Hewlett Packard 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer Operation and Service Manual

HEWLETT
Г
PACKARD
OPERATION AND SERVICE MANUAL
MODEL 4192A
"LF IMPEDANCE ANALYZER
SERIAL NUMBERS
This manual applies to instruments with
serial numbers prefixed 2150J- and above.
© COPYRIGHT: YOKOGAWA-HEWLETT-PACKARD, LTD., 1983
9-1, TAKAKURA-CHO, HACHIOUI-SHI, TOKYO, JAPAN
Manual Part No. 04192-90001 ;
Microfiche Part No. 04192-90050 Printed: APR, 1984
Model 4192A
1-1. INTRODUCTION
1-2. This operating manual contains the information
required to install, operate, and test the Hewlett-Packard
Model 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer. Figure 1-1 shows
the instrument and supplied accessories. This section
covers specifications, instrument identification, descrip-
tion, options, accessories, and other basic information.
1-3. Listed on the title page of this manual is a micro-
fiche part number. This number can be used to order
4 X 6 inch microfilm transparencies of the manual. Each
micofiche contains up to 60 photo-duplicates of the
manual pages. The microfiche package also includes the
latest manual changes supplement as well as all pertinent
service notes. To order an additional manual, use the part
number listed on the title page of this manual.
Section |
Paragraphs 1-1 to 1-5
1-4. DESCRIPTION
1-5. The HP Model 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer is
a fully automatic, high performance test instrument
designed to measure a wide range of impedance para-
meters as well as gain, phase, and group delay. The
4192A improves efficiency and quality in the develop-
ment and production of many types of complex compo-
nents, semiconductors, and materials. Complete network
analysis of devices such as filters, crystals and audio/video
equipment, plus evaluation of the impedance character
istics of their circuit components, can be performed.
These tests can be performed using test signals equivalent
to those found under actual operating conditions. The
two measurement display sections, DISPLAY A and
DISPLAY B, provide direct readout of the selected meas-
16047A
11170A
04192-61001
1250-0216
À 11048C
8120-1378
Figure 1-1.
Model 41924 and Accessories
1-1
Section 1
Paragraphs 1-6 to 1-9
urement parameters with 4% digit resolution along with
the appropriate units. In NORMAL mode operation, the
4192A performs approximately five measurements per
second. The 4192A also provides an AVERAGE meas-
urement mode (approximately one measurement per
second) to obtain measurement data of higher resolution
and repeatabily than is possible in NORMAL measure-
ment mode, and a HIGH SPEED measurement mode to
perform approximately ten measurements per second.
1-6. The 4192A can provide measuring frequency,
OSC level, and dc bias voltage (impedance measurements
only) equivalent to actual operating conditions. The
sweep capability of the built-in frequency synthesizer and
dc bias source permits quick and accurate measurements.
The built-in frequency synthesizer can be set to meas-
uring frequency within the range from 5.000Hz to
13.00000MHz with ImHz maximum resolution. OSC
level is variable from 3mV to 1.1 Vrms with 1 mV resolu-
tion (5mV for levels higher than 100mV). The internal
de bias voltage « urce (impedance measurements only)
provides 135V in 10mV increments. Measuring fre
quency or dc bias voltage can be automatically or manu-
ally swept in either direction. OSC level can be manually
swept in either direction in 1mV increments (3mV for
levels above 100mV). Actual test voltage across- or test
signal current through the device under test is also
measured, Thus the 4192A can evaluate components and
circuits under a wide variety of measurement conditions.
For example, video frequency characteristics of a VTR
head, dc bias voltage characteristics of a semiconductor
or ceramic device, at circuit level as well as component
level, can be accurately evaluated. For measurements on
high Q (= 10°) devices or for impedance measurements
that require a test signal that is more stable than that
provided by the 4192A, an external frequency synthesizer
can be connected to the 4192A EXT VCO input con-
nector. Using this technique, a frequency resolution of
ImHz over the full frequency range, from SHz to 13MHz,
can be obtained. In addition, a high stability reference
(1MHz ог 10 МН?) сап be connected to the 4192A so
that even more-stable test signals are obtained.
