Red Lion Controls TCU Temperature Controller Instruction Manual
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تبلیغات
TCUCOVR-L.QXD 3/23/05 4:10 PM Page 1
THE TEMPERATURE
CONTROLLER
MODEL TCU INSTRUCTION MANUAL
TCUCOVR-L.QXD 3/23/05 4:10 PM Page 2
INTRODUCTION
The Temperature Control Unit (TCU) is a multi-purpose series of industrial control products that are field-programmable for solving various applications. This series of products is built around the concept that the end user has the capability to program different personalities and functions into the unit in order to adapt to different indication and control requirements.
The TCU unit, which you have purchased, has the same high quality workmanship and advanced technological capabilities that have made Red
Lion Controls the leader in today’s industrial market.
Red Lion Controls has a complete line of industrial indication and control equipment, and we look forward to servicing you now and in the future.
C
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UL
US LISTED
IND. CONT. EQ.
51EB
CAUTION: Read complete instructions prior to installation and operation of the unit.
CAUTION: Risk of electric shock.
Table of Contents
GENERAL DESCRIPTION · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1
INSTALLATION & CONNECTIONS · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 3
FRONT PANEL DESCRIPTION · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 12
OPERATION OVERVIEW · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 13
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UNPROTECTED PARAMETER MODE · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 17
PROTECTED PARAMETER MODE · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 19
Front Panel Program Disable · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 20
HIDDEN FUNCTION MODE · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 21
CONFIGURATION PARAMETER MODULES · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 22
Linear DC Analog Output (ANAS, ANLO, ANHI, ANdb, ANUt) (Optional) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 27
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Valve Motor Open Time And Valve Motor Close Time (VOPt, VCLt) (Velocity mode) · · · · · · · 39
RS485 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 48
Terminal Emulation Program For IBM
PC · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 53
HEATER CURRENT MONITOR OPTION · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 57
VALVE POSITION OPTION · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 58
SECOND ANALOG INPUT OPTION · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 60
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PID CONTROL · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 63
ON/OFF CONTROL · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 66
AUTO-TUNE · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 68
APPENDIX “A” - Application Examples · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 71
APPENDIX “B” - SPECIFICATIONS AND DIMENSIONS · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 73
APPENDIX “C” - TROUBLESHOOTING · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 78
APPENDIX “D” - MANUAL TUNING · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 81
APPENDIX “E” - CALIBRATION · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 83
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APPENDIX “F”- USER PARAMETER VALUE CHART · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 87
APPENDIX “G” ORDERING INFORMATION · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 90
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The TCU Controller accepts signals from a variety of temperature sensors
(thermocouple or RTD elements), precisely displays the process temperature, and provides an accurate output control signal (time proportional, linear, or valve positioning) to maintain a process at the desired control point. A comprehensive set of easy to use steps allows the controller to solve various application requirements.
The controller can operate in the PID control mode for both heating and cooling. On-demand auto-tune establishes the tuning constants. The PID tuning constants may be fine-tuned by the operator at any time and locked out from further modification. The controller employs a unique overshoot suppression feature that allows the quickest response without excessive overshoot. The unit can be transferred to operate in the manual mode, providing the operator with direct control of the output. The controller can also be programmed to operate in the ON/OFF control mode with adjustable hysteresis.
Dual 4-digit displays allow viewing of the process temperature and setpoint simultaneously. Front panel indicators inform the operator of the controller and output status. Replaceable and interchangeable output modules (Relay, SSR Drive, or Triac) can be installed for the main control output, alarm output(s), cooling output, and Valve Positioner outputs.
Optional dual alarms can be configured to activate according to a variety of actions (Absolute HI or LO, Deviation HI or LO, Band IN or OUT, Heater
Break, and Valve Fail Detect) with adjustable hysteresis. A standby feature suppresses the output during power-up until the temperature stabilizes outside the alarm region. An optional secondary output is available (for processes requiring cooling) that provides increased control accuracy and response.
A linear 4 to 20 mA or 0 to 10 VDC output signal is available to interface with actuators, chart recorders, indicators, or other controllers. The type of
Linear DC output is determined by the model ordered. (See Ordering
Information, page 90, for available models.) The output signal can be
digitally scaled and selected to transmit one of the following: % output power, process temperature value, process temperature value deviation or setpoint value. For Linear DC control applications, the adjustable output demand dampening, output deadband, and output update time parameters expand the versatility of the TCU to final control devices.
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The optional Heater Current Monitor serves as a digital ammeter for heater current monitoring. Used with current transformer accessory (CT005001), this display is integrated within the controller. An alarm event output can be programmed to signal when the heater or heater control devices have failed, before damage to process material occurs. The Heater Break Alarm triggers under two conditions:
1. The main output (OP1) is “on” and the heater current is below the heater current alarm value, indicating an aged or failed heater.
2. Output (OP1) is “off” and the heater current is more than 10% of the alarm value, indicating a shorted heater control device or other problem.
The optional Motorized Valve Positioner directly controls the position of a valve by the use of twin outputs (open and close) to control the direction of motor rotation. The motor position defines the opening position at the valve.
Two control modes are possible: position control, which makes use of the slidewire feedback signal supplied with the positioner and velocity control, in which no slidewire feedback signal is used. Parameters are provided to adjust the operation of the valve. These include:
- Valve activity hysteresis
- Valve update time
- Variable control dampening
- Slidewire signal fail action
- Adjustable valve position limits
The Valve Positioner TCU achieves tight process control; yet minimizes unnecessary valve activity. An alarm event output or display alarm can be programmed under loss of slidewire feedback or under valve fail detection.
The optional Second Analog Input (0 to 20 mA DC) can be configured as a
Remote Setpoint signal or as a Secondary Process signal. Configuration of the Second Analog Input as a Remote Setpoint signal allows ratio control, master setpoint/multiple slave operation, and the ability to cascade the TCU with another controller (External Cascade). Configuration of the Second
Input as a Secondary Process signal allows operation as a two-process cascade controller within a single unit (Internal Cascade). In either control mode, parameters are provided to scale, configure, communicate and monitor the activity of both analog inputs. A square law linearizer function can be used to linearize signals derived from flow transmitters.
The optional RS485 multi-drop serial communication interface provides two-way communication between a TCU unit and other compatible equipment such as a printer, a programmable controller, or a host computer.
In multi-point applications the address number of each unit on the line can be programmed from zero to ninety nine. Up to thirty-two units can be installed on a single pair of wires. The Setpoint value, % Output Power, Setpoint Ramp
Rate, etc. can be interrogated or changed, by sending the proper command code via serial communications. Alarm output(s) may also be reset via the serial communications interface option. A programmable User Input is available with RS485, Valve Position, Heater Current Monitor, and Second
Analog Input models. The User Input can be programmed to perform a variety of controller functions.
An optional NEMA 4X/IP65 rated bezel is available for wash down applications and similar environments, when properly installed. Modern surface-mount technology, in-house assembly and testing, and high immunity to noise interference makes the controller extremely reliable in industrial environments.
SAFETY SUMMARY
All safety related regulations, local codes and instructions that appear in the manual or on equipment must be observed to ensure personal safety and to prevent damage to either the instrument or equipment connected to it. If equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.
Do not use the TCU to directly command motors, valves, or other actuators not equipped with safeguards. To do so, can be potentially harmful to persons or equipment in the event of a fault to the unit. An independent and redundant temperature limit indicator with alarm outputs is strongly recommended. Red
Lion Controls model IMT (thermocouple) or model IMR (RTD) units may be used for this purpose. The indicators should have input sensors and AC power feeds independent from other equipment.
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INSTALLATION & CONNECTIONS
Installation Environment
The unit should be installed in a location that does not exceed the maximum operating temperature and provides good air circulation. Placing the unit near devices that generate excessive heat should be avoided.
Continuous exposure to direct sunlight may accelerate the aging process of the bezel.
The bezel should be cleaned only with a soft cloth and neutral soap product.
Do NOT use solvents.
Do not use tools of any kind (screwdrivers, pens, pencils, etc.) to operate the keypad of the unit.
Standard Unit Installation
Prepare the panel cutout to the dimensions shown in Figure 1, Panel
Installation & Removal. Remove the panel latch and cardboard sleeve from the unit and discard the cardboard sleeve. The unit should be installed with the bezel assembly in place. Insert the unit into the panel cutout. While holding the front of the unit in place, push the panel latch over the rear of the unit so that the tabs of the panel latch engage in the slots on the case. The panel latch should be engaged in the farthest forward slots possible. Tighten the screws evenly until the unit is snug in the panel.
NEMA 4X/IP65 Unit Installation
The optional NEMA 4X/IP65 TCU Controller is designed to provide a watertight seal in panels with a minimum thickness of 1/8 inch. The unit meets NEMA 4X/IP65 requirements for indoor use, when properly installed.
The units are intended to be mounted into an enclosed panel. Prepare the panel
cutout to the dimensions shown in Figure 1, Panel Installation & Removal.
Carefully apply the adhesive side of the panel gasket to the panel cutout.
Remove the panel latch and cardboard sleeve from the unit. Discard the cardboard sleeve. The unit should be installed with the bezel assembly in place and the bezel screws tightened slightly. Insert the unit into the panel cutout. While holding the front of the unit in place, push the panel latch over the rear of the unit so that the tabs of the panel latch engage in the slots on the case. The panel latch should be engaged in the farthest forward slot possible.
To achieve a proper seal, tighten the latch screws evenly until the unit is snug in the panel (Torque to approximately 7 in-lbs [79N-cm]). Do NOT over-tighten the screws.
Note: The installation location of the controller is important. Be sure to keep it away from heat sources (ovens, furnaces, etc.), away from direct contact with caustic vapors, oils, steam, or any other process by-products in which exposure may affect proper operation.
Caution: Prior to applying power to the controller, the internal AC power selector switch must be set. Damage to the controller may occur if the switch is set incorrectly.
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Figure 1, Panel Installation & Removal
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Unit Removal Procedure
To remove a NEMA 4X/IP65 or standard unit from the panel, first unscrew and remove the panel latch screws. Insert flat blade screwdrivers between the latch and the case on the top and bottom of the unit, so that the latches disengage from the grooves in the case. Push the unit through the panel from the rear.
Removing Bezel Assembly
The bezel assembly, shown in Figure 2, must be removed from the case to
install or replace output modules, to select the input sensor type, or to set the
115/230 VAC selector switch. Disconnect power to the unit and to the output
control circuits to eliminate the potential shock hazard when removing the
bezel assembly. To remove a standard bezel assembly (without bezel securing screws), press the latch under the lower bezel lip and withdraw the bezel assembly. To remove the sealed NEMA 4X/IP65 bezel assembly, loosen the two bezel securing screws until a slight “click” is felt (the screws are retained in the bezel) and withdraw the assembly.
Caution: The bezel assembly contains electronic circuits that are damaged by static electricity. Before removing the assembly, discharge stray static electricity on your body by touching an earth ground point. It is also important that the bezel assembly be handled only by the bezel itself. Additionally, if it is necessary to handle a circuit board, be certain that hands are free from dirt, oil, etc., to avoid circuit contamination that may lead to malfunction. If it becomes necessary to ship the unit for repairs, place the unit in its case before shipping it.
Installing Bezel Assembly
To install the standard bezel assembly, insert the assembly into the case until the bezel latch snaps into position.
To install the NEMA 4X/IP65 bezel assembly, insert the assembly into the case and tighten the bezel screws uniformly until the bezel contacts the case and then turn each screw another half turn to insure a watertight seal (do not over-tighten screws).
Caution: When substituting or replacing a bezel assembly, be certain that it is done with the same model using the same Output Modules. Damage to the controller may result if the unit’s output modules are not the same. A NEMA
4X/IP65 and a standard bezel assembly are NOT interchangeable.
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Figure 2, Bezel Assembly
Output Modules
The main control, optional Alarm, optional Cooling output and optional
Valve Position control output sockets must be fitted with the appropriate output module. Output modules are shipped separately and must be installed by the user.
Output Module Restrictions
With some models, the Alarm outputs and Valve Position outputs share the same common terminal. When using these models, the same type of output modules are usually installed in these positions.
Installing Output Modules
To install an output module into the controller, remove the bezel assembly
from the case (See Removing Bezel Assembly, page 5). Locate the correct
output module socket (OP1, AL1, or AL2/OP2, see Figure 6, Hardware, or
label outside of case) and plug the output module into the socket. No re-programming is required. If changing an output module type, be sure the appropriate output interface wiring changes are made. Re-install the bezel assembly when complete.
Note: For Valve Positioner models, the circuit board markings have the following meaning:
AL1 - Open Output
AL2/OP2 - Close Output
OP1 - Alarm #1 Output
OUTPUT MODULE “OUTPUT ON” STATE
Relay
Logic/SSR Drive
Triac
Normally open contact is closed.
Source is active.
Solid state switch is closed.
Typical Connections
Figure 3, Relay Module
Relay:
Type: Form-C
Rating: 5 Amps @ 120/240 VAC or 28 VDC (resistive load), 1/8 HP @
120 VAC (inductive load).
Life Expectancy: 100,000 cycles at maximum load rating. (Decreasing load and/or increasing cycle time, increases life expectancy).
Figure 4, Logic/SSR Drive Module
Logic/SSR Drive:
Type: Non-isolated switched DC, 12 VDC typical
Drive: 45 mA Max. Can drive multiple SSR Power Units.
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Triac:
Type: Isolated, Zero Crossing Detection.
Rating:
Voltage: 120/240 VAC.
Max. Load Current: 1 amp @ 35°C
0.75 amp @ 50°C
Min. Load Current: 10 mA
Off State Leakage Current: 7 mA maximum @ 60 Hz
Operating Frequency: 20 to 400 Hz
Protection: Internal Transient Snubber, Fused.
Select Input Sensor Type
The input sensor type (Thermocouple or RTD) must be selected by an internal hardware jumper to match the programmed input sensor type. The jumper is located inside the case on a small accessory circuit board near the
rear of the unit on the main circuit board (see Figure 6, Hardware, or label on
outside of case).
Select AC Power (115/230 VAC)
The AC power to the unit must be selected for either 115 VAC or 230 VAC.
The selector switch is located inside the case near the rear of the unit on the
main circuit board (see Figure 6, Hardware, or label on inside or outside of
case). The unit is shipped from the factory with the switch in the 230 VAC position.
Caution: Damage to the controller may occur if the AC selector switch is set incorrectly.
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EMC INSTALLATION GUIDELINES
Although this unit is designed with a high degree of immunity to
ElectroMagnetic Interference (EMI), proper installation and wiring methods must be followed to ensure compatibility in each application. The type of electrical noise, source or coupling method into the unit may be different for various installations. In extremely high EMI environments, additional measures may be needed. The unit becomes more immune to EMI with fewer
I/O connections. Cable length, routing and shield termination are very important and can mean the difference between a successful or a troublesome installation. Listed below are some EMC guidelines for successful installation in an industrial environment.
1. The unit should be mounted in a metal enclosure, which is properly connected to protective earth.
2. Use shielded (screened) cables for all Signal and Control inputs. The shield (screen) pigtail connection should be made as short as possible. The connection point for the shield depends somewhat upon the application.
Listed below are the recommended methods of connecting the shield, in order of their effectiveness.
a. Connect the shield only at the panel where the unit is mounted to earth ground (protective earth).
b. Connect the shield to earth ground at both ends of the cable, usually when the noise source frequency is above 1 MHz.
c. Connect the shield to common of the unit and leave the other end of the shield unconnected and insulated from earth ground.
3. Never run Signal or Control cables in the same conduit or raceway with AC power lines, conductors feeding motors, solenoids, SCR controls, and heaters, etc. The cables should be run in metal conduit that is properly grounded. This is especially useful in applications where cable runs are long and portable two-way radios are used in close proximity or if the installation is near a commercial radio transmitter.
4. Signal or Control cables within an enclosure should be routed as far away as possible from contactors, control relays, transformers, and other noisy components.
5. In extremely high EMI environments, the use of external EMI suppression devices, such as ferrite suppression cores, is effective. Install them on
Signal and Control cables as close to the unit as possible. Loop the cable through the core several times or use multiple cores on each cable for additional protection. Install line filters on the power input cable to the unit to suppress power line interference. Install them near the power entry point of the enclosure. The following EMI suppression devices (or equivalent) are recommended:
Ferrite Suppression Cores for signal and control cables:
Fair-Rite # 0443167251 (RLC #FCOR0000)
TDK # ZCAT3035-1330A
Steward #28B2029-0A0
Line Filters for input power cables:
Schaffner # FN610-1/07 (RLC #LFIL0000)
Schaffner # FN670-1.8/07
Corcom #1VR3
Note: Reference manufacturer’s instructions when installing a line filter.
6. Long cable runs are more susceptible to EMI pickup than short cable runs.
Therefore, keep cable runs as short as possible.
7. Switching of inductive loads produces high EMI. Use of snubbers across inductive loads suppresses EMI.
Snubbers:
RLC #SNUB0000
Wiring Connections
After the unit has been mechanically mounted, it is ready to be wired. All conductors should meet voltage and current ratings for each terminal. Also cabling should conform to appropriate standards of good installation, local codes and regulations. It is recommended that power supplied to the unit (AC or DC) be protected by a fuse or circuit breaker.
All wiring connections are made on a fixed terminal block. When wiring the unit, use the numbers on the label to identify the position number with the proper function. Strip the wire, leaving approximately 1/4" (6 mm) bare wire exposed (stranded wires should be tinned with solder). Insert the wire into the terminal and tighten the screw until the wire is clamped tightly. Each terminal can accept up to two, 18-gauge wires. Wire each terminal block in this manner.
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Signal Wiring
When connecting the thermocouple or RTD leads, be certain that the
connections are clean and tight, refer to Figures 7 and 8 for terminal
connections. If the thermocouple probe cannot be connected directly to the controller, thermocouple wire or thermocouple extension-grade wire must be used to extend the connection points (copper wire does not work). Always refer to the thermocouple manufacturer’s recommendations for mounting, temperature range, shielding, etc. For multi-probe temperature averaging applications, two or more thermocouple probes may be connected to the controller (always use the same type). Paralleling a single thermocouple to more than one controller is not recommended. Generally, the red wire from the thermocouple is negative and connected to the controller’s common.
RTD sensors are used where a higher degree of accuracy and stability is required than is obtained with thermocouples. Most RTD sensors available are the three wire type. The third wire is a sense lead for canceling the effects of lead resistance of the probe. Four wire RTD elements may be used by leaving one of the sense leads disconnected. Two wire RTD sensors connect between terminals #8 and #10. A sense wire connected to terminal #9, is required for operation. The sense wire can be connected in either of two ways:
A) Install a copper sense wire of the same wire gauge as the RTD leads.
Connect one end of the sense wire at terminal #9, and connect the other end of the sense wire at the probe (on the terminal #8 side). Complete lead wire compensation is obtained. This is the preferred method.
B) Connect a shorting wire directly from terminal #9 to terminal #8, as shown
in Figure 8, RTD Connection. A temperature offset error of 2.5°C/ohm of
lead resistance exists. The error may be compensated for by programming a temperature offset.
Note: With extended cable runs, be sure the lead resistance is less than 10 ohms/lead.
Figure 7, Thermocouple Connection
Figure 8, RTD Connection
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Valve Positioner Wiring
Units with Valve Positioner option have three output connections for controlling the valve motor and three input connections for slidewire feedback. The valve motor output connects to terminals labeled “Valve
Position Outputs”, terminals 1, 2 and 3. See Figure 9, Valve Positioner
Wiring for more details. Terminal 1 is the Valve motor supply common.
Terminal 2 is the Valve Close or CW output. Terminal 3 is the Valve Open or
CCW output. The valve motor common must be fused with a suitable value.
Figure 9, Valve Positioner Wiring
Although RC snubbers are employed inside the controller to suppress inductive “kicks” from the motor, it may be necessary to take further action to reduce noise effects:
1) Use Triac Output Modules wherever possible. The Triac device significantly reduces radiated EMI (Electromagnetic Interference).
The Triac Output Module also does not suffer from mechanical wear of the contacts.
2) Use RC snubbers directly across the valve motor.
3) Use a separate AC supply for the valve motor.
Where possible, the valve motor control outputs and the slidewire feedback input routing should be physically separated. Noise interference from the outputs could couple into the slidewire feedback inputs, disrupting proper operation.
The slidewire feedback inputs connect to the terminals labeled “Slidewire
Feedback Inputs”. The terminal placement varies with each model, see the controller label for the actual terminals. For Velocity mode valve control the slidewire feedback inputs are not necessary.
In some cases, it may be desirable to have an independent valve position indicator. Red Lion Controls Model IMD1 can be wired in parallel with the slidewire input’s Wiper and Comm. terminals for this purpose. The approximate 0 to 0.9 V signal can be scaled to indicate percent valve position.
Linear DC Output Wiring
Units with Linear DC output option have two terminals to output a 4 to 20 mA or 0 to 10 VDC signal. The type of Linear DC output is determined by the
model ordered. (See Ordering Information page 90, for available models.)
These terminals are labeled “4-20 mA (or 0-10 VDC) Analog Output Option,
Out+ and Out-”. The common of this output is isolated from thermocouple common , but is not isolated from the Second Analog Input Option common.
For proper operation always keep these commons isolated.
Second Analog Input Wiring
Units with Second Analog Input option have two input terminals to receive a 4 to 20 mA signal. These terminals are labeled “Second Input, 4-20 mA+ and
4-20 mA-”. Terminal placement varies with model. See unit label for actual terminals. The common of this input is isolated from thermocouple common, but is not isolated from the Linear DC Output common. For proper operation always keep these commons isolated.
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Heater Current Monitor Wiring
Units with Heater Current Monitor option have two input terminals to receive the output directly from a 100 mA current transformer.
Caution: Never connect a current transformer with a rating other than 100 mA.
These terminals are labeled “Second Input CT”, see Figure 10, Heater
Current Wiring. Terminal placement varies with model. See controller label for actual terminals. There is no polarity observation for these inputs.
AC Power Wiring
Primary AC power is connected to the separate two position terminal block labeled AC. To reduce the chance of noise spikes entering the AC line and affecting the controller, an AC feed separate from that of the load should be used to power the controller. Be certain that the AC power to the controller is relatively “clean” and within the -15%, +10% variation limit. Connecting power from heavily loaded circuits or circuits that also power loads that cycle
on and off, (contacts, relays, motors, etc.) should be avoided.
Figure 10, Heater Current Wiring
Program Disable Or User Input Wiring
Some models have Terminal #7 as the User Input, which is programmable for a variety of functions. Other models have Terminal #7 dedicated to the program disable function. Any form of mechanical switch may be connected to terminal #7. Sinking open collector logic with less than 0.7 V saturation may also be used (no pull-up resistance is necessary).
Note: Do not tie the commons of multiple units to a single switch. Use either a multiple pole switch for ganged operation or a single switch for each unit.
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FRONT PANEL DESCRIPTION
The front panel bezel material is flame and scratch resistant, tinted plastic. An optional NEMA
4X/IP65 bezel version is available that meets NEMA 4X/IP65 requirements, when properly installed. There are two 4-digit
LED displays, a red upper Main
Display and a lower green
Secondary Display.
