Western Digital Scorpio WD5000BPVT Technical Reference Manual

WD Scorpio

®

Blue ML320S-AF2

SATA Hard Drives

WD3200BPVT

WD2500BPVT

WD CONFIDENTIAL

© 2011 Western Digital Technologies, Inc.

All Rights Reserved

Information furnished by WD is believed to be accurate and reliable. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of WD. WD reserves the right to change specifications at any time without notice.

Western Digital, WD, the WD logo, and WD Scorpio are registered trademarks in the U.S. and other countries; and Data Lifeguard, CacheFlow, and FIT Lab are trademarks of Western Digital Technologies, Inc.

Other marks may be mentioned herein that belong to other companies.

Western Digital

3355 Michelson Drive, Suite 100

Irvine, California 92612

U.S.A.

2679-771320-A00

Document Control Number Definition:

2679-001xxx0xx-Px

Doc Control No.

Doc Revision Level

(WD Caviar Drives)

Oxx = Released Version

Px = Review Cycle

NRD

Non-Released

Document

WD CONFIDENTIAL

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

WD3200BPVT

WD2500BPVT

Technical Reference Manual

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL)

RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

Table of Contents

T

ABLE OF

C

ONTENTS

1. D

ESCRIPTION AND

F

EATURES

................................................................................................. 1

1.1

General Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2

Product Features ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1

2. S

PECIFICATIONS

....................................................................................................................... 3

2.1

Performance Specifications ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

2.2

Physical Specifications.................................................................................................................................................................. 4

2.2.1

Physical Dimensions ...................................................................................................................................................... 5

2.3

Mechanical Specifications............................................................................................................................................................ 6

2.4

Electrical Specifications................................................................................................................................................................ 7

2.4.1

Current Requirements and Power Dissipation ........................................................................................................ 7

2.4.2

Input Voltage Requirements ......................................................................................................................................... 8

2.4.3

Ripple................................................................................................................................................................................. 8

2.4.4

ESD.................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

2.5

Environmental Specifications....................................................................................................................................................... 8

2.5.1

Shock and Vibration ....................................................................................................................................................... 9

2.5.2

Temperature and Humidity .........................................................................................................................................10

2.5.3

Thermocouple Location...............................................................................................................................................10

2.5.4

Cooling ............................................................................................................................................................................11

2.5.5

Atmospheric Pressure .................................................................................................................................................11

2.5.6

Acoustics ........................................................................................................................................................................11

2.5.7

RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) ......................................................................................................11

2.6

Reliability Specifications .............................................................................................................................................................11

2.7

Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions ...................................................................................................................................12

2.8

Agency Approvals.........................................................................................................................................................................13

2.9

Full Model Number Specification..............................................................................................................................................13

3. P

RODUCT

F

EATURES

.............................................................................................................. 14

3.1

SATA 3 Gb/s and SATA 1.5 Gb/s ..........................................................................................................................................15

3.2

Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR).............................................................................................................................15

3.3

Reduced Power Spinup (RPS) .................................................................................................................................................16

3.4

System-on-Chip (SOC)..............................................................................................................................................................16

3.5

S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)...................................................................................................................................17

3.5.1

Write Same ....................................................................................................................................................................17

3.5.2

Read/Write Long ..........................................................................................................................................................17

3.5.3

Temperature Reporting................................................................................................................................................17

3.6

Reliability Features Set................................................................................................................................................................18

3.6.1

Data Lifeguard™ ............................................................................................................................................................18

3.6.2

Thermal Management ..................................................................................................................................................18

3.6.3

Internal Environmental Protection System ..............................................................................................................19

3.6.4

Recoverable Errors .......................................................................................................................................................19

3.6.5

Unrecoverable Errors ...................................................................................................................................................19

3.6.6

Self Test ..........................................................................................................................................................................19

3.6.7

ATA Error Logging........................................................................................................................................................19

3.6.8

Defect Management.....................................................................................................................................................19

3.6.9

Automatic Defect Retirement.....................................................................................................................................20

3.6.10 Error Recovery Process...............................................................................................................................................20

3.7

Hot Plug Support..........................................................................................................................................................................20

3.7.1

Hot Plug Technical Issues ..........................................................................................................................................21

3.8

Active LED Status ........................................................................................................................................................................23

3.9

Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB) ..................................................................................................................................................24

3.10 Staggered Spinup and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11) .....................................................................................24

3.10.1 Staggered Spinup ........................................................................................................................................................24

3.10.2 Activity Indication ..........................................................................................................................................................24

3.11 CacheFlow™ ..................................................................................................................................................................................24

3.11.1 Write Cache...................................................................................................................................................................24

3.11.2 Read Cache ...................................................................................................................................................................25

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i

Table of Contents

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

3.11.3 48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA) ..................................................................................................................25

3.12 Power Management .....................................................................................................................................................................25

3.13 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)..................................................................................25

3.14 Security Mode ...............................................................................................................................................................................26

3.14.1 Master and User Passwords ......................................................................................................................................26

3.14.2 Security Levels ..............................................................................................................................................................26

4. AT C

OMMAND

S

ET

................................................................................................................ 27

4.1

Host Interface Commands .........................................................................................................................................................26

4.1.1

ATA-7/ATA-8 Commands ..........................................................................................................................................26

4.1.2

SATA 2.5 Commands..................................................................................................................................................27

4.1.3

Obsolete Commands...................................................................................................................................................27

4.1.4

SCT Commands ...........................................................................................................................................................28

4.2

S.M.A.R.T. (B0h) ...........................................................................................................................................................................28

4.2.1

Read Attribute Values Sub-Command ....................................................................................................................28

4.2.2

Supported Attributes ...................................................................................................................................................30

4.2.3

Read Log Sector...........................................................................................................................................................31

4.2.4

Offline Data Collection ................................................................................................................................................31

4.3

Identify Device (ECh)...................................................................................................................................................................32

4.4

Set Features (EFh) ......................................................................................................................................................................38

5. I

NSTALLATION AND

S

ETUP

P

ROCEDURES

............................................................................. 39

5.1

Unpacking ......................................................................................................................................................................................39

5.1.1

Handling Precautions...................................................................................................................................................39

5.1.2

Inspection of Shipping Container .............................................................................................................................39

5.1.3

Removal From Shipping Container...........................................................................................................................39

5.1.4

Removal From Static Shielding Bag.........................................................................................................................40

5.1.5

Moving Precautions......................................................................................................................................................40

5.2

Mounting Restrictions..................................................................................................................................................................40

5.2.1

Orientation......................................................................................................................................................................40

5.2.2

Screw Size Limitations ................................................................................................................................................40

5.2.3

Grounding.......................................................................................................................................................................41

5.3

Jumper Settings ............................................................................................................................................................................42

6. M

AINTENANCE

........................................................................................................................ 43

7. T

ECHNICAL

S

UPPORT

............................................................................................................. 44

7.1

WD Online Services ....................................................................................................................................................................44

8. G

LOSSARY

.............................................................................................................................. 45

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

List of Figures

L

IST OF

F

IGURES

Figure 2-1 Mounting Dimensions ...........................................................................................................................................6

Figure 2-2 Typical +5V Current Draw During Spinup .....................................................................................................7

Figure 2-3 Drive Base Casting Thermocouple Location ..................................................................................................9

Figure 2-4 Forced Airflow Direction ................................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 2-5 Standard Factory Connectors ......................................................................................................................... 11

Figure 3-1 RPS Spinup Profile ............................................................................................................................................ 15

Figure 5-1 Drive Handling Precautions.............................................................................................................................. 39

Figure 5-2 Hard Drive Removal From Static Shielding Bag ......................................................................................... 40

Figure 5-3 Grounding Diagram ........................................................................................................................................... 41

Figure 5-4 Jumper Settings for WD Scorpio SATA Hard Drives ................................................................................ 42

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL)

iii

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

List of Tables

L

IST OF

T

ABLES

Table 2-1 Shock and Vibration ...............................................................................................................................................8

Table 2-2 Device Pin Connector Pin Definitions ............................................................................................................. 11

Table 2-3 Full Model Number Description ........................................................................................................................ 12

Table 4-1 ATA-7/ATA-8 Command Opcodes................................................................................................................. 26

Table 4-2 SATA 2.5 Command Opcodes ........................................................................................................................ 27

Table 4-3 Obsolete Command Opcodes ......................................................................................................................... 27

Table 4-4 SCT Action Codes .............................................................................................................................................. 28

Table 4-5 Definitions for the 512 Bytes. ........................................................................................................................... 28

Table 4-6 Defined Error Logging Sectors......................................................................................................................... 31

Table 4-7 Identify Device Command.................................................................................................................................. 32

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iv

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Description and Features

1.0

D

ESCRIPTION AND

F

EATURES

1.1

General Description

WD Scorpio 2.5-inch drives offer fast performance and low power consumption, making them ideal for notebooks and other portable devices.

1.2

Product Features

„

Serial ATA (SATA)

— Serial ATA (SATA) is the next generation bus interface for

2.5-inch hard drives. It is designed to replace Parallel ATA, and has many advantages including increased transfer rate, improved signal integrity, enhanced data protection, and hot plug support.

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Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR)

— With PMR technology the magnetization of each data bit is aligned vertically to the spinning disk, rather than longitudinally as has been the case in hard drive technology for decades. This enables more data on a given disk than is possible with conventional longitudinal recording, and provides a platform for future expansion of hard drive densities.

Reduced Power Spinup (RPS)

— WD’s optimized start up feature specifically designed for the external hard drive and Consumer Electronics (CE) market. Specific focus for RPS is to minimize the duration and magnitude of the peak power consumption from the hard drive.

System-on-Chip

- The System-on-Chip (SOC) is the foundation for WD's next generation electronics and firmware architecture. The native SATA SOC lowers component count by integrating a hard disk controller, high performance processor, high speed execution SRAM, and read channel in a 128-pin package.

S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)

— The SCT Command Transport feature set provides a method for a host to send commands and data to a device and for a device to send data and status to a host using log pages.

Reliability Features Set-Data Lifeguard

™ — Representing WD's ongoing commitment to data protection, Data Lifeguard includes features that enhance the drive’s ability to prevent data loss. Data Lifeguard data protection utilities include thermal management, an environmental protection system, and embedded error detection and repair features that automatically detect, isolate, and repair problem areas that may develop over the extended use of the hard drive. With these enhanced data reliability features, the drive can perform more accurate monitoring, error repair, and deliver exceptional data security.

Hot Plug Support

— SATA supports hot plugging (also known as “hot swapping”), the ability to swap out a failed hard drive without having to power down the system or reboot. This capability contributes to both data availability and serviceability without any associated downtime, making it a critical feature for extending SATA into enterprise applications.

Active LED Status

— These drives support external LED requirements. It provides an activity

LED output which is ON during command execution and OFF otherwise.

Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)

— Bearing design that incorporates a layer of high-viscosity lubricant instead of ball bearings in the hard drive spindle motor. As an alternative to conventional ball bearing technology, FDB designs provide increased non-operational shock resistance, speed control, and improved acoustics.

Staggered Spin-Up

— Native SATA feature that allows the system to control whether the drive will spin up immediately or wait until the interface is fully ready.

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 1

Description and Features WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

„

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CacheFlow™ —WD’s unique, multi-generation caching algorithm evaluates the way data

is read from and written to the drive and adapts “on-the-fly” to the optimum read and write caching methods. CacheFlow minimizes disk seek operations and overheads due to rotational latency. CacheFlow supports sequential and random write cache. With write cache and other CacheFlow features, the user can cache both read and write data. The cache can hold multiple writes and collectively write them to the hard drive.

