Freescale Semiconductor IDE build tools Application Note

Document Number: AN4094

Freescale Semiconductor

Application Note

Exporting CodeWarrior IDE Build Tools

Settings into Command-Line Tools Options

by: Stanislav Slíva

1. Introduction

The purpose of this application note is to help you convert a project created in CodeWarrior IDE into a project that could build using CodeWarrior commandline build tools. Unfortunately there is no automatic conversion tool that would export IDE project.mcp file into a make file. This document helps you to translate settings made using IDE to equivalent command-line options.

It also includes a section that maps each compiler/linker/assembler settings in an IDE panel to the corresponding command-line options.

Contents

1.

Introduction.......................................................1

2.

Command-Line Tools (CLT).............................1

3.

Target Settings..................................................2

4.

Language Settings............................................4

5.

Code Generation Settings..............................11

6.

Linker Settings................................................16

7.

MPC5674F Makefile Example.........................18

2. Command-Line Tools (CLT)

CodeWarrior build tools may be invoked from the command-line. These command-line tools operate almost identically to their counterparts in an Integrated Development Environment (IDE). CodeWarrior command-line compiler (mwcceppc.exe) and assembler (mwasmeppc.exe) translate source code files into object code files. CodeWarrior command-line linker (mwldeppc.exe) then combine one or more object code files to produce an executable image file, ready to load and execute on the target platform. Each command-line tool has options that you configure when you invoke the tool.

These tools are usually located here:

<CW installation directory>\PowerPC_EABI_Tool\Command_Line_Tools\*.exe

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3. Target Settings

3.1. Access Paths Settings Panel

Figure 1. Access Paths Settings Panel

Table 1. Command Line Options for Access Paths Settings Panel

Tool IDE Options Command-Line Options Notes

Asm.

Comp.

User Paths -cwd proj | source | explicit | include

Controls where a search begins for #include "..." files.

Asm.

Comp.

Asm.

Comp.

System Paths

Always Search User

Paths

-[no]stdinc

-nosyspath

Uses standard system include paths for #include <...> files

Treats #include <...> statements the same as #include

"..." statements. includes

-[no]convertpaths Searches for dependent files in the same location as the source file.

If the dependent file is not found in this location, specified User and System paths are searched.

If this option is enabled, the Always Search User

Paths should also be enabled.

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3.2. EPPC Target Settings Panel

Figure 2. EPPC Target Settings Panel

Table 2. Command-Line Options for EPPC Target Settings

Tool IDE Options Command-Line Options Notes

-application | -library | (partial | -r)

Application, Library, Partial Link

Linker File Name -o file_name

Linker

Comp.

Linker

Comp.

Byte Ordering

Code Model

-big | -little

-model absolute | sda_pic_pid

File name of the project will be generated when you build the (.mot, .elf, .map, .bin) project.

Big Endian: The bytes are organized in decreasing order with the last significant byte as first (B3, B2, B1, and B0).

Little Endian: The bytes are organized in the increasing order with the least significant byte as first (B0, B1, B2, and

B3).

Absolute Addressing: Generates non-relocatable binary files.

SDA Based PIC/PID Addressing: Generates relocatable binary files that use Position-Independent-Code (PIC) /

Position-Independent-Data (PID) addressing.

Linker

Comp.

Linker

Comp.

Small Data

Small Data2

Linker Heap Size (k)

Linker Stack Size (k)

-sdata[threshold] short

-sdata2[threshold] short

-heapsize long

-stacksize long

Default value is 8.

The linker stores small data items in the Small Data address space. The compiler can generate faster code to access this data.

Default value is 8

The linker stores read-only small data items in the Small

Data2 address space. The compiler can generate faster code to access this data.

Default value is 1024.

The value that you enter is in kilobytes. Heaps are associated only with applications.

Default value is 64.

You can allocate stack and heap space based on the amount of memory that you have on your target hardware.

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Tool IDE Options Command-Line Options Notes

If you allocate memory more than the available RAM, for the heap and/or stack then, your program will not run correctly.

Comp. Disable CW Extensions -disable_extensions on|

off

If you are exporting code libraries from CodeWarrior software to other compilers/linkers, check the Disable CW

Extensions checkbox to disable CodeWarrior features that may be incompatible.

