Vatech Green 18 Owner's Manual

Notice
Notice
Thank you for purchasing Green 18 (PHT-65LHS) extra-oral imaging system.
The primary mission of Green CT is to aid dental professionals in providing excellent
care in a safe environment that promotes healing. However, Green CT is not a product
name or a brand name.
Green 18 (PHT-65LHS) is an advanced digital diagnostic system that incorporates
PANO, CEPH (Optional), CBCT, and 3D MODEL Scan imaging capabilities into a
single system.
This manual describes how to operate the Green 18 (PHT-65LHS) system. It is
recommended that you thoroughly familiarize yourself with this manual to make the
most effective use of this equipment.
Observe all cautions, safety messages, and warnings in this manual.
Due to constant technological improvement, the manual may not contain the most
updated information and is subject to change without prior notice to the persons
concerned. For further information not covered in this manual, please contact us at:
VATECH Co., Ltd.
Phone: +82-1588-9510
E-mail: [email protected]
This document is originally written in English.
Green 18 (PHT-65LHS) is referred to as “equipment” in this manual.
Manual Name: Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
Version: 1.50
Publication Date: 2024-01
Document Number: VDH-UM-068(18)
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
iii
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Notice
iii
Table of Contents
iv
1.
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
Introduction
1.1
Overview ............................................................................................. 1
1.2
Indications for Use .............................................................................. 1
1.3
Intended Purposes .............................................................................. 1
1.4
Intended User Profiles ........................................................................ 2
1.5
Contraindications ................................................................................ 2
General Information
2.1
Manufacturer's Liability ...................................................................... 3
2.2
Owner and Operator's Obligations ...................................................... 3
2.3
Conventions in this Manual ................................................................. 4
2.4
Marks and Symbols ............................................................................. 5
Warnings and Precautions
9
3.1
General Safety Guidelines ................................................................... 9
3.2
Electricity-related Safety Precautions ............................................... 13
3.3
Radiation Safety ................................................................................ 15
3.4
Warnings ........................................................................................... 16
Imaging System Overview
19
4.1
System Components.......................................................................... 19
4.2
Features ............................................................................................ 19
4.3
Imaging System Overview ................................................................ 19
4.4
Standards and Regulations ............................................................... 20
4.5
Operating Principles .......................................................................... 21
4.6
Imaging System Configuration ......................................................... 21
4.7
Equipment Overview ......................................................................... 23
Imaging Software Overview
5.1
iv
3
39
PC Specifications (Recommended) ................................................... 39
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
Table of Contents
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
5.2
EzDent-i ............................................................................................. 40
5.3
Console Software............................................................................... 41
Getting Started
45
6.1
Turning on the Equipment ................................................................. 45
6.2
Running the Image Viewer (EzDent-i) .............................................. 46
Acquiring PANO Images
51
7.1
PANO Imaging Program Overview .................................................... 51
7.2
Setting Exposure Parameters ............................................................ 56
7.3
Patient Positioning ............................................................................ 63
7.4
X-ray Exposure .................................................................................. 76
7.5
Finishing the Scan ............................................................................. 77
7.6
Checking the Captured Images ......................................................... 77
Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
78
8.1
CEPH Imaging Program Overview ..................................................... 78
8.2
Setting Exposure Parameters ............................................................ 80
8.3
Patient Positioning ............................................................................ 84
8.4
X-ray Exposure .................................................................................. 94
8.5
Finishing the Scan ............................................................................. 95
8.6
Checking the Captured Images ......................................................... 95
Acquiring CBCT Images
96
9.1
CBCT Imaging Program Overview ..................................................... 96
9.2
Setting Exposure Parameters .......................................................... 100
9.3
Acquiring a Double Scan Image (optional) ...................................... 105
9.4
Patient Positioning .......................................................................... 108
9.5
X-ray Exposure ................................................................................ 119
9.6
Finishing the Scan ........................................................................... 120
9.7
Checking the Captured Images ....................................................... 120
Acquiring 3D MODEL Scan Images
122
10.1
3D MODEL Scan Imaging Program Overview .................................. 122
10.2
Setting Exposure Parameters .......................................................... 123
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
v
Table of Contents
11.
12.
13.
10.3
MODEL Positioning .......................................................................... 125
10.4
X-ray Exposure ................................................................................ 126
10.5
Checking the Captured Images ....................................................... 127
Troubleshooting
128
11.1
Troubleshooting .............................................................................. 128
11.2
Error Codes...................................................................................... 129
Cleaning and Disinfection
134
12.1
Cleaning .......................................................................................... 135
12.2
Disinfection ..................................................................................... 136
Maintenance
13.1
138
Regular Maintenance ...................................................................... 138
14.
Disposing of the Equipment
140
15.
Technical Specifications
142
16.
vi
15.1
Mechanical Specifications ............................................................... 142
15.2
Technical Specifications .................................................................. 145
15.3
Electrical Specifications .................................................................. 150
15.4
Environmental Specifications .......................................................... 151
Appendices
152
16.1
Recommended X-ray Exposure Tables ............................................ 152
16.2
X-ray Dose Data .............................................................................. 162
16.3
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Information ......................... 171
16.4
Hand-wrist Image Evaluation References....................................... 176
16.5
Acquiring Images for Pediatric Dental Patients .............................. 180
16.6
Abbreviations .................................................................................. 191
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
1. Introduction
Introduction
1.1
Overview
ENGLISH
1.
Green 18 (PHT-65LHS) is an advanced 4-in-1 digital X-ray imaging system that
incorporates PANO, CEPH (Optional), CBCT, and 3D MODEL Scan imaging
capabilities into a single system.
Green 18 (PHT-65LHS), a digital radiographic imaging system, acquires and
processes multi-FOV diagnostic images for dentists.
Green 18(PHT-65LHS) is a complete digital X-ray system equipped with imaging
viewers, an X-ray generator, and a dedicated SSXI detector.
The digital CBCT system is based on a CMOS digital X-ray detector. The CMOS CT
detector captures 3D radiographic images of the head, neck, oral surgery, implant, and
orthodontic treatment.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) can also acquire 2D diagnostic image data in
conventional panoramic and cephalometric modes.
1.2
Indications for Use
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) is intended to produce panoramic, cephalometric, or
3D digital x-ray images. It provides diagnostic details of the dento-maxillofacial, ENT,
sinus, and TMJ for adult and pediatric patients. The system also utilizes carpal images
for orthodontic treatment. The device is to be operated by healthcare professionals.
1.3
Intended Purposes
▪
Determination of the extent of lesions, tumors, cysts, etc., which cannot be
adequately visualized on plain films
▪
Diagnosis of foreign bodies or displaced roots involving the maxillary sinus
▪
Diagnosis of bone diseases, cysts, etc., affecting the temporomandibular joints
▪
Identifying the relationship of the inferior dental canal to a tooth/lesion that is to be
removed
▪
Assessment of fractures on maxilla, mandible, condylar neck, and fractures of
teeth where plain film imaging is equivocal
▪
Visualization of the 3D anatomy of the alveolar clefts
▪
Diagnosis of un-erupted teeth impacted teeth and odontomas
▪
Diagnosis of root resorption of teeth
▪
Assessment of cleft palate
▪
Diagnosis of CRS (chronic rhinosinusitis)
▪
Examinations of the airways for measuring the volume and dimensions of air
passages
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
1
1. Introduction
1.4
▪
Reconstruction of position, malformations, and fractures of maxilla & mandible
bones, nasal bone, and paranasal sinuses as 3D pictures for operational planning
and patient education
▪
Planning any surgery where a 3D analysis of the jaw is required
▪
Storing Plaster Casts in 3D data
Intended User Profiles
Considerations
Requirement Description
▪
Licensed dentists or dental hygienists, radiologists, and
graduates of relevant bachelor’s degrees (national
qualifications)
▪
Education
Knowledge
▪
Understanding the treatment and diagnosis of dental
disease
Understanding the terms and guidance of hardware and
software of a diagnostic medical radiation device and
recognizing device connection, installation, and operating
conditions
Language
understanding
▪
▪
Understanding how to use manuals (English / Korean) or
Understanding other languages provided
▪
Understanding the objectives and effects of the diagnosis
and treatment of dental disease using diagnostic medical
radiation devices
Understanding the normal operation of diagnostic medical
radiation equipment
Understanding the contents of the User Manual
Experience
▪
▪
1.5
Contraindications
Do not use this device other than for the intended purpose.
There are no other contraindications to it since the technology is at a controllable level
in accordance with global standards.
2
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
2. General Information
General Information
2.1
Manufacturer's Liability
ENGLISH
2.
The manufacturers and/or retailers of this X-ray equipment assume responsibility for
the safe and normal operation of this product only when:
2.2
▪
A VATECH-authorized technician has installed the equipment.
▪
The equipment has been installed by all the cautions and conditions required for
installation.
▪
The genuine VATECH-approved equipment and components have been used.
▪
A VATECH-authorized agent has performed all maintenance and repairs.
▪
The equipment has been used normally by the User Manual.
▪
The equipment damage or malfunction is not the result of an error on the part of
the owner or the operator.
Owner and Operator's Obligations
▪
This equipment’s owner must perform constancy tests regularly to ensure patient
and operator safety. Local X-ray safety regulations must perform these tests.
▪
This equipment’s owner must perform regular inspection and maintenance of the
mechanical and electrical components to ensure safe and consistent operation
(IEC 60601-1).
▪
This equipment’s owner must ensure that both inspection and cleaning follow the
maintenance schedule outlined in Chapter 14. Maintenance.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
3
2. General Information
2.3
Conventions in this Manual
The following symbols are used throughout this manual. Make sure that you fully
understand each symbol and follow the instructions accompanied.
Please observe all warnings and safety information included in this document to
prevent physical injury and/or damage to the equipment.
WARNING
Indicates information that must be followed
with the utmost care. Failure to comply with
a warning may result in severe damage to
the equipment or physical injury to the
operator and/or patient.
CAUTION
Indicates a situation that demands prompt
and careful action, a specific remedy, or
emergency attention.
IMPORTANT
Indicates a situation or action that could
potentially cause problems to the
equipment and/or its operation.
NOTE
RADIATION
Indicates a possible danger from radiation
exposure.
SINGLE USE
Indicates a component that must be
replaced for each new patient.
ESD
susceptibility
4
Emphasizes valuable information or
provides useful tips and hints.
Indicates that an item is susceptible to
damage from electrostatic discharges.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
2. General Information
2.4
Marks and Symbols
Description
Location
Dangerous voltage
Powerboard
Warns ESD hazard.
MCU board /
Board
package
Protective earth (Ground)
Column
Off (power: disconnected to the Main
Power Switch)
Main Power
Switch
On (power: connected to the Main
Power Switch)
Main Power
Switch
Alternate current
Label
Type B Applied Equipment
(IEC 60601-1: Degree of protection
against leakage current and/or electric
shock: Class 1 equipment)
Label
Radiation hazard
Label
Indicates the authorized
representative in the European
Community.
Label
The CE symbol indicates that this
product complies with the European
Directive for Medical Devices
93/42/EEC as amended by
2007/47/EC as a class IIb device.
Label
UL mark No. E476672
Label
Addresses where the equipment was
manufactured.
Label
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
ENGLISH
Symbols
5
2. General Information
Symbols
6
Description
Location
Indicates that electrical and electronic
equipment must not be disposed of as
unsorted municipal waste and must be
collected separately.
Label
Indicates that this equipment is
classified as a CLASS 1 LASER
PRODUCT by IEC 60825-1 ED.3
regulations.
Label
Indicates the date when the
equipment was manufactured.
Label
Indicates that the user needs to refer
to the Instruction Manual.
Label
Caution: Federal law restricts this
device to sale by or on the order of a
licensed healthcare practitioner.
Label
Indicates the manufacturer's serial
number to identify the specific
equipment.
Label
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
2. General Information
2.4.1
Label Locations
ENGLISH
The label is attached on the right side of the equipment, and it consists of 6 parts, as
below.
⑥ For Canada only (with CEPH) ⑥ For Canada only (without CEPH)
The design and contents of the labels may be different in
some countries due to local regulations and standards.
The label image is used to indicate the location only and may
not contain the same content of the actual product.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
7
2. General Information
No.
1
Green 18 (PHT-65LHS) Main Label
2
CAUTION Label
- X-ray / Attention: X-ray on when equipment in operation.
3
X-RAY GENERATOR Label
: 1.6 kW Generator
4
CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT Label
5
Manufacturer Label
: The date of manufacture / Serial Number
6
8
Item
Device Identifier Label (For Canada only)
For Canada, the Model is distinguished by Green 18 SC and Green 18 SP.


Green 18 SC: CEPH included
Green 18 SP: CEPH not included
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
3. Warnings and Precautions
Warnings and Precautions
ENGLISH
3.
Be sure to strictly observe all warnings and safety
instructions included in this manual.
This X-ray unit may be dangerous to patients and operators
unless safe exposure factors, operating instructions, and
maintenance schedules are observed.
3.1
General Safety Guidelines
Operator qualifications
This equipment may only be operated by personnel adequately trained in its operation.
To operate this equipment, the operator must:
-
Have read and understood the User Manual.
-
Be familiar with the fundamental structure and functions of this equipment.
-
Be able to recognize the intermittent operation of this equipment and
implement appropriate measures to remedy such irregularities.
General safety precautions
▪
Follow the instructions specified in this manual to ensure the safety of both the
patient and the operator.
▪
The operator must always maintain vocal/visual contact with the patient during
the image acquisition.
▪
Do not open or remove the cover panels on this equipment. Always have a
trained and authorized service technician to inspect and maintain this equipment.
▪
Do not place any heavy objects on this equipment at any time.
▪
Do not place any objects within this equipment’s field of operation. It may cause
property damage.
▪
Do not push or pull the equipment. Overbalance of the equipment may cause the
risk of physical injuries or property damage.
▪
The operator must instruct the patient to remain still until the equipment arm has
stopped moving and the reset motion is completed.
▪
Observe all local fire regulations. Always keep a fire extinguisher near the
equipment.
▪
The equipment operator must be familiar with this equipment’s emergency
protocols.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
9
3. Warnings and Precautions
▪
Ensure that this equipment is always kept away from water, moisture, or foreign
substances.
▪
If this product is exposed to water, moisture, or a foreign substance, immediately
turn off the main power of the equipment and contact your VATECH technical
support representative.
▪
If there are signs of oil leakage, immediately cease all equipment operations and
contact your VATECH technical support representative.
▪
External equipment intended for connection to signal input, signal output, or other
connectors, shall comply with relevant IEC Standard (e.g., IEC 60950 for IT
equipment and IEC 60601-1series for medical electrical equipment).
▪
Also, all such combination-system-shall comply with the standard IEC 60601-1
and IEC 60601-1-1 harmonized national standard or the combination. If in doubt,
contact a qualified technician or your local representative.
▪
Any person or organization that installs an external door interlock switch is
responsible for ensuring that it has a radiation indicator or equivalent alarm
system to show the current state.
▪
Any serious incident in relation to the device should be reported to the
manufacturer and the competent authority of the member state in which the user
and/or patient is established.
Ventilation
▪
Do not close the equipment’s ventilation slots in any case. The ventilation
obstruction could result in the equipment overheating due to a lack of air
circulation.
▪
Do not spray any liquid or disinfectant on this equipment. The penetration of these
substances may damage the electrical and mechanical components inside. Use a
soft cloth to disinfect the ventilation slots.
▪
Always leave enough space around the PC to allow for proper ventilation.
Hygiene
▪
▪
▪
10
Ensure to disconnect the equipment from the power
when cleaning its surface.
Do not place liquid or spray near the equipment. Direct
contact with liquids can cause an electric shock or
damage the system.
Do not spray cleaners or disinfectants over the
equipment to avoid fire.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
3. Warnings and Precautions
All movable patient support components (the Bite, the Chinrest, the Temple
Supports, and the Ear Rods) can be cleaned using non-alcohol-based solutions.
▪
Clean the Support Handles using non-alcohol-based cleaning solutions before
taking photos of the next patient.
▪
Other equipment surfaces, including the Touch Screen, can be cleaned using a
soft cloth dampened with a mild cleaning solution.
▪
New hygiene cover must be provided for each new patient to prevent the
transmission of communicable diseases.
Do not use aerosol or spray cleaning agents directly on the
surface of the equipment.
Condensation
▪
Extreme fluctuation in temperature may cause condensation to develop inside the
equipment. Do not turn on the equipment until it has reached room temperature.
Cooling
▪
Allow the proper amount of cooling downtime (for the X-ray tube to cool down)
before acquiring the next image.
-
-
Mode of operation: non-continuous operation (NFPA 70: long time operation)
- needs waiting time (at least 60 times the exposure time) before the next
exposure begins.
Column operation time: Max. 2 min. On / 18 min. Off (Ratio 1:9)
▪
If the temperature inside the tube head reaches 60 °C (140 °F), X-ray exposure
will cease, and an error message will be displayed. Normal X-ray capabilities will
resume after the generator reaches 58 °C (136.4 °F).
▪
If the fan (optional) is installed, it automatically operates when the temperature
surrounding the tube head reaches the pre-defined level: 40 °C (104 °F). The
setpoint temperature is configurable.
Turning the equipment on / Adjusting the height of the equipment
▪
Do not position the patient near the equipment while it is initiating, as the patient
could be injured if the equipment malfunctions.
▪
Ensure that the patient is kept clear of the equipment while adjusting its height.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
11
ENGLISH
▪
3. Warnings and Precautions
Emergency stop
▪
If a problem occurs during image acquisition, press the red Emergency Stop
Switch to immediately stop all moving parts and cut off all power to the
equipment. (Emergency Stop Switch is located under the bottom of the Vertical
Frame. Turn the switch in the direction of the arrow to reboot the equipment.)
Trouble-free operation
▪
Never use this equipment in an environment that is susceptible to explosion.
▪
Always operate the equipment within a temperature range of 10 °C to 35 °C
(50 °F to 95 °F) for safe operation. Image quality may deteriorate if the equipment
is operated outside of this range.
▪
Always allow the equipment enough time to warm up (while switched on) if
exposed to temperatures below 10 °C (50 °F).
▪
Only perform X-rays of patients if the system is in full working order.
▪
Always ensure that equipment movement is not obstructed by the patient’s
clothing, a medical device (such as a wheelchair), or the patient.
▪
Do not leave the patient unattended around the equipment.
▪
Remove all radio-controlled devices, mobile phones, etc., from the X-ray room
before image acquisition as these objects may cause the equipment to
malfunction.
Modifying the equipment
12
▪
Modifying the equipment in any way which may affect the safety of the operator,
patients, or other persons is prohibited by law.
▪
No part of this equipment is serviceable by the operator. A VATECH qualified
service technician must perform all maintenance and repair of this equipment.
▪
This product may only be operated with original VATECH accessories or thirdparty accessories expressly approved by VATECH.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
3. Warnings and Precautions
3.2
Electricity-related Safety Precautions
ENGLISH
Connect the equipment to the power outlet with protective
earth (PE) connection to avoid electric shock.
▪
Check the status of the power source, PC, and cables before operating the
equipment.
▪
Ensure that Main Power Switch is set off when the equipment is not in use.
▪
Always disconnect the power supply before cleaning the equipment.
▪
Always keep electrical cords away from hot appliances or radiators.
▪
DO NOT place the PC or peripheral equipment connected to the PC near the
patient.
▪
The equipment and PC should be connected to a common protective earth.
▪
Never overload the equipment’s circuit by sharing it with too many appliances.
▪
Use the same power circuit for the PC and the equipment.
Combining this equipment with other devices
▪
Do not connect this equipment to devices that are not designated as a part of the
system.
▪
Do not connect this equipment to a Multiple Portable Socket-Outlet (MPSO) or
extension cord, which is not provided with the equipment.
Electromagnetic compatibility
▪
This X-ray equipment complies with IEC standard 60601-1-2.
▪
Medical electrical equipment is subject to special Electromagnetic Compatibility
(EMC) preventive measures. It must be installed and operated as specified in
EMC information.
▪
If high-voltage, radio link, or MRI systems are located within 5 m of the unit,
please observe the specifications stated in the installation requirements.
▪
Portable Radio Frequency (RF) communications equipment may interfere with
medical electrical equipment. Therefore, mobile wireless phones in medical
offices or hospital environments must be prohibited.
▪
For more details, refer to 16.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Information.
▪
Please also observe the Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) protective measures
described.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
13
3. Warnings and Precautions
Static Discharge
▪
Without ESD protective measures, connector pins or sockets bearing ESD
warning labels must not be touched or interconnected.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
ESD protective measures include
14
▪
Procedures for preventing electrostatic charge build-up (e.g., temperature control,
humidification, conductive floor coverings, and non-synthetic clothing)
▪
Electrostatic discharge of your own body with the frame of the equipment, the
protective ground wire, or large metallic objects
▪
Use of the wristband for grounding
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
3. Warnings and Precautions
3.3
Radiation Safety
▪
This equipment must be housed inside an X-ray shielded room.