48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA)

— WD SATA drives support both 48-bit and 28bit LBA and CHS-based addressing. LBA is included in advanced BIOS and operating system device drivers and ensures high capacity disk integration.

Power Management

— WD SATA drives support the ATA and Serial ATA power management command set, allowing the host to reduce the power consumption of the drive by issuing a variety of power management commands.

Automatic Defect Retirement

— If the WD SATA drive detects a defective sector while reading, writing, or performing offline data collection, it automatically relocates the sector without end-user intervention.

Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

— S.M.A.R.T. enables a drive’s internal status to be monitored through diagnostic commands at the host level and during offline activities. S.M.A.R.T. devices employ data analysis algorithms that are used to predict the likelihood of some near-term degradation or fault conditions. When used with a

S.M.A.R.T. application, the drive can alert the host system of a negative reliability status condition. The host system can then warn the user of the impending risk of data loss and recommend an appropriate action.

ATA Security

— WD SATA drives support the ATA Security Mode Feature set. The ATA

Security Mode feature set allows the user to create a device lock password that prevents unauthorized hard disk access even if the drive is removed from the host computer. The correct password must be supplied to the hard drive in order to access user data. Both the User and

Master Password features are supported, along with the High and Maximum security modes. The

Master Password Revision code is also supported.

Advanced Format Technology

— Technology being adopted by WD and other drive manufacturers to increase media format efficiencies, thus enabling larger drive capacities.

2 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Specifications

2.0

S

PECIFICATIONS

2.1

Performance Specifications

Average Seek

1

- Read

- Write

Track-to-Track Seek

1

Full Stroke Seek

Index Pulse Period

Average Latency

Rotational Speed

Data Transfer Rate (maximum)

2

- Buffer to Host

12.0 ms average

15.0 ms average

1.5 ms average

24 ms average

11.1 ms (nominal)

5.5 ms

5400 RPM

3.0 Gb/s maximum

- Max buffer to disk

Buffer Size

Error Rate - Unrecoverable

Spindle Start Time

- From Power-on to Drive Ready

3

- From Power-on to Rotational Speed

Spindle Stop Time

4

116 MB/s maximum

8 MB

<1 in 10

14 bits read

4.0s average

2.0s average

8s average

Load/Unload Cycles

5

600,000

1

During continuous Seek, Read, or Write commands, an algorithm in the code will add latency as required to keep the VCM motor from overheating;s seek performance will be impacted under this condition.

2

As used for storage capacity, one megabyte (MB) = one million bytes, one gigabyte (GB) = one billion bytes, and one terabyte (TB) = one trillion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment. As used for buffer or cache, one megabyte (MB) = 1,048,576 bytes. As used for transfer rate or interface, megabyte per second (MB/s) = one million bytes per second, and gigabit per second (Gb/s) = one billion bits per second.

Effective maximum SATA 3 Gb/s transfer rate calculated according to the Serial ATA specification published by the SATA-IO organization as of the date of this specification sheet. Visit www.sata-io.org for details.

3

Defined as the time from power-on to the setting of Drive Ready and Seek Complete including calibration.

4

Defined as the time from power-on to when the full spindle rotational speed is reached.

5

Controlled unload at ambient condition.

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 3

Specifications WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

2.2

Physical Specifications

Physical

Specifications

WD2500BPVT WD3200BPVT

Capacity

1

Interface (BEVT)

Actuator Type

250,059 MB

SATA 3.0 Gb/s

Rotary Voice

Coil

320,072 MB

SATA 3.0 Gb/s

Rotary Voice

Coil

Number of Disks

Data Surfaces

Number of Heads

Physical bytes per Sector

Host bytes per Sector

User Sectors per Drive

1

2

2

4096

512

488,397,168

1

2

2

4096

512

625,142,448

Servo Type

Recording Method

Embedded

Partial DC

Target

Embedded

Partial DC

Target

ECC Reed-Solomon Reed-Solomon

1

As used for storage capacity, one megabyte (MB) = one million bytes, one gigabyte (GB) = one billion bytes, and one terabyte (TB) = one trillion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment. As used for buffer or cache, one megabyte

(MB) = 1,048,576 bytes. As used for transfer rate or interface, megabyte per second (MB/s)

= one million bytes per second, and gigabit per second (Gb/s) = one billion bits per second.

Effective maximum SATA 3 Gb/s transfer rate calculated according to the Serial ATA specification published by the SATA-IO organization as of the date of this specification sheet.

Visit www.sata-io.org for details.

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

2.2.1

Physical Dimensions

Height

Length

Width

Weight (typical)

Dimension

0.374 inches

3.94 inches

2.75 inches

0.22 pounds

English

Tolerance

±0.01 inch

±0.01 inch

±0.01 inch

—

Specifications

Dimension

9.50 mm

100.20 mm

69.85 mm

98 gm

Metric

Tolerance

±0.20 mm

±0.25 mm

±0.25 mm

—

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 5

Specifications WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

2.3

Mechanical Specifications

Figure 2-1 shows the mounting dimensions and locations of the screw holes for the drive.

Figure 2-1. Mounting Dimensions

4X M3 THREAD 2.5mm FULL THREAD DEPTH MIN

6 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Specifications

2.4

Electrical Specifications

2.4.1

Current Requirements and Power Dissipation

Operating Mode

Spinup (max)

Read/Write (average)

Seek (average)

Current

1

5 VDC

950 mA

320 mA

320 mA

Power

1

4.75W

1.6W

1.6W

Operating Mode

POWER MANAGEMENT COMMANDS

Current

1

5 VDC

Idle (E1H)(average) 130 mA

Standby (E0H)(average) 40 mA

Sleep (E6H)(average) 40 mA

1

All values are typical (25°C and 5V input) except where specified as maximum.

Figure 2-2. Typical +5V Current Draw During Spinup

Power

1

0.65W

0.2W

0.2W

Note: Current is 200 mA per 10 mV vertical deflection.

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 7

Specifications WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

2.4.2

Input Voltage Requirements

The input voltage requirement for these drives is +5.0V ± 5%.

2.4.3

Ripple

Maximum

Frequency

+5 VDC

100 mV (peak-to-peak)

10 KHz - 30 MHz

2.4.4

ESD

The ESD specification compliance is determined at room ambient conditions with nominal power supply settings, unless otherwise specified.

Op-System Level Minimum

Direct Contact Discharges

Direct air discharges

8KV

15KV

Indirect contact discharges (VCP&HCP) 8KV

Indirect air discharges (VCP&HCP) 15KV

Non-Op Drive Level

Direct contact discharges

Direct air discharges

8KV

15KV

2.5

Environmental Specifications

2.5.1

Shock and Vibration

Table 2-1. Shock and Vibration

Shock

Operating (2 ms)

Non-operating (2 ms)

350G

1000G

Note: Half-sine wave, measured without shock isolation and without non-recoverable errors.

Vibration

Operating

Non-operating

Drive Generated Vibration

0.00459 g2/Hz (10-500 Hz)

0.06984 g2/Hz (10-500 Hz)

Operating (average) 0.12 gm-mm

Rotational Shock Non-Operating

Amplitude

Duration

50K rad/sec

2

2 ms

Operating Vibration

Drives are tested by applying a random or swept sinusoidal excitation in each linear axis, one axis at a time. The drive incurs no physical damage and no hard errors while operating and subjected to

continuous vibration not exceeding the level listed in Table 2-1. Operating performance may degrade

during periods of exposure to continuous vibration.

Non-Operating Vibration

Note

: This specification applies to handling and transportation of unmounted drives.

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Specifications

Drives are tested by applying a random or swept sinusoidal excitation in each linear axis, one axis at a time. The drive incurs no physical damage when subjected to continuous vibration not exceeding the

level listed in Table 2-1.

Drive Generated Vibration

Drives are tested by supporting a single drive horizontally in a free-free state and measuring the side-to-

side vibration. Self vibration may not exceed the level listed in Table 2-1.

Rotational Shock Non-Operating

Drives are tested by applying a rotational force centered around the actuator pivot. The drive incurs no

physical damage when subjected to the rotational force specified in Table 2-1.

Packaged Shock and Vibration

The shipping packaging is designed to meet the National/International Safe Transit Association (N/

ISTA) standards for packaged products. The drive incurs no physical damage when subjected to the N/

ISTA standards.

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 9

Specifications WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

2.5.2

Temperature and Humidity

Temperature & Humidity

Operating ambient temperature

1

Max base casting temperature

Humidity

Thermal Gradient

Humidity Gradient

2

0°C to 60°C (32°F to 140°F)

60°C (140°F)

8-90% RH non-condensing

29.4°C (maximum wet bulb)

20°C/hour (maximum)

20%/hour (maximum)

Non-operating Temperature

Humidity

-40°C to 65°C (-40°F to 149°F)

5-95% RH non-condensing

40°C (maximum wet bulb)

30°C/hour (maximum) Thermal Gradient

Humidity Gradient 20%/hour (maximum)

1

The system environment must allow sufficient air flow to limit maximum surface temperatures as defined.

2

See Figure 2-3.

2.5.3

Thermocouple Location

Component

Drive base casting

Figure 2-3. Drive Base Casting Thermocouple Location

Location

#1, Figure 2-3

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Specifications

2.5.4

Cooling

If forced air cooling is required, the drive must be positioned to receive airflow from one or more fans

as indicated in Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4. Forced Airflow Direction

2.5.5

Atmospheric Pressure

Altitude

Operating

Non-operating

-1,000 feet to 10,000 feet (-305m to 3,048m)

-1,000 feet to 40,000 feet (-305m to 12,192m)

2.5.6

Acoustics

TYPICAL SOUND POWER LEVEL

1

Idle (average dBA)

2

Seek (average dBA)

3

1

Measured per ECMA-74/ISO 7779.

2

No audible pure tones.

3

Random seek at a rate of 26 seeks per second.

22

25

2.5.7

RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances)

WD complies with the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive 2002/95/EC of the

European Parliament, which is effective in the EU beginning July 1, 2006. RoHS aims to protect human health and the environment by restricting the use of certain hazardous substances in new equipment, and consists of restrictions on lead, mercury, cadmium, and other substances.

The reliability, performance, and specifications of WD products are unchanged from previously manufactured WD products, remaining among the highest in the industry.

2.6

Reliability Specifications

Component Design Life

AFR

Duty Cycle

Power on Hours (POH)

1

Ambient temperature 35°C, HDD temperature 40°C.

5 years

<0.5%

1

40%

3120

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 11

Specifications WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

2.7

Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions

The drive interfaces with the host I/O bus via the SATA interface connection, and receives power from

the SATA power connection, illustrated in Figure 2-5 below. Table 2-2 identifies the pin definitions of

the SATA connectors and the corresponding signal names and signal functions.

Figure 2-5. Standard Factory Connectors

Table 2-2. Device Pin Connector Pin Definitions

P7

P8

P9

P10

P11

P12

P13

P14

P1

P2

P3

P4

P5

P6

P15

S5

S6

S7

S1

S2

S3

S4

Gnd

V

12

V

12

V

12

Gnd

A+

A-

Gnd

V

33

V

33

V

33

Gnd

B-

B+

2nd mate

Differential signal pair B from Phy

Gnd 2nd mate

Key and spacing separate signal and power segments

3.3 V power, NOT CONNECTED

Gnd

Gnd

2nd mate

Differential signal pair A from Phy

3.3 V power, NOT CONNECTED

3.3 V power, pre-charge, 2nd mate, NOT CONNECTED

1st mate, GROUND

2nd mate, GROUND

2nd mate, GROUND

5V power, Precharge, 2nd mate V

5

V

5

5V power

2nd mate, 5V power V

5

Gnd

ACT-

2nd mate, GROUND

Activity LED- (O.C.)/Staggered Spin-up Disable Control

1st mate, GROUND

12 V power, pre-charge, 2nd mate, NOT CONNECTED

12 V power, NOT CONNECTED

12 V power, NOT CONNECTED

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Specifications

2.8

Agency Approvals

ML320S-AF2 Regulatory Number (R/N):

771692

These drives meet the standards of the following regulatory agencies:

„

Federal Communication Commission:

Verified to comply with FCC Rules for Radiated and Conducted Emission, Part 15, Subpart B, for Class B Equipment.