Comp.

Linker

DWARF (-g[dwarf] | -sym dwarf-

1,full) | (-gdwarf-2 | -sym dwarf-2,full)

Use the DWARF list box to select the version of the Debug

With Arbitrary Record Format (DWARF) debugging information format. The linker ignores debugging information that is not in the format that you select from the

DWARF list box. (Dwarf 1, Dwarf 2)

Linker

Comp.

ABI

-tune_relocations

-abi eabi| …

Tune Relocations option has the following effects:

For EABI, the 14-bit branch relocations are changed to 24bit branch relocations only if they cannot reach the calling site from the original relocation.

For SDA PIC/PID, the absolute addressed references of data from code are changed to use a small data register instead of r0; absolute code is changed to code references to use the PC relative relocations.

Use the ABI list box to select the Application Binary

Interface (ABI) used for function calls and structure layout.

4. Language Settings

4.1. C/C++ Language Settings Panel

Figure 3. C/C++ Language Settings Panel

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Table 3. Command-Line Options for Language Settings

Tool IDE Options Command-Line Options Notes

Comp. Force C++ Compilation -lang c++ | -dialect c++ When on, translates all C source files as C++ source code.

When off, the IDE uses the file name's extension to determine whether to use the C or C++ compiler. This setting corresponds to the

#pragma cplusplus

Parser C++ to translate templates, enforcing more careful use of the typename and template keywords. This option corresponds to the

#pragma parse_func_templ

Comp. Use Instance Manager -inst[mgr | ance_manager] on | off

You can control where the instance database is stored using the

#pragma instmgr_file

Comp. Enable C++ Exceptions -Cpp_exceptions on | off When on, allows you to use the try, throw, and catch statements specified in the ISO/IEC 14882-1998 C++ standard. Otherwise, set it off to generate smaller and faster code. This setting corresponds to the

#pragma exceptions

Comp. Enable bool Support

-RTTI on | off

-bool on | off

When on, allows the use of the C++ Runtime Type

Information (RTTI) capabilities, including the dynamic_cast and type_id operators. This setting corresponds to the

#pragma RTTI

When on, the C++ compiler recognizes the bool type and its true and false values specified in the ISO/IEC 14882-

1998 C++ standard. This setting corresponds to the

#pragma bool

Comp.

Mode

ANSI Keywords Only

When on, the C++ compiler recognizes the wchar t data type specified in the ISO/IEC 14882-1998 C++ standard.

Turn off this option when compiling source code that defines its own wchar_t type. This setting corresponds to the

#pragma wchar_type

-lang ec++ | -dialect ec++

When on, expects C++ source code files to contain

Embedded C++ source code. This setting corresponds to the

#pragma ecplusplus

-strict on | off Only recognizes source code that conforms to the ISO/IEC

9899-1990 standard for C.

You cannot enable individual extensions that are controlled by the ANSI Strict setting.

This setting corresponds to the

#pragma ANSI_strict

-stdkeywords on | off Controls whether the compiler recognizes non-standard keywords. Turn the ANSI Strict option on if you want to write source code that strictly adheres to the ISO standard.

This setting corresponds to the

#pragma only_std_keywords

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Tool IDE Options

Prototypes

Command-Line Options Notes

-trigraphs on | off Many common character constants look like trigraph sequences, and this extension lets you use them without including escape characters. This setting corresponds to the

#pragma trigraphs

-for_scoping on | off Generates an error message when the compiler encounters a variable scope usage that the ISO/IEC 14882-1998 C++ standard disallows. This setting corresponds to the

#pragma ARM_scoping

-r[equireprotos] Turn on this option, the compiler generates an error message if you define a previously referenced function that does not have a prototype. This setting corresponds to the

#pragma require_prototypes

Comp. Enable C99 Extensions -dialect | -lang c99

Comp. Enable GCC Extensions -gcc[ext | _extensions] on

| off

Recognizes ISO/IEC 9899-1999 ("C99") language features that are supported by the CodeWarrior compiler. This setting corresponds to the

#pragma c99

Lets you use language features of the GCC (Gnu Compiler

Collection) C compiler that are supported by CodeWarrior.