▪
The operator must remain outside a shielded room during X-ray exposure to
protect himself/herself from radiation.
▪
During imaging, the operator must maintain vocal/visual contact with the patient
from outside the shielded area.
▪
The operator should continuously check the status of the patient and the
equipment during imaging.
▪
The operator should be at least 2 m (6 feet) away from the equipment during
imaging.
▪
The operator must immediately stop imaging if the equipment malfunctions.
▪
During X-ray exposure, the patient must wear a lead apron with neck and thyroid
protection.
▪
Children and pregnant women must consult with a doctor before X-ray exposure.
As a manufacturer of radiology equipment that conforms to
stringent protection standards worldwide, we guarantee the
maximum degree of protection against radiation hazards for
our equipment.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
15
ENGLISH
Since rules and regulations concerning radiation safety differ
between countries, it is the responsibility of the owner and
operator of this equipment to comply with all applicable rules
and regulations concerning radiation safety and protection in
his/her area.
3. Warnings and Precautions
3.4
Warnings
The following warning statements must be obeyed with the utmost care. Failure to
follow these warnings may cause severe damage to the equipment or physical injuries
to the patient and the operator.
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
16
X-ray equipment is hazardous to the patient and the
operator if proper exposure safety measures and
operating instructions are not observed.
It is essential to read this User Manual carefully and
strictly abide by all warnings and cautions stated.
The 3D image should not be used for screening
examinations. Each exam must be justified by
demonstrating that the benefits outweigh the risk.
Where it is likely that evaluation of soft tissues will be
required as part of the patient’s radiological assessment,
conventional medical CT or MR should be used instead
of dental cone beam imaging.
Like other medical equipment, Green 18 (PHT-65LHS)
system uses high-frequency electrical signals that can
interfere with implantable devices such as pacemakers
and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs). If the
patient has such an implantable device, you should be
aware of any interference in its operation and
immediately power off the Dental X-ray system.
Green 18 (PHT-65LHS) system is designed to withstand
the effects of defibrillation. However, disconnect the
Dental X-ray system during defibrillation since a
malfunction of the safety controls could otherwise result
in electrical burns for the patient.
Federal law restricts this device to sale by or on the order
of a dentist or with the descriptive designation of any
other practitioner licensed by the law of the State in
which he practices using or order the use of the device.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
3. Warnings and Precautions
Lasers
The system incorporates Class 1 laser products. The light localizers used in this
product are intended for correct patient positioning and must not be used for any
other purpose.
▪
Advise the patient not to look directly at the laser beam for safety.
▪
While adjusting the patient, ensure that the laser beam is not directed at the
patient’s eyes.
▪
Wavelength: 650 nm, Radiant power: Max. 039 mW
Risk of eye injury!
Do not use this equipment with any other laser sources, and
do not make any changes to the settings or processes
described in these operating instructions.
Cleaning
▪
Never expose this equipment to liquids, mist, or sprays. Exposing this equipment
to liquids may cause an electric shock or otherwise damage the system.
▪
Do not use spray cleaners on this equipment, as this could cause a fire.
During the Operation
▪
Never use this equipment in an environment that is susceptible to explosion.
▪
Do not place flammable materials near this equipment.
▪
Do not use the PC while the equipment is operating. Failure to comply with this
instruction may result in system malfunction.
▪
Immediately stop imaging if the equipment malfunctions in any way.
▪
If a problem occurs during imaging, press the red Emergency Stop Switch to
immediately stop all moving parts and cut off all power to the equipment’s
electrical components.
▪
Never touch the patient while he or she is touching the SIP/SOP connectors.
▪
The medical electrical equipment or medical electrical system should not be used
adjacent to or stacked with other equipment. If adjacent or stacked use is
necessary, the medical electrical equipment or medical electrical system should
be observed to verify normal operation in the configuration in which it will be
used.
▪
The use of accessories and cables other than those specified, except cables sold
by VATECH of the medical electrical equipment or medical electrical system as
replacement parts for internal components, may result in increased EMISSIONS
or decreased IMMUNITY EQUIPMENT or SYSTEM.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
17
ENGLISH
▪
3. Warnings and Precautions
In case of an electrical fire
▪
Use only fire extinguishers designed for electrical fires to extinguish fires on this
equipment.
▪
Liquid extinguishers, such as those which use water, could damage the
equipment and cause physical injury.
▪
Unplug the equipment’s power cable before extinguishing any fire.
Installation
▪
To avoid improperly balanced equipment, install the device on a flat surface to
maintain stability.
▪
If the equipment is not stable, property damage and personal injury may occur.
▪
Do not push or pull the equipment.
▪
Only an authorized technician should install the equipment, complying with proper
installation procedures.
For further details on installation, refer to the Green 18
(PHT-65LHS) Installation Manual.
Security Capabilities
3.4.1
▪
It is recommended to install and operate EzDent-i under a secure operating
environment that allows only authorized users to access a system network
equipped with Windows built-in firewall, Windows Defender antispyware tools,
and other commonly used 3rd party security tools and application systems.
▪
It is recommended to update the latest version of anti-virus software and firewall.
▪
The software can be updated by the manufacturer only. Unauthorized software
updates through a third party, not the manufacturer, is strictly prohibited. Please
contact the manufacturer for cybersecurity issues related to the software and
medical devices.
Side Effects
▪
18
X-ray imaging exam should be performed only after carefully considering the
patient’s health needs. The operator must understand the well-known risks which
can occur during X-ray exposure and minimize them by preventing unnecessary
radiation exposure for patients.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
4. Imaging System Overview
Imaging System Overview
4.1
System Components
4.2
4.3
ENGLISH
4.
▪
Green 18 (PHT-65LHS) X-ray equipment
▪
PC system
▪
Console Software: PANO, CEPH (Optional), CBCT, and 3D MODEL Scan
▪
EzDent-i: 2D viewer and patient management software
▪
Ez3D-i: 3D viewer software
Features
▪
Multi-FOV support: Selectable FOV among Double Scan(Optional), 18x10,
13x10, 8x9, 8x5 and 5x5 (cm)
▪
The multi-imaging solution for Accurate Diagnostics
▪
Conventional 2D (PANO and CEPH) image acquisition
▪
3D scanning for Plaster Cast with FOV 8x9 (cm)
▪
Touch Screen implemented for easy use
▪
DICOM (Digital Imaging Communication in Medicine) format supported
Imaging System Overview
Configuration
Item
SP
PANO +CBCT
SC
PANO + CBCT + CEPH
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
Sensor
PANO / CBCT
Xmaru1515CF
PANO / CBCT
Xmaru1515CF
CEPH
Xmaru2602CF
19
4. Imaging System Overview
4.4
Standards and Regulations
Standards
Green 18 (PHT-65LHS) is designed and developed to comply with the following
international standards and regulations:
▪
MEDICAL - APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION EQUIPMENT
AS TO ELECTRICAL SHOCK, FIRE AND MECHANICAL
HAZARDS ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
ANSI/AAMI ES60601‐1 (2005) + AMD 1 (2012)
CAN/CSA‐C22.2 No. 60601‐1 (2014)
IEC 60601-1-3:2008, IEC 60601-2-63:2012
▪
21 CFR 1020.30, 31, 33
▪
NEMA Standard publication PS 3.1-3.18, 2008
This is Class IIb equipment and obtained CE marking in
April 2007 for regulations compliance following the
revised European Union’s MDD (Medical Devices
Directive) 93/42 EEC.
MEDICAL - APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
EQUIPMENT
AS TO ELECTRICAL SHOCK, FIRE AND MECHANICAL
HAZARDS ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH
ANSI/AAMI ES60601‐1 (2005) + AMD 1 (2012)
CAN/CSA‐C22.2 No. 60601‐1 (2014)
IEC 60601-1-3:2008, IEC 60601-2-63:2012
Classifications (IEC 60601-1 6.1)
20
▪
The degree of protection against water ingress: Ordinary Equipment: IPX0
▪
The degree of protection against electric shock: Class 1 equipment, Type B
Applied parts: temple supports, chinrests, bites and covers, ear rods and
caps, and carpus plate
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
4. Imaging System Overview
4.5
Operating Principles
They hit anode to produce an X-ray. The machine acquires images by emitting X-rays
continuously and rotates on the human tooth at different angles.
Images are acquired, computed, and recompiled to reproduce 2D or 3D images.
4.6
Imaging System Configuration
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
21
ENGLISH
X-ray is emitted when a high voltage is supplied to the X-ray tube assembly, freeing
electrons from the cathode.
4. Imaging System Overview
PC Signal Input / Output
No.
22
Item
1
3D viewer License Key
2
Video output
3
Fiber optic cable (for data in / out)
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
4. Imaging System Overview
4.7
Equipment Overview
ENGLISH
No.
Item
1
X-ray Detector for
CEPH (Optional)
Xmaru2602CF for CEPH imaging sensor.
2
Nasal Positioner
Assists patient positioning for CEPH imaging.
3
Ear Rods
Secure the patient’s head during CEPH imaging.
4
Description
Enclosed
Stores Bites, Chinrest Assembly, and the other
Component Storage components.
5
Vertical Frame
Holds the Rotating Unit. You can control the vertical
frame with the Column UP/DOWN switch.
6
Rotating Unit
Rotates around the patient's head while the image is
being acquired. (Its movement varies based on the
scan mode)
7
X-ray Generator
Produces X-ray from the vacuum tube.
8
Emergency Stop
Switch
Stops the moving parts and cuts off all power to the
equipment’s electrical components.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
23
4. Imaging System Overview
No.
Item
Description
9
Main Power Switch
Turns on / off the main power of the equipment.
10
Column
UP/DOWN Switch
(Optional)
Adjusts the height of the Vertical Frame.
11
Stationary Column
Supports the whole part of the equipment.
12
Base (Optional)
Balances the equipment and maintains its safety.
13
LED Lamp
14
X-ray Detector
for PANO / CBCT
Xmaru1515CF for PANO / CBCT imaging sensor.
15
Temple Supports
Supports the patient’s head by holding the temples.
It is used in PANO and CBCT modes.
16
Chinrest
Displays the status of X-ray exposure.
- Green: Standby
- Yellow: In operation
A place to rest the chin.
Operates the Horizontal Beam, opens/closes Temple
Supports, adjusts the height of the Vertical Frame, and
prepares for operation when the READY button is
pressed. (For the details, refer to 4.7.1 Control Panel.)
24
17
Control Panel
(LCD type)
18
D-Sub Connector
The input signal port for Column UP/DOWN Switch.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
4. Imaging System Overview
4.7.1
Control Panel
ENGLISH
No.
Buttons
Description
1
Touch Screen (LCD)
Configures the parameter settings in each imaging mode.
For more information, refer to the 4.7.2 Touch Screen.
2
TEMPLE SUPPORT
Open/Close
Button
Adjusts the Temple Supports for patient positioning.
3
READY / RETURN
Button
Indicates that imaging is ready after parameter settings
and the patient positioning is complete.
Initializes the positioning of the Rotating Unit.
4
Horizontal
BEAM UP/DOWN
Button
Aligns the Horizontal Beam in PANO mode.
5
COLUMN UP/DOWN
Button
Moves the Vertical Frame up or down.
(For adjusting the height of the Chinrest)
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
25
4. Imaging System Overview
4.7.2
Touch Screen
The touch screen is provided to set options for each imaging mode. The screen is
connected to the console software and provides the same functions as the software
(See 5.3 Console Software). Only users can turn on and change the settings of the
touch screen.
Modality Selection Screen
▪
▪
▪
Do not use a pointed object such as a pen to touch the
screen panel. Pressing the screen with an object other
than fingers can damage the screen.
Do not press the touch screen hard when you are
selecting options. Pressing hard can cause cracks and
other damage to the screen.
Never allow the patients to change settings on the touch
screen to avoid physical injuries or damage to the
equipment.
“CEPH” is visible on the modality selection screen only when
your equipment has the CEPH option.
26
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
4. Imaging System Overview
PANO Main Screen
ENGLISH
PANO Main Screen
No.
Function
1
Examination Mode
Selection
2
CONFIRM Button
3
Imaging Parameter Displays the current PANO setting information.
Setting Information
4
Settings Button
5
Back Button
Description
Selects a PANO examination mode.
Confirms the setting you chose and moves to the next
step.
Changes in the imaging parameters include:
▪
Tube voltage
▪
Tube current
▪
Patient’s gender and age
▪
X-ray intensity
▪
Examination type
▪
Imaging type
▪
Arch type
▪
Image option
Returns to the modality selection screen.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
27
4. Imaging System Overview
PANO Settings Screen
PANO Settings Screen
28
No.
Function
Description
1
Selection
2
Pano Option
3
Arch
4
Image Option
Selects an image quality.
(Image quality: High Resolution > Green)
5
kVp / mA
Control Button
Changes tube voltage (kVp) and current (mA) values.
6
Gender / Age
Option
Selects a gender and age for your patient. For age selection,
follow the guidelines below:
▪
Child: 2~12 years of age
▪
Adult: Above 12 years of age
7
X-ray Intensity
Selects one of the X-ray intensities according to the patient’s
head circumference:
▪
Soft
▪
Normal
▪
Hard
8
EXIT Button
Closes the settings page and returns to PANO main screen.
Selects an examination program.
Selects a PANO option.
Selects an arch type that matches with patient’s arch shape.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
4. Imaging System Overview
CEPH Main Screen
ENGLISH
CEPH Main Screen
No.
Function
1
Examination Mode
Selection
2
CONFIRM Button
3
Imaging Parameter Displays the current setting information.
Information
4
Settings Button
5
Back Button
Description
Selects a CEPH examination mode.
Confirms the setting you chose and moves to the next
step.
Changes the imaging parameters, including:
▪
Tube voltage
▪
Tube current
▪
Patient’s gender and age
▪
X-ray intensity
▪
Image option
Returns to the modality selection screen.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
29
4. Imaging System Overview
CEPH Settings Screen
CEPH Settings Screen
30
No.
Function
Description
1
kVp / mA
Control Button
Adjusts tube voltage (kVp) and current (mA).
2
Gender / Age
Option
Selects the patient’s gender and age. For age selection,
follow the guidelines below:
▪
Child: 2~12 years of age
▪
Adult: Above 12 years of age
3
X-ray Intensity
Selects different X-ray intensities according to the
circumference of the patient’s head:
▪
Soft
▪
Normal
▪
Hard
4
Image Option
Selects an image quality.
(Image quality: High Resolution > Green)
5
Exit Button
Closes the settings page and returns to CEPH main
screen.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
4. Imaging System Overview
CBCT Main Screen
ENGLISH
CBCT Main Screen
No.
Function
Description
1
FOV Selection
Selects a FOV for CBCT imaging.
2
CONFIRM Button
Confirms the settings you chose and moves to the next
step.
3
Imaging Parameter
Displays the current CBCT setting information.
Information
4
Settings Button
Allows you to change the imaging parameters.
including:
▪
Tube voltage
▪
Tube current
▪
Patient’s gender and age
▪
X-ray intensity
▪
Image option
▪
Voxel Size
5
Back Button
Returns to the modality selection screen
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
31
4. Imaging System Overview
CBCT Settings Screen

CBCT Settings Screen
No.
Function
Description
Selects an image quality.
(Image quality: High Resolution > Green)
32
The Image Option menu becomes
invisible on the touch screen when
you disable Green on the console
software.
1
Image Option
2
Voxel Size
3
kVp / mA
Control Button
Adjusts tube voltage (kVp) and Tube current (mA).
4
Gender / Age
Option
Selects a gender and age for your patient. For age
selection, follow the guidelines below:
▪
Child: 2~12 years of age
▪
Adult: Above 12 years of age
5
X-ray Intensity
Selects different X-ray intensities according to the
circumference of the patient’s head:
▪
Soft
▪
Normal
▪
Hard
6
Exit Button
Closes the settings screen and returns to CBCT main
screen.
Selects a voxel size for the image.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
4. Imaging System Overview
3D MODEL Scan Main Screen
ENGLISH
3D Model Scan Main Screen
No.
Function
Description
1
Examination Mode
Selects a 3D model scan examination mode.
Selection
2
CONFIRM Button
3
Imaging Parameter
Displays the current setting information.
Information
Confirms the settings you selected and moves to the
next step.
4
Settings Button
Allows you to change the imaging parameters,
including:
▪
Tube voltage
▪
Tube current
▪
Patient’s gender and age
▪
X-ray intensity
5
BACK Button
Returns to the modality selection screen.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
33
4. Imaging System Overview
3D MODEL Scan Settings Screen
3D Model Scan Settings Screen
No.
34
Function
Description
1
kVp / mA
Adjusts tube voltage (kVp) and Tube current (mA).
Control Button
2
Selects a gender and age for your patient. For age selection,
Gender / Age follow the guidelines below:
▪
Child: 2~12 years of age
Option
▪
Adult: Above 12 years of age
3
Selects different X-ray intensities according to the
circumference of the patient’s head:
▪
Soft
X-ray Intensity
▪
Normal
▪
Hard
4
EXIT Button
Closes the settings screen and moves back to the 3D model
scan main screen.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
4. Imaging System Overview
4.7.3
Emergency Stop Switch
After the problem is resolved, turn the switch until it pops up to restart the system.
An emergency may include the following situations but is not limited to:
▪
▪
▪
Continuing X-ray emission (when the exposure switch is not pressed)
Physical injuries of the patient
Damages to the equipment and other properties.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
35
ENGLISH
Press the Emergency Stop Switch to stop the equipment in an emergency. The
switch is located under the handle frame. As you press the switch, the equipment will
stop.
4. Imaging System Overview
4.7.4
Exposure Switch
The Exposure Switch allows the operator to control image acquisition outside the Xray room.
Press and hold the Exposure Switch down until the acquisition is complete.
Premature release of the Exposure Switch will abort image acquisition.
Pressing the Exposure Switch activates the LED indicator to turn yellow. This color
indicates that the X-ray is being emitted.
▪
▪
36
The Exposure Switch is detachable. Ensure that the
Exposure Switch cable is not detached from the unit
accidentally during operation.
Keep vocal/visual contact with the patient during
exposure. If any problem occurs during exposure,
release the Exposure Switch immediately.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
4. Imaging System Overview
4.7.5
Enclosed Components
Components
Name and Function
Materials
Normal Bite
- For PANO and CBCT, normal patients
PC (Polycarbonate)
Deep Bite Block*
PC (Polycarbonate)
Special Bite A
- For PANO TMJ and Sinus modes
- For CBCT TMJ patients
PC (Polycarbonate)
Special Bite B
- For PANO edentulous patients
- For CBCT Double scan (Mandible) mode.
PC (Polycarbonate)
Double Scan Support
- For CBCT Double scan (Maxilla) mode.
PC (Polycarbonate)
Normal Chinrest
- For Normal Bite
- For CBCT Double scan (Mandible) mode.
ABS (Acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene)
copolymer
Special Chinrest
- For Special Bite A and Special Bite B
ABS (Acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene)
copolymer
Temple Supports (1 set)
PC (Polycarbonate)
Ear Rods (1 set)
Silicone
Nasal Positioner Cover
- For CEPH
Silicone
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
37
ENGLISH
The enclosed components listed below can be detached from the equipment. The
components that come to touch with the patient, such as bite blocks and chinrest, must
be cleaned with non-alcoholic chlorine dioxide-based disinfectant for each use.
4. Imaging System Overview
Components
Name and Function
Materials
PC (Polycarbonate)
Carpus Plate
Sanitary Vinyl Covers (disposable) for the Bite
Block
PP+PE
Protractor (1 set)
- For positioning the patient’s body in CEPH
mode.
PC (Polycarbonate)
Model Scan Jig
ABS (Acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene)
copolymer
*Deep Bite Block is only available in some Asian countries.
38
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
5. Imaging Software Overview
Imaging Software Overview
ENGLISH
5.
Three programs are included in this equipment to acquire, process, and view the
image:
5.1
▪
EzDent-i: 2D viewer and patient management software
▪
Ez3D-i: 3D viewer software
▪
Console software: PANO, CEPH (Optional), CBCT, and 3D MODEL Scan
PC Specifications (Recommended)
If your PC does not meet the recommended specifications
provided below, it may result in degraded image quality.
Prior to using the PC, ensure that Windows Defender
Firewall is enabled to protect your PC and data from
network security threats.
