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®
FM1000A
RF Amplifier Package
User's Manual
©200
5 Crown Broadcast, a division of International Radio and Electronics, Inc.
25166 Leer Drive, Elkhart, Indiana, 46514-5425 U.S.A.
(574) 262-8900 i
Revision Control
Revision
Initial Release (Rev. 0) 900413-1
Revision 1
Revision 2
Print Date
November 1998
April 2002
May 2005 ii
Important Notices
©2005, Crown Broadcast, a division of International Radio and Electronics, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form by any means without the written permission of Crown International, Inc.
Printed in U.S.A.
Crown attempts to provide information that is accurate, complete, and useful.
Should you find inadequacies in the text, please send your comments to the following address:
International Radio and Electronics
25166 Leer Drive, P.O. Box 2000
Elkhart, Indiana, 46515-2000 U.S.A.
Section 1—Getting Acquainted
Section 2—Installation
Hubble Twist Lock® Connector Wiring ........................................................ 2–4
Section 3—Operation
Section 4—Principles of Operation
Backplane DC Interconnect Board ........................................................ 4–3
Output Combiner Board ........................................................................ 4–3
DC Fuse and Power Distribution Board ........................................................ 4–4
iii
PFC (Power Factor Correcting) Switching Board .......................................... 4–5
Section 5—Troubleshooting
Potential Causes for Non-functioning Cooling Fans .............................. 5–5
Section 6—Reference Drawings
Section 7—Service and Support
Glossary
Index
iv
I
INFORMATION
Section 1—Getting Acquainted
This section provides a general description of the FM1000A power amplifier system and introduces you to safety conventions used within this document. Review this material before install- ing or operating the amplifier and power supply.
Getting Acquainted 1–1
I
1.1 Your Amplifier Package
The FM1000A is a highly efficient amplifier package designed to set a new standard in FM transmitter design offering modularity, ease of use, and long-term reliability. The FM1000A package includes a PA1000 amplifier, PS1000 power supply, and an FM1K accessory pack.
The PA1000 broadband amplifier requires no tuning and typically provides 80% RF efficiency across the band. The PS1000 power supply is power factor corrected and
90% efficient. Modern MOSFET technology ensures high AC to RF efficiency
(better than 70% overall) and long-term reliability. The unmatched efficiency of this power amplifier significantly improves your bottom line by providing cooler operation and lower power costs.
These modular units are uniquely designed to be lightweight and compact for convenient shipping, and require only seven RU spaces for installation. Installation is made simple with just three interconnections between the amplifier and power supply. In addition, built-in digital metering and status indicator capabilities enable intuitive operation to further augment the user-friendly design.
Economic long-term reliability is ensured through our carefully engineered solidstate design. The PA1000 features two field-replaceable 500–watt power modules.
This power amplifier delivers 500 to over 1000 watts of RF power output. Use your existing exciter or purchase the FM1000T which includes our award-winning FM30 exciter for an unbeatable 1 kW transmitter package.
Metering
In Ref
SWR
ALC
Power Out
PA Temp
PA Voltage
Tot Current
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
®
PA5
PA6
PA7
PA8
Fault
Antenna
RF Drive
PA Temp
PA DC
PA3
Fuses
PA4 PA7 PA8
1–2
I
O
Power
®
Illustration 1–1 FM1000A Amplifier Package
FM1000A User’s Manual
1.2 Amplifier Package Specifications
RF Power Output:
RF Drive Requirement:
RF Output Impedance:
Maximum SWR:
30 watts for full output
50 ohms (unbalanced)
1.7:1 (With power foldback at high SWR)
Frequency Range: 87–108 MHz
RF Harmonics/Spurious Products: Better than –80 dB
Asynchronous AM S/N Ratio:
Synchronous AM S/N Ratio:
100 to 1100 watts continuous with remote controlled power adjust
Better than –55 dB with 100% modulation at
400 Hz, no de-emphasis, no FM modulation
(typically > 60 dB)
Better than –55 dB with 100% modulation at
400 Hz, no de-emphasis, FM modulation=75 kHz @400 Hz
(typically > 60 dB)
Operating Environment:
Temperature Range:
Humidity Range:
0°–50°C at sea level
0–80% at 20°C (noncondensing)
AC Power:
Power Consumption:
Power Factor:
Overall Efficiency:
240 Volts AC +10/-15%, 50–60 Hz
Less than 1400 watts at 1000 watts RF output typical
.96 typical
70% typical
RF Output Connector:
Power Amplifier Chassis:
Power Supply Chassis:
Weight:
7/8 in. EIA flange, 7–16 in DIN optional
7 x 17.25 x 23 inches (17.78 x 43.82 x
58.42 cm) exclusive of rack ears, but inclusive of connectors
5.25 x 17.25 x 23 inches (13.34 x 43.82 x
58.42 cm) exclusive of rack ears
PA1000—40 pounds (18.1 kg)
RF PA Modules—8 pounds (3.6 kg) each
PS1000—43 pounds (19.5 kg)
Note: System performance is specified using Crown Broadcast
Model FM30 Exciter where applicable.
Getting Acquainted 1–3
I
1.3 Safety Considerations
Crown Broadcast assumes the responsibility for providing you a safe product and safety guidelines during its use. “Safety” means protection to all individuals who install, operate, and service the transmitter as well as protection of the transmitter itself. To promote safety, we use standard hazard alert labeling on the product and in this manual. Follow the associated guidelines to avoid potential hazard.
1.3.1 Dangers
DANGER represents the most severe hazard alert. Extreme bodily harm or death will occur if DANGER guidelines are not followed.
1.3.2 Warnings
WARNING represents hazards which could result in severe injury or death.
1.3.3 Cautions
CAUTION indicates potential personal injury or equipment or property damage if the associated guidelines are not followed. Particular cautions in this text also indicate unauthorized radio-frequency operation.
Pictorial Indication of Hazard
Type of Hazard
WARNING
Severe shock hazard!
Turn power off and wait approximately 1 minute for capacitors to discharge before handling them.
Explanation of
Hazard
Illustration 1–3 Sample Hazard Alert
1–4 FM1000A User’s Manual
®
Section 2—Installation
This section provides important guidelines for installing your power amplifier and power supply. Review this information carefully for proper installation.
Installation 2–1
2.1 Operating Environment
You can install the FM1000A amplifier system in a standard 19–inch component rack or on a suitable surface such as a bench or desk. In any case, the area should be as clean and well-ventillated as possible. The power supply must be installed directly above or below the power amplifier (for the included dressed cables to reach their respective connectors).
2.2 Tools Required
To install the power supply and power amplifier, you will need the following tools:
❑ Medium phillips screwdriver
❑ Medium flat-blade screwdriver
❑ Small flat-blade screwdriver
❑ 7/16–Inch wrench or nut driver
❑ ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) protection grounding strap and/or mat.
2.3 Unpacking
Before handling any exposed printed circuit boards, ground yourself with an antistatic strap and/or mat.
CAUTION
Possible equipment damage!
Guard against electrostatic discharge through electronic components.
The power amplifier, power supply, and two power amplifier modules are packed and shipped in individual boxes because of their modular nature. (The FM1K accessory kit is packed inside one of the two power amplifier module boxes.) For added protection, both the PA1000 amplifier and PS1000 supply are packed in an inner box and then placed inside an outer box with styrofoam protective corners in both boxes. You will need to unpack a total of four boxes (plus two inner boxes).
Note: Save the boxes and packaging material that the individual units are packed in should you need to return them for factory service.
2–2 FM1000A User’s Manual
2.4 Preinstallation
2.4.1 Power Amplifier Modules
The PA1000 incorporates four power amplifiers (two each in two modules). Due to possible damage during shipment, the power modules have been removed. Follow these steps to install the modules:
1. Remove the front panel of the PA1000 (four screws).
2. Taking ESD precautions (see page 2–2), unpack the power modules and place them on your work area with the circuit sides up.
Connector
Warning Label
Slide Rail
Illustration 2–1 Power Amplifier Module
3. The warning labels on the front of the modules should all be positioned to the center of the chassis, also note the position of the connector on the modules and in the chassis.
4. Insert the two power modules, using their slide rails, into the built in channels of the right-side cavity as shown below. Note that the connectors and warning labels are nearest the middle wall or partition of the PA1000.
Module A
(amps 3 & 4)
Module B
(amps 7 & 8)
Vacant Cavity Middle Partition
Illustration 2–2 Power Amplifier Module Placement
5. Be sure the modules are pushed in completely so that the connector makes proper contact.
6. Replace the front panel of the PA1000.
Installation 2–3
2.4.2 Hubble Twist Lock® Connector Wiring
Prepare the wiring for the Hubble Twist-Lock® connector in the following manner before connecting to your AC power source:
1. Use round cord with a diameter of 0.385–0.780 inches (10–20 mm), Type SJ
12/3 – 10/3; Type S 16/3 – 10/3.
2. Select conductor size from your National Electrical Code®.
3. Slide the cover onto the cord. Remove insulation from cable and conductors as shown in Illustration 2–3. Do not tin conductors.
1 I n c h
( 2 5 m m )
5 / 8 I n c h
( 1 6 m m )
Illustration 2–3 Cover, Cable & Conductors
4. Loosen terminal screws. Insert conductors fully into proper terminals according to the table below. Take caution that there are no stray wire strands.
Terminal
Green Hex Head Screw
Brass Screw
Brass/Black Screw
Conductor
Equipment grounding conductor
(green or green/yellow)
Hot circuit conductor, 240 VAC
(NOT white, NOT green)
Hot circuit conductor, 240 VAC
(NOT white, NOT green)
5. Tighten terminal screws to 18 pound•inches (2.1 N•m) of torque.
6. Tighten assembly screws to 10 pound•inches (1.1 N•m) of torque.
7. Tighten cord clamp screws to 10 pound•inches (1.1 N•m) of torque.
WARNING
Possible Electric Shock Hazard!
Do not connect AC source until all other connections are made and installation is complete.
2–4 FM1000A User’s Manual
2.5 Installation
1. Mount the units in an appropriate 19–inch wide cabinet. The power supply must be installed directly below the power amplifier for the included cables to reach their respective connectors (see illustration 2–4 below).
Note: The PS1000 weighs approximately 40 pounds (18.1 kg); the
PA1000, approximately 43 pounds (19.5 kg). Use help to install.
2. Ensure that the PS1000 power switch is off, the circuit breakers of the 240
VAC source on the back panel are off, and the AC connector is not plugged in.
