed λ), the fixed wave plate’s phase retardation. (if the instrument was powered off in fixed

λmode.)

3.4 Remote Interface

3.4.1 Control via RS-232

RS-232 was originally designed as the interface between DTE (Data

Terminal Equipment) and DCE (Data Communications Equipment) by serial binary data interchange. Since most personal computers are now equipped with RS-232, you can easily interface the SOP Analyzer with a personal computer for remote control.

Configuration for RS-232 interface

Baud rate : 57,600

Data bits : 8 bit

Parity : None

Stop bits : 1 bit

Message terminator : Carriage Return (CR)

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Connection to a computer

The SOP Analyzer can be programmed with a personal computer over RS-

232 using a minimum three-wire interface. With a three-wire interface, the software controls the data flow between the SOP Analyzer and a personal computer. This provides a much simpler connection between devices because you can ignore hardware handshake requirements. RS-232 wiring from a personal computer’s serial port into the SOP Analyzer serial interface device is as follows.

PC

RxD (2)

TxD (3)

GND (5)

SOP analyzer

RxD (2)

TxD (3)

GND (5)

RS-232 Commands

The commands set for RS-232 interface is almost the same as for GPIB interface except the

RMT and

LOC command. When you use RS-232 interface, it is necessary to send the RMT command first to place the SOP

Analyzer under remote control.

3.4.2 Control via GPIB

Interface capabilities

The interface capabilities that the PS implements, as defined by IEEE

488.1, are SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, RL1, PP0, DC1, DT0, C0.

The PS implements all necessary common commands and the status reporting structure defined by IEEE 488.2. A summary of the common commands is as follows.

S A 2 0 0 0 o p e r a t i o n

Command

*ESE

*SRE

*CLS

*RST

*OPC

*WAI

Query

*ESE?

*ESR?

*SRE?

*STB?

*IDN?

*OPC?

*TST?

Function

standard Event Status Enable command/query standard Event Status Register query

Service Request Enable command/query

STatus Byte register query

CLear Status command

ReSeT command instrument’s IDeNtification query

OPeration Complete command/query

WAIt command self TeST query

Status reporting structure

The status reporting structure of the SOP Analyzer is shown below.

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Standard event status enable register & Standard event status register

The Standard Event Status Register (SESR) monitors the status events of the SOP Analyzer. When one of these events occurs, the event sets the corresponding bit in the register. You can read the contents of this register by executing the

*ESR?

query. The returned value is the total bit weights of all of the bits. SESR is cleared 1) at power-on, 2) by

*CLS command or 3) after being read.

The Standard Event Status Enable Register (SESER) allows one or more events in the SESR to generate a summary bit. The summary bit will set the

ESB bit (the bit 5) in the Status Byte Register (SBR). To generate a summary bit, you should enable the corresponding bit in the SESER by executing the

*ESE command. SESER is cleared at power-on.

The status event of the SOP Analyzer, that each bit of the SESR and

SESER represents, is as follows.

Standard Event

Status Enable Register

Standard Event

Status Register

Bit Weight

5

4

7

6

3

Enables Condition

128 PON (Power ON)

64

32

URQ (User Request)

CME (Command Error)

16

8

Power off-on transition has occurred

Not-Used (always 0)

Command errors are detected

EXE (Execution Error)

DDE

(DeviceDependent Error)

Execution errors are detected

Device dependent errors are detected

2

1

0

4

2

1

QYE (Query Error)

TRG (Request Control)

OPC

(Operation Complete)

Query errors are detected

Not-Used (always 0)

The PS has completed all selected pending operations

Status byte register & Service request enable register

The Status Byte Register (SBR) is the summary-level register in the status reporting structure of the SOP Analyzer. The SBR contains summary bits

S A 2 0 0 0 o p e r a t i o n

that monitor activity in the SESER and output message queue. You can read the contents of the SBR by executing the

*STB?

query or serial poll. SBR is cleared 1) at power-on or 2) by

*CLS command.

The Service Request Enable Register (SRER) enables one or more summary bits in the SBR to generate a service request to the controller. To generate a service request, you should enable the corresponding bit in the

SRER by executing the

*SRE command. The SRER is cleared at power-on.

When the enabled summary bit in the SBR is set, the MSS bit and the RQS bit in the SRER is set and service request is generated to the controller.

Descriptions of each bit in the SRER and the SBR are as follows.

4

3

2

1

0

Bit Weight

7 128

6 64

Service Request

Enable Register

Enables

User Definable (Not-Used)

RQS (Request Service)

MSS (Master Summary Status)

Status Byte Register

Condition

Not-Used (always 0)

The PS is requesting services

5 32

16

8

4

2

1

ESB (Event Status)

MAV (Massage Available)

User Definable

User Definable

User Definable

User Definable

An enabled event in the Standard

Event Status Register is set TRUE.

