Topcon GR-5 Operator's Manual

/PERATORlS-ANUAL
P O S I T I O N I N G
S Y S T E M S
GR-5
Operator’s Manual
Part Number 7010-1004
Rev A
©Copyright Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc.
February, 2011
All contents in this manual are copyrighted by Topcon. All rights reserved.
The information contained herein may not be used, accessed, copied, stored,
displayed, sold, modified, published, distributed, or otherwise reproduced
without express written consent from Topcon.
ECO#4074
TOC
Table of Contents
Preface .................................................................. vii
Terms and Conditions ......................................................
Manual Conventions ........................................................
Additional Documentation ...............................................
Supported Firmware Versions .........................................
vii
x
xi
xi
Chapter 1
Introduction .......................................................... 1-1
Principles of Operation ....................................................
GNSS Overview ........................................................
Calculating Absolute Positions ...........................
Essential Components for Quality Surveying ....
Calculating Differential Positions ......................
Conclusion ..........................................................
GR-5 Receiver .................................................................
GR-5 Features ...........................................................
MINTER .............................................................
Data and Power Ports .........................................
External Radio Antenna Connector ....................
Connector ............................................................
SDHC and SIM Card Slots .................................
Batteries .....................................................................
Cables ........................................................................
Other Accessories ......................................................
Optional Accessories .................................................
Option Authorization File (OAF) ....................................
1-3
1-3
1-4
1-4
1-5
1-8
1-8
1-10
1-10
1-15
1-16
1-17
1-17
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-23
1-26
Chapter 2
Pre-survey Preparation ........................................ 2-1
Installing Topcon Software .............................................. 2-2
Installing PC-CDU .................................................... 2-2
Installing TRU ........................................................... 2-3
P/N 7010-1004
i
Table of Contents
Installing the Optional SDHC and SIM Cards .................
Charging the Batteries ......................................................
About the Chargers ....................................................
Charging Temperatures .............................................
Charging the Batteries before First Use .....................
Charging Procedure ...................................................
Leaving the Batteries on Charge ................................
Power Management ..........................................................
Powering the Receiver .....................................................
Using the Detachable Batteries ..................................
Attaching the Batteries ........................................
Detaching the Batteries .......................................
Assembling the AA Battery Shell .......................
Surveying while Charging ...................................
Changing the Batteries while Surveying .............
Using an Auxiliary Power Source .............................
Turning On/Off the Receiver .....................................
Connecting the Receiver and a Computer ........................
Establishing a Wireless Connection ..........................
Establishing an Serial (RS232) Cable Connection ....
Establishing a USB Connection .................................
Bluetooth Module Configuration .....................................
Collecting Almanacs and Ephemerides ............................
2-4
2-7
2-7
2-9
2-9
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-14
2-15
2-16
2-16
2-17
2-18
2-18
2-18
2-20
2-21
2-21
2-23
2-24
2-24
2-27
Chapter 3
GR-5 Configuration .............................................. 3-1
Managing the Radio Modem ............................................
Connecting with the Radio Modem ...........................
Modem Configuration ...............................................
Configuring a Digital UHF Radio Modem ........
Configuring an FH915+ Radio Modem ..............
Configuring a Satel Radio Modem .....................
Configuring the Receiver Using TRU ..............................
Configuring the Receiver Using PC-CDU .......................
MINTER Configuration ...................................................
ii
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-9
3-14
3-19
3-29
3-39
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Table of Contents
Chapter 4
GR-5 Receiver Setup and Survey ....................... 4-1
Receiver Setup .................................................................
Step 1: Set up the Receivers ......................................
Step 2: Measure Antenna Height ..............................
Step 3: Collect Data ..................................................
MINTER Operation .........................................................
Static Surveying for Base Stations ..................................
Kinematic (Stop & Go) Surveying for Rover Stations ....
Real Time Kinematic Surveying .....................................
4-1
4-1
4-3
4-7
4-8
4-11
4-12
4-13
Chapter 5
Receiver and File Maintenance ........................... 5-1
Downloading Files to a Computer ...................................
Downloading Files Using Topcon Link ....................
...Using Windows Explorer ................................
...Using Topcon Link ..........................................
Downloading Files Using TRU .................................
Deleting Files from the Receiver’s SDHC Card
Using PC-CDU ................................................................
Deleting Files from the Receiver Using TRU .................
Managing Receiver Memory ...........................................
Initializing the File System ..............................................
Initializing the File System Using TRU ....................
Managing Receiver Options ............................................
Checking the Receiver’s OAF using TRU ................
Checking the Receiver’s OAF using PC-CDU .........
Loading an OAF using TRU .....................................
Loading an OAF using PC-CDU ..............................
Clearing the NVRAM ......................................................
Clearing the NVRAM Using the MINTER ..............
Clearing the NVRAM Using TRU ............................
Clearing the NVRAM Using PC-CDU .....................
Changing Receiver Modes ...............................................
Entering Extended Information Mode ......................
Sleep (Off) Mode ......................................................
Loading New Firmware Using TRU ...............................
P/N 7010-1004
5-1
5-2
5-2
5-3
5-5
5-7
5-9
5-10
5-11
5-11
5-11
5-12
5-12
5-14
5-15
5-17
5-17
5-18
5-18
5-19
5-19
5-20
5-21
iii
Table of Contents
Chapter 6
Troubleshooting .................................................. 6-1
Check This First! ..............................................................
Troubleshooting Quick List .............................................
Powering Problems ..........................................................
Receiver Problems ............................................................
TX RX LED Blink Pattern on Error Conditions ..............
Obtaining Technical Support ...........................................
Phone .........................................................................
Email ..........................................................................
Website ......................................................................
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-8
6-9
6-10
6-10
6-11
Appendix A
Specifications ...................................................... A-1
Receiver Specifications ....................................................
General Details ..........................................................
GPS Board Details .....................................................
Bluetooth Module Details ..........................................
Internal TPS Spread Spectrum Modem Details .........
Internal Topcon UHF Modem General
Specification Details ...............................................
Internal UHF Satel Modem Details ...........................
Optional GSM/GPRS Module Details .......................
Connector Specifications ..................................................
Radio (Modem) RF Connector ..................................
Power Connector .......................................................
Serial C-RS232 Connector ........................................
USB Connector ..........................................................
A-1
A-1
A-8
A-9
A-10
A-11
A-12
A-13
A-14
A-14
A-15
A-16
A-17
Appendix B
Safety Warnings ................................................... B-1
General Warnings ............................................................. B-1
Battery Pack Warnings ..................................................... B-2
Usage Warnings ............................................................... B-3
Appendix C
Regulatory Information ....................................... C-1
FCC Compliance .............................................................. C-1
Community of Europe Compliance .................................. C-2
iv
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Table of Contents
WEEE Directive .............................................................. C-2
Appendix D
Warranty Terms .................................................... D-1
Index
P/N 7010-1004
v
Table of Contents
Notes:
vi
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Preface
Preface
Thank you for purchasing this Topcon product. The materials
available in this Manual (the “Manual”) have been prepared by
Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. (“TPS”) for owners of Topcon
products, and are designed to assist owners with the use of the
receiver and its use is subject to these terms and conditions (the
“Terms and Conditions”).
NOTICE
Please read these Terms and Conditions carefully.
Terms and Conditions
USE This product is designed to be used by a professional. The user
should have a good knowledge of the safe use of the product and
implement the types of safety procedures recommended by the local
government protection agency for both private use and commercial
job sites.
COPYRIGHT All information contained in this Manual is the
intellectual property of, and copyrighted material of TPS. All rights
are reserved. Do not use, access, copy, store, display, create
derivative works of, sell, modify, publish, distribute, or allow any
third party access to, any graphics, content, information or data in this
Manual without TPS’ express written consent and may only use such
information for the care and operation of the receiver. The information
and data in this Manual are a valuable asset of TPS and are developed
by the expenditure of considerable work, time and money, and are the
result of original selection, coordination and arrangement by TPS.
P/N 7010-1004
vii
Preface
TRADEMARKS GR-5™, TRU™, PC-CDU™, Topcon Tools™,
Topcon Link™, TopSURV™, Topcon® and Topcon Positioning
Systems™ are trademarks or registered trademarks of TPS.
Windows® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. The
Bluetooth® word mark and logos are owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc.
and any use of such marks by Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. is
used under license. Other product and company names mentioned
herein may be trademarks of their respective owners.
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY EXCEPT FOR ANY
WARRANTIES IN AN APPENDIX OR A WARRANTY CARD
ACCOMPANYING THE PRODUCT, THIS MANUAL AND THE
RECEIVER ARE PROVIDED “AS-IS.” THERE ARE NO OTHER
WARRANTIES. TPS DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY
OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY
PARTICULAR USE OR PURPOSE. TPS AND ITS
DISTRIBUTORS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR TECHNICAL OR
EDITORIAL ERRORS OR OMISSIONS CONTAINED HEREIN;
NOR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
RESULTING FROM THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE OR
USE OF THIS MATERIAL OR THE RECEIVER. SUCH
DISCLAIMED DAMAGES INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED
TO LOSS OF TIME, LOSS OR DESTRUCTION OF DATA, LOSS
OF PROFIT, SAVINGS OR REVENUE, OR LOSS OF THE
PRODUCT’S USE. IN ADDITION TPS IS NOT RESPONSIBLE
OR LIABLE FOR DAMAGES OR COSTS INCURRED IN
CONNECTION WITH OBTAINING SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS
OR SOFTWARE, CLAIMS BY OTHERS, INCONVENIENCE, OR
ANY OTHER COSTS. IN ANY EVENT, TPS SHALL HAVE NO
LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES OR OTHERWISE TO YOU OR ANY
OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY IN EXCESS OF THE PURCHASE
PRICE FOR THE RECEIVER.
LICENSE AGREEMENT Use of any computer programs or software
supplied by TPS or downloaded from a TPS website (the “Software”)
in connection with the receiver constitutes acceptance of these Terms
and Conditions in this Manual and an agreement to abide by these
Terms and Conditions. The user is granted a personal, non-exclusive,
non-transferable license to use such Software under the terms stated
viii
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Terms and Conditions
herein and in any case only with a single receiver or single computer.
You may not assign or transfer the Software or this license without
the express written consent of TPS. This license is effective until
terminated. You may terminate the license at any time by destroying
the Software and Manual. TPS may terminate the license if you fail to
comply with any of the Terms or Conditions. You agree to destroy the
Software and manual upon termination of the use of the receiver. All
ownership, copyright and other intellectual property rights in and to
the Software belong to TPS. If these license terms are not acceptable,
return any unused software and manual.
CONFIDENTIALITY This Manual, its contents and the Software
(collectively, the “Confidential Information”) are the confidential and
proprietary information of TPS. You agree to treat TPS’ Confidential
Information with a degree of care no less stringent that the degree of
care you would use in safeguarding your own most valuable trade
secrets. Nothing in this paragraph shall restrict you from disclosing
Confidential Information to your employees as may be necessary or
appropriate to operate or care for the receiver. Such employees must
also keep the Confidentiality Information confidential. In the event you
become legally compelled to disclose any of the Confidential
Information, you shall give TPS immediate notice so that it may seek a
protective order or other appropriate remedy.
WEBSITE; OTHER STATEMENTS No statement contained at the
TPS website (or any other website) or in any other advertisements or
TPS literature or made by an employee or independent contractor of
TPS modifies these Terms and Conditions (including the Software
license, warranty and limitation of liability).
SAFETY Improper use of the receiver can lead to injury to persons or
property and/or malfunction of the product. The receiver should only
be repaired by authorized TPS warranty service centers. Users should
review and heed the safety warnings in an Appendix.
MISCELLANEOUS The above Terms and Conditions may be
amended, modified, superseded, or canceled, at any time by TPS. The
above Terms and Conditions will be governed by, and construed in
accordance with, the laws of the State of California, without reference
to conflict of laws.
P/N 7010-1004
ix
Preface
Manual Conventions
This manual uses the following conventions:
Example
Description
File Exit
Connection
Frequency
Enter
NOTICE
TIP
NOTICE
CAUTION
WARNING
x
Click the File menu and click Exit.
Indicates the name of a dialog box or screen.
Indicates a field on a dialog box or screen, or a tab
within a dialog box or screen.
Press or click the button or key labeled Enter.
Further information to note about the configuration,
maintenance, or setup of a system.
Supplementary information that can help to
configure, maintain, or set up a system.
Supplementary information that can have an affect
on system operation, system performance,
measurements, or personal safety.
Notification that an action has the potential to
adversely affect system operation, system
performance, data integrity, or personal health.
Notification that an action will result in system
damage, loss of data, loss of warranty, or personal
injury.
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Additional Documentation
DANGER
Under no circumstances should this action be
performed.
Additional Documentation
The following documentation can be useful while working with the
GR-5 receiver:
• TRU Reference Manual (7010-0908) – explains how to install,
set up, and use the TRU software on desktop computers and
hand-held controllers.
• PC-CDU Reference Manual (31-000004-01) – explains how to
install, set up, and use the PC-CDU software.
Supported Firmware Versions
This manual corresponds to the following versions of firmware for
the GR-5:
• GNSS firmware version 3.5
• FH915 Plus radio modem version 1.4p0
• Satel radio modem version 3.44f
• Digital radio modem version 1.6RevG
If new versions of the firmware are released, the user can load them to
the GR-5 as described on “Loading New Firmware Using TRU” on
page 5-21.
P/N 7010-1004
xi
Preface
Notes:
xii
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Chapter 1
Introduction
The GR-5 receiver is a multi-frequency, GNSS receiver built to be the
most advanced and compact receiver for the surveying market. The
receiver is a multi-function, multi-purpose receiver intended for
precision markets. Precision markets means markets for equipment,
subsystems, components and software for surveying, construction,
commercial mapping, civil engineering, precision agriculture and
land-based construction and agriculture machine control,
photogrammetry mapping, hydrographic and any use reasonably
related to the foregoing.
Using a full wave antenna, the GR-5 can receive and processes
multiple signal types, including the latest GPS L2C and GLONASS
C/A L2, GPS L5 and GALILEO1 signals. Driven by the augmented
Paradigm™ G3 chip, the board provides 216 universal channels and
up to 100 Hz position and measurement update rates.
GNSS tracking capabilities, dual-frequency RTK, SBAS
functionality, extensive communication capabilities, removable
memory for files combine to provide a positioning system efficient,
secure, and appropriate for any survey.
Several other unique features, including multipath mitigation,
adjustable phase-locked loop (PLL) and delay-locked loop (DLL)
parameters, offer a reliable and versatile reception of weak signals
even in degraded signal environments. The receiver provides the
functionality, availability, and integrity.
1. The GR-5 tracks the GIOVE-A and GIOVE-B test satellites. The
signals from these satellites are used for signal evaluation and test
purposes only.
P/N 7010-1004
1-1
Introduction
Figure 1-1. GR-5 Receiver
1-2
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Principles of Operation
Principles of Operation
Surveying with a professional-grade GNSS receiver can provide users
with accurate and precise positioning; a fundamental requirement for
any surveying project.
This section gives an overview of existing and proposed Global
Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and receiver functions so that
basic operating principles can be applied.
GNSS Overview
Currently, two Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)1 offer
line-of-sight radio navigation, positioning, and timing services on a
global, all-weather scale to any user equipped with a GNSS tracking
receiver:
• GPS - the Global Positioning System maintained and operated by
the United States Department of Defense. For information on the
status of this system, visit the US Naval Observatory website
(http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/) or the US Coast Guard website
(http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/).
• GLONASS - the GLobal NAvigation Satellite System maintained
and operated by the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense. For
information on the status of this system, visit the Coordinational
Scientific Information Center website (http://www.glonassianc.rsa.ru/).
Despite the numerous technical differences in the implementation of
these systems, both satellite positioning systems have three essential
components:
• Space - GPS and GLONASS satellites orbit approximately
12,000 nautical miles above Earth, and are equipped with an
atomic clock and a radio. These satellites broadcast ranging
signals and various digital information (ephemerides, almanacs,
time and frequency corrections, and so forth).
1. GALILEO navigation satellite system currently being built by the
European Union (EU) and European Space Agency (ESA).
P/N 7010-1004
1-3
Introduction
• Control - Ground stations located around the Earth that monitor
the satellites and upload data, including clock corrections and
new ephemerides (satellite positions as a function of time), to
ensure the satellites transmit data properly.
• User - The community and military that use GNSS receivers to
calculate positions.
Calculating Absolute Positions
When calculating an absolute position, a stationary or moving
receiver determines its three-dimensional position with respect to the
origin of an Earth-Center Earth-Fixed coordinate system. To calculate
this position, the receiver measures the distance (called pseudoranges) between it and at least four satellites. The measured pseudoranges are corrected for clock differences (receiver and satellites) and
signal propagation delays due to atmospheric effects. The positions of
the satellites are computed from the ephemeris data transmitted to the
receiver in navigation messages. When using a single satellite system,
the minimum number of satellites needed to compute a position is
four. In a mixed satellite scenario (GPS and GLONASS), the receiver
must lock onto five or more satellites to account for the different time
scales used in these systems and to obtain an absolute position.
Essential Components for Quality Surveying
Achieving quality positioning results from the GR-5 requires an
understanding of the following elements:
• Accuracy - The accuracy of a position that is delivered by a
GNSS receiver primarily depends upon the observed satellite
geometry (Geometric Dilution of Precision, or GDOP) and the
measurement (ranging) errors.
– Differential positioning techniques (DGPS and RTK) can be
used to almost completely remove all major GNSS error
sources, such as atmospheric and orbital errors.
– The more satellites that are in view, the stronger the signal,
the lower the GDOP number will be, leading to the highest
positioning accuracy. For DGPS and RTK operations, it is
important to consider that the GDOP is dependent on the
1-4
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Principles of Operation
number of common satellites in view at both the Base and the
Remote receivers.
– The quality of observed measurements can also affect
accuracy, and for this reason Topcon GNSS products use
sophisticated and patented techniques to produce highly
precise measurements. However, these measurements can
still be adversely affected by nearby natural and man-made
objects that block, interrupt, reflect, or partially obscure
satellite signals.
• Availability - While a low number of satellites may adversely
affect accuracy, if very few satellites are visible this may result in
no position being available at all. A minimum of 4 GPS or 4
GLONASS, or 5 GPS+GLONASS (mixed) satellites must be
visible at all times.
• Integrity - Fault tolerance and redundancy allow a position
solution to have greater integrity, increasing its reliability for the
user. Several factors combine to provide fault tolerance,
including:
– Five or more visible satellites for only GPS or only
GLONASS; six or more satellites for a mixed scenario. As
the total number of satellites increases, so does the
measurement redundancy and the inherent reliability of the
position.
– Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (WAAS, EGNOS,
and so on) creates and transmit, along with DGPS
corrections, data integrity information (for example, satellite
health warnings).
– Current ephemerides and almanacs.
Calculating Differential Positions
DGPS, or Differential GPS, is a relative positioning technique where
the measurements from two or more remote receivers are combined
and processed using sophisticated algorithms to calculate the
receivers' relative coordinates with high accuracy. DGPS
accommodates various implementation techniques that can be
classified according to the following criteria:
P/N 7010-1004
1-5
Introduction
• The type of GNSS measurements used, either code-phase
differential measurements or carrier-phase differential
measurements
• If real-time or post-mission results required. Real-time
applications can be further divided according to the source of
differential data and communication link used.
With DGPS in its most traditional approach, one receiver is placed at
a known surveyed location and is referred to as the reference receiver
or base station. Another receiver is placed at an unknown location and
is referred to as the remote receiver or rover. The reference station
collects the code-phase and carrier-phase measurements from each
GNSS satellite in view.
• For real-time applications, these satellite measurements and the
reference station coordinates are then combined to form industry
standard RTCM1 messages that are broadcast to the remote
receiver(s) using a data communication link. The remote receiver
applies the transmitted measurement information to its observed
measurements of the same satellites.
• For post-mission applications, the simultaneous measurements
from reference and rover stations are recorded to the receiver's
memory card (not sent over a communication link). Later, the
data is downloaded to a computer, combined, and processed.
Using this post-processing technique, the spatially correlated
errors - such as satellite orbital errors, ionospheric errors and
tropospheric errors - can be significantly reduced, thus improving
the position solution accuracy. This is particularly true when the
remote receiver is stationary.
1. [RTCM FOOTNOTE] The Radio Technical Commission for Maritime
Services (RTCM) defines global standards for communication
messages and protocols that are used in the GNSS positioning industry.
In support of this standards-based approach, Topcon recommends use
of the latest RTCM message formats (v3 or greater) for all RTK
and DGPS communication needs. Several legacy correction message
formats are also provided by Topcon GNSS products in order to support
interoperability with older GNSS systems, but their use is now
deprecated.
1-6
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Principles of Operation
Other differential positioning methods and systems also exist,
including, maritime radio beacons, commercial geostationary
satellites (as with the OmniSTAR service) and satellite based
augmentation systems (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS). For use of these
other systems additional hardware and/or subscription fees may be
required that are separate from the GR-5 system.
The Real-time Kinematic (RTK) method is the most common method
of precision real-time surveying. RTK operation requires at least two
receivers collecting simultaneous GNSS data and a reliable lowlatency communication link between the receivers. As with DGPS
described earlier, one of the receivers is usually at a known location
(Base) and the other is at an unknown location (Rover). The Base
receiver collects precise carrier phase measurements, generates RTK
corrections and transmits this data to the Rover receiver. The Rover
processes this transmitted data with its own carrier phase
observations to compute its relative position with high accuracy, thus
achieving an RTK accuracy of up to 10mm horizontal and 15mm
vertical.
The GR-5 supports three widely used network RTK implementation
techniques, specifically, VRS, FKP, and MAC.
• Virtual reference station (VRS). The network software collects
raw data measurements from several reference stations that
belong to a network. These data are then estimated and processed
to produce ionospheric and tropospheric corrections for each
station and each satellite. After the rover receiver transmits its
approximate position to the network software using an NMEA
GGA message, the corrections are interpolated to the position of
the rover. Interpolated corrections are used to reconstruct the
measurements of pseudo range and carrier phase of a virtual
reference station located close to the rover. The reconstructed
measurements are transmitted to the rover as RTCM or CMR
messages.
• Area correction parameters (FKP). Unlike the VRS approach,
the network software calculates coefficients for modeling
ionospheric, tropospheric, and orbital effects for each satellite
over a specific network area. The coefficients are then transmitted
to the rover as RTCM message type 15, so that the rover can
P/N 7010-1004
1-7
Introduction
generate the corrections and apply them to its own observations
to compute the position with high accuracy.
