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20 Emissivity tables
This section presents a compilation of emissivity data from the infrared literature and measurements made by FLIR Systems.
20.1
References
1. Mikaél A. Bramson: Infrared Radiation, A Handbook for Applications, Plenum press,
N.Y.
2. William L. Wolfe, George J. Zissis: The Infrared Handbook, Office of Naval Research,
Department of Navy, Washington, D.C.
3. Madding, R. P.: Thermographic Instruments and systems. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin – Extension, Department of Engineering and Applied Science.
4. William L. Wolfe: Handbook of Military Infrared Technology, Office of Naval Research,
Department of Navy, Washington, D.C.
5. Jones, Smith, Probert: External thermography of buildings..., Proc. of the Society of
Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, vol.110, Industrial and Civil Applications of
Infrared Technology, June 1977 London.
6. Paljak, Pettersson: Thermography of Buildings, Swedish Building Research Institute,
Stockholm 1972.
7. Vlcek, J: Determination of emissivity with imaging radiometers and some emissivities
at λ = 5 µm. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.
8. Kern: Evaluation of infrared emission of clouds and ground as measured by weather
satellites, Defence Documentation Center, AD 617 417.
9. Öhman, Claes: Emittansmätningar med AGEMA E-Box. Teknisk rapport, AGEMA
1999. (Emittance measurements using AGEMA E-Box. Technical report, AGEMA
1999.)
10. Matteï, S., Tang-Kwor, E: Emissivity measurements for Nextel Velvet coating 811-21
between –36°C AND 82°C.
11. Lohrengel & Todtenhaupt (1996)
12. ITC Technical publication 32.
13. ITC Technical publication 29.
NOTE
The emissivity values in the table below are recorded using a shortwave (SW) camera. The values should be regarded as recommendations only and used with caution.
20.2
Tables
Table 20.1
T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;
3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference
1
3M type 35
3M type 88
3M type 88
3M type Super 33
+
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
2
Vinyl electrical tape (several colors)
Black vinyl electrical tape
Black vinyl electrical tape
Black vinyl electrical tape anodized sheet anodized, black, dull anodized, black, dull anodized, light gray, dull
3
< 80
< 105
< 105
< 80
100
70
70
70
4
LW
LW
MW
LW
T
SW
LW
SW
5
≈ 0.96
≈ 0.96
< 0.96
≈ 0.96
0.55
0.67
0.95
0.61
2
9
6
13
13
13
13
9
9
#T559828; r. AD/23843/24541; en-US 71
20 Emissivity tables
Table 20.1
T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;
3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)
1
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum
Aluminum bronze
Aluminum hydroxide
Aluminum oxide
Aluminum oxide
Asbestos
Asbestos
Asbestos
Asbestos
Asbestos
Asbestos
Asphalt paving
Brass
Brass
Brass
Brass
Brass
2
anodized, light gray, dull
3
70 as received, plate 100 as received, sheet cast, blast cleaned cast, blast cleaned dipped in HNO
3
, plate
100
70
70
100 foil foil
27
27 oxidized, strongly 50–500 polished polished plate polished, sheet
50–100
100
100
20–50 rough surface roughened roughened sheet, 4 samples differently scratched sheet, 4 samples differently scratched vacuum deposited weathered, heavily
27
27
70
70
20
17 powder
20 activated, powder pure, powder
(alumina) board fabric floor tile paper
20
35
40–400 powder slate 20
4 dull, tarnished oxidized oxidized
20–350
100
70 oxidized 70 oxidized at 600°C 200–600
4
LW
T
T
SW
LW
T
10 µm
3 µm
T
T
T
T
T
10 µm
3 µm
SW
LW
T
SW
T
T