There are up to six annunciators depending on options installed, with red backlighting, that illuminate to inform the operator of the controller and output status. See
description of the available annunciators.
Four front panel buttons are used to access different modes and parameters. The following is a description of each button.
Button Functions
DSP - In the normal operating mode, the Display (DSP) button is used to select one of the operational parameters in the secondary display or the temperature unit’s (°F or °C). In the Configuration Parameter
Modes, pressing this button causes the unit to exit (escape) to the normal operating mode with no changes made to the selected parameter.
UP, DN - In the normal operating mode, the Up/Down buttons can be used to directly modify the setpoint value or % output power (manual mode only),
Figure 11, Front Panel when viewed in the secondary display. Otherwise, the parameter must be called to alter the value.
PAR - The Parameter (PAR) button is used to access, enter the change, and scroll through the available parameters in any mode.
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OPERATION OVERVIEW
Controller Power-up
Upon applying power, the controller delays control action and temperature indication for five seconds to perform several self-diagnostic tests and display basic controller information. Initially, the controller illuminates both displays and all annunciators to verify that all display elements are functioning. The controller then displays the programmed input sensor type in the main display (verify that the input select sensor jumper matches the programming). Concurrently, it displays the current revision number of the operating system software in the bottom display. The controller checks for correct internal operation and displays an error message (E-XX) if an internal
fault is detected (see Troubleshooting, page 78, for further information).
Upon completion of this sequence, the controller begins control action by displaying the temperature and updating the outputs based upon the PID control calculation.
Controller Power Down
At power down, the steady state control value as well as all parameters and control modes are saved, to provide a quick and predictable temperature response on the next power-up.
When powering down the process, it is important to power down the controller at the same time. This prevents the reset action of the controller from shifting the proportional band while the temperature is dropping and prevents excessive overshoot on the next process start-up.
Process Start-up
After starting the process, the controller’s PID settings must be initially
“tuned” to the process for optimum temperature control. Minimal tuning consists of adjusting the Proportional Band, Integral Time, and Derivative
Time parameters to achieve the optimum response to a process disturbance.
The controller can be tuned once, but must be re-tuned if the process has been changed significantly. Several options exist for tuning these parameters:
A) Use the controller’s built-in Auto-Tune feature (see Auto-Tune, page 68).
B) Use a manual tuning technique (see Manual Tuning, page 81).
C) Use a third party tuning software package (generally expensive and not always precise).
D) Use values based on control loop experience, calculated values or values from a similar process.
If the controller is a replacement, the PID settings from the unit being replaced may be used as good initial values. Be sure to consider any differences in the units and the PID settings when replacing. The PID settings may be fine tuned by using the techniques outlined in the PID Control section.
After tuning the controller to the process, it is important to power the load and the controller at the same time for best start-up response.
Manual (User) & Automatic Operation
The controller can be transferred between Automatic control (closed loop;
PID or ON/OFF control) and Manual control (open loop). In the Hidden
Function Mode, the “trnf” parameter allows the operator to select the desired operating mode. To allow front panel switching between control modes, program the transfer (trnf) parameter to “Enbl” in the Lockout Module. The user input or RS485 serial interface option may also be used to perform the auto/manual transfer function, independent of the setting in the Lockout
Module.
Manual operation provides direct control of the output(s) from 0 to +100%, or -100% to +100% if cooling output is installed. For Valve Positioner models with slidewire feedback, this mode allows manual valve positioning. The
MAN (REM for Remote Setpoint models) annunciator flashes to indicate that the unit is in manual operation. When transferring the controller mode from/to automatic, the control power output(s) remain constant, exercising true “bumpless” transfer. When transferring from manual to automatic, the power initially remains steady but integral action corrects (if necessary) the closed loop power demand at a rate proportional to the Integral Time. The programmable high and low power limit values are ignored when the unit is in manual operation.
13
Remote And Local Setpoint Operation
The controller setpoint mode can be switched between Local Setpoint operation and Remote Setpoint operation. In the Hidden Function Mode, the
“SPSL” parameter allows the operator to select the desired setpoint operating mode. To allow front panel switching between setpoint modes, program the setpoint select parameter (SPSL) to “Enbl” in the Lockout Module. The user input or RS485 serial interface option may also be used to perform the setpoint selection function, independent of the setting in the Lockout Module.
Front panel annunciator REM is on for Remote setpoint operation and is off for Local setpoint operation. When transferring the controller mode from/to the setpoint modes, various controller response options are available (see
14
Configuration Of Parameters
As supplied from the factory, the controller parameters have been programmed to the values listed in the Programming Quick Reference
Tables. The user must modify the values, if necessary, to suit the application.
Operation and configuration of the controller is divided into five distinct operational/programming modes to simplify the operation of the controller:
Normal Display Mode, Unprotected Parameter Mode, Protected Parameter
Mode, Hidden Function Mode, and Configuration Parameter Modules. See
Figure 12, Operational/Programming Modes.
Figure 12, Operational/Programming Modes
15
Parameter Entry
The PAR button is used to select the desired parameter. To modify the parameter setting use the UP and DOWN buttons. Press PAR to enter the new value. The controller progresses to the next parameter. In a Configuration
Parameter Module, pressing the DSP button causes the new value to be rejected, the controller displays “End”, and returns to the Normal Display
Mode. For those parameters outside the Configuration Parameter Modules, the new value takes effect and is committed into controller memory WHILE the value is keyed in. The following is a list of commonly modified parameters:
Setpoint
Output Power
Output Power Offset
Proportional Band
Integral Time
Derivative Time
Proportional Band #2
Integral Time #2
Derivative Time #2
Directed Setpoint (Cascade)
Ratio
Bias
Alarm 1 Value
Alarm 2 Value
Note: While in a Configuration Parameter Module, all new parameters are rejected and the old ones recalled if power is removed from the controller. If power is removed while modifying any parameter, be certain to check the parameter for the proper value.
Normal Display Mode
In the normal display mode, the process temperature is always displayed in the main display. By successively pressing the DSP button, one of these operational parameters can be viewed in the secondary display (model dependent):
Temperature Setpoint
% Output Power
Heater Current
Second Analog Input (Remote Setpoint)
Temperature Setpoint Deviation
Temperature Units Symbol (°F or °C).
Each of these displays can be independently locked out from appearing or
from being modified by the user (see Lockouts Module, page 28). Only from
the normal display mode can access be gained to the other modes
(Unprotected, Protected, or Hidden).
Modifying A Secondary Display Parameter From The Front
Panel
The controller must be in the normal display mode to modify the secondary display parameters. The Temperature Setpoint value and % output power (in manual mode) are the two parameters which may be modified. The other parameters are read-out values only.
Temperature Setpoint Value - Use the up and down arrow buttons to modify the setpoint value when viewed, if not locked. If locked, the setpoint can be changed in the unprotected mode when “SP” is viewed, independent of viewing in the secondary display. The setpoint value is confined to the programmable setpoint limit values (SPLO & SPHI, Input Module 1).
% Output Power - The % Output Power can only be changed when the unit is in the manual mode. See Manual (User) and Automatic Operations, page
13. The annunciator %PW lights, and the Manual annunciator flashes when
viewed. Use the up and down arrow buttons to modify the % Output Power if not locked. If locked, the % output power can be changed in the unprotected mode when “OP” is viewed, independent of viewing in the secondary display. The % output power is not confined to the programmable output power limit values (OPLO & OPHI, Output Module 2).
16
UNPROTECTED PARAMETER MODE
The Unprotected Parameter Mode is accessed by pressing the PAR button from the normal display mode with program disable inactive. In this mode, the operator has access to the list of the most commonly modified controller parameters. At the end of the list, a configuration “access point” allows the operator to enter the configuration parameter modules. These modules allow access to the fundamental set-up parameters of the controller. When the program list has been scrolled through, the controller displays “End” and returns to the normal display mode. The unit automatically returns to the normal display mode if no action is taken.
Unprotected Parameter Mode Reference Table
Display Parameter
SP
OPOF
OP
Prop
Intt
Temperature
Setpoint
%Output
Power
Offset
Output
Power
Proportional
Band
Integral
Time
Range and
Units (Factory
Setting Value)
Confined to range of limits
SPLO, SPHI, 1 or 0.1 degree
(0)
-99.9% to
100%
(0.0)
-99.9% to
100%
(0.0)
0.0 to 999.9% of selected input range
(4.0)
0 to 9999 sec.
(120)
Description/
Comments
Appears only if setpoint value is locked (LOC) or read only (rEd).
Appears only if integral time
(Intt) = 0 and controller is in automatic mode.
Appears only if controller is in user (manual) mode and % output power is (LOC) or read only (rEd). This parameter is not limited to output power limits
(OPLO & OPHI).
0.0% is ON/OFF control. If using
ON/OFF mode, set control hysteresis appropriately.
dErt
Pb-2
It-2
Derivative
Time
Proportional
Band #2
(Secondary)
Integral
Time #2
(Secondary)
0 to 9999 sec.
(30)
0.0 to 999.9% of
Scaled input range
(4.0)
0 to 9999 sec.
(0)
0 is off. This parameter does not appear if proportional band =
0.0%.
0 is off. This parameter does not appear if proportional band =
0.0%.
0.0% is ON/OFF control. Second
Analog Input models only.
0 is off. This parameter does not appear if proportional band #2 =
0.0%. Second Analog Input models only.
17
Display
dt-2
SP-2 rtio bIAS
AL-1
AL-2
CNFP
End
Parameter
Derivative
Time #2
(Secondary)
Range and
Units (Factory
Setting Value)
0 to 9999 sec.
(0)
Description/
Comments
0 is off. This parameter does not appear if proportional band #2 =
0.0%. Second Analog Input models only.
Second Analog Input models only. Read only parameter.
Internal
Cascade
Directed
Setpoint
Remote
Setpoint ratio multiplier
Remote
Setpoint bias offset
Alarm 1
Value
-999 to 9999
(N/A)
0.001 to 9.999
(1.000)
0 to 9999
(0)
Second Analog Input models.
Second Analog Input models.
Alarm 2
Value
Configuration
Access
Point
Unit returns to Normal
Display Mode
-999 to 9999, 1 or 0.1 degree
(0)
-999 to 9999, 1 or 0.1 degree
(0)
____
Alarm option models only.
NO
1-IN
2-OP
3-LC
4-AL
5-02
6-SC
7-2N
8-VP
9-FS
This parameter does not appear if the alarm option is not specified, the cooling option is installed, or if locked (LOC).
Return to normal display mode.
Enter Configuration modules.
Configure input parameters.
Configure output parameters.
Configure parameter lockouts.
Configure alarm parameters (opt.)
Configure cooling output (opt.)
Configure serial communication parameters (optional)
Configure second analog input parameters (optional)
Configure valve positioner parameters (optional)
Factory service operations
(Qualified technicians only)
Brief display message.
18
PROTECTED PARAMETER MODE
The Protected Parameter Mode is accessed from the normal display mode by pressing the PAR button with program disable active. In this mode, the operator has access to the list of the most commonly modified controller parameters that have been “unlocked” in the configuration parameter lockouts module. Depending on the code number entered in the lockout
Protected Parameter Mode Reference Table
Display Parameter
Prop
Intt dErt
Pb-2
It-2 dt-2
SP-2
Proportional
Band
Integral
Time
Derivative
Time
Proportional
Band #2
(Secondary)
Integral
Time #2
(Secondary)
Derivative
Time #2
(Secondary)
Internal
Cascade
Directed
Setpoint
Range and units (Factory
Setting Value)
0.0 to 999.9% of selected input range
(4.0)
0 to 9999 sec.
(120)
0 to 9999 sec.
(30)
0.0 to 999.9% of scaled input range
(4.0)
0 to 9999 sec.
(0)
0 to 9999 sec.
(0)
-999 to 9999
(N/A)
Description/Comments
0.0% is ON/OFF control. If using
ON/OFF mode, set control hysteresis appropriately. This parameter does not appear if locked (LOC).
0 is off. This parameter does not appear if proportional band = 0.0% or locked (LOC).
0 is off. This parameter does not appear if proportional band = 0.0% or locked (LOC).
0.0% is ON/OFF control. Second
Analog Input models only.
0 is off. This parameter does not appear if proportional band #2=
0.0%, or if locked (LOC). Second
Analog Input models only.
0 is off. This parameter does not appear if proportional band #2=
0.0%, or if locked (LOC). Second
Analog Input models only.
Second Analog Input models only.
Read only parameter.
module, access to the unprotected parameter mode and hence, the configuration parameter modules is possible. The controller returns to the normal display mode if the unprotected mode and configuration modules cannot be accessed. This mode cannot be accessed if all parameters are locked out in Configuration Module 3.
Display Parameter
rtio bIAS
AL-1
AL-2
Code
End
Remote setpoint ratio multiplier
Remote setpoint bias offset
Alarm 1 value
Range and units (Factory
Setting Value)
0.001 to 9.999
(1.000)
0 to 9999
(0)
Description/Comments
Second Analog Input models only.
Second Analog Input models only.
Alarm 2 value
Access code to unprotected mode
Unit returns to normal display mode.
-999 to 9999
1 or 0.1 degree
(0)
-999 to 9999
1 or 0.1 degree
(0)
0 to 250
(0)
Alarm option models only.
This parameter does not appear if the alarm option is not specified, the cooling option is installed, or if locked (LOC).
To gain access to unprotected mode, enter the same value for
Code as entered in parameter lockouts. This parameter does not appear if zero is entered in code parameter lockout.
Brief display message display mode.
19
Front Panel Program Disable
There are several ways to limit the programming of parameters from the front panel buttons. The settings of the parameters in the Lockout Module, the code number entered, and the state and/or function programmed for the User
Input (Terminal #7) affect front panel access.
It is possible to have the program disable function on versions with the
User Input, even if the User Input is not programmed for program disable
(PLOC), by the use of a code number. Versions that do not have the User Input are dedicated to the program disable function.
The following charts describe the possible program disable settings depending on your model.
Models With User Input
User Input State
Inactive or User
Input not programmed for
PLOC
Active with User
Input programmed for PLOC
Active with User
Input programmed for PLOC
OR
User Input not programmed for
PLOC
0
Code Number
0
Any # between
1 & 250
Description
Full access to all modes and parameter modules.
Access to protected parameter mode only. Code number does not appear.
Access to protected parameter mode. Correct programmed code number allows access to unprotected parameter mode and configuration modules.
Note: A universal code number 222 can be entered to gain access to the unprotected mode and configuration modules, independent of the programmed code number.
Models With Program Disable
Program Disable
Inactive
Active
Active
0
Code Number
0
Any # between
1 & 250
Description
Full access to all modes and parameter modules.
Access to protected parameter mode only. Code number does not appear.
Access to protected parameter mode. Correct programmed code number allows access to unprotected parameter mode and configuration modules.
Note: A universal code number 222 can be entered to gain access to the unprotected mode and configuration modules, independent of the programmed code number.
20
HIDDEN FUNCTION MODE
The Hidden Function Mode is only accessible from the normal display mode by pressing and holding the PAR button for three seconds. These functions must be unlocked in Configuration Module #3. Factory settings are locked. In this mode, these controller functions can be performed.
Local/Remote Setpoint Selection
Automatic/Manual Transfer
Initiate/Cancel Auto-tune
Reset Alarm Events
Each function may be “locked out” in the Configuration parameter lockouts module. The PAR button is used to scroll to the desired function and the up and down buttons are used to select the operation. Pressing the PAR button while the function is displayed executes the function, and returns the unit to the normal display mode. Pressing the DSP button exits this mode with no action taken. The unit automatically returns to the normal display mode if no action is taken.
Hidden Function Mode Reference Table
Display Parameter
SPSL trnF
Select
Local or
Remote
Setpoint
Transfer mode of operation
Range and Units
(Factory Setting
Value)
LOC - Local Setpoint rE_t - Remote Setpoint
(LOC)
Auto - Automatic control
User - Manual control
(Auto) tUNE
ALrS
Auto-tune invocation
Yes: starts the auto-tune sequence.
No: terminates the auto-tune sequence.
Prl - tune primary
(Cascade)
SEC - tune secondary
(Cascade)
(NO)
Alarm reset UP key resets Alarm 1
DOWN key resets
Alarm 2
Description/
Comments
Appears only for models with Second Analog Input.
“SPtr” determines nature of controller response.
This step does not appear if locked (LOC). Exits to normal display mode if executed.
This step does not appear if locked (LOC) or exits to normal display mode if executed.
These parameters appear only if Second Analog Input
Internal Cascade is selected.
This step does not appear if alarm option not installed, if locked (LOC) or previous step performed.
21
CONFIGURATION PARAMETER MODULES
Accessible from the unprotected parameter mode, the configuration parameter modules allow the operator access to the controller’s fundamental set-up parameters. There are nine possible configuration stages that can be accessed. At the configuration stage access point “CNFP”, the operator uses the UP & DOWN arrow buttons to select the desired configuration parameter module. Press the PAR button to enter the module where the settings can be viewed or modified. The PAR button is used to scroll through the parameters and the UP and DOWN buttons are used to modify the parameter value. The
PAR button enters the desired choice, advancing to the next parameter. The operator can press the DSP button to exit (escape) without modifying the parameter. The unit returns to the normal display mode. After the parameters in a module are viewed or modified, the unit returns to the configuration access point, allowing access to other modules.
Input Module (1- In)
The controller has several input set-up parameters that must be programmed prior to setting any other controller parameters.
Input Type (type)
Select from the list of various thermocouple and RTD sensors. Be sure to set the internal input select jumper to the appropriate position (TC or RTD,
see Select Input Sensor Type, page 7, or the label on outside of case for
location of jumper).
The following is a list of the possible sensors: tc-t tc-E tc-J tc-k tc-r tc-S tc-B tc-N
LIN r385 r392 rLIN
- Type T TC
- Type E TC
- Type J TC
- Type K TC
- Type R TC
- Type S TC
- Type B TC
- Type N TC
- Linear mV display
- 385 curve RTD
- 392 curve RTD
- Linear ohms display
Temperature Scale (SCAL)
Select either degrees Fahrenheit (F) or degrees Celsius (C). If changed, be
sure to check All parameters.
Temperature Resolution (dCPt)
Select either 1 or 0.1 degree resolution. If changed, be sure to check All
parameters.
Input Signal Filter and Display Update Rate (FLtr)
Select the relative degree of input signal filtering and display update rate.
The filter is an adaptive digital filter that discriminates between measurement noise and actual process changes. Therefore, the influence on step response time is minimal. If the signal is varying too greatly due to measurement noise, increase the filter value. Additionally, with large derivative times, control action may be too unstable for accurate control. Increase the filter value.
Conversely, if the fastest controller response is desired, decrease the filter value.
The Auto-tune procedure sets the filter value appropriate to the process characteristics. Also see Output Power Dampening parameter (OPdP), page
Fltr- 0 to 4
0 = least input filtering
3 = most input filtering
4 = most input filtering and slower (2/sec) display update rate
(outputs update at 10/sec rate)
22
Input Sensor Correction Constants (SPAN & SHFt)
If the controller temperature disagrees with a reference temperature instrument or if the temperature sensor has a known calibration, the controller temperature can be compensated by a correction slope (SPAN) and offset
(SHFt).
SPAN - 0.001 to 9.999
SHFt - -999 to 9999
The following equation expresses the relationship:
Desired Display Temp = (Controller Temp x SPAN) + SHFt
Example 1: The controller reads 293°F while a reference instrument indicates 300°F. A SHFT value of +7°F corrects the controller indication to match the reference. (Use SPAN = 1.000)
Example 2: A thermocouple probe is calibrated over the region of operation to achieve more accurate temperature control. The calibration results are as follows:
Desired Temperature
400.0°F
800.0°F
Thermocouple Output
395.0°F
804.0°F
SPAN =
800
804
400
395
°
°
F
F
=
SHFT = 400°F - (0.978 x 395°F) = 13.7°F
SPAN value of 0.978 and SHFT value of 13.7°F corrects the indicator to the probe.
Setpoint Limit Values (SPLO & SPHI)
The controller has programmable high and low setpoint limit values to restrict the setting range of the setpoint. Set the limit values so that the temperature setpoint value cannot be set outside the safe operating area of the process. On models equipped with Second Analog Input, configured as a
Remote Setpoint, the Remote Setpoint reading is also restricted to these limits.
SPLO - -999 to 9999
SPHI - -999 to 9999
Setpoint Ramp Rate (SPrP)
The setpoint can be programmed to ramp independent of the controller’s display resolution. The setpoint ramp rate can reduce thermal shock to the process, reduce temperature overshoot on start-up or setpoint changes, or ramp the process at a controlled rate.
SPrP 0.1 to 999.9 degrees/minute
A ramp value of zero disables setpoint ramping. If the optional user input is programmed for setpoint ramp, it affects the enabling and disabling of
setpoint ramping (See User Input, page 24). Setpoint ramping is initiated on
power-up or when the setpoint value is changed and is indicated by a decimal point flashing in the far right corner of the main display.
Once the ramping setpoint reaches the target setpoint, the setpoint ramp rate disengages until the setpoint is changed again. If the ramp value is changed during ramping, the new ramp rate takes effect. If the setpoint is ramping prior to invoking Auto-Tune, the ramping is suspended during
Auto-Tune and then resumed afterward using the current temperature as a starting value. Deviation and band alarms are relative to the target setpoint, not the ramping setpoint. If the analog output is programmed to transmit the setpoint value, the instantaneous ramping setpoint value is transmitted.
Figure 13, Setpoint Ramp Rate
Note: Depending on the ramp rate relative to the process dynamics, the actual process temperature may not track the ramping setpoint value.
23
On models equipped with Second Analog Input, configured as Remote
Setpoint, this parameter may be used to establish a maximum rate of change of the Remote Setpoint reading. If the controller or transmitter that supplies the Remote Setpoint reading is swinging too wildly, or changing too fast, resulting in control problems, the ramp rate can be used to reduce the rate of change of the Remote Setpoint reading. When ramping in Remote Setpoint operation, the flashing decimal point is suppressed. The units of ramping for
Remote Setpoint operation are 0.1 to 999.9 LSD/minute.
User Input
The user input may be programmed to perform a variety of controller functions. The input must be in its active state for 100 msec minimum to perform the function. The unit executes all functions in 100 msec, except the print request function that requires 110 to 200 msec for a response. A function is performed when the User Input, (Terminal 7) is used in conjunction with common (Terminal 10).
Note: Do not tie the commons of multiple units to a single switch. Use either a multiple pole switch for ganged operation or a single switch for each unit.
Below is a list of the available functions.
PLOC - Program Lock. A low level enables the program disable function which places the unit in the Protected Parameter Mode.
Note: Front panel disable is possible without using this program lock
function, see Front Panel Program Disable, page 12.
ILOC - Integral Action Lock. A low level disables the integral action of the
PID computation. A high level resumes the integral action.
trnF - Auto/Manual Transfer. A negative transition places the unit in the manual (user) mode and a positive transition places the unit in the automatic operating mode. The output is “bumpless” when transferring to either operating mode.
SPrP - Setpoint Ramp. A low level terminates setpoint ramping and the controller operates at the target setpoint. Terminating setpoint ramping is the same as setting the ramp rate to zero (SPrP = 0.0). A high level enables the programmed setpoint ramp rate.
ALrS - Alarm Reset. If the alarm option is installed, a low level resets the alarm(s) to their inactive state as long as the user input is low.