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Underwriters Laboratories:

Bi-National UL Standard CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 60950/UL

60950-1. Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment, including Electrical

Business Equipment (File E101559).

TUV NORD CERT GmbH

: IEC-950 (EN60950) Standard for Safety of Information

Technology Equipment, including Electrical Business Equipment. EN60065. Standard of Safety for Audio, Video, and Similar Electronic Apparatus.

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CE Compliance for Europe

: Verified to comply with EN55022:2006 for RF Emissions and

EN55024:1998, A1:2001 + A2:2003, EN61000-3-2:2000, EN61000-3-3:1995 + A1:2001 for

Generic Immunity as applicable.

C-Tick Compliance for Australia

: Verified to comply with AS/NZ3548 for RF Emissions as required by the Australian Communications Authority.

Korean RRA Mark

: Registered as a Class-B product with the South Korean Ministry of

Information and Communication.

Taiwan BSMI EMI Certification

: Certified as a Class-B product with the Bureau of

Standards Metrology and Inspection (BSMI).

2.9

Full Model Number Specification

Table 2-3 below provides a summary specification of the model number suffix for this product

platform.

Table 2-3. Full Model Number Description

Model Number Format ID Product Brand RPM

WDxxxxBPVT-XXJJ5TX JJ5 WD Scorpio Blue 5400

Description

ML320S-AF2 8 MB SATA 3.0 Gb/s Halogen free

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Product Features

3.0

P

RODUCT

F

EATURES

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SATA 3.0 Gb/s

Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR)

Reduced Power Spinup (RPS)

System-on-Chip (SOC)

S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)

Reliability Features Set—Data Lifeguard™

Hot Plug Support

Active LED Status

Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)

Staggered Spin-Up and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11)

CacheFlow™

48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA)

Power Management

Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

Security Mode

Advanced Format Technology

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Product Features

3.1

SATA 3 Gb/s

SATA 3 Gb/s is the next generation interface for SATA hard drives. It adds to the functionality of the

SATA I interface with the following features:

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Improved Power Management

— provides improved power management features including

Host Initiated SATA Power Management (HIPM) and Device Initiated SATA Power

Management (DIPM).

Staggered Spin-up

— allows the system to control whether the drive will spin up immediately or wait until the interface is fully ready before spinning up.

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Asynchronous Signal Recovery (ASR)

— robustness feature that improves signal recovery.

Enclosure Services

— defines external enclosure management and support features.

Backplane Interconnect

— defines how to lay out signal line traces in a backplane.

Auto-activate DMA

— provides increased command efficiency through automated activation of the DMA controller.

Device Configuration Overlay (DCO)

— allows hiding of supported features via a SATA feature mask.

3.2

Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR)

In perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR), the magnetization of each data bit is aligned vertically to the spinning disk, rather than longitudinally as has been the case in hard drive technology for decades.

In longitudinal recording, as the bits become smaller and closer together, they experience an increasing demagnetizing field, much like two bar magnets that are placed end-to-end repel one another. A property of the media called coercivity must be increased to counteract the demagnetization to keep the bits stable under thermal fluctuations; otherwise data corruption may occur over time. Higher media coercivity has pushed the recording head write field to the limit of known materials.

In perpendicular recording, the adjacent bits attract instead of repel (as with bar magnets placed side by side,) creating more thermally stable bits. In addition, the media contains a magnetically soft underlayer (SUL) beneath the recording layer. This SUL allows a larger effective write field, thus higher coercivity media, enabling further increases in density. Lastly, because of the vertical orientation of the bits, the PMR recording layer tends to be thicker than that used for longitudinal recording, providing increased signal for the read heads. All of these benefits enable WD engineers to reliably pack more data on a given disk than is possible with conventional longitudinal recording.

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Product Features WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

3.3

Reduced Power Spinup (RPS)

Applications for 2.5-inch hard drives like the WD Scorpio include USB external hard drives, notebook systems, and Consumer Electronics (CE). Due to the fact that many of these applications are portable in nature, an option for limiting startup current levels and increasing spinup speed is necessary.

To address this requirement, WD has developed Reduced Power Spinup (RPS) mode.

RPS-enabled drives use minimal power consumption during spin up, allowing a greater range of compatibility with various systems and cables in the marketplace.

RPS mode is set via jumper. See figure 5-4 more information.

Figure 3-1. RPS Spinup Profile

mA mA mA mA mA

Seconds

Note: Current is 200 mA per 10 mV vertical deflection.

3.4

System-on-Chip (SOC)

The System-on-Chip (SOC) is the foundation for WD's next generation electronics and firmware architecture. The native SATA SOC lowers component count by integrating a hard disk controller, high performance processor, high speed execution SRAM, and read channel in a 128-pin package. The processor has a 5-stage pipeline which can execute instructions in a single cycle and a DSP engine for enhanced operations. The SOC has on-chip tightly coupled memory for high speed code and data execution that maximizes the processing bandwidth for timing critical operations. It has a high performance disk controller that incorporates maximum flexibility, modularity, performance, and low power consumption. The read/write channel has advanced detection capabilities for high-density drives.

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3.5

S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)

The SCT Command Transport feature set provides a method for a host to send commands and data to a device and for a device to send data and status to a host using log pages. Standard ATA commands may be interspersed with SCT commands, but SCT commands cannot be nested. SCT commands that do not require a subsequent data transfer operation are not interspersed with any ATA commands or each other.

The SCT Command Transport feature set provides a method for a host to send commands and data to a device and for a device to send data and status to a host using log pages. This capabilitility is used to pass commands through a driver interface or a bridge where new or unknown commands may be filtered and not passed to the drive. SCT is also used for issuing commands that require more than 8 parameter bytes. ATA8-ACS provides detailed information on the usage and capabilities of SCT. The

SCT feature set includes the following commands:

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Write Same

Read/Write Long

Temperature Reporting

3.5.1

Write Same

The Write Same command allows the host to erase the media, or write a pattern repeatedly across the media, with a minimum of data transfer from the host. The host can clear the entire media to zeros or a specific pattern by sending this command with the pattern as a parameter—no data transfer is necessary. Write Same can write the entire media, or just a portion of the media. The host can monitor the progress of the Write Same by issuing SCT Status requests. This frees the host system to do other tasks while the media is being cleared.

3.5.2

Read/Write Long

The function performed by the Long Sector Access command is based on the obsolete ATA READ

LONG/WRITE LONG capability, and has been extended beyond 28-bit addressing. The Long Sector data format for both reads and writes is two blocks long (i.e., each block is 512 bytes long). The first block contains the user data. The second data block contains the error correction and detection bytes.

The remainder of the second block should contain zeros. Once the SCT command has been issued and the status response indicates that the device is ready to transfer data, log page E1h should be read or written to transfer the data. Long Sector Access commands cause a forced unit access to occur.

3.5.3

Temperature Reporting

The SCT Temperature Reporting (SCT TR) feature allows a host system to access temperature information in the drive. This information can been used to control fans or adjust the usage of various system components to keep the drive within its normal operating temperature. Applications include

Enterprise, Laptop, Desktop and Consumer Electronics. SCT TR reports the maximum and minimum sustained operating limits, warning level limits, and drive damage limits. In addition to reporting the limits, SCT TR returns the current drive temperature (a temperature history which the host can use to predict heating or cooling trends) and the maximum temperature acheived during the lifetime of the drive as well as the highest temperature achieved since the power was applied to the drive. Detailed information on this capability can be found in ATA8-ACS.

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Product Features WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

3.6

Reliability Features Set

3.6.1

Data Lifeguard™

1

Representing WD's ongoing commitment to data protection, Data Lifeguard includes features that enhance the drive’s ability to prevent data loss. Data Lifeguard data protection utilities include thermal management, an environmental protection system, and embedded error detection and repair features that automatically detect, isolate, and repair problem areas that may develop over the extended use of the hard drive. With these enhanced data reliability features, the drive can perform more accurate monitoring, error repair, and deliver exceptional data security.

This self-tuning feature is performed during offline data collection scan. All user sectors on the hard drive are scanned during times of no activity from the host. Any sector determined to be written poorly

(e.g., off-track), or that is difficult to recover (e.g., because of a developing media defect or thermal asperity), is marked for repair. Data Lifeguard actively guards your data, even if S.M.A.R.T. operations are disabled.

All WD drives are defect-free and low-level formatted at the factory. After prolonged use, any drive, including a WD drive, may develop defects. If you continue receiving data errors in any given file, use the Data Lifeguard Diagnostics utility to recover, relocate and rewrite the user data to the nearest spare sector and maintain a secondary defect list.

CAUTION:

As with all format utilities, some options in the Data Lifeguard Diagnostics utility will overwrite user data.

Download the latest versions of the Data Lifeguard Diagnostic and Data Lifeguard Tools programs at

support.wdc.com.

3.6.2

Thermal Management

The drive is designed with Thermal Management features for high reliability.

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State-of-the-art mechanical design

—Mechanical design is optimized to reduce the drive’s temperature. State-of-the-art thermal dissipation and windage design is employed.

Closed loop servo management

—Thermal management monitors the drive temperature and can control servo operations to maintain a stable operating temperature under high temperature conditions. This is a closed loop servo and thermal control system.

S.M.A.R.T. HDA Temperature Attribute

—The S.M.A.R.T. HDA Temperature Attribute is supported.

Ducted airflow

—Provides protection to the Read/Write element from heated air.

18

1. Default shipping configuration has Data Lifeguard feature disabled for power management optimization.

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Product Features

3.6.3

Internal Environmental Protection System

This system protects the inside environment of the drive from contamination. System features include:

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Filtration System to ensure fast clean-up times

Directed airflow to maximize mechanical cooling

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Increase casting surface area to maximize cooling

Ducted air flow to protect read/write elements from heated air

Breather filter located at low pressure area

Enhanced heat dissipation

3.6.4

Recoverable Errors

A sector marked for repair is written back to the same location. The sector is then read several times to be sure that it was written correctly and that there is no media damage at its location (sector test). If the sector does not easily and consistently read correctly, the sector is then relocated with original data.

3.6.5

Unrecoverable Errors

If an unrecoverable error is found during the offline scan, the sector is marked. Future reads from this location will continue to perform full error recovery. However, the next write to this location will perform a sector test to be sure the media is not damaged, and the sector relocated if the sector test fails.

3.6.6

Self Test

Self Test is a quick way to determine the operation status of a drive. The following Self Tests are supported:

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Quick Test: Completes in less than two minutes.

Extended Test: Tests all the critical subsystems of the drive.

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Conveyance Test: Quickly identifies issues caused by handling damage.

Selective Test: Scans host-defined sections of the drive.

The test may be run to completion or be performed as a background task as the drive processes other commands from the host. The host may then poll the drive for runtime status and test results. Since the test is embedded in the drive’s firmware, it is always available, requires no installation and can be faster and more effective than a software-based drive test.

3.6.7

ATA Error Logging

ATA Error Logging provides an industry standard means to record error events and supporting information that is then accessible by the host. The event record includes the exact command that caused the failure, the response of the drive, the time of the event and information about the four commands immediately prior to the errant command. Error Logging can reliably and quickly determine whether a system problem is the result of a hard drive failure or other component malfunction. Error Logging retains total error count for the life of the drive and complete records for the last five errors.

