Ferret Instruments VisionLink Color LabScope LabScope OPERATOR'S MANUAL

VisionLink™ Color LabScope

OPERATOR’S MANUAL

92

Table of Contents

Test & Measurements Specifi cations ......................... 2

Inputs/Outputs ........................................................... 2

Display Information .................................................... 2

Physical Information ................................................... 2

Replacement Parts ..................................................... 2

Introduction ................................................................ 3

Kit Contents ................................................................ 3

Warranty ..................................................................... 3

Technical Support ....................................................... 3

Keypad ....................................................................... 4

Screen Layout ............................................................ 5

5

Auxiliary Channel ........................................................ 5

Menu .......................................................................... 6

Trigger Modes ............................................................ 7

Cursors ....................................................................... 8

Using the Low Amps Probe ....................................... 8

Using the High Amps Probe ....................................... 8

Using the Battery Voltage Measurment ...................... 8

Using 3rd Party Adapters ........................................... 8

LinkPort ...................................................................... 8

Setup Examples ....................................................9-11

Fuel Injector Volts ............................................... 9

Fuel Injector Volts & Amps ................................. 9

Fuel Pump Waveform ......................................... 9

Ignition Parade Pattern ..................................... 10

Single Cylinder Ignition ..................................... 10

Ignition KV, Fuel Injection, Primary Amps ......... 10

Oxygen Sensor ................................................. 11

TPS Sensor, Triggered ...................................... 11

TPS Sensor, Not Triggered ............................... 11

Using the Ignition Adapter ........................................ 12

Tips & Techniques .................................................... 13

Using Presets ........................................................... 14

Installing a new CF Card .......................................... 15

Labscope Tutorial ..................................................... 16

Using the USB Thumb Drive .................................... 23

© Copyright 2005, GxT, Inc., All Rights Reserved

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Test & Measurement Specifi cations

Sampling Rate ...............

Bandwidth ........................

1.6 Mhz

1 Mhz

Time Base (Stated as Per Division) ......................................................................................50 µS / Div. to 1 S / Div.

Time Base (Stated as Time on the Screen) ........................................................................................500 µS to 10 S

Volts Range ......

Max Voltage ...........

Accuracy ...........

Trigger .........................

500mV to 100 V

+/- 100 Volts

0.7% Accuracy

Any Input

Trigger Types ...............................................None, Up Slope, Down Slope, Cylinder #1, RPM (Variable Time Base)

Input Coupling ............

AC or DC

Cursors ...........

Time and Voltage

Inputs/Outputs

BNC 1 ..............

BNC 2 ..............

BNC 3 ..............

BNC 4 ..............

Differential Input

Differential Input

Differential Input

Differential Input

RPM Pickup .

5 Pin Din, Inductive

Low Amps Probe ..........................................................................................................................5 Pin Din, 0 to 20A

High Amps Probe .......................................................................................................................5 Pin Din, 0 to 600A

Battery Volts ...........

0 to 20 Volts

Power 5-Pin Din, 12 Volt Battery

Expansion Port ....................................................................................................................... USB, RS232, CANbus

Program Memory ....................................................................................................................... CompactFlash Card

Display Information

Display Type ...................................................................................................SuperTwist LCD with CCFT Backlight

Display Size ...............................................................................................................8” Color VGA 640 x 480 Pixels

Refresh Rate .............................................................................................................................. 30 Frames / Second

Physical Dimensions

Case Size ............

Weight ......................

11 x 10 x 3 in.

10 Pounds

Power Requirements .......................................................................................................................... 12 Volt Battery

Replacement Parts

Spark Pickup ................

Low Amps Probe ..........

High Amps Probe .........

Power Lead .................

X008-01

X926-00

X000-02

W004-02

Extension Lead for 5 Pin Din ....................................................................................................................... W000-03

Yellow Test Lead ..........

W090-94

Green Test Lead ..........

Red Test Lead .............

W090-96

W090-92

Blue Test Lead .............

Black Test Clip ..............

Yellow Test Clip ............

Green Test Clip .............

Red Test Clip ................

Blue Test Clip ...............

Set of 4 Ferret Claws ....

Black Test Prod ............

Red Test Prod ...............

KV Adapter ...................

KV Lead .......................

Storage Case ................

W090-98

S011-30

S011-34

S011-36

S011-32

S011-38

V911-01

S011-20

S011-22

V953-01

W020-42

X092-09

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Introduction

The VisionLink lapscope is the latest in labcope developments. The VisionLink is equipped with a backlit 8” Color LCD screen capable of displaying full VGA color at 640 x 480 pixels. Each of the 4 scope channels has a differential input to guard against noise and false signals. Differential leads also allow for easy measurement of vastly different signal types without damage to the engine or labscope. Simple but powerfull user interface makes this unit easy to master.

A compact fl ash card contains operating software, waveform library, and room for storing waveforms. Use the cursor keys to accurately and quickly measure voltage and time.

Kit Contents

The VisonLink comes in a kit that inlcudes a Low Amps Probe, High Amps Probe,

Spark Pickup, 10 cyl ignition adapter, 4 test leads, two test prods, a set of Ferret claws, and an assortment of clips.

Warranty

FERRET BRAND LIMITED PRODUCT WARRANTY

GxT, Inc. of Cheboygan Michigan, warrants to the original purchaser that FERRET brand products are free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of two years from date of purchase. Our sole obligation for a product within the above warranties will be to repair or replace, at our option, any defective parts and return the product to the sender within the U.S.A., shipping prepaid, if it is sent to our Repair Department shipping prepaid and accompanied by proof of purchase.

This Warranty does not apply to products which have been altered outside the factory; or repaired by anyone other than the factory or its authorized service centers; or which have been damaged from accidents, negligence, or abuse; or have been used differently than described in the printed instructions. Please note that wear and tear on leads and replacement of consumable items such as: NOx Sensors, Oxygen Sensors, and paper, is not covered by warranty.

GxT Inc.’s sole liability and buyer’s exclusive remedy is limited to repair or replacement of the product as stated in the

Limited Product Warranty. THERE ARE NO OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING THOSE

OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND GxT, INC. SHALL NOT BE LIABLE

FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE SALE OR USE OF THE PRODUCT.

Some states do not allow limitations on the length of implied warranties nor exclusion or limitations of incidental or consequential damages, so that the above limitations and/or exclusion may not apply to you.