Prnt - Print Request. A low level transmits the print options selected in the serial communications module (6-SC). If the user input is held low, after the printing is complete a second print request is issued.
24
SPSL - Select Local or Remote Setpoint. On models equipped with Second
Analog Input, configured as Remote Setpoint, a negative transition engages Remote Setpoint operation and a positive transition engages Local
Setpoint operation. Select the controller output response to the
Local/Remote transfer operation (bumpless, tracking, etc) by the setpoint transfer parameter (SPtr).
Heater Current Monitor Scaling (HCur) (Optional)
Enter the full scale rating of the current transformer used with the controller. This scales the Heater Current Monitor of the controller to indicate directly in amperes of heater current.
HCur - 0.0 to 999.9 amperes (normally 50.0)
Alternatively, the Heater Current Monitor may be scaled to indicate in percent of nominal heater current (0.0 to 100.0%). This may be useful in applications employing several controllers, each with nominal heater current readings that are different from each other. In this case, each controller can be scaled to indicate the same reading (100.0%), independent of each controller’s actual heater current. For example, if using a 50 ampere current transformer and the actual heater current is 38 amperes, the Heater Current
Monitor scaling value is:
HCur =
Amperes
Amperes
x
=
This scaling value results in a Heater Current Monitor indication of
100.0% at an actual heater current of 38 amperes.
See Alarm Action, page 29, to program a Heater Break Alarm.
Output Module (2-OP)
The controller has parameters that affect how the main control output
(OP1) responds to temperature changes and sensor failures.
Time Proportioning Cycle Time (CYCt)
The selection of cycle time depends on the time constant of the process and the type of output module used.
CYCt - 0 to 250 seconds
For best control, a cycle time equal to 1/10 of the process time constant, or less is recommended; longer cycle times could degrade temperature control, and shorter cycle times provides little benefit at the expense of shortened relay life. When using a Triac module or a Logic/SSR drive output module with the SSR Power Unit, a relatively short cycle time may be selected.
A setting of zero keeps the main control output and front panel indicator off. Therefore, if using the analog output for control, the main output and indicator can be disabled. This parameter is skipped for Valve Positioner models.
Output Control Action (OPAC)
For heat and cool applications, the main output (OP1) is normally used for heating (reverse acting) and the optional cooling output (OP2) is normally used for cooling (direct acting).
OPAC - rEv (Reverse acting) drct (Direct acting)
If drct (direct acting) is selected, the main output (OP1) is direct acting and the cooling output (OP2) is reverse acting.
Note: When using a relay output module, the control action may also be reversed by using the normally closed contacts.
The linear DC analog output, when assigned to output power (OP) for control purposes, tracks the controller output power demand. A direct acting linear output signal can be implemented in two ways:
1. Use “direct” for output control action (OPAC).
2. Interchange the two analog output scaling points ANLO & ANHI (see
Linear DC Analog Output, page 27).
Output Power Limits (OPLO & OPHI)
Enter the safe output power limits for the process. These parameters may also be used to limit the minimum and maximum controller power due to process disturbances or setpoint changes, to reduce overshoots by limiting the process approach level.
OPLO & OPHI -
If the cooling option is installed, the limits range from:
OPLO & OPHI -
0 to 100%
-100 to 100%
With the cooling option installed, the Lower Limit can be set to less than
0% to limit maximum cooling or set to greater than 0% to limit minimum heating. Set the High Limit to less than 0% to limit minimum cooling or greater than 0% to limit maximum heating. When controlling power in the manual mode, the output power limits do not take effect.
Sensor Fail Preset Power (OPFL)
If a failed sensor is detected, the control output(s) default to a preset power output.
OPFL - 0% (OP1 output full “off”) to 100% (OP1 output full “on”)
If the cooling option is installed, the range is extended from:
OPFL - -100% to +100%
At 0% both outputs are off, at 100% OP1 is on and OP2 is off, and at -100%
OP2 is on and OP1 is off. The alarm outputs always have an up-scale drive
(+9999), independent of this setting, for failed sensor.
For position mode valve controllers, the valve is positioned according to the setting of this parameter.
For velocity mode valve controllers, the following actions occur:
Velocity mode: OPFL = 0%, valve CLOSE output activates
OPFL = 100%, valve OPEN output activates
OPFL = any other setting, both valve outputs disable
25
Output Power Dampening (OPdP)
The output power calculated by the PID controller can be dampened
(filtered) to reduce the controller output activity. Those processes with high gain and/or derivative times or those processes with a relatively high noise content can benefit from the dampening action.
OPdP - 0 to 250 seconds
The dampening parameter is expressed as a time constant in seconds.
Increasing the value increases the dampening or filtering effect. A value of zero disables output power dampening. The amount of dampening to be used depends primarily on the response time of the process and the amount of final actuator activity desired. Generally, dampening times in the range of 1/20 to
1/50 of the controller’s integral time (or process time constant) prove to be effective. Dampening times longer than these may cause controller instability due to the added lag effect of too much filtering.
In the case where a relatively high dampening time is desired, the controller’s proportional band may be increased to restore an adequate stability margin. The Auto-tune procedure of the controller sets the dampening value appropriate to the characteristics of the process.
ON/OFF Control Hysteresis Band (CHYS)
The controller can be placed in the ON/OFF control mode by setting the proportional band to 0.0%. The control hysteresis value affects only the main control output (OP1).
CHYS - 1 to 250 degrees
The hysteresis band should be set to a minimum value to eliminate output chatter at the setpoint. Generally, 2° to 5° is sufficient for this purpose. Set the hysteresis band to a sufficient level prior to invoking Auto-Tune. Internal cascade controllers, secondary loop, have a fixed hysteresis of 1.5% of scaled range.
Auto-Tune Dampening Code (tcod)
Prior to invoking Auto-Tune, the dampening code should be set to achieve the desired dampening level under PID control. After Auto-tune is complete, changes to “tcod” parameter have no effect until Auto-tune is re-started.
When set to 0, this yields the fastest process response with possible overshoot. A setting of 4 yields the slowest response with the least amount of overshoot. Dampening codes of 0 or 1 are recommended for most thermal processes.
Figure 14, Dampening Code
26
Linear DC Analog Output (ANAS, ANLO, ANHI, ANdb, ANUt)
(Optional)
The Linear DC output can be programmed to transmit one of the following controller parameters:
ASSIGN DC OUTPUT (ANAS):
OP
INP dEV
SP dE-2
SP-2
- Percent output power
- Scaled input process value
- Process setpoint deviation
- Process setpoint value
- Process deviation of secondary loop (Internal Cascade only)
- Process setpoint of secondary loop (Internal Cascade only)
With high and low digital scaling points, the range of the Linear DC output can be set independent of the controller’s range. This allows interfacing directly with chart recorders, remote indicators, slave controllers, or linear power control units.
ANLO (4 mA or 0 VDC)
ANHI (20 mA or 10 VDC) -
-999 to 9999
-999 to 9999
Linear DC output deadband (ANdb) and linear DC output update time
(ANUt) parameters are additional parameters used for control purposes
(ANAS=OP). The deadband parameter requires that the output power, in percent, must change more than the deadband amount in order for the output to update. A value of 0.0 disables the deadband action. The linear output update time updates the output at the time interval specified. A value of 0 seconds updates the output at the controller’s scan rate (10/sec). In the manual mode of operation both parameters are overridden. The front panel indicator
OP1 and main output can be disabled by setting the time proportioning cycle time equal to zero (CyCt = 0).
Note: Valve Position controllers disable the “OPEN” and “CLOSE” outputs when the linear DC output is assigned to output power. In this case, the slidewire feedback signal may be used to verify valve position.
ANdb
ANUt
- 0.0 to 25.0%
- 0 to 250 seconds
For setpoint transmission, (external cascade control used with another controller), the controller transmits the instantaneous ramping setpoint, not the target value, when the controller is ramping the setpoint.
For models with Remote Setpoint, the linear output transmits the active setpoint (local or remote).
27
Example: Chart Record Process Display Value (0 to 10 VDC):
The process range is 300-700. Programming 300 for ANLO (0 VDC value) and 700 for ANHI (10 VDC value) yields full scale deflection for a chart recorder (0 to 10 VDC). The 0 to 10 VDC output is assigned to transmit the input reading (ANAS = INP).
Example: Linear Control Output (4 to 20 mA)
A linear DC input power control unit is used for process control. An output control deadband of ± 2.0% and an output update time of 10 seconds is desired. The following set-up values illustrate the configuration:
ANAS
ANLO
ANHI
ANdb
ANUt
= OP
= 0.0%
= 100.0%
= 2.0%
= 10 seconds
Figure 15, Linear DC Output
Lockouts Module (3-LC)
The controller can be programmed to limit operator access to various parameters, control modes, and display contents. The configuration of the lockouts is grouped into three sections: Lower Display Lockouts, Protected
Mode Lockouts and Hidden Mode Lockouts.
Lower Display Lockouts (SP, OP, HCur, IN-2, dEv, UdSP)
The contents of the secondary display can be changed in the normal display mode by successively pressing the DSP button. This action scrolls through the possible display parameters, when enabled.
The parameters can be set for one of the following:
LOC (Lockout) rEd (Read only)
Ent (Entry)
- Prevents the parameter from appearing in the secondary display.
- Parameter appears, but cannot be modified.
- Parameter appears and can be modified.
The lower display content possibilities are:
SP
OP*
IN-2*
HCur* dEv*
UdSP
- Setpoint Value
- % Output Power
- Second analog input (Remote setpoint)
- Heater current reading
- Setpoint Deviation
- Temperature Units
If all parameters are set to lock “LOC”, the display remains on the last parameter that was viewed.
*Note: These parameters are model specific and may not appear in the programming sequence.
Note: If a parameter is active in the lower display and is then subsequently locked out, press “DSP” once in the normal display mode to remove it from the display.
Protected Mode Lockouts (Code, PID, PID2, rtbS & AL)
The protected mode is active when program disable is active. The parameters in the protected mode can be set for one of the following modes:
LOC (Lockout) rEd (Read only)
Ent (Entry)
- Prevents the parameter from appearing in the protected mode.
- Parameter appears, but cannot be modified.
- Parameter appears and can be modified.
28
The code number allows access to the unprotected mode. To enter the unprotected mode from the protected mode, the code number entered must match the code number entered here. See Front Panel Program Disable, page
12, for a description of the various program access levels.
Code
PID
PID2 rtbS
AL
- 0 to 250
- Permits access to the main PID parameters
- Permits access to the secondary PID parameters
- Permits access to Remote Setpoint ratio and bias parameters
- Permits access to the alarm value(s).
Hidden Mode Lockouts (ALrS, trnF, tUNE and SPSL)
The hidden mode is accessible from the normal display mode by pressing and holding the PAR button for three seconds. The parameters can be set for:
LOC (Lockout)
ENbL (Enable)
- Prevents the parameter from appearing in the hidden mode.
- Allows operator to perform the selected hidden mode function.
The functions available in the hidden mode are accessible independent of the status of program disable.
ALrS
SPSL trnf tUNE
- Reset (override) the alarm output(s).
- Select Local or Remote Setpoint operation.
- Select Automatic or Manual operation.
- Invoke or cancel Auto-Tune.
Alarm Module (4-AL) (Optional)
The controller may be optionally fitted with the dual alarm option (AL1 and AL2). Some models are equipped only with a single alarm (AL1). One of three types of output modules (Relay, Logic/SSR Drive or Triac) must be ordered separately and installed into the appropriate alarm channel socket.
The output modules may be replaced or interchanged (with appropriate wiring considerations) at any time without re-programming the controller.
With an open sensor, in most alarm configuration modes, the alarm outputs are up-scale drive (+9999) and with a shorted sensor (RTD only) they are down-scale drive (-9999). The alarm values can be accessed in configuration module (4-AL), the unprotected mode, and in the protected mode, if not locked.
A front panel annunciator illuminates to indicate that the alarm output is on
(AL1 for alarm 1 and AL2 for alarm 2).
Note: When deviation low-acting with positive alarm value (d-LO), deviation high-acting with negative value (d-HI), or Band inside-acting (b-IN) is selected for the alarm action, the indicator is “OFF” when the alarm output is
“ON”. These alarm modes latch the outputs when the output is “ON”, when selected for latched operation.
Caution: In applications where equipment or material damage, or risk to personnel due to controller malfunction could occur, an independent and redundant temperature limit indicator with alarm outputs is strongly recommended. Red Lion Controls model IMT (thermocouple) or model IMR
(RTD) units may be used for this purpose. The indicators should have input sensors and AC power feeds independent from the other equipment.
Alarm Action (Act1, Act2)
The alarm(s) may be independently configured for one of the following modes:
Absolute High Acting (A-Hi)
Absolute Low Acting (A-LO)
Deviation High Acting (d-Hi)
Deviation Low Acting (d-LO)
Band Inside Acting (b-in)
Band Outside Acting (b-Ot)
Relative to Setpoint
(Local or Remote)
Second Analog Input Alarm
On models equipped with the Second Analog Input, the alarm(s) may be configured to monitor the second input reading in addition to the main input.
Refer to the corresponding alarm operation figures for operation modes.
Note that deviation and band alarm modes are only valid for Internal
Cascade operation.
Absolute High Acting -2 (A2Hi)
Absolute Low Acting -2 (A2LO)
Deviation High Acting -2 (d2Hi)
Deviation Low Acting -2 (d2LO)
Band Inside Acting -2 (b2in)
Band Outside Acting -2 (b2Ot)
Relative to SP-2, Second
Input (Internal Cascade)
Heater Break Alarm (HcUr)
On models equipped with Heater Current Monitor, either alarm can be configured as a heater break alarm (Act1 or Act2 = HCur). This alarm mode is useful to provide early detection of heater element failure before significant process errors occur. In this alarm mode, the usual temperature alarm function is disabled. The alarm triggers under two conditions:
1. The main control output (OP1) is “ON” and the heater current reading is below the alarm value.
This alarm action indicates a failed or advanced age heater element.
2. The main control output (OP1) is “OFF” and the heater current reading is above 10% of the alarm value.
This alarm action indicates a current leakage through the final actuator.
The heater break alarm value should be set in the region 10% - 20% below the normal heater current reading. This allowance is necessary to compensate for drops in line voltage and for temperature dependence in heater current draw.
Valve Fail Alarm (VFAL)
On models equipped with Valve Positioner (Position mode control only),
Alarm #1 may be configured as a valve fail alarm (Act1 = valv). This alarm mode is useful to provide early detection of valve failure before significant process errors occur. In this mode, the usual temperature alarm function is disabled.
29
The alarm triggers under the two following conditions:
1. The valve slidewire feedback position does not match the controller output power (within the valve position deadband) after the valve fail time has expired. The alarm indicates that the valve cannot be properly positioned due to a malfunction of the valve or valve positioner.
2. The slidewire feedback signal is broken or out of range. In this case, the valve position controller cannot position the valve.
Message display alarms “valv” and “slid” appear when conditions 1 and 2 occur, respectively, whether or not the alarm is configured as a valve fail alarm. This alarm mode also applies to linear DC output used for valve positioning. In this case, a slidewire signal must be supplied to the controller for valve fail detection. To silence a triggered Valve Fail alarm, see Valve
Fail Time Alarm (VFAL) parameter, page 39.
The alarm action figures describe the status of the alarm output and the front panel indicator for various over/under temperature conditions. (See
Output Module “OUTPUT ON” State Table, page 6, for definitions, under
installing output modules section.) The alarm output wave form is shown with the output in the automatic reset mode.
Note: Select the alarm action with care. In some configurations, the front panel indicator (LED) might be “OFF” while the output is “ON”.
30
31
32
Alarm Reset (rSt1, rSt2)
Each alarm reset action may be independently configured.
LAtC - Latching
Auto - Automatic
Latched alarms require operator acknowledgment to reset the alarm condition. The front panel buttons can be used to reset an alarm when the
controller is in the hidden mode (see Hidden Function Mode, page 21). An
Alarm condition may also be reset via the RS485 serial interface or by the user input. Automatic (Auto) reset alarms are reset by the controller when the
alarm condition clears. Figure 16, Alarm Reset Sequence, depicts the reset
types.
Alarm Standby Delay (Stb1, Stb2)
The alarm(s) may be independently configured to exhibit a power-on, standby delay which suppresses the alarm output from turning “ON” until the temperature first stabilizes outside the alarm region. After this condition is satisfied, the alarm standby delay is canceled and the alarm triggers normally,
until the next controller power-on. Figure 17, Alarm Standby Delay Sequence
depicts a typical operation sequence.
Figure 16, Alarm Reset Sequence
33
Figure 17, Alarm Standby Sequence
Alarm Value (AL-1, AL-2)
The alarm values are either absolute (absolute alarms) or relative to the setpoint value (deviation and band alarms). An absolute alarm value is the value that is entered. A relative alarm value is offset from the temperature setpoint value by the amount entered and tracks the setpoint value as it is changed.
AL-1 and AL-2 - -999 to 9999
If the alarm action is set as a Band Alarm, then only a positive value can be entered.
AL-1 and AL-2 - 0 to 9999
Alarm Hysteresis (AHYS)
The alarm(s) values have a programmable hysteresis band to prevent alarm output chatter near the alarm trigger temperature. The hysteresis value should be set to eliminate this effect. A value of 2° to 5° is usually sufficient for most applications. A single alarm hysteresis value applies to both alarms. See the
alarm action figures, page 29, for the effect of hysteresis on the various alarm
types.
AHYS - 1 to 250 degrees
Cooling Output Module (5-02) (Optional)
The optional secondary output (OP2) operates as an independent cooling output for systems that use heating and cooling. One of the three types of output modules (Relay, Logic/SSR Drive or Triac) must be ordered separately and installed into the cooling channel socket. The output modules may be replaced or interchanged (with appropriate wiring considerations) at any time without re-programming the controller.
The front panel indicator OP2 illuminates when the cooling output is on.
(See Output Module “OUTPUT ON” State Table, page 6, for definition,
under installing output modules section). Cooling output power is defined as ranging from -100% (full cooling) to 0% (no cooling, unless a heat-cool band overlap is used).
Cooling Cycle Time (CYC2)
A value of 0 turns off the cooling output, independent of cooling power demand.
CYC2 - 0 to 250 seconds
Cooling Relative Gain (GAN2)
This parameter defines the gain of the cooling band relative to the heating band. A value of 0.0 places the cooling output into ON/OFF control mode with the Heat-Cool parameter (db-2) becoming the cooling output hysteresis.
This may be done independent of the main output control mode (PID or
ON/OFF). Relative gain is generally set to balance the effects of cooling to that of heating for best control.
GAN2 - 0.0 to 10.0
Example: If 10 KW of heating and 5 KW of cooling is available, initially set
the cooling gain to (2.0). Figure 18, Heat/Cool Operation illustrates the
effect of different gains.
34
Heat-Cool Overlap/Deadband (db-2)
This parameter defines the area in which both heating and cooling are active (negative value) or the deadband area between the bands (positive value). The parameter units are degrees or tenth’s of degrees (depending on system resolution). If a heat/cool overlap is specified, the displayed percent output power is the sum of the heat power (OP1) and the cool power (OP2).
db-2 - -999 to 9999
If cooling relative gain is zero, the cooling output operates in the ON/OFF mode, with this parameter becoming the cooling output hysteresis (positive value only). The Heat/Cool Operation Figures illustrate the effects of different deadbands.
Figure 18, Heat/Cool Operation (db=0)
Figure 19, Heat/Cool Operation (db>0)
Figure 20, Heat/Cool Operation (db<0)
In practice with the cooling output, observe the controlled temperature characteristics and if the temperature remains above setpoint with a sluggish return, increase the cooling gain. Similarly, if the temperature drops too sharply with an overall saw-tooth pattern, decrease the cooling gain. Alter the heat-cool overlap until a smooth response in the controlled temperature is observed during band transition.
Serial Communications Module (6-SC) (Optional)
When communicating with a TCU unit via the serial port, the data formats of both units must be identical. A print operation occurs when the user input, programmed for the print request function is activated, when a “P” command is sent via the serial communications port, or after the time expires for the automatic print rate, if enabled. Serial communication is covered in detail in
RS485 Serial Communications, page 48.
Baud Rate (bAUd)
The available baud rates are:
300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, or 9600
Parity Bit (PArb)
Parity can be odd, even, or no parity.
Address Number (Addr)
Multiple units connected on the same RS485 interface line must each have a different address number. A value of 0 does not require the address specifier command, when communicating with the TCU. The address numbers range from 0 to 99.
Abbreviated or Full Transmission (Abrv)
When transmitting data, the TCU can be programmed to suppress the address number, mnemonics, units, and some spaces by selecting YES. An example of abbreviated and full transmission are shown below:
NO - 6 SET 123.8F<CR> <LF> Full Transmission
YES - 123.8<CR> <LF> Abbreviated Transmission
Print Rate (PrAt)
The TCU can be programmed to automatically transmit the selected print options at the programmed print rate. Selecting 0 (zero) disables the automatic print rate feature.
PrAt - 0 to 9999 seconds
35
Print Options (PoPt)
Selecting YES for the print options allows the operator to scroll through the available options using the PAR button. The up and down arrow keys toggle between “yes” and “no” with “yes” enabling the option to be printed when a print function occurs.
INP - Print Input Temperature Value
SEt - Print Setpoint Value
OPr - Print % Output Power Value
Pbd - Print % Proportional Band Value
INt - Print Integral Time Value dEr - Print Derivative Time Value
AL1 - Print Alarm 1 Value
AL2 - Print Alarm 2 Value dEv - Print Deviation From Setpoint Value
OFP - Print % Output Power Offset Value r-P - Print Setpoint Ramp Rate Value
Crg - Print Cooling Relative Gain Value
Cdb - Print Cooling Deadband
OSt - Print Output Status rAt - Print Remote Setpoint Ratio bIA - Print Remote Setpoint Bias rSP - Print Remote Setpoint Reading
IN2 - Print Second Input Reading
Pb2 - Print Proportional Band #2
It2 dt2
- Print Integral Time #2
- Print Derivative Time #2
SP2 - Print Internal Cascade Directed Setpoint
HCr - Print Heater Current Reading
Second Analog Input Module (7-2n) (Optional)
The Second Analog Input can be configured as a Remote Setpoint Input or as a Secondary Input for Internal Cascade control. As a Remote Setpoint, the controller can operate as an External Cascade controller, Setpoint Slave
controller and as a Ratio controller. See Cascade Control, page 60, for an
overview of cascade control.
Operation mode (OPEr)
The Second Analog Input must be configured for either Remote Setpoint
Operation or Internal Cascade Operation (single controller cascade).
rSP - Remote Setpoint
CSCd - Internal Cascade
Square Root Linearization (root)
In some cases it may be necessary to linearize the Second Analog input by use of the square root function.
Selection of ‘yES’ results in the square root linearization of the Second
Analog Input (only). Selection of ‘NO’, results in linear scaling. The square root linearization exhibits a 3% low cut point (17% of scaled reading) to eliminate reading jitter at low flow rates. The following example illustrates the scaling of the Second Analog Input with square root linearization .