This setting corresponds to the

#pragma gcc_extensions

Comp.

Comp.

Linker

Comp.

Use Unsigned Chars

Comp. IPA

Comp.

Enums Always Int

Pool Strings

Inline depth: Do not

Inline

-enum min | int

-char signed | unsigned

-str[ings] [no]pool

-str[ings] [no]reuse

-ipa off | file | program

-inline none | off

-inline on | smart

Comp. Inline depth: Inline level -inline level=1 | 2 | … | 8

Uses signed integers to represent enumerated constants.

This option corresponds to the

#pragma enumsalwaysint

Treats char declarations as unsigned char declarations.

This option corresponds to the

#pragma unsigned_char

If you enable this setting, the compiler collects all string constants into a single data section in the object code it generates. This option corresponds to the

#pragma pool_strings

When on, the compiler stores only one copy of identical string literals. When off, the compiler stores each string literal separately. This option corresponds to the

#pragma dont_reuse_strings

Select interprocedural analysis level. This option corresponds to the

#pragma ipa

Inlines no functions, not even C or C++ functions declared inline. This option corresponds to the

#pragma dont_inline

Turns on inlining for functions declared with the inline qualifier.

Inlines to the depth specified by the numerical selection.

This option corresponds to the

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Tool IDE Options

Comp. Auto-Inline

Comp. Bottom-up Inlining

Command-Line Options Notes

#pragma inline_depth

-inline auto Lets the compiler choose which functions to inline. This option corresponds to the

#pragma auto_inline

-inline [no]bottomup Turn this option on, the compiler performs inline analysis from the last function to the first function in a chain of function calls. This setting corresponds to the

#pragma inline_bottom_up

Figure 4. C/C++ Preprocessor Panel Settings

Table 4. Command-Line Options for C/C++ Preprocessor Panel

Tool IDE Options Command-Line Options Notes

Comp. Right click on a file and select preprocess

-preprocess Pre-processes the source files.

Comp. Use prefix text in precompiled header

-enc[oding] ascii |

(autodetect | multibyte | mb) | system | (UTF[8|-8])

| (SJIS | Shift-JIS |

ShiftJIS) | (EUC[JP | -JP])

| (ISO[2022JP | -2022-

JP])

-prefix file

The compiler automatically detects UTF-8 (Unicode

Transformation Format) header or UCS-2/UCS-4 (Uniform

Communications Standard) encodings regardless of setting.

Prefix the specified text file or precompiled header onto all source files.

Comp. Emit file changes changes) appear in the output.

Comp. Emit #pragmas source text appear in the preprocessor output.

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Tool IDE Options

Comp. Show full paths

Comp. Keep comments

Comp. Use #line

Comp. Keep white space

Command-Line Options Notes

-ppopt [no]full[path] Controls whether file changes show the full path or the base filename of the file.

-ppopt [no]line

-ppopt [no]space

Controls whether file changes appear in comments (as before) or in #line directives.

Controls whether whitespace is stripped out or copied into the output. This doesn't apply when macros are expanded.

Figure 5. C/C++ Warnings Settings Panel

Table 5. Command-Line Options for C/C++ Warnings Panel

Tool IDE Options Command-Line Options Notes

Comp. Illegal Pragmas -w[arn[ings]] [no]pragmas |

[no]illpragmas

Issues a warning message if the compiler encounters an unrecognized pragma. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_illpragma

Comp. Possible Errors

Checking

Functions

-w[arn[ings]] [no]possible |

[no]unwanted

Issues warning messages for common, usually-unintended logical errors. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_possunwant

-w[arn[ings]] [no]pedantic |

[no]extended

Issues warning messages for common programming errors. This option corresponds to the

#pragma extended_errorcheck

-w[arn[ings]] [no]hidevirtual

| [no]hidden[virtual]

Issues a warning message if you declare a non-virtual member function that prevents a virtual function,that was defined in a superclass, from being called. This setting corresponds to the

#pragma warn_hidevirtual

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Tool IDE Options

Conversions

Command-Line Options Notes

-w[arn[ings]]

[no]implicit[conv]

Issues a warning message when the compiler applies implicit conversions that may not give results you intend.

This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_implicitconv

Comp.

Comp.

Comp.

Comp.

Comp.