This warranty gives you specifi c legal rights and you may also have other rights which may vary from state to state.

Technical Support

Questions or inquiries about service can be answered by contacting GxT, Inc., at:

Toll Free (800) 627-5655. Fax: (231) 627-2727, Toll Free (231) 782-0616, or [email protected]

When sending an item to the factory address it to:

GxT, Inc., 520 MM Riggs Drive., Cheboygan, MI 49721-1061

Include a note describing the problem.

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Keypad

HELP

Pressing the help button will show context sensitive help. This is a great way to remind yourself what functions are available.

MENU

Pressing the Menu button will bring up a menu to access the scope channel and display setups, or access the general scope or ignition scope

Up/Down (Next to the Menu Button)

Used to select the input used in the auxiliary channel (Lo Amps, Hi Amps, or Battery voltage). When the menu is displayed, the up and down arrows allow you to navigate through the menu selections.

NEXT

Pressing this button confi rms the menu selection. If you are using the RPM trigger, pressing this button toggles between 2 cycle and 4 cycle mode.

HOLD

Pressing the Hold button freezes the display and activates the cursors.

CHANNEL SELECT

Press the Channel select button to move from channel to channel. Hold the button down to toggle a channel on or off.

REFERENCE

Please see page 14 for details on how to use the reference button

VOLTS SCALE Up/Down

Press the up and down buttons change the voltage range displayed on the screen. Press both buttons at the same time to change from DC coupling with ground in the middle, to AC coupling, to DC coupling with ground at the bottom.

TIME BASE Left/Right

Press the time base buttons to increase or decrease the amount of time shown on the screen.

TRIGGER LEVEL Up/Down

Press the trigger buttons to change the trigger levels. Press both buttons at the same time to change the type of trigger. Trigger selections are: None, Up Slope, Down Slope, Cyl #1, and RPM. When in Cyl #1 or RPM mode, the trigger level determines when peak detection is turned on.

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Screen Layout

Channel Menu

NEL SELECT button will cause the green selection bar to move from channel to channel.

Left Legend

The legend on the left side of the displayed channel indicates the Channel Number, Voltage Range, AC or

DC Coupling, and where the ground is located. The voltage range indicates the maximum range that will be displayed on the screen.

Message Area

Any messages or warning will be displayed in this area.

Right Legend

The legend on the right side of the displayed channel indicates the Channel Number, the Time base, Trigger type, and trigger level. The time indicated on the screen is the total amount of time displayed. There are

10 divisions on the screen.

Turning Channels on and Off

You can display any combination of 1 to 4 channels on the screen at any time. Use the CHANNEL SELECT Button and the Channel Menu to select the channel you want to turn on. Hold down the CHANNEL SELECT key to activate the channel. If you want to turn a channel off, use the channel select button to select a channel that is on. Hold the CHANNEL SELECT button down to turn the channel off. You cannot turn off all of the channels. At least one channel will be displayed on the screen at all times.

Auxiliary Channel

The auxiliary channel is the 5th selection found in the Channel Menu. To activate the auxiliary channel, use the

CHANNEL SELECT button highlight the Auxiliary Channel. Use the Menu arrow keys to select Lo Amps, Amps, or

Battery Voltage. Press and Hold the CHANNEL SELECT button to turn on the auxiliary channel on. To change what is displayed on the auxiliary channel, turn off the auxiliary channel, use the arrow keys to select a different function, then turn on the display. Only one auxiliary function can be displayed at any one time. If 4 channels are displayed on the screen and you turn on the Auxiliary Channel, the Auxiliary Channel will take the place of channel 4.

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Menu

The menu is a way to change the characteristics of the display, any individual channel, or select ignition or the general purpose scope.

When you fi rst press the Menu Button four selections will appear on the screen:

Setup Scope Channel

Setup Display

General - Purpose Scope

Ignition Scope

Use the arrow keys to highlight the selection you want to use, then press the NEXT key to do what you have selected. Pressing the MENU button will return you to the live screen. At any time you can press and hold the

MENU key to return to the live display.

Setup Scope Channel

When this menu function is selected, the following selections will be displayed on the screen:

Channel Number [1]

Coupling (AC/DC) [DC]

Ground Position [MID]

Select Trigger Mode

To make changes using this menu, use the up and down arrow keys to highlight your selection, then press

NEXT to make the change. Pressing the MENU key will cause you to exit this menu and return to the previous menu. When Trigger Mode is selected you will be given a list of trigger types. Use the arrow keys to make your selection, then press the MENU key to return to the previous Menu.

Setup Display

This menu gives you control over the brightness, contrast, and background color for the display. Use the arrow keys to highlight your selection, then press the NEXT key to make your changes. Two different Background colors are supported. The Dark scheme is best for areas with good to poor lighting. The Light scheme is best when outside on a clear day.

General Purpose Scope

When you make this selection you will be returned to the general purpose scope display.

Ignition Scope

This is a preset that will set Channel 1 to use the KV adapter, and activate the low amps auxiliary channel.

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Trigger Modes

Understanding and applying a trigger is the most powerful function of any labscope. The VisionLink supports many different and unique triggers. Make sure you take the time to apply each one and understand how each one can help you locate a problem. Only one trigger can be used at any time. Any trigger mode can be applied to any channel.

None

When this trigger is used, the scope is actually triggering itself continuously. Sometimes it is best to use this trigger to catch a glimpse of the waveform to help you select the most appropriate trigger. At timebases of greater than

1 second, the scope will update the screen using a rolling mode from left to right. This is the best trigger to use when checking sensors like the TPS sensor.

Up Slope

This trigger is displayed on the screen as

↑

Trig. You can use the trigger arrows to change the voltage level used to trigger. When this trigger is selected, the scope uses the trigger voltage level and watches for the waveform to move up from that voltage. When it does, the pattern is drawn on the screen. The actual trigger point is marked by a small white diamond on the trace itself.

Down Slope

This trigger is displayed on the screen as

↓

Trig. You can use the trigger arrows to change the voltage level used to trigger. When this trigger is selected, the scope uses the trigger voltage level and watches for the waveform to move down from that voltage. When it does, the pattern is drawn on the screen. The actual trigger point is marked by a small white diamond on the trace itself.