3. Install the exciter source (such as a Crown Broadcast FM30) according to its instructions.
4. Connect the RF input cable from the exciter source to the N connector on the back of the PA1000.
5. Connect the RF output cable (from the antenna) to the 7/8 EIA or 7-16 DIN connector on the back of the PA1000.
6. Connect one end of the supplied control cable to the 9–pin D-sub connector on the PA1000.
7. Connect the other end of the control cable to the 9–pin D-sub connector on the PS1000.
+ DC Input
DC Input
Ground Screws
RF Monitor
(Optional Connection)
Air Intakes/Filters
RF Input
Remote I/O
RF Output
PA1000
+ DC Output
DC Output
PS1000
Air Exhaust Vents
Illustration 2–4 Rear Panel Connections
Installation
Control
Circuit Breakers
OFF OFF
Fans
Power
Control
240 VAC IN
2–5
8. Using the supplied connector, tie together pins 6 and 7 of the Remote I/O connector. The amplifier will not operate without this connection or a remote switch on these pins. (See Section 2.6 for Remote I/O connection.)
9. If monitoring of the output signal is desired, connect the RF monitor cable to the BNC connector on the PA1000.
10. Connect the DC input/output cables between the PA1000 and the PS1000 as illustrated (Illustration 2–4). The connector end with the ground lead connects to the PA1000. Be sure to attach the ground leads as indicated.
Note: The power lead shield is only grounded at the PA chassis.
11. Install the covers over the DC terminals of the PA1000 and the PS1000 using hardware form the hardware kit (1/4–inch X 6–32 bolts with lock washers).
12. Connect to your AC power source by inserting the Hubble Twist-Lock connector into the female Hubble connector on the PS1000 and turn to the right until the connection locks.
2.6 Remote I/O Connection
The Remote I/O Connector on the back of the PA1000 allows remote control and monitoring of Certain transmitter functions. There are three basic control functions—AC on/off, RF power level adjustment, and RF down/off.
The AC power on/off remote control function, available at pin 7 of the Remote I/O
Connector, turns DC power to the PA on when the pin is grounded.
The RF power level adjustment remote control function has an internal maximum limit set on the Metering and Control Board. The Local Power Adjust (R62) sets the maximum limit of RF power output. The limit is set by placing the Remote/
Local switch (SW5) in the LOCAL position and adjusting the Local Power Adjust to your desired maximum limit (see illustrations 2–5 and 2–6). However, for any remote operation to work, the Remote/Local slide switch must be in the REMOTE position. Then the on-board remote RAISE and LOWER push buttons and any external remote switches attached to pins 4 and 15 of the I/O Connector can adjust
R62
LOCAL
ADJUST
+5V
MAXIMUM
MINIMUM
REMOTE
RAISE POWER
Pin 4
Remote I/O Conn.
REMOTE
LOWER POWER
Pin 15
Remote I/O Conn.
SW3
RAISE
TANSMITTER
CONTROL
SW4
LOWER
Electro-
Control
Circuit
LOCAL
SW5
REMOTE
2–6
Illustration 2–5 Local and Remote Functions
FM1000A User’s Manual
the level up to that limit and down to zero. When a specific output power level is set, the Metering and Control Board controls and maintains the setting to keep the power constant. The location of the Local Power Adjust (R62), the on-board Raise and Lower switches (SW3 & SW4), and the Local/Remote slide switch (SW5) are shown below.
Local/Remote
Slide Switch
On-board Remote
Power Adjust
Buttons
Local Power Adjust
Pot
Illustration 2–6 On-board Remote Power & Related Controls
Another remote control function, available at pin 5 of the Remote I/O Connector, turns RF down/off. Connecting this pin to ground through a resistor allows the
RF power output level of the amplifier to be reduced below the internal limit set by the Local Power Adjust pot or the remote Raise/Lower settings. However, some drive power, less than one watt, may still be present at the antenna. Depending on the resistor used, this pin can serve as a control for optional low power operation.
The remaining remote functions are for monitoring the various parameters of the PA1000. They are either buffered metering outputs, direct reading, or latched high/low indications. Further details of these functions are described in the pin-out table on page 2–8.
Note: If Remote I/O controls are not used, tie pin 7 to pin 6 (GND.).
For remote I/O (Input/Output) connection, connect your remote I/O cable from your remote control location to the 25–pin (female) D-sub connector on the back panel of the PA1000. The I/O Connector on the power amplifier is described in the following diagram:
13 1
25 14
The Remote I/O Connector Pinout Table on the next page summarizes the Remote
I/O pin connections.
Installation 2–7
Pin #
1
2
3
Function
PA#8 Current Monitor (a buffered metering output with 1 V = 2 A)
PA#7 Current Monitor (a buffered metering output with 1 V = 2 A)
Ground
4
5
Remote RAISE Power (a momentary switch, on this pin, when held low will raise the power level 10 watts every 0.5 seconds)
Remote RF Power Control (a resistor to ground on this pin reduces RF power output level below internal limits. See Section 2.6, page 2–7)
Ground 6
7
8
Remote AC Power On (a latching switch, on this pin, when held low will turn the AC power supply on)
Fault Summary (the voltage from this pin goes to +5 V if any fault occurs and drops below 2V when the fault goes away)
Ground 9
10 ALC (the voltage from this pin is a direct reading of automatic level control voltage, not buffered)
11 PA Temperature (a buffered metering output with 1 V = 20° C)
12 SWR (a buffered metering output with a calculated reading of standing wave ratio in VDC)
13 RF Output Power (a buffered metering output with a calculated reading of output power of 1 V = 1000 W)
14 Input Power Reference (a buffered metering output with a DC voltage representing input power)
15 Remote LOWER Power (a momentary switch, on this pin, when held low will lower the power level 10 watts every 0.5 seconds)
16 PA#6 Current Monitor (a buffered metering output with 1 V = 2 A)
17 PA#5 Current Monitor (a buffered metering output with 1 V = 2 A)
18 Ground
19 PA#4 Current Monitor (a buffered metering output with 1 V = 2 A)
20 PA#3 Current Monitor (a buffered metering output with 1 V = 2 A)
21 Ground
22 PA#2 Current Monitor (a buffered metering output with 1 V = 2 A)
23 PA#1 Current Monitor (a buffered metering output with 1 V = 2 A)
24 PA Total Current Monitor (a buffered metering output with 1 V = 20 A)
25 PA Volts (a buffered metering output with 1 V = 10 V)
Note: PA = Power Amplifier
Remote I/O Connector Pinout Table
2–8 FM1000A User’s Manual
Section 3—Operation
This section provides general operating parameters of your power amplifier system and a detailed description of the front panel display.
Operation 3–1
+ DC Output
3.1 Initial Power-up Procedures
These steps summarize the operating procedures you should use for the initial operation of the power amplifier and power supply. More detailed information follows.
1. Ensure that the external remote control unit is properly connected (See the
Pin Out Description Table, Section 2.6, page 2–8 for proper pin configuration). If not using a remote control unit, pin 7 must be tied to ground pin 6.
2. Connect Antenna.
3. If using an external remote control, enable the power supply via the remote
I/O connector.
4. Turn on (flip up) the AC input circuit breaker located on the rear panel of the power supply (do not turn on the front panel power switch yet).
Outputs to
PA1000
Fan
Circuit Breaker
AC Input
Circuit Breaker
OFF OFF
Fans
Power
Control
DC Output
PS1000
Air Exhaust Vents
240 VAC IN
Illustration 3–1 PS1000 Back Panel Functions
5. Turn on the exciter (a Crown FM30 or equivalent) and adjust its RF power output level until the In Reference (In Ref) voltage, as indicated on the
PA1000 front panel Digital Multimeter, is between 0.4 and 0.8volts. This is not a drive dependent amplifier; therefore drive must be at a constant level regardless of main output power.
Note: The unit will not operate until the exciter is active.
3–2 FM1000A User’s Manual
6. Before power-up, place the Local/Remote switch (located on the Metering &
Control board behind the front panel) in the Local position and adjust the output power limit to the mid-level position using the Local Power Adjust, also on the Metering & Control board (see Illustration 3–2 below). The unit is normally shipped with this setting. See Section 2.6 for setting up remote operation and using the on-board remote buttons and other controls.
7. Turn on the main power switch located on the front panel of the power supply. (The unit typically takes 30 seconds to power up.)
Local/Remote
Slide Switch
On-board Remote
Power Adjust
Buttons
Local Power Adjust
Pot
Illustration 3–2 Local Power Adjust and Other Controls
8. Check the PA1000 parameters with the Digital Multimeter for a current (Tot
Current) of 20 to 30 amps and a voltage (PA Voltage) of 25 to 35 volts. If parameters are within range, increase the Local Power Adjust to the maxi-
Air Intakes/Filters
I
O
Power
®
Power Switch
Illustration 3–3 PS1000 Front Panel Functions mum level of desired operation.
Note: The Local Power Adjust pot is unconventional (CW lowers power).
9.Using an external remote control unit connected to the Remote I/O connector, adjust the PA1000 to the maximum power set by the Local Power Adjust.
(This prevents adjusting to higher than permitted power levels.)
Operation 3–3
10. Verify that the following conditions are present as indicated by the PA1000’s
Digital Multimeter: a.
In Ref—Should read between 0.4 and 0.8 volts (0.5 nominal, dependent upon power input level).
b.
SWR—Should read 1.05 to 1.5.
c.
ALC—Should read between 4.00 and 6.00 volts for 1.1 kW output (less for lower output or danger conditions, i.e. high SWR).
d.
Power Out—Should read 1.10 for 1.1 kW output.
e.
PA Temp—Should read 35 to 50°C with ambient temperature of 25°C.
The remainder of this section describes the functions of the front and rear panel indicators and switches of the PA1000 and PS1000.
3.2 Power Switches
3.2.1 AC Input Circuit Breaker
The PS1000 supplies power to the PA1000 by converting single-phase 220/240 VAC into 50 VDC. The PS1000 is protected by a 20 A, double-pole circuit breaker located on the rear panel. This AC input circuit breaker must be in the “up” position (as shown below) for operation.
AC Input
Circuit Breaker
ON ON
Fans
Power
Control
240 VAC IN
Illustration 3–4 AC Input Circuit Breaker
3–4 FM1000A User’s Manual
3.2.2 DC Power Switch
The main on/off power switch located on the front panel of the power supply controls high voltage output. (The control circuit activates this voltage.)