Comp.

Float to Integer

Signed / Unsigned

Integer to Float

Pointer / Integral

Conversions

Unused Variables

Unused Arguments

-w[arn[ings]]

[no]impl_float2int

-w[arn[ings]]

[no]impl_signedunsigned

Issues a warning message for implicit conversions from floating point values to integer values. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_impl_f2i_conv

Issues a warning message for implicit conversions from a signed or unsigned integer value to an unsigned or signed value, respectively. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_impl_s2u_conv

-w[arn[ings]]

[no]impl_int2float

Issues a warning message for implicit conversions from integer to floating-point values. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_impl_i2f_conv

-w[arn[ings]] [no]ptrintconv Issues a warning message for implicit conversions from pointer values to integer values and vice versa. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_any_ptr_int_conv

#pragma warn_ptr_int_conv

-w[arn[ings]] [no]unusedvar Issues a warning message for local variables that are not referred to in a function.

This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_unusedvar

-w[arn[ings]] [no]unusedarg Issues a warning message for function arguments that are not referred to in a function. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_unusedarg

Comp. Expression Has No Side

Effect

Comp.

Statements

Inconsistent 'class' /

'struct' Usage

-w[arn[ings]]

[no]missingreturn

-w[arn[ings]]

[no]unusedexpr

Issues a warning message if a function that is defined to return a value has no return statement. This setting corresponds to the

#pragma warn_missingreturn

Issues a warning message if a statement does not change the program's state. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_no_side_effect

[no]extracomma |

[no]comma

Issues a warning message if a list in an enumeration terminates with a comma. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_extracomma

-w[arn[ings]] [no]structclass Issues a warning message if the class and struct keywords are used interchangeably in the definition and declaration of the same identifier in C++ source code. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_structclass

Comp. Empty -w[arn[ings]]

[no]empty[decl]

Issues a warning message if a declaration has no variable name. This setting corresponds to the

#pragma warn_emptydecl

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Tool IDE Options

Capitalization

Command-Line Options Notes

-w[arn[ings]] [no]filecaps Issues a warning message if the name of the file specified in a #include "file" directive uses different letter case from a file on disk. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_filenamecaps

Comp.

Comp.

Comp.

Pad Bytes Added *

Undefined Macro In #if *

*

Treat All Warnings As

Errors

-w[arn[ings]] [no]padding

-w[arn[ings]]

[no]undef[macro] in a #include <file> directive uses different letter case from a file on disk. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_filenamecaps_system

Issues a warning message when the compiler adjusts the alignment of components in a data structure. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_padding

Issues a warning message if an undefined macro appears in #if and #elif directives. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_undefmacro

-w[arn[ings]] [no]notinlined Issues a warning message if a call to a function defined with the inline, __inline__, or __inline keywords could not be replaced with the function body. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warn_notinlined

-w[arn[ings]] [no]err[or] |

[no]iserr[or]

Issues warning messages as error messages. This option corresponds to the

#pragma warning_errors

4.4. C/C++ Assembler Settings Panel

Figure 6. C/C++ Assembler Settings Panel

Table 6. Command-Line Options for C/C++ Assembler Settings Panel

Tool IDE Options Command-Line Options Notes

Asm Labels Must End With ':'

-[no]colons

If enabled, assembler labels must end with a “:”.

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Tool IDE Options

Asm Directives Begin With '.'

Command-Line Options

-[no]period

Asm Case Sensitive Identifiers -[no]case

Notes

If enabled, assembler labels must end with “:”.

If enabled, assembler identifiers are case sensitive.

Asm Allow Space In Operand

Field

Asm GNU Compatible Syntax

-[no]space

-[no]gccdep[ends]

If enabled, assembler allows space in operand field.

Asm

Asm

Generate Listing File

Prefix File

-list

-prefix file

If set, write dependency file with name and location based on output file.

A listing file contains file source along with line numbers, relocation information, and macro expansions.

The Prefix File text box specifies a prefix file that is automatically included in all assembly files in the project.

5. Code Generation Settings

Figure 7. Global Optimization Settings Panel

Table 7. Command-Line Options for Global Optimization Settings

Tool IDE Options Command-Line Options Notes

Comp. Faster Execution Speed -opt speed or -Op Optimize object code for speed (but code size is usually large).