Cyl #1

This trigger used the Red Spark Pickup as an external trigger. While the trigger symbol suggests that the red pickup be connected to Cylinder #1, it can be connected to any cylinder you wish. The time base is adjustable by the user. Whatever channel you have this trigger attached to will activate the peak detect function. The peak detect is good for displaying the ignition pattern. The trigger level arrows can be used to change the level of the peak detect software. If you keep the peak detect level at or close to ground you will get a good looking ignition pattern. If you set the peak detect above the pattern being displayed, it will have the effect of squelching the ignition pattern except where a peak is detected above the set peak detect level.

RPM

This trigger is used when you want one engine cycle displayed on the screen, no matter what the RPM. When displaying ignition waveforms on a 6 cylinder (for example), when using the RPM trigger you will see 6 cylinders and part of cylinder 1 again at the end of the pattern. If you rev the engine up and down, the patter stays stable and only the proper number of cylinders are displayed. When using this mode, the RPM is calculated and displayed in place of the timebase. Use the NEXT key to toggle between 2 cycle and 4 cycle. The trigger level arrows can be used to change the level of the peak detect software. If you keep the peak detect level at or close to ground you will get a good looking ignition pattern. If you set the peak detect above the pattern being displayed, it will have the effect of squelching the ignition pattern expect where a peak is detected above the set peak detect level.

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Cursors

Cursors are activated whenever the hold button is pressed. Cursors are only active on the selected channel. You can use the cursors to accurately measure the voltage level and time base of any displayed waveform. Press the HOLD key to freeze the readings on the screen.

Use the voltage and time base keys to move cursors around on the screen to make detailed measurements of the waveform. If it is on the screen, you can measure it! Use the NEXT key to lock one or both cursor positions on the screen.

Using the Low Amps Probe

The low amps probe can be used to measure fuel injector amperage waveforms, primary ignition current waveforms, fuel pump waveforms, or any other current sources where appropriate. The Low amps probe can measure up to 20 amps. The low amps probe plugs directly into the scope.

There are no batteries in the low amps probe, all power is provided by the scope. To activate the low amps probe, use the CHANNEL SELECT button to select the auxiliary channel located next to Channel 4 in the Channel Menu.

Use the menu arrow keys until LoA is displayed in the auxiliary channel. Press and Hold the CHANNEL SELECT button to turn the low amps channel on.

Using the High Amps Probe

The high amps probe can be used to measure starter draw or alternator output. The high amps probe can measure from 1 amp to 600 amps. The high amps probe plugs directly into the scope. There are no batteries in the high amps probe, all power is provided by the scope. To activate the high amps probe, use the CHANNEL SELECT button to select the auxiliary channel located next to Channel 4 in the Channel Menu. Use the menu arrow keys until Amps is displayed in the auxiliary channel. Press and Hold the CHANNEL SELECT button to turn the amps channel on.

Using the Battery Voltage Measurement

The battery voltage channel uses the power leads to measure the battery voltage. To activate the battery voltage channel, use the CHANNEL SELECT button to select the auxiliary channel located next to Channel 4 in the Channel

Menu. Use the menu arrow keys until Batt is displayed in the auxiliary channel. Press and Hold the CHANNEL

SELECT button to turn the battery voltage channel on.

Using 3rd Party Adapters

adapter (Ferret P/N S013-05) shown here.

LinkPort

Located on the back of the VisionLink is a custom port that can be used to store waveforms on an PC. The LinkPort supports USB, RS-232, and CANbus protocols. A custom adapter needs to be purchased to interface to a USB or RS-232. Do not connect any other cables to this port, other than those cables specifi ed by Ferret. Connecting an RJ-45 cable to this port may damage the unit and void the warranty.

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Setup Example - Fuel Injector

In this example Channel 1 is used to connect directly to a fuel injector. Make sure both the ground and sense leads for the channel have a good signal.

Setup Characteristics:

Channel 1

Voltage ......................DC Coupled, Ground at the Bottom, 100V

Time Base .......................................................................... 12 ms

Trigger .......................................Channel 1, down slope, 400 mV

You can use the hold mode and cursors to accurately measure the on time and peak voltage. Once you have this set up for one injector, it is very easy to move from injector to injector to measure their performance.

Setup Example - Fuel Injector Volts & Amps

In this example Channel 2 is used to connect directly to a fuel injector, and the auxiliary Lo Amps probe is used to measure the current ramp. Make sure both the ground and sense leads for channel 2 have a good signal.

Setup Characteristics:

Channel 2

Voltage ......................DC Coupled, Ground at the Bottom, 100V

Time Base .......................................................................... 12 ms

Trigger ............................................Channel 2, down slope, 2.4V

Lo Amps Auxiliary Channel

Amperage ..................................................DC Coupled, 5 Amps

This setup allows you to look at the voltage and amperage waveform at the same time.

Setup Example - Fuel Pump Waveform

In this example only the low amps probe is used. It is connected to the wire that supplies battery power to the fuel pump.

Setup Characteristics:

Lo Amps Auxiliary Channel

Amperage .......................................................... AC Coupled, 5A

Time Base .......................................................................... 20 ms

Trigger ......................................................................... No Trigger

The fuel pump was turned on and the following waveform was displayed. The hold mode was engaged and the cursors were used to measure the amount of AC ripple and the total time of one revolution of the pump.

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Setup Example - Ignition Parade Pattern

This example uses the Ignition Scope mode found in the main menu. The Lo Amps Probe is connected to the wire that supplies battery voltage to the coil pack. The ignition adapter is connected to Channel 1. The spark pickup is connected around #1 cylinder spark plug wire.

Setup Characteristics:

Channel 1

Voltage ........................ DC Coupled, Ground in the Middle, 1.5V

Time Base ........................... Variable due to the trigger selection

Trigger ..........................................................RPM Mode, 2 Cycle

Lo Amps Auxiliary Channel

Amperage ...........DC Coupled, Ground at the Bottom, 10 Amps

When using the RPM trigger the scope does several things for you. First of all, peak detect mode is turned on and is used on the cylinder that the RPM trigger is attached. Peak detect makes sure you see the fi ring peak for that cylinder. The time base is being constantly altered so you only see the proper number of cylinders on the screen. You can rev the engine up and down as fast as you want, but the scope will only display 6 cylinders. In the example above a 6 cylinder car is being tested. You see 6 cylinders and the beginning of #1 again at the very end of the screen. This is normal. You can use the Hold function and activate the cursors to measure any part of the waveform.

Setup Example - Ignition Single Cylinder

The setup and leads used are the same as the Ignition Parade

Pattern. The only change is the choice of the trigger.