3.6.8

Defect Management

Every WD drive undergoes factory-level intelligent burn in, which thoroughly tests for and maps out defective sectors on the media before the drive leaves the manufacturing facility. Following the factory tests, a primary defect list is created. The list contains the cylinder, head, and sector numbers for all defects.

Defects managed at the factory are sector slipped. Grown defects that can occur in the field are mapped out by relocation to spare sectors on the inner cylinders of the drive.

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Product Features WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

3.6.9

Automatic Defect Retirement

The automatic defect retirement feature automatically maps out defective sectors while reading or writing. If a defective sector appears, the drive finds a spare sector.

The following item is specific to automatic defect retirement on writes (write auto-relocation):

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Data is always written to disk (using automatic defect retirement if required) and no error is reported.

The following item is specific to automatic defect retirement on reads (read auto-relocation):

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When host retries are enabled, the drive will internally flag any unrecoverable errors (DAMNF or

ECC). This flagging allows subsequent write commands to this location to relocate the sector only if the sector test fails.

3.6.10

Error Recovery Process

The drive has five means of error recovery:

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ECC On-the-Fly

Read/Write Retry Procedure

Extended Read Retry Procedure

ECC On-the-Fly – If an ECC error occurs, the drive attempts to correct it on-the-fly without retries.

Data can be corrected in this manner without performance penalty. The details of the correction algorithm appear in the next section.

Read/Write Retry Procedure – This retry procedure is used by all disk controller error types. If the procedure succeeds in reading or writing the sector being tried, then recovery is complete and the controller continues with the command. Each retry operation also checks for servo errors. The procedure ends when error recovery is achieved or when all possible retries have been attempted.

Extended Read Retry Procedure – This retry procedure tries combinations of positive/negative track offsets and data DAC manipulations to recover the data. This retry procedure applies only to read data recovery. The Read/Write Retry procedure performs the actual retry operation.

When an extended retry operation is successful, the controller continues with the command. The controller clears any changes in track offset or data DAC settings before the command continues.

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Product Features

3.7

Hot Plug Support

SATA supports hot plugging (also known as “hot swapping”), the ability to swap out a failed hard drive without having to power down the system or reboot. This capability contributes to both data availability and serviceability without any associated downtime, making it a critical feature for extending SATA into enterprise applications.

WD SATA drives support hot plugging only in systems where a SATA hard drive storage backplane is used.

The Serial ATA revision 2.5 specification requires staggered pins for both the hard drive and drive receptacles. Staggered pins mate the power signals in the appropriate sequences required for powering up the hot plugged device. These pins are also specified to handle in excess of the maximum allowed inrush current that occurs during drive insertion. SATA-compliant devices thus need no further modification to be hot pluggable and provide the necessary building blocks for a robust hot plug solution, which typically includes:

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Device detection even with power downed receptacles (typical of server applications).

Pre-charging resistors to passively limit inrush current during drive insertion.

Hot plug controllers to actively limit inrush current during drive insertion.

3.7.1

Hot Plug Technical Issues

Reliable hot plugging of disk drives requires careful design of specific issues. Generally, hot plugging is only allowed when blind mating with a backplane, where there are controlled tolerances for alignment of mating connectors. The main issue is preventing droop (a momentary drop in voltage) of the backplane's voltage busses during insertion because of inrush current to charging bypass capacitors in the disk drive.

3.7.1.1

Methods of Controlling Inrush Current

There are two methods of limiting inrush current when hot plugging disk drives. They are hot plug controller IC's and precharge resistors.

3.7.1.1.1 Hot Plug Controller IC's

Hot plug controller IC's ramp up voltages to the inserted disk drive at a controlled slow rate (a constant dv/dt), after full connector mating has been established. This eliminates almost all inrush current. This method does not require staggered precharge contacts, although there usually is a staggered ground

'mate first' pin(s) to ensure ground connection before making power and signal connections.

Sometimes added ground pins on both ends of the mating connector are staggered 'mate last' providing the hot plug controller a clear indication of all other pins making solid contact. From an engineering standpoint, this is the most reliable method of hot plugging disk drives, but is expensive to implement on backplanes.

3.7.1.1.2 Precharge Resistors

Current limiting series precharge resistors on designated power pins make contact before hard power connection is made, providing controlled partial charge of the disk drive's decoupling capacitors. This partial charge is due to IR drop across the precharge resistor caused by disk drive DC loads at partial power. A second current surge occurs when final power connections are made, completing charge of the decoupling capacitors. Use of precharge resistors requires three stages of contact sequencing on the mating connector. The first stage makes initial ground contact, establishing a ground reference between the disk drive and backplane. It also discharges any ESD voltage between the two devices. The second stage contacts connect the precharge resistors, supplying limited current to the inserting disk drive's voltage busses. This allows partial charging of decoupling capacitors on the disk drive. Stage three contacts make hard power and signals connections. The ideal value for precharge resistors is where peak inrush current for both the precharge resistor connections and final hard power connections are similar in amplitude. Even with precharge resistors, there may be some momentary droop of the backplane

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Product Features WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

voltage busses. This residual droop needs to be eliminated or at least reduced to a very small value because most power distribution budgets do not provide allowances for this droop. Low ESR bulk capacitors installed on the backplane voltage busses for each hot plug connector can minimize this droop. Organic dielectric aluminum electrolytic's like OSCON capacitors are a good choice.

3.7.1.2

Capacitor Inrush Current Issues

Tantalum decoupling capacitors can be damaged if inrush current is excessive. Inrush current issues with Tantalum capacitors are complex, but manufactures recommend, as a general rule, 1 ohm of resistance for every volt being switched or a maximum inrush current of 1 amp. See "Surge in solid

Tantalum Capacitors" by John Gill of AVX Corporation. This limits the lowest value of precharge resistance for each voltage bus used to a resistance in ohms equal to the bus voltage in volts.

3.7.1.3

Connector Inrush Current Issues

The SATA specification requires 1.5 amps current capacity for every power connector pin. This is well above the initial precharge resistor inrush current limit set by tantalum capacitor requirements. The second inrush current spike when hard power connection is made along with whatever DC current has been established at that time could exceed 1.5 amps but for too short a period of time (<1 ms) to have any affect on connector reliability.

3.7.1.4

Disk Drive Hot Plug Insertion Velocity

The delay between precharge resistor connections and final power connections must be sufficient to allow precharge resistor charging of the disk drives power busses to at least 90% of maximum value the precharge resistors are capable of. The following compares calculated maximum allowable insertion velocity with SATA specification insertion velocity analysis.

3.7.1.4.1 Calculated Velocity

The minimum SATA mating connector staggered pin spacing is 0.35 millimeters. Disk drives typically have around 20mF input capacitance on power busses. Assuming 20mF total decoupling capacitance and a 10-ohm series precharge resistor, the precharge time constant is 0.2 milliseconds. From this, the maximum total precharge time to 90% of full charge is around 2.2 ´ 0.2 milliseconds or 0.44 milliseconds. Therefore, the maximum insertion velocity allowed is .035 centimeters divided by 0.44 milliseconds giving a maximum insertion velocity of 80 centimeters per second.

3.7.1.4.2 SATA Insertion Velocity Analysis

The SATA specification has done tests with hot plug insertion speed. The fastest insertion velocities achieved produced a staggered contact delay of 3 milliseconds, well within the previous 0.44 millisecond calculated minimum staggered pin delay allowed. The SATA specification also states that the average effective input capacitance of most of the disk drives tested was 20 mF, the same value used in the previous calculations. The hot plug verification test procedure later in this document includes a test to verify this information.

3.7.1.5

SATA Disk Drive Hot Plug Design Issues

The SATA specification provides pins for series precharge resistors allowing use of this less expensive implementation. This does not exclude the backplane designer from using hot plug controller IC's for a more robust design. The only design requirements for the SATA disk drive its self are providing staggered precharge contacts on the hot plug connector per the SATA specification and ensuring that decoupling capacitors can tolerate a momentary inrush current of about 1 ampere.

3.7.1.5.1 Future Disk Drive Design Change Issues

Any increase in effective decoupling capacitance above 20 mF on any of the disk drive's voltage busses could affect the hot plug compatibility. Any significant change in power-up DC load at power up

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Product Features

could also be a problem with backward compatibility. Both these issues need new specification items in drive specifications to set limits for both the disk drive designers and designers of hot plug enclosures.

3.7.1.6

Hot Plug Removal Issues

Generally, removal of hot plug disk drives does not present any technical issues. Drives are usually in a low power state prior to removal. Decoupling capacitors in the disk drive will continue to provide power long enough to soften the sudden loss of current. Bulk capacitors in the power supply and backplane will absorb the drop in power long enough for the regulators to adjust.

3.7.1.7

ESD Issues

Prior to insertion, disk drives can have static charges of thousands of volts relative to the enclosure. This charge needs discharging during the insertion process. If insertion guides are ESD resistive, they will discharge the static charge prior to contact with the mating connector. If the guides are not conductive, then any static charge will discharge at first contact of the mating connector ground pins. This sudden discharge will normally not cause any problems because the static charge of the disk drive is common mode to all internal circuitry making internal differential current and voltages low during discharge.

Because of the unpredictable nature of ESD, use of ESD resistive (not metal) insertion guides is a safer solution since it gradually discharges any static charge. Having the disk drive enclosed in a canister also helps ensure proper discharge. It is the responsibility of the hot plug enclosure designer to handle ESD issues in a safe manner.

3.7.1.8

Drive Canisters

Hot pluggable disk drives can be enclosed in a canister for added protection. This added protection is both mechanical and electrical. The main electrical protection is from ESD. Canisters prevent any local discharge onto sensitive parts of the disk drive during handling and insertion. Canisters do increase the cost of the system.

3.8

Active LED Status

The drive supports external LED requirements. It provides an activity LED output which is ON during command execution and OFF otherwise.

The drive strength of this open Drain Drive Active signal is that it can sink 12mA to 0.4V Max. It is

5V tolerant, meaning that the external LED may be driven from +5V or +3.3V so long as the Host system provides a series resistor to limit the LED current to the lower of 12mA or the rated operating current of the LED. As an example with +5V and a 2 volt forward drop across a 10mA LED, a 300

Ohm 5% 1/16W resistor would be suitable. In the case of a 3.3V supply for the same LED, the resistor would be 130 Ohm 5% 1/16W.

The pin corresponding to P11 shall be used for Active LED (see “Device Pin Connector Pin

Definitions” on page 12).

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Product Features WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

3.9

Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)

Bearing design that incorporates a layer of high-viscosity lubricant instead of ball bearings in the hard drive spindle motor. As an alternative to conventional ball bearing technology, FDB designs provide increased non-operational shock resistance, speed control, and improved acoustics.

3.10

Staggered Spinup and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11)

SATA device power connector pin 11 (see “Standard Factory Connectors” on page 12) is defined as a

means by the host to DISABLE staggered spinup and it may also be used by the device to provide the host with an activity indication. According to the SATA II specs, "Staggered Spin-up Disable and

Activity Signal shall not be enabled at the same time."

3.10.1

Staggered Spinup

When multiple disks are installed in an enclosure, it is desirable to provide a simple mechanism by which a subsystem controller can sequence hard drive initialization to minimize the current load presented during power up. Staggered spinup provides this mechanism by preventing the hard drives from spinning up until after successful PHY initialization (i.e., after PHY enters DP7:DR_Ready state).

Staggered spinup is only applicable during initial power-up. If a drive is spun down using ATA commands—as a result of having been placed in Standby or Sleep power modes, for example—the drive shall spin up following the rules that govern spinup from low power modes described in ATA/

ATAPI-6 or later.