• Master-auxiliary concept (MAC). This approach assumes the
usage of one master reference station and a number of auxiliary
reference stations to generate network correction messages. The
master station transmits full raw observations and coordinate
information while auxiliary stations transmit ionospheric and
geometric correction differences and coordinate differences
calculated between the master and each auxiliary station. The
rover accepts all these data as RTCM 3 messages and applies
them to get its own accurate position.
Conclusion
This overview simply outlines the basics of satellite positioning. For
more detailed information, visit the Topcon website
(http://www.topconpositioning.com/).
GR-5 Receiver
When power is turned on and the receiver self-test completes, the
receiver’s 216 channels initialize and begin tracking visible satellites.
Each of the receiver’s channels can be used to track any one of the
GPS, GLONASS, or GALILEO1 signals. The number of channels
available allows the receiver to track all visible global positioning
satellites at any time and location.
An internal full wave GNSS antenna equipped with a low noise
amplifier (LNA) and the receiver’s radio frequency (RF) device are
connected with a coaxial cable. The wide-band signal received is
down-converted, filtered, digitized, and assigned to different
channels. The receiver processor controls the process of signal
tracking.
1. The GR-5 tracks the GIOVE-A and GIOVE-B test satellites. The
signals from these satellites are used for signal evaluation and test
purposes only.
1-8
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
GR-5 Receiver
Once the signal is locked in the channel, it is demodulated and
necessary signal parameters (carrier and code phases) are measured.
Also, broadcast navigation data are retrieved from the navigation
frame.
After the receiver locks on to four or more satellites, its absolute
position in WGS-84 and the time offset between the receiver clock
and GPS time are computed. This information and the measurement
data can be stored in the optional SDHC card and downloaded later
onto a computer, then processed using a post-processing software
package. When the receiver operates in RTK mode, raw data
measurements can also be recorded into the receiver’s internal
memory. This allows the operator to double check real-time results
obtained in the field.
The GR-5 comes in one of the following configurations:
• with an FH915 Plus TX/RX/RP1 radio modem
• with an FH915 Plus TX/RX/RP radio modem and a GSM/GPRS
module
• with a Digital radio modem
• with a Digital radio modem and GSM/GPRS or CDMA module
(for US customers)
• with a Satel radio modem and a GSM/GPRS module
Depending on your options, capabilities of the receiver include:
• Multipath reduction
• Satellite based augmentation systems (WAAS, EGNOS, and so
forth).
• Adjustable phase locked loop (PLL) and delay lock loop (DLL)
parameters
• Configurable internal long-range radio for DGPS and RTK
communications as well as Network based DGPS and RTK
solutions
• Automatic data logging
1. RP = repeater
P/N 7010-1004
1-9
Introduction
• Detailed control over numerous receiver settings, such as mask
angles, static/dynamic tracking modes, startup behavior, etc.
• Setting different survey parameters
• High frequency measurement (up to 100 Hz) and position output
rates
• Static or dynamic modes
GR-5 Features
The GR-5 receiver’s advanced design reduces the number of cables
required for operation, allowing for more reliable and efficient
surveying.
The GR-5 is a 216-channel GNSS receiver with two data ports, a
power port, a multi-system GNSS board, and a radio modem
communications board, an interface for controlling and viewing data
logging, and also includes:
• Two external, detachable batteries
• USB and Serial data ports
• External memory card slot
• Internal radio modem
• Bluetooth® wireless technology module
• Interface for controlling and viewing data logging through
MINTER display
• Optional GSM/GPRS module.
• SIM card slot
MINTER
The MINTER is the receiver’s LED display panel used to display and
control data input and output (Figure 1-2).
The Battery LEDs display the power status for each battery:
• Green – indicates greater than 85% charge.
• Orange – indicates an intermediate charge.
1-10
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
GR-5 Receiver
• Red – indicates less than 15% charge.
The STAT LED displays the status of tracked satellites.
• Red blink – receiver is on, but no satellites being tracked.
• Green blink – receiver is on and tracking satellites; one blink per
tracked GPS satellite.
• Orange blink – receiver is on and tracking satellites; one blink per
tracked GLONASS satellite.
REC
RX TX
STAT
BT
Battery
FUNCTION
Battery
FUNCTION
Power
Button
FUNCTION
Button
Figure 1-2. GR-5 MINTER
The REC LED displays the data recording status. See “The
FUNCTION button” on page 1-13 for more information on REC
LED behavior when using the FUNCTION button.
• Green blinks – each blink indicates that data is being written to
the SDHC card. See “SDHC and SIM Card Slots” on page 1-17
for recommendations on SD/SDHC cards.
• Solid Orange – indicates the receiver is changing modes.
• Orange blinks – indicates that the receiver is checking its internal
file system (after clearing the NVRAM or loading new firmware).
During this operation, the file system is not accessible for CDU
(control display unit) applications or for data recording. This
P/N 7010-1004
1-11
Introduction
operation may require from fractions of a second to several
minutes, depending on the circumstances and the amount of
internal memory.
• Solid Red – indicates a fault condition with the receiver (no more
memory, no SDHC card inserted, a hardware problem, or an
improper OAF).
Table 1-2 on page 1-13 describes the REC LED status when using the
FUNCTION button.
The RX TX LED displays the status of the modem. Table 1-1
describes the LED colors and patterns for the different modems
available for the GR-5 receiver.
Table 1-1. RX TX LED Indications
• No light – modem is turned off.
• Green flashes – modem is in receiver mode.
• Solid Green – a radio link has been established; modem is
ready to receive data.
FH915 Plus/
Digital/Satel
Modems
• Solid Green plus Red flashes – modem is receiving data.
• Solid Red – modem is in transmitter mode.
• Red flashes – a fault condition has been detected. Check the
condition of the radio modem’s antenna to ensure it is
undamaged, and is connected properly and securely. Also make
sure nothing interrupts the signal.
• Red flashes plus Green flashes – modem is in command mode.
• Solid Orange (Red and Green) – the modem is initializing.
• Green flashes – the modem is on, registered on the network,
and is waiting for incoming calls (Slave mode).
GSM/GPRS
• Solid Red – a connection has been established.
• Green flashes – the modem is in direct control mode (Daisy
Chain).
• Orange flashes – an error has occurred (initialization error,
wrong PIN code, and so forth).
The BT LED indicates the level of activity at the Bluetooth wireless
technology communication link:
• Blue flashes – the Bluetooth module is on but no connection is
established.
1-12
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
GR-5 Receiver
• Solid blue light – the Bluetooth module is on and a connection
has been established.
• No light – the Bluetooth module is off.
The Power button turns the receiver on and off.
The FUNCTION button switches the receiver between information
modes and post-processing modes, starts/stops data recording, and
changes the baud rate of the serial port to 9600. See “MINTER
Operation” on page 4-8 for more information. Table 1-2 on page 1-13
describes the REC LED status when using the FUNCTION button.
Table 1-2. FUNCTION Button Operations and REC LED Status
FUNCTION Key
REC LED
Status
When data recording is off, and the FUNCTION key is...
Not pressed
No light
No data recording.
Orange blink
Internal file system test in progress.
Red
No free memory; hardware problem with
data recording. No SDHC card.
If FUNCTION key mode is “LED blink mode switch”
Pressed for < 1
second
Orange
Release to change information mode.
If FUNCTION key mode is “Occupation mode switch”
Orange
No function.
If FUNCTION key mode is “LED blink mode switch”
Pressed for 1–5
seconds
Green
Release to start data recording (postprocessing occupation mode undefined).
If FUNCTION key mode is “Occupation mode switch”
Pressed for 5–8
seconds
P/N 7010-1004
Green
Release to start recording (Kinematic or
Static post-processing occupation mode).
Red
Release to turn serial port A baud rate to
9600 bps.
1-13
Introduction
Table 1-2. FUNCTION Button Operations and REC LED Status (Continued)
FUNCTION Key
Pressed for > 8
seconds
REC LED
No light
Status
No function.
When data recording is on, and the FUNCTION key is...
Red
No free memory; hardware problem with
data recording.
If FUNCTION key mode is “LED blink mode switch”
Green
Not pressed
Data recording started (post-processing
occupation mode undefined).
If FUNCTION key mode is “Occupation mode switch”
Green
Data recording started (Kinematic postprocessing occupation mode).
Orange
Data recording started (Static postprocessing occupation mode).
If FUNCTION key mode is “LED blink mode switch”
Pressed for < 1
second
Orange
Release to change information mode.
If FUNCTION key mode is “Occupation mode switch”
Orange
Release to toggle between Static and
Kinematic post-processing modes.
Pressed for 1–5
seconds
No light
Release to stop data recording.
Pressed for 5–8
seconds
Red
Release to turn serial port A baud rate to
9600 bps.
Pressed for > 8
seconds
No light
No function (data recording still on).
1-14
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
GR-5 Receiver
Data and Power Ports
The GR-5 has the following three ports (Figure 1-3):
• USB – rimmed in yellow; used for high-speed data transfer and
communication between the receiver and an external device.
The body of the connector on the corresponding cable is yellow.
• Serial Port A– rimmed in black; used for communication between
the receiver and an external device.
• Serial Port B – used internally and left free in the current release.
• Serial Port C – used internally to connect the modem and receiver
boards.
• Serial Port D – used internally to connect the receiver board and
Bluetooth module.
• Power – rimmed in red; used to connect the receiver to an
external power source. This port can also be used to charge the
batteries.
The body of the connector on the corresponding cable is red.
USB
(yellow)
U
S
B
Serial
(black)
S
E
R
I
A
L
Power
(red)
P
O
W
E
R
Figure 1-3. GR-5 Ports
P/N 7010-1004
1-15
Introduction
External Radio Antenna Connector
The radio antenna connects to the external antenna connector on the
GR-5 radome (Figure 1-4). The radio antenna uses a reverse polarity
TNC connection or BNC connection depending on the installed radio
modem.
External
Antenna
Connector
Figure 1-4. GR-5 Radome and External Antenna Connector
1-16
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
GR-5 Receiver
Connector
The bottom connector (Figure 1-5) connects the receiver to either a
standard 5/8'' thread pole/adapter or the quick disconnect (see “The
quick disconnect adapter” on page 1-24 for details).
Bottom Connector
for Standard Setups
Figure 1-5. GR-5 Quick Connector
SDHC and SIM Card Slots
The SDHC and SIM card slots reside under the batteries near the base
of the dome.
Recommended SD/SDHC Cards: These cards were tested in the
temperature range -30°C to 60°C (-22°F to 140°F).
• Transcend® Ultra Industrial 2 GB
• APRO® Industrial 4GB
• SanDisk® Ultra II
• Swissbit® Industrial 2GB
The SDHC card slot is located to the left of the MINTER inside the
battery compartment (Figure 1-6) and connects an optional SDHC
card to the receiver board to provide memory. Once installed, the
SDHC card usually remains inside the receiver. The data that resides
on the SDHC card can be accessed via the USB or serial port, or
Bluetooth wireless technology. A secure digital card can be
purchased at a local computer supply store.
P/N 7010-1004
1-17
Introduction
The SIM card slot is located to the right of the MINTER inside the
battery compartment and allows a standard SIM card to be installed in
the receiver. Once installed, the SIM card provides a unique
identification for the receiver’s GSM module and enables the
receiver’s GSM functionality based on the subscribed services (the
receiver board accesses the GSM module which accesses the SIM
card). The SIM card usually remains inside the receiver. The GSM
module with the SIM card installed can be accessed via TRU for
configuration purposes. A SIM card can be purchased from a local
cellular provider.
Card Slot
(for SDHC card)
Figure 1-6. GR-5 Card Slot Example
1-18
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
GR-5 Receiver
Batteries
The GR-5 receiver comes equipped with two detachable,
rechargeable batteries (Figure 1-7) for powering the receiver.
Figure 1-7. GR-5 Batteries
The receiver draws power from one battery at a time before switching
to the second battery. Each detachable battery can provide between
5hrs. and 10hrs. (approximate) of operation, depending on the mode
of the receiver.
See “Charging the Batteries” on page 2-7, “Power Management” on
page 2-11, and “Powering the Receiver” on page 2-14 for detailed
instructions on how to charge and use the batteries.
P/N 7010-1004
1-19
Introduction
Cables
The GR-5 package includes standard communication and power
cables for configuring the receiver and providing a power source to
the receiver. Table 1-3 lists the cables included in the GR-5 package.
Table 1-3. GR-5 Package Cables
Cable Description
Cable Illustration
Power cable
Connects the power supply unit to a
grounded outlet.
U.S. p/n 14-008052-01
Europe p/n 14-008054-01
Australia p/n 14-008053-01
Receiver power/charging cable
Connects the receiver and the
power supply unit via SAE
connectors for battery charging.
Body of connector is red.
p/n 14-008016-03
USB cable
Connects the receiver to an external
device (controller or computer) for
high-speed data transfer and
receiver configuration. Body of
connector is yellow.
p/n 14-008070-01
Serial cable
Connects the receiver to an external
device (controller or computer) for
data transfer and receiver
configuration. Body of connector is
black.
p/n 14-008005-02
1-20
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
GR-5 Receiver
Other Accessories
The power supply unit (p/n 22-034101-01) charges the internal
batteries when connected to a grounded outlet (Figure 1-8). This unit
converts the alternating current (AC) normally supplied from an
electrical outlet to a direct current (DC) used to charge the batteries
and/or power the receiver.
CAUTION
The power supply unit should only be used for
C charging the batteries. Do not use as a power source
during surveying.
The power supply unit can be connected to the charging cradle or
directly to the receiver. For details, see the power related sections in
Chapter 2.
Figure 1-8. Power Supply Unit
P/N 7010-1004
1-21
Introduction
The modem antenna Spread Spectrum or UHF includes support for
a GSM/GPRS modem (Figure 1-9 on page 1-22).
The Spread Spectrum antenna is a reverse polarity TNC RF
connection (p/n 30-030012-01) and a UHF antenna is a BNC
connection (p/n 30-070003-01 UHF 410-440 or p/n 30-050503-01
UHF 450-470).
SS/GSM Antenna
UHF/GSM Antenna
Figure 1-9. Modem Antenna
The GR-5 2m fixed height Tripod and Pole The heavy duty tripod
(22-050501-01) is shown in Figure 1-10. The pole (22-050908-01) is
not pictured.
Figure 1-10. Tripod
For more details on the accessories and package options available for
the GR-5, contact a local Topcon dealer.
1-22
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
GR-5 Receiver
Optional Accessories
Topcon offers a wide variety of accessories especially designed to
extend job reliability and efficiency. For more details on the optional
accessories available for the GR-5, contact a local Topcon dealer.
The universal tribrach and tribrach adapter1 (p/n 22-006008-01
and p/n 22-006009-011) are used to level the tripod and secure the
receiver or antenna to the tripod (Figure 1-11).
Figure 1-11. Universal Tribrach and Tribrach Adapter
The precision tribrach adapter (Figure 1-12) is used to precisely
center, align, and level the tripod over a point. The horizontal spacer
(p/n 60419) inserts into the precision tribrach and allows the receiver
to sit securely on the precision tribrach.
Figure 1-12. Precision Tribrach Adapter and Horizontal Spacer
1. The universal tribrach and tribrach adapter is not needed when using the
heavy duty tripod (22-050501-01).
P/N 7010-1004
1-23
Introduction
The quick disconnect adapter (p/n 02-850905-01) connects to the
range pole for the receiver to slip into the top. Using the side clips, the
receiver can be quickly connected to/disconnected from the range
pole (Figure 1-13).
Figure 1-13. Quick Disconnect
A hand-held controller (Figure 1-14) allows the GR-5 Base and
Rover systems to be configured and monitored directly in the field.
TopSURV (field data collection software) and TRU (receiver
configuration and monitoring software) can be used on Topcon
controllers to configure and manage the receiver.
FC-25
FC-2500
Figure 1-14. Hand-held Controller Examples
1-24
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
GR-5 Receiver
The ODU-to-alligator clips cable (p/n 14-008097-01LF) connects
the charging cradle or receiver to an auxiliary battery for powering
the receiver during survey operations (Figure 1-15).
Figure 1-15. Auxiliary Power Cable – ODU-to-Alligator Clips
The AA battery pack (Figure 1-16) holds four AA batteries to
provide a portable backup power source for the receiver. Due to
variances in AA battery capacity, and the mode of the receiver and
type of modem, the amount of time the receiver is powered varies.
See “Assembling the AA Battery Shell” on page 2-17 for details on
how to attach the pack to the GR-5.
Figure 1-16. AA Battery Pack
CAUTION
Do not use rechargeable AA batteries.
C Do not use the AA battery shell when the radio
modem is in transmitter mode.
Figure 1-17.
Cradle-to-receiver charging cable (p/n 14-008072-01 (1.5m long)
p/n 14-008072-02 (0.5 m long) Connects the receiver to the charging
cradle for external power (Figure 1-18).
Figure 1-18. Cradle-to-receiver Charging Cable
P/N 7010-1004
1-25
Introduction
Battery Recharger (01-050911-01) Charges the batteries. See
“Charging the Batteries” on page 2-7.
To grounded outlet
Figure 1-19. Battery Recharger
Option Authorization File (OAF)
Topcon Positioning Systems issues an Option Authorization File
(OAF) to enable the specific options that customers purchase. An
Option Authorization File allows customers to customize and
configure the receiver according to particular needs, thus only
purchasing those options needed.
Typically, all receivers ship with a temporary OAF that allows it to be
used for a predetermined period of time. When the receiver is
purchased, a new OAF permanently activates purchased options.
Receiver options remain intact when clearing the NVRAM or
resetting the receiver.
The OAF enables the following kinds of functions. For a complete list
of available options and details, visit the TPS website or consult a
TPS dealer.
1-26
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Option Authorization File (OAF)
• Type of signal (standard L1; optional L2, L5 GPS, GLONASS,
GALILEO)1
• Update rate standard 1Hz (optional 10, 20, 50, or 100 Hz)
• RTK at 10, 20, 50, and 100 Hz
• RTCM/CMR Input/Output
• Advanced multipath reduction
• Satellite Based Augmentation System (WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS)
• RS-232C and USB port connectivity
1. There is no separate option for GALILEO signals in the OAF. The
GR-5 tracks the GIOVE-A and GIOVE-B test satellites. The signals
from these satellites are used for signal evaluation and test purposes
only.
P/N 7010-1004
1-27
Introduction
Notes:
1-28
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Chapter 2
Pre-survey
Preparation
Before beginning to survey with the GR-5 receiver, the following
software needs to be installed and configurations need to be applied:
†
Install receiver configuration software
See “Installing Topcon Software” on page 2-2.
†
Optional: install SDHC card and/or SIM card
See “Installing the Optional SDHC and SIM Cards” on page 2-4.
†
Charge the batteries
See “Charging the Batteries” on page 2-7.
†
Enable power source settings (either attached or external)
See “Power Management” on page 2-11 and “Powering the
Receiver” on page 2-14.
†
Configure the Bluetooth wireless technology module
See “Bluetooth Module Configuration” on page 2-24.
†
Collect almanacs and ephemerides (after first-time configuration
activities as described in Chapter 3)
See “Collecting Almanacs and Ephemerides” on page 2-27.
This chapter also discusses connecting batteries to the receiver,
connecting the receiver and a computer, and powering the receiver
using different sources.
P/N 7010-1004
2-1
Pre-survey Preparation
Installing Topcon Software
The Topcon GPS+ CD includes the following software programs
used for configuring and maintaining the receiver. This software is
also available on the TPS website to registered users.
• PC-CDU Lite ver. 7.12 or newer
• TRU ver. 2.2 or newer
If installing the program(s) from the GPS+ CD, insert the CD into the
computer’s CD-ROM drive. If downloading the program(s) from the
website, extract the program’s files into a folder on the hard drive.
The following sections describe installing this software, and other
sections throughout the manual describe using this software with the
receiver.
Installing PC-CDU
PC-CDU™ is a comprehensive Windows® software product
designed for controlling GNSS receivers developed by Topcon
Positioning Systems. PC-CDU uses the GPS Receiver Interface
Language (GRIL) to configure various receiver settings and diagnose
receiver performance.
The PC-CDU software exists in two versions: a full-functionality
version called PC-CDU MS and a reduced-functionality version
called PC-CDU Lite. PC-CDU Lite is available for free on the
Topcon website or the GPS+ CD.
Computer requirements for PC-CDU are: Windows® 98 or newer
and an RS-232C or USB port, or Bluetooth capable. Use PC-CDU
version 7.12 or newer to correctly configure the receiver.
NOTICE
2-2
Refer to the PC-CDU Reference Manual for full
details on installing and using PC-CDU.
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Installing Topcon Software
To Install PC-CDU:
1. Create a PC-CDU folder on the hard drive and place the
compressed PC-CDU zip file (retrieved from either the website or
the GPS+ CD) in this folder.
2. Navigate to the PC-CDU folder and double-click the PCCDU_MS zip file.
3. Extract the PCCDU.EXE and associated *.dll file to the PC-CDU
folder (Figure 2-1).
4. Create a shortcut on the computer’s desktop for quick access to
PC-CDU (Figure 2-1).
Figure 2-1. Extract Program and Create Shortcut
To uninstall PC-CDU, navigate to the location of the *.exe file.
Select the file and press Delete.
Installing TRU
TRU is a Windows® software application designed for configuring
GNSS receivers, including GNSS boards, modem boards, and
Bluetooth modules.
Computer requirements for TRU are: Microsoft® Windows XP/
Vista/7 operating system and an RS-232C port or computer with
Bluetooth wireless technology. Use TRU to correctly configure the
receiver.
P/N 7010-1004
2-3
Pre-survey Preparation
To install TRU:
1. Navigate to the TRU folder, and double-click TRU.zip.
2. Extract TRU.exe to the TRU folder.
3. Double-click TRU.exe to run the installer, and then follow the
on-screen instructions.
After installation, shortcuts appear on the desktop and in the TRU
menu.
Figure 2-2. TRU Desktop Shortcut
To uninstall TRU, navigate to the location of the *.exe file. Select the
file, and press Delete. Each time TRU runs and configures the
bluetooth module, TRU saves the settings in a file (btconf.ini). TRU
automatically updates the file each time changes are made to the
Bluetooth module’s settings.
Installing the Optional SDHC
and SIM Cards
Behind each detachable battery is a slot for the optional SDHC card
or the optional SIM card. The SDHC card provides memory space in
which to save logged data; the SIM card provides access to
communication over GSM, GPRS, or CDMA services. The SDHC
card can be purchased at a local computer store; the SIM card can be
purchased at a local cellular phone supply store. Although the user
may install an SDHC card of any size, the receiver will recognize
only up to 2 GB of memory. The recognizable capacity is controlled
through the Memory option in an OAF.
Once installed, the card(s) generally remains installed. The card can
then be accessed via the receiver board using a data port or Bluetooth
wireless technology.