Example: It is necessary to square root linearize the output of a differential pressure transmitter to indicate and control flow. The defining equation is
F = 278 D p, where D P = 0 - 500 PSI, transmitted linearly by a 4 - 20 mA transducer. At full flow rate ( D P = 500 PSI), the flow is 6216 ft following scaling information is used with the controller:
3
/h. The dCP2 root dSP1
INP1 dSP2
INP2
= 0
= yES
=
= 4.00 mA
=
0 Ft
3
/hr
6216 Ft
3
/hr
= 20.00 mA
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Square Root Linearization (root) (Cont’d)
As a result of the scaling and square root linearization, the following represents the readings at various inputs:
Delta P
(PSI)
0.00
15.63
31.25
62.50
125.00
187.50
250.00
312.50
375.00
437.50
500.00
Transmitter
(mA)
4.00
4.50
5.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
Flow
(Ft
3
hr
)
0
1099
1554
2198
3108
3807
4396
4914
5383
5815
6216
Decimal Point Position (dPt2)
For Remote Setpoint operation, the decimal point position is normally programmed to be the same as the main input. For Internal Cascade operation, the decimal point may be different from the main input.
Example:
If main input = 500 degrees FS,
Second Input = 15.00 PSI FS, then dCPt = 0 and dPt2 = 0.00.
Second Analog Input Scaling Points (dSP1, INP1, dSP2, INP2)
Prior to installing and operating the indicator, it may be necessary to change the scaling to suit the display units particular to the application.
The indicator is unique in that two different scaling methods are available.
The operator may choose the method that yields the easier or more accurate calibration. The two scaling procedures are similar in that the operator keys in the display values and either keys in or applies a signal value that corresponds to those display value points. The location of the scaling points should be near the process end limits, for the best possible accuracy.
Once these values are programmed, the indicator calculates the slope and intercept of the signal/display graph automatically. No span/zero interaction occurs, making scaling a one-pass exercise.
37
Before programming the indicator, organize all the data for the programming steps to avoid confusion.
To scale the indicator, two signal values and two display values that correspond to the signal values must be known. These four values are used to complete the scaling operation. An example is listed below.
Example:
Scaling Point #1
0.00% @ 4.00 mA AND
Scaling Point #2
100.0% @ 20.00 mA
Display Values (dSP1 & dSP2)
Key-in the display value for Scaling Point 1 and Scaling Point 2.
dSP1 -999 to 9999 (Ex. 0.0%) dSP2 -999 to 9999 (Ex. 100.0%)
Signal Input Values (INP1 & INP2)
The signal input value can either be keyed via the front panel buttons or an input signal can be applied to the appropriate signal input terminals. Initially, the unit is in the key-in mode.
Key-in Method
Key-in the signal value for Scaling Point 1 and Scaling Point 2.
INP1
INP2
-999 to 9999 (Ex. 4.00 mA DC)
-999 to 9999 (Ex. 20.00 mA DC)
Signal Input Method
To change to the apply signal method press the DSP button. Front panel annunciators %PW and SEC flash and the display indicates the signal value applied to the input terminals. The unit can be toggled to the key-in method by pressing the DSP button again.
When the desired value is indicated on the display, press the PAR button to store the value and advance to the next parameter.
The scaling of the Remote Setpoint and Internal Cascade units are normally made equal to the physical range of the system.
Example: If the temperature control range of the process is 100 to 400 degrees, the Remote Setpoint is normally scaled to 100 and 400 degrees.
Example: The Secondary variable under internal cascade control is steam pressure over the range of 0.00 to 60.00 PSI. The Second Analog input is normally scaled to 0.00 and 60.00 units.
Local/Remote Setpoint Transfer Modes (SPtr)
When switching from/to Local or Remote Setpoint, the response of the controller can be programmed to act in a variety of ways.
These responses apply to changes in setpoint mode from the controller’s front panel, User Input or Serial communications. The table summarizes the responses for Setpoint transfer operation:
SPtr parameter
nor
Auto trAC
Local to Remote
- Output may bump.
- No output bump. Process error eliminated at rate of integral action.
- Output may bump.
Remote to Local
Output may bump.
No output bump. Process error eliminated at rate of integral action.
Local setpoint assumes value of Remote setpoint
(tracks). No output bump.
Note: In situations where an output bump may occur, the setpoint ramp function (SPrP) can be used to reduce or eliminate bumping when switching setpoint modes. The setpoint ramp feature ramps the setpoint from the old setpoint mode to the new setpoint mode. After the initial ramp has been completed, the active setpoint (Local or Remote) remains in the setpoint ramp mode.
Secondary Output Power Dampening (OPd2)
The output power of the secondary loop (Internal Cascade) can be dampened (filtered) independent of the primary loop. The secondary output power is the actual output of the controller. The primary output power
(setpoint to the secondary) is dampened by the OPdP parameter. The secondary output power is dampened by the OPd2 parameter.
38
Valve Positioner Module (8-VP)
The Valve Positioner controller must be configured to operate in either
Position Mode or Velocity Mode. Position Mode requires a slidewire feedback signal from the valve or valve positioner. Velocity Mode does not
require a slidewire feedback signal. See Valve Position Option, page 58, for
an overview of valve position control.
Valve Position 1 And Valve Position 2 (VPS1, VPS2)
The full closed valve position and the full open valve position are represented by parameters VPS1 and VPS2, respectively. These values are expressed as a percentage of the valve open position. They do not represent slidewire resistance. Normally, for position mode control, VPS1 = 0.0% and
VPS2 = 100.0%. In some processes, it may be necessary to limit the range over which the controller positions the valve. In such a case, VPS1 defines the minimum open position and VPS2 defines the maximum open position. The controller then scales the valve position values to represent 0 and 100% output power. In this way the valve is confined to work over a smaller portion of its total range.
Setting both parameters to 0.0% engages velocity mode control. Slidewire feedback is not required for velocity mode. Additionally, slightly different controller parameters are required for this mode.
For position mode control, there are several ways to determine the valve position values:
1) Position the valve to the closed or open positions (by use of the controller or manually) and have the controller measure and record these positions. To engage this mode, press the DSP button while either VPS1 or VPS2 parameters are called. %PW and DEV annunciators flash to indicate this mode. The valve may then be positioned directly through the use of the front panel UP and DOWN buttons. The UP button causes the valve to move open and the DOWN button causes the valve to move closed.
Simultaneously, the controller indicates the slidewire position. After the valve has been moved to the desired position (by use of the button and observing the display), press PAR to record the position. This technique is preferred because it compensates for leadwire resistance errors.
2) Use the specifications provided by the valve manufacturer. Divide the closed and open position resistance values by the total slidewire resistance to yield percentage values. Directly key-in the values as a percentage.
Valve Position 1 And Valve Position 2 (VPS1, VPS2) (Cont’d)
3) Measure the resistance of the open and closed positions and divide by the total slidewire resistance to yield percentage values. Directly key-in the percentage values.
Valve Update Time (VUdt) (Position And Velocity Mode)
The valve update time is the time interval in which the valve position outputs are updated. The update time may be increased to reduce valve activity. Valve update times up to 1/10 of the integral time (or process time constant) may be used with good results. Longer update times may adversely affect control quality. The update time is variable from 0 to 250 seconds. A value of zero causes the valve position to be updated at the controller’s scan rate (10/sec).
Valve Position Deadband (VPdb) (Position Mode)
The difference between the power output and the slidewire valve position must exceed the deadband in order for the controller to update the valve position. Normally, the deadband is set to a minimum to compensate for valve motor overrun and gearing backlash to eliminate hunting. Deadband values that are too large may result in excessive errors. Values that are too small may result in excessive hunting. The Output Power Dampening (OPdP) parameter can also be used to reduce valve activity. Typically set in the range of 1 to 3%.
Valve Fail Time Alarm (VFAL) (Position Mode)
The valve fail time is the maximum time allowed in which the slidewire feedback signal must match the output power before an error message appears. If this condition is not met, a valve sentry alarm message appears
(“VALV” in display), indicating a failed valve or failed valve positioner.
Optionally, an alarm can be configured to provide an output event (see Alarm
Action, page 29). This feature also applies to valve positioning with linear DC
output. The fail time must be set, at a minimum, larger than the Valve Update
Time together with the valve motor transit time. A value of zero disables the valve fail feature. An active valve fail alarm is silenced in these ways:
1) Set the valve fail time to 0
2) The output power and slidewire signals subsequently agree.
3) Cycle power to the controller.
Valve Motor Open Time And Valve Motor Close Time (VOPt, VCLt)
(Velocity mode)
For velocity mode control, the valve motor open transit time (VOPt) and valve motor close transit time (VCLt) must be known. In many cases, these transit times differ from the valve specification. The actual transmit times under load are normally measured for best results. In some cases, the open and close times may be different. The transit time range is 1 to 9999 seconds.
Valve Minimum On Time (VONt)(Velocity Mode)
As a result of the pulsed-type algorithm used in velocity mode control, a minimum on-time pulse threshold is required for proper valve control. The control does not update the outputs until the calculated on-time pulse exceeds this value. Normally, set this value to the minimum on-time of the valve motor. If not given, or otherwise unsuitable, set this value approximately equal to 2.0 to 5.0% of valve open or valve close time. The minimum on-time range is 0.1 to 25.0 seconds.
Factory Service Operations Module (9-FS)
The Factory Service Operations are programming functions which are performed on an infrequent basis. They include: controller calibration, and reset programming to factory configuration setting. Given the ramifications of these operations, access to each is protected by an access code number.
Entering code 66 restores all parameters to factory settings, the unit indicates the operation after the PAR button is pressed, by displaying “rSEt” in the lower display momentarily. The calibration operations are detailed in
39
Reference Table: Configuration Parameter Module
Configure Module 1 - Input Parameters (1-IN)
Display
tYPE
SCAL dCPt
FLtr
SPAN
Parameter
Input type
Temperature
Scale
Temperature resolution
Digital filtering for input signal
Range and Units
(Factory Setting
Value)
tc-t - Type T TC tc-E - Type E TC tc-J - Type J TC tc-k - Type K TC tc-r - Type R TC tc-S - Type S TC tc-b - Type b TC tc-N - Type N TC
LIN - Linear mV display r385 - 385 curve RTD r392 - 392 curve RTD rLIN - Linear ohms display
(tc-J)
°F/°C
( °F)
0 or 0.0
(0)
0 to 4
(1)
0.001 to 9.999
(1.000)
Description/
Comments
If changed, be sure to set the internal jumper to the appropriate position.
(jumper in TC position)
(jumper in RTD position)
If scale is changed, be sure to check all parameters.
If resolution changed, be sure to check all parameters.
Increase number for more filtering effect.
4 = 2/sec display update rate.
Normally set to 1.000.
SHFt
SPLO
Input signal slope
(correction factor)
Input signal offset
(correction shift)
Lower limit setpoint range
-999 to 9999
1 or 0.1 degree
(0)
-999 to 9999
0 or 0.1 degree
(0)
Normally set to 0.
Set low limit below high limit.
40
Display
SPHI
SPrP
InPt
HCur
Parameter
Upper limit setpoint range
Setpoint ramp rate
Range and Units
(Factory Setting
Value)
-999 to 9999
1 or 0.1 degree
(9999)
0.0 to 999.9
degrees/minute
(0.0)
User input
Heater
Current
Monitor
Scale Factor
PLOC - Program disable
ILOC - Integral action on/off trnf - auto/manual select
SPrP - Setpoint ramp rate on/off
ALrS - Reset alarm output(s)
Prnt - print request
SPSL - Remote/Local
Setpoint select
(PLOC)
0.0 to 999.9 amperes
(50.0)
Description/
Comments
Set high limit above low limit.
0.0 is off (no ramping)
This parameter also ramps Remote
Setpoint.
Available on all nonstandard models and on standard models with RS485.
Scale to current transformer rating.
Configure Module 2 - Output Parameters (2-OP)
Display
CYCt
Parameter
Cycle time
Range and Units
(Factory Setting
Value)
0 to 250 seconds
(2)
OPAC Control Action
Description/
Comments
0 turns OP1 off. This parameter does not appear if Valve
Positioner option is installed.
For both PID &
ON/OFF control.
OPLO
OPHI
OPFL
OPdP
CHYS tcod
Output power lower limit range
Output power upper limit range
Sensor fail power preset
Output power dampening
(filtering) time
ON/OFF control hysteresis
Auto-tune dampening mode drct - cooling rEv - heating
(rev)
0% to 100%, OP1
(0)
-100% to 100%,
OP1 & OP2
(-100)
0% to 100%, OP1
(100)
-100% to 100%
OP1 & OP2
(100)
0% to 100%, OP1
-100% to 100%,
OP1 & OP2
(0)
0 to 250 seconds
(3)
1 to 250
1 or 0.1 degree
(1)
0 to 4
(0)
Set OPLO < OPHI
If cooling option is installed.
Set OPHI > OPLO
If cooling option installed.
Set to a value to safely control the process in the event of input sensor failure.
0 = off
(no dampening) Set in range of
1
1
10
50 to of integral time.
Heating side only.
0 = fastest response
4 = slowest response
Display
ANAS
ANLO
ANHI
ANdb
ANUt
Parameter
Linear DC output assignment
Linear DC output low scaling value
Linear DC output high scaling value
Linear DC output deadband
Linear DC update time
Range and Units
(Factory Setting
Value)
OP -% output power
INP - input temp.
SP - setpoint value dEv - deviation dE-2 - Internal
Cascade
Secondary deviation
SP-2 - Internal
Cascade,
Directed
Setpoint
(OP)
-999 to 9999
(0.0)
-999 to 9999
(100.0)
0.0 to 25.0%
(0.0)
0 to 250 seconds
(0)
Description/
Comments
This parameter appears if analog option is installed.
Units depend on
ANAS selection. This parameter appears if analog option is installed.
Units depend on
ANAS selection. This parameter appears if analog option is installed.
Only used when
ANAS=OP.
0.0%= no deadband
Only used when
ANAS=OP.
0 seconds updates output at a rate of
10/sec.
41
Configure Module 3 - Lockout Parameters (3-LC)
Display
SP
OP dEv
IN-2
Hcur
UdSP
Code
PId
Parameter
Range and Units
(Factory Setting
Value)
Setpoint access LOC - lockout
Output power access rED - read only
Ent - enter
(Ent)
LOC - lockout rED - read only
Ent - enter
(Ent)
Deviation
Second Analog input
Heater Current
Units display
Access code
PID values enable
LOC - lockout rEd - read only
(rEd)
LOC - lockout rEd - read only
(rEd)
LOC - lockout rEd - read only
(rEd)
LOC - lockout rEd - read only
(rEd)
0 to 250
(0)
Description/
Comments
Determines access to temperature setpoint.
Determines direct access to output power.
%PW indicator illuminates when parameter is selected in display.
Determines display of deviation. DEV indicator illuminates when parameter is selected in display.
Determines display of
Second Analog input
(Remote Setpoint)
(SEC illuminates)
Determines display of
Heater Current
(CUR illuminates).
Determines display of F or C
Refer to front panel disable section for access levels.
Protected mode lockout.
PId2 Secondary PID values enable
LOC - lockout rEd - read only
Ent - enter
(LOC)
LOC - lockout rEd - read only
Ent - enter
(LOC)
Protected mode lockout.
Cascade only.
42
Display
rtbS
AL
ALrS
SPSL trnF tUNE
Parameter
Remote Setpoint
Ratio & Bias
Alarm values enable
Reset alarms enable
Range and Units
(Factory Setting
Value)
LOC - lockout rEd - read only
Ent - enter
(LOC)
LOC - lockout rEd - read only
Ent - enter
(LOC)
LOC - lockout
ENBL - enable
(LOC)
LOC- lockout
ENBL - enable
Remote/Local setpoint select enable
Automatic/Manual
(user) mode select enable
(LOC)
LOC - lockout
ENBL - enable
(LOC)
Auto-tune enable LOC- lockout
ENBL - enable
(LOC)
Description/
Comments
Remote Setpoint Ratio and Bias values enable
Protected mode lockout
Hidden mode lockout
Hidden mode lockout
Hidden mode lockout
Hidden mode lockout
Configure Module 4 - Alarms (4-AL)
Unit returns to configuration access point if alarm(s) are not installed.
Display
Act1 rSt1
Stb1
AL-1
Parameter
Alarm 1 operation mode
Alarm 1 standby function (delay)
Alarm 1 value
Range and Units
(Factory Setting
Value)
A-HI - absolute high
A-LO - absolute low d-HI - deviation high d-LO - deviation low b-IN - band inside b-ot - band outside
HCur - heater break alarm
Valv - valve fail alarm
A2HI - absolute high, second input
A2LO - absolute low, second input d2HI - deviation high, second input, cascade d2LO - deviation low, second input, cascade b2IN - band in, second input, cascade b2Ot - band out, second input, cascade
(A-HI)
Alarm 1 reset mode Auto - automatic
LAtc - manual reset
(Auto) yes/no
(no)
-999 to 9999
1 or 0.1 degree
(0)
Description/
Comments
If changed, check alarm values.
Manual reset via hidden mode
Power-up standby delay.
If band alarm action, then only a positive value can be entered.
43
Display
Act2 rSt2
Stb2
AL-2
AHYS
Parameter
Alarm 2 operation mode
Range and Units
(Factory Setting
Value)
A-HI - absolute high
A-LO - absolute low d-HI - deviation high d-LO - deviation low b-IN - band inside b-ot - band outside
HCur - heater break alarm
A2HI - absolute high, second input
A2LO - absolute low, second input d2HI - deviation high, second input, cascade d2LO - deviation low, second input, cascade b2IN - band in, second input, cascade
Alarm 2 reset mode Auto - automatic
LAtc - manual reset
Alarm 2 standby function (delay)
Alarm 2 value b2Ot - band out, second input, cascade
(A-HI)
(Auto) yes/no
(no)
-999 to 9999
1 or 0.1 degree
(0)
Alarm Hysteresis value
1 to 250
1 or 0.1 degree
(1)
Description/
Comments
If changed, check alarm values.
Manual reset via hidden mode.
Power-up standby delay.
If band alarm action, then only a positive value can be entered.
Applies to both alarms. Set to eliminate chatter.
Configure Module 5 - Cooling Parameters (5-O2)
Unit returns to configuration access point if cooling option is not installed.
Display
CYC2
GAN2 db-2
Parameter
Cooling output cycle time
Relative cooling gain
Range and Units
(Factory Setting
Value)
0 to 250 sec
(2)
0.0 to 10.0
(1.0)
Heating/cooling overlap-deadband
-999 to 9999
(0)
Description/
Comments
0 turns OP2 off.
0.0 places cooling output into ON/OFF control mode and db-2 becomes hysteresis value.
Positive value is deadband. Negative value is overlap. If
GAN2 = 0, this parameter is cooling
ON/OFF control hysteresis.
44
Configure Module 6 - Serial Communications (6-SC)
Unit returns to configuration access point if RS485 serial option is not installed.
Display
bAUd
PArb
Add
Abr
PrAt
PoPt
INP
SEt
OPr
Pdb
INt dEr
AL1
AL2
Parameter
Baud rate
Parity bit
Unit address
Abbreviated or full transmission
Auto print rate
Print options
Input Temperature
Setpoint yes/no
(yes) yes/no
(yes)
% Output Power
% Proportional Band yes/no
(no)
Integral Time yes/no
(yes)
Derivative Time
Alarm 1
Alarm 2 yes/no
(no) yes/no
(no) yes/no
(no) yes/no
(no)
Range and Units
(Factory Setting
0 to 9999
(0) yes/no
(no)
Value)
300 to 9600
(1200) odd, even, no parity
(odd)
0 to 99
(0) yes/no
(no)
Description/
Comments
Baud rate of unit must match connected equipment.
Parity of unit must match other equipment.
For multiple units, each unit must have a unique address.
Selecting yes, the controller does not transmit mnemonics.
0 disables auto print function
Selecting yes allows print options shown below, to be programmed.
45
Display
dEv
OFP r_P
Crg
Cdb
OSt rAt bIA
Pb2
It2 dt2
RSP
SP2
IN2
HCr
Parameter
Deviation From
Setpoint
Range and Units
(Factory Setting
Value)
yes/no
(no)
% Output Power
Offset yes/no
(no)
Setpoint Ramp Rate yes/no
(no)
Cooling Relative
Gain
Cooling Deadband
Output Status yes/no
(no) yes/no
(no) yes/no
(no) yes/no
(no)
Remote Setpoint
Ratio
Remote Setpoint
Bias
Secondary
Proportional Band
Secondary Integral
Time
Secondary
Derivative Time
Remote Setpoint yes/no
(no) yes/no
(no) yes/no
(no) yes/no
(no)
Secondary Directed
Setpoint yes/no
(no) yes/no
(no)
Second Analog Input yes/no
(no)
Heater Current yes/no
(no)
Description/
Comments
Configure Module 7 - Second Analog Input (7-2N)
Unit returns to configuration access point if Second Analog Input option is not installed.
Display
OPEr root
Parameter
Second Analog
Input operation mode
Square root linearization
Range and Units
(Factory Setting
Value)
CSCd - Internal
Cascade mode rSP - Remote
Setpoint mode
(rSP) yes/no
(no)
Description/
Comments
Remote Setpoint mode also for
External Cascade dPt2 dSP1
INP1 dSP2
INP2
Second Input decimal point position
Second Input scaling point #1 display value
Second input scaling point #1 input value
Second Input scaling point #2 display value
Second input scaling point #2 input value
0, 0.0, 0.00, or 0.000
(0.0)
-999 to 9999
(0.0)
-9.99 to 99.99
(4.00)
-999 to 9999
(100.0)
-9.99 to 99.99
(20.00)
Linearization applies only to the Second
Input
Normally same position as main input for Remote
Setpoint
Normally key-in process low value
Either key-in value or press DSP for measure/record mode
Normally key-in process high value
SPtr
OPd2
Local/Remote
Setpoint transfer action
Secondary output power dampening nor - normal
Auto - automatic trAC - track
(nor)
0 to 250 seconds
(2)
Either key-in value or press DSP for measure/record mode
Applies only to
Remote Setpoint mode.
0=off
46
Configure Module 8 - Valve Positioner (8-VP)
Unit returns to configuration access point if Valve Positioner option is not installed.
Display
VPS1
VPS2
VUdt
VPdb
VFAL
VOPt
VCLt
VOnt
Parameter
Valve position #1
Valve position #2
Valve update time
Valve position deadband
0 to 250 seconds
(10)
0.1 to 25.0%
(2.5)
Valve fail time alarm 0 to 9999 seconds
(0)
Valve motor open time
Valve motor close time
Valve minimum on time
Range and Units
(Factory Setting
Value)
-99.9 to 999.9%
(0.0)
-99.9 to 999.9%
(100.0)
1 to 9999 seconds
(30)
1 to 9999 seconds
(30)
0.1 to 25.0 seconds
(1.0)
Description/
Comments
Normally full closed valve position.
Either key-in value or press DSP for measure/record mode
Normally full open valve position.
Either key-in value or press DSP for measure/record mode
0 = update at a rate of 10/sec.
Adjust to reduce hunting and valve activity (Position mode only)
0=off, set value larger than update time plus motor transit time (Position mode only)
Measure actual valve motor open time (Velocity mode only)
Measure actual valve motor close time (Velocity mode only)
Adjust to reduce hunting and valve activity (Velocity mode only)
Configure Module 9 - Factory Service Operations (9-FS)
Display
Code
Parameter
Enter factory service function code.
