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Commercial System Design Guide
APsystems YC1000-3
Photovoltaic Grid-connected Microinverter
Version 1.1
© All Rights Reserved
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 1
Content
APsystems Microinverter is the world’s most technologically advanced inverter for using in utility-interactive applications. APsystems Microinverter System delivers design flexibility, integrated intelligence, increased energy harvest, and system availability not found in a central inverter-based system.
NOTE:
This indicates information that is important for optimized microinverter operation. Follow these instructions closely.
NOTE
SYMBOL
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 2
Introduction of Grid-connected System with YC1000-3
YC1000-3 microinverter introduction
APsystems YC1000-3 is the first three-Phase Microinverter in the world. Here is the difference below when comparing with other inverters. If you want to know more about APsystems microinverter please click www.APsystems.com
First Three-Phase Microinverter in the world
No Electrolytic capacitors
Four modules connecting
Balanced three-phase output
Power line / Zigbee
Individual module monitoring
System diagram
Figure 1
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 3
Introduction of Grid-connected System with YC500
Equipments Introduction
The three key elements of an APsystems Microinverter YC1000-3 System include the:
1) APsystems Microinverter YC1000-3
APsystems YC1000-3 Microinverter is the first three-Phase Microinverter in the world. The YC1000-3 Microinverter is 95% efficient and works with 60&72&96 cells modules up to 400W. It convert the DC power from PV modules to AC power and feed the AC power into the grid. One YC1000-3 can connect 4 modules and its maximum output power is 900W and output balanced three-phase voltage.
YC1000-3 use zigbee communication with ECU. It avoid interfernce of the noise in the power line comparing with PLC communication.
2) APsystems Energy Communication Unit (ECU)
The Energy Communication Unit(ECU) is a system monitoring device. The ECU uses the Zigbee signal to communicate with each YC1000-3 microinverter. The
ECU connects to the Internet through a broadband router and other networking components, and uploads microinverter data to APsystems EMA server. If you want to know more about ECU, please refer to the user manual of ECU by click this address www.APsystems.com
Figure 2
Figure 3
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 4
Introduction of Grid-connected System with YC500
3) APsystems Energy Monitoring and Analysis (EMA )
The Energy Monitoring and Analysis(EMA) is a web-based tool to manage
APsystems Microinverter Systems. Use EMA to access and monitor your fleet of PV installations down to the individual module. EMA provides detailed diagnostics so that you can determine whether a system is performing as expected.
Other equipments:
1) Distribution Box
Circuit breakers must be installed before the PV system connecting to the grid, which will provide safe and convenient maintenance. Equipments like circuit breakers, meters can all be installed in a box which we called distribution box.
The fig below shows a typical distribution box including circuit and panel.
Figure 4
Figure 5
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 5
Introduction of Grid-connected System with YC500
2) Cables
AC Bus Cable
The AC Bus Cable is an innovative cabling system used to connect APsystems
YC1000-3 Microinverters. AC BUS Cable has a T connector for each YC1000-3 microinverter, with connectors placed every 2 meters for portrait applications, or 4 meters for landscape applications. The cable’s size is 14AWG. AC Bus Cable is available for three phase applications and must be ordered for the appropriate application.
AC End Cable
AC End cables are used to connect the AC Bus cable to the grid. Load, type, voltage drop, power loss and temperature etc. should be considered when selecting the End cable’s wire size. Because PV system is installed outdoors, the cables should be used with good quality, for example type YJV or VV are preferred, and the current density is designed in the range of 2-4A/ mm should not be more than 2% that of the whole system.
2 , and the power loss
3) AC End Cap
Each branch should install an protective end cap at the end of the AC Bus cable.
End Cap will prevent the water to come into the end cable.
Figure 6
Figure 7
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 6
Introduction of Grid-connected System with YC500
4) AC T connectors Cap
Cover all unused T connectors with sealing caps to protect the T connectors.
5) AC Junction Box
Install an appropriate AC Junction Box at a suitable location on the PV racking system (at the end of each branch of modules).