Output queue is not empty.

Not-Used (always 0)

Not-Used (always 0)

Not-Used (always 0)

Not-Used (always 0)

Service request and Serial poll

When the RQS bit in the SRER is set, the SOP Analyzer asserts the SRQ line. Then the controller polls each addressed listener to send back a status byte of the SBR that indicates whether it has asserted the SRQ line and needs servicing (Serial Poll). After the controller reads the Status Byte through serial poll, the RQS bit is cleared automatically. To use this capability appropriately, you should configure your controller to respond to the service request.

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34

4. Command Set

4.1 Operation - Related Commands

4.1.1 Measurement - Related Commands

MEAS

- Description ; Start or stop the measurement.

- Syntax ; MEAS {0|1}

- Parameter ; 0 for the measurement stop

1 for the measurement start

- Example ;

MEAS 1

MEAS?

- Description ; Query the current measurement state.

The returned message is 0 or 1 in NR1 format.

- Syntax ; MEAS?

- Response ; 0 or 1

- Example ;

MEAS?

� 1

STOKES?

- Description ; Query the Stokes vector and DOP.

The response message is in NR3 format.

- Syntax ; STOKES?

- Response ; <POWER in mW>, <S1>, <S2>, <S3>, <DOP in %>

- Example ;

STOKES?

� 1.23e-6,1.21e-1,6.00e-2,3.34e-1,9.53e+1

EXRATIO?

- Description ; Query the extinction ratio and major axis angle.

The response message is in NR3 format.

- Syntax ; EXRATIO?

- Response ; <LPER in dB>, <ANGLE in Deg>, <PERref in dB>

- Example ; EXRATIO?

� 3.35e+1,4.56e+1,4.34e+1

C o m m a n d S e t

MINMAX

- Description ; Clear the stored minimum and maximum readings and restart the min-max operation.

- Syntax ; MINMAX

- Parameter ; None

- Example ;

MINMAX

MINMAX?

- Description ; Query the current minimum and maximum readings.

The response message is in NR3 format.

- Syntax ; MINMAX?

- Response ; <minLPER in dB>, <minPERref in dB>, <minANGLE in Deg>,

<maxANGLE in Deg>

- Example ;

MINMAX?

� 1.35e+1,1.56e+1,8.34e+1,-4.56e+1

4.1.2 Measurement Configuration - Related Commands

SREF

- Description ; Set the user reference angle.

The reference mode is changed to the user reference mode automatically after executing this command.

- Syntax ; SREF [angle]

- Parameter ; [angle] the user reference angle in degrees.

If there is not any parameter after command header, the current major axis angle is set as the user reference angle.

- Example ;

SREF 34.5

or

SREF

SREF?

- Description ; Query the current user reference angle.

The returned message is in NR2 format.

- Syntax ; SREF?

- Response ; <angle in Deg>

- Example ;

SREF?

� +43.45

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REF

- Description ; Change the reference mode.

- Syntax ; REF {0|1}

- Parameter ; 0 for the factory reference mode

1 for the user reference mode

- Example ;

REF 1

REF?

- Description ; Query the current the reference mode.

The returned message is 0 or 1 in NR2 format.

- Syntax ; REF?

- Response ; 0 or 1

- Example ;

REF?

� 1

FIXED

- Description ; Set the wavelength operation mode.

- Syntax

(fixed λmode or non-fixed λmode)

; FIXED {0|1}

- Parameter ; 0 for the non-fixed λmode

1 for the fixed λmode

- Example ;

FIXED 1

FIXED?

- Description ; Query the current wavelength operation mode.

The returned message is 0 or 1 in NR2 format.

- Syntax ; FIXED?

- Response ; 0 or 1

- Example ;

FIXED?

� 1

WAVE

- Description ; Choose between the 1.3 um or 1.55 um range.

- Syntax ; WAVE {1300|1500}

- Parameter ; 1300 for 1300 nm wavelength range

1550 for 1550 nm wavelength range

- Example ;

WAVE 1550

C o m m a n d S e t

WAVE?

- Description ; Query the current wavelength range.

The returned message is 1300 or 1550 in NR2 format.

- Syntax ; WAVE?

- Response ; 1300 or 1550

- Example ;

WAVE?

� 1550

ANUM

- Description ; Set the average number.

- Syntax ; ANUM {1|2|4|8|16|32}

- Parameter ; average number 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32

- Example ;

ANUM 2

ANUM?

- Description ; Query the current average number.

The returned message is a decimal value in NR1 format.