2-4
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Installing the Optional SDHC and SIM Cards
To install the SDHC card (Figure 2-3):
1. Ensure the receiver is turned off.
2. Remove the battery to the left of the MINTER.
3. Carefully insert the SDHC card, label side down, into the SDHC
card slot located at the top of the battery compartment.
Figure 2-3. Install SDHC Card
CAUTION
Use only industrial-grade SDHC cardsa. Before
using any other SDHC cards, consult with TPS
technical support about compatibility.
Do not remove the card if the receiver is powered
on. Damage to data may result from improper
removal of the card.
a. Recommended cards: Transcend® Ultra Industrial 2 GB, APRO® Industrial
4GB, SanDisk® Ultra II, or Swissbit® Industrial 2GB.
Once the receiver is turned on, the receiver board will detect the
SDHC card and it will be ready to use as needed.
CAUTION
P/N 7010-1004
Always initialize the file system on the installed
SDHC card before the first use. Initialization
procedure is described on “Initializing the File
System” on page 5-11.
2-5
Pre-survey Preparation
To install the SIM card (Figure 2-4):
The SIM card must support Circuit Switched Data to communicate
directly between receivers. The SIM card must have GPRS support to
communicate over a TCP/IP network.
NOTICE
Both the Base and Rover receivers must have a SIM
card installed (supporting Circuit Switched Data)
and have subscriptions to the same service provider
for proper communication.
1. Ensure the receiver is turned off.
2. Remove the battery to the right of the MINTER.
3. Carefully insert the SIM card, label side up, into the SIM card slot
located at the top of the battery compartment.
Figure 2-4. Install SIM Card
Once the receiver is turned on, the receiver board will detect the SIM
card and it will be ready to use as needed.
2-6
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Charging the Batteries
Charging the Batteries
About the Chargers
The power supply unit or the battery charging cradle can be used to
charge the batteries.
The power supply unit (p/n 22-034101-01) charges the internal
batteries when connected to a grounded outlet (Figure 1-8 on page 121). This unit converts the alternating current (AC) normally supplied
from an electrical outlet to a direct current (DC) used to charge the
batteries and/or power the receiver.
CAUTION
The power supply unit is designed for
indoor use only. Do not use it in damp or
wet environment. Do not expose the
power supply to rain or snow. It should
only be used for charging the batteries.
Do not use as a power source during
surveying.
The power supply unit can be connected to the charging cradle or
directly to the GR-5. The power supply has the following
specifications:
• input voltage – between 100 and 240 V AC
• frequency of input power – between 50 Hz and 60 Hz
• output voltage – 12 V [email protected] A (30 W)
The battery charging cradle (Figure 2-5) connects to a standard
power outlet using the power adapter cable and power cable/power
supply unit.
The charger has two ports, one button, and three LEDs.
• The two ports connect the charger to either a receiver or an
external power source. The ports charge or drain the batteries
simultaneously.
• The STATUS button activates the battery LEDs.
P/N 7010-1004
2-7
Pre-survey Preparation
Press STATUS to display the amount of charge for the
corresponding battery.
• The two battery LEDs display the percentage of charge in the
attached battery.
– Green: indicates greater than 85% charge.
– Orange: indicates an intermediate charge.
– Red: indicates less than 15% charge.
• The power LED lights up when the charger is connected to an
external power source; such as an electrical outlet or another
power source (12 volt battery).
Two power in/out ports
Battery
STATUS
Button
Battery
Power
Figure 2-5. Battery Charger with Batteries
The battery charger can also be attached to a tripod, belt, or RTK pole
to provide external power to the base station or rover.
Before using the GR-5, fully charge the batteries for maximum
operating time (Figure 2-6 on page 2-10).
2-8
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Charging the Batteries
Charging Temperatures
Charge the batteries only in temperatures between
32oF (0oC) and 113oF (45oC).
0oC
32oF
An optimal charging temperature is between 50oF
(10oC) and 77oF (25oC). If possible, charge the
batteries within this temperature range.
o
10 C
50oF
45oC
113oF
25oC
77oF
Charging the Batteries before First
Use
The batteries are shipped from the factory without power. Fully
charge the batteries before surveying. See “Charging Procedure”
below for detailed instructions on how to charge the batteries.
Charging Procedure
There are two ways to charge the GR-5 detachable batteries:
• while they are attached to the GR-5
• while they are attached to the charging cradle
If the batteries are attached to the GR-5 or to the charging cradle, an
approximately 6-hour charge cycle will fully charge the batteries; the
batteries charge simultaneously.
The Li-Ion batteries used in the battery packs should run at no less
than 80% capacity after 500 charging cycles. These batteries do not
need to be drained before recharging.
To charge the batteries using the power supply unit:
1. Plug the receiver-to-SAE power cable into the receiver’s power
input port.
P/N 7010-1004
2-9
Pre-survey Preparation
2. Connect the receiver-to-SAE power cable and the power supplyto-outlet cable to the AC adapter.
3. Plug the power supply-to-outlet cable into an available outlet.
Leave for approximately 6 hours to fully charge the batteries.
To charge the batteries using the charging cradle:
1. Remove the batteries from the receiver and insert them into the
charging cradle.
2. Connect the power cable to the power supply unit.
3. Connect the SAE connectors on the power adapter cable and
power supply unit.
4. Connect the power adapter cable to one of the ports on the
charging cradle (either port will charge both/either battery).
5. Plug the power supply to an available outlet. Leave for
approximately 6 hours to fully charge the batteries.
To grounded outlet
Figure 2-6. Insert Batteries in Charger and Connect to Outlet
Leaving the Batteries on Charge
The batteries can be safely left in the receiver or the charging cradle
once charging is complete. Doing so will not overcharge or damage
the batteries.
The batteries can also be attached/detached to/from the receiver or
charging cradle at any time without harming the batteries, the
2-10
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Power Management
receiver, or the cradle. When returning the batteries to the receiver or
cradle, charging is automatically resumed.
Power Management
Topcon’s PC-CDU software provides an interface for various
configuration, monitoring, and management functions for the
receiver.
For power management of the receiver, PC-CDU enables the power
source, enables the charging mode, and displays the current voltage
for the batteries.
1. Connect the receiver and computer. See “Connecting the
Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21 for this procedure.
2. Once connected, click Configuration Receiver.
3. Select the Power Mode drop-down list to set the power source
(Figure 2-7). Current Mode displays the current power source; if
using the cradle, it will show “extbat.”
• Auto – receiver automatically selects the power source
• Mix – the batteries will discharge almost simultaneously
• Battery A – both batteries will discharge in sequence: first A,
then B, A, B, and so forth. In this case, battery B will last 1 to
2 hours longer.
• Battery B – both batteries will discharge in sequence: first B,
then A, B, A, and so forth. In this case, battery A will last 1 to
2 hours longer.
• External – receiver will use an external power source.
P/N 7010-1004
2-11
Pre-survey Preparation
Figure 2-7. Select Power Mode
4. Select the Charger Mode drop-down list to set the charger mode
(Figure 2-8 on page 2-12). Current Mode displays the charging
battery: a, b, ab, or none (off).
• Off – receiver will not charge batteries
• Charge A – receiver will charge only battery A
• Charge B – receiver will charge only battery B
• Auto – receiver automatically detects and charges both
batteries
Figure 2-8. Select Charger Mode
5. Select the Turn on/off Slots drop-down list to set power output
on internal slots (Figure 2-9).
• On – slot C is powered if the receiver is turned on
2-12
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Power Management
• Off – internal slot is not powered even if the receiver is
turned on
• Always – internal slot is powered even if the receiver is
turned off
Figure 2-9. Select Power Output Modes – Ports and Slots
6. View the Voltages information (Figure 2-10 on page 2-13).
• External – displays the external power supply’s voltage
• On Board – displays the voltage drawn by the receiver board
• Battery A – displays the voltage of battery A
• Battery B – displays the voltage of battery B
Figure 2-10. View Voltages Information
P/N 7010-1004
2-13
Pre-survey Preparation
7. Select the Enable Low Power Mode check box to put the
receiver’s processor into low power consumption mode
(Figure 2-11).
Figure 2-11. Enable and Apply Power Settings
8. Click Apply.
Powering the Receiver
When powered from the internal batteries, the receiver constantly
switches from one battery to the other, maintaining a difference of
0.4 V between the batteries.
To check the status of the internal batteries, view the BATT LED
or check the status using available Topcon software.
• Check the BATT LEDs for battery status.
– A green light indicates greater than 85% charge.
– An orange light indicates an intermediate charge.
– A red light indicates less than 15% charge. Recharge or
replace the battery as soon as possible.
• Do one of the following using PC-CDU:
– Click on Configuration Receiver to view battery voltages
on the Receiver Configuration screen.
– Click on Help About to view battery voltages on the About
PC-CDU screen.
2-14
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Powering the Receiver
Using the Detachable Batteries
The GR-5 receiver comes with two detachable, rechargeable batteries
and an AA battery shell. Each battery can provide between 5 and 10
(approximate) hours of operation at room temperature, depending on
the mode of the receiver and the capacity of the battery.
Table 2-1. Estimated Operating Times Using Two Fully-charged Batteries
Common Conditions: Bluetooth = on; 10-12 SV tracked; using the detachable
batteries; room temperature
For the GR-5 with FH915+ Modem
Receive only mode
14 hours
250mW transmission mode
12 hoursa
1W transmission mode
10 hoursa
GSM/GPRS in urban areas
13 hours
For the GR-5 with Digital Modem
Receive only mode
14 hours
0.5W transmission mode
12 hoursa
1W transmission mode
9 hoursa
GSM/GPRS in urban areas
12 hours
For the GR-5 with Satel Modem
Receive only mode
14 hours
0.5W transmission mode
12 hoursa
1W transmission mode
11 hoursa
GSM/GPRS in urban areas
12 hours
Common Conditions: 10–12 SV tracked; using the detachable batteries; room
temperature
For the GR-5 with Any Modem
Modem off
20 hours
Common Conditions: 10–12 SV tracked; using the battery shells and AA
batteries; room temperature
For the GR-5 with Any Modem
Modem off
2.5 hours
a. At 1 Hz correction rate, charger off.
P/N 7010-1004
2-15
Pre-survey Preparation
Attaching the Batteries
To attach the batteries to the GR-5 (Figure 2-12):
1. With the battery slightly tipped, place the bottom of the battery
into the bottom of the battery compartment.
2. Gently push the top of the battery into the battery compartment
until it snaps into place. Make sure that the clip at the top of the
battery completely snaps into place.
Figure 2-12. Insert the GR-5 Batteries
Detaching the Batteries
To detach the batteries from the GR-5, so that they can be charged or
replaced:
Using the clip at the top of the battery, gently pull down and out to
detach the battery from the receiver (Figure 2-13).
2-16
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Powering the Receiver
Figure 2-13. Detach the GR-5 Batteries
Assembling the AA Battery Shell
To assemble the AA battery shell to the GR-5 (Figure 2-14):
CAUTION
Do not use rechargeable AA batteries.
Do not use the AA battery shell when the radio
modem is in transmitter mode.
-
+
-
+
+
-
+
-
1. Slide the back cover of the AA battery shell down and lift off.
2. Insert four AA batteries as shown on the inside of the shell (and
in Figure 2-14 below).
• The batteries on the left lay with the positive end towards the
bottom of the shell.
• The batteries on the right lay with the positive end towards
the top of the shell.
3. Replace the back cover of the shell.
Figure 2-14. Remove Cover and Insert AA Batteries
P/N 7010-1004
2-17
Pre-survey Preparation
4. Insert the AA battery shell into the battery compartment of the
receiver as shown in “To attach the batteries to the GR-5
(Figure 2-12):” on page 2-16.
Surveying while Charging
The user can execute any kind of surveying while charging the
internal batteries attached to the GR-5 without degradation of
performance.
CAUTION
While charging, make sure the air temperature is
between +32 oF (0 oC) and +113 oF (+45 oC). This
is important to prevent serious damage to the
batteries, the receiver or injury to persons.
Changing the Batteries while Surveying
It is safe to change a depleted battery with a fully charged one while
surveying (i.e., on the fly) without turning off the receiver. Before
doing this, make sure the other battery has enough charge to power
the receiver while changing the depleted battery. The surveying will
not be disrupted. If needed, repeat this procedure for the second
battery.
Using an Auxiliary Power Source
In addition to the attached batteries, the receiver connects to external
batteries. External batteries allow for continuous use of the receiver in
case the internal batteries become discharged.
NOTE
The batteries in the charging cradle do not charge
the internal/detachable batteries.
The charging cradle is used to power the receiver.
To connect the receiver to the charging cradle (Figure 2-15):
The charging cradle with extra batteries hooks onto a tripod or belt
for a convenient power supply for the receiver. The part number for
the receiver-to-charger cradle cable is 14-008072-01 or 14-00807202.
2-18
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Powering the Receiver
1. Connect one end of the cradle-to-receiver cable to the charging
cradle.
2. Connect the other end to the power port on the receiver.
Connecting the charging
cradle and the receiver using the
cradle-to-receiver charging cable
Figure 2-15. Connect the Charging Cradle and Receiver
To connect the receiver to an auxiliary battery (Figure 2-16 on
page 2-20):
Use the ODU-to-alligator clips cable (p/n 14-008097-01LF) to
directly connect the auxiliary battery and the receiver’s power port
(without SAE).
NOTICE
P/N 7010-1004
When powering the receiver using external
batteries, set the charger mode to Off. Otherwise,
the detachable batteries will also charge, causing
operation time to decrease. See “Power
Management” on page 2-11 for more information
on setting the charger mode.
2-19
Pre-survey Preparation
1. Connect the ODU-to-alligator clips cable to a 12-volt battery.
2. Connect the ODU-to-alligator clips cable to the receiver’s power
port.
3. Turn on the receiver.
From receiver to
auxiliary battery
using ODU-toalligator clips
cable.
Figure 2-16. Connect an Auxiliary Battery and the Receiver
A single external 12 V, 2.3 A*h battery should run the receiver and
modem for about 9 hours and the receiver for 13 hours.
Turning On/Off the Receiver
To turn ON the receiver, press and hold the power button until the
LEDs briefly flash.
To turn OFF the receiver, press and hold the power button for more
than one and less than four seconds (until both the STAT and the
REC LEDs are off). This delay (about 1 second) prevents the receiver
from being turned off by mistake.
2-20
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Connecting the Receiver and a Computer
Connecting the Receiver and a
Computer
Topcon’s TRU and PC-CDU software products provide an interface
for various configuration, monitoring, and management functions for
the receiver.
To configure, manage files, or maintain the receiver, connect the
receiver and a computer using one of the following methods and start
TRU or PC-CDU:
• a Bluetooth-enabled external device (computer/controller)
• an RS232 cable and a computer/controller
• a USB cable and a computer/controller with the TPS USB driver
installed (for PC-CDU only)
Once a connection between the receiver and the computer/controller
has been established:
• configure the receiver and its components
• send commands to the receiver
• download files from the receiver’s memory
• upload new firmware using TRU
• upload an OAF
• upload configuration files to a receiver
Establishing a Wireless Connection
The GR-5 receiver contains Bluetooth wireless technology that
allows file transfer and synchronization between the receiver and any
other external device that supports Bluetooth wireless technology; for
example, an FC-250, or a computer with USB-to-Bluetooth adapter
or PCMCA-to-Bluetooth adapter installed.
P/N 7010-1004
2-21
Pre-survey Preparation
NOTICE
Changing the receiver’s Port D default settings will
affect the Bluetooth link. The default settings for
Port D are: 115200 bps, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no
parity, and no handshaking.
The receiver and external device connection procedure varies slightly
depending on the type of external device used. In general, the
connection procedure is as follows.
NOTICE
Refer to the Bluetooth-enabled external device
documentation for detailed connection information.
1. Turn on a Bluetooth-enabled external device and the receiver.
The default external device mode is Master; the receiver’s
Bluetooth module mode is Slave.
2. Instruct the external device (Master) to search for the receiver
(Slave).
3. Once the Master device detects the receiver, use the procedure
described in the external device’s documentation to connect it
with the receiver.
4. Connect to the configuration software (TRU, and so on) as
described in the configuration sections.
If a connection cannot be established, check that the receiver’s slot
two is enabled.
1. Connect the receiver and a computer using an RS232 cable or
USB cable and PC-CDU as seen below.
2. Click Configuration Receiver General.
3. In the Turn on/off Slots area, ensure the Slot 2 (C) check box is
enabled.
2-22
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Connecting the Receiver and a Computer
Establishing an Serial (RS232) Cable
Connection
1. Using the RS232 cable, connect the serial port of the computer
(usually COM1) to the receiver’s serial port.
2. Press the power button on the receiver to turn it on.
3. Run TRU.
4. Click Device Application mode and select Receiver
Managing mode.
5. Click Device Connect. The Connection Parameters dialog box
displays. To establish a connection to the receiver, press the
Connect button. When detecting the receiver, the Detecting
Receiver dialog box displays.
Figure 2-17. Stages for Connecting the Receiver via Serial Cable
6. To close the serial connection to the receiver, click
Device
P/N 7010-1004
Disconnect:
2-23
Pre-survey Preparation
NOTE
To successfully connect to the GR-5 receiver, do
not check the External Receiver checkbox in the
Connection Parameters dialog box.
See “Configuring the Receiver Using TRU” on page 3-19 for more
information on configuring the receiver.
Establishing a USB Connection
Make sure the computer has the TPS USB driver installed and that the
USB option is enabled.
1. Using the USB cable, connect the USB port of the computer to
the receiver’s USB port.
2. Press the power buttons on the receiver and computer to turn
them on.
3. Connect to the configuration software (PC-CDU) as described in
the “Configuring the Receiver Using PC-CDU” on page 3-32.
Bluetooth Module
Configuration
Use TRU, and the computer to:
• access the Bluetooth wireless technology module
• configure the Bluetooth module
• check or change the module’s configuration
To access the Bluetooth wireless technology module, first download
and install TRU, then connect the computer and the receiver and run
the configuration program. See “Installing Topcon Software” on
page 2-2 for details.
Once TRU is available, follow these steps to configure the Bluetooth
module.
2-24
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Bluetooth Module Configuration
1. Using the RS232 cable, connect the serial port of the computer
(usually COM1) to the receiver’s serial port. If needed, turn on
the receiver and computer.
2. Run the TRU program and click Device Application Mode
Receiver Managing. Then click Device
Connect (Figure 218).
Figure 2-18. TRU – Connecting (1)
3. Select the COM Port of the computer to which the receiver is
connected and click Connect (Figure 2-19).
Figure 2-19. TRU – Connecting (2)
P/N 7010-1004
2-25
Pre-survey Preparation
4. On the TRU Main Screen, click on the Receiver Settings icon
Connect and then on the Bluetooth icon to connect to Bluetooth
module (Figure 2-20).
Figure 2-20. Select Communication Port and Click Connect
Once connected, the Bluetooth window (Figure 2-21) displays
the following information:
• Name – enter up to 14 characters to set a unique name for the
Bluetooth module.
• PIN – enter up to 16 characters to specify a personal
identification number for the Bluetooth module.
• Encryption – enable to have the Bluetooth module encrypt
wirelessly sent data. To read encrypted data, the user must
have the same PIN used in the device that sent the data.
• Authentication – enable to require a PIN before two
Bluetooth enabled devices (such as, the receiver and a
computer) can establish a communication link. The two
devices must use the same PIN.
• Bluetooth name – the name of the Bluetooth module.
2-26
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Collecting Almanacs and Ephemerides
• Bluetooth address – the unique electronic address for the
module.
• Firmware base – the current firmware base version.
• Firmware version – the current firmware version of the
Bluetooth module.
Figure 2-21. Bluetooth Parameters
5. Click OK then Device
Disconnect to quit TRU.
Collecting Almanacs and
Ephemerides
Each satellite broadcasts a navigation message that includes the
ephemeris parameters of the satellite, the almanac, and various other
information. The ephemeris parameters describe the orbital motion of
the satellite and are used to predict its location/trajectory. The
almanac gives the approximate orbit (course) for the transmitting
satellite and all other satellites in the same system.
• GPS and GLONASS satellites broadcast ephemeris data
cyclically, with a period of 30 seconds.
• GPS satellites broadcast almanac data cyclically with a period of
12.5 minutes; GLONASS satellites broadcast almanac data
cyclically with a period of 2.5 minutes.
P/N 7010-1004
2-27
Pre-survey Preparation
If the receiver has an almanac, the time needed to search for and lock
onto satellite signals is considerably reduced.
The receiver regularly updates the almanac and ephemerides and
stores the most recent versions in its Non-Volatile Random Access
Memory (NVRAM).
Perform the following to collect Alamac and Ephemerides data:
1. Set up the receiver in a location with a clear view of the sky.
2. Turn on the receiver.
3. Wait for about 15 minutes while the receiver collects complete
almanac and ephemeris data from the satellites.
NOTICE
If 15 minutes have passed and the receiver does not
lock onto satellites, clear the NVRAM. See
“Clearing the NVRAM” on page 5-17 for details.
Collect or update the almanac and ephemerides under the following
circumstances:
• If the receiver has been off for a long time.
• If the last known receiver position, stored in the NVRAM, is
different from the present position by several hundred kilometers.
• After loading a new OAF.
• After loading new firmware.
• After clearing the NVRAM.
• Before surveying
2-28
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
GR-5 Configuration
Both Base and Rover receivers must be configured according to the
survey method needed.
• In applications where real-time positioning results are required,
the Base receiver provides the correction information needed to
properly calculate the location of the Rover receiver.
A Base station is normally set up over a known point and collects
GPS/GLONASS data from satellites. As the receiver picks up
satellite data, it measures the carrier and code phases to
accurately compute and verify its location. Then, the receiver
transmits this information via a radio to the Rover receiver.
• The Rover receiver applies correction information from the Base
station to its current location to accurately calculate one or more
points.
Rovers are mobile GPS receivers on a survey pole or bipod that
compares the information from the Base station to the data it logs
from satellites and applies correction algorithms to accurately
calculate a new point.
• In applications intended for post-processing, the receivers
typically log code phase and/or carrier phase measurements
separately from common satellites and during the same time
interval. This data is then processed using post-processing
software (for example, Topcon Tools).
When configuring receivers for RTK surveying, use the following
checklist to ensure the receivers are properly set up.
†
Perform pre-survey functions as described in Chapter 2.
†
Configure one receiver as an RTK Base station and the other
receiver as an RTK Rover. See “Configuring the Receiver Using
PC-CDU” on page 3-31.
†
Configure the communication data link for transmitting and
receiving corrections See “Modem Configuration” on page 3-4.