This option corresponds to the

#pragma optimize_for_size on

Comp. Smaller Code Size -opt space or -Os

-opt off or -O0

This option is selected when you want to optimize size (but speed slowly).

This option corresponds to the

#pragma optimize_for_size off

Global Register Allocation Only For Temporary Values.

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Tool IDE Options

Comp. Level 1

Comp. Level 2

Comp. Level 3

Comp. Level 4

Command-Line Options Notes

This option corresponds to the

#pragma optimization_level 0

-opt l=1 or -O1 O0 + Dead Code Elimination + Branch and Arithmetic

Optimizations + Peephole Optimization.

This option corresponds to the

#pragma optimization_level 1

-opt l=2 or -O2 O1 + Common Subexpression

Elimination + Copy and Expression Propagation + Stack

Frame Compression + Stack Alignment + Fast Floating-

Point to Integer Conversions.

This option corresponds to the

#pragma optimization_level 2

-opt l=3 or -O3

-opt l=4 or -O4

O2 + Dead Store Elimination + Live Range Splitting +

Loop-Invariant Code Motion + Loop Transformations +

Loop Unrolling + Strength Reduction + Loop Vectorization

+ Lifetime-Based Register Allocation + Instruction

Scheduling.

This option corresponds to the

#pragma optimization_level 3

O3 + more comprehensive optimizations from levels 1 and

2.

This option corresponds to the

#pragma optimization_level 4

5.2. EPPC Processor Settings Panel

Figure 8. EPPC Processor Settings Panel

Table 8. Command-Line Options for EPPC Processor Settings

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Tool IDE Options Command-Line Options Notes

-align power[pc] | 68K … The value for this option should always be PowerPC to conform to the PowerPC EABI and interoperate with thirdparty object code. Other settings may lead to reduced performance or alignment violation exceptions.

Comp. Function

Asm.

Comp.

Linker

Comp.

Linker

Comp.

Processor

Floating Point

Vector Support

-func_align 4..128

-proc Zen | generic…

If the core is capable of fetching multiple instructions at a time, you may achieve slightly better performance by aligning functions to the width of the fetch. This option corresponds to the

#pragma function_align

Use the Processor list box to specify the target processor.

For MPC55xx/MPC56xx the Processor value should be

Zen.

-fp none none|off

This selection specifies how the compiler handles floatingpoint operations in your code. The Runtime and MSL libraries must match with the option used. soft[ware] hard[ware] efpu|spfp dpfp spfp_only

-vector on|off…

-spe_vector

-spe_addl_vector

-spe2_vector

If you want to allow vector instructions for your processor, select a vector type that your processor supports.

Currently, only the Altivec and SPE vector units are supported.

Comp. Make Strings ReadOnly -rostr | -readonlystrings

Comp.

Constants

Pool Data

Constants

-str nopool

-pool[data] on | off

-flag merge_float_consts str nopool

Make string constants read-only. This option corresponds to the

#pragma readonly_strings

This option instructs the compiler not to pool the identical string constants, so that linker will do the work to deadstrip the unreferenced string.

Instruct the compiler to organize some of the data in the large data sections of .data , .bss, and .rodata so that the program can access it more quickly.

This allows the linker to merge the floating-point constants automatically. This option corresponds to the

#pragma fp_constants_merge

Comp. Use Common Section

Comp.

Comp.

Use LMW & STMW

Inlined Assembler Is

Volatile

-common on | off

-use_lmw_stmw on | off

-[no]volatileasm

If on the compiler places global uninitialized data in the common section.

LMW / STMW (Load / Store Multiple Word) is a single

PowerPC instruction that loads/stores a group of registers;

The compiler sometimes uses these instructions in a function's prologue and epilogue to save and restore volatile registers.

This option corresponds to the

#pragma use_lmw_stmw

Check to have the compiler treat all asm blocks (including inline asm blocks) as if the volatile keyword was present.

This prevents the asm block from being optimized. This option corresponds to the

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Tool IDE Options Command-Line Options Notes

#pragma volatileasm

Comp. Instruction Scheduling -schedule on | off If on (checked), scheduling of instructions is optimized for the specific processor you are targeting (determined by which processor is selected in the Processor list box)

Enabling the Instruction Scheduling can make source-level debugging more difficult. This option corresponds to the

#pragma schedule

Comp.