- Syntax ; ANUM?

- Response ; 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32

- Example ;

ANUM?

� 2

4.1.3 Analog Output - Related Commands

AOUT

- Description ; Set the analog voltage output mode.

- Syntax ; AOUT {0|1|2|3|4}

- Parameter ; analog voltage output mode number

mode

Channel 1

Channel 2

Channel 3

0

all off

1

S1

S2

S3

2

LPER

3 4 5

LPER PERref DOP

ANGLE ANGLE ANGLE ANGLE

PERref Power Power S3

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The relationship between measurement value and output voltage

Measurement value Output voltage

S1,S2,S3

LPER

PERref

Angle

Power

DOP

-1 ~ +1

0 ~ +60 dB

-60 dB ~ +60 dB

-90 Deg ~ +90 Deg

-50 dBm ~ +10 dBm

0% ~ 100%

-5.00 V ~ +5.00 V

0.00 V ~ +6.00 V

-6.00 V ~ +6.00 V

-9.00 V ~ +9.00 V

-5.00 V ~ +1.00 V

0 V ~ +5 V

- Example ;

AOUT 1

AOUT?

- Description ; Query the current analog voltage output mode.

The returned message is a decimal value in NR1 format.

- Syntax ; AOUT?

- Response ; 1, 2, 3 or 4

- Example ;

AOUT?

� 1

4.1.4 System - Related Commands

ERROR?

- Description ; Query the oldest error in the error queue.

- Syntax ; ERROR?

- Response ; <Error number>, <Error description>

- Example ;

ERROR?

� -103,“Undefined header”

C o m m a n d S e t

4.2 IEEE 488.2 Command Commands

*CLS

- Description ; Clear the 1) Standard Event Status Register (SESR),

2) Status Byte Register (STB), and 3) Error Queue.

- Syntax ; *CLS

- Parameter ; None

- Example ;

*CLS

*ESE

- Description ; Set bits in the Standard Event Status Enable Register (SESER) that enable the corresponding bits in the Standard Event Status

Register (SESR). The register is cleared 1) at power-on or 2) by sending a value of zero. The register is NOT changed by the *RST

- Syntax and *CLS commands.

; *ESE <value>

- Parameter ; The value of the integer in the range of 0 through 255.

Bit

7 (MSB)

6

3

2

1

0

5

4

- Example ;

*ESE 17

Definition

Power On

Not used

Command Error

Execution Error

Device Dependent Error

Query Error

Not used

Operation Complete

Value

128

0

8

4

0

1

32

16

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*ESE?

- Description ; Query the contents of the Standard Event Status Enable Register.

The returned message is the total bit weights of all of the bits in

- Syntax

NR1 format.

; *ESE?

- Response ; Decimal value in the range of 0 through 255.

- Example ;

*ESE?

� 17

*ESR?

- Description ; Query the contents of the Standard Event Status Register (SESR).

The register is cleared after being read. The returned message is

- Syntax the total bit weights of all of the bits in NR1 format.

; *ESR?

- Response ; Decimal value in the range of 0 through 255.

Bit

7 (MSB)

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

- Example ;

*ESR?

� 16

Definition

Power On

Not used

Command Error

Execution Error

Device Dependent Error

Query Error

Not used

Operation Complete

Value

128

0

32

16

8

4

0

1

*IDN?

- Description ; Query the instrument identification.

- Syntax ; *IDN?

- Response ; <Manufacturer>, <Model>, 0, <Firmware version>

- Example ;

*IDN?

� FIBERPRO,PM5001,0,V1.00

C o m m a n d S e t

*OPC

- Description ; Set the OPC bit in the Standard Event Status Register when all

- Syntax pending device operations have been completed.

; *OPC

- Parameter ; none

- Example ; *OPC

*OPC?

- Description ; Place ASCII “1” in output queue when all pending device operations

- Syntax have been completed.

; *OPC?

- Response ; 1 is always returned.

- Example ;

*OPC?

� 1

*RST

- Description ; Set the instrument to the reset setting stored internally.

- Syntax ; *RST

- Parameter ; None

- Example ;

*RST

*SRE

- Description ; Set the Service Request Enable Register bits.

- Syntax ; *SRE <value>

- Parameter ; Decimal value in the range of 0 through 255.

Bit

7 (MSB)

6

5

2

1

4

3

0

- Example ;

*SRE 48

Definition

Not used

RQS (request service)

ESB (SESR summary bit)

MAV (message in the output queue)

Not used

Not used

Not used

Not used

16

0

0

0

Value

0

64

32

0

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*SRE?

- Description ; Query the contents of the Service Request Enable Register. The bit

6 of the binary representation is always sent with the value zero.