1. Connect the open wire end of the AC bus cable into the AC junction box using an appropriate gland or strain relief fitting.
2. Wire the conductors:
L1- RED; L2 - BLACK; L3 - PINK; N - WHITE; PE – GREEN.
3. Seal the AC junction box after complete the wiring.
Figure 8
Figure 9
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 7
Introduction of Grid-connected System with YC500
6) Array APP
ArrayApp is designed to help installers register EMA accounts quickly via their iOS smart phone devices. Using the ArrayApp application, installers can complete the registration while on the construction site, Improving the registration efficiency. Customers can use their EMA account in time. ArrayApp could connect to the EMA Server via a Wi-Fi / GPRS connection. You could download the ArrayApp with IOS system on App Store.
7) Revenue Grade Metering for Commercial Projects
Revenue grade metering is often required for commercial projects that are financed or receive incentives from government organizations. These projects usually require metering accuracy within 2% to meet revenue grade requirements. Incentive programs also require that a Performance Data Provider provide monthly production reporting. Even though the APsystems ECU rated accuracy is only within 5%, it can be paired with 2% rated revenue grade meters to meet reporting requirements. You could contact with the electrical company to apply for a Revenue Grade Meter which they admitted.
Figure 10
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 8
The Sample of 300kW Commercial System for YC1000-3
In the below chapter we will provide the detailed design steps with a 300kW commercial system by all using YC1000-3 microinverters. Follow these guidelines to make your project as trouble free as possible and we also will give some suggestions to optimize the system during design and installation period to help minimize costs, maximize performance, and ensure robust microinverter to ECU communications.
Calculate the number of APsystems YC1000-3 Microinverters
The desired system size for this example is 300kW STC. We decide to use 60 cells PV module and the STC output power is 260W. So we can calculate the
Total number of PV modules required in this system is:
300 kW
260 W / PCS
1153 .
8 PCS
1154 PCS
The required number of YC1000-3 microinverters:
1154 PCS
4
288 .
5 PCS
289 PCS
The AC output power of this system is:
288 .
5 PCS
900 W
259 .
6 kW
So this 300kW rating commercial system needs 1154pcs PV modules with the
STC output power 260W and 289 APS YC1000-3 micro-inverters, the real output power of this system would be 259.6KW.
Calculate the Number of APsystemsECUs
Usually a commercial system is composed of several subsystems, and the microinverters in each subsystem are monitor by one ECU. Recently one
Zigbee ECU can pick up 100 YC1000-3s. So we just need 3 Zigbee ECUs.
NOTE:
The Zigbee ECU is not forced to put into the distribution box. You only need put the Zigbee ECU close to the PV system to let the YC1000-3 could talk with ECU by strong zigbee signal.
Figure 11
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 9
The Sample of 300kW Commercial System for YC1000-3
Calculate the number of branches and subsystems
The Zigbee ECU could pick up about 100 YC1000-3 microinverters. So we split 289
YC1000-3 microinverters into 3 subsystems with 99+99+91 YC1000-3 microinverters.
The diagram of Subsystem 1 with 99 YC1000-3 microinverters
The diagram of Subsystem 2 with 99 YC1000-3 microinverters
Figure 12
Figure 13
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 10
The Sample of 300kW Commercial System for YC1000-3
Materials List
The table below is the components list for this system:
Type Quantity Specification
260W PV module
APsystems YC1000-3 microinverter
Distribution box
ECU-3Z
AC Bus Cable
End Cable
Junction box
Protective end cap
3-phase circuit breaker
Surge protection device
Meter
1154
389
3
3
27
27
3
3
27
27
31
Function
pcs Produce DC power pcs pcs pcs
(Zigbee communication with YC1000-3) pcs
(2 meters between each connector) pcs
(choose proper length and cable size) pcs pcs
Convert the DC power to AC power
Use to install circuit breakers and meter etc
Receive data from YC1000-3 microinverters and upload the data to EMA server
Transmit AC power to grid
Connect the last inverter to the junction box with end cable
Where connect end cable to grid
Seal the AC bus cable at the end of each branch pcs
(26 breakers with
15Ax3, 1 breaker with
4Ax3, 6 breakers with
160Ax3)
Protect the photovoltaic system pcs pcs
Protection of Outdoor lighting
Use to calculate the correct output power
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 11
The Sample of 300kW Commercial System for YC1000-3
Record the UID and Complete the installation Map
Each APsystems Microinverter has a removable serial number (UID) label located. Peel the label off, and affix it to the respective location on the APsystems installation map, so this map will show the physical location of each Microinverter in the system. It will simplify the maintenance for the system in future.