Comp.

Peephole Optimization

Profiler Information

-opt [no]peep[hole]

-profile on | off

Enables peephole optimization.This option corresponds to the

#pragma peephole

Generates calls to a function entry and exit for use with a profiler. This option corresponds to the

#pragma profile

Comp.

Comp.

Relax HW IEEE -[no]relax_ieee

Use Fused Multi-

Add/Sub

The Relax HW IEEE checkbox is available only if you select Hardware from the Floating Point list box.

-fp_contract | -maf on | off Turn this option on to generate PowerPC Fused Multi-

Add/Sub instructions, which result in smaller and faster floating-point code.

Instruction

-use_fsel on | off Turn this option on to generate the faster executing FSEL instruction. The FSEL option allows the compiler to optimize the pattern x = (condition ? y : z), where x and y are floating-point values.

Compares

Instructions

-[no-]ordered-fp-compares Enables the compiler to ignore issues with unordered numbers, such as NAN, while comparing floating point values.

-vector [no]vrsave The VRSAVE register indicates to the operating system, which vector registers to save and reload when a context switch happens.

Comp. Altivec Structure Moves -[no]altivec_move_block

Instruction

-use_isel on | off

Controls the use of Altivec instructions to optimize block moves.

Do not turn on this option if the Power Architecture processor of your target platform does not implement the

Freescale ISEL APU.

Asm.

Comp.

Linker

Generate VLE

Instructions

Comp. Translate PPC Asm to

VLE Asm

-vle

-ppc_asm_to_vle

Prompts the assembler, compiler and linker to generate and lay out Variable Length Encoded (VLE). This option sets the -processor Zen option

Sets the -processor Zen and enables VLE code generation in C/C++ files.

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5.3. EPPC Disassembler Settings Panel

Figure 9. EPPC Disassembler Settings Panel

Table 9. Command-Line Options for EPPC Disassembler Settings

Tool IDE Options Command-Line Options Notes

Linker Show Headers -show [no]headers Disassembled file lists any ELF header information in the disassembled output.

Symbol -show [no]tables

Linker Show Code Modules

Linker Use Extended

Mnemonics

Linker Show Source Code

Linker Only Show Operands and Mnemonics

Linker Show Data Modules

-show [no]code | -show

[no]text

-show [no]extended

-show [no]source

-show only|none

-show [no]data

Disassembler lists the symbol table for the disassembled module.

Disassembler provides ELF code sections in the disassembled output for a module.

Disassembler lists the extended mnemonics for each instruction for the disassembled module

Interleave the code disassembly with c/c++ source

Disassembler lists the offset for any functions in the disassembled module.

Disassembler provides ELF data sections (such as .rodata and .bss) in the disassembled output for a module.

Linker

Tables

Show DWARF Info -show [no]debug | -show

[no]dwarf

Linker Relocate DWARF Info -[no]relocate

-v[erbose]

Disassembler shows exception tables.

Disassembler includes DWARF symbol information in the disassembled output.

This option lets you relocate object and function addresses in the DWARF information (rela.text and .rela.debug)

Disassembler shows additional information about certain types of information in the ELF file.

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6. Linker Settings

6.1. EPPC Linker Settings Panel

Figure 10. EPPC Linker Settings Panel

Table 10. Command-Line Options for EPPC Linker Settings

Tool IDE Options Command-Line Options Notes

Linker Link Mode -linkmode lessram |

normal | moreram

Linking requires enough RAM space to hold all of the input files and the numerous structures that the linker uses for housekeeping. The housekeeping allocations occur before the linker writes the output file to the disk.

Linker Generate DWARF Info -sym off | on Instructs the linker to generate debugging information. The debugger information is included within the linked ELF file.

Linker Generate DWARF Info:

Use Full Path Names

Linker Generate Link Map: List

Closure

Linker Generate Link Map: List

Unused Objects

-sym full[path]

-map [filename]

-[no]listclosure

-[no]unused | -

[no]mapunused

To avoid problems while having the debugger locate your source code, clear the Use Full Path Names checkbox when building and debugging on different machines or platforms.