The returned message is the total bit weights of all of the bits in

NR1 format.

- Syntax ; *SRE?

- Response ; The bit value for the register. In the range of 0 through 63 or 128 through 191.

- Example ;

*SRE?

� 48

*STB?

- Description ; Query the contents of the Status Byte Register. The returned message is the total bit weights of all of the bits in NR1 format.

- Syntax

- Response ;

; *STB?

2

1

0

4

3

Bit

7 (MSB)

6

5

Definition

Not used

RQS (request service)

ESB (SESR summary bit)

MAV (message in the output queue)

Not used

Not used

Not used

Not used

- Example ;

*STB?

� 80

16

0

0

0

0

Value

0

64

32

C o m m a n d S e t

*TST?

- Description ; Perform a self-test and place the results of the test in the output queue.

- Syntax ; *TST?

- Response ; 0 for self-test pass

1 for self-test failure

- Example ;

*TST?

� 0

*WAI

- Description ; Prevent the instrument from executing any further commands until the current command has finished executing. All pending operations

- Syntax are completed during the wait period.

; *WAI

- Parameter ; None

- Example ;

*WAI

4.3 RS-232 Interface Commands

RMT

- Description ; Place the instrument in the remote operation for RS-232.

- Syntax ; RMT

- Parameter ; None

- Example ;

RMT

LOC

- Description ; Place the instrument in the local operation.

- Syntax ; LOC

- Parameter ; None

- Example ;

LOC

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4.4 Error Codes

Error Number

-101

-102

-103

-104

-108

-109

-112

-113

-222

-224

-350

-410

-420

-430

-440

Description

Command errors

Invalid character

Syntax error

Invalid separator

Data type error

Parameter not allowed

Missing parameter

Program mnemonic too long

Undefined header

Execution errors

Data out of range

Illegal parameter value

Too many errors

Query errors

Query Interrupted

Query unterminated

Query deadlock state

Query unterminated after indefinite response

Device dependent errors

Input power is too low

Input power is too high

Input buffer overflow (RS-232 only)

Output buffer overflow (RS-232 only)

+201

+202

+521

+522

■

ERROR?

command queries the oldest error from the error queue.

■ When the query result for

ERROR?

equals

0, “no error”

, it means no error has occurred.

■ Command errors set the CME bit (the bit 5) of Standard Event Status Register

(SESR).

■ Execution errors set the EXE bit (the bit 4) of SESR.

■ Device dependent errors set the DDE bit (the bit 3) of SESR.

■ Query errors set the QYE bit (the bit 2) of SESR.

Comments for accurate measurement

5. Comments for

Accurate Measurement

5.1 Optical Source

When using tunable laser as an optical source, it is highly recommended to use coherent control mode of tunable laser to reduce interference effect in measurement. In general, broadband laser source, such as, multimode Fabry-

Perot laser, gives more stable measurement results.

5.2 1.3/1.55 um Selection

With the 1.3/1.55 um key (shift + fixed λ) of the front panel, users can choose one of two operating wavelength ranges represented by 1300 nm and 1550 nm. 1300 nm range corresponds to the wavelength range less than 1420 nm and 1550 nm corresponds to the wavelength range larger than 1430 nm. 1.3/1.55 um selection has an effect on two measurement parameters. One is optical power measurement, because SA2000’s power measurement function is calibrated at two wavelengths- 1300 nm and 1550 nm. The other is that the sign of Stokes parameter S3 will change according to the 1.3/1.55 um selection. All the other measurement parameters of SA2000 are independent of 1.3/1.55 um selection.

5.3 Fixed

λ

Operation Mode

In normal operation mode (non-fixed

λmode), SA2000 automatically calculates phase retardation of wave plate 2

α in optical head of SA2000 from the ratio of F

6 to F

2 in Eq. 2.2, which is equal to tan 2

α

2 and F

6 are proportional to the magnitude of S1 and S2, this calculation becomes uncertain as

S1 and S2 approach zero simultaneously, that is, circular polarized state and gives the most accurate value when the light is linearly polarized.

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Phase retardation 2

α is the only function of the operating wavelength. In fixed

λ mode, SA2000 assumes that the wavelength of optical light does not change and so does the phase retardation 2

α α calculated at the moment when fixed

λmode is initiated and applies this value throughout the whole measurement during fixed

λmode operation without new calculations of 2

α

If the user does not need to change the wavelength of optical source for a long time, FIBERPRO recommends using fixed

λmode. The merit of fixed λmode is the stability of DOP and S3 near the North and South Pole of Poincare Sphere, that is, circular polarization states. It is important to initiate fixed

λmode when the state of polarization is near linear polarization state to get the most accurate 2

α value.