I
O
Power
®
Power Switch
Illustration 3–5 DC Power Switch
3.2.3 Interlock Switch
This switch is located on the fan mounting bracket in the power supply. When the top cover of the power supply is removed, the Interlock Switch interrupts the power supply control circuit disabling the high and low voltage supplies.
Lethal voltages are still present on the AC Input Board !
So, handle with care.
Interlock Switch
Operation
Illustration 3–6 Interlock Switch
3–5
3.3 Digital Multimeter
The 3–digit numeric display in the upper left corner of the front panel provides information on the amplifier’s operation. Use the “up” and “down” push-buttons to select one of the following parameters as indicated by a green LED.
Multimeter Metering Selection Buttons
Metering
In Ref
SWR
ALC
Power Out
PA Temp
PA Voltage
Tot Current
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
®
PA5
PA6
PA7
PA8
Metering Indicators
Fault
Antenna
RF Drive
PA Temp
PA DC
PA3
Illustration 3–7 Digital Multimeter
In Ref—Input reference is a relative voltage level used to determine input RF power level. This varies between frequency of operation and input power level.
SWR—Direct reading of the antenna Standing-Wave Ratio (the ratio of the actual load impedance to the desired 50 ohm load impedance).
ALC—Automatic level control is DC gain control bias used to regulate PA supply voltage. With the PA power supply at full output voltage, ALC will read about 6.0
volts. When the RF output is being regulated by the RF power control circuit, this voltage will be reduced, typically reading 5.0 to 6.0 volts. The ALC voltage will be reduced during PA DC overcurrent, SWR, or overtemperature conditions.
Power Out—Actually reads RF voltage squared, so the accuracy can be affected by
SWR. Tolerance of ± 10% is normal. For exact set-up on site, an external power meter is recommended.
PA Temp—Highest temperature of all individual RF power amplifier heatsinks in degrees C.
PA Voltage—Supply voltage of the RF power amplifier.
Tot Current—Sum total current of all individual RF power amplifiers in amperes.
PA1–8—Individual RF amplifier current reading in amperes.
3–6 FM1000A User’s Manual
3.4 Fault Indicators
Faults are indicated by illuminated red LED’s when the following occurs:
Antenna—Load SWR exceeds 1.5:1. ALC voltage is reduced to limit the reflected
RF power.
RF Drive—Lack of or insufficient RF drive. If the RF drive fault LED is lit, input drive must be increased. To achieve full output power, 30 watts of input drive is required.
CAUTION
Possible equipment damage!
Do not exceed 40 watts of input drive.
Damage to the PA1000 will result if this level is exceeded.
PA Temp—PA heatsink temperature is greater than 75°C (power foldback will begin at this point).
PA DC—Power supply current for the PA (power amplifier) is at the preset limit, or there is a difference of more than 2.5 amps in current between the individual PAs.
When this indicator is on ALC, the voltage is reduced automatically which holds the supply current to the preset limit.
Fault Indicators
Metering
In Ref
SWR
ALC
Power Out
PA Temp
PA Voltage
Tot Current
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
®
PA5
PA6
PA7
PA8
Fault
Antenna
RF Drive
PA Temp
PA DC
PA3
Fuses
PA4 PA7 PA8
Operation
Illustration 3–8 Fault Indicators
3–7
3.5 Fuse Indicators
The PA1000 consists of two field-replacable power modules with two amplifiers in each module. Each of the paralleled amplifiers is protected by a 10 ampere fast-acting fuse. When a fuse opens, the indicator light next to it illuminates.
Fuses 3 and 4 represent amplifiers 1 and 2 on the top right module. Fuses 7 and 8 represent amplifiers 3 and 4 on the lower right power module.
Fuses and Indicators
Power Out
PA Temp
PA Voltage
Tot Current
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
®
PA5
PA6
PA7
PA8
Fault
Antenna
RF Drive
PA Temp
PA DC
PA3
Fuses
PA4 PA7 PA8
Illustration 3–9 Fuse Indicators
3–8 FM1000A User’s Manual
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M
M ma in scr ive qu est ndo o m ondo, si di ce che n uno for se, se ma dic scr iam o ch ive ndo con la matita ci insegna a non erono due persone che abb iano on ha la dispozione parla re e che con la non c'e nulla nel mondo do fa rlo.
reale di matita ci insegna a non parla re
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, erono due persone che abb iano re do fa rlo.
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Section 4—Principles of Operation
This section discusses the circuit principles upon which the power amplifier and power supply function. This information is not needed for day-to-day operation, but may be useful for advanced users and service personnel.
Principles of Operation 4–1
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Introduction
The FM1000A is a solid state RF amplifier package designed to deliver 500 to 1000 watts. The package consists of two separate, compact units—a power supply
(PS1000) and a power amplifier (PA1000). In turn, these units consist of modular components which provide for efficient operation as well as ease-of-service.
4.1 PA1000 Power Amplifier
The PA1000 power amplifier features adjustable output to deliver 500–1000 watts of
RF output power for broadcast transmission. The amplifier is broadband; no tuning is required. The design, however, ensures efficient operation. Typical RF efficiency is 75% to 85% across the FM band.
4.1.1 Power Modules
The primary components of the PA1000 are two, 500–watt power modules. These power modules are mounted by stacking two in the right cavity of the chassis. The two slots on the left side are unpopulated.
The chassis of the power modules acts as a heat sink for the MOSFET amplifiers.
There are two power amplifiers mounted to spacer plates on each of the heat sinks, for a total of four power amplifiers in all. (The power amplifiers are the same as those utilized in the Crown Broadcast 100, 250, and 500–watt transmitters.)
Power from the amplifiers is combined through a micro-strip combiner to convert from 50
Ω
output impedance for each amplifier to an intermediate impedance and then return to the 50
Ω
output at the Low Pass Filter. This technology eliminates tuning and adjustments throughout the 88–108 FM band and enables each amplifier to equally share the power load. The power combiner is also designed to allow a module to be disconnected from the combiner and removed without adversely affecting the impedance balance of the unit. With one module removed the impedance change allows the remaining module to continue operation at approximately one-third of the full output power.
4.1.2 Power Combiner Board
There are two Power Combiner Boards; one attached to each of the two heatsinks overlapping the amplifiers. Each board takes the power from two amplifiers and combines it through a parallel quarter-wave transmission line transformer network.
The power is then summed in a common point junction on the Output Combiner
Board.
4–2 FM1000A User’s Manual
4.1.3 Backplane Assembly
The backplane assembly is located in the vertical center of the PA1000 behind the power modules. The Backplane Assembly is the common connection point for the major sections of the transmitter. This assembly consists of the Input Divider
Board, Output Combiner Board, and Backplane Interconnect Board.
4.1.3.1 Backplane DC Interconnect Board
This board is located nearest the metal inner brace of the chassis. It distributes DC power to each of the four MOSFET amplifiers, provides the interconnections for control of the power supply, and enables connection to the remote control interface. The Backplane/DC Interconnect Board contains interconnections from the
Control and Metering Board to the DC Fuse and Power Distribution Board, as well as power connections to the power amplifier modules.
4.1.3.2 Input Divider Board
The Input Divider Board is the middle board sandwiched between the Backplane DC
Interconnect Board and the Output Combiner Board. It provides the power division and impedance transformation needed to supply proper drive to each of the four amplifiers (two modules).
4.1.3.3 Output Combiner Board
The Output Combiner Board is located nearest the Output Filter It consists of a micro-strip transmission line that combines the output power from the four amplifiers (two modules) so that ultimately, all the power comes together at one common point junction. Here the currents and voltages of all four power amplifiers are in phase and producing equal RF output power. From this common point junction, the Output Combiner Board uses a second quarter-wave transformer to convert the output power to the 50–ohm impedance needed at the output of the unit.
4.1.4 Output Filter & Reflectometer
The Output Filter/Reflectometer is located behind the Backplane Assembly in the center of the PA1000. See the accompanying schematic in Section 6 for more information.
The ninth-order, elliptic, low-pass filter attenuates harmonics generated in the power amplifier. The capacitors for the filter are circuit board pads. The reflectometer uses printed circuit board traces for micro-strip transmission lines. Transmission line segments (with an impedance of about 100 ohms) on either side of a
50–ohm conductor provide sample voltages representative of the square root of forward and reverse power. DC voltages, representative of forward and reflected power, go through a bulkhead Filter Board to the Backplane/DC Interconnect
Board, then to the Metering Board where they are processed for power control and metering and for SWR metering and protection.
Principles of Operation 4–3
in for que sto mondo, se, u no si dice diciam o che se ma in for se ma scrivendo con que sto mondo, se, u diciam o che scrivendo con ma in for se ma scrivendo con que se, u no si dice diciam o che scrivendo con ma in for scrivendo con ques se, u no si dice se ma se ma diciam o che scrivendo con diciam o che scrivendo con
4.1.5 Metering and Control Board
The Metering and Control Board is located above the upper left cavity. This board supplies readings of voltages and currents, and provides information on the operation of the amplifier.
The Local Power Adjust pot sets the upper limit (maximum) of RF power output.
The on-board RAISE and LOWER push buttons and any external remote control of the power level is activated within that limit by placing the Local/Remote slide switch on the board into the Remote position. When a specific output power is set, the Metering and Control Board controls and maintains the setting keeping power constant. A long-life battery supplies power to retain the power setting after the amplifier is turned off.
This board also takes samples from the RF amplifier boards and PS1000 power supply and processes all the data. It provides SWR readings from the Output Filter and folds back the amplifier power if the SWR exceeds safe operating limits. Protection circuitry for overcurrent and overtemperature conditions is designed into this board as well, providing additional precaution against overheating. This board is fail-safe, like all the other circuit board components in the FM1000A and can be removed for repair/replacement if necessary.
4.1.6 DC Fuse and Power Distribution Board
This board is located above the right cavity over Power Modules A and B. The DC
Fuse and Power Distribution Board takes power direct from the power supply through one 80–amp power line, divides it into four separate DC power lines, and distributes it to the four power amplifiers. Metering resistors in each of the four power lines monitor the current drawn by each of the four amplifiers to ensure proper function for monitor and control of the unit.
4.1.7 Cooling Fans
There is a cooling fan located in the back of the PA1000 powered by the PS1000.
The fan operates at 24 volts and is rated at 235 cubic feet per minute. Cool air is drawn through the heatsinks where a flushing moves the air over the DC Distribution Fuse board, the Control and Metering Board, the Output Filter circuits, and then out through the air vents on the side panel. If a fan fails, the amplifier will fold back power to prevent overheating.
