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Начало Разглеждане Моите ръководства

Компютри и електроника Софтуер IBM Version 8.5 Ръководство за програмиране

Part 7. Appendixes. IBM Version 8.5

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Part 7. Appendixes

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1998, 2012

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PL/I for Windows Programming Guide

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Съдържание

About this book

How to read the syntax diagrams

How to send your comments

Part 1. Introducing PL/I on your workstation

Chapter 1. Porting applications between platforms

Getting mainframe applications to compile on the workstation

Choosing the right compile-time options

Language restricted

Structure expressions

Array expressions

DEFAULT statement

Extents of automatic variables

Built-in functions

Macro preprocessor

Using the macro facility to help port programs

Getting mainframe applications to run on the workstation

Linking differences

Data representations causing runtime differences

Environment differences affecting portability

Language elements causing runtime differences

Part 2. Compiling and linking your program

Chapter 2. Compiling your program

A short practice exercise

The HELLO program

Using compile-time options

Using the sample programs provided with the product

Preparing to compile source programs

Program file structure

Using a PROCEDURE statement with PROCESS:

INCLUDE processing

%LINE directive

Program file format

Line continuation

Setting compile-time environment variables

Using the PLI command to invoke the compiler

Where to specify compile-time options

IBM.OPTIONS and IBM.PPxxx environment variables

%PROCESS statement

Chapter 3. Compile-time options

Compile-time option descriptions

Rules for using compile-time options

Chapter 4. PL/I preprocessors

Include preprocessor

Include preprocessor options environment variable

Macro preprocessor

Macro preprocessor options

Macro facility options environment variables

SQL preprocessor

Programming and compilation considerations

SQL preprocessor options

SQL preprocessor options environment variable

SQL preprocessor BIND environment variables

Coding SQL statements in PL/I applications

Defining the SQL communications area

Defining SQL descriptor areas

Embedding SQL statements

Using host variables

Determining equivalent SQL and PL/I data types

Determining compatibility of SQL and PL/I data types

Using host structures

Using indicator variables

Host structure example

Using statements and compile-time options

Large Object (LOB) support

Sample programs for LOB support

User defined functions sample programs

Handling SQL error return codes

SQL compatibility and migration considerations

Programming and compilation considerations

CICS preprocessor options

CICS preprocessor options environment variables

Coding CICS statements in PL/I applications

Embedding CICS statements

Writing CICS transactions in PL/I

CICS abends used for PL/I programs

CICS run-time user exit

Chapter 5. Compilation output

Using the compiler listing

Compiler output files

Chapter 6. Linking your program

Starting the linker

Statically linking

Linking from the command line

Linking from a make file

Input and output

Specifying directories

Filename defaults

Specifying object files

Using response files

Specifying executable output type

Producing an .EXE file

Producing a dynamic link library

Packing executables

Generating a map file

Linker return codes

Chapter 7. Setting linker options

Setting options on the command line

Setting options in the ILINK environment variable

Using the linker

Specifying numeric arguments

Summary of Windows linker options

Windows linker options

/DBGPACK, /NODBGPACK

/DEBUG, /NODEBUG

/DEFAULTLIBRARYSEARCH

/EXTDICTIONARY, /NOEXTDICTIONARY

/FIXED, /NOFIXED

/INFORMATION, /NOINFORMATION

/LINENUMBERS, /NOLINENUMBERS

Part 3. Running and debugging your program

Chapter 8. Using run-time options

Setting run-time environment variables

Specifying run-time options

Where to specify run-time options

Specifying multiple run-time options or suboptions

Run-time options

Shipping run-time DLLs

Chapter 9. Testing and debugging your programs

Testing your programs

General debugging tips

PL/I debugging techniques

Using compile-time options for debugging

Using footprints for debugging

Using dumps for debugging

Formatted PL/I dumps—PLIDUMP

SNAP dumps for trace information

Using error and condition handling for debugging

Error and condition handling terminology

Error handling concepts

System facilities

Language facilities

ON-units for qualified and unqualified conditions

Conditions used for testing and debugging

Common programming errors

Logical errors in your source programs

Invalid use of PL/I

Calling uninitialized entry variables

Loops and other unforeseen errors

Tips for dealing with loops

Unexpected input/output data