To use fixed

λmode appropriately, using the following procedure.

1. Put SA2000 in normal operation mode (non-fixed

λ mode).

2. Monitor S3 value of SA2000.

3. Apply linearly polarized light, that is when S3 is nearly zero.

4. Keeping stable polarization state, press fixed λkey to enter activate λoperation mode.

5.4 Changing Adaptor

FIBERPRO supplies SA2000 with two kinds of adaptors R (reduced) type and N

(wide) type. The keyway width of R type is 2.03 ~ 2.08 mm and that of N type is

2.15 ~ 2.20 mm. Each adaptor is marked with R or N characters on the front.

Choosing the appropriate adaptor according to your connector is important to measure accurate inclination angle of the polarization ellipse. After changing the adaptor, new reference angle setting with master PM patch cord is highly recommended. Refer to 3.3.5 To set the user reference angle to see how to set new reference angles. When changing the adaptor, use the screws supplied by

FIBERPRO. Any screw longer than the supplied ones may disturb the operation of

the rotating optical parts.

SOP

Analyzer

Windows App. User’s Manual

FIBERPRO / 2002.4.15

Contents

[ ]

W I N D O W S A P P L I C A T I O N U S E R ’ S M A N U A L

51

52

54

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

69

1. Feature and Requirement

1.1 Feature

1.2 System Requirement

2. Installation

3. Getting Started

4. GPIB/RS232

5. Main Page

5.1 Poincare Sphere

5.1.1 General Feature

5.1.2 Trace of SOP

5.1.3 Maximum SOP Data Points on Poincare Sphere

5.1.4Holding the SOP Trace

5.1.5 View Angle Controller

5.1.6 Zoom Controller

5.1.7 Clearing the SOP Trace

5.2 Polarization Ellipse

5.3 Data-Box

5.4 File Management

5.5 Print

6. Graphs

6.1 Selection Graph Parameters

6.2 Changing Y-axis Range

7. Extinction Ratio Measurement

7.1 Extinction Ratio

7.2 Measurement Procedure

8. Remote Controller

Replacing Fuse

FIBERPRO Limited Warranty

49

Features and Requirements

1. Features and Requirements

1.1 Features

Communication

�RS232

�GPIB

File Management

�File Saving for 10,000 Points

�File Loading

Display Poincare Sphere

ER Measurement in Poincare Sphere

Display Polarization Ellipse

Display Graphs for Each Parameter

Display All Parameters Simultaneously

1.2 System Requirements

Computer/Processor

�Computer with a Pentium/200-megahertz (MHz) processor or higher

Operating System

�Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows NT 4.0, or Windows 2000

Memory

�64 MB of RAM

Drive

�CDROM drive (for installation)

Display

�Super VGA (800

×

600) or higher-resolution monitor with 256 colors

Peripherals

�Serial Port for RS232 or GPIB

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2. Installation

1. Insert the Installation CDROM in your CDROM Drive.

2. Search the file “Setup.exe” by using the explorer.

3. Double-click the icon “Setup.exe” for executing the file, you can see the fig. 1.

4. Press the “Next” button in Fig. 1, after reading the information.

52

[Fig. 1] Welcome Message

5. In Fig. 2, you should fill in three blanks, which are your name, your company name and the serial number. If your serial number is correct, the “Next” button will be enabled, if not, you will not be able to install this application.

If you have no serial number or the wrong number, please email to [email protected]

.

After filling these blanks, press the “Next” button.

The serial number is on the cover of the installation CDROM.

I n s t a l l a t i o n

[Fig. 2] User Information

6. In Fig. 3, you can change the destination location. The “Browse” button will help you search the location. After changing the location, press the “Next” button.

[Fig. 3] Choose Destination Location

7. This setup program will close after copying the files.

If you have no serial number or the wrong number, please email to [email protected]

.

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3. Getting Started

The SOP Analyzer Windows Application Installation process puts the “SOP

Analyzer Application Program” in the “/program files/fiberpro/” folder or user defined folder and adds “Fiberpro” to the Programs menu. (available from the

Start button)

To start the SOP Analyzer Application Program,

1. Connect your instrument SA2000 to your computer through RS232 or GPIB.

2. Power on SA2000.

3. Execute Start Menu/Program/Fiberpro/SOP Analyzer.

54

4. GPIB/RS232

You can change the communication protocol by the menu “SETUP/‘RS232/GPIB’” as Fig. 4.

# If you select the RS232 protocol, by the menu

“Setup/RS232”, you need to confirm the setting of the RS232, especially the port number, whether it is COM1 or COM2. The other settings are fixed and you don’t need to change them. The setting parameters are like these, baud rate is 57,600, none parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit.