Item
Specifications
CPU
Intel Xeon W-2223 3.6 GHz 4 Core Processor
RAM
16GB DDR4-2133 Registered RAM or larger
HDD
1TB SATA
Graphics board
NVIDIA GeForce GTX1060 D5 6GB or greater
Ethernet Interface
Integrated Intel I218LM PCIe GbE
Serial Port (RS232)
HP Serial Port Adapter kit
Power Supply
≥ 700 Watts (90% efficient)
Slots
2 PCI Express Gen3 x16 slot
1 PCI Express Gen3 x 8 Slot
1 PCI Express Gen2 x 4 Slot
1 PCI Express Gen2 x 1 Slot
1 PCI Slot
CD/DVD drive
DVD-ROM, DVD+/-RW, Blu-Ray
Monitor
19” 1280x1024 screen resolution
Operating System
Recommended System
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
Windows 10
HP Z4
39
5. Imaging Software Overview
5.2
EzDent-i
EzDent-i is dental imaging software from VATECH Co., Ltd. manages patient images
to make faster and more accurate diagnoses. EzDent-i, linked with the console
software and 3D viewer, makes it convenient for the operator to use and process
necessary images. Various functions enable the acquired images to be processed
quickly and conveniently from the console software.
Please refer to 6.2.1 Creating a New Patient Record, 6.2.2
Retrieving Patient Records, and EzDent-i User Manual.
Security Capabilities
▪
It is recommended to install and operate EzDent-i SW
within a secure environment that allows only authorized
users to access and a system network equipped with
Windows built-in firewall, Windows Defender
antispyware tools, and other commonly used 3rd party
security tools and application systems.
▪
It is recommended to update the latest version of antivirus software and firewall.
▪
The software can be updated by the manufacturer only.
Unauthorized software update through a third party, not
the manufacturer, is strictly prohibited. Please contact
the manufacturer for cyber security issues related to the
software and medical devices.
40
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
5. Imaging Software Overview
5.3
Console Software
ENGLISH
Use the console software to select options for imaging. You can also use a touch
screen to select and change imaging options.
Due to product enhancement, the console software can be
updated without notice.
Console Software’s Main Window
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
41
5. Imaging Software Overview
No.
1
42
Item
X-ray Indicator
Description
Indicates X-ray exposure status by changing the indicator’s
color and message.
▪
Grey and “X-RAY”: X-ray is turned off
▪
Yellow and “X-RAY ON”: X-ray is turned on
2
Settings Button
Sets various equipment-related parameters, including:
▪
Language
▪
Automatic Save on/off
▪
DAP display unit
3
Volume Button
Changes the volume of the audio message. Ensure to save
your change each time you reset the volume.
4
Laser Beam
ON/OFF Button
Turns the laser beam on or off for patient positioning. This
button appears after you click the CONFIRM button.
5
Manual
Reconstruction
Button
Reconstructs the captured image manually when the
system fails to run automatic image reconstruction.
Follow the instructions below for manual reconstruction:
(1) Click a manual reconstruction.
(2) Select a modality.
(3) Click Search.
(4) Select an image for reconstruction.
(5) Click Reconstruction.
6
Phantom
Button
Switches the system for the phantom image acquisition
using a phantom jig.
7
Test Rotation
Button
Sets the system for a rotation test, which checks if the
rotating unit hits the patient’s body before imaging.
To run a rotation test, follow the procedure below:
(1) Ask the patient to position the equipment.
(2) Select a modality.
(3) Click the Confirm button.
(4) Click the Test Rotation Button. Then “ON” on the
button is changed into “OFF.”
(5) Press the Laser Beam ON/OFF button on the
control panel.
(6) To finish the test mode, click the Test Rotation
button or the READY button.
8
Patient
Information
Window
Displays the information of a selected patient.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
5. Imaging Software Overview
Item
Description
9
Scan
Information
Window
Displays estimated DAP (Dose Area Product), scan time,
and exposure time after you set up X-ray exposure
parameters.
10
Tube Voltage
and Current
Buttons
Changes tube voltage (kVp) and current (mA) values. Click
arrows to modify the voltage and current originally set by the
system.
11
Guide Message
Window
Displays text instructions during the operation.
ENGLISH
No.
Displays the current patient’s gender/age group as entered
in EzDent-i’s patient information fields. If necessary, the
gender/age group can be selected manually.
12
Patient’s
Gender/Age
Group
13
X-ray Intensity
14
CONFIRM
/ Ready Button
Selects X-ray intensity.
Applies selected options and turns into the Ready button.
The Ready button appears after you click CONFIRM button.
When you click the button, the system becomes ready for
image acquisition.
15
Modality
Selection
Button
Selects the imaging parameters for each mode: PANO,
CEPH (Optional), CBCT, and 3D MODEL Scan.
16
Exit Button
Leaves the console software.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
43
5. Imaging Software Overview
This Page is Left Blank Intentionally
44
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
6. Getting Started
Getting Started
6.1
Turning on the Equipment
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
ENGLISH
6.
Do not place the patient close to the equipment when it’s
being turned on. Doing so may cause physical injury to
the patient and damage to the equipment.
Do not use the PC while the equipment is in operation.
Doing so may cause an error in the equipment.
Do not turn the equipment on until the X-ray room
reaches room temperature. The extreme change in
temperature may lead to condensation inside the
equipment.
After turning it off, wait for approx. 20 seconds before
rebooting it.
Warm up the equipment for at least 5 minutes before the
operation. For the best image quality, it is recommended
to have a warm-up phase for more than 30 minutes.
If the equipment has not been used for a long time, please
let it have enough time to be warmed up. It extends the life
of the X-ray tube.
The imaging system mainly consists of the imaging equipment and the PC.
Before turning on the equipment, please confirm that the equipment and PC have
been installed correctly.
1.
Turn on the PC.
2.
Press the Main Power Switch, which is located under the bottom of the Vertical
Frame, to turn on the equipment.
Main Power Switch simultaneously isolates its circuits
electrically from the supply mains on all poles.
3.
Ensure that the green LED light at the top of the equipment is on.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
45
6. Getting Started
6.2
Running the Image Viewer (EzDent-i)
The imaging program is interfaced with EzDent-i, and the user can analyze the image
acquired from the Console Software easily and rapidly. On your desktop, double-click
the EzDent-i icon. The EzDent-i main window will be displayed.
For further details on this subject, refer to the EzDent-i
User Manual.
Security Capabilities
▪
It is recommended to install and operate EzDent-i SW
in a secure environment that allows only authorized
users to access the system. It has a system network
equipped with Windows built-in firewall, Windows
Defender antispyware tools, and other commonly used
3rd party security tools and application systems.
▪
It is recommended to update the latest version of antivirus software and firewall.
▪
The software can be updated by the manufacturer only.
Unauthorized software update through a third party, not
the manufacturer, is strictly prohibited. Please contact
the manufacturer for cybersecurity issues related to the
software and medical devices.
For Green 18 (PHT-65LHS) dental computed tomography Xray system, both 3D viewer (Ez3D-i) and Console Software
are being accessed through 2D viewer (EzDent-i) SW. 3D
viewer and Console Software do not have an image storage
capacity of their own, and both programs will not be able to
keep patient information.
46
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
6. Getting Started
6.2.1
Creating a New Patient Record
ENGLISH
Follow the procedure below to create a new patient record:
EzDent-i’s Main Window
1.
Click the PATIENT tab and
button.
. A dialog box will appear after clicking the
2.
In the dialog box, fill out Chart No. and Name. If necessary, fill out other
areas such as social ID and mobile.
3.
Click
to save the new patient record.
The chart number and name are required fields. You cannot
leave them as blanks.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
47
6. Getting Started
6.2.2
Retrieving Patient Records
Follow the procedure below to retrieve the patient record saved in EzDent-i:
1.
Go to the search box and enter the patient’s name or chart number.
2.
Click
3.
Check and double-click the patient record with the matching chart number or
name.
.
Patient Record
You can use a virtual keyboard to search for the patient
record. Click the keyboard icon next to the search box if you
want to use the virtual keyboard:
48
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
6. Getting Started
6.2.3
Launching the Console Software
ENGLISH
Follow the procedure below to initiate the console software.
For a new patient, you must create the new patient before
running the console software. Go to 6.2.1 Creating a New
Patient Information for more information.
1.
Search and select the patient record.
2.
Click the ACQUISITION tab.
3.
Select the modality you want to capture. The displayed options can be
different depending on your equipment’s option.
To set exposure parameters for each modality (CT,
Panorama, Cephalo, Others), Read chapters 7 to 10.
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49
6. Getting Started
This Page is Left Blank Intentionally
50
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
Acquiring PANO Images
7.1
PANO Imaging Program Overview
◼
ENGLISH
7.
Result Images
It provides conventional 2D panoramic images.
◼
Image Acquisition Method
It reconstructs U-shaped arch data to a single 2D image utilizing multiple
images taken with the X-ray beam scanning specific oral & maxillofacial regions
at different angles.
◼
Examination Programs
It is classified below based on the ROI (Region of Interest).
Examination
Type
Arch Selection
ROI
Example
Standard
Narrow
Normal
Wide
Child
Orthogonal
Right
Front
PANO
Examination
Left
Bitewings*
Orthogonal
Bitewing Incisor*
(Optional)
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51
7. Acquiring PANO Images
Examination
Type
Arch Selection
ROI
Example
Bitewing Right*
Bitewing Left*
TMJ LAT Open
TMJ LAT Close
TMJ PA Open
(Optional)
SPECIAL
Examination
N/A
TMJ PA Close
(Optional)
Sinus LAT
(Optional)
Sinus PA
* Bitewing imaging mode is activated only when Orthogonal is selected in Arch Selection.
52
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
◼
Main Imaging Programs
Arch
Selection
ROI
ENGLISH
Examination
Type
Description & Sample Image
A panoramic imaging mode for
patients with a V-shaped arch
trajectory.
(Typically for some females)
Narrow
Standard
A panoramic imaging mode for adult
patients with a typical arch trajectory.
Normal
Standard
PANO
Examination
A panoramic imaging mode for the
patients with a square-shaped arch
trajectory. (Typically for some males)
Wide
Child
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
Standard
Standard
A panoramic imaging mode for child
trajectory.
(Less X-ray exposure than the
Normal mode by approximately more
than 40%)
53
7. Acquiring PANO Images
Examination
Type
Arch
Selection
ROI
Description & Sample Image
A panoramic imaging mode to
minimize the overlapped region of
the teeth from the X-ray exposure,
which is beamed perpendicularly
between teeth.
Standard
A panoramic imaging mode to
acquire an image only for the region
of interest through the orthogonal
trajectory.
(Pros: less X-ray exposure than the
Normal mode. / Cons: TMJ and
some parts of the maxillary sinus
cannot be acquired.)
Orthogonal
Bitewings**
(Bitewing
Incisor mode is
Optional)
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
Arch
Selection
ROI
Description & Sample Image
ENGLISH
Examination
Type
An imaging mode to acquire a lateral
image of the TMJ, in which the X-ray
beam is directed on the lateral TMJ
region.
(TMJ Open and Close)
TMJ LAT
Open / Close
An imaging mode to acquire a TMJ
image, in which the X-ray beam is
directed on the frontal TMJ, with the
patient's mouth open fully and
closed.
TMJ PA
Open / Close
(Optional)
SPECIAL
Examination
N/A
Sinus LAT
(Optional)
A special imaging mode to acquire a
Sinus image, in which an X-ray
beam is directed on the lateral region
of the maxillary sinus.
A special imaging mode to acquire a
Sinus image, in which an X-ray
beam is directed at the frontal region
of the maxillary sinus.
Sinus PA
** Bitewing imaging mode is activated only when Orthogonal is selected in Arch Selection.
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55
7. Acquiring PANO Images
7.2
Setting Exposure Parameters
Complete the steps in 6. Getting Started before setting the exposure parameter on the
console. You can also use the touch screen to set the exposure parameters.
Console Software - Main Window
Touch Screen - Main Window
56
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
7.2.1
Setting Parameters on the Normal Tab
ENGLISH
To set exposure parameters on the normal tab.
1.
Select PANO from the modality option.
2.
Select the Normal tab.
3.
Select a PANO option: Normal, Magic Pan, Insight Pan
Mode
Normal
Magic PAN
(Optional)
Description
▪
Provides a normal panoramic image.
▪
Combines multiple focal images into a single
optimal panoramic image.
Equalizes varying image qualities caused by patient
positioning and arch type and provides an
enhanced panoramic image.
▪
▪
Insight PAN
(Optional)
▪
Provides multiple panoramic images with different
focal planes and a normal panoramic image.
Provides detailed verification of images' in-depth
direction.
When you select the Insight Pan:
▪
▪
The image option menus are disabled.
The arch selection menu is disabled except Normal and Child.
▪
The imaging area is highlighted in the guide window. You can drag or move
the selected area to mark the imaging target. (Only for the console
software)
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
4.
5.
Select an Image Option: High Resolution or Green
Mode
Description
High Resolution
High-Resolution image
Green
Normal quality image
Select an arch type from the Arch Selection menu.
Arch Type
Narrow
Panoramic image of V-shaped palatal arches
Normal
Panoramic image of normal adult palatal arches
Wide
Panoramic image of square-shaped palatal arches
Child
Panoramic image of child palatal arches,
approximately more than 40% less X-ray dose than in
Normal mode.
Orthogonal
6.
Description
Panoramic image where the x-ray angle enters
vertically between the teeth so that overlapping
images are minimized.
Select a PANO Examination option.
The patient type, X-ray intensity level, tube voltage (kVp), and
current (mA) are automatically selected by the patient record
you created. However, you can manually change the options
from console software or touch screen if necessary.
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
7.
Select the patient type from the patient selection menu.
ENGLISH
Mode
Child
Adult
8.
Man
Woman
> 12 years of age
Select the X-ray intensity level: hard, normal, or soft.
Age
Child
Adult
9.
Vatech Standards
2~12 years of age
Average Head
Circumference (cm)
53±3
56±3
Range (cm)
X-ray
Intensity
>53±3
Hard
53±3
Normal
<53±3
Soft
>56±3
Hard
56±3
Normal
<56±3
Soft
The system automatically configures the exposure condition based on
previous parameters chosen by the user. However, you can customize the
preselected condition by using the (
) button.
Each time you click the button, the voltage value is changed by ±1.0 kVp and
the current by ± 1.0 mA.
<Console Software>
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<Touch Screen>
59
7. Acquiring PANO Images
10. Click the Confirm button. After clicking the Confirm button:
60
▪
The rotating unit moves to set position based on the selected modality.
▪
The vertical beam activates.
▪
The patient information window displays the DAP (Dose Area Product),
scan time, and exposure time.
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
7.2.2
Setting Parameters on the Special Tab
ENGLISH
You can set exposure parameters for the special examination mode (sinus / TMJ) on
the special tab.
You can also use the touch screen to set the exposure
parameters.
The patient type, X-ray intensity level, tube voltage (kVp), and
current (mA) are automatically selected by the patient record
you created. However, you can manually change the console
software or touch screen options if necessary.
Follow the procedure below to set parameters on the special tab.
1.
Select the Special tab.
2.
Select an option from the PANO Examination menu.
3.
Select the patient type: Man, Woman, or Child.
Mode
Vatech Standards
Child
2~12 years of age
Adult
4.
Man
> 12 years of age
Woman
Select the X-ray intensity level: hard, normal, or soft.
For the recommended X-ray intensity level, see the table below.
Age
Average Head
Circumference (cm)
>53±3
Hard
Child
53±3
53±3
<53±3
>56±3
Normal
Soft
Hard
Adult
56±3
56±3
Normal
<56±3
Soft
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Range (cm)
X-ray Intensity
61
7. Acquiring PANO Images
5.
The system automatically configures the exposure condition based on
previous parameters chosen by the user. However, you can customize the
preselected condition by using the (
) button.
Each time you click the button, the voltage value is changed by ±1.0 kVp and
the current by ± 1.0 mA.
<Console Software>
6.
Click the Confirm button. After clicking the Confirm button:
▪
▪
▪
62
<Touch Screen>
The rotating unit moves to set position based on the selected modality.
The vertical beam activates.
The patient information window displays the DAP (Dose Area Product),
scan time, and exposure time.
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
7.3
Patient Positioning
▪
▪
▪
▪
Ask the patient (especially pregnant women and children)
to wear a lead apron to protect him or her from radiation
exposure.
Ensure that the laser beam does not directly enter the
patient’s eyes. This may lead to vision loss.
Correct posture reduces the shadows made by the
patient's cervical spine and allows clear image
acquisition.
Metal implants or bridges can reduce the quality of the
images.
Ensure to adjust the laser beam correctly. Otherwise, the
quality of images can be lowered due to ghost images or
expansion/reduction of the images.
Getting prepared
1.
Let the patient remove all the metal objects (glasses, earrings, hairpins,
braces, false teeth, etc.). Metal objects can induce ghost images and lower
image quality.
2.
Let the patient wear a lead apron to protect themselves from residual
radiation.
3.
Use the Column UP/DOWN button or switch option to adjust the equipment to
match the patient's height.
< Control Panel – LCD type>
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63
ENGLISH
▪
7. Acquiring PANO Images
7.3.1
PANO Examination Mode (Standard / Right / Left / Front /
Orthogonal)
Normal Patient Positioning
1.
Insert the Normal Bite into the Normal Chinrest and cover it with sanitary
vinyl cover.
▪ The sanitary vinyl cover is for single use only. It
should be replaced for each patient. Ensure to
use the approved vinyl cover.
▪ Clean the chinrest and the bite with a nonalcoholic chlorine dioxide-based product and wipe
with a dry towel before the next patient.
2.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to widen the temple
supports.
3.
Guide the patient to the inside of the equipment.
4.
Use the Column UP/DOWN button or switch option to adjust the height of
the equipment so that the patient's chin reaches the Chinrest.
5.
Ask the patient to stand in the center of the equipment and direct them to
remain in the position outlined below.
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
64
Hold the handles tightly.
Press the chest against the equipment.
Keep both feet close to the inside of the base.
Keep both shoulders parallel.
Straighten the Cervical Spine and stand still.
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
Ask the patient to bite the normal bite along its grooves with his/her front
teeth.
7.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to fit the patient’s head and
prevent from moving.
8.
Ask the patient to do as follow:
▪
▪
▪
ENGLISH
6.
Close the mouth.
Place the tongue on the roof of the mouth.
Close the eyes.
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
Edentulous Patient Positioning
1.
Remove the Normal Chinrest and insert the Special Chinrest into the
equipment.
2.
Insert the Special Bite B into the Special Chinrest.
Clean the chinrest and the bite with a non-alcoholic
chlorine dioxide-based product and wipe with a dry
towel before the next patient.
3.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to widen the Temple
Supports.
4.
Guide the patient to the equipment.
5.
Use the Column UP/DOWN button or switch option to adjust the height of
the equipment so that the patient's chin reaches the Chinrest.
6.
Ask the patient to stand in the center of the equipment and direct them to
remain in the position outlined below.
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
66
Hold the handles tightly.
Press the chest against the equipment.
Keep both feet close to the inside of the base.
Keep both shoulders parallel.
Straighten the Cervical Spine and stand still.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
7. Acquiring PANO Images
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to fit the patient’s head and
prevent from moving.
8.
Ask the patient to maintain the posture as follows:
▪
▪
▪
Close the mouth.
Place the tongue on the roof of the mouth.
Close the eyes.
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67
ENGLISH
7.
7. Acquiring PANO Images
Laser Beam Alignment
Ensure that the laser beam does not directly enter the
patient’s eyes. This may lead to vision loss.
Ensure to align the laser beam properly. Distortions can be
found in the captured images, such as ghost shadows if the
laser beam is not correctly positioned.
1.
Align the Vertical Beam to the center of the face (Mid-sagittal Line) to
prevent the horizontal expansion of the image.
2.
Use the Horizontal Beam button on the control panel to position it. Align the
Horizontal Beam straight to the Frankfurt Line on the patient's face. Make
sure that the Horizontal Beam is aligned to the patient's face horizontally.
3.
Direct the patient to smile and align the Canine Teeth Beam to the center of
the canines. Use the Canine Teeth Beam Lever to adjust the position of the
beam.
Finishing Patient Positioning
68
1.
Ensure that the Temple Supports are at the CLOSE position before clicking
the READY button.
2.
Click the READY button. X-ray exposure has not started yet.
3.
Go to 7.4 X-ray Exposure to start the exposure.
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
SPECIAL Examination Mode (TMJ / Sinus)
7.3.2.1
TMJ Open (LAT / PA)
ENGLISH
7.3.2
To acquire a TMJ open image, follow the procedure below:
Patient Positioning
1.
Remove the Normal Chinrest and insert the Special Chinrest into the
equipment.
2.
Insert the Special Bite A into the Special Chinrest
Clean the chinrest and the bite with a non-alcoholic
chlorine dioxide-based product and wipe with a dry
towel before the next patient.
3.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to widen the Temple
Supports.
4.
Guide the patient to the equipment.
5.
Use the Column UP/DOWN button or switch option to adjust the height of
the equipment so that the patient's chin reaches the chinrest.
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
6.
Ask the patient to stand in the center of the equipment and direct them to
remain in the position outlined below.
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
7.
Hold the handles tightly.
Press the chest against the equipment.
Keep both feet close to the inside of the base.
Keep both shoulders parallel.
Straighten the Cervical Spine and stand still.
Ask the patient to press the base of the nose (acanthion point) against the
chinrest and tilt the head forward about 5˚.