4.2 PS1000 Power Supply
The PS1000 supplies power to the PA1000 by converting single-phase 240
VAC into 50 VDC. The PS1000 is protected by a 20 A double-pole circuit breaker.
This highly efficient power supply utilizes switching technology and is power factor corrected. The PS1000 consists of three printed circuit boards described below.
4–4 FM1000A User’s Manual
4.2.1 AC Input Board
The AC Input Board is located on the left side of the PS1000. AC power from the circuit breaker connects to the AC Input Board where it connects to a ±12 volt DC power supply and three relays. The ±12 volts is used to close the three relays when the DC Power Switch on the front panel is switched on. In addition, the ±12 volts are supplied to the PA1000 for use in the Control and Metering Board. The 240volt AC input to the power supply is connected through a Hubble Twist Lock connector on the back panel to a 20–amp circuit breaker mounted inside the back panel.
When the power supply is turned on and enabled, the AC power comes through torroidal inductors which prevent harmonics and spurious products from feeding back into the AC power lines. The current flows from the inductors to a bridge rectifier that converts the current to DC Power, and from there to the PFC Switching Board where the rectified DC is filtered. The filtered DC power is then fed from the PFC Switching Board through an 80–turn boost inductor and back to the PFC
Switching Board.
4.2.2 PFC (Power Factor Correcting) Switching Board
The PFC Switching Board is located directly behind the cooling fans (front panel) in the PS1000. This board takes the voltage from the Torroidal Boost Inductor and sends it to the Boost Switching Transistor. The switching transistor chops the DC input power at a 25 kHz rate. The chopped voltage is then rectified, filtered, and sent as DC voltage to a set of four transistors which form a second switching stage.
The second switching stage chops the DC voltage at a 22.5 kHz rate. This chopped
DC power is fed through a blocking capacitor to a transformer on the DC Output
Board. The second switching stage controls the amount of power sent to the DC
Output Board. This ensures that the transformer output voltage and current are correct for providing the selected RF output power to the amplifier.
Principles of Operation 4–5
in for que sto mondo, se, u no si dice diciam o che se ma in for se ma scrivendo con que sto mondo, se, u diciam o che scrivendo con ma in for se ma scrivendo con que se, u no si dice diciam o che scrivendo con ma in for scrivendo con ques se, u no si dice se ma se ma diciam o che scrivendo con diciam o che scrivendo con
4.2.3 DC Output Board
The DC Output Board is located in the back of the unit directly behind the PFC
Switching Board. This board rectifies and filters the transformer output voltage once again to produce the clean DC power required for the power modules. The DC
Output Board also provides the 24–volts that operate the cooling fans in both the
PS1000 and the PA1000. There are two parallel paths from the DC Output Board, with half the power going through each set of output cables. These cables come together at the terminal in back of the unit providing the maximum output power of 50 volts at 60 amperes.
4.2.4 Cooling Fans
There are two cooling fans located in the front section of the PS1000. Their primary function is to cool the semiconductors used in the switching and rectifying process which are subject to high currents. The fans blow cool air through the heatsinks and out through the vents on the back and side panels of the PS1000.
The fans have a dedicated circuit breaker located on the back panel of the power supply.
4–6 FM1000A User’s Manual
Section 5—Troubleshooting
This section describes procedures for service personnel to diagnose and troubleshoot potential fault conditions in the power amplifier and power supply.
Troubleshooting 5–1
5.1 Troubleshooting Flow Chart Analysis
Is power output at the proper level?
Does your amplifier have output power?
Yes No
See Section 3.1
Initial Power-up procedures.
Are there any fault indicators?
Yes No
Is exciter delivering sufficient RF drive?
(Check In Ref meter reading.)
Yes No
See Section 3.1
Initial Power-up procedures.
Do you have power now?
Yes No
Is your exciter turned on?
Yes No
Yes No
Turn the exciter on.
Antenna: See
Section 5.3.1
RF Drive: See
Section 5.3.2
PA Temp: See
Section 5.3.3
PA DC: See
Section 5.3.4
Secure all connections to the
PS2000.
Ensure AC input circuit breaker is flipped up
Ensure main power switch is turned on.
Call Support—
See Section 8
5–2 FM1000A User’s Manual
5.2 Digital Multimeter Parameters
The following procedures are general in nature; for in-depth service, and repair see the Service & Support section of this manual.
Lethal voltages present!
Only technically qualified individuals shoud attempt troubleshooting or service procedures .
If any abnormal readings are displayed for any of the following parameters on the
Digital Multimeter, try troubleshooting in the following manner:
5.2.1 In Ref (Input Drive Reference)
If this indication of drive level is not between 0.4 and 0.8 volts, then: q Check the exciter to ensure proper power input level of 25–30 watts.
q Check RF input cable for secure connection.
5.2.2 SWR (Standing Wave Ratio)
If the SWR is over 1.5:1, then look for: q effects of inclement weather such as icing on the antenna and feed line.
q for moisture in the feedline.
q insecure antenna connections.
5.2.3 ALC (Automatic Level Control)
If this indication is not between 4.00 and 6.00 volts for 1.1 kW output, then: q Check for overheating (see PA Temp fault LED).
q Check for overcurrent (see PA DC fault LED).
q Check for high SWR (see Antenna fault LED).
5.2.4 Power Out
This reading is user adjustable, but for full output should read 1.10 for 1.1 kW.
q If lower than desired, check for proper input drive, and/or proper adjustment of the Local Power Control (see section 3.1 #6).
Troubleshooting 5–3
5.2.5 PA Temp
The meter should read between 35–50°C with an ambient temperature of 25°C. If temperature is 75°C or above, then check and do the following:
❑ Ambient temperature higher than 50°C; reduce temperature.
❑ Restricted air flow; remove any obstructions, clean dirty air filters by using mild detergent and warm water.
❑ Possible antenna mismatch; check for icing, moisture in the feedline, and secure antenna connections.
❑ Overcurrent: If PA DC fault indicator is flashing, monitor the current for a proper level—the total current and the current of individual Power Amps.
5.2.6 PA Voltage
Supply voltage to the RF power amplifiers should be 50 V. If it is not check:
❑ drive level to ensure proper power level input of 30 watts
❑ for high SWR
❑ for overcurrent; check PA DC fault indicator and if flashing, check current for proper levels (total and individual Power Amps)
❑ for overtemperature; ambient temperature higher than 50°C; reduce temperature. Check air flow; remove any obstructions and clean dirty air filters.
5.2.7 Tot Current
If total current reading is over 35 amperes, then check or do the following:
❑ Reduce power output; check all fault indicators and troubleshoot accordingly.
❑ If one or more of the 250–watt power modules has failed; replace.
❑ High SWR; check for icing, moisture in the feedline, and secure antenna connections.
5.2.8 PA1–8
If there is 2.5 amps or more difference between the individual PA current readings
(7 to 9 amps typical), then check the following:
❑ Failed/faulty power module (reading directly correlates to failed power module); replace.
❑ Blown individual power amplifier fuses 1–8; replace as indicated by red LED.
❑ Reduced power output; check all fault indicators and troubleshoot accordingly.
5–4 FM1000A User’s Manual
5.3 Fault Indicators
If one of the LED fault indicators is illuminated red, troubleshoot using the following suggestions:
5.3.1 Antenna
Antenna mismatch.
❑ Effects from inclement weather conditions such as icing.
❑ Check for moisture in the feedline.
❑ Secure antenna connections.
5.3.2 RF Drive
Denotes lack of or insufficient drive level.
❑ Ensure proper drive level of 25–30 watts input power.
❑ Check RF input cable for secure connection.
5.3.3 PA Temp
Temperature has reached the internal preset limit for safe operation (75°C).
❑ Ambient temperature higher than 50°C; reduce temperature.
❑ Restricted air flow; remove any obstructions, clean dirty air filters by using mild detergent and warm water.
❑ Antenna mismatch; check for icing, moisture on the feedline, and secure antenna connections.
❑ Overcurrent; check PA DC fault indicator, if flashing monitor current for proper levels (total and individual Power Amps).
❑ Faulty DC Output Board; replace (see Section 7, Service & Support).
❑ Faulty or non-functioning cooling fan; determine the cause for malfunction in the following section.
5.3.3.1 Potential Causes for Non-functioning Cooling Fans
The PA1000 has one and the PS1000 has two cooling fans each. All three fans are powered by the same circuit of the PS1000. There are two potential causes for a non-functioning fan or fans:
1. If a single fan does not operate, the fan is faulty and must be replaced. (See
Section 7, Service & Support.)
2. If none of the fans operate, a blown circuit breaker, a short circuit in the
PS1000, or a damaged winding on the main transformer of the DC Output
Board (in the PS1000) is the cause. In this case, do one of the following:
Troubleshooting 5–5
a. The circuit breaker is located on the rear panel of the power supply. If the breaker has popped out, reset it by pushing it in. If the breaker continues to trip, check for a short circuit.
b. Check each fan with a volt-ohm meter by disconnecting and testing it for a short circuit. Replace the fan/fans as needed (see Section 7).
c. If none of the fans have short circuits, there is damage on the winding of the transformer. It will have to be replaced (see Section 7).
5.3.4 PA DC
Discrepancy in current between the individual amplifiers, or in total current.
❑ There is a difference of current greater than 2.5 amps between any one of the
4 individual amplifiers. This could occur as a result of a blown or faulty power module, or a blown fuse; replace as appropriate (see Section 7, Service &
Support).
❑ There is too much total current—power foldback will occur above maximum total amperage of 35 amps due to antenna mismatch. Examine the antenna for arcing and moisture. Also, check output power for proper current; the RF detection circuit could malfunction causing an overcurrent situation.
5.3.5 Multiple Indicators
Call your Crown Broadcast service representative. See Section 7, Service and
Support, for contact information.
®
5–6
Metering
In Ref
SWR
ALC
Power Out
PA Temp
PA Voltage
Tot Current
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
PA6
PA7
PA8
®
Fault
Antenna
RF Drive
PA Temp
PA DC
PA1 PA2 PA3 PA4
Fuses
PA5 PA6 PA7
PA8
I
O
Power
®
FM1000A User’s Manual
Section 6—Reference Drawings
The illustrations in this section may be useful for making adjustments, taking measurements, troubleshooting, or understanding the circuitry of your RF power amplifier and power supply.