Generates link map file.

If enabled all the functions invoked by the starting point of the program are listed in the link map.

If enabled the linker includes unused objects in the link map.

This setting is useful in cases where you may discover that an object you expect to be used is not in use.

Linker Generate Link Map: List

DWARF Objects

-[no]listdwarf

If enabled list dwarf objects in map file.

Linker

16

Messages

Heap Address

-w[arn[ings]] off | on

-heapaddr addr_value

If on then linker do not to display warnings in the CodeWarrior message window.

Specifies the location in memory where the program heap resides. The heap is used if your program calls malloc or new.

If you do not call malloc or new, consider setting Heap Size

(k) to 0 to maximize the memory available for code, data, and the stack.

Exporting CodeWarrior IDE Build Tools Settings into Command-Line Tools Options Application Note

Freescale Semiconductor

Tool

Linker

Linker

Linker

Linker

Linker

Linker

IDE Options

Stack Address

Use Linker Command

File

Code Address

Data Address

Small Data

Small Data2

Linker Generate ROM Image:

RAM Buffer Address

Command-Line Options Notes

-stackaddr addr_value Specifies the location in memory where the program stack resides. Since the stack grows downward, it is common to place the stack as high as possible.

-lcf filename

-codeaddr addr_value

-dataaddr addr_value

-sdataaddr addr_value

Select/enable to have the segment addresses specified in a linker command file.

Specifies the location in memory where the executable code resides.

Specifies the location in memory where the global data of the program resides.

Data must reside in RAM.

If not checked/disabled, the linker calculates the data address to begin immediately following the read-only code and data

(.text, .rodata, extab and extabindex).

Specifies the location in memory where the small data section resides.

All types of data must reside in RAM.

If not checked/disabled, the linker calculates the small data address to begin immediately following the .data section.

-sdata2addr addr_value Specifies the location in memory where the small data2 section resides.

If not checked/disabled, the linker calculates the small data2 address to begin immediately following the .sbss section.

-rambuffer addr_value The CodeWarrior flash programmer does not use a separate

RAM buffer. As a result, if you use the CodeWarrior Flash

Programmer (or any other flash programmer that does not use a RAM buffer), the RAM Buffer Address must be equal to the ROM Image Address.

Linker Generate ROM Image:

ROM Image Address

-romaddr addr_value

Linker Generate S-Record File -srec [filename]

Linker

Linker

Linker

Sort S-Record

Max Length

Entry Point

Set address for ROM image.

-sortsrec

-sreclength max_length

-sreceol mac | dos | unix

-m[ain] symbol

Generate an S-Record file based on the application object image. This file has the same name as the executable file, but with a .mot extension. The linker generates S3 type S-

Records.

Sort S-record in ascending address order

The default value is 26.

Specifies length of S-record line.

Sets end-of-line separator for S-record file.

This is the starting point of the program

The default function is bootstrap or glue code that sets up the

PowerPC EABI environment before your code executes. This function is in the __start.c file.

The default value is __start.

6.2. EPPC Linker Options Settings Panel

Figure 11. EPPC Linker Options Settings Panel

Exporting CodeWarrior IDE Build Tools Settings into Command-Line Tools Options Application Note

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17

Table 11. Command-Line Options for EPPC Linker Options Settings

Tools IDE Option Command-Line Option Notes

-code_merging off | all | safe

Select code merging optimization.

Linker Aggressive aggressive Don't check if the functions addresses are used.

Enhance VLE enhance code merging optimization.

Linker Far to Near Addressing -[no]nofar_near_addressing Far to near addressing optimization.

Linker VLE Shorten Branches -[no]vle_bl_opt VLE shorten BL optimization.

7. MPC5674F Makefile Example

Listing 1. Sample Makefile for MPC5674F

#==============================================================================

# Makefile: Sample makefile for MPC5674F to work with Freescale CodeWarrior v2.x

#==============================================================================

#

# Note: This Makefile uses GNU make features and was tested using Cygwin

# tools. Visit http://www.cygwin.com to obtain these tools.

#

#==============================================================================

#!!!! Update this to the root of your CodeWarrior installation !!!!