If you use the ArrayApp to register this sytem. It is still best to create the installation maps, and then scan the microinverter serial numbers from the installation map. When placing the stickers onto the map, it is best to place them with about an inch between each sticker to prevent the scanner tool from erroneously scanning the incorrect bar codes.
Quick EMA Account Registration and EMA Login
After you complete the installation map, please send the map to the mailbox [email protected] or you could register this system by your installer account. If you use the ArrayApp to resister the system. You just submit the info on your phone with internet connection. After you complete the registration, you could login in your system with entering your username and password by click www.APsystems.com to login in your system.
EMA Login Page - Insataller Account
Figure 14
Figure 15
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 12
The Sample of 300kW Commercial System for YC1000-3
Installer Portal - Customer List Page
Figure 16
Installer Portal - Module Power page
Figure 17
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 13
The Sample of 300kW Commercial System for YC1000-3
Installer Portal -DC Performace Graph page
Installer Portal - AC Performace Graph page
Figure 18
Figure 19
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 14
The Sample of 300kW Commercial System for YC1000-3
Installer Portal - Registraion page
End User Portal - DashBoard Page
NOTE:
End user account could not see the detailed AC and DC performace graph data. End user could downlod the chart by many formats.
ENERGY MONITORING
& ANALYSIS
Figure 20
Figure 21
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 15
The Sample of 300kW Commercial System for YC1000-3
End User Portal - Module Performance Page
NOTE:
The system status on the top right coner will display if this system is running well. The sign means the system is running well. The sign means the system is not running well. Please contact APsystems technical support.
ENERGY MONITORING
& ANALYSIS
End User Portal - Report Page
NOTE:
Customer could download the Yearly/Monthly/Weekly/
Daily history energy data by Excel or PDF from this page.
ENERGY MONITORING
& ANALYSIS
Figure 22
Figure 23
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 16
The Sample of 300kW Commercial System for YC1000-3
Summary of 300kW Commercial System
Above all, this 300kW commercial system can be divided into 3 subsystems.
Every subsystem has 99(or 91) YC1000-3 microivnerters, one ECU-3Z, and one surge protection devices and two 160A breakers etc. Then these YC1000-3 in a subsystem are divided into 9 branches, and every branch has 11 or 3
YC1000-3 microinverters. The detailed electrical digram is showing below:
Figure 24
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 17
The Sample of 300kW Commercial System for YC1000-3
Other installation types for YC1000 microinverters
1) YC1000 microinverters operate with 60cell or 72cell PV modules
Diagram of portrait PV array with APsystems YC1000-3 (2x2)
Figure 25
Diagram of landscape PV array with APsystems YC1000-3 (2x2)
Figure 26
Diagram of portrait PV array with APsystems YC1000-3 (1x4)
Figure 27
Diagram of landscape PV array with APsystems YC1000-3 (1x4)
Figure 28
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 18
The Sample of 300kW Commercial System for YC1000-3
Diagram of portrait PV array with APsystems YC1000-3 AC bus connection (2x2)
Diagram of landscape PV array with APsystems YC1000-3 AC bus connection (2x2)
Figure 29
Diagram of portrait PV array with distance between panels with APsystems
YC1000-3 (2x2)
Figure 30
Figure 31
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 19
The Sample of 300kW Commercial System for YC1000-3
Diagram of landscape PV array with distance between panels with APsystems
YC1000-3 (2x2)
Figure 32
2) YC1000 microinverters operate with 96cell PV modules.