T
T
T
T
SW
T
T
T
LLW
T
T
SW
LW
T
5
0.97
0.09
0.09
0.47
0.46
0.05
0.04
0.09
0.2–0.3
0.04–0.06
0.05
0.05
0.06–0.07
0.18
0.28
0.05–0.08
0.03–0.06
0.04
0.83–0.94
0.60
0.28
0.46
0.16
0.96
0.78
0.94
0.93–0.95
0.40–0.60
0.96
0.967
0.22
0.61
0.04–0.09
0.03–0.07
0.59–0.61
6
9
4
2
9
9
4
1
1
8
7
1
1
1
1
2
9
9
1
2
1
1
4
3
3
1
3
3
9
9
2
5
1
1
1
1
#T559828; r. AD/23843/24541; en-US 72
20 Emissivity tables
Table 20.1
T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;
3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)
1
Brass
Brass
Brass
Brass
Brass
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Brick
Bronze
Bronze
Bronze
Bronze
Bronze
Carbon
Carbon
Carbon
Carbon
Carbon
2
polished polished, highly rubbed with 80grit emery sheet, rolled sheet, worked with emery alumina common
Dinas silica, glazed, rough
Dinas silica, refractory
Dinas silica, unglazed, rough firebrick fireclay fireclay fireclay masonry masonry, plastered red, common red, rough refractory, corundum refractory, magnesite
3
200
100
20
20
20
17
17
1100
1000
1000
17
1000
1200
20
35
20
20
20
1000
1000–1300 refractory, strongly radiating refractory, weakly radiating
500–1000
500–1000 silica, 95% SiO
2 sillimanite, 33%
SiO
2
, 64% Al
2
O
3
1230
1500 waterproof 17 phosphor bronze 70 phosphor bronze 70 polished 50 porous, rough 50–150 powder candle soot charcoal powder graphite powder graphite, filed surface lampblack
20
20
20–400
4
T
T
T
T
T
SW
SW
T
T
T
SW
T
T
T
SW
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
SW
T
T
T
T
SW
LW
T
T
T
T
5
0.03
0.03
0.20
0.06
0.2
0.68
0.86–0.81
0.85
0.66
0.80
0.68
0.75
0.59
0.85
0.94
0.94
0.93
0.88–0.93
0.46
0.38
0.8–0.9
0.65–0.75
0.66
0.29
0.87
0.08
0.06
0.1
0.55
0.76–0.80
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.95–0.97
6
1
2
2
1
1
5
5
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
7
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
1
1
5
9
1
2
1
1
2
1
#T559828; r. AD/23843/24541; en-US 73
20 Emissivity tables
Copper
Copper dioxide
Copper oxide
Ebonite
Emery
Enamel
Enamel
Fiber board
Fiber board
Fiber board
Fiber board
Fiber board
Fiber board
Gold
Gold
Gold
Table 20.1
T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;
3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)
1
Chipboard
Chromium
Chromium
Clay
Cloth
Concrete
Concrete
Concrete
Concrete
Copper
2
untreated polished polished fired black
3
20
50
17
5
20
500–1000
70
20
20
36
4
SW
T
T
T
T
T
SW
SW
LLW
T
5
0.90
0.10
0.28–0.38
0.91
0.98
0.92
0.95
0.97
0.974
0.07
Copper
Copper
Copper
Copper
Copper
Copper
Copper
Copper
Copper
Copper
Copper
Copper dry rough walkway commercial, burnished electrolytic, carefully polished electrolytic, polished molten oxidized oxidized to blackness oxidized, black oxidized, heavily polished polished polished, commercial polished, mechanical pure, carefully prepared surface scraped powder red, powder
80
–34
1100–1300
50
27
20
50–100
100
27
22
22
27
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
0.018
0.006
0.13–0.15
0.6–0.7
0.88
0.78
0.78
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.015
0.008
5
8
1
1
1
1
2
7
6
6
1
1
4
1
1
1
4
2
1
2
4
4
4 coarse polished
80 lacquer hard, untreated masonite masonite particle board
70
70
70 particle board 70 porous, untreated 20
20
20
20
130 polished, carefully 200–600 polished, highly 100
T
T
SW
T
SW
SW
LW
SW
LW
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
0.07
0.84
0.70
0.89
0.85
0.9
0.85–0.95
0.85
0.75
0.88
0.77
0.89
0.85
0.018
0.02–0.03
0.02
9
6
9
9
9
1
1
6
1
1
2
1
1
1
4
1
#T559828; r. AD/23843/24541; en-US 74
20 Emissivity tables