Unexpected program termination

Other unexpected program results

Compiler or library subroutine failure

Poor performance

Part 4. Input and output

Chapter 10. Using data sets and files

Types of data sets

Native data sets

Conventional text files and devices

Fixed-length data sets

Additional data sets

Varying-length data sets

Regional data sets

Workstation VSAM data sets

Establishing data set characteristics

Data set organizations

Specifying characteristics using the PL/I ENVIRONMENT attribute

Specifying characteristics using DD:ddname environment variables

CHARSET for record I/O

CHARSET for stream I/O

Associating a PL/I file with a data set

Using environment variables

Using the TITLE option of the OPEN statement

Attempting to use files not associated with data sets

How PL/I finds data sets

Opening and closing PL/I files

Associating several data sets with one file

Combinations of I/O statements, attributes, and options

DISPLAY statement input and output

PL/I standard files (SYSPRINT and SYSIN)

Redirecting standard input, output, and error devices

Chapter 11. Defining and using consecutive data sets

Printer-destined files

Using stream-oriented data transmission

Defining files using stream I/O

ENVIRONMENT options for stream-oriented data transmission

Creating a data set with stream I/O

Essential information

Accessing a data set with stream I/O

Essential information

Using PRINT files

Controlling printed line length

Overriding the tab control table

Using SYSIN and SYSPRINT files

Controlling input from the terminal

Using files conversationally

Stream and record files

Capital and lowercase letters

Controlling output to the terminal

Format of PRINT files

Stream and record files

Example of an interactive program

Using record-oriented I/O

Defining files using record I/O

ENVIRONMENT options for record-oriented data transmission

Creating a data set with record I/O

Essential information

Accessing and updating a data set with record I/O

Essential information

Examples of consecutive data sets

Chapter 12. Defining and using regional data sets

Defining files for a regional data set

Specifying ENVIRONMENT options

Essential information for creating and accessing regional data sets

Using keys with regional data sets

Using REGIONAL(1) data sets

Creating a REGIONAL(1) data set

Accessing and updating a REGIONAL(1) data set

Sequential access

Chapter 13. Defining and using workstation VSAM data sets

Moving data between the workstation and mainframe

Workstation VSAM organization

Creating and accessing workstation VSAM data sets

Determining which type of workstation VSAM data set you need

Accessing records in workstation VSAM data sets

Using keys for workstation VSAM data sets

Using keys for workstation VSAM keyed data sets

Using sequential record values

Using relative record numbers

Choosing a data set type

Defining files for workstation VSAM data sets

Specifying options of the PL/I ENVIRONMENT attribute

Adapting existing programs for workstation VSAM

Adapting programs using CONSECUTIVE files

Adapting programs using INDEXED files

Adapting programs using REGIONAL(1) files

Adapting programs using VSAM files

Using workstation VSAM sequential data sets

Using a sequential file to access a workstation VSAM sequential data set

Defining and loading a workstation VSAM sequential data set

Updating a sequential data set

Workstation VSAM keyed data sets

Loading a workstation VSAM keyed data set

Using a SEQUENTIAL file to access a workstation VSAM keyed data set

Using a DIRECT file to access a workstation VSAM keyed data set

Workstation VSAM direct data sets

Loading a workstation VSAM direct data set

Using a SEQUENTIAL file to access a workstation VSAM direct data set

Using READ statements

Using WRITE statements

Using the REWRITE or DELETE statements

Using a DIRECT file to access a workstation VSAM direct data set

Part 5. Using PL/I with databases

Chapter 14. Open Database Connectivity

Introducing ODBC

ODBC Driver Manager

Choosing embedded SQL or ODBC

Using the ODBC drivers

Environment-specific information

Configuring data sources

Connecting to a data source

Using a logon dialog box

Using a connection string

ODBC APIs from PL/I

CALL interface convention

Using the supplied include files

Mapping of ODBC C types

Setting licensing information for ODBC Driver Manager/driver

Sample program using supplied include files

Chapter 15. Using java Dclgen

Understanding java Dclgen terminology

PL/I java Dclgen support

Creating a table declaration and host structure

Selecting a database

Selecting a table and generation a PL/I declaration

Modifying and saving the generated PL/I declaration

Exiting java Dclgen

Including data declarations in your program

Part 6. Advanced topics

Chapter 16. Using the Program Maintenance Utility, NMAKE

Using the command line

Command-line syntax

Command-line help

Using NMAKE command files

Why use a command file?