Reference Drawings 6–1
6.1 Views
Metering
In Ref
SWR
ALC
Power Out
PA Temp
PA Voltage
Tot Current
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
®
PA5
PA6
PA7
PA8
Fault
Antenna
RF Drive
PA Temp
PA DC
PA3
Fuses
PA4 PA7 PA8
I
O
Power
®
Illustration 6–1 Front View
+ DC Input
DC Input
Ground Screws
RF Monitor
(Optional Connection)
Air Intakes/Filters
RF Input
Remote I/O
6–2
RF Output
PA1000
+ DC Output
DC Output
PS1000
Air Exhaust Vents
Illustration 6–2 Back View
Control
Circuit Breakers
OFF
OFF
Fans
Power
Control
240 VAC IN
FM1000A User’s Manual
6.2 Diagrams and Schematics
30 W Exciter
(Crown FM30)
RF Input
Excitation PA1000
Power Amplifier
Power Supply
Control
PS1000
Power Supply
0–50 VDC
PA Supply
1 kW RF
Power Output
Remote I/O
Connector
240 VAC
50/60 Hz Input Power
Single Phase
Illustration 6–3 FM1000A Block Diagram
Reference Drawings 6–3
AC INPUT
240 VAC
NEUTRAL
GROUND
AC
CIRCUIT
BREAKER AC
INPUT
CCA
POWER
SWITCH
9-PIN
DSUB
PS CONTROL
RECTIFIER
220 VDC
PFC &
CONTROL
CCA
+/ 12 VDC
VOLTAGE
BOOST
INDUCTOR
360 VDC
360 VDC
CONTROL
DC
OUTPUT
CCA
+ 0 to 50 VDC
RETURN
Illustration 6–4 PS1000 Block Diagram
VR1
LM2586-ADJ
SW2
AC Power
SW1
DC Power
(FRONT PANEL)
CB1A
15A
J1
220-240
VAC IN
REAR PANEL
CB1B
15A
R1
PTC
T1
D3
1N4004
D4
1N4004
MOV1
V217HA40
MOV2
V271HA40
UNCONTROLLED
UNLESS OTHERWISE MARKED IN RED INK BY CM AS
A CONTROLLED COPY, COPIES OF THESE
DOCUMENTS INCLUDING ASSOCIATED ELECTRONIC
REPRODUCTIONS ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.
R10
10.0K
C11
220
50V
R9
1.10K
D5
2N5822
C12
47
20V
L4
330UH
L5
330UH
D6
2N5822
C13
220
50V
C14
220
50V
THESE DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE THE
PROPERTY OF INTERNATIONAL RADIO AND
ELECTRONICS CORP., AND SHALL NOT BE
REPRODUCED, COPIED, OR USED AS THE BASIS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR SALE OF APPARATUS
OR DEVICES WITHOUT PERMISSION.
+12V
-12V
C15
1.0
C16
1.0
-12V
+12V
HD3
HEADER 5X2
5
7
1
3
9
6
8
2
4
10
To DC OUTPUT BOARD
R5
1K
C10
.001
+12V
R7
1K
C1
.0033
250VAC
C2
.0033
250VAC
MOV3 MOV4
Q1
IRFD9113
POWER OFF/ON
1
2
HD2
From PFC Switcher Board
U1
4N37N
1
2
5
4
R8
10K
Q2
IRFD9113
R2
5 PTC
R3
5 PTC
K1
RELAY 24V
K3
RELAY 24V
L1
R4
5.6
3W
C6
.47
250VAC
C3
1.5UF/630V
650-ohm
K2
RELAY 24V
D1
1N4004
-12V
D2
1N4004
C4
.0033
250VAC
L2
100UH
C5
.0033
250VAC
L3
100UH
C7
.0033
250VAC
C9
1.5
630v
C8
.0033
250VAC
_______
1. ALL RESISTORS ARE IN OHMS,
1/4W, 5% UNLESS OTHERWISE
SPECIFIED.
2. ALL CAPACITORS ARE IN
MICROFARADS UNLESS
OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.
GND CHASSIS
GND EARTH
GND FIELD SIGNAL
GND SIGNAL
TITLE:
SIZE
B
SCH, FM2K POWER SUPPLY AC INPUT
DWG. NO.
Q43521-6
SCALE: NONE PROJ NO.
103
L100
D1
BDF01
R100
.04 OHM
SHEET 10 OF 10
Reference Drawings
REV
J
6-5
6-6
R2
1.50K
C7
.001
C1
.001
BRIDGE-
J1
-
R1
0.04
15W
3%
+
R7
100
1.0
R3
C6
4.02K
R4
4.02K
DS1
1N5818
BRIDGE+
J2
R8
300
5%
C3
.001
R10
1K
C2
.001
(25KHZ)
IND1
C22
.001
J3
C15
.0047
3KV
C44
.0033
250VAC
R54
4.99K
R9
20K
R11
4.3K
5%
C5
10
DS3
1N5818
DS4
1N5818
Q1
2N5210
* Install R58.
R58 for AC current foldback.
NOT ON PWB
T2 80t
5t
HD1
C4
.01
R5
511K
.5W
R6
511K
.5W
HD2
R34
4.7K
5%
R60
2.74K
R50
1K
D6
1N4148
D7
1N4148
D8
1N4148
R51
20
1%
D9
1N4148
C37
1.0
C27
0.1
C28
0.1
IND2
J4
R56
100K
*
C16
.001
R12
75K
R17
6KV
OPEN
3W
C14
4.7
D4
1N4004
75K
R32
22
5%
C17
47
R57
100K
D10
1N4148
R58
10K
*
C49
10
35V
C8
.047
C9
.47
R15
330K
5%
2
1
4
3
6
5
8
7
6
5
4
8
7
3
2
1
U1
LT1248
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
13
14
15
16
9
10
11
12
R55
22.1K
D1
HFA25TB60
R33
4.7K
5%
DL1
LED
DS2
1N5822
T3
C40
4.7
400VDC
25V
L1
JUMPER
QF1
IGBT, 600V 50A FAST
C10
1.0
R18
10
C11
.01
R19
10
R20
20K
J5
XFMR1
J6
XFMR2
C12
.0039
C20
10
R25
511K
.5W
R26
511K
.5W
C23
470
C25
470
C50
1.5
630VDC
C24
470
C26
470
R23
15K
3W 5%
R24
15K
3W 5%
D2
1N4004
DZ2
24V
2
VR1
7815CT
IN OUT
3
C19
1000
4 1N5818
DS7
DS9
1
2
T1
XFMR
GATE
5
6
3
4
R42
10
R41
10K
QF2
IGBT, 600V 50A FAST
R43
10K
R44
10
QF3
IGBT, 600V 50A FAST
C21
47
R31
10
C43
.01
C41
.01
DS8
DS10
R30
5.11K
C30
.01
C31
47
C38
.001
6KV
C39
.001
6KV
R52
33
2W 5%
R53
33
2W 5%
10
9
8
5
4
7
6
3
2
1
U2
UC3875
7
6
5
10
9
8
2
1
4
3
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
IGBT, 600V 50A FAST
15VDC
C42
.01
C35
.0015
QF5
QF4
IGBT, 600V 50A FAST
R39
75K
R46
10
R48
10
R40
5.11K
R47
10K
R49
10K
R27
20.5K
C51
.001
R14
1K
C29
.001
C33
1.0
R37
75K
C34
330PF
(22.5KHZ)
5
6
3
4
1
T2
XFMR
GATE
2
C36
.01
R38
10
DS12
1N5818
DS11
1N5818
C13
.01
R21
15K R22
Q2
2K
2N5087
R16
4.3K
5%
2N5087
Q3
R28
10K
R29
10K
D3
1N4004
C45
.001
R59
3.32K
C47
.001
R45
3.01K
C32
.001
DL3
AMBER
R35
6.81K
R36
3.01K
C48
.001
C18
.001
6
5
4
1
B
C
A
E
U4
4N37
NC
K
2
3
1
2
A
K
3
NC
U3
4N37
B
C
E
4
6
5
C46
.001
DS13
1N5818
DS14
1N5818
D12
0 OHM
HD3
1
2
3
4
5
6
D11
0 OHM
HD4
1
2
HD5
1
2
HD6
1
2
R62
4.7K
5%
DL2
LED
GND CHASSIS
GND FIELD SIGNAL
GND SIGNAL
1. ALL RESISTORS ARE IN OHMS,
1/4W, 1% UNLESS OTHERWISE
SPECIFIED.
2. ALL CAPACITORS ARE IN
MICROFARADS UNLESS
OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.
UNCONTROLLED
UNLESS OTHERWISE MARKED IN RED INK BY CM AS
A CONTROLLED COPY, COPIES OF THESE
DOCUMENTS INCLUDING ASSOCIATED ELECTRONIC
REPRODUCTIONS ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.
THESE DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE THE
PROPERTY OF INTERNATIONAL RADIO AND
ELECTRONICS CORP., AND SHALL NO BE
REPRODUCED, COPIED, OR USED AS THE BASIS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF DEVICES WITHOUT
PERMISSION.
TITLE:
SCH, FM2K PWR SUP PFC SWITCHER
SIZE
C
SCALE: NONE
DWG. NO.
PROJ NO.
Q43522-4
103
SHEET 10 0F 10
REV
L
FM1000 User's Manual
1 2 3 4 5
E . C . N.