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Table 20.1
T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;
3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)
1
Granite
Granite
Granite
Granite
2
polished rough rough, 4 different samples rough, 4 different samples
3
20
21
70
70
4
LLW
LLW
SW
LW
5
0.849
0.879
0.95–0.97
0.77–0.87
6
8
8
9
9
20 T 0.8–0.9
1
Gypsum
Ice: See Water
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
70
70
20
SW
LW
T
0.20
0.09
0.61–0.85
9
9
1
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel
Iron and steel cold rolled cold rolled covered with red rust electrolytic electrolytic electrolytic electrolytic, carefully polished freshly worked with emery ground sheet heavily rusted sheet hot rolled hot rolled oxidized oxidized oxidized oxidized oxidized oxidized oxidized strongly oxidized strongly polished polished polished sheet rolled sheet rolled, freshly rough, plane surface rusted red, sheet rusted, heavily rusty, red shiny oxide layer, sheet, shiny, etched
100
22
260
175–225
20
950–1100
20
130
20
100
100
1227
125–525
200
200–600
50
500
100
400–1000
750–1050
50
20
50
22
17
20
20
150
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
SW
T
T
T
0.05
0.05
0.07
0.05–0.06
0.24
0.55–0.61
0.69
0.60
0.77
0.74
0.74
0.89
0.78–0.82
0.79
0.80
0.88
0.98
0.07
0.14–0.38
0.52–0.56
0.56
0.24
0.95–0.98
0.69
0.96
0.69
0.82
0.16
4
4
4
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
4
1
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
5
1
1
1
#T559828; r. AD/23843/24541; en-US 75
20 Emissivity tables
Table 20.1
T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;
3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)
1
Iron and steel
Lacquer
Lacquer
Lacquer
Lead
Lead
Lead
Lead
Lead
Iron galvanized
Iron galvanized
Iron galvanized
Iron galvanized
Iron galvanized
Iron tinned
Iron, cast
Iron, cast
Iron, cast
Iron, cast
Iron, cast
Iron, cast
Iron, cast
Iron, cast
Iron, cast
Iron, cast
Iron, cast
Iron, cast
Iron, cast
Krylon Ultra-flat black 1602
Krylon Ultra-flat black 1602
Lacquer
Lacquer
Lacquer
Lacquer
Lacquer
Lacquer
Lacquer
2
wrought, carefully polished heavily oxidized heavily oxidized sheet sheet, burnished sheet, oxidized sheet casting
3
40–250
70
70
92
30
20
24
50 ingots liquid machined oxidized
1000
1300
800–1000
100 oxidized oxidized
260
38 oxidized 538 oxidized at 600°C
200–600 polished 200 polished polished unworked
Flat black
Flat black
3 colors sprayed on Aluminum
3 colors sprayed on Aluminum
Aluminum on rough surface bakelite black, dull black, matte black, shiny, sprayed on iron heat–resistant
70
20
80
40–100
100
20 shiny unoxidized, polished
100 white white
100
40–100 oxidized at 200°C
200 oxidized, gray 20 oxidized, gray 22
250
100
38
40
900–1100
Room temperature up to 175
Room temperature up to 175
70
4
T
SW
LW
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
LW
MW
SW
LW
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
5
0.28
0.64
0.85
0.07
0.23
0.28
0.064
0.81
0.95
0.28
0.60–0.70
0.64
0.66
0.63
0.76
0.64–0.78
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.87–0.95
≈ 0.96
≈ 0.97
0.50–0.53
0.92–0.94
0.4
0.83
0.96–0.98
0.97
0.87
0.92
0.92
0.8–0.95
0.63
0.28
0.28
0.08
0.05
6
1
12
9
9
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
4
2
1
1
4
4
1
1
4
1
9
9
1
2
1
1
4
1
4
4
1
4
2
1
12
#T559828; r. AD/23843/24541; en-US 76
20 Emissivity tables
Table 20.1
T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;
3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)
2
Molybdenum
Molybdenum
Mortar
Mortar
Nextel Velvet
811-21 Black
Nichrome
Nichrome