P/N 7010-1004
3-1
GR-5 Configuration
†
Set up the Base receiver over a known point to begin collecting
static observation data and transmitting corrections. Set up the
Rover receiver to begin collecting RTK data. See “Receiver
Setup” on page 4-1 for more information.
When configuring receivers for post-processing surveying, use
the following checklist to ensure the receivers are properly set up.
†
Perform pre-survey functions as described in Chapter 2.
†
Configure one receiver as a Base station and the other receiver as
a Rover. See “Configuring the Receiver Using PC-CDU” on
page 3-31.
†
Set up the Base receiver over a known point to begin collecting
static observation data. Set up the Rover receiver to begin
collecting static or kinematic observation data. See “Receiver
Setup” on page 4-1 for more information.
Managing the Radio Modem
TRU is Topcon’s radio modem configuration utility for modems
embedded in Topcon receivers. TRU provides the following
functions:
• Connecting a computer to an integrated radio modem via a serial
port or Bluetooth wireless technology.
• Displaying information about the radio modem installed in the
receiver.
• Programming the radio modem’s settings.
To configure the radio modem, have the following ready:
• PC running Windows 2000 or newer
• TRU
• A Serial cable or Bluetooth wireless technology capabilities
3-2
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Managing the Radio Modem
Connecting with the Radio Modem
1. Turn on the receiver. Connect the computer and receiver using an
RS-232 cable or Bluetooth wireless technology.
2. Open TRU. Click Device
Application Mode
Modem
Managing. Then click Device
Connect.
Figure 3-1. Modem Managing
3. Select the COM Port of the computer to which the receiver is
connected.
4. Select the COM Port the receiver is connected to. Click OK.
Figure 3-2. Select COM Port
P/N 7010-1004
3-3
GR-5 Configuration
5. All internal modems for the GR-5 are on port C. Select the
Internal Modem check box and choose ser/c from the drop-down
menu. Click Connect.
Figure 3-3. Connection Parameters
6. TRU will search through port speeds and flow settings until it
finds the modem.
Figure 3-4. Detecting Modem
When the modem is found TRU will return to the Main Screen.
Modem Configuration
After connecting to TRU, configure the radio modem as detailed in
the following sections.
3-4
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Managing the Radio Modem
Configuring a Digital UHF Radio Modem
NOTICE
To comply with RF exposure requirements,
maintain at least 25cm between the user and the
radio modem.
1. On the TRU Main Screen in Modem Managing mode doubleclick on the Settings icon to configure the GR-5 internal modem.
Figure 3-5. Modem Managing
2. If the GR-5 contains a Digital UHF modem (other name Digital
AW401), the Topcon Digital UHF screen appears. The General
tab displays information on the modem model, and the product
identification.
P/N 7010-1004
3-5
GR-5 Configuration
Figure 3-6. Modem General Information
3. Click on the Settings tab to open a list of settings of the modem
(see Figure 3-7 on page 3-6). The settings list varies depending
on the modem model and possibly the firmware version.
The settings can be read-only (marked by the
icon) or
changeable (marked by the
icon).
Figure 3-7. UHF Modem Settings
• Mode – displays whether the UHF or GSM/CDMA band is used
for communication.
3-6
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Managing the Radio Modem
• Baud rate – select a baud rate for the modem’s serial port. The
user can adjust the baud rate. This is the flow rate on the serial
port connecting the modem to the GPS board. 38400 is the
recommended rate with this radio.
WARNING
Do not attempt to use 115200 as this will cause the
modem to stop communicating to the GPS board.
• Flow Control – controls the flow of data between the receiver
and modem. Enables software/hardware flow control.
• Modulation – selects a modulation type for the base radio
modem. For most applications the recommended setting is
GMSK. Select either DBPSK if using the Simplex protocol or
GMSK if using Trimble or PDL.
• Protocol – sets the protocol for data transmission. Select Simplex
(GMSK proprietary protocol) to work with Digital UHF
compatible modems. Note that the same protocol must be used
for both the base and rover to communicate properly.
• Repeater – enables retransmission in the wireless cluster
(Simplex only).
• Power – sets the transmission power for the base radio modem
(from 10 mW to 1W).
• Space – sets the channel step.
• Channel – assigns an operating channel to the radio modem.
Each channel uses a unique communication frequency. Select the
desired frequency from the channel list. Note that the same
channel must be used for both the base and rover to communicate
properly.
• Scrambler – provides more robust data communication over
high interference areas (must be used with GMSK).
• FEC – (Forward Error Correction) enables to maximize data
communication. The rover radio modem has the capability to
check and correct transmission errors (if any) in an incoming data
stream.
P/N 7010-1004
3-7
GR-5 Configuration
Link Rate dependence on the modulation and the space value is
presented in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1. Link Rate vs. Modulation and Space Value
Modulation
Space Values
12.5 kHz
25 kHz
DBPSK
Differential Binary
(not recommended) Phase Shift Keying
4.8 kbps
9.6 kbps
DQPSK
9.6 kbps
19.2 kbps
Differential Quadrature
Phase Shift Keying
D8PSK
Eight Phase Shift Keying
(not recommended)
14.4 kbps 28.8 kbps
16QAM
Sixteen Quadrature
(not recommended) Amplitude Modulation
19.2 kbps 38.4 kbps
GMSK
Minimal Shift Keying
with Gaussian Filtering
4.8 kbps
9.6 kbps
4FSK
(not supported at
this time)
Four Level Frequency
Shift Keying
9.6 kbps
19.2 kbps
4. When finished configuring the radio modem, always disconnect
from TRU before exiting to prevent conflicts with serial port
management.
If needed, launch TRU and set up the receiver to run as an RTK
Base station or RTK Rover.
3-8
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Managing the Radio Modem
Configuring an FH915+ Radio Modem
NOTICE
To comply with RF exposure requirements,
maintain at least 25cm between the user and the
radio modem.
1. On the TRU Main Screen in Modem Managing mode doubleclick on the Settings icon to configure the GR-5 internal modem.
This page is intentionally left blank
Figure 3-8. Modem Managing
2. If the GR-5 contains an FH915+ modem, the Topcon - FH915+
screen appears. The General tab displays the manufacturer, the
modem model, and the product identification information.
P/N 7010-1004
3-9
GR-5 Configuration
This page is intentionally
left blank
Figure 3-9. Settings - General Page
3. Click on the Settings tab to open a list of settings of the modem
(see Figure 3-7 on page 3-6). The settings list varies depending
on the modem model and possibly the firmware version.
• Pressing the Refresh button
renews the list.
• Pressing the Import button
imports settings from a file.
• Pressing the Export button
saves settings in a file.
• Pressing the Load button
3-10
writes new setting into the modem.
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Managing the Radio Modem
• The settings can be read-only (marked by the
changeable (marked by the
icon).
icon) or
This page is intentionally left blank
Figure 3-10. Settings - Settings Page
The Settings page allows viewing and changing general
communication parameters, and parameters specific for the modem.
To change any editable parameter, click on the Value field of the
highlighted parameter and select a desired value from the drop-down
list appear.
• General parameters:
• Baud Rate, baud – specifies the baud rate of the modem's
serial port connected internally with the receiver's serial port.
It can be 57600 (default), 38400 or 19200.
• Flow Control – enables/disables the RTS line of the modem's
serial port connected internally with the receiver's serial port.
It can be either RTS/CTS (default) or None.
P/N 7010-1004
3-11
GR-5 Configuration
• Radio parameters:
• Protocol – sets an operation protocol. It can be either FH915
(default) or FH915 Ext.
• Location – adjusts the frequency range and RF power level
depending on the country. It can be USA/Canada (default),
Australia or New Zealand.
• Operation Mode – specifies the mode in which the radio
modem will be functioning. It can be Receiver (default),
Transmitter, Repeater or None.
• Power, mW – sets the transmission power for the base radio
modem. It can be either 250 or 1000 mW (default).
• Link Rate, baud – specifies the rate at which data is
transmitted over the RF link in FH915 protocol. It can be
This page is intentionally left blank
9600, 12000, 17000, 24000, or 51000 bauds.
• Ext Link Rate, baud – specifies the rate at which data is
transmitted over the RF link in FH915 Ext. protocol. It can
be 3600, 4800, 6600, 9600 (default), 19200 bauds.
• Channel – this feature allows up to ten simultaneously
transmitting radio modems, without interference, at the
jobsite (1- default).
• GSM parameters:
• Mode – specifies the GSM modem operation mode. It can be
Off (default), Slave, Master, or Direct.
• PIN – specifies the PIN code for access to the GSM modem.
It can be a 4-digit number.
• Dial – specifies the phone number that the GSM modem will
dial in to (when in Master mode). It can be a number from
0 to 14 digits.
• Send Time, s – specifies a time interval in seconds, is used to
ensure reliable communication between the pair of modems
(master - slave) and avoid unnecessary modem
3-12
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Managing the Radio Modem
reinitialization. The transmitting modem will send the service
word to the receiving modem in every ‘sndtime’ seconds.
NOTICE
The service word does not affect the differential
corrections (RTCM or CMR messages) in any way.
If the parameter is set to zero, the service word is
not be used in data transmission.
• Advanced parameters:
• H/W Version – queries the hardware version of the board.
• Net ID – sets network ID. A radio link can only be
established between modems having the same Net ID. It can
be the number in the range from 0 (default) to 255.
This page is intentionally left blank
• Rep Net ID – sets a new Rep Net ID parameter for Repeater
type. A modem with Repeater type set carries out
retransmission with other Rep Net ID that is different from
receiving Net ID. In this mode, it is possible to set different
Net IDs for received and retransmitted signals. It can be the
number in the range from 0 (default) to 255.
• Hot Lock, s – sets time to keep synchronization after signal
drop. It can be 5, 10, 20, 30 (default), or 40 seconds.
• Save Power – enables/disables (default) Power Saving mode.
The transmitter and receiver must be set to the same mode.
4. When finished configuring the radio modem, always disconnect
from TRU before exiting to prevent conflicts with serial port
management.
If needed, launch TRU and set up the receiver to run as an RTK
Base station or RTK Rover.
P/N 7010-1004
3-13
GR-5 Configuration
Configuring a Satel Radio Modem
NOTICE
To comply with RF exposure requirements,
maintain at least 25cm between the user and the
radio modem.
1. On the TRU Main Screen in Modem Managing mode doubleclick on the Settings icon to configure the GR-5 internal modem.
This page is intentionally left blank
Figure 3-11. Modem Managing
3-14
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Managing the Radio Modem
2. If the GR-5 contains a Satel modem, the Satel screen appears.
The General tab displays the modem model, and the product
identification information.
This page is intentionally left blank
Figure 3-12. Settings - General Tab
3. Click on the Settings tab to open a list of settings of the modem.
The Settings tab shows: general information about the modem
type, software and hardware revisions, product code and serial
number, and displays a list of settings for the modem (Figure 310 on page 3-11).
The UHF Satel radio modem offers a transmitter/receiver
functionality with a maximum 1W power output for data
transmission. The frequency range of the modem depends on the
country in which the receiver is used.
NOTICE
P/N 7010-1004
The default settings for radio configuration are
sufficient for most jobsites. Changing these settings
can affect the operation of the radio modem and
communication between receivers.
3-15
GR-5 Configuration
• The settings can be read-only (marked by the
icon) or
changeable (marked by the
icon). Clicking on the
corresponding line in the Value column opens a field to enter or
select from the drop-down list a needed value (see Figure 3-10).
This page is intentionally left blank
Figure 3-13. Settings - Settings Tab
• Baud Rate, baud - specifies the baud rate of the modem's serial
port connected internally with the receiver's serial port, by default
with hardware flow control. It can be 19200, or 38400 (default).
• Current Frequency, MHz - sets the operating frequency used for
data transmission / reception (from the list defined by the user).
• Signal Threshold, dBm - sets the modem sensitivity (default -112
dBm). Possible values -118..-80.
• Output Power, mW - sets the appropriate level of output power.
Possible values: 100, 200, 500, and 1000 mW (default).
• FCS - sets to OFF for configuring the radio-modem with a
dedicated channel. Select Master for the Base, and Slave for the
Rover.
3-16
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Managing the Radio Modem
In free channel scan mode, the Base radio modem will regularly
scan the current operating frequency to determine the degree of a
radio noise (interference). Should the level of noise on the current
operating frequency be greater than the threshold specified in this
field, the transmitter will stop broadcasting and switch to the next
frequency. It can be Off (default), Master, Slave, Repeater,
Master + Repeater, or Slave + Repeater.
• Protocol - selects a modulation type for the base radio modem
from Satel 3AS (default), PacCrest 4FSK, PacCrest GMSK w/
EOT.
• Satel FEC - (Forward Error Correction) enable to maximize data
communication. The rover radio modem has the capability to
check and correct transmission errors (if any) in an incoming data
This page
is intentionally left blank
stream.
• Spacing, kHz - shows the channel step. It can be 12.5, 20, 25.
NOTICE
To properly communicate, the Base and Rover
radios require the same settings for Current
Frequency, Signal Threshold Level, FCS, Spacing,
and so on.
• Pressing the Refresh button
renews the list.
• Pressing the Import button
imports settings from a file.
• Pressing the Export button
saves settings in a file.
• Pressing the Load button
writes new setting into the modem.
4. When finished configuring the radio modem, always disconnect
from TRU before exiting to prevent conflicts with serial port
management.
P/N 7010-1004
3-17
GR-5 Configuration
5. Press the Functions tab to invoke the modem's functions.
This page is intentionally left blank
Figure 3-14. Settings - Functions Tab
• Function – shows a list of available functions.
– AddChannel: This command is intended to add an operating
frequency from a list defined by the dealer to the list defined
by the user.
– DeleteAllChannel: Intended to delete all operating
frequencies from the list defined by the user.
• Execute – starts executing the selected function.
• Input Parameters – shows a list of incoming parameters for the
selected function. These parameters should be initialized properly
before the function is executed.
• Output Parameters – shows a list of values returned by the
function.
If the function is executed for a long period of time, and the modem
can return different messages during the execution, a terminal dialog
displays. The dialog shows all information sent by the modem while
the function is in execution.
6. When finished configuring the radio modem, always disconnect
from TRU before exiting to prevent conflicts with serial port
management. If needed, launch TRU and set up the receiver to
run as an RTK Base station or RTK Rover.
3-18
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Configuring the Receiver Using TRU
Configuring the Receiver Using
TRU
The GR-5 can be configured in several ways for collecting data for
RTK or post-processing.
• A static Base station collects measurement information and saves
this data to its internal memory.
• An RTK Base station collects measurement information,
determines differential corrections, and transmits them to the
RTK Rover(s).
• A static Rover collects observation data from the same satellites
during the same time interval as the static Base station.
• An RTK Rover collects measurement information and accepts
corrections from the RTK Base station to compute its relative
position.
To configure, manage files, or maintain the receiver, connect the
receiver and a computer using one of the following methods, and start
TRU:
• use a Bluetooth-enabled external device (computer)
• use an RS232 cable
TRU is Topcon’s GNSS receiver configuration software. For more
information on any of the procedures in this section or on TRU, refer
to the TRU Reference Manual.
TRU configures the various parts of the receiver, saving the settings
in the receiver’s memory. These settings are reflected when using the
LED Display Panel.
Once the receiver and the computer have established a connection,
the user can:
• configure the receiver and its components
• send commands to the receiver
• download files from the receiver’s memory
• load a new OAF and other configuration files to a receiver
P/N 7010-1004
3-19
GR-5 Configuration
The following Base and Rover configurations are recommended for
the most common applications; however, the user can select
configuration parameters as needed for the particular jobsite.
WARNING
Do not make other changes without consulting the
TRU Reference Manual.
1. Connect the receiver and computer as described in “Connecting
the Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21.
2. Start TRU on the computer. The TRU Main Screen displays
(TRU). Initially the tools are inactive.
Figure 3-15. TRU Main Screen
3. Select Device Application Mode Receiver Managing.
4. Click Device Connect.
5. On the Connection Parameters dialog box, select the following
parameters:
3-20
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Configuring the Receiver Using TRU
• Connect Using – select either Serial Port or Bluetooth device for
communication.
NOTICE
Bluetooth transport may not be available in the
following situations: the device-specific Bluetooth
stack is not supported by the Application, or the
Bluetooth power is turned off. If the Bluetooth
power is off, please turn on the Bluetooth power
before using the Bluetooth manager.
• Port name – shows physical and friendly name for the port. The
Application remembers the last used transport, and the last
successful port/device name for every transport, so it is easy to
connect to the same device.
• If necessary, use the list button on the right of the Port name field
to choose a port from the Select a Port dialog.
6. Click Connect (Figure 3-16).
Figure 3-16. Connection Parameters
P/N 7010-1004
3-21
GR-5 Configuration
Once a TRU connection with the receiver has been established,
the Tools become active (Figure 3-17).
Figure 3-17. TRU Connection Established
7. Select the Receiver Settings icon. Then use the Receiver
Settings icons to configure the connected receiver.
Figure 3-18. Receiver Settings
3-22
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Configuring the Receiver Using TRU
8. Click the Tracking icon, and set the antenna type used with the
connected receiver (Figure 3-19).
Figure 3-19. Set Antenna Usage
9. Click the Observation tab, and set the Elevation mask to 15
degrees for satellites tracking and position computation
(Figure 3-20), also the PDOP mask for position computation,
then click OK.
Figure 3-20. Configure Receiver Positioning – Elevation Mask
10. Click the Advanced tab. Set the following parameters, and click
OK (Figure 3-21 on page 3-24).
P/N 7010-1004
3-23
GR-5 Configuration
• C/A code multipath reduction – when selected, enables the
use of a special signal processing technique for reduction of
C/A code phase multipath.
• C/A carrier phase multipath reduction – when selected,
enables the use of a special signal processing technique for
reduction of C/A carrier phase multipath.
• Cinderella – when selected, enables the Cinderella option
which sets all receiver options to their maximum allowable
values for 24 hours every other Tuesday at GPS midnight.
• Static Co-Op tracking – when selected, allows only the static
receiver to use satellites with lower signal-to-noise ratios. In
the current firmware, this parameter is disabled and is
retained for future updates.
Figure 3-21. Configure Advanced Parameters
11. For the Base receiver, click the Auto Seed icon, and set the
following parameters (Figure 3-22 on page 3-25), then click OK.
• Enable Auto Seed (not recommended for survey users):
when selected, enables the Auto-Seed functionality for the
base receiver. Auto-seed feature will provide users the ability
to quickly setup and begin RTK operations without using an
external interface to localize the base receiver. The user will
simply set up over a mark and power up. The base receiver
will automatically select a new position gathered by
autonomous averaging and save it for later re-occupation.
3-24
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Configuring the Receiver Using TRU
• Maximum distance: if the point has been previously
occupied and the receiver position falls within proper
tolerance, it will select a point from positions stored in
memory.
• Enable averaging mode: select to enable averaging
autonomous positions for a occupation point with the interval
set in the Position averaging interval field in seconds.
Figure 3-22. Base Configuration
• Click View the point list to open a list of previous occupations
saved in the receiver memory. This Auto Seed, Point List
contains information about all occupations which stored in the
receiver memory: names, date and time, coordinates of phase
center and/or antenna reference point, whether the point was auto
determined and protected from deleting. For details on
configuring the Auto Seed functionality, refer to the TRU
Reference Manual.
NOTE
P/N 7010-1004
To specify your base station coordinates without
using Auto Seed, go to Terminal and enter the
coordinates using the corresponding GRIL
command.
3-25
GR-5 Configuration
12. To choose the RTK input format for the Base receiver, click
dev/ser/c and click Properties from the Receiver Ports screen.
Then select cmd as the Input Mode in the dev/ser/c Properties
screen (Figure 3-23) and click Messages.
Figure 3-23. RTK Input Format
• Click Messages Add new message. Then click the (...) more
button to display the Receiver Message List screen.
3-26
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Configuring the Receiver Using TRU
Figure 3-24. Add New Message
P/N 7010-1004
3-27
GR-5 Configuration
• From the Receiver Message List screen, click (+) to expand the
rtcm3 list and select 1006 (Stationary Antenna Reference Point,
with Height Information. Press OK.
Figure 3-25. Choose Message
13. For the Rover receiver, click the Positioning icon, and set the
following parameters, then click OK (Figure 3-25 on page 3-28).
• Positioning Mode – For post-processed surveys, select
Standalone; for RTK surveys, select RTK float or RTK fixed.
• Enable Solutions – select solutions used in position computation.
– Standalone – where the receiver computes 3D coordinates in
autonomous mode without using differential corrections.
– Code differential – where the Rover receiver computes the
current relative coordinate in differential mode using only
pseudo ranges.
– RTK float – where the Rover receiver computes the current
relative coordinates in differential mode using both pseudo
ranges and phases; however, with a float solution, the phase
3-28
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Configuring the Receiver Using TRU
ambiguity is not a fixed integer number and the “float”
estimate is used instead.
– RTK fixed – where the Rover receiver computes current
relative coordinates, with ambiguity fixing, in differential
mode.
Figure 3-26. Rover Configuration
14. For RTK surveys, click the Ports icon and set the following port
parameters for the serial port, then click OK (Figure 3-26 on
page 3-29).
P/N 7010-1004
3-29
GR-5 Configuration
Figure 3-27. Ports Configuration
NOTICE
For post-processed surveys, keep the default values
for these parameters.
15. Click OK to save the settings and close the dialog box. Once the
receiver is configured, the configuration remains until changed
using TRU or by clearing the NVRAM. For more details on the
settings available for configuring receivers, refer to the TRU
Reference Manual.
16. For RTK Rover receivers, click the Status icon (Figure 3-19 on
page 3-21) to ensure the receiver obtains differential corrections.
Usually, the receiver will start to output the coordinates of the
antenna’s phase center along with the solution type within 10–30
seconds. However, radios may take as long as 60 seconds to
synchronize.
The Data Link tab reflects the status of the received differential
messages and contains the following information:
• Data link quality in percentage
• Time (in seconds) elapsed since the last received message
• Total number of received correct messages (dependent on the
message type received)
3-30
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Configuring the Receiver Using TRU
• Total number of received corrupt messages (dependent on the
message type received)
If the receiver is not (for some reason) receiving differential
corrections, or if none of the ports has been configured to receive
differential corrections, the Link Quality field will either be
empty or it will show 100%.
Figure 3-28. Status - Data Link
17. Continue with other configuration activities or click Device
Disconnect, then Device Exit to quit TRU. Disconnecting
before exiting ensures proper port management.
NOTICE
P/N 7010-1004
Disconnect the receiver from TRU before exiting to
eliminate possible conflicts with the management of
the computer’s serial ports.
3-31
GR-5 Configuration
Configuring the Receiver Using
PC-CDU
The GR-5 can be configured in several ways for collecting data for
RTK or post-processing.