Setup Characteristics:

Channel 1

Voltage ........................ DC Coupled, Ground in the Middle, 1.5V

Time Base ..........................................................................25 mS

Trigger ........................................................................Cylinder #1

Lo Amps Auxiliary Channel

Amperage ...........DC Coupled, Ground at the Bottom, 20 Amps

You can move the number one pickup from cylinder to cylinder to pick out individual cylinders for closer inspection.

Setup Example - Ignition and Fuel

In this example we are viewing the relationship between the fuel injector pulse and the ignition system performance.

Setup Characteristics:

Channel 1

Voltage ........................ DC Coupled, Ground in the Middle, 1.5V

Time Base ........................... Variable due to the trigger selection

Trigger ..........................................................RPM Mode, 2 Cycle

Channel 2

Voltage .......................DC Coupled, Ground on the Bottom, 80V

Lo Amps Auxiliary Channel

Amperage ...........DC Coupled, Ground at the Bottom, 20 Amps

This is a great way to see the interaction between fuel injection signals and ignition signals.

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In this example, Channel #1 is connected to the Oxygen Sensor signal lead, and the ground lead is attached to the body of the

Oxygen Sensor.

Setup Example - Oxygen Sensor

Setup Characteristics:

Channel 1

Voltage ........................ DC Coupled, Ground in the Middle, 2.0V

Time Base .................................................................10 Seconds

Trigger ................................................................................. None

The engine was warmed up and run at about 1500 RPM. This pattern is from an older vehicle. This is an example of using a time base greater than 1 second to watch slow signals. Other variations of this would be to move the ground to the bottom of the screen, selecting a lower voltage range, or using the other channels to watch more than one oxygen sensor at a time.

Setup Example - TPS Sensor

There are two different setups that are presented here to point out the fact that there is more than one way to capture or view a waveform. Both examples are using Channel 1. The ground wire is connected to ground near the TPS sensor, and the sense lead is connected to the TPS signal.

Setup Characteristics:

Channel 1

Voltage ..........................DC Coupled, Ground at the Bottom, 5V

Time Base ...................................................................4 Seconds

Trigger ................................................................................. None

In this example, the trace will move across the screen and when you open the throttle you will see the voltage increase and decrease. If you do not press the hold button, the display will overwrite what is on the screen. In the following example the trigger is used to capture the waveform on the screen. Either way works well to capture the waveform.

It is a matter of your personal preference.

Setup Characteristics:

Channel 1

Voltage ..........................DC Coupled, Ground at the Bottom, 5V

Time Base ............................................................800 mSeconds

Trigger .............................................................Up Slope, 900 mV

In this example the scope would not display anything until the signal moving above 900 mV takes place. Once the trigger is hit, the screen will display 800 mS worth of data on the screen.

This pattern will remain until another trigger is detected. This means that you can open and close the throttle without the need to actually watch the display.

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Using the Ignition System Adapter

For use on DIS systems:

1. From the main menu select, “Ignition Scope” and then press “Next”. This setting will dedicate the lower 2/3 of the display to channel 1 and the upper 1/3 to the Low Amps channel. The RPM Trigger will be active allowing you to view steady secondary voltage and primary amps parade patterns on channels 1 and 2 respectively.

2. Connect the Secondary Ignition adapter to channel 1 using the BNC cable (included) and the ground clip on the adapter to a good ground. Connect the Cyl#1 pickup to the #1 plug wire and the low amps probe around the wire that feeds B+ to coil(s)). Switch the adapter on. (The adapter will turn off after 5 minutes to prolong battery life.)

3. Set one of the polarity switches on the adapter to positive and the other to negative. Press the “Next” key on the scope to switch the indicator found at the lower right corner of display to “2C”. Connect all spark leads to plug wires and then connect them to the adapter using one of the two following methods.

A. With engine running, plug one spark lead into any connector on the adapter. Plug the spark lead for the opposing cylinder into any connector on the opposite bank of the adapter. If the patterns appear to be inverted, reverse the positions of both polarity switches. Continue connecting the spark pickups by pairs in the same manner. If after connecting a pair of spark leads their patterns are inverted, swap them on the adapter.

B. Connect spark leads for positive fi ring cylinders to one bank of the adapter and negative fi ring leads to the opposite bank. If the patterns are inverted reverse the positions of both polarity switches. On most applications the fi rst half of the fi ring order is positive fi ring and the last half negative fi ring.

4. Adjust Volt Scale setting for best view. If any of the fi ring spikes appear light blue in color increase Volt Scale setting. (1 volt = 10KV.)

For use on Distributor type systems:

1. From the main menu select, “Ignition Scope” and then press “Next”. This setting will dedicate the lower 2/3 of the display to channel 1 and the upper 1/3 to the Low Amps channel. The RPM Trigger will be active allowing you to view steady secondary voltage and primary amps parade patterns on channels 1 and 2 respectively.

2. Connect the Secondary Ignition adapter to channel 1 using the BNC cable (included) and the ground clip on the adapter to a good ground. Connect the Cyl#1 pickup to the #1 plug wire and the low amps probe around the wire that feeds B+ to coil(s)). Switch the adapter on. (The adapter will turn off after 5 minutes to prolong battery life.)

3. Connect one spark lead to coil wire and then to any connector on the ignition adapter. (Use coil-in-cap adapter if needed.) If pattern is inverted reverse the polarity switch for the bank you are connected to. Check to be sure the indicator found at the bottom right of the display reads, “4C”. Use the “Next key to change it if it doesn’t.

4. Adjust Volt Scale setting for best view. If any of the fi ring spikes appear light blue in color increase Volt Scale setting. (1 volt = 10KV.)

To look at a single cylinder:

Press both “Trigger Level” keys simultaneously to cycle through trigger options until Cyl#1 is selected. Connect the #1 Cyl pickup to the plug wire of the cylinder you want to view. Adjust time base as needed for best view.

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Tips & Techniques

You will fi nd addition information here that will help you make the best possible measurements. You do not need to spend time trying to interpret a waveform that is the result of a bad connection or noise.

Setting the proper Time Base

You should adjust the time base to display one full cycle of the waveform on the screen at one time. Having more than one complete cycle on the screen will make the pattern smaller than necessary and will cause you to spend time looking at parts of the waveform that are not necessary. In the case of a Fuel Injector waveform you need a time base that only shows one fuel injector waveform on the screen.