Ensure that the patient’s jaw does not touch the equipment
to maintain the proper posture until the end of imaging.
8.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to fit the patient’s head and
prevent from moving.
9.
Ask the patient to maintain the posture as follows:
▪
▪
▪
Open the mouth.
Place the tongue on the roof of the mouth.
Close the eyes.
▪ As shown in the picture, the support unit of the integrated
chinrest should touch the patient's acanthion point.
▪ Ask the patient to maintain his/her position until the
operation is completed.
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
Laser Beam Alignment
ENGLISH
Ensure that the laser beam does not directly enter the
patient’s eyes.
Ensure to align the laser beam properly. Distortions can be
found in the captured images, such as ghost shadows if the
laser beam is not correctly positioned.
1.
Align the Vertical Beam with the center of the face (Mid-sagittal Line). (It’s to
prevent the horizontal expansion of the image)
2.
Use the Horizontal Beam button on the control panel to position it. Align the
Horizontal Beam straight to the Frankfurt Line on the patient's face. Make
sure that the Horizontal Beam is aligned to the patient's face horizontally.
Finishing Patient Positioning
1.
Ensure that the Temple Supports are at the CLOSE position before clicking
the READY button.
2.
Click the READY button. X-ray exposure has not started yet.
3.
Move to 7.4 X-ray Exposure to start the exposure.
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71
7. Acquiring PANO Images
7.3.2.2
TMJ Close (LAT / PA)
You can proceed with TMJ close mode only after finishing the TMJ open mode. To
acquire a TMJ close image, follow the procedure below:
Patient Positioning
1.
"Do you want to capture a TMJ Close image?" message will appear when
the TMJ Open mode is completed. Press/Click the OK button to begin TMJ
Close mode.
2.
Guide the patient to the equipment.
3.
Ask the patient to place the base of the nose (acanthion point) against the
Chinrest and bend the head forward about 5˚
4.
Ask the patient to maintain the posture as follows:
▪
▪
▪
Close the mouth.
Place the tongue on the roof of the mouth.
Close the eyes.
▪ As shown in the picture, the support unit of the integrated
Chinrest should touch the patient's acanthion point.
▪ Let the patient maintain his/her position until the operation
is completed.
Laser Beam Alignment
This is the same as the one for TMJ Open Mode.
Finishing Patient Positioning
This is the same as the one for TMJ Open Mode.
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
7.3.2.3
Sinus Mode (LAT / PA)
ENGLISH
To acquire a sinus image, follow the procedure below:
Patient Positioning
1.
Remove the Normal Chinrest and insert the Special Chinrest into the
equipment.
2.
Insert the Special Bite A into the Special Chinrest
Clean the chinrest and the bite with a non-alcoholic
chlorine dioxide-based product and wipe with a dry
towel before the next patient.
3.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to widen the Temple
Supports.
4.
Guide the patient to the equipment.
5.
Use the Column UP/DOWN button or switch option to adjust the height of
the equipment so that the patient's chin reaches the chinrest.
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73
7. Acquiring PANO Images
6.
Guide the patient to stand on the center of the equipment and direct them to
remain in the position outlined below.
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
7.
Hold the handles tightly.
Press the chest against the equipment.
Keep both feet close to the inside of the base.
Keep both shoulders parallel.
Straighten the Cervical Spine and stand still.
Ask the patient to maintain the base of the nose (acanthion point) against
the Chinrest and tilt the head forward about 5˚.
Ensure that the patient’s jaw does not touch the
equipment to maintain the proper posture until the end
of imaging.
8.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to fit the patient’s head and
prevent from moving.
9.
Ask the patient to maintain the posture as follows:
▪
▪
▪
Close the mouth.
Place the tongue on the roof of the mouth.
Close the eyes.
▪ As shown in the picture, the support unit of the
integrated Chinrest should touch the patient's
acanthion point.
▪ Ask the patient to maintain his/her position until the
operation is completed.
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
Laser Beam Alignment
ENGLISH
Ensure that the laser beam does not directly enter the
patient’s eyes. This may lead to vision loss.
Ensure to align the laser beam properly. Distortions can be
found in the captured images, such as ghost shadows if the
laser beam is not correctly positioned.
1.
Align the Vertical Beam with the center of the face (Mid-sagittal Line). (It’s to
prevent the horizontal expansion of the image)
2.
Use the Horizontal Beam button on the control panel to position it. Align the
Horizontal Beam straight to the Frankfurt Line on the patient's face. Make
sure that the Horizontal Beam is aligned to the patient's face horizontally.
Finishing Patient Positioning
1.
Ensure that the Temple Supports are at the CLOSE position before clicking
the READY button.
2.
Click the READY button. X-ray exposure has not started yet.
3.
Move to 7.4 X-ray Exposure to start the exposure.
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
7.4
X-ray Exposure
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Release the Exposure Switch to stop X-ray emission if
an emergency occurs during the image acquisition.
The operator must follow the X-ray safety regulation and
guidelines during the operation.
The operator must keep vocal/visual contact with the
patient during the image acquisition.
Do not operate the PC during exposure.
Ask patients to close their eyes during the operation.
Ask patients to hold their breath and stop swallowing
during the image acquisition.
Ask patients to stay in their positions until the Temple
Supports are open again.
1.
Move out of the X-ray room and close the door.
2.
Press and hold down the Exposure Switch until image acquisition is
completed.
The image appears on the screen.
During X-ray exposure, the status appears as follows:
▪ The LED light of the Exposure Switch turns yellow.
▪ The LED light on the top of the equipment turns yellow.
▪ An alert sound comes out to indicate that X-ray emission
is currently underway.
▪ On Console Software, the radiation mark turns yellow,
and “X-RAY” changes to “X-RAY ON.”
3.
76
Release the Exposure Switch when the “Image capturing is completed”
message appears on the screen.
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7. Acquiring PANO Images
7.5
ENGLISH
7.6
Finishing the Scan
1.
Open the temple supports and guide the patient out of the equipment.
2.
Remove the sanitary vinyl cover from the normal bite.
3.
Press the READY button from Control Panel to bring the rotating unit back to
its initial position based on modality.
Checking the Captured Images
Acquired images can be reconstructed and converted to DICOM format.
The exported images can be confirmed in EzDent-i.
1.
The images are transferred to EzDent-i automatically.
2.
The images are automatically saved if the automatic save option is the
default. If it is not configured as default, click the Save button to save
manually.
3.
To check the image, double-click the image on the Patient List.
Refer to the EzDent-i User Manual for more information.
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77
8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
8.
Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
8.1
CEPH Imaging Program Overview
◼
Result Images
It provides conventional 2D cephalometric images.
◼
Image Acquisition Method
It acquires multiple images by scanning the specific oral & maxillofacial regions
with the linear movement of the linear detector and reconstructs them into a
single 2D image through computer calculations.
◼
Examination Programs
It is classified below based on the ROI (Region of Interest).
Examination
Area
Description
▪
Lateral /
Full Lateral
(Optional)
▪
Studies in craniofacial disease, trauma, and
congenital malformation examine the soft
tissue in the otorhinolaryngological area, the
sinus, and the hard palate.
Measures the angles formed by the
connecting lines between the cranial
measurement points to further assess the
growth of the facial region. It's widely used in
Orthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgery.
Position
<Lateral>
<Full Lateral>
▪
▪
▪
PA
▪
78
Directs the radiation from the posterior of the
skull to the anterior.
Examines cranial diseases, trauma, and
congenital malformations.
Assesses the growth of the lateral side of the
face. It also examines the ramus
mandibulae, the posterior region of the thirdlargest molar in the lower jaw, the sidewall of
the maxillary sinus, the frontal sinus, antrum
ethmoidal, olfactory, and optic disc pits.
Measures the angles formed by the
connecting lines between the cranial
measurement points to further assess the
growth of the facial region. It is widely used
in Orthodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgery.
<PA>
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8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
Description
▪
SMV
▪
Waters’ view
Studies the base of the skull, horizontal
angulation of the mandibular condylar axis,
the sphenoid sinus, the curvature of the
lower jaw, the sidewall of the maxillary sinus,
and zygomatic arch fractures. Also used to
study the inner and outer alar plates and
holes at the skull base.
Position
ENGLISH
Examination
Area
<SMV>
Studies the frontal sinus, the antrum
ethmoidal, the optic disc pit, the
frontozygomatic suture, the nasal cavity, and
the coronoid process between the upper jaw
and the zygomatic arch.
<Waters’ view>
Carpus
▪
Assesses hand bone age to compare the
changes in the skull.
<Carpus>
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8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
8.2
Setting Exposure Parameters
Complete the steps in 6. Getting Started before setting the exposure parameter on
the console. You can also use the touch screen to set the exposure parameters.
Console Software - Main Window
Touch Screen - Main Window
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8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
1.
Select CEPH from the Modality Option.
ENGLISH
<Console Software>
<Touch Screen>
“CEPH” is visible on the menu only when your equipment
has the CEPH option.
2.
Select an image option: High Resolution or Green.
<Console Software>
3.
<Touch Screen>
Select an examination program from CEPH Examination menu.
<Console Software>
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<Touch Screen>
81
8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
4.
The patient information automatically selects the patient type entered earlier.
Confirm or change the patient type by clicking one of the buttons in the
patient menu.
<Console Software>
Adult
5.
Mode
Vatech Standards
Child
2~12 years of age
Man
Woman
> 12 years of age
Select an X-ray intensity according to the patient’s head circumference. In
general, the X-ray intensity must increase proportionally to the size of the
head circumference.
<Console Software>
Age
Child
Adult
82
<Touch Screen>
Average Head
Circumference
(cm)
53±3
56±3
<Touch Screen>
Range
(cm)
X-ray Intensity
>53±3
Hard
53±3
Normal
<53±3
Soft
>56±3
Hard
56±3
Normal
<56±3
Soft
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
6.
preselected condition by using the (
) button.
Each time you click the button, the voltage value is changed by ±1.0 kVp and
the current by ± 1.0 mA.
<Console Software>
7.
Click CONFIRM when all parameter settings are complete. When you click
the CONFIRM button, the following will take place:
▪
8.
<Touch Screen>
The patient information window displays the DAP (Dose Area Product),
scan time, and exposure time.
Ask the patient to enter the unit.
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83
ENGLISH
The system automatically configures the exposure condition based on
previous parameters chosen by the user. However, you can customize the
8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
8.3
Patient Positioning
▪
▪
Ask the patient (especially pregnant women and children)
to wear a lead apron to protect him or her from radiation
exposure.
Ensure that the laser beam does not directly enter the
patient’s eyes. This may lead to vision loss.
Ensure that the Nasal Positioner is unfolded before adjusting
the Ear Rods properly.
▪
▪
Correct posture reduces the shadow cast by the patient's
cervical spine and allows clear image acquisition.
Metal implants or bridges can reduce the quality of the
images.
Getting prepared
1.
Let the patient remove all the metal objects (glasses, earrings, hairpins,
braces, false teeth, etc.). Metal objects can induce ghost images and lower
image quality.
2.
Let the patient wear a lead apron to protect themselves from residual
radiation.
3.
Use the Column UP/DOWN button or switch option to adjust the equipment
to match the patient's height.
<Control Panel – LCD type>
84
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8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
8.3.1
Lateral / Full Lateral (Optional) Mode
ENGLISH
Correct posture reduces the shadow cast by the patient's
cervical spine and allows clear image acquisition.
Patient Positioning
1.
Turn the nasal positioner to the Lateral mode positioning marker, as shown
below.
2.
Leave enough space between the Ear Rods.
Use the Porion Position Reference Indicator that appears in
the acquired image to confirm the location of Porion quickly.
3.
Guide the patient to the CEPH unit.
4.
Direct the patient to relax his/her neck and shoulders and stand upright.
5.
Use the Column UP/DOWN button or switch option to adjust the height of
the CEPH unit to approximately match the patient's height.
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85
8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
6.
Align the Ear Rods to the patient’s ears properly so that the head does not
move during the operation. Then, align the Nasal Positioner with the
patient’s nasion by adjusting its height.
7.
Align horizontally to let the patient's Frankfurt Line become parallel with the
floor.
8.
Ask the patient to swallow and stay in his or her current position until image
acquisition ends.
9.
Click the READY button. The x-ray exposure has not started yet.
10. Move to 8.4 X-ray Exposure to start the exposure.
86
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8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
8.3.2
PA Mode
ENGLISH
Patient Positioning
1.
Turn the nasal positioner to the PA / Waters’ view / Carpus mode
positioning marker, as shown below.
2.
Fold the nasal positioner up. The nasal positioner is NOT used in PA mode.
3.
Guide the patient to the CEPH unit.
4.
Ask the patient to stand upright, facing the sensor. Make sure the patient’s
shoulders are level, and his/her neck is relaxed.
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87
8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
5.
Use the Column UP/DOWN button or switch option to adjust the height of
the CEPH unit to approximately match the patient's height.
6.
Align the Ear Rods to the patient's ears so that the head does not move
during the operation.
7.
Align horizontally to let the patient's Frankfurt Line become parallel with the
floor.
8.
Ask the patient to swallow and stay in his or her current position until image
acquisition ends.
9.
Click the READY button. The x-ray exposure has not started yet.
10. Move to 8.4 X-ray Exposure to start the exposure.
88
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8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
8.3.3
SMV Mode
ENGLISH
Patient Positioning
1.
As shown below, turn the nasal positioner to the SMV mode positioning
marker.
2.
Fold the nasal positioner up. The nasal positioner is NOT used in SMV
mode.
3.
Guide the patient to the CEPH unit.
4.
Ask the patient to face the X-ray tube and stand upright.
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89
8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
5.
Use the Column UP/DOWN button or switch option to adjust the height of
the CEPH unit to approximately match the patient's height.
6.
Align the Ear Rods to the patient's ears so that the head does not move
during the operation.
7.
Carefully tilt the patient's head back to let the patient’s Frankfurt Line
become vertical with the floor.
8.
Ask the patient to swallow and stay in his or her current position until image
acquisition ends.
.
9.
Click the READY button. The x-ray exposure has not started yet.
10. Move to 8.4 X-ray Exposure to start the exposure.
90
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8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
8.3.4
Waters’ View Mode
ENGLISH
Patient Positioning
1.
Turn the nasal positioner to the PA / Waters’ View / Carpus mode
positioning marker, as shown below.
2.
Fold the nasal positioner up. The nasal positioner is NOT used in Waters’
View mode.
3.
Guide the patient to the CEPH unit.
4.
Ask the patient to stand upright, facing the sensor. Make sure the patient’s
shoulders are level, and his/her neck is relaxed.
5.
Use the Column UP/DOWN button or switch option to adjust the height of
the CEPH unit to approximately match the patient's height.
After adjusting the height of the column, align the Ear
Rods to the patient.
6.
Align the Ear Rods to the patient's ears so that the head does not move
during the operation.
7.
Direct the patient to swallow first before closing the mouth and guide the
patient to bend the head 30˚ - 40˚ backward. Direct the patient to remain in
the current position until image acquisition is completed.
8.
Click the READY button. The x-ray exposure has not started yet.
9.
Move to 8.4 X-ray Exposure to start the exposure.
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91
8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
8.3.5
Carpus Mode
For Carpus Mode, install the Carpus Plate first before positioning the patient.
Installing the Carpus Plate
92
1.
Turn the nasal positioner to the PA / Waters’ View / Carpus mode
positioning marker, as shown below.
2.
Fold the nasal positioner up. The nasal positioner is NOT used in Carpus
mode.
3.
Fit the two ends of the Carpus Plate into the two holes of the CEPH unit as
below.
4.
Confirm that the Carpus Plate is safely mounted.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
Patient Positioning
Let the patient put his/her right hand splayed on the Carpus Plate, as shown
below. Make sure that the patient does not bend his/her fingers.
2.
Ask the patient to close his/her eyes and stand still until the image
acquisition is completed.
3.
Click the READY button. The x-ray exposure has not started yet.
4.
Move to 8.4 X-ray Exposure to start the exposure.
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93
ENGLISH
1.
8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
8.4
X-ray Exposure
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Release the Exposure Switch to stop X-ray emission if
an emergency occurs during the imaging acquisition.
The operator must follow the X-ray safety regulation and
guidelines during the operation.
The operator must keep vocal/visual contact with the
patient during the image acquisition.
Do not operate the PC during exposure.
Ask patients to close their eyes during the operation.
Ask patients to hold their breath and stop swallowing
during the image acquisition.
Ask patients to stay in their positions until the Temple
Supports are open again.
1.
Move out of the X-ray room and close the door.
2.
Press and hold down the Exposure Switch until image acquisition is
completed.
The image appears on the screen.
During X-ray exposure, the status appears as follows.
▪
The LED light of the Exposure Switch turns
yellow.
▪
The LED light on the top of the equipment turns
yellow.
▪
An alert sound comes out to indicate that X-ray
emission is currently underway.
▪
On Console Software, the radiation mark turns
yellow, and “X-RAY” changes to “X-RAY ON.”
3.
94
Release the Exposure Switch when the “Image capturing is completed”
message appears on the screen.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
8. Acquiring CEPH Images (Optional)
8.5
1.
Leave enough space between the Ear Rods.
2.
Fold the nasal positioner up in case it’s unfolded.
3.
Guide the patient out of the equipment.
ENGLISH
8.6
Finishing the Scan
Checking the Captured Images
Acquired images can be reconstructed and converted to DICOM format.
The exported images can be confirmed in EzDent-i
Refer to the EzDent-i User Manual for more information.
1.
The images are transferred to EzDent-i automatically.
2.
The images are automatically saved if the automatic save option is the
default. If it is not configured as default, click the Save button to save
manually.
3.
To check the image, double-click the image on the Patient List.
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95
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
9.
Acquiring CBCT Images
9.1
CBCT Imaging Program Overview
◼
Result Images
It provides conventional 3D CT sliced images.
◼
Image Acquisition Method
It acquires images with the X-ray beam scanning specific oral & maxillofacial
regions and reconstructs them into 3D sliced images.
◼
Examination Programs
It is classified as below based on the FOV.
Available
FOVs (cm)
ROI
Description
18x10
<Occlusion / Center>
13x10
<Occlusion / Center>
<TMJ / Right>
96
- Covers full arch
region, sinus, and
left/right TMJ.
- Suitable for most
oral surgery cases
as well as multiple
implant surgery.
- Covers both
maxillary and
mandibular
structures,
including the 3rd
molar region.
- TMJ Right/Left
and Airway mode
are available.
<TMJ / Left>
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9. Acquiring CBCT Images
ENGLISH
<Airway / Center>
<Occlusion / Right>
8x9
<Occlusion / Left>
<Occlusion / Center>
<TMJ / Right>
- Selectable FOV
for region (left/
center/right).
- Covers both
maxillary and
mandibular areas
and left/right TMJ.
<TMJ / Left>
- Selectable FOV
for region (left/
center/right).
- Covers both
maxillary and
mandibular areas.
8x5
<Mandible / Center>
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97
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
<Mandible / Left>
<Mandible / Right>
<Maxilla / Center>
< Maxilla / Left>
5x5
<Maxilla / Right Molar> <Maxilla / Left Molar>
<Maxilla / Right>
98
< Maxilla / Right>
- Covers 3 ~ 4
areas through
capturing ROI.
- Can acquire 3 ~
4 teeth at once.
- Endo mode
(Voxel Size: 0.08)
applied.
<Maxilla / Left>
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9. Acquiring CBCT Images
ENGLISH
<Maxilla / Incisor>
<Mandible / Incisor>
<Mandible / Right Molar> <Mandible / Left Molar>
<Mandible / Right>
<Mandible / Left>
1. <Mandible / Center>
Double Scan
(Optional)
- Full arch, sinus, left
and right TMJ area
can be checked
- Suitable for most
intra-oral surgery,
including multiple
implant placement
2. <Maxilla / Center>
After taking 2 consecutive
exposures in the order of
"1 → 2", it is automatically
synthesized and displayed
as one full image.
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99
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
9.2
Setting Exposure Parameters
Complete the steps in 6. Getting Started before setting the exposure parameter on the
console. You can also use the touch screen to set the exposure parameters.
Console Software’s Main Window
Touch Screen’s Main Window
100
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9. Acquiring CBCT Images
1.
Select CBCT from the Modality Option.
ENGLISH
<Console Software>
2.
<Touch Screen>
Select a FOV (Field of View). Your selection automatically sets vertical
Option, Horizontal Option, and Tooth Option. Go to the table to see
corresponding options for each FOV selection.
<Console Software>
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<Touch Screen>
101
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
Available FOV
(cm)
Vertical option
Horizontal option
Tooth option
18x10
Occlusion
Center
N/A
Occlusion
Center
13x10
Right
TMJ
Left
Airway
N/A
Center
Right
Occlusion
Center
8x9
Left
N/A
Right
TMJ
Left
Right
Maxilla
Center
N/A
Left
8x5
Right
Mandible
Center
N/A
Left
Right Molar
Right
5x5
Maxilla / Mandible
N/A
Incisor
Left
Left Molar
18x15
(Double Scan;
18x10 stitching)
Mandible (First Scan)
Maxilla (Second Scan)
Center
N/A
(Optional)
102
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9. Acquiring CBCT Images
3.