[Fig. 4] Select Communication Protocol

[Fig. 5] Serial Port Setup

Getting Started / Main Page

# If you select the GPIB protocol, you need to confirm the GPIB Address by the menu

“SETUP/GPIB”

[Fig. 6] GPIB Address

5. Main Page

The main page consists of the Poincare Sphere, polarization ellipse, data box, check boxes, several buttons and the menu bar as shown in Fig. 7. It will be explained in more details under each section.

[Fig. 7] Main Page

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5.1 Poincare Sphere

The State Of Polarization (SOP) of optical signal is represented as a point on a

Poincare Sphere. The SOP trace history can be represented as discrete dots or discrete dots and connecting lines. Poincare Sphere window has two kinds of special buttons, a zoom control button and a view angle control button.

5.1.1 General Feature

The Poincare Sphere is represented by three points S1, S2 and S3 and three great circles, an equator connecting S1 and S2 points on Poincare

Sphere and two circles of longitude connecting S1 and S3 and connecting

S2 and S3. The coordinates of S1, S2 and S3 on Poincare Sphere are

(1,0,0), (0,1,0) and (0,0,1). The equator connecting S1 and S2 corresponds to liner polarization states. Northern and southern hemispheres of Poincare

Sphere represent right-hand and left-hand elliptical polarization states.

Especially +S3 represents right-hand circular polarization state and -S3 represents left-hand circular polarization state.

The parts of the three great circles located in the front hemisphere of

Poincare Sphere are dark red lines and the rear hemisphere are dotted blue lines.

[Fig. 8] Poincare Sphere

M a i n P a g e

5.1.2 Trace of SOP

The SOP trace on Poincare Sphere is represented as discrete dots — dark red dots for front hemisphere and blue dots for rear hemisphere. Current

SOP is represented by bigger dot than others. You can connect trace points by checking ‘Trace on Sphere’ check box. The connecting line is part of the great circle connecting the neighboring two points.

[Fig. 9] Trace on Poincare Sphere

5.1.3 Maximum SOP Data Points on Poincare Sphere

You can change maximum displayed SOP data points on Poincare Sphere using the menu ‘Setup/Poincare Sphere’ up to 5,000 points. In connected trace mode, the maximum displayed data points will be reduced to 1,000. If the number of data displayed exceeds maximum data points, the oldest point will disappear.

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5.1.4 Holding the SOP Trace

You can hold the measurement result by checking ‘Hold’ on the checkbox.

5.1.5 View Angle Controller

There are five buttons, up, down, left, right arrows and home for viewing the angle controller as shown in Fig. 10. Up/down arrow buttons will be used to move view angles to vertical direction and left/right arrow buttons will be used to move

[Fig. 10]

View Angle

Controller view angles to horizontal directions. The ‘H’ button means

‘Home’. Pressing ‘H’, the view angle changes to the initial view angle.

There is another way to change the view angle using the mouse. Put the mouse on Poincare Sphere and drag the mouse pressing left mouse button to the desired direction.

5.1.6 Zoom Controller

There are three buttons for zoom controls as shown in

Fig. 11, left, right arrows and zoom current status

[Fig. 11]

Zoom Controller button. Left arrow button zooms out and right arrow button zooms in on the Poincare Sphere and current zoom status is displayed on the center button. Pressing the center button, the zoom status will return to zoom 1 state.

5.1.7 Clearing the SOP Trace

You can erase displayed SOP trace using menu ‘File/New’ or New File icon on menu bar. ‘MinMax’ button of remote controller window also erases the displayed SOP trace. The ‘File/New’ erase does not reset minLPER, minPERref, minANGLE and maxANGLE values, while ‘MinMax’ button does.

M a i n P a g e

5.2 Polarization Ellipse

The polarization ellipse corresponding to the last SOP is displayed. For right-hand polarization state, polarization ellipse is a red line, and for left-hand polarization state, polarization ellipse is a blue line. The reference linear polarization whose coordinate on Poincare Sphere is (1,0,0) is represented as a vertical line in the polarization ellipse.

[Fig. 12] Polarization Ellipse

5.3 Data-Box

Measured results corresponding to current SOP are numerically displayed in the data-box. You can highlight any special fields of the measured data that you need to pay attention to with a blue color. For a detailed explanation of each data field, refer to 2.3 What you

can measure with SA2000 of the user’s manual.

[Figure 13] Data-Box

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5.4 File Management

SA2000 Application Program has function to save and load measured data. In the saving function, you can save a maximum of 10,000 data samplings with definite time interval.

To save and load the data, execute the following procedure.