1-7. In amplitude/phase measurements, the 4192A can
measure four transmission parameters — gain/loss (B—A),
level (A, B), phase (0), and group delay. Measurement
range of B—A 1s ~100dB to +100dB with 0.001 dB
maximum resolution and 0.02dB to 0.09dB basic ac-
curacy, measurement range of A/B is +0.8dBV to
-100dBY, +13.8dBm to -87dBm with 0.001dB maxi-
mum resolution and 0.4dB basic accuracy; measurement
range of 6 is - 180” -+180 with 0.01” resolution and
0.1% to 0.2” basic accuracy; measurement range of group
1-2
delay 1s 0.1ns to 19.999s with a resolution of 4% digits.
These features make accurate measurement of transmis
ston characteristics easier than ever before. For example,
0.001dB changes in insertion loss and ripple in the pass
band of a BPF (Band Pass Filter), caused by temperature
changes, can be resolved. Moreover, the ability of the
4192A to measure group delay helps in the design and
construction of filters that must accurately fransmit
phase information.
1-8. In impedance measurements, the 4192A can
measure eleven impedance parameters — absolute value of
impedance (|Z!), absolute value of admittance (YI),
phase angle (0), resistance (R), "reactance (X), con-
ductance (G), susceptance (B), inductance (L), capaci-
tance (C), dissipation factor (D) and quality factor (Q).
Measurement range of [Z| /R/X is 0.1m to 1.2999MQ.
Y |/G/B is 1 ns to 12.999s; 0 is —180.00° to +180.00°
L is 0.0ImH to 1.000kH; C is O.IpF to 100.0mF; D is
0.0001 to 19.999; Q is 0.1 to 1999.9. All have a basic
accuracy of 0.1% and a resolution of 4% digits (number
of display digits depends on measuring frequency and
OSC level setting). Moreover, the unique circuitry of
the 4192A provides direct and accurate impedance
measurements of both grounded and floated devices.
i-9. The 4192A employs certain functions which
make the best use of the intelligence capability of its
microprocessor. This microprocessor-based design of the
hardware makes operation of the 4192A simple, yet
improves performance to realize the accurate measuring
capabilities. Desired test parameters are fully program-
mable through the front-panel control keys or via HP-IB
control, a standard capability of the 4192A. The devia-
tion measurement function eliminates the need for
tedious deviation calculations. Deviation measurement
can be performed on all measuring parameters and is
displayed as either the deviation (A) from a stored refer
ence value or percent deviation (A%). This feature is
useful for environmental tests such as temperature
Characteristics measurement of filter loss, and gain vs.
frequency for amplifiers. The self test function augments
the high reliability design of the 4192A. Convenient
introspective testing is possible by pressing the SELF
TEST key and confirms the functional operation of the
instrument. The zero offset adjustment function meas-
ures the residual impedance and stray admittance in-
herent to the test fixture used, and offsets the effects of
these parasitic parameters to zero with respect to the
measured values. The save/recal! function can store
(SAVE key) five completely different front-panel settings,
including both parameter selection and sweep controls,
and recall them at any time (RECALL key). This feature
Model 4192A
improves efficiency in production applications where
repetitive measurements are made. This feature can also
be used to measure the same parameter on one com-
ponent under (five) different sets of test conditions. The
standard memory of the 4192A preserves stored data
even when the instrument is off.
1-10. The 4192A provides HP-IB interface capability
for complete remote control of all front-panel control
key settings and test parameter settings. This feature
makes it possible to integrate the 4192 A into a measure-
ment system which reduces cost by improving DUT
throughout, improving circuit design efficiency, and
shortening the component development period. The
4192A is also equipped with X-Y recorder outputs and
pen lift control. Clear and accurate copies of character-
istics curves resulting from swept measurements can be
obtained easily with this capability, without an external
HP-IB controller.
1-11. The versatility and operability of the 4192A are
maximized by the availability of versatile test fixtures.
Because components and networks are not of uniform
shape and size, the 4192A has several test fixtures that
can be used to best meet different measurement require-
ments. |
1-12. SPECIFICATIONS
1-13, Complete specifications of the Model 4192A LF
Impedance Analyzer are given in Table 1-1. These specifi-
cations are the performance standards or limits against
which the instrument is tested. The test procedures for
the specifications are covered in Section IV, Performance
Tests. Table 1-2 lists supplemental performance charac-
teristics. Supplemental performance characteristics are
not specifications but are typical characteristics included
as additional information for the operator. When the
4192A LF Impedance Analyzer is shipped from the
factory, it meets the specifications listed in Table 1-1,
1-14. SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
1-15. The Model 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer has
been designed to conform to the safety requirements of
an IEC (International Electromechanical Committee)
Safety Class | instrument and is shipped from the factory
in a safe condition.