Setting the proper Voltage Range

The waveform should be displayed with the lowest possible voltage range without the pattern displaying an over range indication. Any portion of the waveform that over ranges will be drawn in a light blue color. If you get a waveform that is over ranging, simply increase the voltage range until the light blue trace goes away. Another way view the voltage range is to increase the voltage range until you get an over range indication, then reduce the voltage range.

Using the Channel 1 through 4 Test Leads

Each analog channel has a differential input. That means you have a ground lead and a sense lead for each channel.

Having a separate ground for each channel keeps outside noise to a minimum and protects the component being measured on Channel 1 from being infl uenced to damaged by signals from any other channel. When you are looking for a ground location, please ground the test lead as close to the test point as possible.

Using the Low Amps Probe

The low amps probe was designed for use on ignition circuits and for measuring low current draws. It is best used in conjunction with other test techniques. Should you require a higher degree of resolution, you can connect any 3rd party amps probe to the analog input channels. With this release of the software, there is no way to zero the amp probe. If you want an absolute measurement, press HOLD and use the cursors for an accurate measurement.

Using the High Amps Probe

The High Amps probe was designed for use on starting and charging circuits. With this release of the software, there is no way to zero the amp probe. If you want an absolute measurement, press HOLD and use the cursors for an accurate measurement.

Using the Spark Pickup

The Spark Pickup will connect around any spark plug wire. This pickup must be used when using the Cylinder #1 or RPM trigger. The pickup should be connected to the spark plug wire with the spark plug side of the pickup facing the spark plug. If the RPM is not stable, fl ip the pickup over or move the pickup to the other end of the circuit.

If you are connected close to the spark plug, move the pickup close to the coil or distributor. If you are connected close to the distributor or coil, move the pickup close to the spark plug.

Using the Ignition Adapter

The ignition adapter has the capability to test up to 10 cylinders. At the top of each row of inputs is a polarity switch.

This will help you get a good pattern on Distributor, C.O.P., or Double ended coil systems. On double ended coil systems it is best if you connect two coils at a time to the adapter. Make sure the adapter is turned on and the power indicator is illuminated. When using the ignition adapter, the KV readings will be 10 times the voltage. For example if the voltage range is 1.5 volts, the maximum KV displayed would be 15 KV.

Power Leads

For the best possible pattern, power the analyzer from the vehicle’s battery. If you are unable to connect to a battery, you can use an AC adapter to supply power to the unit. It is best not to use the AC adapter while testing engine components with the engine running.

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Using Presets

Scope Channel Presets:

The Ferret 92 LabScope has more than 45 presets for sensor and actuator tests. Each preset includes a sample waveform that may be viewed by pressing the “Reference” key once a preset has been attached to a scope channel.

Attaching a Preset:

If multiple channels are active the preset will be attached to the channel highlighted in the Channel Menu at the bottom left of display. Select the desired channel and press the “Reference” key. Select a preset from the menu using menu arrow keys to scroll through selections. Once the desired preset is highlighted, press the “Next” key.

After you hear the tone, press the “Menu” key to return to sampling mode.

When a preset is attached to a scope channel, a blue tab will appear in the upper right corner of the channel identifying the selected preset. You may attach presets to multiple channels by following the above instructions for each channel.

Changing a Preset:

To change or remove a preset, select the desired channel and press the “Menu” key. Select “Setup Scope Channel” and press the “Next” key. Select “Select Preset” and press the “Next” key. Select the desired preset and then press and hold the “Menu” key for 2 seconds to return to sampling mode.

Amps Presets:

Presets for amps tests will be followed by either “920” or “(amps setting)”. If followed by “920” an optional adapter

(Ferret 920) is needed. If followed by (amps setting) select either “Amps” or “Lo-A” as applicable from the auxiliary channel menu and activate the auxiliary channel. Select the parenthesized setting as you would select voltage scale before attaching the preset.

Note:

Due to the variety of different component types used for similar applications, the sample waveform included with a preset may not match the component you are testing. In most cases the settings will be useable and, if not, all keys are active so you can make any necessary adjustments.

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Installing a new Compact Flash Card

To install the new compact fl ash card, you will need a Phillips screwdriver, the compact fl ash card and power for the analyzer. You can use a vehicle’s battery, or the optional AC power supply.

Step 1

Remove the 4 screws holding the back panel in place. Then remove the back panel.

Step 2

Locate the compact fl ash card and remove it. Install the new compact fl ash card. It will only go in one way, and takes gentle pressure to seat the card.

Step 3

Reattach the back panel and apply power to the labscope.

Step 4

Press the Menu button to bring up the selection menu

Step 5

Press the Help and Hold buttons at the same time. This will bring up a hidden menu.

Step 6

Use the arrow keys to select Reprogram DSP. Press the NEXT button. The screen should dramatically change contrast to the point you cannot read what is on the screen. If the screen looks the same, press the NEXT button again. Wait a few minutes until the DSP is reprogrammed and the labscope reboots.

Step 7

Perform Step 4 and 5 again to get to the hidden menu. Use the arrow keys to select Restore Factory Defaults. Press the NEXT button.

This will take about a minute. When the analyzer is fi nished, it will beep. You are done reprogramming the labscope.

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LabScope Basics

Application:

A LabScope, or Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO), performs only one basic function. It displays voltage over a period of time. Think of your LabScope as a voltmeter, connected to a VCR, which in turn is connected to a television.

Like a voltmeter, it receives voltage inputs. Like a VCR, it records and stores the inputs. Like a Television, it displays the inputs. Because it records and stores inputs before displaying them, electrical events that occur in less than a thousandth of a second can be displayed in detail.

Although the LabScope only displays voltage, it can be used in conjunction with various accessories and a good working knowledge of electricity to measure amperage, dynamic resistance, frequency, temperature, pressure and a variety of other things.

Terminology:

If you’ve never used a LabScope, there are a few new terms you’ll need to become familiar with. Most will be covered in more detail in later chapters.