3.10.2

Activity Indication

The host controller through SATA power pin 11 may access storage device status and activity. The signal provided by the device for activity indication is a low-voltage low-current signal. It is not suitable for directly driving an LED. A buffer circuit external to the device must be employed to drive the LED.

The activity signal is based on an open-collector or open-drain active low driver. The device shall tolerate the activity signal being shorted to ground.

3.11

CacheFlow™

CacheFlow is WD’s unique, multi-generation disk caching system. It incorporates read cache with write cache.

WD designed CacheFlow to obtain maximum performance with today’s most popular operating systems and applications. CacheFlow increases performance over prior caching algorithms by increasing the number of times that requested data is in the cache. This reduces the number of host commands that require actual media access thereby improving overall drive performance.

Typical applications perform a variety of access patterns, such as random, sequential, and repetitive.

CacheFlow is designed to dynamically adapt to the changes in access patterns that occur during the course of application execution.

Random mode is the default operational mode for CacheFlow. Once CacheFlow detects a sequential access pattern, it leaves random mode. CacheFlow also performs predictive read operations to increase the probability that data requested in future commands already exists in the cache.

CacheFlow partitions the buffer into multiple segments to allow for the fact that applications may access multiple non-contiguous areas on the disk. CacheFlow tracks the amount of valid data in each segment and controls the deallocation of segments to maximize drive performance.

3.11.1

Write Cache

CacheFlow is designed to improve both single and multi-sector write performance by reducing delays caused by seek time and rotational latency.

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The write cache adaptively detects random and sequential access patterns during application execution.

If a defective sector is found during a write cache operation, that sector is automatically relocated before the write occurs.

3.11.2

Read Cache

CacheFlow implements a multiple segment read cache. Cache segments are assigned to read commands as they are received from the host.

Each read segment consists of pre and post read sectors in addition to the host-requested sectors. This maximizes the amount of cache data in the drive’s buffer, thereby increasing the likelihood of cache hits and improving overall performance.

3.11.3

48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA)

The 48-bit Address feature set allows devices with capacities up to approximately 281 tera sectors or approximately 144 peta bytes. In addition, the number of sectors that may be transferred by a single command are increased by increasing the allowable sector count to 16 bits.

Bits (47:40) Bits (39:32)

LBA High (exp) LBA Mid (exp)

48-bit Address

Bits (31:24)

LBA Low (exp)

Bits (23:16)

LBA High

Bits (15:8)

LBA Mid

Bits (7:0)

LBA Low

16-bit Sector Count

Bits (15:8)

Sector Count

(exp)

Bits (7:0)

Sector Count

3.12

Power Management

The drives support the ATA power management commands that lower the average power consumption of the hard drives. For example, to take advantage of the lower power consumption modes of the drive, an energy efficient host system could implement a power management scheme that issues a Standby

Immediate command when a host resident disk inactivity timer expires. The Standby Immediate command causes the drive to spin down and enter a low-power mode. Subsequent disk access commands would cause the drive to spin up and execute the new command.

To avoid excessive wear on the drive due to the starting and stopping of the HDA, set the host’s disk inactivity timer to no shorter than ten minutes.

The drives also support the SATA power management feature that lowers the average power consumption of the SATA interface.

3.13

Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

S.M.A.R.T. helps you monitor a drive’s internal status through diagnostic commands at the host level.

The drive monitors Read Error Rate, Start/Stop Count, Re-allocated Sector Count, Seek Error Rate,

Power-on Hours Count, Spin-up Retry Count, Drive Calibration Retry Count, Drive Power Cycle

Count, Offline Scan Uncorrectable Sector Count, Ultra ATA CRC Error Rate, Multi-zone Error Rate,

Spin-up Time, Relocation Event Count, and Current Pending Sector Count. The hard drive updates and stores these attributes in the reserved area of the disk. The drive also stores a set of attribute thresholds that correspond to the calculated attribute values. Each attribute threshold indicates the point at which its corresponding attribute value achieves a negative reliability status.

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Product Features WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

3.14

Security Mode

The Security Mode feature set allows the user to create a device lock password that prevents unauthorized hard drive access even if the drive is removed from the computer.

3.14.1

Master and User Passwords

The manufacturer/dealer can set a master password using the Security Set Password command, without enabling the device lock function. The user password should be given or changed by a system user.

Master Password Identifier is supported and set to a default value of 00FE. If a Master Password is set via a Security Set Password Command, a valid Master Password Revision code value of 0001h – 00FEh must be used. A Master Password Identifier of 0000h is ignored.

When the master password is set, the drive does

not

enable the device lock function. When the user password is set, the drive enables the device lock function, and the drive is locked after the next power on reset or hard reset.

3.14.2

Security Levels

High - If High level security is set and the user password is forgotten, the master password can be used to unlock the drive and access the data.

Maximum - If Maximum level security is set and the user password is forgotten, data access is impossible. Only the master password with a Security Erase Unit command can unlock the drive when the device lock function is enabled and the user password has been forgotten. When the Security Erase

Unit command is used to unlock the drive, all user data is erased.

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 AT Command Set

4.0

AT C

OMMAND

S

ET

4.1

Host Interface Commands

4.1.1

ATA-7/ATA-8 Commands

Table 4-1 lists the hexadecimal codes specific to each ATA-7/ATA-8 command supported by these

hard drives. Refer to the D1699 ATA8-ACS specification for full details on each command.

Table 4-1. ATA-7/ATA-8 Command Opcodes

COMMAND

CHECK POWER MODE

DEVICE CONFIGURATION FREEZE LOCK

DEVICE CONFIGURATION IDENTIFY

DEVICE CONFIGURATION RESTORE

DEVICE CONFIGURATION SET

DOWNLOAD MICROCODE

EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC

FLUSH CACHE

FLUSH CACHE EXT

IDENTIFY DEVICE

IDLE

IDLE IMMEDIATE

NOP

READ BUFFER

READ DMA

READ DMA EXT

READ LOG EXT

READ MULTIPLE

READ MULTIPLE EXT

READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS

READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT

READ SECTOR(S)

READ SECTORS(S) EXT

READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT

READ VERIFY SECTORS(S)

S.M.A.R.T.

SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD

SECURITY ERASE PREPARE

SECURITY ERASE UNIT

SECURITY FREEZE LOCK

SECURITY SET PASSWORD

SECURITY UNLOCK

SET FEATURES

SET MAX

SET MAX ADDRESS EXT

SET MULTIPLE

SLEEP

HEX OPCODE

42

40

B0

27

20

24

C8

25

2F

C4

29

F8

E1

00

E4

EA

EC

E3

B1

B1

92

E5

B1

B1

90

E7

EF

F9

37

C6

E6

F5

F1

F2

F6

F3

F4

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AT Command Set WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

COMMAND

STANDBY

STANDBY IMMEDIATE

WRITE BUFFER

WRITE DMA

WRITE DMA EXT

WRITE LOG EXT

WRITE MULTIPLE

WRITE MULTIPLE EXT

WRITE SECTOR(S)

WRITE SECTOR(S) EXT

HEX OPCODE

35

3F

C5

39

E2

E0

E8

CA

30

34

4.1.2

SATA 2.5 Commands

Table 4-2 lists the hexadecimal codes specific to each SATA 2.5 command supported by these hard

drives. Refer to the SATA 2.5 specification for full details on each command.

Table 4-2. SATA 2.5 Command Opcodes

COMMAND

READ FPDMA QUEUED

WRITE FPDMA QUEUED

HEX OPCODE

60

61

4.1.3

Obsolete Commands

Table 4-3 lists the hexadecimal codes specific to each obsolete command supported by these hard

drives.

Table 4-3. Obsolete Command Opcodes

COMMAND

INITIALIZE DEVICE PARAMETERS

RECALIBRATE

SEEK

HEX OPCODE

91

10

70

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 AT Command Set

4.1.4

SCT Commands

SCT commands provide capabilities not covered in ATA/ATAPI-7 for commands that do not fit the

ATA command delivery model. Some SCT commands report completion when the command begins execution. Execution progress for these commands may be checked by requesting SCT status. For instance, the host can track the progress of a Write Same command by issueing a status request once per minute. See ATA8-ACS for a full description of SCT.

Table 4-4. SCT Action Codes

ACTION CODE

0000h

0001h

0002h

0003h

0004h

0005h

0006h

0007h

C000h

DESCRIPTION

RESERVED

Long Sector Access

Write Same

Error Recovery Control

Features Control

SCT Data Tables

Vendor specific

BFFFh Reserved

FFFFh Vendor specific

4.2

S.M.A.R.T. (B0h)

The S.M.A.R.T. command provides access to attribute values, S.M.A.R.T. status, and other

S.M.A.R.T. information. These commands can be used for logging and reporting purposes, and for accommodating special user needs.

Prior to writing the S.M.A.R.T. command to the Command Register, the host must write key values into the LBA Mid and LBA High Registers (4Fh, C2h) or the command will be aborted and an error will be reported.

The S.M.A.R.T. command has several sub-commands that are selectable via the Features Register when the host issues the S.M.A.R.T. command. To select a sub-command, the host must write the appropriate sub-command code to the Features Register before issuing the S.M.A.R.T. command. The sub-commands and their respective codes are listed below. For more detailed information on executing

S.M.A.R.T. commands, please see the ATA specification.

4.2.1

Read Attribute Values Sub-Command

This command returns a sector of data with the drive's S.M.A.R.T. data structure.

Table 4-5. Definitions for the 512 Bytes.

BYTE

0 - 1

2 - 361

VALUE

0010h

XX

362

363

XX

XX

DESCRIPTION

S.M.A.R.T. Data Structure Revision

S.M.A.R.T. Attribute Data

Offline data collection status

0Xh OL disabled

8Xh OL enabled

X0h scan not run

X2h scan complete

X4h scan suspended

X5h scan aborted

Self-Test execution status byte.

00h The previous self-test routine completed without error or no self-test has ever been run

01h The self-test routine was aborted by the host

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AT Command Set

370

371

372

373

374

375 - 510

511

BYTE

364 - 365

366

367

368 - 369

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

XX

XX

XX

XX

XX

XX

VALUE

XX

XX

7Bh

0003h

01h

02h

03h

04h

05h

06h

07h

08h

DESCRIPTION

The self-test routine was interrupted by the host with a hard or soft reset

A fatal error or unknown test error occurred while the device was executing its self-test routine. The device was unable to complete the self-test routine.

The previous self-test completed having a test element that failed. The test element that failed is not known.

The previous self-test completed having a test element that failed. The electrical element of the test failed.

The previous self-test completed having a test element that failed. The servo (and/or seek) test element of the test failed.

The previous self-test completed having a test element that failed. The read element of the test failed.

The previous self-test completed having a test element that failed. The element damage is suspected to be caused by handling.

Reserved 09-

0Eh

0Fh Self-test routine in progress

Total time in seconds to complete offline data collection activity

Reserved

Offline data collection capability. Bits are as follows:

0

1 = Offline Immediate Command supported

1

2

3

1 = Auto Offline enable\disable command supported

0 = Offline will suspend on and will resume after host command

1 = Offline read scan implemented

1 = DST Short and Extended tests supported

4

5

1 = DST Conveyance test supported

6

1 = DST Selective test supported

7

0 = Reserved

S.M.A.R.T. Capability. Bits are as follows:

1

1 = The device saves SMART data prior to going into a power saving mode

1

1 = Device complies with SMART data autosave after an event

2-15

Reserved

Error logging capability. Bits are as follows:

0

1 = Error logging supported

1

Reserved

Reserved

Short self-test routine completion time in minutes

Extended self-test routine completion time in minutes

Conveyance self-test routine completion time in minutes

Reserved

Checksum

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 AT Command Set

4.2.2

Supported Attributes

The drive supports the following attributes.