Range and Units
(Factory Setting
Value)
48 - Calibrate instrument
66 - Reset parameters to factory settings
Description/
Comments
Refer to Calibration
Section for details.
47
RS485 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE
RS485 communications allows for transmitting and receiving of data over a single pair of wires. This optional feature can be used for monitoring various values, resetting output(s), and changing values, all from a remote location.
Typical devices that are connected to a TCU unit are a printer, a terminal, a programmable controller, or a host computer.
The RS485 differential (balanced) design has good noise immunity and allows for communication distances up to 4,000 feet. Up to thirty-two units can be connected on a pair of wires and a common. The RS485 common is isolated from the controller input signal common to eliminate ground loop problems associated with the input probe. The unit’s address can be programmed from 0 to 99. An optional RLC Serial Converter Module
GCM422 (RS422 to 20 mA current loop) can be installed to expand the unit’s flexibility.
Communication Format
The half-duplex communication operation sends data by switching voltage levels on the common pair of wires. Data is received by monitoring the levels and interpreting the codes that are transmitted. In order for data to be interpreted correctly, there must be identical formats and baud rates between the communicating devices. The formats available for the TCU unit are 1 start bit, 7 data bits, No parity (parity equals extra stop bit) or 1 parity bit (odd or even) and 1 stop bit. The programmable baud rates are; 300, 600, 1200, 2400,
4800, or 9600 baud.
Before serial communication can take place, the unit must be programmed to the same baud rate and parity as the connected equipment. In addition, the loop address number and print options should be known. When used with a terminal or host computer and only one unit is employed, an address of zero may be used to eliminate the requirement for the address specifier when sending a command. If more than one unit is on the line, each unit should be assigned a different address number.
Sending Commands And Data
When sending commands to a TCU unit, a command string must be constructed. The command string may consist of command codes, value identifiers, and numerical data. Below is a list of commands and value identifiers that are used when communicating with the TCU unit.
Command
N (4EH)
P (50H)
R (52H)
T (54H)
C (43H)
V (56H)
Description
Address command: Followed by a one or two digit address number 0-99.
Transmit print options command; Transmits the options selected in the Program Options (PoPt) section.
Reset command; Followed by one of the Value Identifiers
(G or H).
Transmit value command; Followed by one of the Value
Identifiers
(A-M, O, Q, W-Z, AA, BB, or HC).
Control action command; Followed by the Value Identifier
(S or U) and number.
Change value command: Followed by one Value Identifier
(B-H, J-M, O, Q, or X-Z), then the proper numerical data.
Figure 21, 10 Bit Data Format
48
Sending Commands And Data (Cont’d)
K
L
M
O
I
J
G
H
Q
S
E
F
C
D
A
B
VALUE
IDENTIFIER
U
Y
Z
W
X
AA
BB
HC
DESCRIPTION
Temperature Display Value
Setpoint
Output Power
Proportional Band
Integral Time
Derivative Time
Alarm 1
Alarm 2
Deviation
Output Power Offset
Setpoint Ramp Rate
Cooling Relative Gain
Cooling Deadband
Remote Setpoint Ratio
Remote Setpoint Bias
Controller Mode
AL1
AL2
DEV
OFP
RMP
CRG
CDB
RAT
SERIAL
MNEMONIC
TMP
SET
PWR
PBD
INT
DER
BIA
1 - Automatic
2 - Manual
(User)
Setpoint Mode 1 - Local
2 - Remote
Output status* OST
Secondary Proportional Band PB2
Secondary Integral Time
Secondary Derivative Time
Second Input Reading
Remote Setpoint Reading or
Secondary Directed Setpoint
Heater Current Reading**
IT2
DT2
IN2
RSP or
SP2
HCR
U
U
S
S
U
%
A
Output status transmission format = ABCD (0=output off, 1=output on)
** Interrogation of heater current value before the controller has taken a
valid heater current reading results in overload value (###.##). The heater current reading printout is the last valid reading taken.
Note: The % output power can be changed only if the controller is in the manual mode of operation.
UNITS
R
G
F/C
%
F/C
R
U
F/C
F/C
%
%
S
S
F/C
F/C
* The output status indicates the status of the controller’s outputs. The status
can only be read (see the following table). The alarms outputs may be reset by the reset operator(R).
Output Status
NON-VALVE POSITIONER
MODELS
VALVE POSITIONER MODELS
A = Main output (OP1) A = Alarm 1 output (AL1)
B = Cooling output (OP2) B = 0
C = Alarm 2 output (AL2) C = Motor close output (CLS)
D = Alarm 1 output (AL1) D = Motor open output (OPN)
Example:
OP1 = ON, OP2 = OFF, AL2 = OFF, AL1 = ON
Transmission = “ OST 1001”
Note: The % output power can be changed only if the controller is in the manual mode of operation.
The command string is constructed by using a command, a value identifier, and a data value if required. The Data value need not contain the decimal point since it is fixed within the unit, when programmed at the front panel. The TCU accepts the decimal point, however it does not interpret them in any way. Leading zeros can be eliminated, but all trailing zeros must be present.
Example: If an alarm value of 750.0 is to be sent, the data value can be transmitted as 750.0 or 7500. If a 750 is transmitted, the alarm value changes to 75.0 in the unit.
The address command allows a transmission string to be directed to a specific unit on the serial communications line. When the unit address is zero, transmission of the address command is not required. For applications that require several units, it is recommended that each unit on the line be assigned a specific address.
If they are assigned the same address, a Transmit Value Command causes all the units to respond simultaneously, resulting in a communication collision. The command string is constructed in a specific logical sequence. The TCU does not accept command strings that do not follow this sequence. Only one operation can be performed per command string.
49
The following procedure should be used when constructing a command string.
1. The first two to three characters of the command string must consist of the
Address Command (N) and the address number of the unit (0-99). If the unit address is zero, the address command and number need not be sent.
2. The next character in the command string is the command that the unit is to perform (P, R, T, C, or V).
3. A Value Identifier is next if it pertains to the command. The command P
(print) does not require a Value Identifier.
4. The numerical data is next in the command string if the “Change Value” or
“Control Action” command is used.
5. All command strings must be terminated with an asterisk * (2AH). This character indicates to the unit that the command string is complete and the unit begins processing the command.
Below are typical examples of command strings.
Example: Change Proportional Band Value to 13.0% on the unit with an address of 2.
Command String: N2VD130*
Example: Transmit the Temperature Value of the unit with an address of 3.
Command String: N3TA*
Example: Reset Alarm Output 1 of the unit with an address of 0.
Command String: RG*
If illegal commands or characters are sent to the TCU, the string must be re-transmitted.
Figure 22, Timing Diagrams
When writing application programs in BASIC, the transmission of spaces or carriage return and line feed should be inhibited by using the semicolon delimiter with the “PRINT” statement. The unit does not accept a carriage return or line feed as valid characters. See Terminal Emulation Program,
page 53, for a listing of an IBM
®
PC BASIC terminal emulation program.
It is recommended that a “Transmit Value” command follow a “Change
Value” Command. If this is done, the reception of the data can provide a timing reference for sending another command and insures that the change has occurred. When a “Change Value or Reset” command is sent to the unit,
there is time required for the unit to process the command string. Figure 22,
Timing Diagrams, shows the timing considerations that need to be made.
50
Receiving Data
Data is transmitted from the TCU when a “T” Transmit Value or a “P”
Transmit Print Options command is sent to the unit via the serial port. Data is also transmitted when the User Input, programmed for the Print Request function, is activated. The print rate feature allows the selected print options to be transmitted at a programmable rate over the serial port. The format for a
typical transmission string with mnemonics is shown in Figure 23, Typical
Transmission String:
Figure 23, Typical Transmission String
The first two digits transmitted are the unit address. If the unit address is 0, the first two digits are blank. A space follows the unit address digits. The next three characters are the mnemonics followed by one or more blank spaces.
The numerical data value is transmitted next followed by the identifying units. Negative values are indicated by a “-” sign.
The decimal point position “floats” within the data field depending on the actual value it represents. The numeric data is right justified without leading zeros.
When a “T” command or print request is issued, the above character string is sent for each line of a block transmission. An extra <SP><CR><LF> is transmitted following the last line of transmission from a print request, to provide separation between print-outs.
If abbreviated transmission is selected, only numeric data is sent. If abbreviated transmission is not selected, the unit transmits mnemonics and the numeric data.
If more than one string is transmitted there is a 100 msec minimum to 200 msec maximum built-in time delay after each transmission string and after each block of transmission. When interfacing to a printer, sending mnemonics are usually desirable. Examples of transmissions are shown:
51
1 TMP 500F<CR><LF>100 - 200 msec
1 SET 525F<CR><LF>100 - 200 msec
Mnemonics Sent
1 PWR 20%<SP><CR><LF><SP><CR><LF>100 - 200 msec
-673.5<CR><LF>100 - 200 msec No Mnemonics Sent
The Print Options provide a choice of which TCU data values are to be transmitted. The TCU transmits the Print Options when either the User Input, programmed for the print request function is activated, a “P” (Transmit Print
Options) command is sent to the TCU via the serial port, or the Automatic
Print Rate is set for a specific time. The Print Options are programmed in the
Serial Communications Module (6-SC) with the available options:
1. Print Display Temperature Value.
2. Print Setpoint Value.
3. Print % Output Power Value.
4. Print % Proportional Band Value.
5. Print Integral Time Value.
6. Print Derivative Time Value.
7. Print Alarm 1 Value.
8. Print Alarm 2 Value.
9. Print Deviation From Setpoint Value.
10. Print % Output Power Offset Value.
11. Print Setpoint Ramp Rate Value.
12. Print Cooling Relative Gain Value.
13. Print Cooling Deadband Value.
14. Print Output Status
15. Print Remote Setpoint Ratio
16. Print Remote Setpoint Bias
17. Print Proportional Band #2
18. Print Integral Time #2
19. Print Derivative Time #2
20. Print Second Input Reading
21. Print Remote Setpoint Reading
22. Print Secondary Setpoint Value
23. Print Heater Current Reading
A print-out from a TCU unit with an address of 1 and all print options selected is shown below:
1 TMP 500F
1 SET 525F
1 PWR 20.0%
1 PBD 4.0%
1 INT 120S
1 DER 30S
1 AL1 600F
1 AL2 475F
1 DEV -25F
1 OFP 0.0%
1 RMP 0.0R
1 CRG 1.0G
1 CDB OF
1 OSt 1001
1 RAt 1.000R
1 BIAS 0U
1 Pb2 4.0%
1 It2 120S
1 dt2 30S
1 IN2 100.0U
1 RSP 0U
1 SP2 0.0U
1 HCr 50.0A
Note: If the cooling option is installed, AL2 is not printed or functional.
52
Terminal Emulation Program For IBM
®
PC
Utilizing the Serial communications capability of the TCU requires the use of an RS485 serial card in the computer. If an IBM PC compatible computer is used, the RS485 serial card is installed in an expansion slot on the mother-board. The RS485 card should be configured for “2-wire half-duplex” operation. For this mode of operation, each piece of equipment must be able to switch from receive mode to transmit mode and vice-versa.
The controller is normally in the receive mode. It automatically switches to the transmit mode when a Transmit Value Command or a Print Request is issued. For the computer to switch from receive to transmit mode, the controlling software must be written to perform this task. On most RS485 serial cards, the RTS (Request-to-Send) signal can be configured to be used as the direction (transmit/receive) control signal. The controlling software must switch the state of the RTS line when the computer is to switch from transmitting to receiving data. The controller allows 100 msec minimum for the computer to switch from transmit to receive mode.
Listed at right is a BASIC program that emulates a terminal. It is written using IBM PC BASIC. The program may need to be modified if using a different BASIC interpreter. Set up the TCU for a baud rate of 9600. When the program is running, commands can be typed in from the keyboard as shown in the previous examples. An asterisk (*) is used to end all commands. Do not use the carriage return to end a command
REM “FOR THIS PROGRAM TO WORK THE ”RS-485" CARD SHOULD BE
SET-UP AS COM2"
2 REM “ALSO THE CARD SHOULD USE ”RTS" FOR HANDSHAKING"
3 REM “THE TCU UNIT SHOULD BE SET-UP FOR 9600 BAUD, AND ODD
PARITY”
4 TXEMPTY = &H60
5 LSR = &H2FD: REM “COMM2 LINE STATUS REGISTER”
6 MCR = &H2FC: REM “COMM2 MODEM CONTROL REGISTER”
10 CLS : CLOSE :
20 OPEN “COM2:9600,0,7,1" FOR RANDOM AS #1
30 ON TIMER(1) GOSUB 300
40 A$ = INKEY$: IF A$ < > “ ” THEN GOTO 1000: REM “CHECK FOR
KEYBOARD INPUT”
50 IF LOC(1) = 0 THEN 40 ELSE 80: REM CHECK FOR INPUT
60 IF LOC(1) = 0 THEN 80: REM “SKIP CLEARING OF BUFFER”
70 B$ = INPUT$(LOC(1), #1): REM “CLEAR BUFFER”
80 F = INP (MCR) AND 253: OUT MCR, F: REM “SET FOR RECEIVE
MODE”
90 IF INP(LSR) < > TXEMPTY THEN 90: REM “WAIT UNTIL DONE
TRANSMITTING”
100 TIMER ON
110 IF LOC(1) = 0 THEN 110
120 B$ = INPUT$(1, #1)
130 IF B$ = CHR$(10) THEN 160" REM “TO PREVENT DOUBLE SPACING
ON PRINT”
140 PRINT B$;
160 IF NOT B$ = “ ” THEN GOTO 90
170 TIMER OFF
200 GOTO 40
300 TIMER OFF: RETURN 40
1000 D = INP(MCR) OR 2: OUT MCR, D: REM “SET FOR TRANSMIT
MODE”
1010 PRINT #1, A$; : PRINT A$; : REM “PRINT KEYSTROKE”
1020 IF A$ = “Q” THEN PRINT
1030 IF A$ = “Q” THEN IF INP(LSR) < > TXEMPTY THEN 1030 ELSE
GOTO 60
1040 A$ = INKEY$: IF A$ < > “ ” THEN GOTO 1000
1050 GOTO 1010
53
Terminal Emulation Program For IBM ® PC (Cont’d)
Figure 24, Computer Interface
If an RS485 card cannot be obtained, and only an RS232 port is available, the Red Lion Controls GCM232 & GCM422 converter modules can be used.
The GCM232 converts from RS232 to 20 mA current loop. The GCM422 converts the 20 mA current loop to RS422/RS485. A male 25 pin D connector is required to interface the GCM422 to the unit.
Note: The GCM422 requires the TX EN terminal for proper operation. The availability of the TX EN terminal is model dependent. If TX EN terminal is not shown on unit label, it is not available for that model.
Serial Connections
When wiring the terminal block at the rear of the unit, refer to the label with the terminal description for installing each wire in its proper location. It is recommended that shielded (screened) cable be used for serial communications. This unit meets the EMC specifications using Alpha #2404 cable or equivalent. There are higher grades of shielded cable, such as four conductor twisted pair, that offer an even higher degree of noise immunity.
Only two transceiver wires and a common are needed.
The two data (transceiver) wires connect to the TX/RX(+) and TX/RX(-) terminals, appropriately.
The cable should consist of a shielded twisted pair and in some applications a signal ground may be required to establish a ground reference. The signal ground is required if the equipment does not have internal bias resistors connected to the RS485 transceiver lines. The signal ground is connected at the RS485 common of only one TCU unit to the RS485 equipment. If necessary, the shield can be used as the signal ground.
The signal input common is isolated from the RS485 common and the analog output “-” terminal.
Note: Do not connect any of the commons to the analog output “-” terminal.
Terminal Descriptions
RS485 COMM. - Common may be required for communication hook-up.
TX/RX(+) & TX/RX(-) - The TCU transmits and receives on these two terminals which are connected to the external device.
TX EN. - Used with a Red Lion Controls (RLC) GCM422 Serial Converter
Module (RS422 to 20 mA Loop). Otherwise not normally used.
Note: Some models do not have TX EN. This is an output used in conjunction with interface converter Model GCM422, to convert RS485 to 20 mA current loop.
54
* Terminal numbers are model dependent. Consult label on controller case for description.
** Some models do not have TX EN. This is an output used in conjunction with interface converter model GCM422, to convert RS485 to 20 mA current loop.
One or several TCU units can be connected to an RLC model DMPC printer
using an optional RLC GCM422 converter module. Figure 25 shows the wiring
for a single and a multiple hook-up to the printer.
The TX EN (Transmit Enable) terminal is connected to the transmit disable pin on the GCM422 module. The printer can then receive data when the User
Input, programmed for the print request function, is activated. The GCM422 module must have the internal jumper placed in the 485 position. The 25 pin connector on the GCM422 module must have pins 2 and 3, and 14 and 16 jumpered. The TCU must be programmed for the same baud rate as the printer.
When more than one controller is on the line, each TX EN terminal is connected to the transmit disable pin of the GCM422 module. Only one TCU can have the print function activated at a time, otherwise line collision will occur resulting in a garbled print-out.
Figure 25, Connecting To An RLC Printer
55
Connecting To A Host Terminal
Six TCU units are used to control a process in a plant. The TCU units are located at the proper location to optimize the process. A communication line
is run to an industrial computer located in the production office. Figure 26,
Connecting To A Host Terminal, shows the line connection. Each TCU is programmed for a different address and all are programmed for the same baud rate and parity as the computer. An application program is written to send and receive data from the units using the proper commands.
Troubleshooting Serial Communications
If problems are encountered when interfacing the TCU(s) and host device or printer, the following check list can be used to help find a solution.
1. Check all wiring. Refer to the previous application examples and use them as a guide to check your serial communication wiring. Proper polarity of all units and other peripherals must be observed.
2. If the TCU is connected to a host computer, device or printer, make sure that the computer or device is configured with the same baud rate and communication format as the TCU. The communication format the TCU accepts is; 1 start bit, 7 data bits, no parity or 1 parity bit (odd or even), and
1 stop bit.
3. Check the TCU’s unit address. If the Address command is not used when transmitting a command to the TCU, the TCU’s address must be set to 0.
See Sending Commands & Data, page 48, for command structure.
4. If two-way communications are to be established between the TCU and a computer, the computer must receive a transmission from the TCU first.
Activating the User Input, programmed for the print request function, initiates transmissions from the TCU.
5. When sending commands to the TCU, an asterisk (2Ah) must terminate the command. After system power-up an asterisk must be sent to clear the TCU input buffer.
6. In multiple unit configurations, each unit must have a different address other than zero.
7. If all of the above has been done, try reversing the polarity of the transceiver wires between the TCU(s) and the RS485 interface card. Some cards have the polarity reversed.
Figure 26, Connecting To A Host Terminal
56
HEATER CURRENT MONITOR OPTION
This option allows monitoring of heater element current controlled by the
TCU via the main output OP1. The actual heater current is viewed in the lower display. This is useful in determining how much the heater element has aged, if the element open circuited or if the element has a ground fault. A Heater
Break Alarm can be programmed to signal the event before process damage
occurs (See Alarm Action, page 29). Normally, the heater current alarm value
is set for 10-20% below the actual heater current value. This allows for line voltage variations and a small amount of heater element oxidation (aging).
The Heater Current Monitor is for single phase power monitoring. For
3-phase heating systems, Red Lion Controls Model IMH (5 ampere Current
Transformer Indicator) can be used to monitor individual line phases.
Example: A 50:0.1 current transformer is used. The actual observed heater current is 38 amperes. The heater fault alarm is used and set to trigger at
32.0 amperes (38A * 85%). Placing the current transformer in the ground
(neutral) lead allows for heater ground fault detection. The following lists the parameters for configuring the Heater Current Monitor with Alarm fault detection.
HCur - 50.0
Set full scale heater current equal to current transformer rating
ACt1 - HCur Program Alarm #1 for heater fault action
AL1 - 32.0
Set heater current alarm for 32.0 amperes
Figure 27, Heater Current Monitor Diagram
57
VALVE POSITION OPTION
The Valve Position option of the TCU directly controls the position of a valve. The Valve Motor Open and Valve Motor Close outputs independently activate the valve motor to position the valve for closed loop control. The
TCU is capable of two Valve Position control modes: Position mode, in which valve position slidewire feedback is used by the controller, and Velocity mode, a special positioning algorithm in which no slidewire signal is required.
Position Mode Valve Control
In Position mode valve control, the slidewire resistance, representing the valve position, is measured by the TCU and scaled internally to equal 0% to
100%. The scaled valve position is compared with the output power to determine if the valve needs to be repositioned. Since the output power and valve position both range from 0% to 100%, and normally equal each other, the output power display (%PW) represents valve position. Based on this information, the valve can be positioned manually from the Manual (USEr) mode of the controller. The output power can be manually ranged from 0% to
100% to position the valve.
In the event that the valve position feedback and the output power do not agree, due to a faulty valve motor, binding valve or defective slidewire, a valve fail alarm occurs, if desired. The valve fail alarm is based on a timer in which the output power and valve feedback positions must match within a preset time. A display message of “VALV” occurs in this event. Optionally, an alarm event output can be programmed to signal the event to other equipment. Once the alarm triggers, the output power and feedback positions must match to silence the alarm. Setting the valve fail time parameter to zero disables this feature and also silences a triggered alarm.
The controller also senses loss of slidewire feedback signal and can activate the open or close outputs in such an event. See Sensor Fail Preset
Power (OPFL), page 25, for a description of this operation.
Example:
Steam is used to heat water by passing it through a heat exchanger.
Variations in inlet water temperature, steam pressure, hot water demand, etc., all contribute to the need for closed loop control. The steam pressure is controlled by a TCU with Valve Positioner option. A valve positioner with
1,000 ohm slidewire feedback is used. The TCU maintains constant hot
58 water temperature by controlling the position of the valve. Given the time constant of the process is 60 seconds, the Valve Update Time (VUdt) of the controller is set at five seconds to reduce valve activity. Adding Valve
Update Time to the valve motor transit time (20 seconds), the valve fail time is set at 50 seconds [2 * (20+5)] to alert for a valve fail condition. The valve position hysteresis is set at 2.0% to allow for valve motor overrun and backlash, and also to provide a control deadband to reduce valve activity. A minimum valve position is set to 20% to allow a minimum amount of steam flow into the heat exchanger. The maximum valve position is set at 100%.
The following data is used to configure the Position mode valve control parameters of the TCU:
VPS1 20.0
Scale minimum valve position to 20.0%
VPS2 100.0
Scale maximum valve position to 100.0%
Vudt 5
VPdb 2.0
VFAL 50
Update valve position, at most, once every 5 seconds
Set valve position deadband to 2.0%
Set valve fail timer to 50 seconds
Figure 28, Motorized Valve Positioner
Velocity Mode Valve Control
The Velocity mode of the Valve Positioner option is a special valve control algorithm that does not use a slidewire feedback signal. In this control mode, the controller responds to changes in output power instead of responding to the output power directly, as in Position mode. Subsequently, as long as there is process error, the controller activates the motor control outputs periodically to eliminate the error.
The valve motor open and close transit time and minimum motor on-time are required parameters for Velocity mode. The valve motor transit times should be measured in actual use as they frequently differ from the nominal valve motor times. The minimum on-time is another Velocity mode parameter. It establishes the control deadband of the controller. Minimum on times that are too short could cause excessive valve activity. Minimum on-times that are too long may cause too much error. Velocity mode of the controller is engaged by setting both Valve Position parameters to 0.0%.