Select an image option: High resolution or Green.
ENGLISH
<Console Software>
4.
Select a Voxel Size: Standard or Application.
<Console Software>
5.
<Touch Screen>
<Touch Screen>
The patient type is automatically selected by the patient information entered
earlier. Confirm or change the patient type by clicking one of the buttons in
the patient menu.
<Console Software>
Adult
<Touch Screen>
Mode
Vatech Standards
Child
2~12 years of age
Man
Woman
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> 12 years of age
103
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
6.
Select an X-ray intensity according to the patient’s head circumference. See
the table below for the suggested X-ray intensities for different head
circumferences.
<Console Software>
Age
Child
Adult
7.
<Touch Screen>
Average Head
Circumference (cm)
53±3
56±3
Range (cm)
X-ray Intensity
>53±3
Hard
53±3
Normal
<53±3
Soft
>56±3
Hard
56±3
Normal
<56±3
Soft
The system automatically configures the exposure condition based on
previous parameters chosen by the user. However, you can customize the
preselected condition by using the (
) button.
Each time you click the button, the voltage value is changed by ±1.0 kVp and
the current by ± 0.1 mA.
<Console Software>
8.
9.
104
<Touch Screen>
Click CONFIRM when all parameter settings are complete. When you click
the CONFIRM button, the following will take place:
▪
The rotating unit moves to set position based on the selected modality.
▪
The vertical beam activates.
▪
The DAP (Dose Area Product), scan time, and exposure time are
displayed on the patient information window(see the figure below).
Ask the patient to enter the unit.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
9.3
Acquiring a Double Scan Image (optional)
The following sections explain how to set exposure parameters for the double scan (see
sections 9.3.1 and 9.3.2). Ensure to complete the steps in 6. Getting Started before
setting the parameters.
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105
ENGLISH
Double scan mode provides a full radiographic image of the upper and lower jaw. The
system runs a rapid scan of upper and lower jaws and stitches two images into one image.
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
9.3.1
Acquiring the First Scan Image
Follow the procedure below to complete the first part of the double-scan procedure.
1.
Click Double Scan from the FOV menu.
<Console Software>
<Touch Screen>
2.
Select an image option: High Resolution or Green.
3.
The patient type is automatically selected by the patient information entered
earlier. Confirm or change the patient type by clicking one of the buttons in
the patient menu.
4.
Select the image option. Click the settings first when you are using the
touch screen.
5.
Select the X-ray intensity according to the patient’s head circumference.
6.
The system automatically configures the exposure condition based on
previous parameters chosen by the user. However, you can customize the
preselected condition by using the (
) button.
Each time you click the button, the voltage value is changed by ±1.0 kVp and
the current by ± 0.1 mA.
<Console Software>
<Touch Screen>
7.
Press CONFIRM when all parameter settings are complete. The CONFIRM
button turns to the READY button.
8.
Ask the patient to enter the unit and position according to 9.4 Patient
Positioning.
9.
Press READY. The x-ray exposure has not started yet.
10. Follow the procedure in 9.5 X-ray exposure to launch the X-ray.
11. Ask the patient to leave the X-ray room.
106
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9. Acquiring CBCT Images
9.3.2
Acquiring the Second Scan Image
1.
Click Maxilla from the Vertical Option menu.
2.
The system automatically configures the exposure condition based on
previous parameters chosen by the user. However, you can customize the
preselected condition by using the (
) button.
Each time you click the button, the voltage value is changed by ±1.0 kVp and
the current by ± 0.1 mA.
<Console Software>
3.
<Touch Screen>
Click CONFIRM. When you click the CONFIRM button, the following will take
place:
▪
The rotating unit moves to set position based on the selected modality.
▪
The vertical beam is activated.
▪
The patient information window displays DAP (Dose Area Product), scan
time, and exposure time value.
4.
Ask the patient to enter the unit and position according to 9.4 Patient
Positioning.
5.
Press READY. The x-ray exposure has not started yet.
6.
Follow the procedure in 9.5 X-ray exposure to launch the X-ray.
7.
Ask the patient to leave the X-ray room and check the image quality
following the procedure in 9.6 Finishing the Scan.
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107
ENGLISH
Follow the procedure below to complete the second part of the double-scan procedure.
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
9.4
Patient Positioning
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Ask the patient (especially pregnant women and children)
to wear a lead apron to protect him or her from radiation
exposure.
Ensure that the laser beam does not directly enter the
patient’s eyes. This may lead to vision loss.
Correct posture reduces the shadow cast by the patient's
cervical spine and allows clear image acquisition.
Metal implants or bridges can reduce the quality of the
images.
Ensure to adjust the laser beam correctly. Otherwise, the
quality of images can be lowered due to ghost images or
expansion/reduction of the images.
Getting prepared
1.
Let the patient remove all the metal objects (glasses, earrings, hairpins,
braces, false teeth, etc.). Metal objects can induce ghost images and lower
image quality.
2.
Let the patient wear a lead apron to protect themselves from residual
radiation.
3.
Use the Column UP/DOWN button or switch option to adjust the equipment
to match the patient's height.
< Control Panel – LCD type>
108
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9. Acquiring CBCT Images
Normal Patient Positioning
Insert the normal bite into the normal chinrest and cover it with sanitary vinyl.
▪ The sanitary vinyl cover is for single use only. It should be
replaced for each patient. Ensure to use the approved
vinyl cover.
▪ Clean the chinrest and the bite with a non-alcoholic
chlorine dioxide-based product and wipe with a dry towel
before the next patient.
2.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to widen the temple
supports.
3.
Guide the patient to the equipment.
4.
Use the Column UP/DOWN button or switch option to adjust the height of
the equipment so that the patient's chin reaches the Chinrest.
5.
Ask the patient to stand in the center of the equipment and direct them to
remain in the position outlined below.
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Hold the handles tightly.
Press the chest against the equipment.
Keep both feet close to the inside of the base.
Keep both shoulders parallel.
Straighten the Cervical Spine and stand still.
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109
ENGLISH
1.
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
6.
Ask the patient to bite the normal bite along its grooves with his/her front
teeth.
7.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to fit the patient’s head and
prevent from moving.
8.
Ask the patient to maintain the posture as follow:
▪
▪
▪
110
Close the mouth.
Place the tongue on the roof of the mouth.
Close the eyes.
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9. Acquiring CBCT Images
Edentulous Patient Positioning
Remove the Normal Chinrest and insert the Special Chinrest into the
equipment.
2.
Insert the Special Bite B into the Special Chinrest.
ENGLISH
1.
Clean the chinrest and the bite with a non-alcoholic
chlorine dioxide-based product and wipe with a dry
towel before the next patient.
3.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to widen the Temple Supports.
4.
Guide the patient to the equipment.
5.
Use the Column UP/DOWN button or switch option to adjust the height of the
equipment so that the patient's chin reaches the Chinrest.
6.
Ask the patient to stand in the center of the equipment and direct them to
remain in the position outlined below.
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
7.
Hold the handles tightly.
Press the chest against the equipment.
Keep both feet close to the inside of the base.
Keep both shoulders parallel.
Straighten the Cervical Spine and stand still.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to fit the patient’s head and
prevent from moving.
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111
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
8.
Ask the patient to maintain the posture as follows:
▪
▪
▪
112
Close the mouth.
Place the tongue on the roof of the mouth.
Close the eyes.
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9. Acquiring CBCT Images
Double Scan (Mandible) Patient Positioning
Remove the Special Chinrest and insert the Normal Chinrest into the
equipment.
2.
Insert the Special Bite B into the Normal Chinrest.
3.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to widen the Temple
Supports.
4.
Guide the patient to the equipment.
5.
Use the Vertical Frame Up/Down button or switch option to adjust the
height of the equipment so that the patient's chin reaches the Chinrest.
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ENGLISH
1.
113
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
6.
Ask the patient to stand in the center of the equipment and direct them to
remain in the position outlined below.
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
7.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to fit the patient’s head and
prevent from moving.
8.
Ask the patient to maintain the posture as follows:
▪
114
Hold the handles tightly.
Press the chest against the equipment.
Keep both feet close to the inside of the base.
Keep both shoulders parallel.
Straighten the cervical spine and stand still.
Close the eyes.
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9. Acquiring CBCT Images
Double Scan (Maxilla) Patient Positioning
Remove the Normal Chinrest and Special Bite B.
2.
Insert the Double Scan Support into the equipment.
ENGLISH
1.
Double Scan Support
3.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to widen the temple
supports.
4.
Guide the patient to the equipment.
5.
Use the Vertical Frame Up/Down button or switch option to adjust the
height of the equipment so that the patient's chin reaches the chinrest.
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115
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
6.
Ask the patient to stand in the center of the equipment and direct them to
remain in the position outlined below.
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
7.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to fit the patient’s head and
prevent from moving.
8.
Ask the patient to maintain the posture as follows:
▪
116
Hold the handles tightly.
Press the chest against the equipment.
Keep both feet close to the inside of the base.
Keep both shoulders parallel.
Straighten the Cervical Spine and stand still.
Close the eyes.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
TMJ Patient Positioning
Remove the Normal Chinrest and insert the Special Chinrest into the
equipment.
2.
Insert the Special Bite A into the Special Chinrest
3.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to widen the temple
supports.
4.
Guide the patient to the equipment.
5.
Use the Vertical Frame Up/Down button or switch option to adjust the
height of the equipment so that the patient's chin reaches the chinrest.
6.
Ask the patient to stand in the center of the equipment and direct them to
remain in the position outlined below.
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
ENGLISH
1.
Hold the handles tightly.
Press the chest against the equipment.
Keep both feet close to the inside of the base.
Keep both shoulders parallel.
Straighten the Cervical Spine and stand still.
7.
Use the Temple Supports OPEN/CLOSE button to fit the patient’s head and
prevent from moving.
8.
Ask the patient to maintain the posture as follows:
▪
Close the eyes.
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117
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
Laser Beam Alignment
Ensure that the laser beam does not directly enter the
patient’s eyes. This may lead to vision loss.
Ensure to align the laser beam properly. Distortions can be
found in the captured images, such as ghost shadows if the
laser beam is not correctly positioned.
Vertical Beam
/ Mid-sagittal plane
Horizontal Beam
/ Frankfurt plane
e.g. FOV 16 X 9
This is a sample illustration for reference only. Actual FOV
may vary from the image, as shown above.
▪
▪
1.
The horizontal beam is used to point to the center of the
height within the FOV.
Unlike in the PANO mode, the horizontal beam does not
move in the CT mode.
Align the Vertical Beam with the center of the face (Mid-sagittal Line) to
prevent the horizontal expansion of the image.
Finishing Patient Positioning
118
1.
Ensure that the temple supports are at the CLOSE position before clicking
the READY button.
2.
Click the READY button. X-ray exposure has not started yet.
3.
Move to 9.5 X-ray Exposure to start the exposure.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
9.5
X-ray Exposure
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Release the Exposure Switch to stop X-ray emission if
an emergency occurs during the imaging acquisition.
The operator must follow the X-ray safety regulation and
guidelines during the operation.
The operator must keep vocal/visual contact with the
patient during the image acquisition.
Do not operate the PC during exposure.
Ask patients to close their eyes during the operation.
Ask patients to hold their breath and stop swallowing
during the image acquisition.
Ask patients to stay in their positions until the Temple
Supports are open again.
1.
Move out of the X-ray room and close the door.
2.
Press and hold down the Exposure Switch until image acquisition is
completed.
The image appears on the screen.
During X-ray exposure, the status appears as follows.
▪ The LED light of the Exposure Switch turns yellow.
▪ The LED light on the top of the equipment turns yellow.
▪ An alert sound comes out to indicate that X-ray emission
is currently underway.
▪ On Console Software, the radiation mark turns yellow,
and “X-RAY” changes to “X-RAY ON.”
3.
Release the Exposure Switch when the “Image capturing is completed”
message appears on the screen.
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119
ENGLISH
▪
9. Acquiring CBCT Images
9.6
9.7
Finishing the Scan
1.
Open the temple supports and guide the patient out of the equipment.
2.
Remove the sanitary vinyl cover from the normal bite.
3.
Press the READY button from Control Panel to bring the rotating unit back to
its initial position based on modality.
Checking the Captured Images
Acquired images can be reconstructed and converted to DICOM format.
The exported images can be confirmed in EzDent-i
Refer to the EzDent-i User Manual for more information.
120
1.
The images are transferred to EzDent-i automatically.
2.
The images are automatically saved if the automatic save option is the
default. If it is not configured as default, click the Save button to save
manually.
3.
To check the image, double-click the image on the Patient List.
4.
Ez3D-i runs automatically for 3D viewing.
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9. Acquiring CBCT Images
ENGLISH
This Page is Left Blank Intentionally
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121
10. Acquiring 3D MODEL Scan Images
10. Acquiring 3D MODEL Scan Images
10.1
3D MODEL Scan Imaging Program Overview
◼
Result Images
It provides 3D modeling surface data of the Plaster Cast. (STL file)
◼
Image Acquisition Method
It acquires images with the X-ray beam scanning the Plaster Cast, reconstructs
them to 3D sliced images, and converts them into 3D modeling surface data.
◼
Examination Programs
It is classified as below based on the MODEL type.
Applied
FOV
(cm)
Vertical
Option
ROI
Description
Upper
(Maxilla)
Captures a whole
maxillary Plaster Cast.
Lower
(Mandible)
Captures a whole
mandibular Plaster
Cast.
8x9
122
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
10. Acquiring 3D MODEL Scan Images
10.2
Setting Exposure Parameters
3D Model Main Window (Console Software)
Touch Screen’s Main Window
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123
ENGLISH
Complete the steps in 6. Getting Started before setting the exposure parameter on the
console. You can also use the touch screen to set the exposure parameters.
10. Acquiring 3D MODEL Scan Images
Follow the procedure below to set exposure parameters for the 3D model Scan:
1.
Click MODEL from the modality menu.
2.
Select Upper or Lower.
3.
The patient type is automatically selected by the patient information entered
earlier. Confirm or change the patient type by clicking one of the buttons in
the patient menu.
<Console Software>
4.
<Touch Screen>
Select the X-ray intensity.
<Console Software>
5.
<Touch Screen>
The system automatically configures the exposure condition based on
previous parameters chosen by the user. However, you can customize the
preselected condition by using the (
) button.
Each time you click the button, the voltage value is changed by ±1.0 kVp and
the current by ± 0.1 mA.
<Console Software>
124
<Touch Screen>
6.
Click CONFIRM when all parameter settings are completed.
7.
Prepare the plaster cast to take the next step (see 10.3 MODEL
Positioning)
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10. Acquiring 3D MODEL Scan Images
10.3
MODEL Positioning
ENGLISH
MODEL Scan Jig Installation
1.
Remove the temple supports and the chinrest.
2.
Insert the MODEL scan jig.
Laser Beam Alignment
1.
Put the plaster cast on the MODEL scan jig. (Whether the plaster cast is for
maxilla or mandibular, place it flat side down.)
2.
Align the mid-sagittal plane laser beam at the center of the plaster cast to
prevent the horizontal expansion of the image.
3.
Click the READY button. X-ray exposure has not started yet.
4.
Move to 10.4 X-ray Exposure to start the exposure
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125
10. Acquiring 3D MODEL Scan Images
10.4
X-ray Exposure
Do not operate the PC during exposure. Doing so may
cause the system to malfunction.
1.
Move out of the X-ray room and close the door.
2.
Press and hold down the Exposure Switch until image acquisition is
completed.
The image appears on the screen.
During X-ray exposure, the status appears as follows.
▪
The LED light of the Exposure Switch turns
yellow.
▪
The LED light on the top of the equipment turns
yellow.
▪
An alert sound comes out to indicate that X-ray
emission is currently underway.
▪
On Console Software, the radiation mark turns
yellow, and “X-RAY” changes to “X-RAY ON.”
126
3.
Release the Exposure Switch when the “Image capturing is completed”
message appears on the screen.
4.
Remove the plaster cast out of the equipment.
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10. Acquiring 3D MODEL Scan Images
10.5
Checking the Captured Images
ENGLISH
Acquired images can be reconstructed and converted to DICOM or STL (Stereo
Lithography).
Refer to the EzDent-i User Manual for more information.
1.
The images are transferred to EzDent-i automatically.
2.
The images are automatically saved if the automatic save option is the
default. If it is not configured as default, click the Save button to save
manually.
3.
To check the image, double-click the image on the Patient List.
4.
You can check the captured image with a 3rd party STL viewer.
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127
11. Troubleshooting
11. Troubleshooting
11.1
Troubleshooting
If a problem occurs while operating the equipment, perform the corresponding
troubleshooting measures outlined below. If the problem persists, please contact our
customer support staff.
If the equipment is not working
Cause
Failure of power supply
Actions to be taken
Check the equipment’s power supply.
Initialization status
Wait until the equipment has been initialized, and then
try again.
Failure of the Control
PC's connection
Check the Communication Port (Optic) connection
status, which connects the PC to the equipment.
If the Exposure Switch is not functioning
Cause
Failure of readiness
Actions to be taken
Check whether the Console Software is ready for
imaging.
If imaging cannot be performed
Cause
Actions to be taken
Failure of initialization
Wait until the equipment is initialized and then try again.
If this problem persists, restart the equipment.
If the Laser Beam has shut off and patient positioning cannot be performed
128
Cause
Actions to be taken
Expiration of the time
allotted for patient
positioning
Press the Laser Beam button to turn on the Laser Beam.
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11. Troubleshooting
11.2
Error Codes
Error code is displayed in the format below:
[Code: E00X.0XX.0XX]
The code consists of three parts: Main code, Subcode, and
Tail code.
▪
▪
▪
11.2.1
The main code describes the source of error codes.
The source is categorized as hardware, software, an
acquisition module, etc.
Subcode describes the specific area where the error
has occurred according to the main code.
The tail code describes the specific symptoms and
causes of the errors mentioned in the subcode.
Main code - Hardware (001)
11.2.1.1 Subcode – Generator related error (001)
Tail code
Description
001
Appears when the tube is not ready for use
002
Appears when the cable between the tube tank and Inverter board is
disconnected
003
Appears when a current of the inverter board exceeds the maximum
allowable level during X-ray irradiation
004
Appears when there is ±10kV or more voltage difference in tube
voltage compared to a reference value
005
Appears when there is ±0.5mA or more current difference in tube
current compared to a reference value
006
Appears when there is ±20kV or more voltage difference in tube
voltage feedback compared to the average value
007
Appears when there is ±1mA or more current difference in tube
current feedback compared to the average value
008
Appears when the temperature of the mono tank is above the setting
temperature
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129
ENGLISH
Error codes appear when the system detects abnormal activities. When you see the
error code on the control panel or the console window, contact VATECH for help.
11. Troubleshooting
Tail code
Description
009
Appears when the inverter output current is higher than 1A during Xray irradiation
(In EP, IP condition)
010
Appears when the inverter board falsely recognizes the exposure
switch signal as OFF after the irradiation on command
011
Appears when the X-ray OFF command is not sent to the inverter
board in 0.5 seconds after turning off the exposure switch
012
Appears when kV feedback is over -20kV compared to the setting
value during X-ray irradiation
013
Appears when kV feedback is over +20kV compared to the setting
value during X-ray irradiation.
014
Appears when the mA feedback value is less than 50% compared to
setting conditions during X-ray irradiation.
015
Appears when the mA feedback value is higher than 150% compared
to setting conditions during X-ray irradiation.
11.2.1.2 Sub code - Motor related error (002)
Tail code
130
Description
020
Appears when p-axis motor origin movement fails
021
Appears when rotator-axis motor origin movement fails
027
Appears when Cephalo sensor motor origin movement fails
030
Appears when quadruple axis collimator Left origin movement fails
031
Appears when quadruple axis collimator Right origin movement fails
032
Appears when quadruple axis collimator Up origin movement fails
033
Appears when quadruple axis collimator down origin movement fails
037
Appears when generator tilting fails
038
Appears when temple support the motor operation fails
039
Appears when X-axis motor origin movement fails
040
Appears when Y-axis motor origin movement fails
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
11. Troubleshooting
11.2.1.3 Subcode – Exposure Switch related error (003)
060
ENGLISH
Tail code
Description
Appears if the exposure switch is pressed when turning on the
equipment.
11.2.1.4 Subcode – Other error (004)
Tail code
102
11.2.2
Description
Appears when there is no response during CAN communication.