Attribute Attribute ID Number

Read Error Rate

Spin-up Time

Start/Stop Count

Re-allocated Sector Count

Seek Error Rate

Power-on Hours Count

Spin-up Retry Count

Drive Calibration Retry Count

Drive Power Cycle Count

Emergency Retract Cycles

Load/Unload Cycles

HDA Temperature

2

Relocation Event Count

Current Pending Sector Count

Offline Scan Uncorrectable Sector Count

Ultra ATA CRC Error Rate

198

199

Multi-zone Error Rate 200

1

Status bits are typical but may vary.

2

See “Temperature Reporting” on page 17 for a better mechanism.

12

192

193

194

196

197

7

9

10

11

4

5

1

3

Pre-Failure/Advisory Bit

(Status Flags bit 0)

1

Pre-Failure

Pre-Failure

Advisory

Pre-Failure

Advisory

Advisory

Advisory

Advisory

Advisory

Advisory

Advisory

Advisory

Advisory

Advisory

Advisory

Advisory

Advisory

Attributes that use the Pre-Failure/Advisory Bit Set can predict potential future degrading or faulty conditions. Attributes with the Failure/Advisory Bit Clear are used for informational purposes only, they do not indicate impending drive failure.

The S.M.A.R.T. data saving process is a background task. After a pre-determined idle period, the selfmonitoring data is automatically saved to the disk.

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AT Command Set WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

4.2.3

Read Log Sector

There are several logs that can be read with the S.M.A.R.T. Read Log Sector sub-command. The LBA

Low Register indicates the log sector to be returned.

Table 4-6. Defined Error Logging Sectors

Log address

00h

Content

Log directory

01h

02h

03h

04h-05h

06h

07h

08h-0FH

09H

0Ah-0Fh

11h

12h-17h

18h-7Fh

Summary Log (up to 5 errors)

Comprehensive SMART error log. (5 errors per sectors)

Extended Comprehensive SMART error log.

(4 errors per sectors)

Reserved

SMART self-test log

Extended SMART self-test log

Reserved

Selective self-test log

Reserved

SATA PHY Counters

Reserved for Serial ATA

Reserved

80h-9Fh

A0h-BFh

C0h-DFh

Host vendor specific

Device vendor specific

Reserved

E0h-E1h SMART Command Transport(SCT)

E2h-FFh Reserved

RO – Read Only

R/W – Read / Write

SMART – Supported by B0h command code.

ExtLog – Supported by 2Fh/3Fh command code.

VS – Vendor Specific

Log Cmds

ExtLog

SMART

SMART

ExtLog

Reserved

SMART

ExtLog

Reserved

SMART

Reserved

ExtLog

Reserved

Reserved

SMART / ExtLog

SMART / ExtLog

Reserved

SMART / ExtLog

Reserved

4.2.4

Offline Data Collection

The drive supports offline data collection. The multi-zone error rate is an attribute computed from data gathered during offline activities. Offline data collection is initiated by either the S.M.A.R.T.

Offline Immediate command or the S.M.A.R.T. Enable Automatic Offline command.

There are two internal firmware timers that control automatic offline data collection. The first internal firmware timer is referred to as the Spin Timer. The Spin Timer accumulates the number of hours the drive is powered on. Once this timer reaches 8 hours, an offline data collection is said to be “pending.”

The second internal firmware timer is referred to as the Idle Timer. The Idle Timer accumulates the number of seconds since the drive has received a command from the host. Once the Idle Timer reaches

15 seconds, a “pending” offline data collection process begins. If an in-process automatic offline data collection process is interrupted by a host command, the automatic offline data collection process will then resume after 15 minutes of power on followed by 15 seconds of idle time. If the Standby Timer expires while an offline scan is pending or already in progress, the scan will complete before the drive spins down.

R/W

RO

RO

RO

RO

Reserved

RO

RO

Reserved

R/W

Reserved

RO

Reserved

Reserved

R/W

VS

Reserved

R/W

Reserved

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 AT Command Set

4.3

Identify Device (ECh)

The Identify Device command transfers 512 bytes of data that specify the drive’s parameters. Table 4-7

lists the parameters read by the host.

Table 4-7. Identify Device Command

WORD

0

7-8

9

10-19

20

21

22

23-26

4

5

6

1

2

3

27-46

47

48

49

50

51-52

53

54-58

59

60-61

FIELD DESCRIPTION

General Configuration

Obsolete

Specific Configuration

Obsolete

Retired

Retired

Obsolete

Reserved for assignment by the CompactFlash™ Association

Retired

Serial Number (ATA String)

Retired

Retired

Obsolete

Firmware Revision (ATA String)

Model Numbers (ATA String)

READ/WRITE MULTIPLE support

Trusted Computing feature set options

Capabilities

Bit 14-15: Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command.

Bit 13: 1 = Standby timer values as specified in this standard are supported

0 = Standby timer values shall be managed by the device

Bit 12: Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command.

Bit 11: 1 = IORDY supported

0 = IORDY may be supported

Bit 10: 1 = IORDY may be disabled

Bit 9: 1 = LBA supported

Bit 8: 1 = DMA supported

Capabilities

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero.

Bit 14: Shall be set to one.

Bit 13-2: Reserved.

Bit 1: Obsolete

Bit 0: Shall be set to one to indicate a device specific

Standby timer value minimum

Obsolete

Bit 8-15: Free-fall Control Sensitivity

00h = Vendor’s recommended setting

01h-FFh = Sensitivity level. A larger number is a more sensitive setting.

Bit 7-3: Reserved

Bit 2: If set, the fields reported in word 88 are valid

Bit 1: If set, the fields reported in words (70:64) are valid

Obsolete

Current Blocking Factor

Value set with Set Multiple command

Total number of user addressable logical sectors (DWord)

VALUE

427Ah

0

XXXX

0

0

0

WDnnnnnnnn

0

0

0

0

0

0 nnnn

“WDC WD2500BPVT-nnnnnn”

“WDC WD3200BPVT-nnnnnn”

8010h

0

2F00h

4001h

0

0007h

0

XX

WDC WD2500BPVT (488,397,168)

WDC WD3200BPVT (625,142,448)

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 33

AT Command Set WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

WORD

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69-74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Obsolete

Multi-Word DMA Transfer Mode Supported

Bit 10: If set, Multiword DMA mode 2 is selected

Bit 9: If set, Multiword DMA mode 1 is selected

Bit 8: If set, Multiword DMA mode 0 is selected

Bit 0-2: If set, Multiword DMA mode 2 and below are supported

Advanced PIO Modes Supported

Bits 0-7: PIO Modes supported

Min. Multi-Word DMA Transfer Cycle Time (ns)

Manufacturer Recommended Multi-Word DMA Cycle Time

(ns)

Min. PIO Transfer Cycle Time without flow control (ns)

Min. PIO Transfer Cycle Time with IORDY flow control (ns)

Reserved

Queue Depth

Bit 4-0: Maximum queue depth - 1

Serial ATA Capabilities

Bit 15-13: Reserved

Bit 12: Supports Native Command Queuing priority information

Bit 11: Supports Unload while NCQ commands outstanding

Bit 10: Supports Phy event counters

Bit 9: Supports receipt of host-initiated interface power management requests

Bit 8: Supports Native Command Queuing (NCQ)

Bit 7-3: Reserved for future Serial ATA signaling speed grades

Bit 2: 1= Supports Serial ATA Gen2 signaling speed

(3 Gb/s)

Bit 1: 1= Supports Serial ATA Gen1 signaling speed

(1.5 Gb/s)

Bit 0: Shall be cleared to zero

Reserved for Serial ATA

Serial ATA Features Supported

Bit 7-15: Reserved for Serial ATA

Bit 6: If set, device supports software settings preservation

Bit 5: Reserved for Serial ATA

Bit 4: If set, device supports in-order data delivery

Bit 3: If set, device supports initiating power management

Bit 2: If set, device supports DMA Setup Auto-activation

Bit 1: If set, device supports non-zero buffer offsets

Bit 0: Cleared to zero

Serial ATA Features Enabled

Bits 7-15: Reserved for Serial ATA

Bit 6: If set, software settings preservation enabled

Bit 5: Reserved for Serial ATA

Bit 4: If set, In-order data delivery enabled

Bit 3: If set, device initiated power management enabled

Bit 2: If set, DMA Setup Auto-activation enabled

Bit 1: If set, non-zero buffer offsets enabled

Bit 0: Cleared to zero

Major Version Number

ATA-8 and below supported

Minor Version Number

VALUE

0

XX07h

0003h

120

120

120

120

0

31

0001 1111 0000 0110b

1F06h

0000

0000 0000 010 0 1100b

0000 0000 0X0X XXX0b

01FEh

0

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WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 AT Command Set

2679-771320-A00

WORD

82

83

84

85

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Command and feature sets supported

Bit 14: If set, NOP command supported

Bit 13: If set, Read buffer command supported

Bit 12: If set, Write buffer command supported

Bit 11: Obsolete

Bit 10: If set, Host Protected Area Feature Set supported

Bit 9: If set, Device Reset command supported

Bit 8: If set, Service interrupt supported

Bit 7: If set, Release interrupt supported

Bit 6: If set, look-ahead supported

Bit 5: If set, Write Cache supported

Bit 4: Cleared to 0 to indicate that the PACKET feature set is not supported.

Bit 3: If set, mandatory Power Management Feature Set supported

Bit 2: Obsolete

Bit 1: If set, Security Feature Set supported

Bit 0: If set, SMART Feature Set supported

Command Set Supported

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to 0

Bit 14: Shall be set to 1

Bit 13: If set, Flush Cache EXT command supported

Bit 12: If set, mandatory Flush Cache command supported

Bit 11: If set, DCO feature set supported

Bit 10: If set, 48-bit Address Feature Set supported

Bit 9: Not supported

Bit 8: If set, Set Max Security Extension supported

Bit 7: Reserved

Bit 6: If set, Set Features subcommand required to spin-up after power-up

Bit 5: If set, Power-Up In Standby feature set supported

Bit 4: Obsolete

Bit 3: If set, Advanced Power Management feature set supported

Bit 2: If set, CFA feature set supported

Bit 1: If set, Read/Write DMA Queued supported

Bit 0: If set, Download Microcode command supported

Command and Feature sets supported

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero

Bit 14: Shall be set to one

Bit 13: If set, Idle Immediate with Unload Feature supported

Bit 12: Reserved

Bit 11: Reserved

Bit 9-10: Obsolete

Bit 8: If set, 64-bit World wide name supported

Bit 7: If set, Write DMA Queued FUA EXT command supported

Bit 6: If set, Write DMA FUA EXT and Write Multiple FUA

EXT commands supported

Bit 5: If set, General Purpose Logging feature set supported

Bit 4: If set, Streaming Feature Set supported

Bit 3: If set, Media Card Pass Through Command feature set supported

Bit 2: If set, Media serial number supported

Bit 1: If set, SMART Self-Test supported

Bit 0: If set, SMART Error Logging supported

Command and Feature sets supported or enabled

Bit 15: Obsolete

Bit 14: If set, NOP command supported

Bit 13: If set, Read Buffer command supported

Bit 12: If set, Write Buffer command supported

Bit 11: Obsolete

Bit 10: If set, Host Protected Area has been established

Bit 9: If set, DEVICE RESET command supported

Bit 8: If set, SERVICE interrupt enabled

Bit 7: If set, Release Interrupt enabled

Bit 6: If set, Read look-ahead enabled

Bit 5: If set, Volatile Write cache enabled

Bit 4: Cleared to 0 to indicate that the PACKET feature set is not supported

Bit 3: Set to 1 to indicate that the Mandatory Power

Management feature set is supported

Bit 2: Obsolete

Bit 1: If set, Security Feature Set enabled

Bit 0: If set, SMART Feature Set enabled

VALUE

0111 0100 0110 1011b

0111 1101 0000 1001b

0110 0001 0110 0011b

0111 0X00 0XX0 10XXb

RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 35

AT Command Set WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

WORD

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95-99

100-103

104-107

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Commands and Feature sets supported or enabled