Command file syntax

Produce error file (/X)

Build all targets (/A)

Suppress messages (/C)

Display modification dates (/D)

Override environment variables (/E)

Specify description file (/F)

Display help (/HELP or /?)

Ignore exit codes (/I)

Display commands (/N)

Suppress sign-on banner (/NOLOGO)

Print macro and target definitions (/P)

Return exit code (/Q)

Ignore TOOLS.INI file (/R)

Suppress command display (/S)

Change target modification dates (/T)

Description files

Description blocks

Special features

Targets in several description blocks

Special features

Macros in a description file

Macros on the command line

Inherited macros

Macro substitutions

Special macros examples

File-specification parts

Characters that modify special macros

Modified special macros example

Macro precedence rules

Inference rules

Special features

Inference rules example

Inference-rule path specifications

Predefined inference rules

Directives example

Predefined pseudotargets

.SILENT Pseudotarget

.IGNORE Pseudotarget

.SUFFIXES Pseudotarget

.PRECIOUS Pseudotarget

Inline files example

Escape characters

Characters that modify commands

Turn error checking off (-)

Dash command modifier examples

Suppress command display (@)

At sign (@) command modifier example

Execute command for dependents (!)

Exclamation point (!) command modifier examples

Macros and inference rules in TOOLS.INI

TOOLS.INI example

Chapter 17. Improving performance

Selecting compile-time options for optimal performance

BYADDR or BYVALUE

RETURNS(BYVALUE) or RETURNS(BYADDR)

ASCII or EBCDIC

IEEE or HEXADEC

Summary of compile-time options that improve performance

Coding for better performance

DATA-directed input and output

Input-only parameters

String assignments

Loop control variables

PACKAGEs versus nested PROCEDUREs

Example with nested procedures

REDUCIBLE functions

DEFINED versus UNION

Named constants versus static variables

Example with optimal code but no meaningful names

Avoiding calls to library routines

Chapter 18. Using user exits

Using the compiler user exit

Procedures performed by the compiler user exit

Activating the compiler user exit

The IBM-supplied compiler exit, IBMUEXIT

Customizing the compiler user exit

Modifying IBMUEXIT.INF

Writing your own compiler exit

Structure of global control blocks

Writing the initialization procedure

Writing the message filtering procedure

Writing the termination procedure

Using the CICS run-time user exit

Prior to program invocation

After program termination

Modifying CEEFXITA

Using data conversion tables

Chapter 19. Building dynamic link libraries

Creating DLL source files

Compiling your DLL source

Preparing to link your DLL

Specifying exported names under Windows

Linking your DLL

Sample program to build a DLL

Using FETCH and RELEASE in your main program

Exporting data from a DLL

Chapter 20. Using IBM Library Manager on Windows

Using the command line

Using the ILIB environment variable

Windows control panel

Windows 98 AUTOEXEC.BAT file

Using an ILIB response file

Examples specifying ILIB parameters

Controlling ILIB input

Controlling ILIB output

Controlling ILIB output

Summary of ILIB objects

Summary of ILIB options

Chapter 21. Calling conventions

Understanding linkage considerations

OPTLINK linkage

Features of OPTLINK

Tips for using OPTLINK

General-purpose register implications

Examples of passing parameters

Passing conforming parameters to a routine

Features of SYSTEM

Example using SYSTEM linkage

STDCALL linkage (Windows only)

Features of STDCALL

Examples using the STDCALL convention

Using WinMain (Windows only)

Features of CDECL

Examples using the CDECL convention

Chapter 22. Using PL/I in mixed-language applications

Matching data and linkages

What data is passed

How data is passed

Where data is passed

Maintaining your environment

Invoking non-PL/I routines from a PL/I MAIN

Invoking PL/I routines from a non-PL/I main

Using ON ANYCONDITION

Chapter 23. Interfacing with Java

What is the Java Native Interface (JNI)?