Main code – Software (002)
11.2.2.1 Sub code – Sequence related error (001)
Tail code
Description
001
Appears when the packing mode is enabled
002
Appears when the door is open
003
Appears when the exposure switch is pressed
11.2.2.2 Sub code – PC Resolution related error (010)
Tail code
Description
001
Appears when the resolution is less than 1280x1024
002
Appears when the resolution is less than 1200x960
11.2.2.3 Subcode – PC Network related error (024)
Tail code
11.2.3
Description
002
Appears when the port is invalid
003
Appears when the time is out
Main code - Acquisition Module (003)
11.2.3.1 Sub code – Initialization Failure related error (010)
Tail code
Description
000
Appears when the COM port cannot be opened
001
Appears when the frame grabber interface cannot be initialized or
memory for acquisition cannot be reserved
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131
11. Troubleshooting
Tail code
Description
002
Appears when the MCU is not communicable or the modem ring
signal is in an improper state
11.2.3.2 Sub code – Capture Failure related error (020)
Tail code
000
Description
Appears when there is a capture error
11.2.3.3 Sub code – Reconstruction Failure related error (030)
Tail code
001
Description
Appears when bugs exist in VXM-file or there is insufficient
memory
11.2.3.4 Subcode – Hardware related error (061)
Tail code
HW Error No
132
Description
Appears when the error occurs during acquisition module
operation
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11. Troubleshooting
ENGLISH
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133
12. Cleaning and Disinfection
12. Cleaning and Disinfection
To prevent product contamination and deformation, clean the equipment and its
accessories according to the guidelines in this section.
Before you start cleaning or disinfecting the equipment:
•
Turn off the equipment.
•
Wear safety gloves.
•
Select the product that does not contain the following: phenol, acetic acid,
peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol, isopropanol),
iodine-splitting agents, and oxygen-splitting agents.
When you are cleaning or disinfecting the equipment:
•
Read and follow the instructions written on the cleaning agent’s label.
•
Do not apply liquids inside the unit.
•
Do not spray liquid over the surface of the equipment.
•
Wipe the areas thoroughly after cleaning until no liquid is left.
Cleaning with the power still on may lead to serious injury for
you and other people around the equipment.
VATECH does not recommend or endorse cleaning products.
The user's responsibility is to determine what product is
adequate to use for cleaning based on FDA and local
regulations.
Spraying or pouring liquid into the equipment may cause a
fire, electric shock, and serious damage to the equipment.
134
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12. Cleaning and Disinfection
12.1
Cleaning
ENGLISH
The accessories and parts that have contact with the patient’s mucous membranes
must be cleaned between each patient use, including:
•
Normal / Special A / Special B bite
•
Temple Supports
•
Chinrest
•
Nasal Positioner
•
Ear Rods
When you clean the accessories or the parts, use:
•
A soft cloth
•
Chlorine dioxide-based and non-alcoholic cleaning products
The following tables describe the proper procedure for each part and accessory:
Accessory /Part
Bite
(Normal / Special A / Special
B / Deep Bite*)
Temple Supports
Chinrest
Procedure
1)
2)
3)
Remove all visible soil with a paper wipe or
disposable cloth.
Gently wipe the target areas clean using a
soft cloth dampened with a cleaning product.
Dry the components or accessories with a
paper wipe or clean & dry cloth until no liquid
is left.
Computer and Peripherals
Clean the components following the
manufacturer's instructions in the accompanying
manual.
Outer Covers of Equipment
Wipe the covers with a dry cloth once a day.
*Deep bite is provided only in Asian countries, including Japan.
Do not use abrasive liquids such as acetone, gas, or oil, for
they may cause corrosion on the equipment’s surface.
Do not use a product that contains silicone. Silicone-based
products may damage the equipment’s electrical component.
Always dampen the cloth with the cleaning agent. (Do not
soak the cloth into liquids.
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135
12. Cleaning and Disinfection
12.2
Disinfection
Follow the precautions below when you choose a disinfectant for the equipment.
136
▪
Use disinfectants that satisfy the national and regional standards. Your region’s
regulatory body must approve selected disinfectants for their safety.
▪
Use a disinfectant product for the parts that are frequently touched or come to
contact with the patients and staff.
▪
Use a non-alcoholic chlorine dioxide-based disinfectant.
▪
Do not use a UV sterilizer to disinfect the equipment. UV light can discolor the
surface of the equipment.
▪
Always follow the direction on the label.
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12. Cleaning and Disinfection
ENGLISH
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137
13. Maintenance
13. Maintenance
VATECH requires periodic constancy tests to ensure image quality and the safety of
the patient and the operator.
Only VATECH-authorized technicians can perform inspection and service for the
equipment. Contact the VATECH service center or your local VATECH representative
for technical assistance.
13.1
Regular Maintenance
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
138
Always turn off the equipment before performing any
maintenance.
Do not remove equipment covers. There are no
repairable parts inside.
As a precaution against fire, the replacement should be
one in the same type and range.
There are no user-serviceable parts inside this
equipment.
Please contact your local VATECH representative if any
service is required.
▪
Do not expose the equipment or components in an area susceptible to water or
humidity.
▪
Do not expose the equipment in an area of extreme fluctuation in temperature,
poor ventilation, direct sunlight, dust, salt, etc.
▪
Keep all detachable components well organized and clean.
▪
Ensure that the equipment is well-grounded.
▪
Do not try to modify this equipment, including the wires or cables. Doing so may
damage it beyond repair.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
13. Maintenance
13.1.1
Maintenance Task Checklist
Period
Before the operation, ensure that the equipment is clean and ready for
use. Ensure that all parts that come in direct contact with the patient
have been cleaned thoroughly.
Daily
After using the equipment, ensure that the Main Power Switch has
been turned off.
Daily
Ensure that the plug and the power cord are not heated abnormally.
Daily
Confirm that the LED indicator turns yellow when the Exposure Switch
is pressed. Ensure that the LED indicator remains yellow for the entire
duration of the exposure.
Daily
Ensure that the power cable is not kinked, broken, exposed, and free of
all other defects.
Daily
Confirm that activating the Emergency Stop Switch ceases the unit’s
operation. Pressing the Emergency Stop Switch should stop all
movement of the equipment and X-ray emission.
Weekly
Ensure that all visible labels are intact and legible.
Weekly
Check for possible damages to the Exposure Switch cable.
Monthly
Confirm that the audio message is audible throughout the exposure.
Monthly
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139
ENGLISH
Tasks
14. Disposing of the Equipment
14. Disposing of the Equipment
This equipment is designed for safe use and disposal. Many components of the
equipment, except some parts like the X-ray tube, are environmentally friendly and
recyclable.
All parts and components of hazardous materials must be disposed of by disposal
regulations (IEC 60601-1 6.8.2 j).
Parts
Materials
Recyclable
Frame and
Covers
Aluminum
and plastics
●
Motors
●
Circuit Boards
●
Cables and
Transformer
Copper
●
Steel
●
Oil
Packing
To the special
disposal site
Hazardous
waste; Needs
Separate
Collection
●
Wood
●
Cardboard
●
Paper
●
X-ray Tube
Sensor Head
Other parts
●
Return the Sensor Head to VATECH
●
This dental equipment shall not be disposed of as domestic
garbage materials.
Clean / Disinfect / Sterilize the equipment before
disassembling it and disposing of its parts.
Check all regulations relevant to the disposal of waste in
your country.
140
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14. Disposing of the Equipment
ENGLISH
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141
15. Technical Specifications
15. Technical Specifications
15.1
Mechanical Specifications
15.1.1
Dimensions (unit = mm)
With CEPH unit
Without CEPH unit
Top
view
(with
Base)
Front
view
(with
Base)
142
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15. Technical Specifications
With CEPH unit
Without CEPH unit
ENGLISH
Top
view
(withou
t Base)
Front
view
(withou
t Base)
[Wall Bracket Dimensions]
Front view
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Side view
143
15. Technical Specifications
Item
Description
Without
CEPH unit
137 kg (302.0 lbs. – without Base)
With
CEPH unit
162 kg (357.1 lbs. – without Base)
Weight
Total Height
215 kg (474.0 lbs. – with Base)
Without
Base
Max. 2307.5 mm (90.9”)
With
Base
Max. 2335.5 mm (92.0”)
Without
CEPH unit
Dimensions
during operation
(Length x Width x
Height)
With
CEPH unit
1155.0 (L) x 1595.8 (W) x 2307.5 (H)
(mm, without Base)
45.5 (L) x 62.9(W) x 90.9(H)
(inch, without Base)
1155.0 (L) x 1595.8 (W) x 2335.5 (H) (mm,
with Base)
45.5 (L) x 62.9 (W) x 92.0 (H)
(inch, with Base)
1904.0 (L) x 1595.8 (W) x 2307.5 mm (H)
(mm, without Base)
75.0 (L) x 62.9 (W) x 90.9 (H)
(inch, without Base)
1904.0 (L) x 1595.8 (W) x 2335.5 (H)
(mm, with Base)
75.0 (L) x 62.9 (W) x 92.0 (H)
(inch, with Base)
Rotating Unit Vertical Movement
Max. 800.0 mm (31.5”)
Installation Type
Base Stand/Wall Mount
(Default: Wall Mount type)
Packing Box Organization
Main Box,
CEPH Box (Optional), Base Box (Optional)
Image Magnification
15.1.2
144
190 kg (418.9 lbs. – with Base)
Mode
FDD (mm)
FOD (mm)
ODD (mm)
Magnification
PANO
600
477.7
122.3
1 : 1.25
CEPH
1745
1524
221.0
1 : 1.14
CBCT
600
428.6
171.4
1 : 1.40
▪
FDD: Focal Spot to Detector Distance
▪
FOD: Focal Spot to Object Distance
▪
ODD: Object to Detector Distance (ODD = FDD - FOD)
▪
Magnification = FDD / FOD
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15. Technical Specifications
Technical Specifications
15.2.1
X-ray Generator Specifications
ENGLISH
15.2
Specifications
Item
Description
Model
Generator
DG-07E22T2
Rated output power
1.6 kW
Inverter model
name
INV-22
Type
Inverter
kVp
60 kV ~ 99 kV
(1 kV increment)
mA
4 mA ~ 16 mA
(0.1 mA increment for CBCT,
1.0 mA increment for PANO and CEPH)
Normal /
Pulse
Cooling
Tube
Cooling Protect
(Optional fan cooling ≥ 60℃)
Total filtration
Min. 2.5 mm Al
Default filtration
1.0 mm Al
Added filtration
1.5 mm Al (Fixed) / PANO and CEPH
mode
1.5 mm Al (Fixed) + 3.0 mm Al
(Automatically added) / CBCT mode
Manufacturer
Canon Electron Tubes & Devices
Model
D-052SB (Stationary Anode type)
Focal spot size
0.5 mm (IEC 60336)
Target Angle
5 degree
Inherent Filtration
At least 0.8 mm Al equivalent at 50 kV
X-ray Coverage
95 mm x 380 mm at SID 550 mm
Anode Heat
Content
35 kJ
Duty Cycle
1:60 or more
(Exposure time: Interval time)
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145
15. Technical Specifications
Test Condition
Mode
PANO
CEPH
Tube Voltage (kVp)
Tube Current (mA)
Exposure Time (s)
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
13.5
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
11.5
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
11.3
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
11.1
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
9.2
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
7.7
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
7.0
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
6.8
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
6.7
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
6.1
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
5.8
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
5.7
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
5.2
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
5.0
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
3.7
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
3.5
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
3.3
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
2.8
60 ~ 90
4 ~ 14
1.4
60 ~ 99
4 ~ 16
1.9
60 ~ 99
4 ~ 15
2.4
60 ~ 99
4 ~ 15
3.9
60 ~ 99
4 ~ 14
4.9
60 ~ 99
4 ~ 14
5.4
60 ~ 99
4 ~ 12
9.0
60 ~ 99
4 ~ 12
4.9
CBCT
146
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15. Technical Specifications
❚❚ Maximum Rating Charts
ENGLISH
❚❚ Emission & Filament Characteristics
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147
15. Technical Specifications
❚❚ Anode Thermal Characteristics
❚❚ X-ray Housing Assembly Tube Characteristics
148
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15. Technical Specifications
15.2.2
Detector Specifications
ENGLISH
Description
Item
Model
Detector Type
PANO & CBCT
CEPH
Xmaru1515CF
Xmaru2602CF
CMOS photodiode array
Pixel size
198 µm @ 4X4 binning
(49.5 µm @ no binning)
200 µm @ 2x2 binning
(100 µm @ no binning)
Active area
CBCT - 155.2 mm X 145.7 mm
PANO - 5.9 mm X 135.8 mm
15.6 mm x 259 mm
Frame Rate
~ 95 Hz @ 4X4 binning
~ 330 Hz @ 2x2 binning
Analogue-Digital
Conversion
14 bits
10 ~ 35 ℃ (Temperature)
Operating condition
10 ~ 75 % (Humidity)
-10 ~ 60 ℃ (Temperature)
Storage condition
10 ~ 75 % (Humidity)
Sensor size
188 mm (L) x 247 mm (W) x
32.5 mm (H)
110 mm (L) x 279 mm
(W) x 20 mm (H)
Sensor weight
1830 g
1050 g
Converter
Csl : Ti
Energy Range
50 ~ 120 kVp
Readout
Charge amplifier array
Video Output
Optic
MTF
> 45 % @ 1 lp/mm,
> 10 % @ 2.5 lp/mm
> 40 % @ 1 lp/mm
> 8 % @ 2.5 lp/mm
DQE
> 60 % @~0 lp/mm
> 70 % @~0 lp/mm
Dynamic Range
> 80 dB
> 70 dB
Green 18 (Model:PHT-65LHS) User Manual
149
15. Technical Specifications
15.3
Electrical Specifications
Item
Power supply voltage
Description
100 - 240 V ~
Frequency
50 / 60 Hz
Power rating
2.0 kVA
Accuracy
Tube Voltage (kVp) ± 10 %, Tube Current (mA) ±
20 %, Exposure Time (s) ± (5 % + 50 ms)
▪
The input line voltage depends on the local electrical distribution system.
▪
Allowable input voltage fluctuation requirement: ±10 %.
▪
Mode of operation: non-continuous operation (NFPA 70: long time operation) needs waiting time (at least 60 times the exposure time) before the next exposure
begins.
▪
Column operation time: Max. 2 min. On / 18 min. Off (Ratio 1:9)
Green18
150
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
15. Technical Specifications
▪
▪
15.4
Environmental Specifications
Item
During Operation
Description
Temperature
10 ~ 35 ℃
Relative humidity
30 ~ 75 %
Atmospheric pressure
During Transport
and Storage
860 ~ 1060 hPa
Temperature
-10 ~ 60 ℃
Relative humidity
10 ~ 75 %
Atmospheric pressure
Green 18 (Model:PHT-65LHS) User Manual
860 ~ 1060 hPa
151
ENGLISH
A separate 3-core grounded power cable connected
directly to the central distribution panel with an overcurrent circuit breaker rated for 20A must be used to
assure line voltage quality.
Maximally allowed deviation of the tube voltage/tube
current/exposure time:
Tube Voltage (kVp) ± 10 % / Tube Current (mA) ± 20 % /
Exposure Time (s) ± (5 % + 50 ms) according to IEC
60601-2-63.
The mains resistance should not exceed 0.045 ohms at
100 V and 0.19 ohm at 240 V.
▪
16. Appendices
16. Appendices
16.1
Recommended X-ray Exposure Tables
16.1.1
PANO Mode
Exposure Condition
Mode
Image
Option
High
Resolution
Gender /
Age group
X-ray
Intensity
Tube Voltage
(kVp)
Tube Current
(mA)
Hard
75
12
Man
Normal
74
12
Woman
Child
PANO
Examination
Man
Green
(Optional)
Woman
Child
PANO
Examination
(Insight PAN)
(Optional)
SPECIAL
Examination
High
Resolution
N/A
73
12
74
12
Normal
73
12
Soft
72
12
Hard
68
10
Normal
67
10
Soft
66
10
Hard
75
14
Normal
74
14
Soft
73
14
Hard
74
14
Normal
73
14
Soft
72
14
Hard
68
12
Normal
67
12
Soft
66
12
Man &
Woman
Normal
70
7
Child
Normal
67
7
Hard
75
14
Man
Normal
74
14
Woman
Child
152
Soft
Hard
Soft
73
14
Hard
74
14
Normal
73
14
Soft
72
14
Hard
68
12
Normal
67
12
Soft
66
12
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
16. Appendices
Scan Time / Exposure Time
Arch
Type
Narrow
Normal
Wide
PANO
Examination
Child
Orthogonal
SPECIAL
Examination
-
Green (Optional)
Examination
Mode
Scan
Time
(s)
Exposure
Time
(s)
Scan
Time
(s)
Exposure
Time
(s)
Standard
14.1
13.5
7.0
7.0
Right
14.1
6.8
7.0
3.5
Front
14.1
11.3
7.0
5.8
Left
14.1
6.8
7.0
3.5
Standard
14.1
13.5
7.0
7.0
Right
14.1
6.8
7.0
3.5
Front
14.1
11.3
7.0
5.8
Left
14.1
6.8
7.0
3.5
Standard
14.1
13.5
7.0
7.0
Right
14.1
6.8
7.0
3.5
Front
14.1
11.3
7.0
5.8
Left
14.1
6.8
7.0
3.5
Standard
12.0
11.5
6.8
6.7
Right
12.0
5.7
6.8
3.3
Front
12.0
9.2
6.8
5.2
Left
12.0
5.7
6.8
3.3
Standard
14.1
13.5
7.0
7.0
Right
14.1
6.7
7.0
3.5
Front
14.1
11.1
7.0
5.7
Left
14.1
6.7
7.0
3.5
Bitewings
14.1
9.2
7.0
5.0
Bitewing
Incisor
(Optional)
14.1
2.8
7.0
1.4
Bitewing Right
14.1
5.0
7.0
2.8
Bitewing Left
14.1
5.0
7.0
2.8
TMJ LAT
Open
TMJ LAT
Close
14.1
6.7
14.1
6.7
Green 18 (Model:PHT-65LHS) User Manual
153
ENGLISH
Examination
Mode
High Resolution
16. Appendices
Examination
Mode
Arch
Type
Examination
Mode
TMJ PA Open
(Optional)
TMJ PA Close
(Optional)
Sinus LAT
(Optional)
Sinus PA
154
High Resolution
Green (Optional)
Scan
Time
(s)
Exposure
Time
(s)
Scan
Time
(s)
Exposure
Time
(s)
10.0
6.1
10.0
6.1
4.0
3.7
4.0
3.7
8.8
7.7
8.8
7.7
▪
Scan Time: The actual time that the equipment shoots the patient except for the initial
acceleration and late deceleration stages.
▪
Exposure Time: The actual time the patient is exposed to the X-ray emission.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
16. Appendices
16.1.2
CEPH Mode
Examination
Program
Image
Option
Gender /
Age
group
Man
High
Resolution
Woman
Child
Lateral
Man
Green
Woman
Child
Man
Full Lateral
(Optional)
High
Resolution
/ Green
Woman
Child
Green 18 (Model:PHT-65LHS) User Manual
X-ray
Intensity
Tube
Voltage
(kVp)
Tube
Current
(mA)
Hard
92
15.0
Normal
90
15.0
Soft
88
15.0
Hard
90
15.0
Normal
88
15.0
Soft
86
15.0
Hard
88
15.0
Normal
86
15.0
Soft
84
15.0
Hard
92
16.0
Normal
90
16.0
Soft
88
16.0
Hard
90
16.0
Normal
88
16.0
Soft
86
16.0
Hard
88
16.0
Normal
86
16.0
Soft
84
16.0
Hard
92
14.0
Normal
90
14.0
Soft
88
14.0
Hard
90
14.0
Normal
88
14.0
Soft
86
14.0
Hard
88
14.0
Normal
86
14.0
Soft
84
14.0
155
ENGLISH
Exposure Condition
16. Appendices
Examination
Program
Image
Option
Gender /
Age
group
Man
High
Resolution
Woman
Child
PA
SMV
Waters’ view
Man
Green
Woman
Child
Man
Carpus
High
Resolution
/ Green
Woman
Child
156
X-ray
Intensity
Tube
Voltage
(kVp)
Tube
Current
(mA)
Hard
92
14.0
Normal
90
14.0
Soft
88
14.0
Hard
90
14.0
Normal
88
14.0
Soft
86
14.0
Hard
88
14.0
Normal
86
14.0
Soft
84
14.0
Hard
92
15.0
Normal
90
15.0
Soft
88
15.0
Hard
90
15.0
Normal
88
15.0
Soft
86
15.0
Hard
88
15.0
Normal
86
15.0
Soft
84
15.0
Hard
90
6.0
Normal
88
6.0
Soft
86
6.0
Hard
88
6.0
Normal
86
6.0
Soft
84
6.0
Hard
86
6.0
Normal
84
6.0
Soft
82
6.0
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
16. Appendices
Scan Time / Exposure Time
High Resolution
Scan Time
Exposure Time
(s)
(s)
Scan Time
(s)
Green
Exposure Time
(s)
Lateral
3.9
3.9
1.9
1.9
Full Lateral
(Optional)
5.4
5.4
3.9
3.9
PA
4.9
4.9
2.4
2.4
SMV
4.9
4.9
2.4
2.4
Waters’ view
4.9
4.9
2.4
2.4
Carpus
4.9
4.9
2.4
2.4
▪
Scan Time: The actual time that the equipment shoots the patient except for the
initial acceleration and late deceleration stages.