Bit 15: If set, Words 119-120 are valid

Bit 14: Reserved

Bit 13: If set, Flush Cache EXT command supported

Bit 12: If set, Flush Cache command supported

Bit 11: If set, Device Configuration Overlay supported

Bit 10: If set, 48-bit Address Feature Set supported

Bit 9: Not supported

Bit 8: If set, Set Max Security Extension enabled by Set Max

Set Password

Bit 7: Reserved

Bit 6: If set, Set Features subcommand required to spin-up after power-up

Bit 5: If set, Power-Up In Standby feature set enabled

Bit 4: Obsolete

Bit 3: If set, Advanced Power Management feature set enabled

Bit 2: If set, CFA Feature Set enabled

Bit 1: If set, Read/Write DMA Queued command supported

Bit 0: If set, Download Microcode command supported

Commands and Feature sets supported or enabled

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero

Bit 14: Shall be set to 1

Bit 13: If set, Idle Immediate with Unload Feature supported

Bit 12: Reserved

Bit 11: Reserved

Bit 9-10: Obsolete

Bit 8: If set, 64-bit World wide name supported

Bit 7: If set, Write DMA Queued FUA EXT command supported

Bit 6: If set, Write DMA FUA EXT and Write Multiple FUA

EXT commands supported

Bit 5: If set, General Purpose Logging Feature Set supported

Bit 4: Obsolete

Bit 3: If set, Media Card Pass Through Command feature set supported

Bit 2: If set, Media serial number is valid

Bit 1: If set, SMART Self-Test supported

Bit 0: If set, SMART Error Logging supported

Ultra DMA modes

Bit 15: Reserved

Bit 14: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 6 is selected

Bit 13: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 5 is selected

Bit 12: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 4 is selected

Bit 11: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 3 is selected

Bit 10: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 2 is selected

Bit 9: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 1 is selected

Bit 8: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 0 is selected

Bit 7: Reserved

Bit 6: Ultra DMA mode 6 supported

Bit 5: Ultra DMA mode 5 supported

Bit 4: Ultra DMA mode 4 supported

Bit 3: Ultra DMA mode 3 supported

Bit 2: Ultra DMA mode 2 supported

Bit 1: Ultra DMA mode 1 supported

Bit 0: Ultra DMA mode 0 supported

Time required for Normal Erase mode SECURITY ERASE

UNIT command

Time required for Enhanced Erase mode SECURITY ERASE

UNIT command

Current advanced power management level value

Master Password Identifier

Hardware reset result

Not supported

Not supported

Total number of User Addressable Sectors for the 48-bit

Address feature set (QWord)

Not supported

VALUE

1011 110X 00X0 X001b

0110 0001 0110 XX11b

0XXX XXXX 0111 1111b

XX

XX

XXXX

XXXX

0

0000h

0

WDC WD2500BPVT (488,397,168)

WDC WD3200BPVT (625,142,448)

0

36 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 AT Command Set

WORD

108-111

112-118

119

120

121-126

127

128

129-159

160

161-175

176-205

206

207-254

255

FIELD DESCRIPTION

World Wide Name

Not supported

Commands and feature sets supported (Continued from words 82-84)

Bit 15: Cleared to zero

Bit 14: Shall be set to one

Bit 13-6: Reserved

Bit 5: If set, Free-fall Control feature set is supported

Bit 4: If set, DOWNLOAD MICROCODE with offsets is supported

Bit 3: If set, READ and WRITE DMA EXT GPL optional commands are supported

Bit 2: If set, WRITE UNCORRECTABLE EXT is supported

Bit 1: If set, Write-Read-Verify feature set is supported

Bit 0: Reserved

Commands and feature sets supported or enabled (Continued from words 85-87)

Bit 15: Cleared to zero

Bit 14: Shall be set to one

Bit 13-6: Reserved

Bit 5: If set, Free-fall Control feature set is enabled

Bit 4: If set, DOWNLOAD MICROCODE with offsets is supported

Bit 3: If set, READ and WRITE DMA EXT GPL optional commands are supported

Bit 2: If set, WRITE UNCORRECTABLE EXT is supported

Bit1: If set, Write-Read-Verify feature set is enabled

Bit 0: Reserved

Reserved

Obsolete

Security Status

Bit 15-9: Reserved

Bit 8: Security level (0 = High, 1 = Maximum)

Bit 7-6: Reserved

Bit 5: If set, Enhanced Security Erase supported

Bit 4: If set, Security count expired

Bit 3: If set, Security Frozen

Bit 2: If set, Security Locked

Bit 1: If set, Security enabled

Bit 0: If set, Security supported

Vendor Specific

Not supported

Reserved for assignment by the CompactFlash™ Association

Not supported

SCT Command Transport

Bit 15-6: Reserved

Bit 5: If set, SCT Command Transport Date Tables supported

Bit 4: If set, SCT Command Transport Features Control supported

Bit 3: If set, SCT Command Transport Error Recovery

Control supported

Bit 2: If set, SCT Command Transport Write Same supported

Bit 1: If set, SCT Command Transport Long Sector Access supported

Bit 0: If set, SCT Command Transport supported

Reserved

Integrity Word

Bit 15-8: Checksum

Bit 7-0: Signature

VALUE

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

0

0100 0000 0001 1000b

0100 0000 0001 1000b

0

0

0

0

0

0

0000 000X 001X XXX1b

0000 0000 0011 1111b

0

XXA5h

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 37

AT Command Set WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

4.4

Set Features (EFh)

The Set Features command enables or disables the features listed in the following table

FUNCTION FEATURES

REGISTER

SECTOR COUNT REGISTER

Enable read cache

1

Disable read cache

1

Enable write cache

1

Disable write cache

Set Transfer Mode

1

Enable Advanced Power Management

AAh

55h

02h

82h

03h

05h

Don’t care

Don’t care

Don’t care

Don’t care

Don’t care

FEh-Maximum performance

80h-Minimum power consumption without standby

Don’t care Disable Advanced Power Management

Enable use of Serial ATA Feature

Disable use of Serial ATA Feature

85h

10h

90h

02h-DMA Setup FIS Auto-Activate optimization

03h-Device-initiated interface power state transitions

06h-Software Settings Preservation

02h-DMA Setup FIS Auto-Activate optimization

03h-Device-initiated interface power state transitions

06h-Software Settings Preservation

Set Performance Mode

2

42h FEh

1

Changes are only valid while power remains applied to the drive. After power is cycled, the drive reverts to the default settings.

2

Changes are valid through power cycles and hard resets.

38 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Installation and Setup Procedures

5.0

I

NSTALLATION AND

S

ETUP

P

ROCEDURES

Hard drives are precision instruments that must be handled with care to prevent damage. It is important to understand that drives are typically damaged due to electrostatic discharge (ESD), pressing on the top cover, rough handling, or shock and vibration. Also refer to the WD 2.5-inch Hard Drive Handling poster (part number 2378-701047) for details on drive handling.

Important:

If your system does not support hot plugging (see “Hot Plug Support” on page 21), it

must be turned off and unplugged before installing your hard drive.

5.1

Unpacking

5.1.1

Handling Precautions

WD products are designed to withstand normal handling during unpacking and installation. Take care to avoid excessive mechanical shock, pressing on the top cover, or electrostatic discharge (ESD) which can permanently damage the hard drive and void the warranty. Hard drives are typically damaged because of ESD, rough handling, or shock and vibration.

Figure 5-1. Drive Handling Precautions

Hard drives are delicate, precision instruments and should be handled with care at all times.

Hard drives are typically damaged by rough handling, shock, vibration, and electrostatic discharge (ESD).

Handle the Drive ONLY by its Sides

2679-771320-A00

DO NOT Press on the Top Cover of the Drive

To avoid ESD problems, wear a properly grounded wrist strap when handling the hard drive. Articles of clothing generate static electricity. Do not allow clothing to come in direct contact with the hard drive or circuit board components.

When the drive is not in its shipping container or installed in its proper host enclosure, it must remain in the antistatic bag. To prevent damage, do not unpack your drive until you are ready to install it.

CAUTION:

To avoid damage to internal drive components, do not apply a load greater than

2.6 lbf to a circular 10 mm diameter area anywhere on the top cover. Chassis design should allow for sufficient clearance and support to prevent loads from being transferred to the drive top cover.

RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 39

Installation and Setup Procedures WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

5.1.2

Inspection of Shipping Container

Carefully examine the container for obvious shipping damage, such as: holes, signs of crushing, or stains. Notify the carrier and your WD representative if you observe any shipment damage. Always move the shipping container in the upright position indicated by the arrows on the container.

5.1.3

Removal From Shipping Container

Remove the drive from the shipping container only for inspection or installation. Carefully open the box. When removing the drive from the box, follow these precautions:

„

„

„

Grasp the drive by the sides only; avoid touching the circuit board components.

Gently place the drive on its antistatic bag on a clean, level, grounded work area.

Do not stack drives or stand the drive on its edge.

CAUTION:

When removing the drive from the shipping container, be careful not to drop it.

Dropping the drive can severely damage the head disk assembly or printed circuit board.

5.1.4

Removal From Static Shielding Bag

Before removing the drive from its static shielding bag:

„

„

„

Make sure that your work station is properly grounded.

Wear a properly grounded wrist strap with good skin contact.

Avoid contact with any component on the printed circuit board.

Figure 5-2. Hard Drive Removal From Static Shielding Bag

40

After attaching your wrist strap, gently remove the drive from the static shielding bag.

„

„

Handle the drive by the sides only; avoid touching the printed circuit board.

Handle the drive with the printed circuit board facing downward during installation.

„

„

„

„

„

The unit should not be moved during drive activity.

The unit is not intended as a portable device.

Do not attempt to open the drive and service it yourself. Removing the cover may expose you to harmful electrical voltages and will void the warranty.

To allow ventilation, do not block the air slots on the underside and rear of the enclosure.

Do not remove the tape seal or any labels from the drive; this will void the warranty.

5.1.5

Moving Precautions

If you need to move your computer, turn off the power to automatically park the heads. Parking moves the heads to a safe, non-data landing zone where they lock into place. This helps protect the media and the heads from accidental damage due to vibration, moving, or shipping.

RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Installation and Setup Procedures

5.2

Mounting Restrictions

Important:

Your system must be turned off and unplugged before installing your hard drive.

5.2.1

Orientation

You can mount the hard drive in the X, Y, or Z axis, depending upon the physical design of your system. For best results, mount the drive with all four screws grounded to the chassis. If all four screws

are not used, see "Grounding" on page 42.

5.2.2

Screw Size Limitations

The hard drive is mounted to the chassis using four M 3.0 screws. Recommended screw torque is 5-6 lbf-in.

CAUTION: Screws that are too long damage circuit board components. Side mounted screws should engage 3.0 mm MAX. Bottom mounted screws should engage 2.5 mm MAX.

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 41

Installation and Setup Procedures WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

5.2.3

Grounding

For best results, mount the drive with all four screws in the side grounded to the chassis (positions A, B,

C, and D below). You must ground the drive with at least one mounting screw.