Example:
Steam is used to heat water by passing it through a heat exchanger.
Variations in inlet water temperature, steam pressure, hot water demand, etc., all contribute to the need for closed loop control. The steam pressure is controlled by a TCU with Valve Positioner option. The TCU maintains constant hot water temperature by controlling the position of the valve. No slidewire feedback is used. Given the time constant of the process is 60 seconds, the Valve Update Time (VUdt) of the controller is set at five seconds to reduce valve activity. The valve motor open and close transit times were measured at 20 and 25 seconds respectively. The minimum on time pulse is set at 0.5 seconds to allow for valve motor overrun and backlash, and also to provide for a control deadband. The effective control deadband expressed in percent of controller output is:
Effective deadband (in percent ) =
Vont
0 .5 * (Vopt + VCLt )
=
0.5
0.5 * (20 + 25)
= 2.2%
The following data is used to configure the Velocity mode valve control parameters of the TCU:
VPS1 0.0 Set valve position #1 to 0.0 to engage Velocity mode
VPS2 0.0 Set valve position #2 to 0.0 to engage Velocity mode
Vudt 5 Update valve position, at most, once every 5 seconds
VOPt 20 Set valve motor open time to 20 seconds
VCLt 25 Set valve motor close time to 25 seconds
Vont 0.5 Set valve motor minimum on time (deadband) to 0.5 seconds
59
SECOND ANALOG INPUT OPTION
The Second Analog Input option is an additional analog input used for
Remote Setpoint or Internal Cascade operation. The mode of operation is selected by programming. The Second Analog Input reading can be viewed in the secondary display. Front panel annunciator SEC illuminates to indicate this display mode.
Remote Setpoint
The TCU with Second Analog Input can be configured as a Remote
Setpoint. This mode of operation enables Cascade control (external), Ratio control and Temperature Setpoint Slave control, among others.
The Remote Setpoint value used internally by the controller is:
Remote Setpoint = (Scaled Second Analog Input * rtio) + bIAS where rtio = 0.000 to 9.999
bIAS = -999 to 9999
The rtio and bIAS parameters offer on-line scaling of the Remote Setpoint to adjust control ratios or biases among related processes.
In Remote Setpoint mode, the front panel annunciator REM is illuminated.
When in Local Setpoint mode, this annunciator is off. In either Local or
Remote Setpoint mode, the Manual (USEr) mode is indicated by the REM annunciator flashing.
The Remote Setpoint is restricted to the setpoint limit values SPLO and
SPHI. These parameters may be used to limit the range of the Remote
Setpoint to a safe or more stable control range. For Remote Setpoint signal sources that change wildly or are too sensitive to process upsets, the Setpoint
Ramp parameter (SPrP) can be used to ramp (rate limit) the Remote Setpoint reading. This can subsequently reduce the fluctuations of the Secondary control loop.
Temperature Ratio Control
Example: For processing purposes, it is necessary to control the temperature of a vat of adhesive at 1.5x the temperature of a vat of the adhesive’s blending agent. The temperature of the reacting agent is manually controlled, and the setpoint of the adhesive must track that of the reacting agent. A TCU with Remote Setpoint with a Ratio value of 1.500 (rtio) is used to regulate the adhesive temperature. A temperature transmitter from the blending agent vat is used to generate the Remote Setpoint signal.
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Temperature Remote Setpoint Slave Control
Example: Multiple TCUs are used to regulate the temperature zones of a continuous drying oven. To reduce thermal shock to the product, the setpoint levels of incoming zone controllers are low, while the other controllers have setpoints that are increasingly ramped up to the ideal drying temperature. The TCUs are slave controllers that have Remote
Setpoint with unique bias values to implement the ramp in setpoint values of the drying oven. One TCU is the master controller. The master controller re-transmits the setpoint value via the linear DC output (4-20 mA) to the slave zone controllers. The slave zone controllers receive the 4-20 mA signal as a Remote Setpoint.
Cascade Control
Cascade control involves the separation of a process into two control loops: the Primary and the Secondary.
The Secondary control loop is designed to regulate the manipulated variable which is normally the faster responding variable. The Primary loop controller establishes this setpoint to the Secondary to maintain Primary loop regulation. Disturbances occurring to the Secondary control loop are quickly compensated for, before the effect appears in the Primary loop output. This early loop compensation or “feed forward” action of Cascade control can improve control quality compared with standard single loop control. Since the Primary and Secondary “see” different processes, they normally have different tuning values, with the Secondary normally faster responding.
The TCU is capable of two modes of Cascade control: External Cascade and
Internal Cascade. External cascade involves the use of two controller units, one of which is a Remote Setpoint controller. Internal Cascade has both the Primary and Secondary control loops implemented within one controller unit.
External Cascade Control
External Cascade Control involves the use of two controllers, one of which has a Remote Setpoint Input.
The outer loop controller (Primary controller) directs the setpoint of the inner loop controller (Secondary controller) through the linear DC 4-20 mA output. The Secondary controller has a Second Analog Input option configured as a Remote Setpoint (RSP) in order to receive the directed
setpoint. See Figure 29, for more details.
The Remote Setpoint of the Secondary controller must be scaled prior to tuning the controllers. Normally, the Remote Setpoint is scaled to equal the actual process range of the secondary. Scaled in this way, the Primary controller can direct the setpoint of the Secondary controller over its operating range. The internal Remote Setpoint value is as follows:
Remote Setpoint = (Scaled Second Analog Input * Ratio Parameter) + Bias
Parameter
Example: A TCU (temperature input) and PCU (process input) are used in an
External Cascade arrangement to regulate the temperature of a large dye vat.
The PCU is the Secondary controller with Remote Setpoint to regulate steam pressure. The TCU is the primary controller with linear DC output which directs the setpoint of the Secondary controller in order to maintain vat temperature. The range of the secondary steam process is 0.0 to 200.0 PSI.
The following data configures the Remote Setpoint of the PCU:
OPEr - rSP root - NO dPt2 - 0.0
dSP1 - 0.0
Select Remote Setpoint mode
No square root linearization necessary
Select decimal point position to match that of main input
Scale Remote Setpoint to match main input range of PCU
INP1 - 4.00
Scale input range to match 4-20 mA output of TCU dSP2 - 200.0 Scale Remote Setpoint to match main input range of PCU
INP2 - 20.00 Scale input range to match 4-20 mA output of TCU
SPtr - Auto Select bumpless Local/Remote setpoint transfer
In some cases the Remote Setpoint signal may change too rapidly or have excessive process noise. This may lead to instability or even oscillation of the
Secondary controller. The Setpoint Ramp parameter (SPrP) is effective in limiting the amount of change of the Remote Setpoint. The Setpoint Ramp parameter should be set to a minimum ramp value consistent with the response time of the Primary process. Additionally, Setpoint Limit Low and
Setpoint Limit High parameters (SPLO, SPHI) may be used to constrain the
Remote Setpoint value to safe limits or narrow the operating range for stability purposes.
See Auto-tune, page 68, for tuning procedure of External Cascade
controllers.
Figure 29, External Cascade
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Internal Cascade Control
The Internal Cascade control mode of the TCU embodies the function of two Cascade controllers into a single unit. In all other respects, Internal
Cascade yields the same control flexibility and control quality as External
Cascade.
In Internal Cascade, the Primary loop provides an internal setpoint for the
Secondary loop. The Primary loop output power (0-100%) is scaled internally by the “DSP1” and “DSP2” scaling parameters to yield the Secondary
(directed) setpoint. This setpoint is used by the secondary loop to calculate the actual output (physical output). The setpoint can be viewed during
operation by the SP-2 parameter. See Figure 30, for more details.
For proper Auto-tuning of the Primary loop, it is necessary that “DSP1” and “DSP2” represent the actual process low and process high values, respectively, of the Secondary process. The tuning parameters (Prop, Intt, dErt, OPdP) pertain to the primary loop and the tuning parameters (Pb-2, It-2, dt-2, OPd2) pertain to the secondary loop.
Example: A TCU with Second Analog Input is used in an Internal Cascade arrangement to regulate the temperature of a large dye vat. The Second
Analog Input is the input to the Secondary loop. This loop regulates steam pressure. The Primary loop (temperature) directs the setpoint of the
Secondary to maintain vat temperature. The range of the Secondary steam process is 0.0 to 200.0 PSI transmitted by a 4-20 mA transducer. The following data configures the Internal Cascade controller:
OPEr - CSCd Select Internal Cascade mode root - NO dPt2 - 0.0
dSP1 - 0.0
INP1 - 4.00
No square root linearization necessary
Select decimal point position for 0.0 PSI
Secondary process display low value (0.0 PSI)
Secondary process transmitter low value (4 mA) dSP2 - 200.0 Secondary process display high value 200.0 PSI)
INP2 - 20.00 Secondary process transmitter high value (20 mA)
OPd2 - 2 Secondary output power (physical output) dampening
The Secondary process value can be monitored during operation in the secondary display.
See Auto-tune, page 68, for tuning procedure of Internal Cascade
controllers.
Figure 30, Internal Cascade
62
PID CONTROL
Proportional Band
Proportional band is defined as the “band” of temperature the process changes to cause the percent output power to change from 0% to 100%. The band may or may not be centered about the setpoint value depending upon the steady state requirements of the process. The band is shifted by manual offset or integral action (automatic reset) to maintain zero error. Proportional band is expressed as percent of input sensor range.
Figure 31, Proportional Band
Example: Thermocouple type T with a temperature range of 600°C is used and is indicated in degrees Celsius with a proportional band of 5%. This yields a band of 600°C X 5% = 30°C.
The proportional band should be set to obtain the best response to a disturbance while minimizing overshoot. Low proportional band settings
(high gain) result in quick controller response at expense of stability and increased overshoot. Settings that are excessively low produce continuous oscillations at setpoint. High proportional band settings (low gain) result in a sluggish response with long periods of process “droop”. A proportional band of 0.0% forces the controller into ON/OFF control mode with its
characteristic cycling at setpoint (See ON/OFF Control, page 66, for more
information).
Integral Time
Integral time is defined as the time, in seconds, in which the output due to integral action alone equals the output due to proportional action with a constant process error. As long as a constant error exists, integral action repeats the proportional action every integral time. Integral action shifts the center point position of the proportional band to eliminate error in the steady state. The units of integral time are seconds per repeat.
Integral action (also known as “automatic reset”) changes the output power to bring the process to setpoint. Integral times that are too fast (small times) do not allow the process to respond to the new output value. This causes over compensation and leads to an unstable process with excessive overshoot.
Integral times that are too slow (large times) cause a slow response to steady state errors. Integral action may be disabled by setting the time to zero. If time is set to zero, the previous integral output power value is maintained.
If integral action is disabled, manual reset is available by modifying the output power offset (“OPOF” initially set to zero) to eliminate steady state errors. This parameter appears in unprotected parameter mode when integral time is set to zero. The controller has the feature to prevent integral action when operating outside the proportional band. This prevents “reset wind-up”.
Note: The Proportional band shift due to integral action may itself be “reset” by temporarily setting the controller into the ON/OFF control mode (proportional band =0).
Figure 32, Integral Time
63
Derivative Time
Derivative time is defined as the time, in seconds, in which the output due to proportional action alone equals the output due to derivative action with a ramping process error. As long as a ramping error exists, the derivative action is “repeated” by proportional action every derivative time. The units of derivative time are seconds per repeat.
Derivative action is used to shorten the process response time and helps to stabilize the process by providing an output based on the rate of change of the process. In effect, derivative action anticipates where the process is headed and changes the output before it actually “arrives”. Increasing the derivative time helps to stabilize the response, but too much derivative time coupled with noisy signal processes, may cause the output to fluctuate too greatly, yielding poor control. None or too little derivative action usually results in decreased stability with higher overshoots. No derivative action usually requires a wider proportional and slower integral times to maintain the same degree of stability as with derivative action. Derivative action is disabled by setting the time to zero.
Output Power Offset (Manual Reset)
If the integral time is set to zero (automatic reset is off), it may be necessary to modify the output power to eliminate errors in the steady state. The output power offset (OPOF) is used to shift the proportional band to compensate for errors in the steady state. The output power offset (OPOF) parameter appears in the unprotected mode, if the integral time equals zero. If integral action
(automatic reset) is later invoked, the controller continues from the previous output power offset and updates accordingly.
PID Adjustments
To aid in the adjustment of the PID parameters for improved process control, a temperature chart recorder is necessary to provide a visual means of analyzing the process. Compare the actual process response to the PID response figures with a step change to the process. Make changes to the PID parameters in no more than 20% increments from the starting value and allow the process sufficient time to stabilize before evaluating the effects of the new parameter settings.
64
Figure 34, Typical Response Curve
PID Adjustments (Cont’d)
Figure 35, Process Response Extremes
65
ON/OFF CONTROL
The controller operates in the ON/OFF control mode by setting the proportional band =
0.0%. The ON/OFF control hysteresis band
(CHYS) parameter eliminates output chatter around setpoint. For heat/cool systems, the cooling output can also be used in the ON/OFF control by setting the relative gain = 0.0
(GAN2). Additionally, the heat/cool parameter
(db-2) determines the amount of operational deadband or overlap between the two outputs.
The phase of the control action can be reversed by the output control action parameter. ON/OFF control is usually characterized by temperature oscillations about the setpoint value. Large hysteresis values make the oscillations larger. ON/OFF control should only be used where the constant oscillations are acceptable.
Figure 36, OP1 On/Off Action Figure 37, OP2 On/Off Action
66
Figure 38, OP1/OP2 On/Off Action
67
ON/OFF and PID control can be used for the heat and cool outputs in several combinations.
The following lists the valid control modes:
OP1 & OP2 VALID CONTROL MODES
PID
ON/OFF
PrOP = 0.0
PID
PID
OP1
MODE
ON/OFF
(PrOP=0.0)
—
—
OP2
MODE
PID
ON/OFF
(GAN2=0.0)
ON/OFF
(GAN2=0.0)
MANUAL MODE
OUTPUT POWER
RANGE
0% to +100%
100
Any other setting
-100% to +100%
0% to +100%
-100% to 0%
+100%
-100%
Any other setting
OP1
STATE
OP1-TP
OP1-ON
OP1-OFF
OP1-TP
OP1-TP
OP1-TP
OP1-ON
OP1-OFF
OP1-OFF
STATE
—
—
—
OP2
OP2-TP
OP2-OFF
OP2-ON
OP2-OFF
OP2-ON
OP2-OFF
TP - Time Proportioning
Note: In manual mode, the % output power is not limited to the output power limits (OPLO & OPHI)
AUTO-TUNE
Auto-Tune is a user initiated function in which the controller automatically determines the PID settings based upon the process characteristics. During
Auto-tune, the controller temporarily causes the system to oscillate by cycling the output power from 0 to 100%. The nature of these oscillations determines the settings of the controller’s parameters.
Note: If the induced oscillations caused by Auto-tune can cause system problems or are otherwise unacceptable, the Step Response Manual Tuning Procedure can be used as a tuning alternative.
Prior to initiating Auto-Tune, it is essential that the controller be configured to the application. In particular, control hysteresis (CHYS) and
Auto-Tune dampening code (tcod) must be set in the Output Parameters section. Generally, control hysteresis of 2 - 5 degrees is adequate. The
68
Figure 40, Auto-Tune Operation dampening code may be set to yield the response characteristics shown in
Figure 39, Dampening Code. A dampening code setting of zero gives the
fastest response with possible overshoot, and a code of four gives the slowest response with minimum overshoot.
The following controller parameters are set by Auto-tune according to the characteristics of the process:
Proportional Band (ProP)
Integral Time (Intt)
Derivative Time (dErt)
Input Filter (Fltr)
Output Power Dampening (OPdP)
As shown in the Auto-Tune Operation Figure 40, Auto-Tune cycles the
process at a control point 3/4 of the distance between the current process temperature (at the instant Auto-Tune is started) and the temperature setpoint. The 3/4 control point was selected to reduce the chance of temperature overshoot at setpoint when Auto-Tuning at start-up. If
Auto-Tuning from setpoint and temperature overshoot is unacceptable, temporarily lower the setpoint by an amount of the temperature oscillation and then Auto-Tune. Reset the setpoint to the original value when Auto-Tune is complete. After starting Auto-Tune, the secondary display indicates the current phase (Aut1, Aut2, Aut3, & Aut4). If the controller remains in an
Auto-Tune phase unusually long, the process or connections may be faulty.
Additionally, during Auto-Tune it is important that disturbances to the system be minimized, as these may have an effect on the parameter determination.
Initiate Auto-Tune
Auto-Tune may be initiated at start-up, from setpoint, or at any other process temperature point.
To Initiate Auto-Tune:
1. Make sure that Auto-Tuning is enabled in parameter lockouts module.
2. Place the controller into the normal display mode.
3. Press PAR for 3 seconds from normal display mode.
4. Scroll to “tUNE” by use of PAR, if necessary.
5. Select “YES” and press PAR.
Auto-Tune is initiated.
To Cancel Auto-Tune: (Old PID settings remain in effect).
A) Make sure that Auto-Tuning is enabled in parameter lockouts module.
1. Place the controller into the normal display mode.
2. Press PAR for 3 seconds from normal display mode.
3. Scroll to “tUNE” by use of PAR, if necessary.
4. Select “NO” and press PAR.
5. Auto-Tune canceled.
B) Or reset the controller by disconnecting AC power.
Note: If using the linear DC output for control, full power is applied (+100%
OP1 or -100% OP2) regardless of the output power limit settings. Set the
Linear DC Output scaling points to limit the magnitude of the output, if desired.
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Auto-Tune Of Heat/Cool Systems
During Auto-Tune of heat/cool systems, the controller switches the cooling output (OP2) on and off in addition to the heat output (OP1). The heat/cool deadband parameter (db-2) determines the amount of overlap or deadband between the two outputs during Auto-Tune. Refer to ON/OFF
CONTROL, page 66, for the operation of this parameter. The heat/cool
deadband parameter remains unchanged after Auto-Tune is complete.
Therefore, when proportional control is started after the completion of
Auto-Tune, this parameter may need to be reset.
It is important that external load disturbances be minimized, and if present, other zone controllers idled as these may have an effect on the PID constant determination. The controller additionally sets the Relative Cooling Gain parameter (GAN2) for heat/cool systems.
Auto-Tune Of Internal Cascade Controllers
Auto-Tune of Internal Cascade controllers involves tuning of the Primary
PID and Secondary PID parameters. Each set of parameters is tuned individually with the secondary parameters normally tuned first. For Internal
Cascade controllers, Auto-Tune offers the option of tuning the Primary or
Secondary:
tunE
no - No Auto-Tune or abort Auto-Tune
PRI - Start Auto-Tune of primary or Auto-Tune of primary in progress
SEC - Start Auto-Tune of secondary or Auto-Tune of secondary in progress
The Auto-Tune status display indicates the set of parameters actively
Auto-Tuned:
Tune
Phase
1
2
3
4
Display
(Primary)
APr1
APr2
APr3
APr4
Display
(Secondary)
ASC1
ASC2
ASC3
ASC4
The following additional parameters are calculated and set as a result of
Auto-Tuning of the secondary:
Secondary Proportional Band (Pb-2)
Secondary Integral Time (It-2)
Secondary Derivative Time (dt-2)
Secondary Output Power Dampening (OPd2)
Auto-Tuning of the secondary presents two different control points at which the controller cycles power. In Automatic mode of operation, the secondary control point is the setpoint directed by the primary at the instant
Auto-Tune is started. In Manual mode of operation, the secondary control point is the secondary process value reading at the instant Auto-Tune is started. The secondary is normally Auto-Tuned with the controller in the
Manual mode of operation unless the process is reasonably under control.
Prior to tuning the Secondary, it is essential that it is scaled to match the actual secondary process range. This is important for proper Auto-Tuning of the primary. Subsequent changes made to scaling values may require re-tuning.
The following procedure may be used to initially tune an Internal Cascade controller:
1) Place the controller into Manual (USEr) mode of operation.
2) Adjust output power level until primary variable is close to primary setpoint. (± 10% of range)
3) Auto-Tune the secondary.
4) Auto-Tune the primary.
5) Place controller into Automatic (Auto) mode of operation.
6) Initial tuning is complete.
After the process has stabilized, the primary and secondary may be re-tuned in Automatic mode of operation. Normally, the primary requires re-tuning whenever the secondary PID constants are changed.
Auto-Tune Of External Cascade Systems (Remote Setpoint)
External Cascade systems involve the use of two controllers, the Primary and the Secondary, that have a Remote Setpoint Input. In such a system, the
Secondary controller is normally tuned first followed by tuning of the primary controller. Prior to tuning the Secondary controller, it is essential that the Remote Setpoint is scaled to match the actual secondary process range. This is important for proper Auto-Tuning of the primary controller.
Subsequent changes made to scaling values may require re-tuning. The following procedure may be used to initially tune an External Cascade controller:
1) Place the Secondary controller into Local Setpoint mode and Manual
(USEr) mode of operation.
2) Adjust output power level of the secondary until primary variable is close to primary setpoint. (± 10% of range)
3) Key-in secondary setpoint value equal to secondary process value.
4) Auto-Tune the secondary controller while in Local Setpoint mode.
5) Place the secondary controller into Remote Setpoint mode and Automatic
(Auto) mode of operation.
6) Auto-tune the primary controller while the primary is in Automatic mode of operation.
7) Initial tuning of system is complete.
After the process has stabilized, the primary and secondary may be re-tuned in Automatic mode of operation. Normally, the primary requires re-tuning whenever the secondary PID constants are changed.
Note: For Remote Setpoint controllers, the Auto-tune control point is derived from the Remote Setpoint when in Remote Setpoint mode and it is derived from the Local Setpoint when in Local Setpoint mode.
70
APPENDIX “A” - Application Examples
Plastics Extruder Application
Several TCU controllers are employed to control the temperature of a plastics extruder. Each TCU controls a heating element and a cooling water solenoid to maintain each extruder zone at the desired temperature. The heater current monitor of the TCU is used for early detection of heater element failure. The linear DC output is used to retransmit the process temperature to a control computer for data logging purposes.
Figure 41, Plastics Extruder Application
71
Temperature Control Programming Example
A TCU is used to control the temperature of cooking kettles at a food processing facility. The 4-20 mA linear DC output is used to control a steam valve which provides the heat to the kettles. The following is a list of the process requirements and the subsequent parameter values keyed-in to the controller.