REV
C
6
REVISION HISTORY
DESCRIPTION
REDRAWN ON IREC FORMAT, AND ADDED U2,D16,L5,C20-21,R20-21
7
DATE
01/17/05
DWN
DW
8
APPROVALS
CHK CM
DW
PE
F
E
D
C
B
A
J5
1
TO
FAN FUSE
J6
1
B_L_SHT1_A.DOT REV. A
1
J1
1
1
T1
12
11
13,14
C15
.0047
15,16,17,18
J2
1
2
19,20
9,10
C17
.0047
5,6,7,8
3,4
HD1
5
7
1
3
9
6
8
2
4
10
HEADER 5X2
7
U1B
LM358
6
5
+12V
R14
10
3W
R16
10
3W
+27V
L5
150uH
FAN +24VDC
D7
MBR3100
D8
1
5
3
Vin
ON/OFF
U2
OUT
FEEDBACK
GND
LM2596T-ADJ
2
4
D16
MUR420
D5
MBR3100
D6
C13
1
+
C14
220/35V
C20
470pF
R20
18.7K
1%
+
C21
220/35V
MBR3100 MBR3100
C19
R21
1.0K
1%
R19
10
3W
D1
.0047
R15
10
3W
C16
.0047
D9
MUR130
D10
MUR130
BYV44-300
D2
D13
MUR130
L1
89 uH
C1
3300
+
L2
89 uH
C2
3300
+
J3
3
4
1
2
4 HEADER
TO RF PA'S
50V 24A
C3
1
BYV44-300
D3
2
D11
BYV44-300
R17
10
3W
C18
.0047
MUR130
D12
MUR130 D4
D14
MUR130
L3
89 uH
C4
3300
+
L4
89 uH
C5
3300
+
C6
1
3
4
1
2
J4
4 HEADER
TO RF PA'S
50V 24A
C11
220pF
BYV44-300
C7
.47/160V
+
C8
.47/160V
+
R13
100K
R7
234K
1%
R1
1K
5W
R5
1K
5W
HD3
HEADER 3
INT/EXT
D15
R6
15K
1/2W
1N4004
C9
0.1
DZ1
16V
R9
51K
1%
R10
10K
LOCAL
CONTROL
NOTES:
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED:
1. ALL RESISTORS ARE IN OHMS, 1/4W, 5% TOL.
2. ALL CAPACITORS ARE IN MICROFARADS.
ALC
FAN +24VDC
HD2
3
4
1
2
5
6
HEADER 6
FAN GND
FAN +24VDC
R2
5.11K
1%
1
.1
UNCONTROLLED
UNLESS OTHERWISE MARKED IN RED INK BY CM AS A
CONTROLLED COPY, COPIES OF THESE DOCUMENTS
INCLUDING ASSOCIATED ELECTRONIC REPRODUCTIONS
ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.
3
R3
C10
1M
1%
U1A
2
3
LM358
R4
510K
C12
.01
R8
10K
1%
R18
5.11K
1%
THESE DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE THE PROPERTY OF
INTERNATIONAL RADIO AND ELECTRONICS CORP.
AND ARE NOT TO BE REPRODUCED, COPIED OR USED AS THE BASIS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR SALE OF APPARATUS OR
DEVICES WITHOUT PERMISSION.
4 5
ALC
R11
2.0K
1%
R12
3.01K
1%
CONTROL
0-6VDC IN
(5V FOR 50V OUT)
DWN
CHK
CM
PE
APPROVALS
DW 01/17/05
DW 01/17/05
DISTRIBUTION
FILENAME:
6
200983-SCH
IREC
INTERNATIONAL RADIO AND ELECTRONICS CORP.
25166 LEER DRIVE ELKHART, IN. 46514
574-262-8900 WWW.IREC1.COM
TITLE:
SIZE
B
SCH, POWER SUPPLY DC OUTPUT
DWG . NO .
200983-SCH
1 OF 1
SCALE : NONE PROJ NO.
533
8
SHEET
REV.
C
A
7
B
C
E
F
Reference Drawings 6-7
Illustration 6–5 PA1000 Block Diagram
RF INPUT
(Back Panel)
BNC 1
R2
82
D1
1N6263
C3
.001
C2
47PF NP0
R4
10
RF
OUTPUT
R3
10
C1
47PF NP0
R1
82
R5
20K
R7
20K
C5
.01
R
E
F
L
F
W
D
C6
.01
R8
20K
R6
20K
D2
1N5263
C4
.001
1 2 3 4 5
HD1
RF IN
Reference Drawings
1. ALL RESISTORS ARE IN OHMS,
1/4W, 5% UNLESS OTHERWISE
SPECIFIED.
2. ALL CAPACITORS ARE IN
MICROFARADS UNLESS
OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.
3. C1201-1209A,1217 are circuit board pads.
RF Input
Reflectometer & Splitter
J0744-3m
PA1000 RF Input
6–9
6–10
NOTES : ______________
R1112 5.6
5.6 2W
C6 1.0
U1 LM35DZ
SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED, OR USED AS THE BASIS FOR THE MANUF
500 W Power Amp
FM1000A User’s Manual
Reference Drawings
RF Output Combiner
6–11
6–12
RF OUTPUT FILTER & REFLECTOMETER
FM1000A User’s Manual
Reference Drawings
Note: All bypass capacitors are 0.01 mf
Backplane Distribution
6–13
6–14
Ribbon Cables and Connectors
Ribbon Cables and Connectors
FM1000A User's Manual
RF FWD
RF REV
DRIVE REV
DRIVE FWD
PATEMP 1-2
PATEMP 3-4
PATEMP 5-6
PATEMP 7-8
R1
1K
R108
220K
R12
1K
R109
220K
R36
1K
R110
220K
R39
1K
R42
OPEN
R112
220K
R44
1K
R113
220K
R46
OPEN
R153
220K
R48
1K
R154
220K
C9
1nF
9
-
10
+
8
C10
1nF
1 3
Viewed from front panel
69
PS /POWER ON
REM /PWR ON
C4
1nF
6
-
5
+
U1B
TL074
7
C5
1nF
R142
100
2
-
3
+
+12V
U1A
TL074
1
C2
1nF
-12V
C11
1nF
13
-
12
+
U1D
TL074
14
C12
1nF
+12V C14
1nF
8
R43
OPEN
C13
OPEN
2
-
3
+
6
-12V
1
U5A
TL074
C16
1nF
D6
OPEN
-
5
+
7
R45
10K
D7
1N4148
C15
1nF
C18
1nF
R47
OPEN
D8
OPEN
C17
OPEN
9
-
10
+
C20
1nF
R49
10K
13
-
12
+
14
D9
1N4148
C19
1nF
IN'LK 2
IN'LK 1
* DIFFERENTIAL PA ERROR CURRENT SENSE.
R158 = OPEN: HIGHEST-LOWEST = 2.4 AMP.
R158 = 240K: HIGHEST-LOWEST = 1.2 AMP.
R2
22K
D1
1N6263
D2
1N6263
R13
22K
D3
1N6263
R38
22K
D4
1N6263
R40
22K
PS /POWER ON
(SPARE)
ALC
-12V IN
GND
+12V IN
REM PA TEMP
REM ALC
FAULT SUM
REM /PWR ON
REM PWR CTRL
REM /PWR RAISE
REM /PWR LOWER
(SPARE)
REM RF DRIVE
GND
GND
GND
GND
(SPARE)
PATEMP 7-8
PATEMP 5-6
PATEMP 1-2
TEMP V+
PATEMP 3-4
SH HI 4
SH HI 5
SH HI 6
SH HI 7
SH HI 8
PAV SENSE
MEM BATT
NO PIN
NO PIN
NO PIN
NO PIN
PL1
HDR 72
54
56
58
60
46
48
50
52
38
40
42
44
28
30
32
34
36
62
64
66
68
70
72
20
22
24
26
12
14
16
18
2
4
6
8
10
53
55
57
59
45
47
49
51
37
39
41
43
27
29
31
33
35
61
63
65
67
69
71
19
21
23
25
11
13
15
17
1
3
5
7
9
NO PIN
SH LO 1
SH HI 1
SH LO 2
SH HI 2
SH LO 3
SH HI 3
SH LO 4
SH LO 5
SH LO 6
SH LO 7
SH LO 8
+50V
IN'LK 1
IN'LK 2
RF FWD
RF REV
DRIVE FWD
DRIVE REV
REM RF POWER
REM SWR
REM PAV
REM PAIT
REM PAI1
REM PAI2
REM PAI3
REM PAI4
REM PAI5
REM PAI6
REM PAI7
REM PAI8
NO PIN
NO PIN
GND
GND
NO PIN
Metering Card Edge Connector
2 4 70 72
+12V IN
GND
TEMP V+
71
R15
510
R14
100K
SH HI 8
(40mv/A)
SH LO 8
C3
.01
+12V
2
3
1
U2A
MC33282
-12V
+12V
R17
10K
2
-
3
+
1
R19
10K
D11
1N4148
R6
3.3K
-12V
R23
10K
R218
OPEN
R138
OPEN
Q12
2N5087
100uA/A
OUTPUT REV
INPUT FWD
INPUT REV
+5V +5.00
POWER CAL
R3
100K
R4
10k
R37
100K
R41
100K
R52
100K 1%
13
-
12
+
14
U3D
TL074
R51
24.9K
SH HI 1
SH LO 1
SH HI 2
SH LO 2
SH HI 3
SH LO 3
SH HI 4
SH LO 4
SH HI 5
SH LO 5
SH HI 6
SH LO 6
SH HI 7
SH LO 7
R5
62K
R16
10K
2N5210
Q14
R201
OPEN
R202
OPEN
R203
OPEN
R204
OPEN
R205
100 1%
R206
100 1%
R207
100 1%
R208
100 1%
R209
OPEN
R210
OPEN
R211
OPEN
R212
OPEN
R213
100 1%
R214
100 1%
R215
100 1%
R216
100 1%
R21
1K
R25
10K
R22
10K
C102
1nF
R53
100
C70
1nF
D5
1N4148
R26
100K
R60
100
R121
OPEN
C40
OPEN
R122
OPEN
R130
100 1%
C49
1nF
R131
100 1%
C50
1nF
R133
OPEN
C52
OPEN
R134
OPEN
C53
OPEN
R124
OPEN
C43
OPEN
R125
OPEN
C44
OPEN
R127
100 1%
C46
1nF
R128
100 1%
C47
1nF
R136
OPEN
R137
OPEN
C56
OPEN
R139
100 1%
C58
1nF
R140
100 1%
C59
1nF
R143
100 1%
C61
1nF
R24
10K
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
8
7
6
5
8
7
6
5
Q1
LM394
8
7
6
5 Q2
LM394
SWR clamp @ <200W
REM RF DRIVE
REM PA TEMP
2
3
6
5
6
5
2
3
2
3
6
5
2
3
6
5
PA+5V
PA-5V
PA+5V
PA-5V
PA+5V
PA-5V
PA+5V
PA-5V
1
U16A
OPEN
R7
49.9K
6
5
R8
49.9K
7
U2B
MC33282
D10
1N4148
6
5
DENOM
+12V
C6
.01
2
3
-12V
1
U4A
MC33282
R28
49.9K
-5V
-5V
R20
3.3K
NUMER
C7
.01
1
2
3
4
Q3
LM394
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
8
7
6
5
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
8
7
6
5
U4B
7
MC33282
R27
3.3K
Q4
LM394
7
U16B
OPEN
1
7
U18B
OPEN
PAV SENSE
C42
OPEN
C45
OPEN
1
U17A
MC33282
C48
.01
7
U17B
MC33282
C51
.01
C57
OPEN
1
U19A
MC33282
C60
.01
7
U19B
MC33282
C63
.01
100uA/A
8
U3C
TL074
R54
49.9K
Q6
OPEN
100uA/A
R221
OPEN
Q7
OPEN
100uA/A
Q8
2N5087
100uA/A
Q9
2N5087
100uA/A
R56
10.0K
R126
OPEN
R129
4.99K
R220
OPEN
Q10
OPEN
100uA/A
R132
4.99K
R219
OPEN
R135
OPEN
Q13
2N5087
100uA/A
R141
4.99K
R123
OPEN
R145
4.99K
-
9
+
10
R57
1.15K
+5.00
+12V
2
-
3
+
9
-
10
+
9
-
10
+
C21
1nF
8
U8C
TL074
-12V
6
-
5
+
U24B
TL074
7 .5V/A
13
-
12
+
+12V
14
U24D
TL074
.5V/A
2
-
3
+
-12V
6
-
5
+
13
-
12
+
SWR CAL
R222 OPEN
R29
10K
R30
5.1K
R31
12K
R32
510
1 .5V/A
8 .5V/A
1
.5V/A
7 .5V/A
9
-
10
+
U25C
TL074
8
.5V/A
14
6
-
5
+
C34
1nF
7
OUTPUT FWD
10mv per degree C.