• A static Base station collects measurement information and saves
this data to its internal memory.
• An RTK Base station collects measurement information,
determines differential corrections, and transmits them to the
RTK Rover(s).
• A static Rover collects observation data from the same satellites
during the same time interval as the static Base station.
• An RTK Rover collects measurement information and accepts
corrections from the RTK Base station to compute its relative
position.
• A Rover acting as a repeater to re-transmit RTK Base station
measurements to other rover receivers, extending the range of a
GPS system.
To configure, manage files, or maintain the receiver, connect the
receiver and a computer using one of the following methods, and start
PC-CDU:
• use a Bluetooth-enabled external device (computer)
• use an RS232 cable
• use a USB cable and a computer with the TPS USB driver
installed (available on the TPS website)
PC-CDU is Personal Computer-Control Display Unit software used
to manage the various functions of the receiver. The full range of PCCDU configuration and function is outside the scope of this manual.
For more information on any of the procedures in this section or on
PC-CDU, refer to the PC-CDU User’s Manual available on the TPS
website.
PC-CDU configures the various parts of the receiver, saving the
settings in the receiver’s memory. These settings are reflected when
3-32
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Configuring the Receiver Using PC-CDU
using the MINTER. The full range of PC-CDU configuration and
function is outside the scope of this manual.
Once a connection is established between the receiver and the
computer, the user can:
• configure the receiver and its components
• send commands to the receiver
• download files from the receiver’s memory
• load a new OAF and other configuration files to a receiver
The following Base and Rover configurations are recommended for
the most common applications. However, the user can select
configuration parameters as needed for a particular jobsite.
WARNING
Do not make other changes without consulting the
PC-CDU Reference Manual.
1. Connect the receiver and computer as described in “Connecting
the Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21.
2. Start PC-CDU on a computer. The PC-CDU Main Screen
displays (Figure 3-28).
Figure 3-29. PC-CDU Main Screen
Notice that the lower-left hand corner shows the receiver status as
“Disconnected”.
3. Click File Connect.
P/N 7010-1004
3-33
GR-5 Configuration
4. On the Connection Parameters dialog box, select the following
parameters (Table 3-2) and click Connect (Figure 3-29).
Table 3-2. Connection Parameters
Parameter
RS232 or Bluetooth
USB
Connection
Mode
Select Direct.
Port
Select the port connecting the
computer and receiver
(typically COM1, COM2 for
RS232 and COM3, COM4
for Bluetooth)
Select USB
Baud Rate
Select the communication rate
between the receiver and the
computer (usually 115200).
n/a
Rec ID
n/a
Select the receiver’s
identification number.
RS232 or Bluetooth
USB
Figure 3-30. Connection Parameters
3-34
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Configuring the Receiver Using PC-CDU
Once a PC-CDU connection with the receiver has been
established, the current communications settings—such as, port
name, baud rate (if applicable), and flow control (if applicable)—
display in the lower-left corner of the main window of PC-CDU.
A timer begins to count up in the lower-right corner as well
(Figure 3-30).
Figure 3-31. PC-CDU Connection Established
5. Select Configuration
NOTICE
Receiver.
Click Apply after making any configuration
change; otherwise, the receiver will not register the
change.
6. Click Set all parameters to defaults (Figure 3-31).
Figure 3-32. Set All Parameters to Defaults
P/N 7010-1004
3-35
GR-5 Configuration
7. Click the MINTER tab and configure the following settings
(Table 3-3), then click Apply (Figure 3-32).
Table 3-3. Receiver Parameters for the MINTER Tab
Parameter
Base Receiver
Rover Receiver
Recording
interval
Enter 15 seconds.
Elevation
mask angle
Enter 15 degrees.
File name
prefix
Enter a unique ID, such as the last 3 digits of receiver’s serial
number.
FN key mode
(starts/stops data recording using the FUNCTION key)
Initial data
collection
dynamic
mode
For Static data recording,
select LED blink mode
switch.
For RTK data recording,
select Occupation mode
switch.
n/a
Select Kinematic.
(This setting is for trajectory
surveys.)
Static
RTK Rover
Figure 3-33. Configure Receiver’s MINTER for Data Recording
3-36
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Configuring the Receiver Using PC-CDU
8. Click the Positioning tab and set the Elevation mask to 15
(Figure 3-33), then click Apply.
Figure 3-34. Configure Receiver Positioning – Elevation Mask
9. For the Base receiver, click the Base tab and set the following
parameters (Figure 3-34 on page 3-37), then click Apply.
• Base Station Coordinates
– L1 Phase Center or Antenna Reference Point: enters
geodetic coordinates of the base antenna’s depending on the
selected option and specifies the antenna type. The geodetic
coordinates should be in WGS-84.
– Lat: the latitude of the antenna in degrees, minutes, seconds;
the hemisphere (N or S) in which the antenna resides; the
datum that corresponds to the entered coordinates.
– Lon: the longitude of the antenna in degrees, minutes, and
seconds; the hemisphere (E or W) in which the antenna
resides.
– Alt: the height of the antenna above the ellipsoid, in meters.
– Antenna Type: the antenna type identifier used in RTCM 3.0
and CMR formats.
– Get from receiver: sets the base station coordinates to the
most recent position the receiver produced.
NOTICE
P/N 7010-1004
The reference geodetic coordinates specified on this
tab relate to the antenna L1 phase center.
3-37
GR-5 Configuration
Figure 3-35. Base Configuration
10. For the Rover receiver, click the Rover tab and set the following
parameters, then click Apply (Figure 3-35 on page 3-38).
• Positioning Mode – For post-processed surveys, select
Standalone; for RTK surveys, select RTK float or RTK fixed.
• RTK Parameters, RTK mode – select either Extrapolation for
RTK float (kinematic) or Delay for RTK fixed (static).
– Extrapolation is for low-latency, high frequency output
(>= 5 Hz) RTK applications. The Rover will extrapolate
the Base station’s carrier phase measurement corrections
when computing the Rover's current RTK position.
This setting (extrapolation) is recommended.
– Delay is for 1 Hz high precision RTK applications. The
Rover RTK engine computes either a delayed RTK
position (for the epoch to which the newly received
RTCM/CMR message corresponds) or the current standalone position (while waiting for new RTCM/CMR
messages coming from the base).
3-38
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Configuring the Receiver Using PC-CDU
• RTK Parameters, Dynamics – select Static or Kinematic.
RTK Parameters, Ambiguity fixing level – (not applicable to
RTK Float) select either Low, Medium, or High for indicator
states of 95%, 99.5%, or 99.9%, respectively. The RTK
engine uses the ambiguity fix indicator when making
decisions whether or not to fix ambiguities. The higher the
specified confidence level, the longer the integer ambiguity
search time.
Figure 3-36. Rover Configuration
Continue with step 11 for RTK surveys or step 12 on page 3-39.
11. For RTK surveys, click the Ports tab and set the following port
parameters for the serial port (Table 3-4), then click Apply
(Figure 3-36 on page 3-39).
NOTICE
For post-processed surveys, keep the default values
for these parameters.
Table 3-4. Receiver Parameters for the Ports Tab
Parameter
Base Receiver
Rover Receiver
Input
n/a (Leave the default.)
Select the same differential
correction format selected for
the Base.
Output
Select the type and format of
differential corrections.
Select “None”.
P/N 7010-1004
3-39
GR-5 Configuration
Table 3-4. Receiver Parameters for the Ports Tab (Continued)
Parameter
Base Receiver
Rover Receiver
Period (sec)
Enter the interval at which the
receiver transmits differential
corrections.
n/a (Leave the default.)
Baud rate
Select a baud rate to use for transmitting differential messages
from the receiver board to the modem module
The baud rate must match the modem’s serial port speed.
RTS/CTS
Select to enable handshaking.
Base
Rover
Figure 3-37. Base and Rover Configuration for RTK Surveys – Ports
12. Click the Advanced tab and then the Multipath tab. Set the
following parameters and click Apply (Figure 3-37 on
page 3-40).
• Code multipath reduction – enable
• Carrier multipath reduction – enable
3-40
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Configuring the Receiver Using PC-CDU
Figure 3-38. Configure Mulitpath Parameters
13. Click OK to save the settings and close the dialog box.
Once the receiver is configured, the configuration remains until
changed using TRU/PC-CDU/TopSURV/Pocket-3D or by
clearing the NVRAM.
For more details on the settings available for configuring the Base
and Rover receivers, refer to the PC-CDU Reference Manual.
14. Continue with other configuration activities or click File
Disconnect, then File Exit to quit PC-CDU. Disconnecting
before exiting ensures proper port management.
NOTICE
P/N 7010-1004
Disconnect the receiver from PC-CDU before
exiting to eliminate possible conflicts with the
management of the computer’s serial ports.
3-41
GR-5 Configuration
MINTER Configuration
The Minimum INTERface (MINTER) consists of two keys (power
and FUNCTION) that control the receiver’s operation, four LEDs
(STAT, REC, RX/TX, and BT) that display the receiver’s operational
status, and two LEDs that display the battery status (Figure 3-38).
REC
RX TX
STAT
BT
Battery
FUNCTION
Battery
FUNCTION
Power
Button
FUNCTION
Button
Figure 3-39. MINTER
The MINTER performs the following functions. For more
information on using the MINTER, see “MINTER Operation” on
page 4-8.
• Turns the receiver on or off; puts it in Sleep mode.
• Turns data recording on or off (FUNCTION button).
• Changes the receiver’s information mode.
• Shows the number of GPS (green) and GLONASS (orange)
satellites being tracked (STAT LED).
• Shows the data recording status (REC LED).
• Shows each time data is recorded to internal memory (REC
LED).
• Shows the status of post-processing mode (static or dynamic)
when performing a Post-Processing Kinematic survey with the
help of FN key (REC LED).
3-42
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
MINTER Configuration
• Shows the status (high charge, intermediate charge, or low
charge) of the battery (BATT LED).
• Shows the power status for the receiver (BATT LED).
• Shows the status of the modem and if it receives signals (TX RX
LED).
• Shows the status of the GSM or CDMA modem (TX RX LED).
Use PC-CDU to configure MINTER settings. The procedure below
describes the most common settings; refer to the PC-CDU Reference
Manual for other possible MINTER configurations.
Perform the following to configure MINTER:
1. Connect the receiver and computer. See “Connecting the
Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21 for this procedure.
2. On the PC-CDU Main window, click File Connect.
3. On the Connection Parameters dialog box, enable RTS/CTS
handshaking (Figure 3-39).
See “Connecting the Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21 for
details on setting other parameters.
4. Click Connect.
Figure 3-40. Connection Parameters – MINTER Settings
5. Click Configuration Receiver then click the MINTER tab, set
the following parameters and click Apply (Figure 3-40). See the
following pages for descriptions of these parameters.
• Recording interval on page 3-43
• Elevation mask for log file on page 3-43
• File name prefix on page 3-43
P/N 7010-1004
3-43
GR-5 Configuration
•
•
•
•
•
•
Always append to the file on page 3-44
Files Creation mode on page 3-44
Automatic File Rotation Mode (AFRM) on page 3-44
FN key mode on page 3-46
Initial data collection dynamic mode on page 3-46
Data recording auto-start on page 3-46
Figure 3-41. Receiver Configuration – MINTER Tab
Recording Interval parameter This parameter specifies the logging
rate of the log file when the MINTER FUNCTION button (pressed
for 1–5 seconds) activates data logging. This setting is used for both
logging a single log file and logging receiver data in AFRM mode.
Values are 1–86400 seconds. The default value is one second.
Elevation Mask for Log File parameter This parameter specifies the
minimum elevation angle for the satellites whose data is put in the
receiver files logged when pressing FUNCTION. The default value
is five degrees.
File Name Prefix parameter This parameter specifies the prefix
added to the names of receiver files created when pressing
FUNCTION. The prefix can be up to 20 characters long. The default
value for the Name Prefix is “log”.
3-44
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
MINTER Configuration
Log file names have the following structure:
P...PMMDDLXXX.tps; where
• P...P – the prefix.
• MM – the month value (1 through 12).
• DD – the day of the month (1 through 31).
• L – the lowercase letter (a through x) that will change
sequentially every hour.
• XXX – the numeric portion (000 through 999) that will be added
to the files starting with the second file within an hour and will
increase by one with each new file. This number resets to zero
every hour.
The file name depends on both the file creation time (month and day)
and additional suffixes to avoid confusion between files created on
the same day.
Always Append to the File parameter To append new receiver data
to an existing log file, enter the desired file name in this parameter.
The setting can be up to 20 characters long.
Files Creation Mode parameter This parameter has the following
operation modes:
• Log file – If the log file radio button has been selected, pressing
the FUNCTION button closes the current log file. If data logging
is off, pressing FUNCTION opens a new log file.
• AFRM – If AFRM radio button has been selected, pressing
FUNCTION enables this mode. If AFRM has been enabled,
pressing FUNCTION disables this mode.
Automatic File Rotation Mode (AFRM) parameters TPS receivers
are capable of automatically rotating log files. During a “file rotation”
event, the receiver closes the current file and opens a new one
according to a user-defined schedule. The Period and Phase
parameters specify this schedule. File rotation launches the moment
the receiver time module Period is equal to Phase. More precisely, a
new log file opens immediately before the scheduled epoch causing
data tagged with this epoch to be recorded to the new log file.
P/N 7010-1004
3-45
GR-5 Configuration
When opening a new log file, the receiver enables the default set of
messages output with the default output period. Both the default set of
messages and the default output period are programmable.
• Period – specifies the time duration of each log file created in
AFRM mode. Values are 60 to 86400 seconds; default value is
3600 seconds.
• Phase – specifies the “phase” (constant time shift) of creating
multiple log files in AFRM mode. Values are 0 to 86400 seconds;
default value is zero seconds.
• Files (total) – a counter that specifies how many multiple log files
must be created in AFRM until this mode automatically turns off.
This counter decrements on every file rotation until it value
becomes zero, then file rotation automatically stops. The counter
initializes with AFRM.
Note that a log file opens immediately after turning AFRM on.
This startup file is not considered a file rotation event; the AFRM
counter will not decrement.
Values are 0 to [231-1]; default value is 0 (zero). Zero means that
an unlimited number of log files are created.
NOTICE
The receiver’s memory holds up to 3000 files.
• Files (remain) – specifies the number of files left for the receiver
to create in AFRM. Values are 0 to [231-1]; default value is zero.
• Automatically remove old files – when no free memory is
available to log data, automatically removes the earliest log file.
If this parameter is enabled, then the receiver will erase the file
with the earliest file creation time/date. AFRM must be enabled
to use this FIFO (First-In, First-Out) feature. The default value is
off (disabled).
3-46
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
MINTER Configuration
FN Key Mode parameter Use these two radio buttons to program
how the receiver reacts when pressing the FUNCTION key.
• LED blink mode switch – pressing FUNCTION toggles between
the MINTER’s normal/extended information modes and start/
stop data recording of Static survey.
– FUNCTION pressed for less than 1 second: changes the
information mode (Normal or Extended Information Modes).
– FUNCTION pressed for 1 to 5 seconds: starts or stops data
recording (Static post-processing mode).
• Occupation mode switch – pressing FUNCTION (less than one
second) will insert a message into the corresponding log file,
indicating that the survey type changed from static to kinematic,
or vice versa. If the REC LED blinks green, the current mode is
dynamic, if it blinks orange, the current mode is static. For more
details, see Table 1-2 on page 1-13 and refer to the PC-CDU
Reference Manual.
Initial Data Collection Dynamic Mode parameter These radio
buttons specify the starting occupation type descriptor inserted at the
beginning of receiver files logged. Select Static or Kinematic to
specify that the corresponding log file starts with a static (STOP) or
kinematic (GO, Trajectory) occupation, respectively.
Data Recording Auto-start parameter These radio buttons allow
the user to program the receiver’s behavior in the event of a power
failure.
Table 3-5 on page 3-47 describes the different scenarios available and
the results after power is restored to the receiver. “Specified file”
refers to the file name entered in the Always append to file field.
P/N 7010-1004
3-47
GR-5 Configuration
Table 3-5. Data Recording Parameter Behavior
Before
Power
Failure
Enabled Radio Button Results
Off
On
Always
Receiver data
logged to file
specified.
Data logging
does not resume
when power is
restored.
Receiver resumes
data logging to the
same file when
power is restored.
Receiver resumes
data logging to the
same file when power
is restored.
Receiver data
logged to
default file.
Data logging
does not resume
when power is
restored.
A new log file
opens when
power is restored
and data logs to
this file.
A new log file opens
when power is
restored and data logs
to this file.
File specified;
receiver data
logging not
started.
File will not open
with this name.
Data logging
does not start
when power is
restored.
File will not open
with this name.
Data logging does
not start when
power is restored.
A log file with this
name opens and data
logging starts after
power is restored.
No file
specified;
receiver data
logging off.
Data logging will
not start when
power is restored.
Data logging will
not start when
power is restored.
A log file with a
default name opens
and data logging
starts after power is
restored.
Also, if Always is enabled, the receiver automatically logs data (to a
newly created or an existing file) in the following three cases:
• After turning on the receiver using the power button.
• After resetting the receiver (using PC-CDU).
• After taking the receiver out of Sleep Mode.
3-48
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
MINTER Configuration
Figure 3-42. MINTER Tab
P/N 7010-1004
3-49
GR-5 Configuration
3-50
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Chapter 4
GR-5 Receiver Setup
and Survey
After receiver survey configuration, set up each receiver, measure its
height, and begin surveying. The MINTER provides quick access for:
logging data, changing receiver modes, and viewing general data
logging and satellite information during a survey.
Receiver Setup
A typical GPS survey system consists of a Base station set up over a
known point and a Rover receiver set up to be a mobile data collector.
After setting up the Base and Rover receivers, the antenna height
must be measured.
Before collecting data, make sure the Base and Rover receivers
contain a current almanac and current ephemeris data (see “Collecting
Almanacs and Ephemerides” on page 2-27).
Step 1: Set up the Receivers
The Base station must be set up, logging data, and transmitting data
before setting up the Rover receiver. Receiver setup for either postprocess or RTK surveys is the same.
†
Set up the Base station and its components.
See “To set up the Base receiver” on page 4-2 for details.
†
Set up the Rover receiver.
See “To set up the Rover receiver” on page 4-3 for details.
P/N 7010-1004
4-1
GR-5 Receiver Setup and Survey
To set up the Base receiver (Figure 4-1):
1. Install a heavy duty tripod (PN: 22-050501-01) over a known
point. You do not need universal tribrach and tribrach adapter
when working with this tripod.
2. Attach the antenna to the modem antenna connector.
3. Carefully level the tripod and tighten the screws.
4. Attach any other accessories as needed (for example, a backup
power supply).
GR-5 Receiver
Heavy Duty Tripod
Figure 4-1. Install Tripod and Receiver over Control Point
4-2
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Receiver Setup
To set up the Rover receiver (Figure 4-2):
1. If needed, attach the quick disconnect to the bipod/range pole.
NOTICE
Use a bipod during post-process surveys to ensure
the antenna/receiver does not move during data
logging.
2. Attach the GR-5 receiver to the quick disconnect. Make sure the
receiver locks into place.
3. Attach the antenna to the modem antenna connector.
GR-5 Recevier
Quick Disconnect (Optional)
5/8 inch Screw
Lock
Figure 4-2. Connect GR-5 Receiver to Bipod
P/N 7010-1004
4-3
GR-5 Receiver Setup and Survey
Step 2: Measure Antenna Height
The location of the antenna relative to the point being measured is
very important for both surveys in which the elevation of the points is
important and in surveys for horizontal location only. Horizontal
surveys are often larger in area than can reliably fit on a flat plane,
therefore the antenna adjustment must be done in three dimensions
and then projected onto a two dimensional plane.
The receiver calculates the coordinates of the antenna’s phase center.
To determine the coordinates of the station marker, specify the
following:
• Measured height of the antenna above the station marker
• Method of measuring the antenna height
• Model of the antenna used
Antennas have two types of measurements:
• Vertical – measured from the marker to the antenna reference
point (ARP) located on the bottom of the receiver at the base of
the mounting threads.
• Slant – measured from the marker to the lower edge of the
antenna slant height measure mark (SHMM) located on both end
panels of the receiver.
The surveying point that GPS/GLONASS to measure satellite
systems is called the “Phase Center” of the antenna. The antenna
Phase Center is analogous to the calibrated point to which a distance
meter measures inside of a prism; i.e. it cannot be directly measured
to in the field. For precision Topcon GPS/GLONASS antennas − such
as the one inside the GR-5 − the antenna Phase Center must be
modeled using a detailed calibration in order to achieve optimal
survey results. This model information consists of phase center offset
(PCO) and phase center variation (PCV) components, and is applied
internally by field software such as TopSURV for RTK operations,
and by Topcon Tools software for post-mission operations1.
1. This antenna calibration information (PCO and PCV data) does not
need to be entered in the field.
4-4
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Receiver Setup
The only information that must be supplied from field observations
when using GR-5 is i) the measured instrument height, and ii) the
measurement method used. The Topcon field and office software will
automatically make all antenna Phase Center adjustments1 that are
necessary to deliver properly referenced marker coordinates.
1. Measure the antenna height above the control point or marker,
either the slant height or the vertical height.
You may either measure the vertical height to the Antenna
Reference Point (ARP) located at the bottom of the GR-5, or
measure the slant height to the Slant Height Measurement Mark
(SHMM) on the side of the enclosure (Figure 4-3 on page 4-6).
2. Record the antenna height, points name, and start time in the field
notes.
1. Advanced users may choose to configure the applied Phase Center
model that is used for the GR-5, and this may be done using Topcon
application software such as TopSURV and Topcon Tools. This
additional step is optional since Topcon software automatically contains
antenna Phase Center models for all Topcon products, including the
GR-5.
Instead of Topcon's supplied default Phase Center model for GR-5,
alternate or updated Phase Center models (with PCO and PCV data)
may be obtained from various government or private calibration
services. The most widely recognized of these services are the U.S.
National Geodetic Survey (NGS), the International GNSS Service
(IGS), and Geo++ GmbH of Germany. The default Phase Center
models supplied with Topcon products are typically based on absolute
calibration models from NGS.
P/N 7010-1004
4-5
GR-5 Receiver Setup and Survey
85.0mm
253.0mm
228mm
228mm
228mm
A
SHMM
168mm
B
A
168mm
A = ARP to edge = 79.0
B = ARP to corner =B97.5
A = ARP to edge = 79.0
Slant Height
B = ARP to corner = 97.5
to Base of
Corner on
Gray Bumper
Vertical Height
to ARP
LV LS
Station Marker
or
Tip of RTK Pole
LV = Vertical Length
LS = Slant Length
Figure 4-3. Antenna Height Measurement Points
4-6
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Receiver Setup
Step 3: Collect Data
See the remaining sections in this chapter for more information on
collecting data.