1-16. This operating and service manual contains in-
formation, cautions, and warnings which must be followed
by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the
instrument in a safe condition. |
Section 1
Paragraphs 1-10 to 1-21
1-17. INSTRUMENTS COVERED BY MANUAL
1-18. Hewlett-Packard uses a two-section nine character
serial number which is stamped on the serial number
plate (Figure 1-2) attached to the instrument's rear-panel.
The first four digits and the letter are the serial prefix and
the last five digits are the suffix. The letter placed be-
tween the two sections identifies the country where the
instrument was manufactured. The prefix is the same for
all identical instruments; it changes only when a change is
made to the instrument. The suffix, however, is assigned
sequentially and is different for each instrument. The
contents of this manual apply to instruments with the
serial number prefix(es) listed under SERIAL NUMBERS
on the title page.
1-19. An mstrument manufactured after the printing of
this manual may have a serial number prefix that is not
listed on the title page. This unlisted serial number pre-
fix indicates the instrument is different from those
described in this manual. The manual for this new instru-
meni may be accompanied by a yellow Manual Changes
supplement or have a different manual part number, This
supplement contains “change information” that explains
how to adapf the manual to the newer instrument.
1-20. In addition to change information, the supplement
may contain information for correcting errors (called
Errata) in the manual. To keep this manual as current
and accurate as possible, Hewleti-Packard recommends
that you periodically request the latest Manual Changes
supplement. The supplement for this manual is id :ntified
with this manual’s print date and part number, both of
which appear on the manual’s title page. Complimentary
copies of the supplement are available from Hewlett-
Packard. H the serial prefix or number of an instrument
is lower than that on the title page of this manual, see
Section VII, Manual Changes.
1-21. For information concerning a serial number pre-
fix that is not listed on the ‘title page or in the Manual
Change supplement, contact the nearest Hewlett-Packard
office.
TN
©!
: VONOGAGA HEWLETT PACHARD -
Figure 1-2. Serial Number Plate
1-3
Section |
Model 4192A
Table 1-1
Table 1-1. Specifications (Sheet 1 of 12)
COMMON SPECIFICATIONS
{Amplitude-Phase and Impedance Measurements)
INTERNAL SYNTHESIZER : Output from OSC OUTPUT (Hceyr) terminal
Frequency Range : 5.000 Hz to 13.000000MHz
Frequency Resolution : ImHz (5Hz to 10kHz), 10mHz (10kHz tó 100kHz), 100mHz (100kHz to
| MHz), 1 Hz (I MHz to I3MHz)
Frequency Accuracy : + 50 ppm (23°C + 5°C)
OSC Level Range : Variable from 5mVrms to !|.! Vrms (when terminated by 5082 in amplitude-
phase measurements or UNKNOWN terminals are open in impedance measure-
ments).
OSC Levei Resolution : 1imV{5mV to 100mV), 5mV CI00mY to 1.1 V)
OSC Level Accuracy :
Measuring Frequenc OSC Level
suring Fr
9 rrequency < 100ту > 100mV
SHz ~ 1 MHz (5 + 10/1) % + 2mV (5 + 10/8 % + 10mV
1 MHz ~ 13MHz (4 + 1.5F) % + 2mV (4 + 1.5Р) % + 10mV
f: measuring frequency (Hz), F : measuring frequency (MHz).
Output Resistance : 509 (amplitude/phase measurements), 10082 (impedance measurements, > 38kH2z)
100$ to 10k©2 (impedance measurements, < 38kHz, depends on measuring
range), de coupling.
Level Monitor (impedance measurement) : Measures and displays the voltage across- or current through the
device under test.
Frequency and Level Control: Set via the front-panel numeric keys or HP-IB; auto sweep (except for level) or
manual sweep.
EXTERNAL SYNTHESIZER : Connected to the VCO INPUT connector on the rear-panel (HP3325A Syn-
thesizer or equivalent is recommended).
Frequency Range : 40.000005 MHz to 53MHz (measuring frequency is equal to the frequency of
| the external synthesizer minus 40MHz [SHz to 13MHz}).
Required Signal Level : dBm to 3dBm
Note: Frequency of the 41924 internal synthesizer should be set to the frequency of the external synthesizer
minus 40MHz, and the internal and external synthesizers should be phase-locked.