Diagram of portrait PV array with APsystems YC1000-3 (1x3)
Diagram of landscape PV array with APsystems YC1000-3 (1x3)
Diagram of portrait PV array with APsystems YC1000-3
Figure 33
Figure 34
Diagram of landscape PV array horizontally with APsystems YC1000-3
Figure 35
Figure 36
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 20
Design Optimization
Through optimization of the design below, the system will perform better and it will also reduce the cost of construction and maintenance. We provide some suggestions and methods for installers to optimize the system in this chapter.
Design Tips
Panel installation tips.
1) Azimuth:You’d better keep the panel facing north if the system is in the Southern Hemisphere, or facing south if the system is in the Nothern
Hemisphere.
2) Tilt
A. Normally the best installation tilt is the latitude where the system located in when the latitude is from 0-25.
B. When the latitude is from 26-40. The best installation tilt is equal to the latitude plus 5 to 10.
C. When the latitude is from 41-55. The best installation tilt is equal to the latitude plus 10 to 15.
3) Panel model:Keep the four panels which connect to one YC1000-3 in same model, in order to provide balanced DC power input.
4) The best installation type for panels is landscape. There is no need to use
DC extenction cables which will reduce power loss on cables(See Figure 25).
YC1000-3 microinverter installation tips.
1) Install the APS YC1000-3 Microinverter under the module, out of rain and sun. Do not mount the microinverter in a position that allows long-term exposure to direct sunlight or in a vertical orientation that allows water to collect in the DC connector recess.
2) Ensure that all AC and DC wiring is correct. Ensure that none of the
AC and DC wires are pinched or damaged. Ensure that all AC isolators are properly closed. You will hear “click” which means the AC cable connection is ok.
3) Choose proper cable size when connecting the inverter to the grid with end cable if the PV system is far connecting point of grid. The power loss should not be more than 2% that of the whole system. Please see refer to the detailed introduction below.(4.2 Voltage Rise on wires)
4) Allow a minimum of 10 centimeters(cm) between the top of the roof and the bottom of the microinverter
5) Make sure the inverter’s antenna point to the ground vertically which will strengthen the Zibee communication between ECU and YC1000-3s.
Especially for the situation that the panel is very close to the roof.
Figure 37
Figure 38
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 21
Design Optimization
6) Cover all unused T connectors with sealing caps to protect the T connectors.
ECU installation tips
1) Put the ECU into the distribution box or somewhere close to the PV system, in order to bulid strong zigbee signal for the communication with ECU and
YC1000-3s. And put the antenna out of the distribution box and keep the
ECU’s antenna parallel with the YC1000-3s antenna, this also will bulid good communcation between ECU and inverters.
2) Provide an outbound port and an Ethernet connection for each ECU.
Install an always-on connection to the Internet. When the Internet connection is not on,the ECU stores data. Then, when the internet connection returns, the ECU sends stored data while simultaneously collecting and processing large amounts of live data. This delays data collection and transmission, and impedes the display of the most recent data in EMA.
EMA registration tips.
1) Don’t forget peel the serial number labels from the YC1000-3 microinverters and placing the labels on the installation map. You then use this map to build a virtual array in EMA.
2) List all YC1000-3 microinverter serial numbers and their correct placement within the array. List the tilt and azimuth of the array relative to the placement of the serial number labels.
Voltage Rise on Wires
Voltage rise must be considered when designing a photovoltaic system. Over voltage rise will consume more power, but also may trig protection function because of misjudging the grid voltage, so we advise that the total voltage rise should not be more than 2% on a single branch. The table below gives the calculation results of the voltage rise on each microinverter of a branch with YC1000-3 operating at full load. If you want to know more the how to calculate the rise on wires for YC1000-3 microinverters, please click www.APsystems.com
Figure 39
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 22
Design Optimization
Figure 40
YC1000-3 Vrise for 480V/60Hz,5 wire, 2m Portrait AC Bus 14 AWG cable.