1. Turn on the receiver. The STAT (status) light (LED) initially
blinks red.
2. Once the receiver has locked on to one or more satellites, the
STAT light blinks green for GPS satellites and orange for
GLONASS satellites. A short red blink indicates that the receiver
has not solved a position. Four or more satellites provide optimal
positioning.
3. Once the short red blink is gone, the receiver has a position and
surveying can begin; wait for green and orange lights before
beginning data collection. This ensures that the receiver has the
correct date and time, and is locked on to enough satellites to
ensure good quality data.
The process of locking on to satellites normally takes less than
one minute. In a new area, under heavy tree canopy, or after
resetting the receiver, it may take several minutes.
4. To begin collecting data, press and hold the FUNCTION key
(for more than one second and less than five seconds).
5. Release the FUNCTION key when the REC (recording) LED
turns green. This indicates that a file has opened and data
collection has started. The REC LED blinks each time data is
saved to the internal memory.
TIP
Use PC-CDU to configure data logging. See
“MINTER Configuration” on page 3-41 or refer to
the PC-CDU Reference Manual.
6. When finished, press and hold the FUNCTION key until the
REC LED light goes out.
7. To turn off the receiver, press and hold the power key until all
lights go out, then release.
P/N 7010-1004
4-7
GR-5 Receiver Setup and Survey
MINTER Operation
The MINTER is the receiver’s minimum interface used to display and
control data input and output (Figure 4-4).
REC
RX TX
STAT
BT
Battery
FUNCTION
Battery
FUNCTION
Power
Button
FUNCTION
Button
Figure 4-4. GR-5 MINTER
The MINTER performs numerous functions, including the following:
• Turns the receiver on or off.
• Turns data recording on or off (FUNCTION key).
• Changes the receiver’s information mode.
• Shows the number of GPS (green) and GLONASS (orange)
satellites being tracked (STAT LED).
• Shows the data recording status and each time data is recorded to
internal memory (REC LED).
• Shows the status of post-processing mode (static or dynamic)
during a post-processed kinematic survey (REC LED).
• Shows the status (high charge, intermediate charge, or low
charge) of the battery (BATT LED).
• Shows the power status for the receiver (BATT LED).
• Shows the status of the modem and if it receives signals (RX TX
LED).
• Shows Bluetooth activity (BT LED).
4-8
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
MINTER Operation
• Shows the status of the GSM or CDMA modem (RX TX LED)
See “MINTER” on page 1-10 for a full description of the MINTER.
To turn the receiver on/off, press the Power button (Figure 4-5).
• When turning on, press the Power button until the MINTER’s
LEDs briefly flash.
• When turning off, press the Power button until the LEDs go out,
then release.
Press the power
button for about 1
second to turn the
receiver on/off.
FUNCTION
FUNCTION
Power
Button
Figure 4-5. Power Button Functions
To start/stop logging data, press the FUNCTION button for 1–5
seconds (Figure 4-6).
• During data recording, the REC LED is green. Use PC-CDU to
set the recording time interval. See “Recording Interval
parameter” on page 3-43 for details.
• The REC LED blinks green each time data is written to the
SDHC memory.
• If the REC LED is red, the receiver has run out of memory, has a
hardware problem, has no SDHC card, or contains an improper
OAF (see “Option Authorization File (OAF)” on page 1-26 for
more information).
P/N 7010-1004
4-9
GR-5 Receiver Setup and Survey
Use PC-CDU to enable the desired FUNCTION key mode in the
receiver, either “LED blink mode switch” for static surveys or
“Occupation mode switch” for kinematic surveys. See “FN Key
Mode parameter” on page 3-46 for details.
Each time data recording is turned off or on, either a new file opens or
data appends to a particular file. See “Always Append to the File
parameter” on page 3-44 and “Files Creation Mode parameter” on
page 3-44 for information on setting these functions.
Press the FUNCTION
button for 1–5
seconds to start/stop
data logging.
FUNCTION
FUNCTION
FUNCTION
Button
Figure 4-6. FUNCTION Button Functions
To toggle between post-processing modes, press the
FUNCTION button for less than 1 second when “Occupation mode
switch” has been enabled using PC-CDU.
To change the information mode of the receiver, press the
FUNCTION button for less than 1 second when “LED blink mode
switch” has been enabled using PC-CDU.
To change the baud rate of the receiver’s serial port to 9600 bps,
press the FUNCTION button for 5–8 seconds. This is useful if the
data collector does not support the rate that the receiver port is set to.
After about five seconds, the REC LED becomes red. Release the
FUNCTION button during the next three seconds.
4-10
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Static Surveying for Base Stations
Static Surveying for Base
Stations
Static surveying is the classic survey method, well suited for all kinds
of baselines (short, medium, long). At least two receiver antennas,
plumbed over survey marks, simultaneously collect raw data at each
end of a baseline during a certain period of time. These two receivers
track four or more common satellites, have a common data logging
rate (5–30 seconds), and the same elevation mask angles. The length
of the observation sessions can vary from a few minutes to several
hours. The optimal observation session length depends on the
surveyor’s experience as well as the following factors:
• The length of the baseline measured
• The number of satellites in view
• The satellite geometry (DOP)
• The antenna’s location
• The ionospheric activity level
• The types of receivers used
• The accuracy requirements
• The necessity of resolving carrier phase ambiguities
Generally, single-frequency receivers are used for baselines whose
lengths do not exceed 15 kilometers (9.32 miles). For baselines of 15
kilometers or greater, use dual-frequency receivers.
Dual-frequency receivers have two major benefits. First, dualfrequency receivers can estimate and remove almost all ionospheric
effect from the code and carrier phase measurements, providing much
greater accuracy than single-frequency receivers over long baselines
or during ionospheric storms. Secondly, dual-frequency receivers
need less observation time to reach the required accuracy.
After the survey completes, data the receivers collect can be
downloaded onto a computer and processed using post-processing
software (for example, Topcon Tools).
P/N 7010-1004
4-11
GR-5 Receiver Setup and Survey
Kinematic (Stop & Go)
Surveying for Rover Stations
In a kinematic stop and go survey, the stationary receiver (Base
station) is set up at a known point such as a survey monument, or an
unknown point. The receiver continually tracks satellites and logs raw
data into its memory. The Rover receiver is set up at an unknown
point and collects data in static mode for 2 to 10 minutes. When
finished, assign the Rover to kinematic status and move to the next
survey point. At this point, and each subsequent point, the receiver
changes to static mode to collect data. The Rover is in kinematic
mode when moving. The Rover is in static mode while collecting
data.
Perform the following to set up kinematic surveying for Rover
Stations:
1. Set up the Rover at an unknown point and press power. Allow
the Rover to collect static data for two to ten minutes. The REC
LED will be orange.
2. Check the STAT light for satellites tracked.
3. When finished, press the FUNCTION button for less than 1
second to assign the Rover to kinematic.
TIP
Remember, if the REC LED blinks green, the
current mode is dynamic, if it blinks orange, the
current mode is static.
4. Move the Rover to the next location (survey point), and press the
FUNCTION button for less than a second to collect the data in
static mode for two to ten minutes.
5. Repeat steps three and four until all points have been surveyed.
The occupation time for the points depends on the same factors as
for the static survey method.
6. When finished, press the FUNCTION button for one to five
seconds to stop logging data. Turn off the Rover if needed.
4-12
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Real Time Kinematic Surveying
This method of GPS survey allows the operator to reduce the point
occupation time, thus permitting field crews to survey many more
points compared to the other methods available.
Real Time Kinematic
Surveying
In RTK surveying, one receiver serves as the reference station. The
receiver conducts observations with its antenna affixed to a stationary
tripod or another device. The second receiver functions as a rover,
and conducts observations (using an antenna) affixed to a mobile pole
and moved to observation points.
Unlike post-processed kinematic surveys, RTK surveys uses a
communications link between the Base and Rover. Using a radio
modem link, the Base receiver transmits its measurement and location
data to the Rover receiver. The Rover, based on the transmitted data
and its own observation data, immediately conducts a baseline
analysis and outputs the results.
For specific settings used in RTK surveys, see “Modem
Configuration” on page 3-4, “Configuring the Receiver Using TRU”
on page 3-19, and “Configuring the Receiver Using PC-CDU” on
page 3-31.
If using PC-CDU to monitor an RTK Rover receiver, check the LQ
field on the Main Screen (Figure 4-7 on page 4-14) to ensure the
receiver obtains differential corrections. Usually, the receiver starts to
output the coordinates of the antenna’s phase center along with the
solution type within 10–30 seconds. However, radios may take as
long as 60 seconds to synchronize.
The geodetic coordinates displayed on the Geo tab are always
computed in WGS84 and have four solution types.
• Standalone – where the receiver computes 3D coordinates in
autonomous mode without using differential corrections.
P/N 7010-1004
4-13
GR-5 Receiver Setup and Survey
• Code differential – where the Rover receiver computes the
current relative coordinate in differential mode using only pseudo
ranges.
• RTK float – where the Rover receiver computes the current
relative coordinates in differential mode using both pseudo
ranges and phases; however, with a float solution, the phase
ambiguity is not a fixed integer number and the “float” estimate is
used instead.
• RTK fixed – where the Rover receiver computes current relative
coordinates, with ambiguity fixing, in differential mode.
The LQ field reflects the status of the received differential messages
and contains the following information:
• Data link quality in percentage
• Time (in seconds) elapsed since the last received message
• Total number of received correct messages (dependent on the
message type received)
• Total number of received corrupt messages (dependent on the
message type received)
If the receiver is not (for some reason) receiving differential
corrections, or if none of the ports have been configured to receive
differential corrections, the LQ field is either be empty or looks like
this: 100% (999,0000,0000).
Figure 4-7. PC-CDU Main Screen
4-14
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Chapter 5
Receiver and File
Maintenance
If post-processing the data after completing a survey, the data in the
receiver’s memory needs to download to a computer. Downloading
and deleting files prepares the receiver’s memory for the next survey.
Occasionally, the receiver’s NVRAM may need to be cleared to
eliminate communication or tracking problems.
As project expectations expand, the receiver’s OAF may need to be
updated to provide expanded operation and functionality. The various
boards inside the receiver (GPS, power, modem, and Bluetooth)
require firmware to properly operate and provide appropriate
functionality. As TPS releases firmware updates, loading these
updates into the receiver will ensure the receiver operates at its full
potential.
Downloading Files to a
Computer
After completing a survey, download data files to a computer for
storage, post-processing, or backup. Also, the receiver memory holds
a finite amount of files and information, so downloading data
prevents files from being lost. TRU and Topcon Link both provide
file managers to download files from the receiver to a computer, and
to delete files from the receiver. TRU and Topcon Link are both free
utilities available through a Topcon Dealer or the Topcon website
(www.topconpositioning.com).
P/N 7010-1004
5-1
Receiver and File Maintenance
Downloading Files Using Topcon Link
Topcon Link provides two options for downloading files from a
receiver: using Windows® Explorer or using the Topcon Link
interface.
Before downloading files, connect the receiver and computer (see
“Connecting the Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21 for this
procedure).
...Using Windows Explorer
Perform the following to download files using Windows Explorer:
1. Connect the receiver and computer. See “Connecting the
Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21 for this procedure.
2. Open Windows Explorer and click the Topcon GNSS Receivers
folder. Right click the folder and select Explore. The right panel
of the window displays the automatic start of searching for
Topcon receivers connected to any of the computer ports (COM
and USB) (Figure 5-1).
When finished, all receivers connected to the computer ports
(Figure 5-1) display.
Figure 5-1. Searching and Finding Topcon Receivers in Windows Explorer
5-2
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Downloading Files to a Computer
3. To view information about the receiver (Figure 5-2), right-click
the receiver, and select the Properties option.
Figure 5-2. Receiver Properties
4. To view the raw file, double click on the receiver.
To import the file(s) from the receiver to a folder, select the
file(s), and copy to the folder using drag-and-drop method
(Figure 5-3).
Figure 5-3. Start of File Import from the TPS Receiver/Import in Progress
...Using Topcon Link
Perform the following to download files using Topcon Link:
1. Connect the receiver and computer. See “Connecting the
Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21 for this procedure.
2. To start Topcon Link, click the Import from Device button on
the Toolbar.
P/N 7010-1004
5-3
Receiver and File Maintenance
3. From the left panel of the Import from Device dialog box,
double-click Topcon Receivers (Figure 5-4).
Figure 5-4. Import From Device Window
The program automatically searches for Topcon receivers connected
to the computer ports (COM and USB). When finished all receivers
connected to the computer ports (Figure 5-4) display.
4. In the right panel of the Import From Device window, navigate
to and select, or create, a folder to save the files (Figure 5-5).
5. To view the collected raw file, double click (or click Select in the
pop-up menu) the receiver. To import the file(s) from the receiver
to the computer and to save in the selected folder, highlight the
file(s) and click the double arrows
(Figure 5-5).
6. The import in progress displays (Figure 5-5).
Figure 5-5. Select the Raw Data File to Import and View Import Progress
5-4
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Downloading Files to a Computer
Downloading Files Using TRU
TRU allows for downloading files to a computer and to also delete
files from the receiver.
1. Connect the receiver to a computer. Open TRU. See “Connecting
the Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21 for this procedure.
2. Click
icon in the main window. The File Explorer dialog
box displays all logged raw data files (Figure 5-6).
Figure 5-6. File Explorer Dialog Window
3. To save a file to the computer, highlight the desired file, right
click and select Download from the pop up menu. In the Save As
dialog box navigate to or create a folder in which to download
P/N 7010-1004
5-5
Receiver and File Maintenance
and store the file (Figure 5-7). Click the Save button to download
and save the file.
Figure 5-7. Download a File
4. When the process of transferring the file(s) from the receiver to
the computer begins, the Downloading window displays the
progress of the download.
Figure 5-8. Downloading in Progress
5-6
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Deleting Files from the Receiver’s SDHC Card Using PC-
Deleting Files from the
Receiver’s SDHC Card Using
PC-CDU
Use the following steps to delete files from the receiver.
1. Connect the receiver and computer. See “Connecting the
Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21 for this procedure.
2. On the Connection Parameters dialog box, enable RTS/CTS
handshaking (Figure 5-9).
Figure 5-9. Connection Parameters – RTS/CTS Handshaking
3. Click File File Manager and select the file(s) to delete on the
Download files tab (Figure 5-10 on page 5-8).
To select multiple files, hold down the shift key and click on nonsequential files to select several files at once; or hold down the
Ctrl key and click on individual files.
4. Click Delete (Figure 5-10 on page 5-8).
5. Click Yes at the delete files confirmation dialog box. PC-CDU
deletes the selected files.
6. Click Exit on the File Manager screen.
7. Continue with other operations. Or Click File Disconnect, then
File Exit to quit PC-CDU.
P/N 7010-1004
5-7
Receiver and File Maintenance
Figure 5-10. Delete Files
8. To save a file to the computer, highlight the desired file, right
click and select Download from the pop up menu. In the Save As
dialog box navigate to or create a folder in which to download
and store the file (Figure 5-7). Click the Save button to download
and save the file.
Figure 5-11. Download a File
5-8
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Deleting Files from the Receiver Using TRU
Deleting Files from the
Receiver Using TRU
To also delete files from the receiver using TRU:
1. Connect the receiver to a computer. Open TRU. See
“Establishing an Serial (RS232) Cable Connection” on page 2-23
for this procedure.
2. Click
icon in the main window. The File Explorer dialog
box displays all logged raw data files (Figure 5-6).
Figure 5-12. File Explorer Dialog Window
P/N 7010-1004
5-9
Receiver and File Maintenance
3. Highlight a desired file in the File Explorer dialog box, right
click and select Delete from the pop up menu. Click Yes to
confirm the deletion.
Figure 5-13. Deletion of a File
Managing Receiver Memory
When using the receiver in static or dynamic applications, the user
may need to know the amount of memory the receiver’s log file
occupies. The specific memory size depends on the type of data being
recorded. Use the formulas below to compute the approximate size of
the receiver’s log files. These equations are based on the default set of
messages.
• SS – the estimated size of one epoch of raw data in the receiver’s
log file (expressed in bytes).
• N – the number of observed satellites per epoch.
When recording only L1 data:
SS = 183 + 22*N
When recording L1 and L2 data:
SS = 230 + 44*N
5-10
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Initializing the File System
Initializing the File System
The GR-5 supports a removable SDHC memory card to log raw data
files. The memory card must be initialized before its first use.
Initializing the memory card while in the receiver ensures the card is
formatted to the TPS proprietary file system (TPFS). This file system
allows the receiver to create, store, retrieve, delete, and restore raw
data files.
It is also advisable to reinitialize the memory card periodically (e.g.,
quarterly). This erases any data on the card, checks for bad blocks,
and sets the card up afresh.
The user can use TRU or PC-CDU to initialize the file system.
Initializing the File System Using
TRU
1. Connect the receiver to a computer and run TRU. See
“Connecting the Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21.
2. Click the File Explorer icon to open the File Explorer screen.
3. On Files tab, press and hold the left mouse button on the file line.
4. Click Initialize File System.
Initializing the file system of a connected receiver will erase all of the
receiver’s data files. A warning message will appear to confirm the
operation.
Managing Receiver Options
The Option Authorization File enables certain functions, features, and
options in the receiver, such as the following:
• the type of signal (L1, L1/L2, and so on) the receiver processes
• the amount of data the receiver stores in the memory
• the rate at which data is transmitted or received
P/N 7010-1004
5-11
Receiver and File Maintenance
For a complete list of available options and details, consult with a
TPS dealer.
Checking the Receiver’s OAF using
TRU
Use TRU to view the status of the receiver’s options.
1. Connect the receiver to a computer and run TRU. See
“Connecting the Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21 for this
procedure.
2. Click
icon in the main window. The Receiver Options
dialog box displays that allows the user to view the current
authorization options and upload new ones.
Figure 5-14. Receiver Options
Checking the Receiver’s OAF using
PC-CDU
Use PC-CDU to view the status of the receiver’s options.
1. Connect the receiver and computer. See “Connecting the
Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21 for this procedure.
5-12
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Managing Receiver Options
2. Click Tools Receiver Options. The Options Manager dialog
box (Figure 5-15 on page 5-14) contains the following
information:
• Option name – a name/description of the option
• Current – the current status of the option
• Purchased – if the option is purchased or not
• Leased – if the option is leased or not
• Expiration date – the date the option will be disabled, if
applicable
Since Options can be both purchased and leased, the “Current”
status of the option displays the currently effective value. Option
values can be one of the following:
• -1 or “-----” – the firmware version does not support this
option
• 0 – the receiver option is disabled
• positive integer – the option is enabled
• yes or no – the option is either enabled or disabled
P/N 7010-1004
5-13
Receiver and File Maintenance
3. When finished, click Exit on the Option Manager dialog box,
then click File Disconnect to disconnect from PC-CDU (and
prevent conflicts with serial port management).
Figure 5-15. View Option Manager
Loading an OAF using TRU
Topcon Positioning System dealers provide customers with OAF
files. For any OAF related questions, e-mail TPS at
[email protected] and include the receiver’s ID number (see the
bottom of the receiver for the ID).
1. To load a new OAF, follow steps one and two in “Loading an
OAF using TRU” on page 5-14.
2. Click Upload OAF at the bottom of the Receiver Options dialog
box (see Figure 5-15 on page 5-14).
5-14
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Managing Receiver Options
3. Navigate to the location of the new Option Authorization File.
OAFs have .jpo or .tpo extensions and are unique to each receiver
(Figure 5-17).
Figure 5-16. Load OAF
4. Select the appropriate file and click Upload to the Receiver
(Figure 5-17). The new receiver option loads onto the receiver
and the Option Manager table updates.
5. When finished, click Save Profile on the Receiver Options dialog
box, then click File Disconnect to prevent conflicts with serial
port management.
Loading an OAF using PC-CDU
Topcon Positioning System dealers provide customers with OAF
files. For any OAF related questions, e-mail TPS at
[email protected] and include the receiver’s ID number (see the
bottom of the receiver for the ID).
P/N 7010-1004
5-15
Receiver and File Maintenance
1. To load a new OAF, follow steps one and two in “Checking the
Receiver’s OAF using PC-CDU” on page 5-12.
2. Click Load at the bottom of the Option Manager dialog box (see
Figure 5-15 on page 5-14).
3. Navigate to the location of the new Option Authorization File.
OAFs have .jpo or .tpo extensions and are unique to each receiver
(Figure 5-17).
Figure 5-17. Load OAF
4. Select the appropriate file and click Open (Figure 5-17). The new
receiver option loads onto the receiver and the Option Manager
table updates.
5. When finished, click Exit on the Option Manager dialog box,
then click File Disconnect to prevent conflicts with serial port
management.
5-16
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Clearing the NVRAM
Clearing the NVRAM
The receiver’s Non-Volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM)
holds data required for satellite tracking, such as ephemeris data and
receiver position. The NVRAM also keeps the current receiver’s
settings, such as active antenna input, elevation masks and recording
interval, and information about the receiver’s internal file system.
Even though clearing the NVRAM is not a common (nor normally a
recommended) operation, there are times when clearing the NVRAM
can eliminate communication or tracking problems. Clearing the
NVRAM in the receiver can be interpreted as a “soft boot” in the
computer.
After clearing the NVRAM, the receiver requires time to collect new
ephemerides and almanacs (around 15 minutes).
Clearing the NVRAM of the receiver will not delete any files already
recorded in the receiver’s memory. However, it will reset the receiver
to factory default values.
In addition, the NVRAM keeps information about the receiver file
system. Note that after clearing the NVRAM, the receiver's STAT
LED flashes orange for a few seconds, indicating that the receiver is
scanning and checking the file system.
Clearing the NVRAM Using the
MINTER
1. Press the power key to turn off the receiver.
2. Press and hold the FUNCTION key.
3. Press and hold the power key for about one second. Release the
power key while continuing to hold the FUNCTION key.
4. Wait until the STAT and REC LEDs are green
5. Wait until the STAT and REC LEDs blink orange.
6. Release the FUNCTION key while the STAT and REC LEDs
blink orange.
P/N 7010-1004
5-17
Receiver and File Maintenance
Clearing the NVRAM Using TRU
1. Connect the receiver and computer. Open TRU. See “Connecting
the Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21 for this procedure.
2. Click
icon in the main window. The Tools dialog box
allows the user to reset the receiver and to clear the NVRAM
Figure 5-18. Tools Dialog Box
3. Click the Clear NVRAM button and click Yes button to continue
this procedure.
Clearing the NVRAM Using PC-CDU
1. Connect the receiver and computer. See “Connecting the
Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21 for this procedure.