1. ................................................................................... Amplitude: vertical height (voltage amplitude)

2. .................................................................................................................... Capture: displayed input

3. ................. Coupling: setting that allows the constant component of a signal to be blocked, or not

4. .................................................... Current ramping: the process of capturing amperage waveforms

5. ................................................. Cursors: movable lines used to measure time or voltage on screen

6. ........................................................................................Division: segment of either height or width

7. ..........................................................................................Duration: Horizontal width (time duration)

8. ........................................................................................... Ground Line: horizontal line at zero volts

9. ........................................................................................................ KV: kilovolt (one thousand volts)

10. ................................................................................ mS: millisecond (one thousandth of a second)

11. ........................................................................................... mV: millivolt (one thousandth of a volt)

12. .............................................................................Signature: defi ning characteristic of a waveform

13. ...................................................................................................Slope: direction of voltage change

14. ............................................................... Time base: length of time set for display (Pattern sweep)

15. ...................................................................................................... Trace: image displayed (Pattern)

16. .............................................. Trigger: setting that determines when scope begins to draw a trace

17. ................................................................................................Trigger Level: voltage level of trigger

18. ................................................................................... uS: microsecond (one millionth of a second)

19. ...................................................... Voltage Scale: range of voltage set for display (Voltage Range)

20. .............................................................................................Wave form: trace of a particular signal

Settings:

Settings are the controls that allow us to tell the scope what we want to see on the display and how we want to see it. Because we will be dealing with signals that vary in voltage range and occur over a variety of time frames, it will be necessary to adjust Voltage Scale and Time Base to properly view different signals. You may also need to tell the scope when to begin drawing the trace. This is called Triggering. With certain types of Triggers, you will need to set a Trigger level (voltage level for the trigger). You must also tell the scope if you want to block the constant component of a signal or not. This is called Coupling.

Voltage Scale:

Component operating range needs to be considered when setting Voltage Scale. To determine the voltage range a component operates within we need to look at a few things:

Supply Voltage: If we’re looking an average actuator, supply voltage is usually very close to system voltage, or around 14 volts. If we’re looking at an average sensor on most systems, supply voltage is the same as VREF, generally about 5 volts.

Inductive Kick: Ignition coils, fuel injectors, solenoids and other components with wound coils produce a magnetic fi eld around the windings when powered up. When the circuit is opened and the fi eld collapses, a voltage is induced.

We call this inductive kick, or voltage spike. Induced voltage can be several times higher than supply voltage.

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Voltage generators: Conventional O2 sensors operate in a range between 0 and 1 volt. AC generating sensors vary in amplitude, but are usually under 10 volts.

The scope will display up to the selected Voltage Scale level. (10 Volt setting will display from 0 volts to 10 volts) In most cases you’ll want to select a Voltage Scale slightly higher than expected voltage so the trace doesn’t range off of the display. Voltage Scale may be adjusted once the trace is on the screen, as can other settings.

Time Base:

This setting will determine how much time is represented on the display. There are some things we need to consider when selecting a Time Base.

First, we need to consider the duration of the event. How long does it take for the event we want to see to occur?

Suppose we want to look at a fuel injector at warm idle. An average pulse width should be around 3 mS. If we wanted to see a lot of detail in the trace we’d use a relatively short Time Base, just slightly longer than the duration of the event. If we want to leave room for change in pulse width, we’d use a longer Time Base.

Next, do we want to see the event repeated several times across the display? If so, a longer Time Base would be necessary.

Last, do we want to see a single event or a chain of related events? If we want to see a chain of events we would need some idea of the time required for it to take place.

Don’t be too concerned if your Time Base selection isn’t right the fi rst try. Like all settings, it can be adjusted once you have the trace on the screen.

Trigger:

The Trigger setting will tell the scope when to begin drawing the trace. There are times when you’ll just want the trace to scroll across the display. Maybe you’re monitoring a temperature sensor or something that has voltage transitions slow enough to view in real time. Or maybe you’re testing a component that you are unfamiliar with and want to look at the trace before setting a trigger. In either case you would select None. (no trigger)

Many events begin with a change in voltage. We’ll usually want to see an event from the beginning, so we would select a voltage trigger. To trigger on increasing voltage we’d select a positive slope trigger. To trigger on decreasing voltage we’d select a negative slope trigger.

There are also times when you’ll want to trigger on an external event. An external event is an event other than what you want displayed. The fi ring of #1 spark plug is the most common event used as an external trigger and works well for viewing anything that is related to camshaft or crankshaft rotation. Cam sensors, crank sensors, ignition parade patterns and things of that sort would be good examples. This type of trigger will also sync the event to the trigger source.

Trigger Level:

If we’ve selected a voltage trigger, whether positive or negative slope, we’ll need to set a Trigger Level. When a positive slope trigger is selected, the scope will trigger when increasing voltage rises above the set level. With a negative slope trigger, the scope will trigger when decreasing voltage falls below the set level.

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Coupling:

There are two coupling options, AC and DC. The best way to explain coupling is to look at the AC & DC coupling rules:

1. Pure AC voltage will be displayed the same when either AC or

DC coupling is selected. See Fig. 1 (AC Coupled) & Fig. 2 (DC

Coupled)

2. Pure DC voltage will be displayed with 0 volts on the ground line and positive voltage above the ground line when DC coupling is selected. See Fig. 3

3. Pure DC voltage, such as battery voltage, will be displayed on the ground line and varying DC voltage will be displayed above and below the ground line equally when AC coupling is selected.

See Fig. 4

This capture is the same signal shown in Fig. 3, but this time AC coupling was selected. This varying DC voltage is displayed above and below the ground line equally, so we have no real visual reference to ground or voltage level. If we were looking at a constant voltage, or pure DC voltage, it would be displayed on the ground line regardless of voltage level, so we would have no indication of voltage level. In either case, DC coupling would usually be the best choice.

4. When AC coupling is selected the constant component of the signal will be blocked and only the alternating component of the signal will be displayed. See Fig. 5

This is a capture of AC voltage riding on a DC signal. As you can see, only the AC voltage, which is the alternating component of the signal is displayed. The constant component of the signal is the DC voltage level and is not displayed. If we had used DC coupling here, the AC ripple would be displayed at the DC voltage level rather than on the ground line, so we would know what the DC voltage level was.

Ground location:

The Ferret 92 scope offers two options for ground location. With AC coupling, ground is always in the middle of the channel. We would also select this ground location to view any signal where voltage drops below ground. Ground at the bottom of the channel is used when you want added vertical resolution and works well when viewing multiple channels on the display.

Ferret 92 Display:

See Fig.6 - The highlighted bars on either side of the display are called channel labels and show the various settings that have been selected.

If multiple channels were being displayed, they would be stacked vertically and each would have its own channel labels.