1-4
Model 4192A Section !
Tabie !-1]
Table 1-1. Specifications {Sheet 2 of 12)
EXT REFERENCE INPUT CONNECTOR : Can be connected to a 1MHz/10MHZz high stability reference signal
| {- 1аВт to +3dBm) to improve the stability of the internal synthesizer.
Input Resistance : Aprroximately 5042
MEASURING MODE :
Spot Measurement : At specific frequency (or dc bias*)
Swept Measurement : Between START and STOP frequencies (or dc bias*). Sweep can be automatic
or manual.
Sweep Mode : Linear sweep mode (sweeps at specified step) and logarithmic sweep mode (20
measurement points per frequency decade).
X10 STEP : Multiplies the specified frequency/dc bias* step by 10 in linear manual sweeps.
PAUSE Key : Temporarily stops swept measurements.
SWEEP ABORT Key : Makes sweep cancellation.
* . DC bias sweeps can be made for impedance measurements only.
RECORDER OUTPUT DC outputs proportional to measured values of DISPLAY A, DISPLAY B, and
measuring frequency or dc bias. PEN LIFT output and X-Y recorder scaling
outputs are provided.
Maximum Output : +] \
Output Voltage Accuracy : + (0.5% of output voltage + 20mV).
FIVE NONVOLATILE STORAGE REGISTERS : Memorize five complete instrument measurement configurations.
Measurement configurations can be set from the front-panel, from the HP-IB,
or both.
HP-IB INTERFACE : Data output and remote control via the HP-IB (based on IEEE-Std-488 and
ANSEMCIT.
Interface Capability : StH1, AH!, T5, LA, SRI, RLI1, DCI, DTI.
Remote Control Function : All front-panel functions except LINE ON/OFF switch and X10 STEP key.
Data Output : Measured values of DISPLAY A, DISPLAY B, and measuring frequency or de
bias.
SELF TEST: Performs the 4192A basic operation. checks and displays the test results when
power is turned on or when the SELF TEST mode is set by the SELF TEST key
or via HP-IB.
TRIGGER : Internal, External, Hold/Manual, or HP-IB remote control.
1-5
Section I Model 4192A
Tabie 1-1
Table 1-1. Specifications (Sheet 3 of 12)
AMPLITUDE/PHASE MEASUREMENTS
PARAMETERS MEASURED : Measures DISPLAY A parameters and DISPLAY B parameters simultaneously in
the parameter combination listed below. Deviation measurement (A) and
percent deviation measurement (A%) can be performed for all measurement
parameters. |
DISPLAY A Function DISPLAY B Function
Group delay (5)
B-- A (dB): Amplitude ratio
0 (deg/rad) : Phase Difference
A (dBm/dBV) : Absolute amplitude of Reference Input
B (dBm/dBV) : Absolute amplitude of Test Input
REFERENCE AMPLITUDE : 0dBv = | Vrms, OdBm = ImV (into 5082)
OSC OUTPUT CONNECTOR OUTPUT IMPEDANCE : 500 + 5% - 8% (at 50Hz to SMHz), 5082 + 10% (at SHz to
13 MHz).
CHANNEL A AND B :
Input Impedance : 1M£S + 2%, shunt capacitance 25 pF + 3pF
Maximum Input Voltage : 2 Vrms/+35Y DC Max.
DISPLAY RANGE AND RESOLUTION : In NORMAL or AVERAGE measurement mode (Measuring resolution de-
creases one digit in HIGH SPEED measurement mode.
B — À : | 0 to + 100dB, 0.001aB (0 - 20dB), 0.01dB (20 - 100dB) resolution
д: 0 to £180° (0 to + 7 radian), 0.01° resolution
Group Delay (7,} : 0.ins to 19,999s, 0.Ins maximum resolution
A, B: +0.8dBY to -100dBY, +13.8dBm to -87dBm, 0.001dB (> -20dB), 0.01 dB (£-20dB)
resolution
1-6
Model 4192A
Table 1-1.
Specifications (Sheet 4 of 12)
Section |
Table 1-1
MEASURING ACCURACY : Specified at measuring terminals when the following conditions are satisfied:
{1} Warmup Time:
(2) Ambient Temperature :
{3} Measuring Speed :
Note:
cations given here.
> 30 minutes
23°C + 5°C (error limits double for 0°C to 55°C temperature range).