Process Requirements
Output: Linear DC 4-20 mA. Limit to 70% of maximum power
Update Time:
Deadband:
5 seconds
2%
Input: type t thermocouple °F
Open Response: Valve off
Setpoint Range:
Alarms:
User Inputs:
150°F to 300°F
10° and 20° deviation band alarms, Auto reset
10° band, latch 20° band, disable alarms during startup
Integral Action Lockout
Configure Input Parameters
tYPE
SCAL dCPt
FLtr
SPAN 1.000
SHFt
SPLO
SPHI
SPrP
InPt t
°F
0
2
0
150
300
0.0
Thermocouple type “T”
Control and indicate in °F
One degree display resolution
Increased input signal digital filtering
No span correction necessary
No shift correction necessary
Limit min. setpoint temperature to 150°F
Limit max. setpoint temperature to 300°F
No setpoint ramping
Lock Integral Action via User Input
Configure Output Parameters
CYCt 0
OPAC rEv
OPLO
OPHI
OPFL
OPdP
CHYS tcod
ANAS
ANLO
ANHI
Andb
ANut
-
0%
70%
0%
3 sec
0
OP
0.0%
100.0%
2.0%
5 sec
Not using time proportioning output
Use reverse acting for heating
Low power limit of 0%
High power limit of 70% to reduce temperature change shock
Turn valve off if probe failure
Output power dampening = 3 seconds
Not using on/off control select fastest response
Linear DC output used for control
Steam valve provides full deflection for 4-20 mA signal range
Impose 2% deadband on Linear DC Output
Update output once every 5 seconds rSt1
Stb1
AL-1
Act2 rst2 stb2
AL-2
AHYS
Configure Alarm Parameters
Act1 b-ot auto yes
10 b-ot
LATC
YES
20
1
Set alarm #1 for deviation band from setpoint
Automatic reset
Disable alarming during power-up
Set 10° alarm value
Set alarm #2 for deviation band from setpoint
Manual reset
Disable alarm during power-up
Set 20° alarm value
1° alarm activation hysteresis
72
APPENDIX “B” - SPECIFICATIONS AND DIMENSIONS
1. DISPLAY: Dual 4-digit
Upper Temperature Display: 0.4" (10.2 mm) high red LED
Lower Auxiliary Display: 0.3" (7.6 mm) high green LED
Display Messages (Model dependent):
“OLOL”
“ULUL”
“OPEN”
“SHrt”
“....”
“-...”
“SLid”
“VALV”
Appears when measurement exceeds + sensor range.
Appears when measurement exceeds - sensor range.
Appears when open sensor is detected.
Appears when shorted sensor is detected (RTD only)
Appears when display values exceed + display range.
Appears when display values exceed - display range.
Appears when loss of slidewire signal is detected.
Appears when valve actuator error is detected.
2. POWER: Switch selectable 115/230 VAC (+10%, -15%) no observable line variation effect, 48-62 Hz, 10 VA.
DIMENSIONS In inches (mm)
Note: Recommended minimum clearance (behind the panel) for panel latch installation is 5.5" (140)H x 2.1" (53.4)W.
Figure 42, Dimensions
73
3. ANNUNCIATORS:
LED Backlight Status Indicators (Model dependent):
%PW
DEV
OP1
AL1
AL2
OP2
OPN
CLS
CUR
SEC
MAN
REM
Lower auxiliary display shows power output in (%).
Lower auxiliary display shows deviation (error) from temperature setpoint.
Main control output is active.
Alarm #1 is active.
Alarm #2 is active (for Dual Alarm Option).
Cooling output is active (for Cooling Option).
Valve positioner OPEN output is active (for Valve
Positioner option).
Valve positioner CLOSE output is active (for Valve
Positioner option).
Lower auxiliary display shows heater current (for
Heater Current Monitor option).
Lower auxiliary display shows second analog input (for
Second Analog Input option).
Flashing: Controller is in manual mode.
ON: controller is in remote setpoint mode
(Second Analog Input option).
OFF: controller is in local setpoint mode
(Second Analog Input option).
Flashing: controller is in Manual control mode
(Second Analog Input option).
4. CONTROLS: Four front panel push buttons for modifying and setup of controller functions and one external input for parameter lockout or other functions.
5. MAIN SENSOR INPUT:
Sample Period: 100 msec
Response Time: 300 msec (to within 99% of final value w/step input;
typically, response is limited to response time of probe)
Failed Sensor Response:
Main Control Output(s): Programmable preset output
Display: “OPEN”
Alarms: Upscale drive
DC Linear: Programmable preset output
Normal Mode Rejection: 40 dB @ 50/60 Hz
(improves with increased digital filtering).
Common Mode Rejection: 100 dB, DC to 60 Hz
74
Protection: Input overload 120 VAC for 30 seconds.
6. THERMOCOUPLE:
Types: T, E, J, K, R, S, B, N, Linear mV
Input Impedance: 20 MW all types
Lead resistance effect: 20 mV/350W
Cold junction compensation: Less than 1°C error over 0 - 50°C ambient temperature range. Disabled for Linear mV type.
Resolution: 1 °C/F all types, or 0.1°C/F for T, E, J, K and N only.
7. RTD: 2, 3 or 4 wire, 100W platinum, alpha = 0.00385 (DIN 43760), alpha
= 0.003916
Excitation: 0.175 mA
Resolution: 1 or 0.1 degree
Lead Resistance: 7W maximum
8. RANGE AND ACCURACY: Errors include NIST conformity and A/D conversion errors at 23°C after 20 min. warm-up. Thermocouple errors include cold junction effect. Errors are expressed as ± percent of reading and ± 3/4 LSD unless otherwise noted.
Type
T
E
J
K
R
S
B
Range
-200 to +400°C
-328 to +752°F
-200 to +750°C
-328 to +1382°F
-200 to +760°C
-328 to +1400°F
-200 to +1250°C
-328 to +2282°F
0 to +1768°C
+32 to +3214°F
0 to +1768°C
+32 to +3214°F
+200 to +1820°C
+300 to +3308°F
-200 to +1300°C N mV
RTD
(385)
RTD
-328 to +2372°F
-5.00 to 56.00
-200 to +600°C
-328 to +1100°F
(392)
-200 to +600°C
-328 to +1100°F
Ohms 1.0 to 320.0
Accuracy
0.20% +1.5°C
0.20% +2.7°F
0.20% +1.5°C
0.20% +2.7°F
0.15% +1.5°C
0.15% +2.7°F
0.20% +1.5°C
0.20% +2.7°F
0.15% +2.5°C
0.15% +4.5°F
0.15% +2.5°C
0.15% +4.5°F
0.15% +2.5°C
0.15% +4.5°F
0.20% +1.5°C
0.20% +2.5°F
0.15% + 1LSD
0.10% +0.5°C
0.10% +0.9°F
0.10% + 0.5°C
0.10% + 0.9°F
0.15% + 1LSD
Wire Color (ANSI)
Blue
Violet
White
Yellow
Black
Black
Gray
Orange
——
——
——
——
9. OUTPUT MODULES [Optional] (For All Output Channels):
Relay:
Type: Form-C (Form-A with some models. See Ordering Information)
Rating: 5 Amps @ 120/240 VAC or 28 VDC (resistive load), 1/8 HP @
120 VAC (inductive load)
Life Expectancy: 100,000 cycles at maximum load rating. (Decreasing
load and/or increasing cycle time, increases life expectancy).
Logic/SSR Drive: Can drive multiple SSR Power Units.
Type: Non-isolated switched DC, 12 VDC typical
Drive: 45 mA maximum
Triac:
Type: Isolated, Zero Crossing Detection
Rating:
Voltage: 120/240 VAC
Max. Load Current: 1 Amp @ 35°C
0.75 Amp @ 50°C
Min. Load Current: 10 mA max.
Offstate Leakage Current: 7 mA max. @ 60 Hz
Operating Frequency: 20 to 400 Hz
Protection: Internal Transient Snubber, Fused
10. MAIN CONTROL OUTPUT (Heating or Cooling):
Control: PID or ON/OFF
Output: Time proportioning or linear DC
Hardware: Plug-in, replaceable output modules
Cycle time: Programmable
Auto-tune: When selected, sets proportional band, integral time, and derivative time values.
Probe Break Action: Programmable
11. COOLING OUTPUT (Optional):
Control: PID or ON/OFF
Output: Time proportioning or linear DC
Hardware: Plug-in, replaceable output modules
Cycle time: Programmable
Proportional Gain Adjust: Programmable
Heat/Cool Deadband Overlap: Programmable
12. LINEAR DC OUTPUT (Optional): With digital scale and offset, programmable deadband and update time
75
4 to 20 mA:
Resolution: 1 part in 3500 typ.
Accuracy: ± (0.1% of reading + 25 mA)
Compliance: 10 V (500W max. loop impedance)
0 to 10 VDC:
Resolution: 1 part in 3500 typ.
Accuracy: ± (0.1% of reading + 35 mV)
Min. Load Resistance: 10 KW (1 mA max.)
Source: % output power, setpoint, deviation, or temperature
(Available for heat or cool, but not both.)
13. HEATER CURRENT MONITOR (Optional):
Type: Single phase, full wave monitoring of load currents controlled by main output (OP1)
Input: 100 mA AC output from current transformer RLC part number
#CT005001 or any current transformer with 100 mA AC output
Display Scale Range: 1.0 to 999.9 amperes or 100.0%
Input resistance: 5 W
Accuracy: 1% of full scale ± 1 LSD (10 to 100% of range)
Frequency: 50 - 400 Hz
Alarm mode: Dual acting; heater element fail detect and control device fail detect
Overload: 200 mA (steady state)
Minimum output “on” time for Heater break alarm detect: 400 msec
14. MOTORIZED VALVE POSITIONER (Optional):
Two Outputs: Valve open and valve close or Linear DC (optional)
Hardware: Plug-in, replaceable output modules
Three Inputs: Slidewire feedback, signal fail detect
(Isolated from main input)
Slidewire resistance: 100 to 100 KW
Slidewire exciting voltage: 0.9 VDC
Slidewire fail action: programmable
Control mode: Position mode (with slidewire) and
Velocity mode (w/o slidewire)
Control deadband: 0.1% to 25.0% (position mode)
0.1 to 25.0 seconds (velocity mode)
Update time: 1 to 250 seconds
Motor time (open, close): 1 to 9999 seconds
Position limits: Adjustable 0.0 to 100.0% of valve stroke
Valve fail time: Off to 9999 seconds
Alarm mode: Dual acting; loss of slidewire feedback signal and valve fail detection
15. SECOND ANALOG INPUT:
Range: 0-20 mA (Isolated from main input)
Overload: 100 mA (steady state)
Input Resistance: 10 W
Voltage drop (@ 20 mA); 0.2 V
Accuracy: 0.15% of reading ± 10 mA ± 1 LSD
Scale Range: -999 to 9999
16. SERIAL COMMUNICATION:
Type: RS485 Multi-point, Balanced Interface
Communication Format:
Baud Rate: Programmable from 300 to 9600
Parity: Programmable for odd, even, or no parity
Frame: 1 start bit, 7 data bits, 1 or no parity bit, 1 stop bit
Unit Address: Programmable from 0 to 99, maximum of 32 units per line
Transmit Delay: 100 msec minimum, 200 msec maximum
RS485 Common: Isolated from signal input common
Auto Print Time: Off to 9999 seconds between print-outs
17. USER INPUT (Optional): V
IN MAX
= 5.25 VDC
V
IL
= 0.85 V
MAX
; V
IH
= 3.0 V
MIN
,
Available on all nonstandard models and on standard models with RS485.
Response time: 100 msec maximum
Functions: Program Lock.
Integral Action Lock.
Auto/Manual Mode Select
Setpoint Ramp Select
Reset Alarms
Print Request
Local/Remote Setpoint Select
18. ALARMS (Optional):
Hardware: Plug-in, replaceable output module
Modes: Absolute high acting
Absolute low acting
Deviation high acting
Deviation low acting
Inside band acting
Heater break.
Valve fail
Second Analog Input monitoring
Reset Action: Programmable; automatic or latched
Standby Mode: Programmable; enable or disable
Hysteresis: Programmable
Probe Break Action: Upscale
Annunciator: LED backlight for “AL1", ”AL2", (Alarm #2 not available
with cooling output or motorized valve position option.)
19. TEMPERATURE EFFECTS:
Operating Range: 0 to 50°C
Storage Range: -40 to 80°C
Span Drift (maximum): 100 ppm/°C, main input; 150 ppm/°C, second input
Zero Drift (maximum): 1 mV/°C, main input; 2 mA/°C, second input
20. ISOLATION BREAKDOWN RATINGS:
All inputs and outputs with respect to AC line: 1500 V
Analog Output, Second Analog Input, Heater Current Input, or
Slidewire Input with respect to Main Input: 500 V
76
21. CERTIFICATIONS AND COMPLIANCES:
SAFETY
UL Listed, File #E137808, UL508, CSA C22.2 No. 14-M95
LISTED by Und. Lab. Inc. to U.S. and Canadian safety standards
UL Recognized Component, File #E156876, UL873, CSA 22.2 No. 24
Recognized to U.S. and Canadian requirements under the Component
Recognition Program of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
Type 2 or 4X Enclosure rating (Face only), UL50
IECEE CB Scheme Test Certificate # UL1239-156876/USA,
CB Scheme Test Report # 96ME50279-070794
Issued by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
IEC 1010-1, EN 61010-1: Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use, Part 1.
IP65 Enclosure rating (Face only), IEC 529
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
Immunity to EN 50082-2
Electrostatic discharge
Electromagnetic RF fields
Fast transients (burst)
RF conducted interference
EN 61000-4-2 Level 2; 4 Kv contact
EN 61000-4-3
Level 3; 8 Kv air
Level 3; 10 V/m
80 MHz - 1 GHz
1
EN61000-4-4 Level 4; 2 Kv I/O
Level 3; 2 Kv power
EN61000-4-6 Level 3; 10 V/rms
150 KHz - 80 MHz
Emissions to EN 50081-2
RF interference EN 55011 Enclosure class A
Power mains class A
Notes:
1. Self-recoverable loss of performance during EMI disturbance at 10 V/m:
Analog output signal, Heater Current Monitor input and Motorized
Valve Positioner input signal may deviate during EMI disturbance.
For operation without loss of performance:
Install power line filter, RLC #LFIL0000 or equivalent.
2. Self-recoverable loss of performance during EMI disturbance at 10 Vrms:
Analog output signal may deviate during EMI disturbance.
For operation without loss of performance: a. Install power line filter, RLC #LFIL0000 or equivalent.
b. Install 1 ferrite core 1 turn, RLC #FCOR0000 or equivalent, to cable at unit.
Refer to the EMC Installation Guidelines section of the manual for additional information.
77
22. CONNECTION: Jaw-type terminal block
Wire Range: 12-30 AWG copper wire
Torque: 5-7 inch-lbs (56-79 N-cm)
23. CONSTRUCTION: NEMA 2 for standard models.
Front Panel: Flame and scratch resistant tinted plastic
Case: High impact black plastic. (Mounting collar included)
NEMA 4X/IP65 model only: Sealed bezel utilizing two captive mounting screws (panel gasket included). This unit is rated for NEMA 4X/IP65 indoor use. Installation Category II, Pollution Degree 2
24. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS:
Operating Temperature: 0 to 50°C
Storage Temperature: -40 to 80°C
Operating and Storage Humidity: 85% max. relative humidity
(non-condensing) from 0°C to 50°C.
Altitude: Up to 2000 meters
25. WEIGHT: 1.3 lbs (0.6 kgs)
ACCESSORIES:
External SSR Power Unit:
Switched Voltage Range: 50 to 280 VAC (Nominal: 240 VAC)
Load Current: 45 Amps @ 25°C ambient temperature
35 Amps @ 50°C ambient temperature
On State Input: 3 to 32 VDC @ 1500 W impedance. (Isolated)
(Use Logic/SSR Drive Output Module.)
Off State Input: 0.0 to 1.0 VDC
Size: 5.5" (14 cm) L x 4.75" (12 cm) W x 2.62" (6.6 cm) H
Current transformer:
Current Ratio: 50:0.1 (Amperes)
Accuracy: ± 5.0%
Operating Frequency: 50-400 Hz
Insulation Class: 0.6 Kv BIL 10 Kv full wave
Terminals: Brass studs No. 8-36, (flat washer, washer, nut)
Weight: 8.0 oz (226 g)
APPENDIX “C” - TROUBLESHOOTING
The majority of problems can be traced to improper connections or incorrect set-up parameters.
Be sure all connections are clean and tight, that the correct output module is fitted, and that the set-up parameters are correct. For further technical assistance, contact technical support at the numbers listed on the back cover of the instruction manual.
Problems
NO DISPLAY
INDICATOR
NOT WORKING
“E-FP” IN DISPLAY
“E-UP” IN DISPLAY
“E-E2” IN DISPLAY
“E-CJ” FLASHING IN
UPPER DISPLAY
“....” OR “-...” IN DISPLAY
“OPEN” IN DISPLAY
Possible Cause
1. Power off
2. Voltage selector switch in the wrong position.
3. Brown out condition.
4. Loose connection or improperly wired.
5. Bezel assembly not fully seated into rear of unit.
1. Incorrect parameter set-up.
1. Defective front panel button.
1. Internal problem with controller.
1. Loss of set-up parameters due to noise spike.
1. Input jumper set for RTD and input programming set for thermocouple.
1. Temperature over 999.9 or under -99.9.
2. Defective or mis-calibrated cold junction circuit.
3. Loss of set-up parameters.
4. Internal malfunction.
1. Probe disconnected.
2. Input selector jumper in wrong position.
3. Broken or burned out probe.
4. Corroded or broken terminations.
5. Excessive process temperature.
Remedies
1. Check power.
2. Check selector switch position.
3. Verify power reading.
4. Check connections.
5. Check installation.
1. Check set-up parameters.
a. Power-up unit for self-test.
1. Press DSP to escape, then check all buttons for proper operation.
2. Replace unit
1. Replace unit.
1. Press DSP to clear, then check all set-up parameters.
a. Check sensor input and AC line for excessive noise.
b. If fault persists, replace unit.
1. Check input jumper position.
1. Change to 1° resolution.
a. Verify temperature reading.
2. Check cold junction calibration.
3. Check set-up parameters.
4. Check calibration.
1. Connect probe.
2. Verify correct jumper position.
3. Replace probe.
4. Check connections.
5. Check process parameters.
78
Problems
“OLOL” IN DISPLAY
“ULUL” IN DISPLAY
Possible Cause
1. Temperature exceeds range of input probe.
2. Excessive positive probe temperature.
3. Loss of set-up parameters.
1. Temperature below range of input probe.
2. Excessive negative probe temperature.
3. Loss of set-up parameters.
1. RTD probe shorted.
“SHrt” IN DISPLAY
“VALV” IN DISPLAY
Valve Fail Alarm
“SLId” IN DISPLAY
TEMPERATURE SLUGGISH OR
NOT STABLE
EXCESSIVE VALVE ACTIVITY OR
HUNTING
OUTPUTS NOT WORKING
LINEAR DC OUTPUT
NOT WORKING
CONTROLLER LOCKS UP
OR RESETS
1. Valve or valve motor jammed.
2. Loss of power to valve motor.
3. Slidewire feedback signal lost.
1. Slidewire feedback signal lost.
1. Incorrect PID values.
2. Heater undersize.
3. Improper probe location.
1. Insufficient valve control deadband.
2. Insufficient output dampening.
3. Incorrect PID values.
4. Valve update time too short.
1. Output module not installed.
2. Improperly wired.
3. Incorrect output module.
4. Defective output module.
1. Improper load resistance.
2. Incorrect programming or scaling.
3. Connections reversed.
4. DC voltage source in loop (4 to 20 mA only).
1. Noise spikes entering controller due to load switching transients.
2. Defective controller.
Remedies
1. Change to input sensor with a higher temperature range.
2. Reduce temperature.
3. Check set-up.
1. Change to input sensor with lower bottom range.
2. Increase temperature.
3. Check set-up parameters.
1. Check wiring.
2. Replace RTD probe.
1. Check valve or valve motor for operation.
2. Check power to valve motor.
3. Increase valve fail time.
1. Check slidewire feedback signal.
1. See PID Control.
2. Increase heating power.
3. Evaluate probe location.
1. Increase valve deadband.
2. Increase output dampening.
3. See PID Control.
4. Increase valve update time.
1. Install output module.
2. Check wiring.
3. Check output module.
4. Check or replace output module.
1. Check load resistance.
2. Check programming.
3. Check connections.
4. This is an active loop. Remove all DC voltage sources (4 to 20 mA only).
1. Use RC snubber across the load.
a. Use Triac output modules whenever possible.
b. Use separate AC feed line to controller.
c. Locate controller & signal lines away from noise producing mechanisms (solenoids, transformers, etc).
2. Replace Unit.
79
Output Leakage Current
The AL1 and AL2/OP2 outputs of the TCU have an RC Network (Snubber) on the Normally Open contacts. High energy noise spikes are generated whenever current through an inductive load (such as motors, solenoids or relay coils) is interrupted. This noise may interfere with the unit doing the switching and other nearby equipment causing erratic operation and accelerate relay contact wear.
The Snubber Network is specifically designed with a capacitor and resistor connected in series and installed across relay contacts. The network will have a small amount of AC leakage current even when the TCU’s Relay Module is
“off”. The leakage current is 2.1 mA nominal at a line voltage of 120 VAC, and 4.3 mA nominal at 240 VAC respectively. Leakage current may cause some loads to stay on or to turn on when the Relay Module is turned off. This would only occur in unusual applications (such as with a relay with unusually low holding current or an LED). The leakage current may be eliminated by disabling the snubber, however, doing so will degrade the EMC performance of the unit.
First determine which output is associated with the leakage current: either
AL1 or AL2/OP2. Remove the Bezel Assembly from the case (see Removing
Bezel Assembly, page 5). The snubbers are located on the Option PCB (on the right side of the unit when viewed from the front). The snubbers consist of a capacitor and a resistor. The two resistors are located along the upper rear edge of the Option PCB. They are green in color and have color code stripes of yellow, violet, black and gold. There will be markings on the PCB close to the resistors that say “SNUB1” and “SNUB2” for AL1 and AL2/OP2 respectively. Using a pair of diagonal cutters, cut both leads of the appropriate resistor and remove it from the unit. Be sure to remove the resistor for only the problem alarm channel; leave the other channel’s snubber functional in case it is needed.
The above stated leakage currents are valid when using the Relay Module
(OMD00000). The Triac Module (OMD00001) has its own built in snubber and will introduce additional leakage current into the circuit. The Triac
Module has leakage current of 2.1 mA nominal at a line voltage of 120 VAC, and 4.3 mA nominal at 240 VAC.
Note: The Snubber Network will be in one of the two configurations shown above, depending on model ordered.
80
APPENDIX “D” - MANUAL TUNING
Open Loop Step Response Method
The Open Loop Step Response Method is a tuning procedure that does not induce process oscillations. This method involves making a step change to the process and observing the process reaction. A strip paper recorder or other high resolution data logging equipment is required for this procedure. This procedure requires that all disturbances to the process are minimized because the data is influenced by these disturbances.
1) Connect a chart recorder to log temperature and set the paper speed appropriate for the process.
2) Set the controller to manual (user) control mode.
3) Allow the process to stabilize (line out).
4) Make a step change of 10% or more in the controller output. It may be necessary to increase the size of the step to yield a sufficient process reaction curve.
5) Record the response of the process. Use the information from the table to calculate the controller tuning values. The PID tuning parameters are
determined graphically from Figure 43, Process Reaction Curve. Draw a
vertical line at the moment the step change was made. Draw a line (labeled tangent) through the process reaction curve at its maximum upward slope.
Extend this line to intersect the vertical line.
Example: From the Process reaction Curve a = 30°, t = 300 sec, step = 10%, thermocouple range = 1700°F.