YC1000-3
Quantity
6 7 8 9 10
VRise(V) 0.1104
0.1325
0.1546
0.1767
0.1988
11
0.2209
% 0.027% 0.033% 0.038% 0.044% 0.049% 0.055%
YC1000-3 Vrise for 480V/60Hz,5wire, Maximum end cable length for 12AWG&14AWG
AWG 6 7 8 9 10 11
#14
#12
123m
153m
105m
131m
92m
115m
82m
103m
73m
92m
67m
83m
Monitor Optimization
1) Data Polling Interval
One ECU can pick up 200 YC1000-3 Micro-inverters at most. More inverters monitored by one ECU, longer time needs for a data polling interval. Usually, a single inverter’s polling interval is about 5 seconds, which means for a system with 50 inverters, the interval will become 4-5 minutes. ECU can adjust the polling interval by a step size of 5 minutes automatically, and that will make the data provided seem regularly, for example, a system with less than 50 microinverters, the whole polling interval is 5 minutes, when there are more inverters or the communication signal is weak, ECU will adjust the interval time to become 10 minutes, and if more time is needed, the interval time will become 15 minutes, and so on. If the polling interval time for the whole system is more than 20 minutes, the adjusting step size will not be fixed, but is the actual time cost. For example, the last interval time is 22 minutes, but next polling’s interval time may be 26 minutes or others. The table below shows the relationship between polling interval time and the quantity of microinverters:
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 23
Design Optimization
YC1000-3 Microinverter Polling Interval Time
Quantity of
Inverters
Interval
Time(minute)
1
~50
5
50
~100
10
100
~150
15 or 20
Note: The polling interval time may vary with the field’s condition.
150
~200
20 or above
2) Data Transmitted by ECU
Connect the ECU to a PC, then you can monitor the data locally. If transmitting the datathat ECU had received from inverters to APsystems EMA server, EMA system will analyze and manage these data, and users can monitor the system online. There are 2 methods to upload the data to APS servers: 1. Connect ECU with a router (Both wired or wireless are ok), then the data will be transmitted to APsystems server by internet; 2. Transmit the data to base stations of mobile operators’ by GPRS, and then upload to internet, and transmit to servers.
3) Start ECU
Start the ECU, enter into the ECU local interface. The installer could enter the
YC1000-3’s UID number into the ECU muanlly or enter the UID number by
ArrayApp. If you want to know how to enter the UID into the ECU manaully, please click www.APsystems.com
to download the ECU user manual. If you want to know more about how to enteer the UID number into ECU by Array App, please click www.APsystems.com
to download the Technical training.
4) Remote Monitoring by EMA
After completing and starting the system, users can login APsystems EMA webpage to register an account(website:www.apsema.com), and Fill in the right information, then you can monitor the system anytime and anywhere.
(Please send your installation map and customer information to APsystems support mailbox to apply for a login account firstly.)
Figure 41
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 24
The Flowchart of Commercial System Designing
Figure 42
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 25
Contact Information
ALTENERGY POWER SYSTEM Inc.
Web: www.APsystems.com
APsystems Jiaxing China
No. 1, Yatai Road, Nanhu District, Jiaxing, Zhejiang
Tel: +86 573 8398 6967
Mail: [email protected]
APsystems Shanghai China
B403 No. 188, Zhangyang Road, Pudong, Shanghai
Tel: +86 021 3392 8205
Mail: [email protected]
APsystems Australia
Suite 502, 8 Help Street, Chatswood NSW 2067 Australia
Tel: +61 (0)2 8034 6587
Mail: [email protected]
APsystems America
600 Ericksen Ave NE, Suite 200 Seattle, WA 98110
Tel: 844-666-7035
Mail: [email protected]
APsystems Europe
Cypresbaan 7,2908LT,Capelle aan den Ijssel, The Netherlands
Tel: +0031-10-2582670
Mail: [email protected]
Commercial System Design Guide with APsystems YC1000-3 26
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