JNI Sample Program #1 - 'Hello World'

Step 1: Writing the Java Program

Declare the Native Method

Load the Native Library

Write the Java Main Method

Step 2: Compiling the Java Program

Step 3: Writing the PL/I Program

Useful PL/I Compiler Options

Correct Form of PL/I Procedure Name and Procedure Statement

JNI Include File

The Complete PL/I Procedure

Step 4: Compiling and Linking the PL/I Program

Compiling the PL/I Program

Linking the Dynamic Link Library

Step 5: Running the Sample Program

JNI Sample Program #2 - Passing a String

Step 1: Writing the Java Program

Declare the Native Method

Load the Native Library

Write the Java Main Method

Step 2: Compiling the Java Program

Step 3: Writing the PL/I Program

Correct Form of PL/I Procedure Name and Procedure Statement

JNI Include File

The Complete PL/I Procedure

Step 4: Compiling and Linking the PL/I Program

Compiling the PL/I Program

Linking the Dynamic Link Library

Step 5: Running the Sample Program

JNI Sample Program #3 - Passing an Integer

Step 1: Writing the Java Program

Declare the Native Method

Load the Native Library

Write the Java Main Method

Step 2: Compiling the Java Program

Step 3: Writing the PL/I Program

Correct Form of PL/I Procedure Name and Procedure Statement

JNI Include File

The Complete PL/I Procedure

Step 4: Compiling and Linking the PL/I Program

Compiling the PL/I Program

Linking the Dynamic Link Library

Step 5: Running the Sample Program

Determining equivalent Java and PL/I data types

Chapter 24. Using sort routines

Comparing S/390 and workstation sort programs

Preparing to use sort

Choosing the type of sort

Specifying the sorting field

Specifying the records to be sorted

Calling the sort program

PLISRT examples

Determining whether the sort was successful

Getting diagnostic information

The IBM_SORT_RC environment variable

The IBM_SORT_DIR environment variable

The IBM_SORT_MSGFILE environment variable

Sort data input and output

Sort data handling routines

E15 — input-handling routine (sort exit E15)

E35 — output-handling routine (sort exit E35)

Calling PLISRTA

Calling PLISRTB

Calling PLISRTC

Calling PLISRTD, example 1

Calling PLISRTD, example 2

Chapter 25. Using the SAX parser

The PLISAXA built-in subroutine

The PLISAXB built-in subroutine

The SAX event structure

start_of_document

version_information

encoding_declaration

standalone_declaration

document_type_declaration

end_of_document

start_of_element

attribute_characters

attribute_predefined_reference

attribute_character_reference

start_of_CDATA_section

end_of_CDATA_section

content_characters

content_predefined_reference

content_character_reference

processing_instruction

unknown_attribute_reference

unknown_content_reference

start_of_prefix_mapping

end_of_prefix_mapping

Parameters to the event functions

Coded character sets for XML documents

Supported EBCDIC code pages

Supported ASCII code pages

Specifying the code page

Using a number:

Continuable exception codes

Terminating exception codes

Chapter 26. Using PL/I MLE in your applications

Applying attributes and options

RESPECT compile-time option

WINDOW compile-time option

RULES compile-time option

Understanding date patterns

Patterns and windowing

Using built-in functions with MLE

Performing date calculations and comparisons

Explicit date calculations

Comparing dates

Converting dates

Subtracting dates

Implicit date calculations

Implicit date comparisons

Comparing dates with like patterns

Comparing dates with differing patterns

Comparisons involving the DATE attribute and a literal

Comparisons involving the DATE attribute and a non-literal

Implicit DATE assignments

Part 7. Appendixes

Programming interface information

Macros for customer use

PL/I publications

Enterprise PL/I publications

Related publications

DB2 UDB for OS/390 and z/OS

TXSeries for Multiplatforms

Special characters

Readers’ Comments — We'd Like to Hear from You

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