2. Click Tools Clear NVRAM (Figure 5-19).
Figure 5-19. Clear NVRAM with PC-CDU
While the NVRAM clears, the REC LED flashes green and red; the
STAT LED flashes red. The receiver automatically disconnects when
finished.
5-18
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Changing Receiver Modes
Changing Receiver Modes
The receiver has the following three modes, two information modes
and one power modes:
• Normal Mode – the standard surveying mode.
• Extended Information Mode – used for testing purposes during
normal operation.
• Sleep Mode – used to stop recording data, but keeps the receiver
powered on “standby”.
Entering Extended Information Mode
Extended Information Mode (EIM) is used for receiver testing
purposes. In this mode, the receiver continues to work as usual, but
the STAT LED indicates “extended” information using a delimiter.
The Delimiter is a distinguishable double-blink that shows the overall
status of tests performed in EIM. The STAT LED color for delimiter
is calculated from the colors of other LED blinks, and becomes one of
the following colors when the tests complete:
• Orange – at least one blink is orange.
• Red – no orange blink and at least one red blink.
• Green – all other cases.
The delimiter double-blink is followed by six LED blinks
corresponding to six receiver tests, where each blink indicates the
following information:
Blink 1.
Blink 2.
Blink 3.
Blink 4.
Sufficient data for position computation.
GPS S/N ratios are good (Table 5-1).
GLONASS S/N ratios are good (Table 5-1).
Oscillator’s frequency offset is less than three ppm
(parts per million).
Blink 5. Oscillator's Allan Variance is better than 2.7e-10
(currently, always orange).
Blink 6. Continuous tracking time is more than 15 minutes.
P/N 7010-1004
5-19
Receiver and File Maintenance
Table 5-1. Signal-to-Noise (S/N) “Good” Ratios
CA/L1
P/L1
P/L2
GPS
51
39
39
GLONASS
51
49
40
The color of the blink indicates that information for test is unavailable
(orange), the receiver passed the test (green), or the receiver failed the
test (red).
1. To switch to EIM, press and quickly release the FUNCTION key
three times within (within three seconds) on the MINTER.
2. Watch for the delimiter double-blink. With good receiver,
antenna, and observation conditions, all blinks should be green
within 15 minutes of powering on.
• Green – ok
• Orange – wait
• Red – some tests failed
3. To switch back to normal mode, press the FUNCTION key three
times within three seconds.
Sleep (Off) Mode
In sleep mode, the power board and Bluetooth module continue to
draw power from the batteries, causing the batteries to drain over
time. Sleep mode is the normal “off” state of the receiver.
1. Turn on the receiver.
2. Press the receiver’s power key for more than four seconds and
less than eight seconds. The STAT LED will be orange. The
receiver enters Sleep Mode.
5-20
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Loading New Firmware Using TRU
3. Any activity on the RS232 port turns on the receiver.
NOTICE
If the user presses the power key for more than 9
seconds, the pressure is ignored by the GR-5. This
operation protects the receiver from stuck keys.
Loading New Firmware Using
TRU
Receiver board firmware is released as a compressed file that the user
download and decompress. This file contains the following three
files:
• ramimage.ldr – the Receiver board RAM file
• main.ldp – the Receiver board Flash file
• powbrd.ldr – the Power board RAM file
To upload firmware files to GR-5 receiver, follow the steps below:
1. Connect the receiver to a computer. Open TRU. See “Connecting
the Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21 for this procedure.
2.
Click
icon in the main window. The Upload Firmware
dialog box displays. This dialog allows the user to upload
firmware files to the connected receiver.
3. Select “Receiver/modem” in the Device type field.
4. Set the Capture Method to “Soft Break” (recommended)
P/N 7010-1004
5-21
Receiver and File Maintenance
5. Browse for and select the receiver board’s RAM file and Flash
file
Figure 5-20. Upload Firmware Dialog Box
6. Click Start to upload the selected files.
7. Click OK to complete uploading new firmware to the receiver.
Figure 5-21. Finishing Uploading Firmware
5-22
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Chapter 6
Troubleshooting
This chapter will help to diagnose and solve some common problems
encountered with the receiver.
WARNING
Do not attempt to repair equipment yourself. Doing
so will void the warranty and may damage the
hardware.
Check This First!
Before contacting Topcon support, check the following:
• Check all external receiver connections carefully to ensure
correct and secure connections. Double check for worn or
defective cables.
• Check all power sources for drained batteries or incorrectly
connected batteries/cables.
• Check that the most current software is downloaded onto the
computer and that the most current firmware is loaded into the
receiver. Check the TPS website for the latest updates.
• If connecting via Bluetooth, check that the port used for
connection is in Command mode.
Then, try the following:
• Reset the receiver using TRU (Tools Reset Receiver).
• Restore default settings using TRU (Tools
Factory Reset).
• Clear the NVRAM (see “Connecting the Receiver and a
Computer” on page 2-21).
• Initialize the file system (see “Initializing the File System” on
page 5-11). This will erase all files inside the receiver.
P/N 7010-1004
6-1
Troubleshooting
If the problem persists, see the following sections for other solutions.
Troubleshooting Quick List
For receiver power issues:
If “The receiver does not power up.” see page 6-3.
If “The receiver cannot establish a connection to a computer or
external controller.” see page 6-4.
For receiver issues:
If “The receiver does not lock on to satellites for a long period of
time.” see page 6-4.
If “The receiver tracks too few satellites.” see page 6-5.
If “The receiver cannot obtain Code Differential and/or RTK
solutions.” see page 6-5.
If “The receiver does not start data logging.” see page 6-8.
For modem issues:
If “TX RX LED Blink Pattern on Error Conditions” see
page 6-8.
6-2
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Powering Problems
Powering Problems
All receivers are preset in the factory to “Auto mode” for both
batteries. To check these settings, use the following procedure:
1. Connect the receiver and computer and run PC-CDU (see
“Connecting the Receiver and a Computer” on page 2-21).
2. Once connected, click Configuration Receiver.
3. On the General tab, view the Power and Charger fields. These
fields should be set to “Auto”. If not, change them to Auto and
click Apply.
TIP
Clearing the NVRAM returns the receiver to Auto
power mode (see “Clearing the NVRAM” on
page 5-17).
The receiver does not power up.
D
The attachable batteries may be improperly attached.
• Check that the batteries are correctly attached.
• Check that the battery contacts at the top of the attachable
battery are clean and dust free.
D
The batteries may be discharged.
• Connect/attach a fully charged battery and retry. See
“Powering the Receiver” on page 2-14.
• Charge the batteries overnight. See “Powering the Receiver”
on page 2-14.
D
If using an external power source, the cable may be
disconnected or damaged.
Check that the cable is securely connected and undamaged.
D
The receiver may have a defective charger or defective
batteries.
If, after changing the batteries or connecting an external
power source, the receiver still does not power up, contact
TPS Customer Support for advice.
P/N 7010-1004
6-3
Troubleshooting
Receiver Problems
The following are some of the most commonly encountered receiver
problems.
The receiver cannot establish a connection to a computer or
external controller.
Cable specific problems:
D
The cable is not properly plugged in.
• Check that the cable connector is attached to the correct
receiver port.
• Unplug the cable, then securely and properly reconnect it to
the receiver.
• See “GR-5 Receiver” on page 1-8 and “Connector
Specifications” on page A-14 for information on the
receiver’s connectors.
D
The cable is damaged.
Use an undamaged cable. Contact a Dealer to replace the
cable.
Generic problems:
D
The receiver port used for connection is not in Command mode.
1. Connect the receiver and a computer using a free port
(see “Connecting the Receiver and a Computer” on
page 2-21) and start PC-CDU.
2. Click Configuration Receiver Ports.
3. Change the Input for the port used for connection to
“Command”.
The receiver does not lock on to satellites for a long period of
time.
D
The receiver stores an old almanac.
Update the almanac. See “Collecting Almanacs and
Ephemerides” on page 2-27 for details.
6-4
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Receiver Problems
D
The corresponding receiver options may be disabled or expired
(L1/L2, GPS/GLONASS must be on to track satellites).
• See “Managing Receiver Options” on page 5-11 for details
on how to check current options.
• Order a new OAF with the desired options activated to
enable or extend validity of the corresponding receiver
options. Contact a dealer or visit the TPS website for
details
• Refer to the PC-CDU Reference Manual for a detailed
description of options.
The receiver tracks too few satellites.
D
The elevation mask value is too high (above 15 degrees).
Lower the elevation mask. See page 3-19 for information on
setting the elevation mask.
D
The survey is conducted near obstructions (tree canopy, tall
buildings, and so forth).
• Check that the Multipath Reduction boxes have been
enabled.
1. Connect the receiver and a computer and start
PC-CDU. See “Connecting the Receiver and a
Computer” on page 2-21.
2. Click Configuration Advanced and the Multipath
Reduction tab. Enable the two boxes and click
Apply.
• Move to an area free of obstructions, if applicable.
The receiver cannot obtain Code Differential and/or RTK
solutions.
D
Incorrect Base coordinates entered.
Specify the correct coordinates for the Base station using
PC-CDU or another suitable field data collection software.
D
The receiver is not configured as a Base or Rover.
P/N 7010-1004
6-5
Troubleshooting
• If the receiver should function as a Base, ensure it has the
proper configuration. See Chapter 3 for details.
• If the receiver should function as a Rover, ensure it has the
proper configuration. See Chapter 3 for details.
D
The corresponding receiver options may be disabled or expired.
• See “Managing Receiver Options” on page 5-11 for details
on how to check current options.
• Order a new OAF with the required options activated to
enable or extend validity of the corresponding receiver
options. Contact a dealer or visit the TPS website for
details
• Refer to the PC-CDU Reference Manual for a detailed
description of options.
D
There are not enough common satellites. In order to obtain a
fixed solution, the Base and Rover should track at least five
common satellites.
• Ensure that both the Rover and Base receivers use the
same, and updated, almanac. See “Collecting Almanacs
and Ephemerides” on page 2-27.
• Check the elevation masks of the Rover and Base receivers;
they should be the same. See page 3-19 for information on
setting the elevation mask.
D
A discrepancy exists between the differential standards used at
the Base and Rover receivers.
Ensure the Base and Rover receivers use the same corrections
input/output format:
1. Connect the receiver and a computer and start PC-CDU.
See “Connecting the Receiver and a Computer” on
page 2-21.
2. Click Configuration Receiver and the Ports tab. Use
the same input/output format for both receivers.
D
Poor satellite geometry (PDOP/GDOP values are too high).
Conduct a survey when PDOP values are low.
6-6
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Receiver Problems
D
The elevation mask is above 15 degrees.
Lower the elevation mask. See page 3-19 for information on
setting the elevation mask.
D
The battery power is low.
• Attach an external power source to the receiver. See “Using
an Auxiliary Power Source” on page 2-18.
• See “Powering the Receiver” on page 2-14 for details.
D
The transmitting and/or receiving antenna may be improperly
connected.
• Check that the radio modem’s antenna is securely and
properly connected to the antenna connector.
• Check that the radio modem’s antenna is undamaged. If
damaged, contact a TPS dealer to replace the antenna.
D
The specified baud rate is incompatible with the baud rates the
modem supports.
The baud rate is the rate at which the receiver transmits
differential messages to the modem and vice versa.
Change the baud rate to that which the modem supports.
Refer to the modem’s manual for information.
D
The Base and Rover modems use different radio link
parameters.
Configure the Base and Rover radio modems according to the
procedures listed in the applicable section. See “Modem
Configuration” on page 3-4
D
The distance between the Base and Rover is too far.
• Close the distance between the Base and Rover.
• Use repeaters to increase radio coverage.
D
There may be a source of radio interference that disrupts radio
communications.
• Change the RF channel (if possible).
P/N 7010-1004
6-7
Troubleshooting
• Use a spectrum analyzer to detect the radio characteristics
of the interfering signal and change the system’s
configuration accordingly.
• Remove the source of jamming signal or relocate the radio
antennas (if possible).
The receiver does not start data logging.
D
The receiver has no the SDHC card installed or the memory
option is disabled or expired.
• Check that the card is properly inserted. For details,
see “Installing the Optional SDHC and SIM Cards” on
page 2-4.
• Check that the memory option is enabled. For details,
see “Checking the Receiver’s OAF using PC-CDU” on
page 5-12.
D
The receiver’s memory card has no free space.
• Download and/or delete data files to free up space for new
files (see “Downloading Files to a Computer” on page 5-1
and “Deleting Files from the Receiver’s SDHC Card Using
PC-CDU” on page 5-7).
• Use the AFRM feature. See “Automatic File Rotation
Mode (AFRM) parameters” on page 3-44.
TX RX LED Blink Pattern on
Error Conditions
For internal FH915+/UHF modems: the TX RX LED flashes red.
D
A fault condition has been detected.
• Check that the radio modem’s antenna is undamaged.
Contact a dealer to replace the antenna.
• Check that the radio modem’s antenna is securely and
properly connected to the antenna connector.
6-8
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Obtaining Technical Support
• Move the antenna/receiver away from conducting objects
(such as, large metal objects).
D
The cable is damaged.
• Use an undamaged cable.
• Contact a Dealer to replace the cable.
For internal GSM/GPRS modems: the TX RX LED flashes
orange.
D
The Rover uses the wrong PIN code, or no PIN code was
selected.
1. In TopSURV, click Job Config Survey.
2. Click the “...” (continue) button and press Next to
navigate to the Rover Radio configuration screen.
3. Press Configure GSM.
4. Select the PIN of the Base Station and press OK.
D
An initialization error has occurred.
• Check that the radio modem’s antenna is undamaged.
Contact a Topcon dealer to replace the antenna.
• Check that the radio modem’s antenna is securely and
properly connected to the antenna connector on the
radome.
Obtaining Technical Support
If the troubleshooting hints and tips in this Operator’s Manual fail to
remedy the problem, contact Topcon Customer Support.
Before contacting Topcon Customer support about any problems with
the receiver, see “Check This First!” on page 6-1 for some solutions
that may fix the issue.
P/N 7010-1004
6-9
Troubleshooting
Phone
To contact Topcon Customer Support by phone, call:
• 1-800-4-Topcon or 1-800-476-5542
• 1-866-4-Topcon or 1-866-486-7266
Email
To contact Topcon Customer Support via email, use one of the
following electronic mail addresses (Table 6-1).
Table 6-1. Technical Support Email
For Questions Related To...
Use...
Hardware (receivers, antennas, firmware)
[email protected]
GNSS
[email protected]
OAF
[email protected]
RTK
[email protected]
TRU/PC-CDU
[email protected]
If in doubt...
[email protected]
TIP
For quick and effective support, provide a detailed
description of the problem.
When e-mailing Topcon customer support, provide the following
information for better, faster service:
1. The receiver model and configuration settings.
In TRU, click Help About and click Save to file. Enter a name
for the file and save it to the computer. Attach this file to the email.
2. The system/hardware specifications for the computer running
TRU; such as, operating system and version, memory and storage
capacity, processor speed, and so forth.
3. The symptoms and/or error codes/messages that precede and
follow the problem.
6-10
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Obtaining Technical Support
4. The activities being tried when the problem occurs. If possible,
include the exact steps being taken up to when the error message
or other problem occurs.
5. How regularly the problem occurs.
Generally, a customer support representative will reply within 24
hours, depending on the severity of the problem.
Website
The Topcon website provides current information about Topcon’s
line of products. The support area of the website provides access to
frequently asked questions, configuration procedures, manuals, email support, and so forth.
To access the Topcon website, go to
http://www.topconpositioning.com
P/N 7010-1004
6-11
Troubleshooting
Notes:
6-12
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Specifications
This TPS product is a 216-channel GNSS receiver with an internal
radio modem, a Bluetooth® wireless technology module, an optional
GMS or CDMA module, and a rugged magnesium housing complete
with MINTER and cable connectors.
NOTICE
Performance specifications assume a minimum of 6
GPS satellites above 15 degrees in elevation and
adherence to the procedures recommended in this
manual.
NOTICE
In areas of high multipath, during periods of large
PDOP, and during periods of increased ionospheric
activity, performance may degrade.
NOTICE
Use robust checking procedures in areas of extreme
multipath or under dense foliage.
Receiver Specifications
The following sections provide specifications for the receiver and its
internal components.
General Details
Table A-1 lists the receiver’s general specifications.
Table A-1. Receiver General Specifications
Physical
Enclosure
Magnesium, IPX 6 extrusion, rainproof
Color
Topcon Yellow and Topcon Grey
P/N 7010-1004
A-1
Table A-1. Receiver General Specifications (Continued)
Dimensions
W:158.1 x H:253.0 x D:158.1 mm
Weight
1.88 kg with batteries, 1.44 kg without batteries
Antenna
Internal
Battery
Two external, detachable
Controller
External
Mounting
5/8-11, quick disconnect
Seals
Silicon (molding in Color)
Keys
Two keys:
Power – On/Off
Function – start/stop data logging; switch information
mode.
LEDs
Six LEDs:
STAT – satellite and receiver status
REC – record and data status
RX TX – modem status
BT – Bluetooth wireless technology connection status
BATT x 2 – battery status
Environment
Operating
temperature
-40 C° to +70 C°
-30 C° to +60 C° with integrated batteries
0 C° to +45 C° Charging mode with batteries
Storage temperature
-20 C° to +35 C° with batteries
-40 C° to +75 C° without batteries
Humidity
95%
Power
External batteries
Li-ion, 3900 mAh, 7.2 V; 2 batteries; detachable
Battery size
133 x 55 x 35 (mm)
Battery weight
220 g (1 battery)
A-2
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Table A-1. Receiver General Specifications (Continued)
Operating time
Average with
modem “on” and 12
SVs tracked.
Using new
batteries, operating
at room
temperature, and
transmitting at 1 Hz
rate.
• Modem = off – approx. 20 hours
• AA-sized battery shells attached to both battery slots
and modem is off – approx. 2.5 hours
FH915
• Receive-only modem – approx. 14 hours
• Transmitting at 250 mW – approx. 12 hours
• Transmitting at 1 W – approx. 10 hours
• GSM/GPRS modem in urban areas - 13 hours
Digital UHF
• Receive-only modem – approx. 14 hours
• Transmitting at 250 mW – approx. 12 hours
• Transmitting at 1 W – approx. 9 hours
• GSM/GPRS modem in urban areas - 12 hours
Satel
• Receive-only modem – approx. 14 hours
• Transmitting at 250 mW – approx. 12 hours
• Transmitting at 1 W – approx. 11 hours
• GSM/GPRS modem in urban areas - 12 hours
External power
1 port
Input voltage
9 to 21 V DC (for work)
10 to 21 V DC (for charge battery)
Maximum Charge Current <=2 Amp
P/N 7010-1004
A-3
Table A-1. Receiver General Specifications (Continued)
Consumption
Average with
modem “on” and 12
SVs tracked.
Using new
batteries, operating
at room
temperature, and
transmitting at 1 Hz
rate.
• Modem = off – approx. 2.5 W
• Urban areas with short distance to cell sites and GSM/
GPRS is on – approx 4.2 W
FH915
• 915 receive-only modem – approx. 3.4 W
• 915 modem transmits at 250 mW – approx. 5.0 W
• 915 modem transmits at 1 W – approx. 6 W
Digital UHF
• Receiver: 3.3W
• Receiver + Modem (RX mode): <= 4.3W
• Receiver + Modem (TX 0.5W): <= 6W
• Receiver + Modem (TX 1W): <= 7W
Satel
• Receiver: 3.3W
• Receiver + Modem (RX mode): <= 4.3W
• Receiver + Modem (TX 0.5W): <= 6W
• Receiver + Modem (TX 1W): <= 7W
Battery charge
Connect the AC adaptor to charge the internal battery.
Available run charge when connected to external battery.
Charging time
~6 hours for full charge
On-board
Backup battery for timekeeping and almanac data storage;
10 years minimum operation
I/O
Communication
Ports
A-4
A high speed RS232 serial port (rimmed in black), a USB
port (rimmed in yellow), and an internal Bluetooth
communication port (port D).
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Table A-1. Receiver General Specifications (Continued)
Port specifications
RS232 Serial Port
Baud rate: 460800,230400,115200(default),57600,
38400,19200,9600,4800,2400,1200,600, 300
Flow control: RTS/CTS
Length: 7,8 (default)
Sop bit: 1 (default), 2
Parity: None (default), Odd, Even
Bluetooth port
Available
USB port
Version 1.1
Connectors
Modem Antenna (BNC or reverse polarity TNC
depending on modem type), PWR, RS232 Serial, USB
MINTER
Six external LEDs (see “LEDs” on page A-2 for details)
ON/OFF control input (power button)
Data logging control (FUNCTION button)
Data Features
Up to 100 Hz update rate for real time position and raw
data (code and carrier)
10cm code phase and 0.1mm carrier phase precision
RTCM SC104 version 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and 3.0 I/O
Multiple Base RTCM
Geoid and Magnetic Variation models
Different DATUMs support
Output of grid coordinates
CMR and CMR+ support
Technology
Advanced Multipath mitigation
WAAS
Adjustable PLL and DLL parameters
NMEA
NMEA version
Ver. 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.0 output
Messages
GGA, GLL, GNS, GRS, GSA, GST, GSV, HDT, RMC,
VTG, ZDA, ROT, GMP, UID, P_ATT
P/N 7010-1004
A-5
Table A-1. Receiver General Specifications (Continued)
Output interval
1Hz standard; 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 Hz optional
DGPS
Correction format
RTCM SC104 Ver 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and 3.0
RTCM message
type
1, 3, 9, 31, 32, 34; user selectable
Process interval
1Hz standard; 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 Hz optional
Output interval for
RTCM correction
data
1Hz standard; 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 Hz optional
Elevation mask
0 to 90 degrees (independent of data logging)
Multi-base DGPS
Differential correction select mode: Nearest, Mix, Best
(optional)
RTK
Correction format
CMR2/CMR+ (Trimble compatible), RTCM SC104 Ver
2.2, 2.3, or 3.0
RTCM message
type
3, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22; user selectable
Ambiguity initialize
OTF (L1, L1/L2)
Baseline Length
Up to 50km in the morning and evening.
Up to 32km at noon.