1. Open ‘the SOP Analyzer DATA File’ dialog box as shown in Fig. 14, selecting the menu ‘File/Save’.

2. Select the file saving location, enter file name in ‘file name’ field, and press the

‘save’ button.

Then ‘the SOP Data File Save’ dialog box as shown in Fig. 15 will be appear.

3. Enter the number of samples and period (or rate).

Maximum number of samples is limited to 10,000 and minimum period (or maximum rate) value is limited according to the setting value of the average number. For example, if the average number is 2, minimum period is 0.833 sec or maximum rate is 12 Hz.

4. To start the save, press ‘SAVE’ button. You can see the progress of the saving process.

With ‘OK’ button, you can stop the saving process with the saving data gathered until that time. ‘Cancel’ button stops the saving process without saving the data.

If the number of gathered data reaches the sampling size, this dialog box disappears automatically and saves the file.

[Fig. 14] File Save Dialog

M a i n P a g e

[Fig. 15] File Save Dialog

One datum consist of 5 parameters which is “POWER”, “S1”, “S2”, “S3”, “DOP”.

The extended file name of the SOP Analyzer is “SOP”.

The “ �.SOP” file is ASCII Format. You can see and edit by any windows editor like “Notepad”, “WordPad”.

Choosing the menu “Open”, from the menu “File”, you can load the saved file.

5.5 Print

Choosing the menu “Print”, from the menu “File”, you can print the main view what you see. And you can change the setting of your printer by choosing the menu

“Print Setup” from the menu “File”.

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6. Graphs

Choosing ‘View/Graphs’ menu from the menu bar, you can monitor the trend of each measured parameter by a graph.

6.1 Selecting Graph Parameters

Maximum of 12 parameters graphs can be displayed simultaneously. If you want to change the displayed parameters, check corresponding parameter check boxes in the left of the window, and press ‘Apply’.

These graphs show maximum 1,000 data points of each parameter. You can minimize the X-axis range with ‘Size’ popup menu and you can move X-axis using scroll bar which is located at the bottom of the graph window.

[Fig. 16] SOP Graphs

G r a p h s

6.2 Changing Y-axis Range

[Fig. 17] MinMax Dialog for Graph

Default Y-axis range mode is auto range mode. You can change the Y-axis range of specific graphs by double clicking left mouse button on the desired graph. With a click of the mouse, you can see the dialog box as shown in Fig. 17. Write wanted range values into ‘Y-Axis Min’ and ‘Y-Axis Max’ field and click ‘OK’ button. Then, the Y-Axis range will be fixed to those values. If you want to return to auto range mode, just check ‘Auto Range’ check box and click ‘OK’ button.

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7. Extinction Ratio Measurement

7.1 Extinction Ratio

When the polarization state of launched light into Polarization Maintaining Fiber

(PMF) is misaligned to the birefringence axis of PMF, and if the PMF is perturbed, that is, stretched or heated, the SOP trace of output light from PMF forms circle on

Poincare Sphere. The degree of misalignment can be obtained from the diameter of the SOP trace circle and represented as the extinction ratio (ER) in dB scale.

7.2 Measurement Procedure

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[Fig. 18] ER Measurement

To measure ER, execute the following procedure.

1. Open ‘ER Measurement’ dialog box from the menu ‘View/ER Measure’.

2. Apply perturbation, such as, stretching, heating or cooling, to PMF, and monitor the formation of circular trace on the Poincare Sphere while the other optical sections are kept stationary.

R e m o t e C o n t r o l l e r

3. Choose three points on the circular SOP trace by clicking the right mouse button. Cross marker will appear on the nearest measured data point to mouse clicked point.

4. From the three points chosen step 3, a circle is calculated and displayed on

Poincare Sphere with its star marked center. ER corresponding to this circle size will be displayed in ‘ER Measurement’ dialog box.

5. You may draw a reference circle with dotted lines whose size corresponds to the ER value written in the blank fields of ‘Circle’ and whose center is the same as the circle drawn in step 4 by checking ‘Circle’ check box. This reference circle may be helpful in failure decisions of extinction ratio of arbitrary device.

6. You can repeat this procedure from step 3 by clicking ‘New Circle’ button in ‘ER

Measurement’ dialog box.

8. Remote Controller

SOP Analyzer Remote Controller window is similar to the controller panel of the real SOP Analyzer, SA2000. It consists of a measurement display window, 4 indicators and 8 buttons. You can eliminate display windows by double clicking the rightmouse button and vice versa. Each button operation is the same as that of real panel buttons except for shift start button for GPIB address setting in real panel. For detailed functions of each button, please refer to 3.1 Front panel at a

glance and 3.3 How to use SOP Analyzer of the user’s manual.