CWROOT=c:/CW_MPC55xx

CW=$(CWROOT)/PowerPC_EABI_Tools/Command_Line_Tools

LIBROOT=$(CWROOT)/PowerPC_EABI_Support

MSLDIR = $(LIBROOT)/MSL/MSL_C/PPC_EABI/Lib

RTMDIR = $(LIBROOT)/Runtime/Lib

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Freescale Semiconductor

# MSL library selected

MSLLIB = MSL_C.PPCEABI.bare.V.UC.a

# Runtime library selected (should match with MSL lib)

RTMLIB = Runtime.PPCEABI.V.UC.a

CC = $(CW)/mwcceppc

AS = $(CW)/mwasmeppc

LD = $(CW)/mwldeppc

# Defautl to Flash target... ifndef TARGET

TARGET=Flash endif

# Note that we will build the RAM and FLASH versions with debug information

INCLUDES = -I- -ir $(CWROOT)/PowerPC_EABI_Support

# common linker and compiler options

CLOPTS = -proc Zen -char unsigned -fp SPFP -gdwarf-2 -sdata 71 -sdata2 127

# Compiler specific options

COPTS = $(CLOPTS) -c -DVLE_IS_ON=1 -vle -ppc_asm_to_vle -O4 -opt speed -pragma "schedule

750" -spe_vector -spe_addl_vector -RTTI off -wchar_t off -cpp_exceptions off -align powerpc use_lmw_stmw on -use_isel on -cwd include $(INCLUDES) -msgstyle GCC -ppopt BREAK, pragma -w unwanted

# assembler specific options

AOPTS = -c -gdwarf-2 -proc Zen $(INCLUDES)

# linker specific options

LOPTS = $(CLOPTS) -lr $(MSLDIR) -lr $(RTMDIR) -srec -map -code_merging all,aggressive far_near_addressing -vle_enhance_merging -vle_bl_opt

EXECUTABLE-RAM = test_RAM

EXECUTABLE-FLASH = test_Flash

# The output will be placed in...

O=bin

# Common objects...

OBJS = $(O)/main.o $(O)/MPC5674F_HWInit.o $(O)/IntcInterrupts.o $(O)/Exceptions.o

$(O)/__ppc_eabi_init.o

# Options for the Flash target... ifeq ($(TARGET),Flash)

LOPTS += -romaddr 0x00020000 -rambuffer 0x00020000

COPTS += -DROM_VERSION=1

TARG = $(O)/$(EXECUTABLE-FLASH).elf

LCF = LCF/MPC5674F.lcf

OBJS += $(O)/MPC55xx_init.o

EXTRA = @echo "Use make clean; make TARGET=RAM to produce the RAM version"

Exporting CodeWarrior IDE Build Tools Settings into Command-Line Tools Options Application Note

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19

# Options for the RAM target... else

TARG = $(O)/$(EXECUTABLE-RAM).elf

LCF = LCF/MPC5674F_DEBUG.lcf

OBJS += $(O)/MPC55xx_init_debug.o

EXTRA = @echo "Use make clean; make TARGET=Flash to produce the Flash version" endif

.SUFFIXES: .c .s

$(O)/%.o : Sources/%.c

$(CC) $(COPTS) -o $@ $<

$(O)/%.o : Sources/%.s

$(AS) $(AOPTS) -o $@ $< default: bindir $(TARG)

$(O)/$(EXECUTABLE-RAM).elf: $(OBJS)

$(LD) -lcf $(LCF) $(LOPTS) -l$(RTMLIB) -l$(MSLLIB) $^ -o $@

$(EXTRA)

$(O)/$(EXECUTABLE-FLASH).elf: $(OBJS)

$(LD) -lcf $(LCF) $(LOPTS) -l$(RTMLIB) -l$(MSLLIB) $^ -o $@

$(EXTRA)

# Create the directory if it doesn't exist

.PHONY: bindir bindir:

@test -d $(O) || mkdir -p $(O) clean:

@rm -rf $(O)

20

Exporting CodeWarrior IDE Build Tools Settings into Command-Line Tools Options Application Note

Freescale Semiconductor

How to Reach Us:

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E-mail: [email protected]

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Fax: 303-675-2150

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Document Number: AN4094

13 April 2010

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