Initialize time
5 seconds to 10 min depending on the base line length and
multipath conditions
Output interval for
CMR/RTCM
1Hz standard; 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 Hz optional
Elevation
0 to 90 degrees (independent of data logging)
Solution mode
Delay (synchronization)
Extrapolation (not synchronized)
Process interval
1Hz standard; 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 Hz optional
A-6
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Table A-1. Receiver General Specifications (Continued)
Latency
Delay mode – 20 msec to 20 sec (depends on latency
which receives corrections data from base receiver)
Extrapolation – 20 to 30 msec
Raw Data logging
The receiver can record raw data at another interval
during RTK operation
Status
Fix, Float, DOP, Data Link Status, Modem Latency,
Common satellites, Percentage of fixing
Results
RTK coordinates, HRMS, VRMS, Covariance Matrix
Ambiguity fixing
level
Selectable thresholds
Low: 95%; Medium: 99.5%; High: 99.9%
Survey Modes
Base or Rover
Static
Kinematic (Stop and Go)
RTK (Real-time Kinematic)
DGPS (Differential GPS)
WASS/EGNOS DGPS
Survey Accuracy
Static, Fast Static
For L1 –
H: 3mm + 0.8ppm (x baseline length);
V: 4mm + 1ppm (x baseline length)
For L1+L2 – H: 3mm + 0.5ppm (x baseline length);
V: 5mm + 0.5ppm (x baseline length)
Kinematic, RTK
For L1 –
H: 15mm + 1.5ppm (x baseline length);
V: 30mm + 1.5ppm (x baseline length)
For L1+ L2, L1 – H: 10mm + 1.0ppm (x baseline length);
V: 15mm + 1.0ppm (x baseline length)
DGPS
P/N 7010-1004
with User Base – H: 0.4m RMS
V: 0.6m RMS
with SBAS – H: 1.0m RMS
V: 1.5m RMS
A-7
Table A-1. Receiver General Specifications (Continued)
Hot Start
Warm Start
Cold Start
Reacquisition
<= 10 sec
<= 30 sec
<= 60 sec
<= 1 sec
GPS Board Details
Table A-2 lists the GPS board’s general specifications.
Table A-2. GPS Board Specifications
Receiver Type (set by activating the proper OAF)
Internal board:
GR-5
GPS: L1/L2 C/A & P (Y) -code, L2C, L5 full wave carrier
GLONASS: L1, L2 C/A & P-code full-wave carrier
GALILEO: Giove-A, Giove-B (E & E5a)
SBAS (WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS) L1 code & carrier
Hardware type:
country/region/
purpose dependent
with FH915+ TX/RX/RP
with FH915+ TX/RX/RP + GSM/GPRS
with Digital UHF + GSM/GPRS
with Satel UHF + GSM/GPRS
Tracking Specifications
Standard Channels
216 universal channels
Optional
Cinderella days (see page A-9 for details)
Tracked Signals
GPS: L1/L2 C/A & P (Y) -code, L2C, L5 full wave carrier
GLONASS: L1, L2 C/A & P-code full-wave carrier
GALILEO: Giove-A, Giove-B (E & E5a)
SBAS (WAAS/EGNOS/MSAS) L1 code & carrier
Tracking Functions
Multi-path
reduction
Code and Carrier
PLL/DLL setting
Bandwidth, order, adjustable
Smoothing interval
Code and Carrier
WAAS/EGNOS
WAAS optional; EGNOS optional
A-8
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Table A-2. GPS Board Specifications (Continued)
Data Features
Formats
TPS, NMEA, RTCM, CMR, BINEX
Features
Up to 100 Hz update rate for real time position and raw
data (code and carrier)
10cm code phase and 0.1mm carrier phase precision
RTCM SC104 version 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and 3.0 I/O
Multiple Base RTCM
Geoid and Magnetic Variation models
Different DATUMs support
Output of grid coordinates
CMR and CMR+ support
Memory
Internal Memory
SDHC (Secure Digital High-Capacity) card, removable
Capacity
Dependent on capacity of the installed SDHC carda,
currently up to 2 GB
Logging Time
480 hours (2GB memory, 1Hz update rate, L1/L2, 14
satellites)
Logging Interval
0.05 to 86400 seconds, depending on purchased options
a. SDHC = Secure Digital High-Capacity
Recommended cards: Transcend® Ultra Industrial 2 GB, APRO®
Industrial 4GB, SanDisk® Ultra II, or Swissbit® Industrial 2GB.
Cinderella days is an option that turns a single frequency, GPS
receiver into a dual-frequency, GNSS GLONASS receiver for 24
hours every other Tuesday at GPS midnight. Refer to Topcon’s
website for more information and specific Cinderella day dates.
Bluetooth Module Details
Table A-3 lists the Bluetooth wireless technology module’s general
specifications.
Table A-3. Bluetooth Module Specifications
Range
P/N 7010-1004
up to 10 m (indoor); up to 20 m (outdoor)
A-9
Table A-3. Bluetooth Module Specifications (Continued)
Type
Class 2
Service classes
Miscellaneous
Supported profiles
LM, L2CAP, SDP, SPPP
Frequency Country
Code
North America and Europe
Internal
UHF Spectrum
Modem General
Internal Topcon
TPS Spread
Specification
Details
Modem Details
Table
general specifications.
TableA-5
A-4lists
liststhe
theDigital
internalUHF
TPSmodem's
spread spectrum
modem’s general
specifications.
Table
A-4.
Internal
TPS
Spread
Spectrum
Table
A-5.
GR-5
Digital
UHF
Modem
GeneralSpecifications
Specifications
General
Frequency Range
country/region/
purpose dependent
902 to 928 MHz, United States
915 to 925 MHz, Australia
Signal structuring
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum
Hopping pattern
5 per band, user-selectable
Hopping channels
128
Occupied
bandwidth
100 KHz
Frequency
modulation
technique
FSK, 64 Kbps
System gain
135 dB
Network topology
Point-to-point, Point-to-multipoint
Operation mode
Transmitter, Receiver, Repeater
A-10
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Table A-4. Internal TPS Spread Spectrum Specifications (Continued)
Protocol
FH915, FH915+
Transmitter (TX)
Carrier power
250 mW (24 dBm)/1 W (30 dBm), user selectable
Receiver (RX)
Sensitivity
-105 dBm at 10-4 BER
Dynamic range
105 dBm
Data communications
Serial interface
RS232
This
page is intentionally
left blank
Serial data rate
9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 bps, user selectable
Effective radio link
rate
9600, 10200, 17000, 51000 bps
User selectable for FH915; automatic selection for
FH915+
Error correction
FEC (15.7), majority decoding
Antenna Type
Type
1/2 wave articulating whip
Connector
Reverse polarity TNC
Gain
2.5 dBi
Internal Topcon UHF Modem General
Specification Details
Table A-5 lists the Digital UHF modem’s general specifications.
Table A-5. GR-5 Digital UHF Modem General Specifications
Parameter
Specification
Operating frequency range
country/region/purpose dependent
410-470 MHz
Modulation techniques
GMSK, DBPSK, and DQPSK
Channel spacing
12.5 kHz/25 kHz
P/N 7010-1004
A-11
Table A-5. GR-5 Digital UHF Modem General Specifications (Continued)
Parameter
Transmission rates at 25 kHz spacing
Specification
• GMSK/DBPSK – 9600 bps
• DQPSK – 19200 bps
Transmission rates at 12.5 kHz spacing
• GMSK/DBPSK – 4800 bps
• DBPSK – 9600 bps
Data speed of serial interface
Max 115200 bps
Forward Error Correction
Available
Scrambling
Available
Communication mode
Half-Duplex
Internal
UHF Satel
This
page is intentionally
left blank Modem
Details
Table A-6 lists the internal UHF Satel modem’s general
specifications.
Table A-6. Internal UHF Satel Modem Specifications
General
Frequency Range
431–465; according to country
TX/RX: specific 4MHz frequency range allocated
according to country
Channel spacing
12.5KHz/20KHz/25KHz
Signal Modulation
4-level FSK or GMSK
Frequency stability
<± 1.5 kHz
Type of emission
F1D
Communication
mode
Half-duplex
Data speed of serial
interface
300–38400 bps
Data speed of radio
interface
19200 bps (25kHz channel)
9600 bps (12.5 kHz channel)
Data format
Asynchronous
A-12
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Table A-6. Internal UHF Satel Modem Specifications (Continued)
Supported
Protocols
Proprietary
PacCrest PDL
TrimTalk
Transmitter (TX)
Carrier power
10mW–1W/50 ohms
Carrier power
stability
+2dB / -3 dB
Adjacent channel
power
according to EN 300 220-1/ETS 300 113
Spurious radiations
according to EN 300 220-1/ETS 300 113
Receiver (RX)
This page is intentionally left blank
Sensitivity
-116...-110 dBm (BER<10 E-3)
Common channel
rejection
>-12dB
Adjacent channel
selectivity
>60 dB @ 12.5 kHz
>70 dB @ 25 kHz
Intermodulation
attenuation
> 65 dB
Spurious radiation
<2nW
Optional GSM/GPRS Module Details
Table A-7 lists the internal general specifications for the internal
modem connection for an optional GSM/GPRS module.
Table A-7. GSM/GPRS Module Specifications
Operating systems
EGSM: 900/1800 MHz;
GSM: 850/1900 MHz;
TX power
0.6 W (850 MHz); 2 W (900 MHz); 1 W (1800/1900
MHz);
P/N 7010-1004
A-13
Table A-7. GSM/GPRS Module Specifications (Continued)
GPRS
Multi-slot class 8 (4 down; 1 up);
Max BR 85.6 Kbps;
Class B GSM 07.10 multiplexing protocol;
Coding scheme CS1-CS4;
CSD
Max BR 14.4 Kbps;
SMS
MO/MT Text and PDU modes;
Cell broadcast;
Connector Specifications
The GR-5 has one antenna connector for radio transmission/reception
and three port connectors for power and data upload/download.
Radio (Modem) RF Connector
The modem connector (Table A-8) is a reverse polarity TNC
connector for spread spectrum and a BNC connector for Digital and
Satel modem.
Table A-8. Modem Connector Specifications
Modem
Type
Signal Type
Dir
Details
Spread
Spectrum
Reverse
polarity TNC
Modem I/O
I/O
RF/GSM input/
output to/from
modem antenna
Digital/
Satel
BNC
Modem I/O
I/O
RF/GSM input/
output to/from
modem antenna
A-14
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Power Connector
Rimmed in red, the power connector (Figure A-1) is a sealed
receptacle, 5 pin, ODU part number G80F1C-T05QF00-0000.
2
3
4
1
5
Figure A-1. Power Connector
Table A-9 gives power connector specifications.
Table A-9. Power Connector Specifications
Number
Signal Name
Dir
Details
1
Power_INP
P
9 to 21 volts DC input
2
Power_INP
P
9 to 21 volts DC input
3
Power_GND
P
Ground, power return
4
Power_GND
P
Ground, power return
5
Aux_Power
P
9 to 21 volts DC input
P/N 7010-1004
A-15
Serial C-RS232 Connector
Rimmed in black, the serial RS232 connector (Figure A-2) is a sealed
receptacle, 7 pin, ODU part number G80F1C-T07QC00-0000.
3
4
2
1
5
7
6
Figure A-2. Serial RS232 Connector
Table A-10 gives the RS232 cable connector specifications.
Table A-10. RS232 Connector Specifications
Number
Signal Name
Dir
1
Details
Not used
2
GND
-
Signal ground
3
CTS
I
Clear to send
4
RTS
O
Request to send
5
RXD
I
Receive data
6
TXD
O
Transmit data
7
A-16
Not used
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
USB Connector
Rimmed in yellow, the USB connector is a sealed receptacle, 4 pin
TPS cable connector (Figure A-3).
2
1
3
4
Figure A-3. USB Connector for GGD Options
Table A-11 gives the USB connector specifications.
Table A-11. USB Specifications
Number
Signal Name
Dir
Details
1
USB_PWR
P
Bus power input
2
USB D-
I/O
Data minus
3
USB D+
I/O
Data plus
4
GND
-
Ground
P/N 7010-1004
A-17
Notes:
A-18
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Appendix B
Safety Warnings
General Warnings
NOTICE
WARNING
DANGER
P/N 7010-1004
To comply with RF exposure requirements,
maintain at least 25cm between the user and the
radio modem.
TPS receivers are designed for survey and survey
related uses (that is, surveying coordinates,
distances, angles and depths, and recording such
measurements). This product should never be used:
• Without the user thoroughly understanding this
manual.
• After disabling safety systems or altering the
product.
• With unauthorized accessories.
• Without proper safeguards at the survey site.
• Contrary to applicable laws, rules, and
regulations.
TPS receivers should never be used in dangerous
environments. Use in rain or snow for a limited
period is permitted.
B-1
Battery Pack Warnings
DANGER
DANGER
WARNING
B-2
Never attempt to open the casing of the detachable
batteries! Lithium-Ion batteries can be dangerous if
mishandled!
Do not incinerate or heat battery pack above 212
degrees fahrenheit (100 degrees celsius). Excessive
heat can cause serious damage and possible
explosion.
Tampering with the batteries by end users or nonfactory authorized technicians will void the
battery’s warranty.
• Do not attempt to open the battery pack or
replace it.
• Do not disassemble the battery pack.
• Do not charge in conditions different than
specified.
• Do not use other than the specified battery
charger.
• Do not short circuit.
• Do not crush or modify.
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Usage Warnings
CAUTION
CAUTION
P/N 7010-1004
If this product has been dropped, altered,
transported or shipped without proper packaging, or
otherwise treated without care, erroneous
measurements may occur.
The owner should periodically test this product to
ensure it provides accurate measurements.
Inform TPS immediately if this product does not
function properly.
Only allow authorized TPS warranty service centers
to service or repair this product.
B-3
Notes:
B-4
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Appendix C
Regulatory Information
The following sections provide information on this product’s
compliance with government regulations for use.
FCC Compliance
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is
subject to the following two conditions:
1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and
2. This device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits
are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in residential installations. This equipment generates,
uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and
used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee
that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television
equipment reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Move the equipment away from the receiver.
• Plug the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that
to which the receiver is powered.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician
for additional suggestions.
P/N 7010-1004
C-1
CAUTION
Any changes or modifications to the equipment not
expressly approved by the party responsible for
compliance could void your authority to operate
such equipment.
Community of Europe
Compliance
The product described in this manual is in compliance with the
R&TTE and EMC directives from the European Community.
WEEE Directive
Following information is for EU-member states only:
The use of the symbol below indicates that this product may not be
treated as household waste. By ensuring this product is disposed of
correctly, you will help prevent potential negative consequences for
the environment and human health, which could otherwise be caused
by inappropriate waste handling of this product. For more detailed
information about the take-back and recycling of this product, please
contact the supplier where you purchased the product or consult.
C-2
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Appendix D
Warranty Terms
TPS laser and electronic positioning equipment are guaranteed
against defective material and workmanship under normal use and
application consistent with this Manual. The equipment is guaranteed
for the period indicated, on the warranty card accompanying the
product, starting from the date that the product is sold to the original
purchaser by TPS’ Authorized Dealers.1
During the warranty period, TPS will, at its option, repair or replace
this product at no additional charge. Repair parts and replacement
products will be furnished on an exchange basis and will be either
reconditioned or new. This limited warranty does not include service
to repair damage to the product resulting from an accident, disaster,
misuses, abuse or modification of the product.
Warranty service may be obtained from an authorized TPS warranty
service dealer. If this product is delivered by mail, purchaser agrees to
insure the product or assume the risk of loss or damage in transit, to
prepay shipping charges to the warranty service location and to use
the original shipping container or equivalent. A letter should
accompany the package furnishing a description of the problem and/
or defect.
The purchaser’s sole remedy shall be replacement as provided above.
In no event shall TPS be liable for any damages or other claim
including any claim for lost profits, lost savings or other incidental or
consequential damages arising out of the use of, or inability to use,
the product.
1. The warranty against defects in a Topcon battery, charger, or cable is 90
days.
P/N 7010-1004
D-1
Notes:
D-2
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Index
Index
A
Adapter, quick disconnect 1-24
AFRM 3-42, 6-8
Almanac 2-1
broadcast data 2-27
collect 4-7
definition 2-27
update 2-28, 6-4
Always append to file 3-42
Antenna
radio modem 6-8, 6-9
Antenna reference point 4-4
See also ARP
Antenna, external 1-15
ARP 4-4
Automatic file rotation mode 3-42
B
Base configuration
RTK 3-33
static 3-33
Base receiver, definition 3-1
Base station 4-2
configuration 3-20, 3-30–3-38
definition, RTK 3-19, 3-29
definition, static 3-19, 3-29
power 2-8
setup 4-2, 4-12
BATT LED 2-14
See also Battery status
Batteries 1-19, 2-8, 2-15
See also Power management
attach 2-16
auxiliary 2-18, 2-19
base station 2-8
battery shell 2-17
P/N 7010-1004
charging 2-8–2-9
charging setup 2-10
detach 2-16
Battery shell 1-25, 2-17
Battery status
charging cradle 2-8
receiver 2-14
via PC-CDU 2-13, 2-14
Bluetooth 2-21, 2-22, 2-24
configuration 2-24
port D settings 2-22
unable to connect 2-22
Bluetooth connection parameters 3-31
BT LED, blink pattern 1-12
BTCONF 2-24
C
Cables 1-20
alligator clips 1-25
Charging cradle
powering GR-3 2-18
status button 2-8
Checklist
PP survey configuration 3-2
pre-survey 2-1
receiver setup 4-1
RTK survey configuration 3-2
Configure
Bluetooth module 2-24
MINTER 3-40
Connect receiver to computer
unable to connect 2-22
using Bluetooth 2-22
using PC-CDU 3-30
using RS232 cable 2-23, 2-25
using TRU 3-20
using USB cable 2-24
Index
Index
connecting 3-3
Connector 1-16
quick disconnect 1-24
Controller 1-24
Coordinate output 4-13
GSM 4-13
spread spectrum 4-13
Cradle
See Charging Cradle
D
Data recording auto-start 3-44
Data, save to SD card 2-4
Delete files 5-7
Delimiter 5-18
Differential corrections
LQ field 4-13
Digital UHF
modem specifications A-11
Download
files 5-1
software 2-2
E
EIM 5-18–5-19
LED blink indications 5-19
Elevation mask 3-41
Ephemeris
broadcast data 2-27
definition 2-27
update 2-28
External antenna 1-15
Firmware
update almanac 2-28
FN key mode 3-33, 3-43
G
GNSS, definition 1-3
GPRS, and SIM card 2-6
GPS antenna 1-8
GR-3 kit 4-2, 4-3
cables 1-20
modem antenna 1-22
power supply 1-21, 2-7
quick disconnect 1-24
setup Base 4-2
setup Rover 4-3
tribrach 1-23
GSM modem 1-9
antenna 1-22
RX TX LED 1-12
GSM usage B-1
H
Horizontal spacer 1-23, 4-2
part number 1-23, 4-2
I
Information mode
EIM 5-18
sleep 5-19
STAT LED 5-18
Initial data collection dynamic mode 3-
44
F
FH915 modem 1-9
RX TX LED 1-12
File creation mode 3-42
File name prefix 3-41
Files
delete 5-7
deleting 5-9
download 5-1
downloading 5-5
Index
Install
PC-CDU 2-2
SD card 2-5
SIM card 2-6
Topcon software 2-2
USB driver 2-21, 3-29
Internal antenna offset 4-4
L
LED
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
Index
battery, charging cradle 2-8
BT blink pattern 1-12
REC blink pattern 1-11
STAT 1-10
LQ field 4-14
and RTK Rovers 4-13
M
Memory 2-4
size of log files 5-10
Minimum INTERface
See MINTER
MINTER 4-8
configuration 3-40
functions 3-39, 4-8
parameters 3-40, 3-41–3-44
MMC 1-17
See also SD
definition 1-17
Modem configuration
See Radio configuration
Modem frequency range A-10
Modem status 1-12
Modem, types for GR-3 1-9
Modem-TPS
disconnect 3-17
N
Navigation message 2-27
See also Almanac
See also Ephemeris, definition
NVRAM
almanac and ephemerides 2-28
update almanac 2-28
O
OAF 1-27
update almanac 2-28
Offsets
internal antenna 4-4
Operating times 1-19
Option authorization file
See OAF
P/N 7010-1004
P
PC-CDU 2-2, 2-11, 2-21
computer requirements 2-2
configuration 3-30–3-38, 3-40–
3-45
install 2-3
manage power 2-11–2-14
save settings 3-29
version requirements 2-2
Port D settings 2-22
Ports, GR-3 1-14
color of 1-14
Power 2-15, 2-18
battery depletion 1-19
on/off 2-20
operating times 1-19
status 2-14
with auxiliary battery 2-19
with charging cradle 2-18
Power management 2-11–2-14
Power supply 1-21, 2-7
charging batteries 2-10
Q
Quick disconnect adapter 1-24
R
Radio configuration 3-3
Radio Modem 3-3
Radio modem 3-3
configuring 3-5
REC LED
and FUNCTION button 1-13
blink pattern 1-11, 1-13
Receiver
configuration 3-19
Receiver board firmware 5-20
Receiver modes 5-18
See also EIM
See also Normal Mode
extended 5-18–5-19
sleep mode 5-19
Recording interval 3-41
Index
Index
Rover 4-3
configuration 3-20–3-28, 3-30–
3-38
definition, RTK 3-19, 3-29
definition, static 3-19, 3-29
kinematic setup 4-12
RTK survey, LQ field 4-13
setup 4-3
Rover receiver, definition 3-1
RS232 connection parameters 3-31
RTK
recommended mode setting 3-35
RTK survey, definition 3-19, 3-29
RX TX LED and red flashes 6-8, 6-9
S
SD card 1-17, 2-4
install 1-17, 2-5
Serial number 3-33
Set baud rate
115200 2-22, 3-31
SIM card 1-17, 2-4
install 1-17, 2-6
requirements 2-6
Sleep mode 5-19
Software 2-2
PC-CDU 2-2, 3-30–3-38, 3-40–
T
Test 5-18, B-3
EIM 5-18–5-19
Tribrach 1-23
Tribrach, precision 1-23, 4-2
TRU 3-3
configuration 3-20
disconnect 3-8, 3-13, 3-18
save settings 3-19
U
UHF modem 1-9
antenna 1-22
UHF Satel modem
specifications A-12
Unable to connect 2-22
USB connection parameters 3-31
USB driver 2-21, 3-29
W
Warnings B-1
battery pack B-2
general B-1
usage B-3
3-45
TRU 3-20
SS modem antenna 1-22
STAT LED 1-10, 5-18
blink pattern 1-10, 5-18–5-19
EIM 5-18
green 1-10
orange 1-10
red 1-10
Static survey 4-11
Static survey, definition 3-19, 3-29
Stop and Go survey 4-12
configuration 4-12
definition 4-12
Surveying
static 4-11
stop and go 4-12
Index
GR-5 Operator’s Manual
'2/PERATORlS-ANUAL
0.2EV!
4OPCON0OSITIONING3YSTEMS)NC
!LLRIGHTSRESERVED.OUNAUTHORIZEDDUPLICATION
">