Nichrome
Nichrome
Nichrome
Nickel
Nickel
1
Lead red
Lead red, powder
Leather
Lime
Magnesium
Magnesium
Magnesium
Magnesium
Magnesium powder
Molybdenum
Nickel
Nickel
Nickel
Nickel
Nickel
Nickel
Nickel
Nickel
Nickel
Nickel
Nickel
Nickel
Nickel
Nickel
Nickel
Nickel oxide tanned polished filament dry
Flat black
3
100
100
22
260
538
20
1500–2200
600–1000
700–2500
17
36
–60–150 rolled sandblasted wire, clean wire, clean wire, oxidized bright matte commercially pure, polished commercially pure, polished electrolytic
700
700
50
500–1000
50–500
122
100
200–400 electrolytic electrolytic electrolytic
22
260
38
538 electroplated on iron, polished
22 electroplated on iron, unpolished electroplated on iron, unpolished
20
22 electroplated, polished
20 oxidized oxidized
1227
200 oxidized 227 oxidized at 600°C
200–600 polished 122 wire 200–1000
1000–1250
T
T
T
4
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
SW
SW
LW
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
5
0.93
0.93
0.75–0.80
0.3–0.4
0.07
0.13
0.18
0.07
0.86
0.19–0.26
0.08–0.13
0.1–0.3
0.87
0.94
> 0.97
0.25
0.70
0.65
0.71–0.79
0.95–0.98
0.041
0.045
0.07–0.09
0.04
0.07
0.06
0.10
0.045
0.11–0.40
0.11
0.05
0.85
0.37
0.37
0.37–0.48
0.045
0.1–0.2
0.75–0.86
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
4
2
4
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
5
7
1
1
10 and
11
1
1
1
4
6
4
1
4
4
2
1
1
1
4
2
#T559828; r. AD/23843/24541; en-US 77
20 Emissivity tables
Table 20.1
T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;
3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)
Oil, lubricating
Paint
Paint
Paint
Paint
Paint
Paint
Paint
Paint
Paint
Paint
Paint
Paint
Paint
Paint
Paint
Paper
Paper
Paper
Paper
Paper
Paper
Paper
Paper
1
Nickel oxide
Oil, lubricating
Oil, lubricating
Oil, lubricating
Oil, lubricating
Paper
Paper
Paper
Paper
Paper
Paper
Paper
Plaster
2
0.025 mm film
0.050 mm film
0.125 mm film film on Ni base:
Ni base only thick coating
3
500–650
20
20
20
20
8 different colors and qualities
8 different colors and qualities
Aluminum, various ages cadmium yellow chrome green cobalt blue oil oil based, average of 16 colors oil, black flat oil, black gloss oil, gray flat oil, gray gloss
20
70
70
50–100
17
100 oil, various colors 100 plastic, black 20 plastic, white
4 different colors
20
70
70
4 different colors black black, dull black, dull 70
70 black, dull blue, dark coated with black lacquer green red white white bond white, 3 different glosses
20
20
70
70 white, 3 different glosses yellow
17
20
20
20
20
4
T
T
T
T
T
T
SW
LW
T
T
T
T
T
T
SW
T
SW
SW
SW
SW
T
SW
SW
SW
LW
T
T
SW
LW
T
T
T
T
SW
LW
T
SW
5
0.52–0.59
0.27
0.46
0.72
0.05
0.82
0.88–0.96
0.92–0.94
0.27–0.67
0.28–0.33
0.65–0.70
0.7–0.8
0.87
0.94
0.94
0.92
0.97
0.96
0.92–0.96
0.95
0.84
0.68–0.74
0.92–0.94
0.90
0.94
0.86
0.89
0.84
0.93
0.85
0.76
0.7–0.9
0.93
0.76–0.78
0.88–0.90
0.72
0.86
6
1
1
1
1
9
6
9
9
9
1
1
6
6
1
6
6
6
1
2
9
1
1
1
5
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
9
9
1
9
1
5
#T559828; r. AD/23843/24541; en-US 78
20 Emissivity tables
Platinum
Platinum
Platinum
Platinum
Platinum
Platinum
Platinum
Platinum
Platinum
Platinum
Platinum
Platinum
Porcelain
Porcelain
Rubber
Rubber
Sand
Sand
Sandstone
Sandstone
Silver
Silver
Skin
Slag
Slag
Slag
Slag
Snow: See Water
Soil
Table 20.1
T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;
3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)
1
Plaster
Plaster
Plastic
Plastic
Plastic
Plastic
Plastic
Plastic
2
plasterboard, untreated rough coat glass fibre laminate (printed circ.
board) glass fibre laminate (printed circ.