On the left channel label, starting at the top, you will see the Channel

Number, Voltage Scale, Ground Location and Coupling selections. If ground at the bottom had been selected the ground indicator would be at the bottom of the label. The settings shown on the left channel label apply to only that channel and may be set differently for each channel being displayed.

On the right label you will see the Time Base and Trigger selections, followed by the Trigger Level setting. The small arrow just below the

Time Base shows the actual Trigger Level on the display. The settings on the right channel label apply to all channels. All channels will have the same time base and use the same trigger. You may have different

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settings for each channel, but only the settings on the active, or highlighted channel will be used. You may move the highlight to another channel by using the Channel Select key. The time base of the highlighted channel will then apply to all channels. To activate the trigger on the highlighted channel press either Trigger key once the channel is active.

Basic Waveforms

Coolant Temp. Sensor:

Fig. 7 is a low speed analog signal, marked by very slow voltage transitions, and is viewable in real time. We used a cursor here to measure the voltage level. As you can see, at 3.5 volts, we’re looking at a coolant temperature of about 50* F.

Fig. 8 is the same CTS as Fig. 7 but, as you can see, the engine is now at about 180*F as indicated by a voltage level of about .7 volts.

Let’s look at the settings and why these settings were used. Voltage

Scale 5 volts. Normal range for this signal is between about .4 and 4.6 volts. DC coupling is used because we want to see the voltage level.

Time Base is set at 5 seconds. Remember, we are viewing this signal in real time, with a slight delay.

When a Time Base of 1 second or more is used on the Ferret 92 scope it goes into what we call rolling mode. This means that the trace will update by scrolling across the display. You’ll notice a break in the trace. The old trace is scrolling off of the right side of the screen while the updated trace is replacing it on the left side of the break. The time base setting will tell you how long it takes for the display to complete an upgrade, in this case it will take 5 seconds. We don’t need a trigger for this type of signal, so the Trigger setting is None and trigger level does not apply.

Throttle Position Sensor

This TPS (Fig. 9) is also a low speed analog signal. In this case we are controlling the voltage transitions by opening and closing the throttle.

This signal is viewable in real time. We have set a voltage cursor at closed throttle voltage, which is about .7 volts.

Fig. 10 is the same capture as Fig. 9, but the cursor is now at WOT, or

4.3 volts. Voltage Scale is set at 5 volts, just like it was for the CTS. We used DC coupling so we can see voltage levels, and Ground Location in the middle, because it allows plenty of vertical resolution.

A positive slope trigger was used because the event begins with increasing voltage when we start to open the throttle. Trigger Level is set at 1.1 volts. Because the scope stores the input it can display what occurred before it actually triggers at 1.1 volts, so we see the voltage transition from the beginning. By setting a trigger we are also telling the scope that we want the trace to remain on the display unless the trigger criteria is met again. If we opened the throttle again a trace of the new event would replace this one.

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Mass Air Flow Sensor:

This MAF Sensor (Fig. 11) is also a low speed analog signal marked by mixed speed voltage transitions. Although the initial voltage transition is fairly fast it is still viewable in real time.

Because this signal is a lot like the TPS used in the previous example we have used the same settings with the exception of Trigger Level.

Normally the same Trigger level could have been used, but this capture was from a cold engine, so idle voltage was higher than the normal of about .6 volts.

AC Voltage:

This AC Voltage signal (Fig. 12) is a high speed analog signal, marked by fast voltage transitions. As you can see, it is not viewable in real time. We need to adjust the Time base to view this signal.

With this setup (Fig. 13) we can properly view this AC Sine Wave.

Voltage Scale is set at 2.0 volts because we expected less than that.

DC Coupling was used, but the trace would have been drawn the same with AC coupling. Ground in the middle as it should be when viewing an AC signal. Time base is set to 100mS and no trigger was set so trigger level does not apply. We could have used either a positive or negative slope trigger and set trigger level at any level within the range of the trace. This would have kept the trace from scrolling across the screen.

Square Wave:

This capture (Fig. 14) is a high speed Digital signal marked by very fast voltage transitions and is not viewable in real time. As you can see, a Voltage Scale of 5 volts is too low. The Ferret 92 scope will show a light blue trace when the signal ranges off of the display.

Fig. 15 shows the same signal as Fig. 14, but with the Voltage Scale adjusted. The cursor voltage shows why it was over ranged in the previous capture. Here Voltage Scale is set at 15 volts. It could have been set lower, but we see everything we need to at this setting. DC

Coupling and ground in the middle work well here. A very short Time base of 20mS was used and allows us to see eight cycles. A little math and we know that the frequency of this signal is a little over 400Hz.

Positive slope Trigger, although negative slope would work just as well, and a Trigger Level very close to the middle of the voltage transition.

This is a good place to set trigger level on most digital signals. If trigger level were set too high or low and circuitry problems kept voltage from achieving the set level the scope wouldn’t trigger so we wouldn’t see the bad events, and wouldn’t know if there was a problem.

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Port Fuel Injector:

Fig. 16 is a capture of a typical saturated switch fuel injector. It is a high speed digital signal and is not viewable in real time. As you can see the relatively short Time Base and ground at the bottom gives maximum resolution. Time cursors were used to measure the pulse width at 2.99mS.

Fig. 17 is a capture of the same injector as Fig. 16, but with a much longer Time Base allowing plenty of room for change in pulse width if we decide to snap the throttle to watch the system respond. As you can see, a Voltage Scale of 50 volts was used here, allowing us to see the voltage spike at 44.3 volts amplitude.

This injector has power to one side of the winding when the ignition is turned on and the driver completes the ground side of the circuit to pulse it. The proper way to connect your scope leads here is negative to a good ground and positive to the control, or negative, side of the injector. We used a negative slope trigger because the driver pulls the control side of the circuit to ground to pulse the injector. This means that voltage will decrease when the injector is pulsed. Trigger level is set fairly close to the middle of this voltage transition. If excessive resistance is present in the control side of the circuit, voltage may not be pulled to ground. If trigger level was set too low the voltage level might not fall past the set level, in which case, the scope would not trigger.

Peak & Hold Injector:

Fig. 18 is a peak and hold injector. We have our scope leads hooked up the same as we did in Fig. 17 and used similar settings. You can see that the waveform for this injector is different than the saturated switch injector we just looked at. it has two voltage spikes. This type of injector is used on CFI and TBI systems where it must open much more often that port fuel injectors. Because of this it must open faster, so it has a very low resistance winding. If it were controlled the same as a port injector the high current draw would produce a lot of heat which would cause the driver to fail. To overcome this obstacle two drivers are used, One driver switches the circuit to ground to snap the injector open and shuts off after a very short time, a little over 1 mS.