.5V/A
R58
100
C71
1nF
R11
100
R9
10.0K
R10
1.15K
R35
100
R33
10.0K
C8
1nF
REM PAV
R146
1.0K
2
3
4.3K
+12V
R156
-12V
1N4148'S
REM RF POWER
REM /PWR RAISE
REM /PWR LOWER
REM SWR
R34
1.15K
POWER RANGE
1
R150
OPEN
U26A
MC33282
+12v
1%
R157
10K
R107
1.15K
*
RF output power is limited by the lower of:
Remote RAISE/LOWER step circuit, or
Remote PWR CTRL analog input, or
Front panel OUTPUT control.
6
5
-12V
SW3
RAISE
R217
1K
R149
100K
R174
10K
R176
10K
R173
+5V
51K
R175
51K
C95
1UF
R64
10K
12
13
1
2
U29A
74HC132
C94
1UF
U29D
74HC132
2
-
3
+
3
11
(DETERMINED BY DIR. CPLR. SENSITIVITY.)
+12V
-12V
R77
1M
7
R78
1K
R79
1K
FOLDBACK
CAL.
R224
0
R223
OPEN
R80
10K
R227
OPEN
+5V
+5V
R82
7.5K
+12V
2
-
3
+
9
-
10
+
R81
OPEN
R85
1M
1
R83
120K
R61
ZERO
-12V
+5.00
+5V
R65
20K
R75
100K
6
-
5
+
R76
24.9K
(1.5:1)
49.9K FOR 2:1
R84
20K
-12V
PA LIMIT
R59
1K
+5V
MEM BATT
C105
1nF
1
R177
240K
U29B
74HC132
4
5
9
10
8
U29C
74HC132
C26
0.1
R178
3.3K
6
8
C25
0.1
D12
1N4148
D39
1N4004
D37
1N4148
R179
10K
D38
1N4148
D14
1N4148
D15
1N4148
D16
1N4148
D17
1N4148
R67
51K
D40
1N4004
C97
3300UF/16V
15
1
10
9
U30
74HCT193
A
B
C
D
11
14
5
4
UP
DN
LOAD
CLR
QA
QB
QC
QD
CO
BO
3
2
6
7
12
13
15
1
10
9
11
14
5
4
A
B
C
D
QA
QB
QC
QD
UP
DN
LOAD
CLR
CO
BO
U31
74HCT193
3
2
6
7
12
13
D52
1N4148
REM PWR CTRL
R155
OPEN
D53
1N4148
R181
1K
C99
1nF
R182
1K
C103
1nF
6
-
5
+
U33B
TL074
DZ3
6.2V
7
D41
1N4148
LSB
MSB
+5.00
R183
4.99K
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
B8
B7
B6
B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
14
15
VR+
VR-
U32
DAC0800
R180
4.99K
IOUT
IOUT
COMP
VLC
POWER SET
4
2
16
1
13
12
C98
.01
-
+
-12V
R62
1K
14
+5.00
R63
510
D13
1N4148
C23
0.1
R69
10K
OPEN
R226
0
R225
(0.6v at 6v)
R72
100
DRIVE
SWR
ALC
KW OUT
PA TEMPERATURE
PA DC VOLTS
PA DC AMPS
REM ALC
19.99
19.99
19.99
19.99
199.9
199.9
199.9
9
10
+12V
2
-
3
+
-
+
-12V
U33C
TL074
13
14
15
12
1
5
2
4
1
X0
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
C100
1nF
8
D42
1N4148
D43
1N4148
U9
6
11
10
9
INH
A
B
C
74HC4051
X
3
R70
100K C24
1nF
R71
100
ALC
R73
10.0K
6
-
5
+
7
+5V
FAULT SUM
R74
1.15K
-12V
R89
120K
+5V
R90
100K
1 2
D18
1N4148
R97
10K
11 10
U7E
74HC14
SWR LAMP
DL1
RED
R200
100
C72
1nF
+50V
R152
10K
R91
120K
R92
100K
3 4
D19
1N4148
DRIVE LAMP
12
13
C64
.01
R93
120K
R96
100K
R94
100K
5
9
D20
1N4148
6
U7C
74HC14
PATEMP LAMP
D21
DL2
RED
DL3
RED
+12V IN
C22
100PF
R148
10K 1%
7
U26B
MC33282
R86
5.1K
13
12
-
+
R18
200K
.05V/A
C69
1nF
14
U8D
TL074
D35
1N4148
13
-
12
+
D26
1N4148
R88
OPEN
14
R151
100
D36
6.2V
56K
REM PAIT
R161
C28
.01
R95
56K
SW1
UP
R114
10K
C37
.01
+5V
SW2
DOWN
C38
.01
R115
510K
R116
100K
R117
100K
8
U7D
74HC14
1
2
4
5
C29
1UF
U14A
74HC132
C39
1UF
U14B
74HC132
3
R118
3.3K
6
13
PADC LAMP
R98
220K
12
U7F
74HC14
D22
1N4148
D23
1N4148
+5V
R103
1M
DL4
RED
R99
510
15
1
10
9
5
4
11
14
A
B
C
D
U15
QA
QB
QC
QD
UP
DN
LOAD
CLR
CO
BO
74HC193
3
2
6
7
12
13
C84
1UF
1
2
3
SW5
Switch
LOCAL ONLY
+12V
R186
3.3K
DPM IN
R172
24.9K
R100
100K
(1.999V reads "1999" FULL SCALE)
RFC1
33UH
RFC3
33UH
11
C83
47UF/20V
2
+12V
+12V
DZ4
ICTE-12
C104
1nF
+12V
DZ5
ICTE-12
RFC4
33UH
-12V IN
-12V
C87
1UF
+12V
2
3
5
U28
IN
TEMP
TRIM
REF02
OUT
6
+5.00
-12V
9
10
U14C
74HC132
8
R119
150
+5V
U?
6
7
TSC4429
C88
1UF
C89
1UF
C66
100UF
63V
RFC2
470UH
100's
C30
0.1
3
U11
74HC4051
X X0
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
INH
A
B
C
6
11
10
9
13
14
15
12
1
5
2
4
C73
1UF
C90
1UF
TENS
R101
470K
D24
1N5822
D25
1N5822
2
47UF/20V
C68
47UF/20V
IN
VR1
7805
OUT
DECIMAL POINT
UNITS
C32
0.1
C31
0.1
C67
3
C85
1UF
2
VR2
79L05
IN OUT
3
DP10
DP100
DL6
DL7
DL8
DL9
DL10
DL11
DL12
DL13
DL14
C82
47UF
20v
U?
DISP-40
R102
100K
R104
10.0K
DPM REF
C36
0.1
DZ1
6.2V
DZ2
6.2V
C91
1UF
C86
1UF
F.S.
19.99
19.99
19.99
19.99
199.9
199.9
199.9
19.99
19.99
+5V
-5V
DP10
DP100
R170
510
R171
510
DRIVE
SWR
ALC
POWER OUT
PA VOLTS
PA AMPS
PA1
PA2
PA+5V
PA-5V
C92
1UF
PA TEMP
+5.00
VDD
VCC
+5V
VSS
VEE
-5V
R160
4.3K
-12V
C74
OPEN
+12V
4
-12V
U1,3,5,6,8,24,25
11
UNLESS OTHERWISE
SPECIFIED:
1. ALL RESISTORS ARE IN OHMS,
1/4W, 5% TOL.
2. ALL CAPACITORS ARE IN
MICROFARADS.
C75
OPEN
C76
1nF
C77
1nF
8
U2,4,26,29
4
C78
OPEN
C79
OPEN
1,8
U27
4,5
C80
1nF
7
U28
4
C81
1nF
+5V
-5V
R162
R163
R164
R165
R166
R167
R168
R169
UNCONTROLLED
1
U13
26
UNLESS OTHERWISE MARKED IN RED INK BY CM AS
A CONTROLLED COPY, COPIES OF THESE
DOCUMENTS INCLUDING ASSOCIATED ELECTRONIC
REPRODUCTIONS ARE FOR REFERENCE ONLY.
PA1
PA2
PA3
PA4
PA5
PA6
PA7
PA8
OPEN
OPEN
100
100
OPEN
OPEN
100
100
16
U9,10
7 8
REM PAI1
REM PAI2
REM PAI3
REM PAI4
REM PAI5
REM PAI6
REM PAI7
REM PAI8
19.99
19.99
19.99
19.99
19.99
19.99
19.99
19.99
14
U7,14
7
.5V PER AMP
.5V PER AMP
.5V PER AMP
.5V PER AMP
.5V PER AMP
.5V PER AMP
.5V PER AMP
.5V PER AMP
16
U11,12
7,8
16
U15
8
PAV+6
7
U16-23
4
PAV-6
THESE DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS ARE THE
PROPERTY OF CROWN INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND
SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED, COPIED, OR USED
AS THE BASIS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR SALE
OF APPARATUS OR DEVICES WITHOUT PERMISSION.
R159
100K
13
14
15
12
1
5
2
4
6
11
10
9
X0
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
INH
A
B
C
U10
74HC4051
X
3
TITLE:
SIZE
D
SCALE
R120
150
3
U12
74HC4051
X X0
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
INH
A
B
C
13
14
15
12
1
5
2
4
6
11
10
9
SCH, FM1K CONTROL & METERING
DWG. NO.
NONE PROJ NO.