board) polyurethane isolation board polyurethane isolation board
PVC, plastic floor, dull, structured
PVC, plastic floor, dull, structured
3
20
20
70
70
70
70
70
70
4
SW
T
SW
LW
LW
SW
SW
LW
5
0.90
0.91
0.94
0.91
0.55
0.29
0.94
0.93
6
6
2
9
9
9
9
9
9 pure, polished ribbon wire wire wire glazed white, shiny hard soft, gray, rough polished rough polished pure, polished human boiler boiler boiler boiler dry
100
1000–1500
1094
17
22
260
538
200–600
900–1100
1400
500–1000
50–200
20
20
20
20
19
19
100
200–600
32
0–100
1400–1800
200–500
600–1200
20
T
T
T
T
T
LLW
LLW
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
0.05
0.14–0.18
0.18
0.016
0.03
0.06
0.10
0.05–0.10
0.12–0.17
0.18
0.10–0.16
0.06–0.07
0.92
0.70–0.75
0.95
0.95
0.60
0.90
0.909
0.935
0.03
0.02–0.03
0.98
0.97–0.93
0.69–0.67
0.89–0.78
0.76–0.70
0.92
1
2
8
8
1
1
1
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
#T559828; r. AD/23843/24541; en-US 79
20 Emissivity tables
Titanium
Titanium
Titanium
Titanium
Titanium
Titanium
Tungsten
Tungsten
Tungsten
Tungsten
Varnish
Varnish
Table 20.1
T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;
3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)
1
Soil
Stainless steel
Stainless steel
Stainless steel
Stainless steel
Stainless steel
Stainless steel
Stainless steel
Stainless steel
Stainless steel
Stucco
Styrofoam
Tar
Tar
Tile
Tin
Tin
2
saturated with water alloy, 8% Ni, 18%
Cr rolled sandblasted sheet, polished
3
20
500
700
700
70 sheet, polished 70 sheet, untreated, somewhat scratched
70 sheet, untreated, somewhat scratched
70 type 18-8, buffed
20
60 type 18-8, oxidized at 800°C rough, lime insulation
10–90
37
4
T
T
T
T
SW
LW
SW
LW
T
T
T
T
T
SW
T
T
SW
5
0.95
0.35
0.45
0.70
0.18
0.14
0.30
0.28
0.16
0.85
0.91
0.60
0.79–0.84
0.91–0.93
0.94
0.04–0.06
0.07
6
2
1
1
1
9
9
9
9
2
2
1
1
5
1
2
1
7
Varnish
Wallpaper
Wallpaper
Water
Water
Water
Water paper glazed
20
17 burnished tin–plated sheet iron
20–50
100 oxidized at 540°C
1000 oxidized at 540°C 200 oxidized at 540°C 500 polished 1000 polished polished
200
500 filament flat on oak parquet floor on oak parquet floor slight pattern, light gray
600–1000
3300
20
70
70
20 slight pattern, red 20 distilled frost crystals ice, covered with heavy frost ice, smooth
1500–2200
200
20
–10
0
0
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
SW
SW
LW
SW
SW
T
T
T
T
0.60
0.40
0.50
0.36
0.15
0.20
0.24–0.31
0.05
0.1–0.16
0.39
0.93
0.90
0.90–0.93
0.85
0.90
0.96
0.98
0.98
0.97
9
6
6
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
9
#T559828; r. AD/23843/24541; en-US 80
20 Emissivity tables
Table 20.1
T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;
3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)
1
Water
Water
Water
Water
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Zinc
Zinc
Zinc
Zinc
2
ice, smooth layer >0.1 mm thick snow snow
3
–10
0–100
–10
17
19 ground pine, 4 different samples pine, 4 different samples planed planed oak
70
70
20
20 planed oak planed oak
70
70 plywood, smooth, dry plywood, untreated white, damp
36
20
20 oxidized at 400°C 400 oxidized surface
1000–1200 polished 200–300 sheet 50
4
T
T
T
T
SW
LLW
T
SW
LW
T
T
SW
LW
SW
SW
T
T
T
T
T
5
0.96
0.95–0.98
0.8
0.85
0.98
0.962
0.5–0.7
0.67–0.75
0.81–0.89
0.8–0.9
0.90
0.77
0.88
0.82
0.83
0.7–0.8
0.11
0.50–0.60
0.04–0.05
0.20
6
2
1
1
2
5
8
1
9
9
1
2
9
9
7
6
1
1
1
1
1
#T559828; r. AD/23843/24541; en-US 81
We've been supplying portable test and measurement equipment to companies of all sizes and industries around the world since 1991.
Our aim is to distribute easy-to-use, reliable and effective instruments to engineering, maintenance and facilities departments; and to complement these products with comprehensive advice, training and support.
Telephone
01424 858118
E-mail Address [email protected]
Postal Address
Alpine Components Ltd
Innovation Centre, Highfield Drive
Churchfields
St. Leonards-on-Sea
TN38 9UH
United Kingdom
Website www.alpine-components.co.uk
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