Figure 5-3. Grounding Diagram

Side Mounting

–

Use four metal screws in A, B, C, and D. If less than four screws are used, remove in this order: C, D, and then B. You must use a screw in position A.

Top face Mounting–

Use four metal screws in 1, 2, 3 and 4. If less than four screws are used, remove in this order: 2, 4, and then 3. You must use a screw in position 1.

42 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Installation and Setup Procedures

5.3

Jumper Settings

It is not necessary to put a jumper shunt on the drive for notebook use. Advanced settings for the drive are as follows:

SSC Mode

– Spread spectrum clocking feature. Default setting is disabled.

RPS Mode

– RPS feature. Default setting is disabled

Figure 5-4. Jumper Settings for WD Scorpio SATA Hard Drives

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 43

Maintenance WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

6.0

M

AINTENANCE

The hard drive requires no preventative maintenance and contains no user-serviceable parts. The service and repair of WD drives can only be performed at a WD Service Center. Please contact your WD representative for warranty information and service/return procedures.

Observe the following precautions to prolong the life of the drive:

„

„

Do not attempt to open the sealed compartment of the WD drive as this will void the warranty.

Do not lift a WD drive by the printed circuit board.

„

„

„

„

„

„

„

Avoid static discharge when handling a WD drive.

Avoid harsh shocks or vibrations.

Do not touch the components on the printed circuit board.

Do not obstruct or cover any holes on the drive’s cover. Air must be able to pass through these holes to the external air filter for normal operation of the drive.

Observe the environmental limits specified for this product.

If it becomes necessary to move your computer system, turn off the power to automatically park the heads.

Parking the heads moves them to a safe, non-data landing zone and locks them into place. This helps protect the media and the heads from accidental damage due to vibration while moving or shipping.

To protect your data, back it up regularly. WD assumes no responsibility for loss of data. For information about back-up and restore procedures, consult your operating system manual. There are also a number of utility programs available that you can use to back up your data.

44 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Technical Support

7.0

T

ECHNICAL

S

UPPORT

NORTH AMERICA

US/Canada

(Central Time)

Monday - Thursday

Friday

Saturday

EUROPE

Central European Time (CET)

Monday - Thursday

800.ASK.4WDC

9:00 am - 7:00 pm

9:00 am - 5:00 pm

8:00 am - 5:00 pm

Friday

+31.20.4467651

9:30 am - 12:00 noon

1:00 pm - 5:30 pm

9:30 am - 12:00 noon

1:00 pm - 4:00 pm

7.1

WD Online Services

WD provides a wide variety of technical support services on our Internet site at

support.wdc.com.

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 45

Glossary WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

8.0

G

LOSSARY

Active LED Status

- WD SATA drives support external LED requirements. It provides an activity LED output which is ON during command execution and OFF otherwise.

Advanced Format Technology

— Technology being adopted by WD and other drive manufacturers to increase media format efficiencies, thus enabling larger drive capacities.

Annualized Failure Rate (AFR)

- A method of measuring failure rates or trends for a group of units at a site. The rates are based on the monthly total number of returned field failure units divided by the total cumulative installed base and multiplied by 12 (to annualize the failure rate).

Automatic Defect Retirement

- If defective sectors are found during a read or write, they are automatically mapped out and relocated.

Block

- A group of bytes handled, stored, and accessed as a logical data unit, such as an individual file record.

Buffer

- A temporary data storage area that compensates for a difference in data transfer rates and/or data processing rates between sender and receiver.

Data Lifeguard™

— Representing WD's ongoing commitment to data protection, Data Lifeguard data protection utilities include thermal management, an environmental protection system, and embedded error detection and repair features that automatically detect, isolate, and repair problem areas that may develop over the extended use of the hard drive.

Data Transfer Rate

-The rate that digital data is transferred from one point to another, expressed in bits per second or bytes per second.

„

Data Transfer Rate to Disk: The internal disk transfer rate in Mbits per second.

„

Data Transfer Rate from the Buffer to the Host: Based on the transfer of buffered data in MB per second.

Defect Management

-A general methodology of eliminating data errors on a recording surface by mapping out known bad areas of the media.

ECC On-the-Fly

-A hardware correction technique that corrects errors in the read buffer prior to host transfer without any performance penalties. These error corrections are invisible to the host system because they do not require assistance from the drive’s firmware.

Error Correction Code (ECC)

-A mathematical algorithm that can detect and correct errors in a data field by adding check bits to the original data.

F.I.T. (Functional Integrity Testing)

- A suite of tests WD performs on all its drive products to ensure compatibility with different hosts, operating systems, application programs, and peripherals. This testing must be performed before the product can be released to manufacturing.

Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)

- Bearing design that incorporates a layer of high-viscosity lubricant instead of ball bearings in the hard drive spindle motor. As an alternative to conventional ball bearing technology, FDB designs provide increased non-operational shock resistance, speed control, and improved acoustics.

Formatted Capacity

- The actual capacity available to store data in a mass storage device. The formatted capacity is the gross capacity minus the capacity taken up by the overhead data required for formatting the media.

Hot Plugging

- The ability to swap out a failed hard drive without having to power down the system or reboot.

Landing Zone

- The heads move to this location on the inner cylinders following a Park command. User data is not stored at this location.

Latency

- The period of time that the read/write heads wait for the disk to rotate the data to an accessible position. For a disk rotating at 5400 RPM, the average latency is 5.5 milliseconds.

Logical Address

- A storage location address that may or may not relate directly to a physical location. The logical address is usually used when requesting information from a controller. The controller performs a logicalto-physical address conversion and retrieves the data from a physical location in the storage device.

Logical Block Address

- An alternative addressing methodology of identifying a given location on an SATA

46 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2 Glossary

drive that permits disk sizes greater than 528 MB.

Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR)

- In PMR, the magnetization of each data bit is aligned vertically rather than longitudinally to the spinning disk. The adjacent bits attract instead of repel (as with bar magnets placed side by side), creating more thermally stable bits.

PRML (Partial Response Maximum Likelihood)

- A read channel using sampled data, active equalization and Veterbi detection to accurately retrieve the user data off the disk.

Reduced Power Spinup (RPS)

— WD’s optimized start up feature specifically designed for the external hard drive and Consumer Electronics (CE) market. Specific focus for RPS is to minimize the duration and magnitude of the peak power consumption from the hard drive.

RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances)

— WD complies with the Restriction of Hazardous

Substances (RoHS) Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament, which is effective in the EU beginning

July 1, 2006. RoHS aims to protect human health and the environment by restricting the use of certain hazardous substances in new equipment, and consists of restrictions on lead, mercury, cadmium, and other substances.

Rotational Latency

- The amount of delay in obtaining information from a hard drive that can be attributed to the rotation of the disk.

RPM (Revolutions per Minute)

- Rotational speed of the media (disk), also known as the spindle speed.

Hard drives spin at one constant speed. The slower the RPM, the higher the mechanical latencies. Disk RPM is a critical component of hard drive performance because it directly impacts the rotational latency of the disk transfer rate.

Serial ATA (SATA)

- SATA is the next generation bus interface for hard drives. It is designed to replace

Parallel ATA, and has many advantages including increased transfer rate, improved signal integrity, enhanced data protection, and hot plugging.

Sector

- A 512-byte packet of data.

Seek Time

- The time it takes for the read/write head to move to a specific block of data on the hard drive.

The average seek time is computed by dividing the time it takes to complete a large number of random seeks by the number of seeks performed.

Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

- A technology to assist the user in preventing possible system down time due to hard drive failure.

S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)

— The SCT Command Transport feature set provides a method for a host to send commands and data to a device and for a device to send data and status to a host using log pages.

System-on-Chip

- The System-on-Chip (SOC) is the foundation for WD's next generation electronics and firmware architecture. The native SATA SOC lowers component count by integrating a hard disk controller, high performance processor, high speed execution SRAM, and read channel in a 128-pin package.

Thermal Asperity

- A thermal asperity is a baseline shift in the readback signal due to heating of the magnetoresistive stripe on the head as a result of physical contact with the disk or a particle.

Unrecoverable Error

- A read error that cannot be overcome by an ECC scheme or by rereading the data when host retries are enabled.

Write Cache

- A feature in CacheFlow that posts “command complete” prior to completing the actual write.

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 47

Index

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

I

NDEX

—A—

Acoustics, 10, 12

Active LED Status, 22

Activity indication, 23

Actuator Type, 4

Agency Approvals, 12

Annualized Failure Rate, 45

Atmospheric Pressure, 10

Automatic Defect Retirement, 19

—B—

Buffer Size, 3

Bytes per Sector, 4

—C—

CacheFlow6, 23

Commands

SCT, 28

Component Design Life, 10

Cooling, 10

Airflow, 10

Current Requirements, 7

—D—

Data Lifeguard, 17

Data Surfaces, 4

Data Transfer Rate, 3

Defect Management, 18

Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions, 11

Dimensions, 5

—E—

ECC, 4

Error Rate, 3

Error Recovery Process, 19

—F—

Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB), 23

Full Stroke Seek, 3

—G—

Glossary, 45

Grounding, 41

—H—

Host Interface Commands, 26

Identify Drive, 32

S.M.A.R.T., 28

Set Features, 38

Hot Plug Support, 20

48

—I—

Input Voltage Requirements, 8

Installation and Setup, 39

Interleave, 3

Internal Environmental Protection System, 18

—J—

Jumper Settings, 42

Jumper Settings Diagram, 42

—L—

Latency, 3

LED

active status, 22

activity indication, 23

Load/unload cycles, 3

Logical Block Addressing

48-bit, 24

—M—

Maintenance, 43

Model number specification, 12

Mounting Restrictions

Orientation, 40

Screw Size Limitations, 40

—P—

Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR), 14

Power Conservation, 24

Power Dissipation, 7, 9

—R—

Read Cache, 24

Recording Method, 4

Reduced Power Spinup (RPS), 15

Reliability features set, 17

Ripple, 8

RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances), 10

Rotational Speed, 3

RPM, 3

—S—

S.M.A.R.T., 24

S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT), 16

SATA 1.5 Gb/s, 14

SATA 3 Gb/s, 14

SCT, 16

SCT commands, 28

SCT feature set

read/write long, 16 temperature reporting, 16 write same, 16

Security Mode, 25

Passwords, 25

Security Levels, 25

RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

Seek Time, 3

Servo Type, 4

Shock, 8

Specifications, 3

Electrical, 7

Environmental, 8

Mechanical, 6

Performance, 3

Physical, 4

Reliability, 10

Spindle Start Time, 3

Staggered Spinup, 23

System-on-Chip (SOC), 15

—T—

Technical Support, 44

Online Services, 44

Temperature

airflow, 10 cooling, 10

thermocouple location, 9

Temperature and Humidity, 9

Thermal Management, 17

Thermocouple location, 9

Track-to-Track, 3

—U—

Unpacking

Container Inspection, 39

Drive Removal - Container, 39

Drive Removal - Static Shielding Bag, 40

Handling Precautions, 39

Moving Precautions, 40

User Sectors per Drive, 4

—V—

Vibration, 8

—W—

Write Cache, 24

Index

2679-771320-A00 RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL)

49

Index

WD Scorpio ML320S-AF2

50

RELEASED 4/7/11 (WD CONFIDENTIAL) 2679-771320-A00

Western Digital

3355 Michelson Drive, Suite 100

Irvine, California 92612

U.S.A..

For service and literature:

support.wdc.com

www.westerndigital.com

800.

ASK

.4

WDC

North America

800.832.4778

Spanish

+800.6008.6008 Asia Pacific

00800.27549338 Europe (toll free where available)

+31.880062100

Europe/Middle East/Africa

2679-771320-A00

Apr 2011

WD CONFIDENTIAL