For fast response:
Prop
Intt dert
OPdP
=
=
=
=
35.3%
900 sec
120 sec
15
Parameter
Proportional Band (%)
Integral Time (Sec)
Derivative Time (Sec)
Output Power
Dampening (Sec)
Fast
Response
20000a
Range ´ Step%
3t
0.4t
t/20
Damped
Response
40000a
Range ´ Step%
4t
0.4t
t/15
Slow
Response
60000a
Range ´ Step%
5t
0.4t
t/10
Figure 43, Process Reaction Curve
81
Closed Loop Cycling Method
An alternative to auto-tuning is manual tuning. This tuning method induces oscillations into the process in the same way as the controller’s auto-tune function. If oscillations are not acceptable, the open-loop tuning method can be used.
The following is a manual tuning procedure for determination of the PID control constants.
1. Connect a chart recorder to log temperature and set the paper speed appropriate for the process.
2. Set the controller to automatic (auto) control mode.
3. Set proportional band to 999.9%. (maximum setting)
4. Set integral time and derivative time to 0 seconds.
5. Decrease proportional band (increase controller gain) by factors of two until process just begins to oscillate and the oscillations are sustained.
Make a small change in setpoint to provide a stimulus for oscillations.
Allow adequate time for the process to respond. If oscillations appear to grow, increase proportional band. Adjust the proportional band until steady oscillations appear.
6. Note the peak-to-peak amplitude of the cycle (a) in degrees and the period of oscillation (t) in seconds.
Parameter
Proportional Band (%)
Integral Time (sec)
Derivative Time (sec)
Output Power
Dampening (sec)
Fast Response
200a/range
1t
0.2t
t/40
Damped
Response
400a/range
2t
0.25t
t/30
Slow
Response
600a/range
3t
0.25t
t/20
Figure 44, Closed Loop Tuning
82
APPENDIX “E” - CALIBRATION
Calibration Check
The instrument has been fully calibrated at the factory for all thermocouple and RTD types. If the unit appears to be indicating or controlling incorrectly,
see Troubleshooting, page 78, before attempting this procedure.
If the controller is suspected of reading incorrectly, the instrument may be checked for indication accuracy without disturbing the factory calibration.
The five parameters to be checked are: mV reading, thermocouple cold junction temperature, RTD ohms reading, and linear DC output and Second
Input. The following procedures may be used for this purpose.
Note: Allow ½ hour warm-up with the controller in an upright position to allow adequate ventilation to the case before checking these parameters.
mV Reading Check
1. Place the input sensor selection jumper in the TC position.
2. Connect a DC mV source with an accuracy of 0.01% or better to terminal #9
(+) & #10 (-).
3. Select the controller to indicate linear mV (lin), in Configure Input
Parameters.
4. Compare the controller read-out to the standard at various points over the range (-5.00 mV to 54.00 mV). The tolerance is 0.15% of reading ± 1 LSD.
5. Calibrate the controller if the readings are out of tolerance.
Thermocouple Cold Junction Temperature Check
1. Place the input sensor selection jumper in the TC position.
2. Place a reference temperature probe in immediate vicinity of terminal #9 &
#10.
3. Install a shorting wire to terminals #9 & #10.
4. With thermocouple type t selected, compare controller read-out with a calibrated probe. Allow sufficient time for temperatures to equalize. The tolerance is ± 1°C.
5. Calibrate the cold junction temperature if out of tolerance.
RTD Ohms Reading
1. Place the input sensor jumper in the RTD position.
2. Connect RTD simulator to terminals #8, #9, & #10 (with an accuracy of 0.1
ohm or better).
3. Select the controller for linear ohms (rLIn) read-out, in Configure Input
Parameters.
4. Compare the controller read-out with the RTD simulator at various points over the range 0.0 to 300.0 ohms. The tolerance is 0.15% of reading ±
1LSD.
5. Calibrate the controller RTD ohms if out of tolerance.
Linear DC Output Check
1. Connect an ammeter to the linear output (#11 & #12) with an accuracy of
0.1% or better.
2. Set “ANAS” (Analog Assignment) to “INP”, in Configure Input
Parameters.
3. Drive the input signal level below the programmed “ANLO” value. Check for 4 mA (± 0.02 mA).
4. Drive the input signal level above the programmed “ANHI” value. Check for 20 mA (± 0.03 mA).
5. Calibrate the controller linear DC output if out of tolerance.
0 to 10 VDC
1. Connect a voltmeter to the linear output (#11 & #12).
2. Set “ANAS” (Analog Assignment) to “INP”, in Configure Input
Parameters.
3. Drive the input signal level below the programmed “ANLO” value. Check for 0 VDC (± 20 mV).
4. Drive the input signal level above the programmed “ANHI” value. Check for 10 VDC (± 30 mV).
5. Calibrate the controller linear DC output if out of tolerance.
83
Second Input Check
The Second Input Check applies to those models that have the Second
Analog Input (Remote Setpoint), Heater Current Monitor and Valve
Positioner options. Different signals are required for each option.
Heater Current Monitor Check
1. Apply signals over the range of 0 to 100 mA AC, 60 Hz to the terminals labeled CT. The tolerance is 1% of full scale ± 1 LSD (10 to 100% of range).
2. Calibrate the Heater Current Monitor if out of tolerance.
Second Analog Input Check
1. Apply signals over the range of 0 to 20 mA DC to the terminals labeled
Second Input, 4-20 mA+ and 4-20 mA-. The tolerance is 0.2% of full scale
± 1 LSD.
2. Calibrate the Second Analog Input if out of tolerance.
Valve Positioner Check
1. Apply signals derived from the resistor string as described in Valve
Positioner Calibration. The tolerance is 0.2% of full scale ± 1 LSD.
2. Calibrate the Second Analog Input if out of tolerance.
Calibration
When re-calibration is required (generally every two years), this procedure should be performed by qualified technicians using appropriate equipment.
Equipment source accuracy of 0.01% or better is required.
The procedure consists of: applying accurate mV signals, setting the thermocouple cold junction temperature, applying precision resistance and measuring accurate mA currents, among others. Allow a 30 minute warm-up period before starting this procedure. Do not use thermocouple wire at any stage of calibration.
This procedure may be aborted by disconnecting power to the controller before exiting the configuration mode. The existing calibration settings remain in affect.
Note: After completing any of the calibration sequences, the controller defaults the input sensor type to thermocouple type “J” (tc-j). Be sure to set input sensor for proper type.
84
Configure Step 9 - Factory Service Operations (9-Fs)
Display
Code
CAL
Parameter
Enter factor service function code
Millivolt Calibration
48 yes/no
Description/Comments
Calibrate instrument
CJC rtd
ANCL
2CAL
Thermocouple cold junction temperature calibration
RTD Resistance
Calibration
Analog Output
Second Analog Input
Calibration yes/no yes/no yes/no yes/no
Calibration required for both
RTD and TC input. If this procedure is performed, the cold junction temp and RTD ohms calibration procedures in turn must be completed.
Not required if only using RTD input. This procedure can only be performed AFTER an accurate millivolt calibration.
Not required if only using TC input. This procedure can only be performed AFTER an accurate mV calibration.
This parameter will not appear if analog output option is not installed.
This parameter will not appear if second analog input is not installed.
Millivolt Calibration (Cal)
Connect precision millivolt source with an accuracy of 0.01% to terminals
(+) #9 and (-) #10. Place the input sensor select jumper in the TC position.
Display
StP1
StP2
StP3
StP4
StP5
StP6
StP7
StP-
Parameter
0.0 mV step
9.00 mV step
18.0 mV step
27.0 mV step
36.0 mV step
45.0 mV step
54.0 mV step
Pause
Description/Comments
Apply 0.0 mV, wait 10 seconds, press PAR.
Apply 9.0 mV, wait 10 seconds, press PAR.
Apply 18.0 mV, wait 10 seconds, press PAR.
Apply 27.0 mV, wait 10 seconds, press PAR.
Apply 36.0 mV, wait 10 seconds, press PAR.
Apply 45.0 mV, Wait 10 seconds, press PAR.
Apply 54.0 mV, wait 10 seconds, press PAR.
The controller imposes a 5 second delay.
(keep the 54 mV signal applied)
The unit then advances to CJC - NO.
Thermocouple Cold Junction Calibration (CJC)
This procedure must be performed AFTER an accurate mV calibration. Fix internal input-select jumper to “TC” position.
1. Exit Factory Service Operations and return to Normal Display Mode.
2. Connect a thermocouple probe of known accuracy to the controller (Types
T, E, J, K, and N only). Select the probe type used in Configure Module 1.
3. Connect a reference temperature probe to the measuring end of the TCU thermocouple probe. The two probes should be shielded from air movement and allowed sufficient time to equalize in temperature. (As an alternative, the TCU thermocouple probe may be placed in a calibration bath of known temperature.)
4. Compare Controller display with reference temperature probe (or calibration bath). If the displayed controller temperature does not equal the reference probe temperature, calculate the CJ Error as follows:
CJ Error = reference probe temperature - displayed controller temperature.
5. Enter Factory Service Operations Module (9-FS).
Display
CJF or
CJC
Parameter
Cold Junction
Temperature
Description/Comments
Allow 5 minutes for temperature to equalize.
Observe indicated cold junction temperature. Add the calculated CJ Error to the displayed value. Enter the sum as the new value for CJC (or CJF).
Exit 9-FS and repeat Step 4.
Note: If the initial value for CJC (CJF) is not within the range 15.0°C to 40.0°C
(59.0°F to 104.0°F), enter 25.0°C
(77.0°F) for CJC (CJF) and repeat the
Cold Junction Calibration procedure.
RTD Ohms Calibration (rtd)
This procedure must be performed AFTER an accurate mV calibration. Fix internal input-select jumper to “RTD” position. Connect one leg of precision resistance (accuracy of 0.1 ohm) to terminals #8 and #9 together, and the other leg to #10.
Display
Rtd1
Rtd2
Parameter
0.0 ohms step
277.0 ohms step
Description/Comments
Connect 0.0 ohms resistance (jumper wire), wait ten seconds, press PAR.
Connect 277.0 ohm resistance, wait ten seconds, press PAR.
Analog Output Calibration (ANCL)
4 to 20 mA
Press PAR until ANCL appears in the display. Connect precision ammeter
(0.1% accuracy) to rear terminals (+) #11 and (-) #12.
Display
ANC1
ANC2
Parameter
Analog output 4 mA code value
Analog output 20 mA code value
Description/Comments
Observe current reading. If 4.00 mA, press PAR. If not equal, modify existing code value using up and down buttons to achieve 4.00 mA. Press PAR.
Observe current reading. If 20.00 mA,
Press PAR. If not equal, modify existing code value using up and down buttons to achieve 20.00 mA. Press PAR.
85
Analog Output Calibration (ANCL) (Cont’d)
0 to 10 VDC
Press PAR until ANCL appears in the display. Connect a precision voltmeter (0.1% accuracy) to rear terminals (+) #11 and (-) #12.
Display
ANC1
ANC2
Parameter
Analog output 0 VDC code value
Analog output 10
VDC code value
Description/Comments
Observe voltage reading. If 0.00 VDC, press PAR. If not equal, modify existing code value using up and down buttons to achieve 0.00 VDC. Press PAR.
Observe voltage reading. If 10.00 VDC,
Press PAR. If not equal, modify existing code value using up and down buttons to achieve 10.00 VDC. Press PAR.
Second Analog Input Calibration (2CAL)
The signals applied to the Second analog Input for calibration depend on the type of model. Second Analog Input, Heater Current Monitor, and
Motorized Valve Positioner represent the models for which unique calibration signals are required.
Second Analog Input (Remote Setpoint)
Connect precision DC milliampere source (0.01% accuracy) to rear terminals labeled Second Analog Input, 4-20 mA+ and 4-20 mA-.
Display
StP1
StP2
StP3
StP4
StP5
Parameter
0.00 mA step
5.00 mA step
10.00 mA step
15.00 mA step
20.00 mA step
Description/Comments
Apply 0.00 mA DC, press PAR.
Apply 5.00 mA DC, press PAR.
Apply 10.00 mA DC, press PAR.
Apply 15.00 mA DC, press PAR.
Apply 20.00 mA DC, press PAR.
Heater Current Monitor
Connect precision AC milliampere source (0.1% accuracy) to rear terminals labeled Second Analog Input, CT+ And CT-.
Display
StP1
StP2
StP3
StP4
StP5
Parameter
0.0 mA step
25.0 mA step
50.0 mA step
75.0 mA step
100.0 mA step
Description/Comments
Apply 0.0 mA AC 60 Hz, press PAR.
Apply 25.0 mA AC 60 Hz, press PAR.
Apply 50.0 mA AC 60 Hz, press PAR.
Apply 75.0 mA AC 60 Hz, press PAR.
Apply 100.0 mA AC 60 Hz, press PAR.
Motorized Valve Positioner
Construct a precision resistor divider network consisting of four
250W 0.1% tolerance resistors connected in series as shown in
Connect one end of the resistor string to the rear terminal labeled
Slidewire Feedback Inputs,
Comm. and the other end to
Excitation. The connection to the
Wiper terminal comes from different points of the resistor string.
Display
StP1
StP2
StP3
StP4
StP5
Parameter
0.0% step
25.0% step
50.0% step
75.0% step
100.0% step
Figure 45, Resistor Divider
Description/Comments
Connect wiper input to 0% point of divider
(Comm.), wait 10 seconds, press PAR.
Connect wiper input to 25% point of divider, wait 10 seconds, press PAR.
Connect wiper input to 50% point of divider, wait 10 seconds, press PAR.
Connect wiper input to 75% point of divider, wait 10 seconds, press PAR.
Connect wiper input to 100% point of divider
(Excitation), wait 10 seconds press PAR.
86
APPENDIX “F”- USER PARAMETER VALUE CHART
UNIT NUMBER
MNEMONIC
SP
OPOF
OP
ProP
Intt dErt
Pb-2
It-2 dt-2 rtio bIAS
AL-1
AL-2
PARAMETER
Temperature Setpoint
Output Power Offset
Output Power
Proportional Band
Integral Time
Derivative Time
Proportional Band #2
(secondary)
Integral Time #2 (secondary)
Derivative Time #2 (secondary)
Remote Setpoint Ratio
Remote Setpoint Bias
Alarm 1
Alarm 2
CONFIGURE INPUT
MNEMONIC
tYPE
SCAL dCPt
FLtr
SPAN
SHFt
SPLO
SPHI
SPrP
InPt
HCur
PARAMETER
Input Sensor Type
Temperature Scale Units
Temperature Resolution
Digital Filtering
Input Slope
Input Offset
Setpoint Lower Limit
Setpoint Upper Limit
Ramp Rate
User Input
Heater Current Scaling
USER SETTING
USER SETTING
CONFIGURE OUTPUT
MNEMONIC
CYCt
OPAC
OPLO
OPHI
OPFL
OPdP
CHYS tcod
ANAS
ANLO
ANHI
ANdb
ANut
PARAMETER
Cycle Time
Control Action
Output Power Lower Limit
Range
Output Power Upper Limit
Range
Sensor Fail Power Preset
Output Power Dampening
ON/OFF Control Hysteresis
Auto-Tune Dampening Code
Linear Output Assignment
Linear Output Scale Value
Linear Output Scale Value
Linear Output Deadband
Linear Output Update Time
USER SETTING
87
CONFIGURE LOCKOUTS
MNEMONIC
SP
OP dEv
HCur
IN-2
UdSP
Code
PID
PID2 rtbs
AL
ALrS
SPSL trnF tUNE
PARAMETER
Access Setpoint
Access Output Power
Access Deviation Display
Access Heater Current Display
Access Second Analog Input
Display
Access Display Units
Access Code Number
Access Primary PID Values
Access Secondary PID Values
Access Ratio and Bias Values
Access Alarm(s) Values
Enable Reset Alarm(s)
Enable Local/Remote Setpoint
Selection
Enable Auto/Man Transfer
Enable Auto-tune
CONFIGURE ALARMS
MNEMONIC
Act1 rSt1
Stb1
AL-1
Act2 rSt2
Stb2
AL-2
AHYS
PARAMETER
Alarm 1 Operation Mode
Alarm 1 Reset Mode
Alarm 1 Standby Enabled
Alarm 1 Value
Alarm 2 Operation Mode
Alarm 2 Reset Mode
Alarm 2 Standby Enabled
Alarm 2 Value
Alarm Hysteresis Value
CONFIGURE COOLING
MNEMONIC
CYC2
GAN2 db-2
PARAMETER
OP2 Output Cycle Time
Relative Cooling Gain
Heat-Cool Overlap/Deadband
USER SETTING
USER SETTING
USER SETTING
CONFIGURE SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
MNEMONIC
bAUd
PArb
Addr
Abrv
PrAt
PoPt
IN2
Pb2
It2 dt2
SP2
HCr
OFP r_P
Crg
Cdb
OSt rAt bIA
RSP
SEt
OPr
Pbd
INt dEr
AL1
AL2 dEv
PARAMETER
Baud Rate
Parity Bit
Unit Address
Abbrev. or Full Transmission
Automatic Print Rate
Print Options
INP
USER SETTING
88
CONFIGURE SECOND ANALOG INPUT
MNEMONIC
OPEr root dPt2 dSP1
INP1 dSP2
INP2
SPtr
OPd2
PARAMETER
Second Input Operating Mode
Second Input Square Root
Linearization
Second Input Decimal Point
Position
Second Input, Display Scale
Point 1
Second Input, Input Scale Point
1
Second Input, Display Scale
Point 2
Second Input, Input Scale Point
2
Local/Remote Setpoint Select
Action
Secondary PID Output Power
Dampening
CONFIGURE VALVE POSITIONER
MNEMONIC
VPS1
VPS2
VUdt
VPdb
VFAL
VOPt
VCLt
VONt
PARAMETER
Valve Positioner Scale Point 1
Valve Positioner Scale Point 2
Valve Positioner Update Time
Valve Positioner Deadband
Valve Positioner Fail Time
Alarm
Valve Positioner Motor Open
Transit Time
Valve Positioner Motor Close
Transit Time
Valve Positioner Minimum On
Time
USER SETTING
USER SETTING
CONTROLLER OPERATING MODE
Local or Remote Setpoint
Automatic or Manual
Auto-tune Invoked at
89
APPENDIX “G” ORDERING INFORMATION
MODELS WITHOUT SECOND INPUT OPTIONS (STANDARD)
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
NEMA
4X/IP65
BEZEL
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
4 to 20 mA
ANALOG
OUTPUT
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
0 to 10 VDC
ANALOG
OUTPUT
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
ALARM
OUTPUTS
NO
2
1
2
2
1
NO
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
COOLING
OUTPUT
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
RS485
COM
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
YES
PART NUMBER
115/230 VAC
TCU00000
TCU00001
TCU00002
TCU01001
TCU01004
TCU01005
TCU10000
TCU10001
TCU10002
TCU11001
TCU11002
TCU11004
TCU11005
TCU12001
TCU12004
TCU12005
These models have dual alarm outputs, or single alarm with cooling outputs, with shared common terminals
(Form A Type). As a result, these outputs should be fitted with the same type of output module. The main output
(OP1) may be fitted with any type of output module.
HEATER CURRENT MONITOR MODELS
NEMA
4X/IP65
BEZEL
YES
YES
4 to 20 mA
ANALOG
OUTPUT
NO
YES
0 to 10 VDC
ANALOG
OUTPUT
NO
NO
ALARM
OUTPUTS
2
2
COOLING
OUTPUT
NO
NO
RS485
COM
YES
NO
PART NUMBER
115/230 VAC
TCU10204
TCU11208
These models have dual alarm outputs, or single alarm with cooling outputs, with shared common terminals
(Form A Type). As a result, these outputs should be fitted with the same type of output module. The main output
(OP1) may be fitted with any type of output module.
90
SECOND ANALOG INPUT MODELS
NEMA
4X/IP65
BEZEL
YES
4 to 20 mA
ANALOG
OUTPUT
NO
0 to 10 VDC
ANALOG
OUTPUT
NO
ALARM
OUTPUTS
COOLING
OUTPUT
RS485
COM
PART NUMBER
115/230 VAC
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
2
2
NO
NO
YES
NO
TCU10104
TCU11108
2 NO NO TCU12108
These models have dual alarm outputs, or single alarm with cooling outputs, with shared common terminals
(Form A Type). As a result, these outputs should be fitted with the same type of output module. The main output (OP1) may be fitted with any type of output module.
MOTORIZED VALVE POSITIONER MODELS
NEMA
4X/IP65
BEZEL
YES
YES
YES
4 to 20 mA
ANALOG
OUTPUT
NO
YES
NO
0 to 10 VDC
ANALOG
OUTPUT
NO
NO
YES
ALARM
OUTPUTS
1
1
1
COOLING
OUTPUT
NO
NO
NO
RS485
COM
YES
NO
NO
PART NUMBER
115/230 VAC
TCU10307
TCU11306
TCU12306
DESCRIPTION
Relay Module
Triac Module
Logic/SSR Drive Module
SSR Power Unit
50:0.1 Ampere Current Transformer
40: 0.1 Ampere Current Transformer
PART NUMBER
OMD00000
OMD00001
OMD00003
RLY50000
CT005001
CT004001
Note: Output Modules are NOT supplied with the controller. When specifying the controller, be sure to purchase the appropriate output module for the Main Control Output and if necessary, the alarm output(s), the cooling output, and valve positioner outputs. The controller can be fitted with any combination of output modules.
The Logic/SSR Drive Module is a switched DC source, intended to drive the DC input of an SSR power unit. It should never be connected to line voltage.
All modules are packaged separately and must be installed by the user.
91
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92
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93
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94
TCUCOVR-L.QXD 3/23/05 4:10 PM Page 3
LIMITED WARRANTY
The Company warrants the products it manufactures against defects in materials and workmanship for a period limited to one year from the date of shipment, provided the products have been stored, handled, installed, and used under proper conditions. The Company’s liability under this limited warranty shall extend only to the repair or replacement of a defective product, at The Company’s option. The Company disclaims all liability for any affirmation, promise or representation with respect to the products.
The customer agrees to hold Red Lion Controls harmless from, defend, and indemnify RLC against damages, claims, and expenses arising out of subsequent sales of RLC products or products containing components manufactured by RLC and based upon personal injuries, deaths, property damage, lost profits, and other matters which Buyer, its employees, or subcontractors are or may be to any extent liable, including without limitation penalties imposed by the Consumer Product Safety Act (P.L. 92-573) and liability imposed upon any person pursuant to the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act (P.L. 93-637), as now in effect or as amended hereafter.
No warranties expressed or implied are created with respect to The Company’s products except those expressly contained herein. The Customer acknowledges the disclaimers and limitations contained and relies on no other warranties or affirmations.
TCUCOVR-L.QXD 3/23/05 4:10 PM Page 4
TCU/IM - L 10/03
DRAWING NO. LP0235
Red Lion Controls
20 Willow Springs Circle
York PA 17402
Tel +1 (717) 767-6511
Fax +1 (717) 764-0839
Red Lion Controls BV
Basicweg 11b
NL - 3821 BR Amersfoort
Tel +31 (0) 334 723 225
Fax +31 (0) 334 893 793
Red Lion Controls Asia
31, Kaki Bukit Road 3,
#06-04/05 TechLink
Singapore 417818
Tel +65 6744-6613
Fax +65 6743-3360
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