102120
MFM2000
DL15
DL16
DL17
DL18
DL19
DL20
ALL GRN
19.99
19.99
19.99
19.99
19.99
PA3
PA4
PA5
PA6
PA7
PA8
SHEET 1 OF 1
REV
F
Reference Drawings 6-15
Notes:
6–16 FM1000A User's Manual
Section 7—Service and Support
We understand that you may need various levels of support or that the product could require servicing at some point in time.
This section provides information for both of these scenarios.
Service and Support 7–1
7.1 Service
The product warranty (see opposite page) outlines our responsibility for defective products. Before returning a product for repair or replacement (our choice), call our Customer Service department using the following telephone number:
(866) 262-8917
Our Customer Service Representative will give you further instructions regarding the return of your product. Use the original shipping carton or a new one obtained from Crown. Place shipping spacers between the slide-out power amplifier assembly and the back panel.
Please fill out the Factory Service Instructions sheet (page 7–5) and include it with your returned product.
7.2 24–Hour Support
In most instances, what you need to know about your product can be found in this manual. There are times when you may need more in-depth information or even emergency-type information. We provide 24–hour technical assistance on your product via a toll telephone call.
For emergency help or detailed technical assistance, call
(866) 262-8917
You may be required to leave a message at this number but your call will be returned promptly from our on-call technician.
7.3 Spare Parts
To obtain spare parts, call Crown Broadcast Sales at the following number.
(866) 262-891
You may also write to the following address:
Service Manger
International Radio and Electronics Company, Inc.
25166 Leer Drive
Elkhart, Indiana, U.S.A. 46514-5425
7–2 FM1000A User's Manual
Crown Broadcast Three Year Limited Product Warranty
SUMMARY OF WARRANTY
Crown Broadcast, IREC warrants its broadcast products to the ORIGINAL PURCHASER of a NEW Crown
Broadcast product, for a period of three (3) years after shipment from Crown Broadcast. All products are warranted to be free of defects in materials and workmanship and meet or exeed all specifications published by Crown Broadcast. Product nameplate with serial number must be intact and not altered in any way. This warranty is non - transferable. This warranty in its entirety is the only warranty offered by Crown Broadcast. No other warranties, expressed or implied, will be enforceable.
EXCLUSIONS
Crown Broadcast will not warranty the product due to misuse, accident, neglect and improper installation or operation. Proper installation included A/C line surge supression, lightning protection and proper grounding of the entire transmitter, and any other recommendations designated in the Instruction manual. This warranty does not extend to any other products other than those designed and manufactured by Crown Broadcast. This warranty does not cover any damage to any accessory such as loads, transmission line or antennas resulting from the use or failure of a Crown Broadcast transmitter. Warranty does not cover any loss of revenue resulting from any failure of a Crown Broadcast product, act of God, or natural disaster.
Procedure for Obtaining Warranty Service
Crown Broadcast will repair or service, at our discretion, any product failure as a result of normal intended use.
Warranty repair can only be performed at our plant facility in Elkhart, Indiana USA or at a factory authorized service depot. Expenses in remedying the defect will be borne by Crown Broadcast, including two-way ground transportation cost within the continental United States.
Prior to returning any product or component to Crown Broadcast for warranty work or repair, a Return
Authorization (RA) number must be obtained from the Crown Broadcast Customer Service Department.
Product must be returned in the original factory pack or equivalent. Original factory pack materials may be obtained at a nominal charge by contacting Crown Broadcast Customer Service. Resolution of the defective product will be made within a reasonable time from the date of receipt of the defective product.
Warranty Alterations
No person has the authority to enlarge, amend, or modify this warranty, in whole or in part. This warranty is not extended by the length of time for which the owner was deprived the use of the product. Repairs and replacement parts that are provided under the terms of this warranty shall carry only the unexpired portion of the warranty.
Product Design Changes
Crown Broadcast reserves the right to change the design and manufacture of any product at any time without notice and without obligation to make corresponding changes in products previously manufactured.
Legal Remedies of Purchaser
This written warranty is given in lieu of any oral or implied warranties not covered herein. Crown Croadcast disclaims all implied warranties including any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
Crown Broadcast
25166 Leer Drive
Elkhart, Indiana 46514-5425
Phone 574-262-8900 Fax 574-262-5399 www.crownbroadcast.com
Service and support 7 – 3
Notes:
7–4 FM1000A User's Manual
Factory Service Instructions
To obtain factory service, complete the bottom half of this page, include it with the unit, and ship to:
International Radio and Electronics Company, Inc.
25166 Leer Drive
Elkhart, Indiana, U.S.A. 46514-5425
For units in warranty (within 3 years of purchase from any authorized Crown Dealer): We pay for ground UPS shipments from anywhere in the continental U.S. and Federal Express Second Day service from Hawaii and Alaska to the factory and back to you. Expedited service/shipment is available for an additional charge. You may ship freight collect (COD for cost of freight) or forward your receipt for shipping charges which we will reimburse. We do not cover any charges for shipping outside the U.S.
or any of the expenses involved in clearing customs.
If you have any questions about your Crown Broadcast product, please contact Crown Broadcast
Customer Service at:
Telecphon: (574) 262-8900
Fax: (574) 262-5399
Name: Company:
Shipping Address:
Phone Number: Fax:
Model: Serial Number: Purchase Date:
Nature of the Problem
(Describe the conditions that existed when the problem occurred and what attempts were made to correct it.)
Other equipment in your system:
If warranty has expired, payment will be: Cash/Check VISA
Please Quote before servicing
Mastercard COD
Card Number: Exp. Date: Signature:
Return Shipment Preference if other than UPS Ground: Expedite Shipment Other
ENCLOSE WITH UNIT—DO NOT MAIL SEPARATELY
Service and Support 7–5
A B C
Glossary
The following pages define terms and abbreviations used throughout this and other Crown Broadcast manuals.
Glossary G–1
A B C
AF
ALC
AM bandwidth
BCD
BFO
BNC broadband carrier crosstalk density (program) deviation
DIP distortion
DPM
EPROM
ESD
G–2
Audio Frequency; the frequencies between 20 Hz and 20 kHz in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Automatic Level Control
Amplitude Modulation; the process of impressing information on a radio-frequency signal by varying its amplitude.
The range of frequencies available for signalling.
Binary-Coded Decimal; a digital system that uses binary codes to represent decimal digits.
Beat Frequency Oscillator
A bayonet locking connector for miniature coax; said to be short for Bayonet-Neill-Concelman.
As used in the FM transmitter, refers to the entire audio spectrum as opposed to the spectrum influenced by the pre-emphasis; also called "Wideband."
A continuous signal which is modulated with a second, information-carrying signal.
In FM broadcasting, this term generally refers to the interaction between the main (L+R) and the subcarrier (L–R) signals as opposed to "separation" which generally refers to leakage between left (L) and right (R) channels.
A high average of modulation over time.
The amount by which the carrier frequency changes either side of the center frequency.
Dual In-line Package; term used to describe an IC or socket that has two parallel rows of pins.
The unwanted changes in signal wave shape that occur during transmission between two points.
Digital Panel Meter
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
Electrostatic Discharge; a discharge that is potentially distructive to sensitive electronic components.
FM1000A User's Manual
gain reduction harmonics
HF
Highband
IC
I/O
LED modulation
MOSFET nearcast
PA exciter
FET frequency synthesizer
FM
FSK
(1) A circuit that supplies the initial oscillator used in the driver stage. (2) A transmitter configuration which excludes stereo generation and audio processing.
Field-Effect Transistor
A circuit that generates precise frequency signals by means of a single crystal oscillator in conjunction with frequency dividers and multipliers.
Frequency Modulation; the process of impressing information on a radio signal by varying its frequency.
Frequency Shift Keying; an FM technique for shifting the frequency of the main carrier at a
Morse code rate. Used in the on-air identification of frequencies.
The process of reducing the gain of a given amplifier.
Undesirable energy at integral multiples of a desired, fundamental frequency.
High Frequency; Frequencies in the 3.0 to 30.0
MHz range.
Frequencies affected by the pre-emphasis.
Integrated Circuit
Input/Output
Light-Emitting Diode
The process by which a carrier is varied to represent an information-carrying signal.
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor; a voltage-controlled device with high input impedance due to its electrically isolated gate.
A transmission within a localized geographic area
(ranging from a single room to a several kilometers).
Power Amplifier
Glossary G–3
A B C
PAI
PAV pilot pre-emphasis processing receiver
RF
SCA
S/N spurious products stability stereo pilot stereo separation subcarrier suppression
Power Amplifier Current
Power Amplifier Voltage
A 19–kHz signal used for stereo transmissions.
The deliberate accentuation of the higher audio frequencies; made possible by a high-pass filter.
The procedure and/or circuits used to modify incoming audio (keeping its level around 75 kHz deviation) to make it suitable for transmission.
An option which adds incoming RF capability to an existing transmitter. See also "Translator."
Radio Frequency; (1) A specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between audio-frequency and the infrared portion. (2) A frequency useful for radio transmission (roughly 10 kHz and
100,000 MHz).
Subsidiary Communications Authorization; see
"subcarrier."
Signal to Noise
Unintended signals present on the transmission output terminal.
A tolerance or measure of how well a component, circuit, or system maintains constant operating conditions over a period of time.
See "pilot."
The amount of left-channel information that bleeds into the right channel (or vice versa).
A carrier signal which operates at a lower frequency than the main carrier frequency and which modulates the main carrier.
The process used to hold back or stop certain frequencies.
G–4 FM1000A User's Manual
SWR
THD translator satellator
UHF
VCO
VHF
VSWR
Wideband
Standing-Wave Ratio; on a transmission line, the ratio of the maximum voltage to the minimum voltage or maximum current to the minimum current; also the ratio of load impedance to intended (50 ohms) load impedance.
Total Harmonic Distortion
A transmitter designed to internally change an FM signal from one frequency to another for retransmission. Used in conjunction with terrestrial-fed networks.
A transmitter equipped with an FSK ID option for rebroadcasting a satellite-fed signal.
Ultra High Frequency; frequencies in the 300 to
3000 MHz range.
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
Very High Frequency; frequencies in the 30 to 300
MHz range.
Voltage Standing-Wave Ratio; see "SWR."
See "broadband."
Glossary G–5
Index
Backplane DC Interconnect Board 4–3
Connectors
DC Fuse and Power Distribution Board
IIIII
LLLLL
Metering and Control Board 4–4
Output Filter & Reflectometer 4–3
Index-i
Troubleshooting Flow Chart 5–2
Index-ii
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