▪
Exposure Time: The actual time the patient is exposed to the X-ray emission.
Green 18 (Model:PHT-65LHS) User Manual
157
ENGLISH
Examination
Program
16. Appendices
16.1.3
CBCT Mode
Exposure Area
Horizontal Position
FOV (cm)
Vertical
Position
Right
Center
Left
18x10
Occlusion
X
O
X
Occlusion
X
O
X
TMJ
O
X
O
Airway
X
O
X
Occlusion
O
O
O
TMJ
O
X
O
Maxilla / Mandible
Maxilla /
Mandible
First Exposure:
Mandible
Second Exposure:
Maxilla
O
O
O
13x10
8x9
8x5
5x5
Double scan
(Optional)
Right Molar / Right / Incisor / Left / Left Molar
X
Exposure Condition
FOV (cm)
Image Option
Gender /
Age
Group
Man
High
Resolution
18x10 &
13x10 &
Double scan
(Optional)
Woman
Child
Man
Green
Woman
158
X-ray
Intensity
Tube
Voltage
(kVp)
Tube
Current
(mA)
Hard
95
8.0
Normal
94
8.0
Soft
93
8.0
Hard
95
7.7
Normal
94
7.7
Soft
93
7.7
Hard
95
7.4
Normal
94
7.4
Soft
93
7.4
Hard
88
6.1
Normal
87
6.1
Soft
86
6.1
Hard
88
5.8
Normal
87
5.8
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
16. Appendices
Image Option
Gender /
Age
Group
Child
Man
High
Resolution
Woman
Child
8x9,
8x5,
5x5.
Man
Green
Woman
Child
Green 18 (Model:PHT-65LHS) User Manual
X-ray
Intensity
Tube
Voltage
(kVp)
Tube
Current
(mA)
Soft
86
5.8
Hard
88
5.5
Normal
87
5.5
Soft
86
5.5
Hard
95
8.0
Normal
94
8.0
Soft
93
8.0
Hard
95
7.7
Normal
94
7.7
Soft
93
7.7
Hard
95
7.4
Normal
94
7.4
Soft
93
7.4
Hard
88
6.1
Normal
87
6.1
Soft
86
6.1
Hard
88
5.8
Normal
87
5.8
Soft
86
5.8
Hard
88
5.5
Normal
87
5.5
Soft
86
5.5
159
ENGLISH
FOV (cm)
16. Appendices
Scan Time / Exposure Time
▪
▪
FOV (cm)
Scan Time (s)
(High Resolution / Green)
Exposure Time (s)
(High Resolution / Green)
Double scan
(Optional)
18.0
18.0
18x10
9.0
9.0
13x10
9.0
9.0
8x9
4.9
4.9
8x5
4.9
4.9
5x5
4.9
4.9
Scan Time: The actual time that the equipment shoots the patient except for the initial
acceleration and late deceleration stages.
Exposure Time: The actual time the patient is exposed to the X-ray emission.
Reconstruction Time / File Size (Measured Object: Skull)
FOV (cm)
Voxel Size (mm)
Double scan
(Optional)
18x10
13x10
8x9
8x5
5x5
▪
▪
160
Reconstruction Time (s)
File Size (MB)
Fast
HD
0.3
75
-
370
0.2
28
201
779
0.3
19
98
228
0.2
20
118
410
0.3
15
71
122
0.12
21
161
635
0.2
12
57
138
0.12
14
98
359
0.2
9
36
77
0.08
15
115
478
0.12
9
42
411
The above data is obtained from a computer system based on Intel E5-1607
[email protected] (16GB of RAM) and NVIDIA GeForce GTX1060 6GB.
Image reconstruction time varies depending on computer specifications and working
conditions.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
16. Appendices
16.1.4
3D MODEL Scan Mode
ENGLISH
Exposure Area
FOV (cm)
8x9
Horizontal Position
MODEL Type
Right
Center
Left
Upper (Maxilla)
X
O
X
Lower (Mandible)
X
O
X
X-ray Intensity
Tube Voltage
(kVp)
Tube Current
(mA)
Hard / Normal /
Soft
95
8.0
Exposure Condition
FOV (cm)
8x9
Gender / Age
Group
Man / Woman /
Child
Scan Time / Exposure Time
FOV (cm)
Scan Time (s)
Exposure Time (s)
8x9
9.0
9.0
▪
Scan Time: The actual time that the equipment shoots the plaster cast except for
the initial acceleration and late deceleration stages.
▪
Exposure Time: The actual time that the plaster cast is exposed to the X-ray
emission.
Reconstruction Time / File Size
FOV (cm)
Voxel Size (mm)
Reconstruction Time (s)
File Size (MB)
8x9
0.12
314
706
▪
The above data is obtained from a computer system based on Intel i7-6700 and
NVIDIA GeForce GTX1060 6GB.
▪
Image reconstruction time varies depending on computer specifications and
working conditions.
Green 18 (Model:PHT-65LHS) User Manual
161
16. Appendices
16.2
X-ray Dose Data
16.2.1
DAP (Dose Area Product)
The X-ray dose data is extracted from the X-ray Dose Test Report for Green 18 (PHT65LHS).
X-ray Dose Test Report for the Green 18 (PHT-65LHS) maintains dosimetric
evaluation that the VATECH dental diagnostic system meets all requirements specified
in the IEC Collateral Standard. To limit unnecessary exposure to the patient, operator,
or other staff, Green 18 (PHT-65LHS) is designed to comply with IEC 60601-1-3 Part
1 General Requirements for Safety.
Test Hardware
Brand Name
(Model)
Green 18 (PHT-65LHS)
Sensor Type
PANO & CBCT: Xmaru1515CF
CEPH: Xmaru2602CF
X-ray Generator
Tube
DG-07E22T2
D-052SB
DAP (Dose Area Product) is a quantity used in assessing the radiation risk from
diagnostic X-ray examination procedures. It is defined as the absorbed dose multiplied
by the area irradiated, expressed in gray square centimeters (mGy·cm2). Despite the
limitation, DAP is the best way to predict effective dose value and is currently the most
convenient method for patient dose monitoring.
162
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
16. Appendices
DAP (Dose Area Product) Calculation
ENGLISH
When you need more information on DAP measurement
procedures or test results for the equipment, please contact
VATECH service center or your local VATECH representative
and get assistance from VATECH-authorized technicians
Measurement Overview
Results
Mode
Exposure Condition
DAP
[mGy·cm2]
PANO Adult Man Normal (High Resolution)
74 kVp / 12.0 mA / 13.5 s
110
PANO Child Normal (High Resolution)
67 kVp / 10.0 mA / 11.5 s
55
PANO Adult Man Normal (Green)
74 kVp / 14.0 mA / 7.0 s
65
PANO Child Normal (Green)
67 kVp / 12.0 mA / 6.7 s
35
CEPH Adult Man LAT (High Resolution)
90 kVp / 15.0 mA / 3.9 s
41
CEPH Child LAT (High Resolution)
86 kVp / 10.0 mA / 3.9 s
38
CEPH Adult Man LAT (Green)
90 kVp / 16.0 mA / 1.9 s
25
CEPH Child LAT (Green)
86 kVp / 16.0 mA / 1.9 s
23
CBCT 18x10 Adult Man (High Resolution)
94 kVp / 8.0 mA / 9.0 s
1865
CBCT 18x10 Adult Man (Green)
87 kVp / 6.1 mA / 9.0 s
1187
CBCT 13x10 Adult Man (High Resolution)
94 kVp / 8.0 mA / 9.0 s
1434
CBCT 13x10 Adult Man (Green)
87 kVp / 6.1 mA / 9.0 s
913
CBCT 8x9 Adult Man (High Resolution)
94 kVp / 8.0 mA / 4.9 s
802
Green 18 (Model:PHT-65LHS) User Manual
163
16. Appendices
▪
164
Mode
Exposure Condition
DAP
[mGy·cm2]
CBCT 8x9 Adult Man (Green)
87 kVp / 6.1 mA / 4.9 s
510
CBCT 8x5 Maxilla/Mandible (High
Resolution)
94 kVp / 8.0 mA / 4.9 s
490
CBCT 8x5 Maxilla/Mandible (Green)
94 kVp / 8.0 mA / 4.9 s
307
CBCT 5x5 Maxilla Adult Man (High
Resolution)
94 kVp / 8.0 mA / 4.9 s
331
CBCT 5x5 Maxilla Adult Man (Green)
87 kVp / 6.1 mA / 4.9 s
211
CBCT 5x5 Mandible Adult Man (High
Resolution)
94 kVp / 8.0 mA / 4.9 s
331
CBCT 5x5 Mandible Adult Man (Green)
87 kVp / 6.1 mA / 4.9 s
211
CBCT Double Scan Adult Man (High
Resolution) (Optional)
94 kVp / 8.0 mA / 9.0 s
3730
CBCT Double Scan Adult Man (Green)
(Optional)
87 kVp / 6.1 mA / 9.0 s
2374
In Double Scan mode, exposure the FOV 18x10 twice, then stitch the acquired images
to provide one image.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
16. Appendices
16.2.2
Leakage Dose
Standard
National Deviation
Terminology
Permissive Range
International Standard
IEC 60601-1-3
Leakage
limits leakage at 1M from the source to
100 mR in 1hr
Measurement Overview
Test Condition
▪
Test mode
Tube
Voltage
(kVp)
Tube
Current
(mA)
Exposure
Time (s)
PANO Adult Man Normal
(High Resolution)
99
14.0
13.5
CEPH Adult Man LAT
(High Resolution)
99
14.0
3.9
CBCT18x10 Adult Man
(High Resolution)
99
12.0
9.0
In Double Scan mode, exposure the FOV 18x10 twice, then stitch the acquired images
to provide one image.
Green 18 (Model:PHT-65LHS) User Manual
165
ENGLISH
X-ray Leakage Dose Test is performed to protect patients against excessive and
unnecessary radiation that is not purposed, and this document evaluates the leakage
dose amount based on the following standard defined by IEC regulation. It has been
performed by covering each collimator region in use.
16. Appendices
Results
166
Direction [°]
PANO Adult Man
Normal (High
Resolution)
[mR/h]
CEPH Adult Man
LAT (High
Resolution)
[mR/h]
CBCT 18x10
Adult Man (High
Resolution)
[mR/h]
0
7.3
5.4
14.6
45
5.8
4.5
8.3
90
1.1
2.8
4.8
135
3.5
4.5
5.2
180
10.5
21.0
11.7
225
22.4
11.8
33.5
270
6.8
18.5
7.4
315
24.5
5.5
48.7
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
16. Appendices
16.2.3
Scattered Dose
Measurement Overview
Test Condition
▪
Test mode
Tube
Voltage
(kVp)
Tube
Current
(mA)
Exposure
Time (s)
PANO Adult Man Normal (High Resolution)
90
14.0
13.5
CBCT 18x10 Adult Man (High Resolution)
99
12.0
9.0
CEPH Adult Man LAT (High Resolution)
99
14.0
5.4
In Double Scan mode, exposure the FOV 18x10 twice, then stitch the acquired images
to provide one image.
Green 18 (Model:PHT-65LHS) User Manual
167
ENGLISH
X-ray Scattered Dose data concerning different angles and distances are examined for
recommendations about appropriate radiation level insignificant zones of occupancy,
and the effectiveness of protective shielding facility around the patient’s position. This
information states the identity and intended position of the tested phantom and
scattered dosimetric evaluation under the defined scope and test circumstances to
ensure the magnitude of risks to the operator and staff during both accident situations
and routine work.
16. Appendices
Results
◼
168
(PANO / Adult, Man / Normal / High Resolution)
Direction [°]
1 m [mR]
1.5 m [mR]
2 m [mR]
0
0.079
0.049
0.021
45
0.039
0.025
0.016
90
0.079
0.050
0.020
135
0.050
0.032
0.013
180
0.162
0.085
0.034
225
0.175
0.082
0.035
270
0.272
0.077
0.031
315
0.224
0.066
0.030
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
16. Appendices
◼
CBCT / 18x10 / Adult, Man / High Resolution
1 m [mR]
1.5 m [mR]
2 m [mR]
0
1.727
0.971
0.482
45
1.817
0.952
0.499
90
0.656
0.170
0.044
135
2.392
1.121
0.525
180
2.541
1.104
0.480
225
2.399
1.095
0.500
270
2.415
1.185
0.581
315
1.874
0.936
0.467
Green 18 (Model:PHT-65LHS) User Manual
ENGLISH
Direction [°]
169
16. Appendices
◼
▪
170
CEPH / Full Lateral / Adult, Man / High Resolution
Direction [°]
1 m [mR]
1.5 m [mR]
2 m [mR]
0
0.031
0.021
0.012
45
0.013
0.009
0.003
90
0.011
0.007
0.004
135
0.033
0.006
0.004
180
0.025
0.013
0.004
225
0.045
0.034
0.019
270
-
-
0.022
315
0.073
0.048
0.025
Data of 1 m and 1.5 m at 270 ° are not measured since the Ion chamber is
located between the generator and the object.
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
16. Appendices
16.3
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Information
ENGLISH
Guidance and manufacturer’s declaration - electromagnetic emissions
The PHT-65LHS is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified
below. The customer or the user of the PHT-65LHS should assure that it is used in
such an environment.
Immunity test
Compliance
Electromagnetic
environment
- Guidance
RF emissions CISPR 11
Group 1
The PHT-65LHS uses RF
energy only for its internal
function. Therefore, its RF
emissions are very low and
are not likely to cause any
interference in nearby
electronic equipment.
RF emissions CISPR 11
Class A
Harmonic emissions IEC
61000-3-2
Class A
Voltage fluctuations / flicker
emissions IEC 61000-3-3
Complies
The PHT-65LHS is suitable
for use in all establishments
other than domestic and may
be used in domestic
establishments and those
directly connected to the
public low-voltage power
supply network that supplies
buildings used for domestic
purposes, provided the
following warning is heeded:
Warning: This
equipment/system is intended
for healthcare professionals
only. This equipment/ system
may cause radio interference
or may disrupt the operation
of nearby equipment. It may
be necessary to take
mitigation measures, such as
re-orienting or relocating the
PHT-65LHS or shielding the
location.
NOTE) the actual RF shielding effectiveness and filter attenuation of the shielded
location must be verified to ensure they meet or exceed the specified minimum
values.
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16. Appendices
Guidance and manufacturer’s declaration - electromagnetic immunity
The PHT-65LHS is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified
below. The customer or the user of the PHT-65LHS should assure that it is used in
such an environment.
Immunity
test
IEC 60601-1-2
Test level
Compliance level
Electromagnetic
environment Guidance
Electrostatic
discharge
(ESD) IEC
61000-4-2
± 8 kV Contact
± 8 kV Contact
± 2 kV, ± 4 kV,
± 8 kV, ±15 kV air
± 2 kV, ± 4 kV,
± 8 kV, ±15 kV air
Floors should be wood,
concrete, or ceramic
tile. If floors are
covered with synthetic
material, the relative
humidity should be at
least 30%.
Electrical fast
transient/burst
IEC 61000-44
±2 kV for power
supply lines
±1 kV for
input/output lines
±2 kV for power
supply lines
±1 kV for
input/output lines
The main power quality
should be a typical
commercial or hospital
environment.
Surge IEC
61000-4-5
±1 kV line(s) to
line(s)
±2 kV line(s) to
earth
±1 kV line(s) to
line(s)
±2 kV line(s) to
earth
The main power quality
should be a typical
commercial or hospital
environment.
Voltage dips,
short
interruptions
and voltage
variations on
power supply
input lines
IEC 61000-411
0 % UT: 0.5 cycle
At 0°, 45°, 90°,
135°, 180°, 225°,
270° and 315°
0 % UT: 1 cycle
and 70 % UT:
25/30 cycles
Single-phase: at 0º
0 % UT: 0.5 cycle
At 0°, 45°, 90°,
135°, 180°, 225°,
270° and 315°
0 % UT: 1 cycle
and 70 % UT:
25/30 cycles
Single-phase: at
0º
The main power quality
should be a typical
commercial or hospital
environment. If the user
of the PHT-65LHS
image intensifier
requires continued
operation during main
power interruptions, it
is recommended that
the PHT-65LHS image
intensifier be powered
from an uninterruptible
power supply or a
battery.
Power
frequency
(50/60 Hz)
magnetic field
IEC 61000-48
30 A/m
50 Hz/60 Hz
30 A/m
50 Hz/60 Hz
Power frequency
magnetic fields should
be at levels
characteristic of a
typical location in a
typical commercial or
hospital environment.
NOTE Uт is the a.c. Mains voltage before application of the test level.
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16. Appendices
Guidance and manufacturer’s declaration - electromagnetic immunity
ENGLISH
The PHT-65LHS is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified
below. The customer or the user of the PHT-65LHS should assure that it is used in
such an environment.
Immunity test
IEC 606011-2
Test level
Compliance
level
Electromagnetic environment Guidance
Conducted RF
IEC 61000-4-6
3 Vrms
150 kHz to
80MHz
V1=3Vrms
Radiated RF
IEC 61000-4-3
3 V/m
80 MHz to
2.7 GHz
E1=3V/m
Portable and mobile RF
communications equipment
should be used no closer to any
part of the PHT-65LHS, including
cables, than the recommended
separation distance calculated
from the equation applicable to
the transmitter's frequency.
Recommended separation
distance:
Where P is the maximum output
power rating of the transmitter in
watts(W) according to the
transmitter manufacturer, and d is
the recommended separation
distance in meters(m).
As determined by an
electromagnetic site survey, field
strengths from fixed RF
transmitters should be less than
the compliance level in each
frequency range. b
Interference may occur in the
vicinity of the equipment marked
with the following symbol:
NOTE 1) At 80MHz and 800MHz, the higher frequency range applies.
NOTE 2) These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic
propagation is affected by absorption and reflection from structures, objects, and
people.
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16. Appendices
The PHT-65LHS is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified
below. The customer or the user of the PHT-65LHS should assure that it is used in
such an environment.
An electromagnetic site survey should be considered to assess the electromagnetic
environment due to fixed RF transmitters. Field strengths from fixed transmitters,
such as base stations for radio (cellular/cordless) telephones and land mobile
radios, amateur radio, AM and FM radio broadcasts, and TV broadcasts, cannot be
predicted theoretically with accuracy. If the measured field strength in the location
where the PHT-65LHS is used exceeds the applicable RF compliance level above,
the PHT-65LHS should be observed to verify normal operation. If abnormal
performance is observed, additional measures may be necessary, such as reorienting or relocating the PHT-65LHS.
b Over the frequency range 150kHz to 80MHz, field strengths should be less than
[V1] V/m.
Recommended separation distances between portable and mobile RF
communications equipment and the PHT-65LHS
This is used in an electromagnetic environment where radiated RF disturbances are
controlled. The customer or the user of the PHT-65LHS can help Prevent
electromagnetic interference by maintaining a minimum distance between portable
and mobile RF communications equipment (transmitters) and the PHT-65LHS as
recommended below, according to the maximum output power of the
communications equipment.
Separation distance according to the frequency of transmitter [m]
IEC 60601-1-2
Frequency of
Transmitter
150kHz to 80MHz
80MHz to 800MHz
800MHz to 2.7GHz
V1=3Vrms
E1=3V/m
E1=3V/m
Separation
Distance (meters)
Separation
Distance (meters)
Separation
Distance (meters)
0.01
0.116
0.1166
0.2333
0.1
0.368
0.3687
0.7378
1
1.166
1.1660
2.3333
10
3.687
3.6872
7.3785
100
11.660
11.6600
23.333
Equation
The rated
maximum output
power of the
transmitter
[W]
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16. Appendices
ENGLISH
This is used in an electromagnetic environment where radiated RF disturbances are
controlled. The customer or the user of the PHT-65LHS can help Prevent
electromagnetic interference by maintaining a minimum distance between portable
and mobile RF communications equipment (transmitters) and the PHT-65LHS as
recommended below, according to the maximum output power of the
communications equipment.
For transmitters rated at a maximum output power not listed above, the
recommended separation distance d in meters (m) can be estimated using the
equation applicable to the frequency of the transmitter, where p is the maximum
output power rating of the transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter
manufacturer.
NOTE 1) At 80MHz and 800MHz, the separation distance for the higher frequency
range applies.