NORMAL or AVERAGE mode.
Additional errors due to the power splitter, feedthrough termination, etc., are to be added to specifi-
The measurement accuracy of each parameter is given below. The accuracy depends on input absolute level of
each channel and the measuring frequency.
B--A and # Measurements Accuracies :
Accuracies are the sum of each channel accuracy given in the table
below. For example, when the frequency is 1kHz, A channel is ~15dBV and B
channel is -25dBV; the uncertainty contributed by each channel to the B—A
error is 0.01dB/0.05° and 0.05dB/0.15°, respectively. Therefore, the final ac-
curacy of 0.06dB/0.2° is given by the accuracy of both channels,
Group-Delay Measurements Accuracy : Accuracy is derived from the following equation (phase accuracy Af
and Afg are read from the fable below):
group delay accuracy =
A8, + Ay
720 X AF
(s)
where, Aña Channel A phase accuracy (degree)
Абв Channel B phase accuracy (degree)
AF Step Frequency (Hz)
… +0.8
- f : measuring freguency (Hz)
a (0.008+0.2/f)dB | O.071d8 | 0.045dB | (0.025+0.02F)dB
S 10 - (0.04+1/f)° 0. 05° 0.08° ( O.08F° ) F: measuring frequency (MHz)
1
© og Equations in table represent:
= {0.047+0.2/F)dB 0.05d8 0.08dB (0.04+0.04F)dR
5 (0.13+2/f)° 0.15° | 0.25° (0.05+0.2F)° A, B accuracy
= -30 .
О {0.05+1/F)dB 0.0688 0.1248 (0.06+0.06F)dB 8 accurac
= -40 {0.14+6/F)° 0.29 0.39 (0.05+0.25F}° у
© {0.05+3/F)dB 0.08dB 0.14dB (0.07+0.07F)dB
5 во (0.15+15/#)° 0.3° 0.6° (0.3+0.3F)° Note
3 oO 0.2dB (0.1+0.1F)dB
+ Q o [a
5 -60 Ad 1.5 (140.57) When calculating accuracy
с (0. 45+25/ 1) de 0.7d8 (0.4+0.3F)dB for points along a horizontal
= -70 (4+100/F) > (4+F) or vertical line, or at the
= (1,5+50/f)dB 2dB (1+F)dB intersection of two lines, use
à -80 (12+300/F) 15 (13+2F) the narrowest accuracy
5 | equation.
-90 - Unspecified
- 100 Ï + +
5 100 10k 1M 13M
Measuring Frequency (Hz)
Section 1 Model 4192 A
Table 1-1
Table 1-1. Specifications (Sheet 5 of 12)
Absolute Amplitude (A, B) Accuracy : Accuracy is given in the table below,
… 0.8
= f : measuring frequency (Hz)
= 710 - F : measuring frequency (MHz)
© ;
E -20 -
5 (0.4+1/Ff}d8 0.4dB (0.4+0,08F)dB
+ -30 A Note
©
= -40 - When calculating accuracy
2 for points along a horizontal
> 50 or vertical line, or at the
À (0.5+11/F)dB 0.6de (0.5+0.18F)dB intersection of two lines, use
E -60 . the narrowest accuracy
2 {0.85+26/f)dB 1.1dB (0.8+0.38F)dB equation.
« -70 -
= (1.9+51/f)dB 2.448 (1.4+1.08F)dB
= -80
a he <100 100<
-90 — Unspecitied
-100 1
5 100 1M 13M
Measuring Frequency (Hz)
1-8
Model 4192A
Section I
Table 1-1
Table 1-1. Specifications (Sheet 6 of 12)
PARAMETERS MEASURED :
IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS
Measures DISPLAY À parameters and DISPLAY B parameters simultaneously in
the parameter combinations listed below. Deviation measurement (A) and
percent deviation measurement (A%) can be performed for all measurement
parameters.
DISPLAY A Function DISPLAY B Function
Zi: Absolute Value of Impedance
& (deg/rad) : Phase Angle
{Y| : Absolute Value of Admittance
К : Resistance X : Reactance
G : Conductance B : Susceptance
Q : Quality Factor
i. =: Inductance
D : Dissipation Factor
С : Capacitance
R : Resistance
G :
Conductance
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODE :
DISPLAY :
RANGING :
MEASUREMENT TERMINALE :
Auto, {we (Series), and o{LF}o (Parallel). |Z|, R, and X are measured in
we mode; and |Y|, G, and Bin e mode.