This gives the driver plenty of time to cool down, The second driver completes the circuit through a resistor, reducing the current to only what is needed to hold the injector open for the remainder of its on time.

The fi rst voltage spike occurs when the peak driver circuit is opened and the second when the hold driver is opened.

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Analyzing Waveforms

You now know the basic settings and have seen them used in examples.

In the following pages we will look at a couple of captures and what they tell us about the events.

TPS Sweep Test:

Fig. 9 is a TPS sweep test. This test is used to look for glitches

(abnormalities) that may be present at any level of throttle opening.

These glitches may appear in the trace as upward lines (spikes), downward lines (dropouts) or erratic areas (areas where voltage either doesn’t change with throttle position change or the change doesn’t follow a normal trend). We may also fi nd a fl at line throughout the sweep at or near either 0 volts (open circuit or short to ground), 5 volts (shorted to VREF) or between 5 and 15 volts (usually shorted to system voltage).

The capture in Figure 1 shows a normal sweep. Voltage is about .7 volts with the throttle at rest and about 4.3 volts wide open with smooth transitions and no spikes or dropouts.

Fig. 17 is a typical port fuel injector at idle. As previously stated, we are connected to the control, or ground side, of the injector and a good ground. The power side of the injector has B+ to it whenever the key is on. Until the injector is pulsed we will also have B+ at our connection on the control side unless the injector winding is open circuit, as you can see by looking at the horizontal part of the trace on either side of the event.

When the driver in the computer completes the circuit on the control side, we see the signal pulled to ground (fi rst vertical line). As the falling voltage passes the trigger level the scope begins to draw the trace.

The voltage is held at ground for about 3 mS. This is the injector on time, or pulse width.

The second vertical line shows the driver opening the circuit, which causes the magnetic fi eld in the injector winding to collapse. This produces an inductive kick, or voltage spike, of about 44.3 volts (varies with application). If you look at the curved line as voltage returns to system voltage you should see a small hump. This is the injector pintle altering the magnetic fi eld as it slams shut.

The capture in Figure 2 shows a good injector and good circuitry. The fact that the control side can pull the voltage to ground and hold it there proves the driver and control side circuitry. The inductive kick shows the integrity of the winding and power side circuit. The pintle hump verifi es that the injector is opening. For further confi rmation this injector could be compared to others on the same vehicle

MAF 2 Second Snap Throttle Test:

Figure 11 is a voltage trace of a mass airfl ow (MAF) sensor when the throttle was snapped open for about 1.5 seconds. The positive scope lead is connected to the signal wire and the negative lead to signal return (signal ground). This is a hot wire type sensor that is used on most Ford applications.

This MAF sensor operates in a 5 volt range, as do most sensors. Increases in airfl ow will be seen as increases in voltage. Looking at this capture you can see that the voltage is 1.3 volts at cold idle and has a lot of hash in it.

The hash is airfl ow pulsation caused by manifold vacuum changes as intake valves open and close. The fi rst rapid increase and then drop in voltage occurs when the throttle is snapped open and a surge of air is drawn into the intake manifold. At idle the pressure was negative in the intake manifold and positive on the air intake side of the throttle plate, so this surge is a result of the pressure equalizing when the throttle is opened wide. You can see

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that the equalization only took about 80 mS to occur, so engine speed hasn’t increased much since the throttle was snapped open. Because the resistance of the throttle plate has been removed, the intake pulsation is more pronounced as engine speed is still low. Over the next 1 second you can see that air mass increases as engine speed increases.

The next rapid drop in voltage indicates that the throttle was released and airfl ow decreased dramatically as high vacuum replaced nearly atmospheric pressure in the manifold. The remainder of the trace shows air mass decreasing as the engine returns to idle. This test is used to determine if the MAF is capable of sensing maximum air fl ow. If it can’t, either the hot wire is contaminated or the sensor is bad. Over 3.8 volts maximum is what we want to see here. This MAF looks good with a peak voltage of almost 4 volts and a very quick response at the initial throttle opening. Idle voltage is normally about .6 volts with the engine at operating temperature.

Fuel Pump:

Fig. 19 is a current waveform of an electric fuel pump. On a good pump average amperage will be within specifi cations, the humps will be fairly even and peak to peak amperage will be between 15% and 25% of the average amperage. Pump speed in RPMs can be determined by using time cursors to measure the time it takes for one revolution in milliseconds and then multiplying by 60,000. In most cases that will mean placing the cursors so that there are 8 humps between them.

Most pumps have 8 commutators.

Amperage specifi cations are not published in most information systems, but you can fi nd them in the Ferret 601 SmartSpec CD. Too many variables affect pump speed to publish anything other than broad specifi cations, so only failure speeds are published. Amperage and pump speed will very greatly from system to system and aftermarket pumps will often be quite different than OEM pumps.

Most bad pumps will have one or more very uneven peaks and/or valleys in the waveform and peak to peak amps will be out of the 15% to 25% range when compared to average amperage. Excessively high or low amperage also points to a bad pump or a circuit problem in the case of low amperage.

When current ramping pumps that draw more than about 5 amps it is advisable to use AC coupling and a Voltage

Scale that equates to a scale of 5 amp or less in order to see the ripple in detail. DC coupling and a higher range will be necessary to see average amperage.

Using the USB Thumb Drive to Capture Screen Shots

Connect the USB Adapter Cable to the back of the 92. It may be necessary to remove a protective plug to gain access to the adapter port. Attach the included Thumb Drive to the adapter cable.

You may attach the thumb drive anytime before you need to press the reference button.

Press the Hold Button to freeze the screen. Press the reference button. After 5 seconds you will hear a beep indicating the screen shot has been copied to the thumb drive.

Remove the Thumb drive from the 92 and connect it to a Windows XP or Macintosh Computer.

Once the Thumb Drive mounts on the computer, open the drive. The fi les will be numbered F91-NN. NN is a sequential number assigned by the 92. You may save 99 screen shots before the 92 will start over at 01. If another fi le ending in 01 is present on the Thumb Drive it will be overwritten.

The fi les may be copied to your computers hard drive and viewed or editied using any program capabile of opening a PNG File.

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E092-01G