NOTE 2) These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic
propagation is affected by absorption and reflection from structures, objects, and
people.
a. Field strength from fixed transmitters, such as base stations for radio
(cellular/cordless) telephones and land mobile radios, amateur radio, AM and FM
radio broadcasts, and TV broadcasts cannot be predicted theoretically with
accuracy. An electromagnetic site survey should be considered to assess the
electromagnetic environment due to fixed RF transmitters. If the measured field
strength in the location where the PHT-65LHS is used exceeds the applicable RF
compliance level above, the PHT-65LHS should be observed to verify normal
operation. If abnormal performance is observed, additional measures may be
necessary, such as re-orienting or relocating the PHT-65LHS
b. Over the frequency range 150kHz to 80MHz, field strengths should be less than
[V1] V/m.
Immunity and Compliance Level
Immunity test
IEC 60601-1-2
Test level
Actual Immunity
Level
Compliance
Level
Conducted RF
IEC 61000-4-6
3Vrms
150kHz to 80MHz
3Vrms
3Vrms
Radiated RF
IEC 61000-4-3
3Vrms
80MHz to 2.7GHz
3V/m
3V/m
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16. Appendices
16.4
Hand-wrist Image Evaluation References
Radiographic Evaluation of Skeletal Maturation. A clinically oriented method
based on hand-wrist films.
Fishman LS. 1982
The system of Skeletal Maturation Assessment (SMA)
The System uses only four stages of bone maturation. All were found at six anatomical
sites located on the thumb, third finger, fifth finger, and radius, as seen in Fig.1. Eleven
discrete adolescent skeletal maturational indicators (SMI’s), covering the entire period
of adolescent development, are found on these six sites (See Fig.1).
[Fig1. The site of skeletal maturity indicators]
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16. Appendices
Skeletal Maturity Indicators (SMI)
[Fig2. Radiographic identification of skeletal maturity indicators]
A. The width of the epiphysis as wide as the diaphysis
1. Third finger – a Proximal phalanx
2. Third finger – a middle phalanx
3. Fifth finger – a middle phalanx
B. Ossification
1. Adductor sesamoid of thumb
C. Capping of epiphysis
1. Third finger – a distal phalanx
2. Third finger – a middle phalanx
3. Fifth finger – a middle phalanx
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ENGLISH
A system of skeletal maturation assessment based on four stages of bone maturation
at six anatomical sites in the hand wrist.
16. Appendices
D. Fusion
1. Third finger – a distal phalanx
2. Third finger – a proximal phalanx
3. Third finger – a middle phalanx
4. Radius
Eleven Skeletal maturity indicators (SMIs)
The System uses only four stages of bone maturation. All were found at six anatomical
sites located on the thumb, third finger, fifth finger, and radius, as seen in Fig.1. Eleven
discrete adolescent skeletal maturational indicators (SMI’s), covering the entire period
of adolescent development, are found on these six sites (See Fig 1.).
[Fig3. Eleven Skeletal maturity indicators (SMIs)]
A systematic observational scheme, such as that shown in the figure above, can
further facilitate SMI evaluation. With this approach, key stages are checked first,
rather than looking for maturity indicators in numerical order. A useful step is to
determine if the adductor sesamoid of the thumb can be seen (orange circle). If not,
then the applicable SMI will be one of those associated with early epiphyseal widening
rather than capping. If the sesamoid is visible, then either the sesamoid or an SMI
based on capping or fusion will be applicable.
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16. Appendices
ENGLISH
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16. Appendices
16.5
Acquiring Images for Pediatric Dental Patients
16.5.1
Age Group: Classification Table
Ages are classified loosely into the following correspondence between the FDA
definition and the one used in this manual.
16.5.2
180
Age Group
FDA’s standard
VATECH’s Standard
Infant
1 month to 2 years
N/A
Child
2 ~ 12 years of age
Child
Adolescent
12 ~16 years of age
Other
16 ~ 21 years of age
Adult
> 21 years of age
Adult
Positioning the Pediatric Dental Patients
1.
Use a laser light beam guide to locate the midsagittal plane. The direct
patient focuses on mirroring reflection. Affix decal to mirror to aid the patient
in maintaining the correct position throughout the exposure.
2.
Move the Chinrest into a position that is slightly higher than the patient’s chin
height before requesting that the weak place chins onto the rest. Direct the
patient to assume a position that resembles the erect stance of a soldier.
3.
Direct the patient to stick out the chest while dropping the chin down. While
holding the unit handles for stability, direct the patient to take a half step
toward the vertical column of the X-ray device into a position that feels as if
he/she is slightly leaning backward.
4.
Direct the patient to stick out the chest while dropping the chin down. While
holding the unit handles for stability, direct the patient to take a half step
toward the vertical column of the X-ray device into a position that feels as if
he/she is slightly leaning backward.
5.
Direct the patient to close lips around the Bite Block during the exposure.
6.
Direct the patient to swallow and note the flat position of the tongue.
Request that the patient sucks in the cheeks, pushing the tongue into the
correct flat position against the palate, and maintain this position throughout
the exposure.
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16. Appendices
<How to produce error-free radiographic images for the pediatric patient>
ENGLISH
(http://www.dimensionsofdentalhygiene.com/print.aspx?id=3612)
- By Evelyn M. Thomson, BSDH, MS
Panoramic radiographs are often recommended for assessing the growth and
development of the pediatric patient and for evaluation of developing third molars
during adolescence.1-3 While the panoramic technique seems relatively
straightforward, producing a diagnostic quality image of the pediatric patient requires a
mastery of technical skills.4 Modern panoramic x-ray equipment is designed for ease of
use, yet studies continue to demonstrate a high incidence of errors.5-7 Positioning
errors may occur at an even higher rate in pediatric panoramic radiographs.7 The goal
of the dental hygienist is to maximize the use of panoramic imagery in the assessment
of the pediatric patient while minimizing the occurrence of retakes that result from the
radiographic error.
Producing A Quality Panoramic Image
A quality panoramic radiograph should image all of the teeth, erupted and unerupted,
in both the maxillary and mandibular arches from condyle to condyle in the horizontal
dimension, and from the superior third of the orbit in the superior region to the inferior
border of the mandible in the inferior region.8,9 The arches should appear straight or
slightly U-shaped with the occlusal plane parallel to the horizontal edges of the film
(Figure 1). The anterior teeth must not be magnified or diminished in size, and
overlapping of adjacent posterior teeth should be kept to a minimum.
The most critical component in producing a diagnostically acceptable panoramic
image is patient positioning. All panoramic x-ray machines have guidelines to assist
with positioning the dental arches within the three dimensions of the focal trough, an
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181
16. Appendices
area where the anatomical structures will be imaged in relative clarity. Most panoramic
x-ray machines have a bite block to indicate the correct anterior-posterior position, or
how far forward or back the patient should be positioned, side positioner guides for
determining the correct lateral alignment, and chin rest to correctly locate the superiorinferior dimension or how far up or down the chin should be positioned.4,10 Panoramic
x-ray machines are available with a mirror and laser light beam guide that shoots on
the patient's face to illustrate various anatomical planes (Figure 2). Incorrectly
positioning the patient in any of these three dimensions will produce unique and
distinct radiographic image errors (Table 1).
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16. Appendices
Anterior-Posterior Positioning Error
or ghosting of the anterior anatomy occurs. Unerupted teeth in the anterior region may
not be imaged on the radiograph if positioned outside of the focal trough. It is
important to note that an error of only 3 mm to 4 mm in either direction will result in a
significantly compromised image.11 When the arches are positioned too far anterior,
the anterior teeth will appear narrow and diminished in size. The vertebrae of the
spinal column may be superimposed over the condyles at the edges of the film and,
depending on the size of the child, may be superimposed over the rami of the
mandible, blocking a clear view of the posterior teeth (Figure 3). When the arches are
positioned too far posteriorly, the anterior teeth will appear broad or widened. If the
position is excessively posterior, anterior teeth may be blurred entirely from the image,
and the condyles may be cut off from the edges of the film.
To avoid these imaging errors, the anterior teeth must occlude edge-to-edge onto the
designated area of the bite block. Achieving this position is easily compromised during
exfoliation of primary teeth, making precise occlusion difficult when one tooth or
multiple teeth are missing or partially erupted. A cotton roll may be attached to the bite
block to fill in the space created by the missing tooth or teeth. Additionally, an
adjustment may be necessary when using a laser light beam guide. The
manufacturer's instructions for directing the laser light beam at a predetermined tooth
or interproximal space usually apply to adult patients. These instructions may need to
be modified for the pediatric patient with primary or mixed dentition.
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ENGLISH
When the arches are positioned incorrectly in the anterior-posterior direction, distortion
16. Appendices
Lateral Left-Right Positioning Error
When the arches are positioned incorrectly in the lateral left-right dimension, the
posterior teeth on one side will appear broad or widened, while the teeth on the other
side will appear narrowed or diminished in width and severely overlapped (Figure 4).
This image distortion is like that which occurs with an incorrect anterior-posterior
position. When the arches are rotated or tilted, the posterior teeth on one side move
out of the focal trough to a position further away (back) from the image receptor, while
the opposite side simultaneously moves closer (forward) to the image receptor.
Depending on the severity of rotation or tilting, the inferior border of the mandible will
appear distorted, and the condyles and rami will appear asymmetrical.
To avoid imaging errors that result from incorrect lateral positioning, the midsagittal
plane must be positioned perpendicular to the floor. Most panoramic x-ray machines
have a head positioner and laser light beam guide, along with a mirror, to assist in
determining the correct lateral head position. The pediatric patient may need additional
instructions to maintain the correct position throughout the exposure.
The movement of the tube head during exposure may pique the pediatric patient's
curiosity, causing the head to rotate as the eyes follow the movement of the tube
head. A vertical line decal affixed to the mirror can serve as a visual aid and a focus
point. An eye-catching sticker, such as those purchased from a craft store, can be
adhered to the mirror in a position that aligns with the midsagittal plane. The patient
can be directed to position the head so that the sticker appears at the tip of the nose
and to maintain focus on this reflection throughout the exposure. Pediatric patients
may find looking at themselves in the mirror entertaining and a fun way to participate
in the process.9
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16. Appendices
Superior-Inferior (Up-Down) Positioning Error
focal trough can be challenging to achieve, especially with children whose smaller size
reduces the distance between the shoulders and the inferior border of the chin. When
the arches are positioned incorrectly in the superior-inferior direction, the image
exhibits multiple distortions, including increased overlap in the premolar regions. When
the arches are positioned too far up or down, the teeth will simultaneously move into a
position that is too far back or too far forward, respectively, out of the focal trough.11
Positioning the arches too far superiorly produces a characteristic "frown" or flat,
downward-turned appearance to the occlusal plane (Figure 5). The condyles flare out
and off the edges of the image, and the palate appears as a widened, thick, dense
radiopacity. This positioning error results in a widened appearance of the palate and
obliterates the apical regions of the maxillary teeth, compromising the images of the
unerupted developing dentition. As the maxillary arch tips upward, the anterior teeth tilt
backward, producing the same widened appearance that results from an incorrect
anterior-posterior position. Positioning the arches too far inferior produces a
characteristic "smile" appearance or the upward curve of the occlusal plane, with the
condyles tilting inward toward the center of the image (Figure 6). Depending on the
severity of the downward position, the vertebrae may also curve inward and appear
superimposed over the condyles, and the hyoid bone may be superimposed over the
mandible blocking a clear view of the erupted and unerupted mandibular teeth.
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ENGLISH
Positioning the dental arches within the superior-inferior (up-down) dimension of the
16. Appendices
Correct positioning of the arches in the superior-inferior dimension requires that the
patient stands with erect posture while tucking the chin in and down slightly, a direction
that both adults and pediatric patients often find difficult to follow without specific
guidance. The result is often a slumped position with the patient hunching the neck
and shoulders over to place the chin on the chin rest. The vertebrae collapse causing
attenuation of the x-ray beam that produces a triangular radiopacity superimposed
over the mandible, and if severe, over the anterior maxillary regions as well.
Depending on the manufacturer, panoramic x-ray machines direct the operator to
position the Frankfort or the canthomeatal plane parallel to the floor, or the ala-tragus
line 5° down toward the floor. This is achieved by raising or lowering the chin rest so
that the appropriate landmark lines up with indicators on the machine (Figure 2). The
patient should be directed to stand in front of the panoramic x-ray machine allowing
the operator to place the chin rest in a position that is slightly higher than the patient's
chin. The patient is then requested to move into the overhead assembly of the
machine and remain standing tall. If further adjustment is needed, it is usually to a
lowered chin position. Once the patient's chin is resting on the chin rest, it is easier to
move to a lower position than to a higher one. To assist with placing the chin on the
chin rest while maintaining an erect posture, the pediatric patient can be directed to
stand like a soldier. Most children are familiar with the straight back, chest forward
tucked chin position demonstrated by military persons, and can readily mimic this
stance.
Further Recommendations
Before beginning the exposure, the patient should be directed to close the lips around
the bite block and to place the tongue against the palate. Leaving the lips open will
create a soft tissue shadow across the teeth that that can be mistaken for caries.7
Leaving the tongue at rest during the exposure allows the radiation to easily penetrate
the space of the oral cavity between the dorsal surface of the tongue and the palate,
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16. Appendices
producing a radiolucent shadow that diminishes the diagnostic quality of the
"Filling in" this space with the soft tissue of the tongue can increase the quality of the
image by diminishing this radiolucent shadow. When directed to place the tongue on
the roof of the mouth, the pediatric patient is likely to press only the tip of the tongue
against the palate. While an adult patient can usually understand what is required
when directed to swallow and note the position of the tongue, a child may be directed
to suck in the cheeks, which results in pushing the tongue into a position flat against
the palate.7
Conclusion
In addition to these guidelines for producing error-free radiographic images for
pediatric patients, panoramic machines should be evaluated periodically for accuracy.
Changes may occur over time to the focal trough that interferes with the diagnostic
quality of the machine.6 If a decrease in image quality is noted despite following
accurate patient positioning steps, the panoramic x-ray machine should be inspected,
and the focal trough recalibrated. The dental hygienist who is skilled in understanding
general equipment operation and pediatric patient management is more likely to
produce radiographic images that result in higher diagnostic yields.
References
1. Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, American Dental Association Council on
Dental Benefits Program, Council on Dental Practice, Council on Scientific Affairs. The Selection
of Patients for Dental Radiographic Examinations. Washington, DC: United States Department of
Health and Human Services; 1987 (revised 2005):1-23.
2. Pinkham PS, Casamassimo, Fields HW, McTigue DJ, Nowak AJ. Pediatric Dentistry Infancy
Through Adolescence. 4th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2005:677.
3. Thomson EM. Panoramic radiographs and the pediatric patient. Dimensions of Dental
Hygiene. 2008;6(2):26-29.
4. Rushton VE, Rout J. Panoramic Radiology. London: Quintessence Publishing Co Ltd; 2006:17,
84-85.
5. Kullman L, Joseph B. Quality of digital panoramic radiography in a newly established dental
school. Swedish Dent Journal. 2006; 30: 165-170.
6. Akarslan ZZ, Erten H, Güngör K, et al. Common errors on panoramic radiographs taken in a
dental school. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2003; 4:24-34.
7. Rushton VE, Horner K, Worthington HV. The quality of panoramic radiographs in a sample of
general dental practices. Br Dent J. 1999; 26: 630-633.
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ENGLISH
radiograph (Figure 3).
16. Appendices
8. White SC, Heslop EW, Hollender LG, Mosier KM, Ruprecht A, Shrout MK. Parameters of
radiologic care: an official report of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 2001; 91:498-511.
9. McDonald RE, Avery DR, Dean JA. Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. 8th ed. St. Louis:
Elsevier Mosby; 2000:71-72.
10. Johnson ON, Thomson EM. Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and
Hygienists. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall 2007:388-397.
11. Serman N, Horrell BM, Singer, S. High-quality panoramic radiographs. Tips and tricks.
Dentistry Today. 2003;22(1):70-73.
Setting Exposure Values to the Age Group
16.5.3
For more information about this topic, refer to the Appendices 16.1 Recommended XRay Exposure Table.
The References Pertinent to the Potential Risks for the Pediatric
Patients
16.5.4
1) Literature
▪
I. ESPELID, I. MEJÀRE, K. WEERHEIJM:
EAPD guidelines for the use of radiographs in children, P40-48. European
Journal of Pediatric Dentistry 1/2003 Guidelines in dental radiology are designed
to avoid unnecessary exposure to X-radiation and to identify individuals who may
benefit from a radiographic examination. Every prescription of radiographs should
be based on an evaluation of the individual patient's benefit. Due to the relatively
high frequency of caries among 5-year-old children, it is recommended to
consider dental radiography for each child even without any visible caries or
restorations. Furthermore, radiography should be considered at 8-9 years of age
and then at 12-14, which is 1-2 years after the eruption of premolars and second
molars. Additional bitewing controls should be based on an overall assessment of
the caries activity/risk. The high-risk patient should be examined radiographically
annually, while a 2-3 year interval should be considered when caries activity/risk
is low. A routine survey by radiographs, except for caries, has not been shown to
provide enough information to be justified considering the balance between cost
(radiation and resources) and benefit.
▪
188
MICHAEL L. TAYLOR, B.SC. TOMAS KRON, PH.D., AND RICK D. FRANICH,
PH.D.:
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16. Appendices
ASSESSMENT OF OUT-OF-FIELD DOSES IN RADIOTHERAPY OF BRAIN
1–7, 2010 To characterize the out-of-field doses in pediatric radiotherapy and to
identify simple methods by which out-of-field dose might be minimized, to reduce
the risk of secondary cancers Out-of-field doses to pediatric patients can be
minimized by using simple treatment
▪
C. THEODORAKOU, K. HORNER, K. HOWARD, A. WALKER:
Pediatric organ and effective doses in dental cone beam computed tomography
Dental CBCT has been associated with higher radiation risk to the patients
compared to conventional dental X-ray imaging. Several studies have
investigated the radiation doses involved in dental CBCT for adults, but none has
investigated pediatric doses. This study estimates the organ and effective doses
to two pediatric tissue-equivalent phantoms using thermoluminescent dosimeters
for three dental CBCT units and six imaging protocols. The doses to the thyroid,
salivary glands and brain ranged from 0.068mSv to 1.131mSv, 0.708mSv to
2.009mSv and 0.031mSv to 1.584mSv respectively. The skin and red bone
marrow have received much lower doses than the other three organs. The
effective doses ranged from 0.022 mSv to 0.081 mSv. The effective doses
calculated in this study were much higher than these of panoramic X-ray imaging
but lower than conventional CT
▪
CHIYO YAMAUCHI-KAWAURA & KEISUKE FUJII & TAKAHIKO AOYAMA &
SHUJI KOYAMA & MASATO YAMAUCHI:
Radiation dose evaluation in the head and neck MDCT examinations with a 6year-old child anthropomorphic phantom, Pediatr Radiol (2010) 40:1206–1214
DOI 10.1007/s00247-009-1495-z
Background: CT examinations of the head and neck are the most commonly
performed CT studies in children, raising concerns about radiation dose and their
risks to children.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify radiation dose levels for
children 6 years of age undergoing head and neck multi-detector CT (MDCT)
examinations.
Materials and methods: Radiation doses were measured with small-sized silicon
photodiode dosimeters that were implanted at various tissue and organ positions
within a standard 6-year-old anthropomorphic phantom. Organ and effective
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16. Appendices
doses of brain CT were evaluated for 19 protocols in nine hospitals on various (2–
320 detector rows) MDCT scanners.
Results: The maximum value of the mean organ dose in brain CT was 34.3 mGy
for the brain. Maximum values of mean doses for the radiosensitive lens and
thyroid were 32.7 mGy for a lens in brain CT and 17.2 mGy for thyroid in neck CT.
The seventy-fifth percentile of effective dose distribution in brain CT was
approximately the same as the diagnostic reference level (DRL) in the 2003 UK
survey.
2) Website
For additional information on pediatric X-ray imaging, please refer to the websites
below.
190
▪
http://www.fda.gov/radiationemittingproducts/radiationemittingproductsandprocedures/medicalimaging/ucm29
8899.htm
▪
http://www.imagegently.org/
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
16. Appendices
16.6
Abbreviations
Alternating Current
CAN
Controlled Area Network
CBCT
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
CMOS
Complementary Metal-Oxide -Semiconductor
CT
Computed Tomography
DAP
Dose Area Product
DC
Direct Current
DICOM
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility
ENT
Ear, Nose, and Throat
ESD
Electrostatic Discharge
FDD
Focal spot to Detector Distance
FOD
Focal spot to Object Distance
FOV
Field of View
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
ISO
International Standards Organization
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display
LED
Light-Emitting Diode
MPSO
Multiple Portable Socket-Outlet
ODD
Object to Detector Distance
PA
Posterior / Anterior
RF
Radio Frequency
ROI
Region of Interest
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16. Appendices
192
SID
Source to Image Receptor Distance
SIP
Signal Input Part
SOP
Signal Output Part
SMV
Submento-Vertical
STL
Stereo Lithography
TMJ
Temporomandibular Joint
Green 18 (Model: PHT-65LHS) User Manual
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