[Fig. 19] Remote Controller

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Replacing Fuse

Replacing Fuse

When your fuse is blown out, follow the replacing procedure below. But you must use the right fuse for line voltage. Select proper fuse - 0.5A 250V 100Vac. If you don’t use the right fuse for the line voltage selected, it will be blown. Contact

FIBERPRO to order the right fuse.

Procedure

1. Finding fuse holder.

The fuse holder box is on the rear panel of SA2000.

Stop your work and put SA2000 on the flat table. And then, pull out the cables. Fuse holder box is left side of the rear panel.

2. Open fuse holder box.

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Lever with a small minus screwdriver cautiously.

R e p l a c i n g F u s e

3. Pull out fuse holder.

Pull out fuse holder cautiously with a small minus screwdriver.

4. Replacing fuse.

Pull out the old fuse with care and replace to a new one.

5. Put into the fuse holder box.

Put the fuse holder into fuse holder box.

Check the direction of the white arrow key ( �) on the front of the fuse holder.

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Replacing Fuse

6. Adjust the power voltage.

Adjust the power voltage 100, 120, 220, or 240.

7. Close the fuse holder box.

Close the fuse holder box.

NOTE

Use the proper fuse for the line voltage selected. Use only fuses with the required current rating and of the specified type as replacements. DO NOT use a mended fuse or short-circuit the fuse-holder in order to by-pass a blown fuse. Find out what caused the fuse to blow!

L i m i t e d W a r r a n t y

FIBERPRO

Limited Warranty

FIBERPRO warrants its products to be in conformance to mutually agreed upon written specifications and to be free from defects in material and workmanship. The warranty period of SOP Analyzer is 1 year. The above warranty period shall begin on the date of shipment by FIBERPRO to Purchaser or, if Purchaser is an authorized reseller of such FIBERPRO products, from the date of shipment by the reseller to the reseller’s original customer. FIBERPRO shall, at its option and cost, either repair or replace the products with new or reconditioned products and parts provided the products are returned by Purchaser along with dated and serialized proof of purchase to FIBERPRO or to an FIBERPRO authorized service facility, transportation and insurance prepaid, within the above warranty period and which are found by FIBERPRO to be defective within the terms of this warranty. Products repaired or replaced by FIBERPRO under this warranty will be returned by FIBERPRO to Purchaser, transportation and insurance prepaid. Replaced products and parts shall become the property of FIBERPRO. If any products returned by Purchaser to FIBERPRO for repair or replacement are found by FIBERPRO, after examination and testing, not to be defective, FIBERPRO shall so advise

Purchaser and shall dispose of any such products in accordance with Purchaser’s instructions and at Purchaser’s cost, and

Purchaser shall reimburse FIBERPRO for examination and testing expenses incurred at FIBERPRO's then current rates.

CONTINUED USE OR POSSESSION OF THE PRODUCTS AFTER EXPIRATION OF THE ABOVE WARRANTY PERIOD SHALL

BE CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE THAT THE WARRANTY IS FULFILLED TO THE FULL SATISFACTION OF PURCHASER.

The warranty set forth above shall not apply to failure or deficiency which has been caused by misuse, abnormal or unusually heavy use, neglect, alteration, improper installation, unauthorized repair or modification, improper testing, accident or causes external to the product such as but not limited to excessive heat or humidity, or improper installation. Such warranty shall also not apply to expendable components such as but not limited to fuse, power cord, and screws. FIBERPRO makes NO WARRANTY as to any products, which are supplied by it “AS IS” or as to any experimental or developmental products, or as to products not manufactured by FIBERPRO. FIBERPRO’s warranty as set forth above shall not be enlarged, diminished or affected by, and no liability shall arise out of, FIBERPRO’s rendering of technical advice in connection with Purchaser’s order. The warranty set forth above is not assignable by Purchaser.

Purchaser’s sole remedy under the above warranty shall be repair or replacement as provided above. FIBERPRO’s sole and exclusive maximum liability for any claim by Purchaser or anyone claiming through or on behalf of Purchaser arising out of

Purchaser’s order or the above warranty shall not in any event exceed the actual amount paid by Purchaser to FIBERPRO for the product. In no event shall FIBERPRO be liable for any indirect, incidental, collateral, exemplary, consequential or special damages or losses arising out of Purchaser’s order of products delivered under it or out of the above warranty, including without limitation loss of use, profits, or goodwill. Some countries do not allow the exclusion of limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to Purchaser.

EXCEPT AS STATED ABOVE IN THIS PARAGRAPH, THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER

CONDITIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, AN IMPLIED

CONDITION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILILTY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND OF ANY OTHER

WARRANTY OBLIGATION ON THE PART OF FIBERPRO.

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