Maximum 4-1/2 digits in NORMAL or AVERAGE measurement mode,
maximum 3-1/2 digits in HIGH SPEED measurement mode; 19999
full-scale display for L and C measurement, 12999 for other parameters.
Number of display digits depends on OSC level, measurement range, and
test frequency. (Refer to Para. 3-17)
AUTO or MANUAL for impedance (1Z\)/admittance ( | Y |) measured value.
4-terminai pair configuration
AUTOMATIC ZERO ADJUSTMENT : Residual impedance (R + jX) and stray admittance (G + iB) of the test fixture
are measured at a frequency selected by the operator. These values are then
stored and used as offset data for subsequent measurements. The stored offset
values are converted and applied to other measurement frequencies (refer to
paragraph 3-79).
1-9
Section | Model 4192 A
Table 1-1
Table 1-1. Specifications {Sheet 7 of 12)
MEASURING RANGE AND RESOLUTION : Accuracy is specified at UNKNOWN terminals under the following
conditions: |
(1) Warmup Time : = 30 minutes
(2) In Floating Measurements : (see Table 1-2 for specifics on low-grounded measurements)
(3) Measuring Frequency : At the frequency of the zero offset adjustment
(4) Ambient Temperature : 23°C + S°C (error limits double for temperature range of 0°C to 55°C)
(5) CABLE LENGTH: At O position
(6) Measuring Speed : NORMAL or AVERAGE mode
(7) In the tables, E] area : Reference data (accuracy is not guaranteed.)
ZA area : Measurement can not mode but accuracy is not specified.
| 0.0001 to 1.2999MN 1009, -180.00 ° to + 180.00 °
| _ 0.02
В = 1 +
: use the left graph (below)
C= : use the right graph (below)
where y : OSC LEVEL (V)
_
Measuring frequency (Hz)
| Measuring frequency (MHz)
200 =
100 F
bm Tom Tom 1.1 5m 10m 100m 1,1
OSC LEVEL(V) OSC LEYEL (Y)
Section 1
Model 4192A
Table 1-1
Table 1-1. Specifications (Sheet 8 of 12)
Zi—6 and R—X Measurements :
Measuring Range :
Parameter Measuring Range Maximum Resolution
Zi*R-X 0.000182 to 1.2999 M 82 1001 Q
9 - 180.00” to +180.00” 0.01
Measurement Accuracy :
curacy depends on the value of D as follows:
Refer to the table below (specified by ZY RANGE). However, R and X ac-
400
Measuring Frequency (Hz)
Displayed
ZI, Ror X (£2)
(1) À =
(2)
[Z1 Range full scale (£2)
Equations in table represent :
in the table.
1 Zt, R, X accuracy !+ (% of reading + number of counts)]
8 accuracy |= (absolute value)]
D <1 TSD< 10 10 < D
curacy of R is equal to the accuracy of | 2 Table
Асс у 4 y Two times % error given in the table below. bel
R X, in number of counts, as calculated from | elow
the table below.
Accuracy of X is equal to the accuracy of R, in
X Table below, number of counts, as calculated from the table be-
low.
As
{ (0.2 + А)В +7 (1+2.4A.0)) 5 +1 (0.2 + А)В% + | (0.25 + A)BY +1
MM | go + 0.5A)8°
{(0.1 + 0.5А)В + $ 1 + 2,46:5))* (0.1 + 0.58)8 (0.12F
под, [10-12 + 0.24)8 + 3. {1 + 0.03 (1 + 104)с} 3% + 1. (0.26 + 0.24)8% +1
[(0.05 + 9,1418 + 20 + 0,03 11 + Tone] (0.125 + 0.1AJB
зо, | 00-1 + 0.20)8 + [1 + 0.02 63 + 100C] E +1 | (0.15 0.24)8% +1 (0.188 + 0.24) + 1
с (0.05 + О,1А)В * 71 + 9.02 (1 + 10A}C} 5° {8.05 + 0.1A)8° (0,09F + 0.1A)8°
a i
> e E(0.1 + 0.2A)8 + 2 {1 € 0.06 (1680 71% +1 (9.1 4 0.24 + 0,028 + 6.02457)B% +
i HEN TE + ле
5 [10.05 + 9.708 + 56 + 0.04 (1 + 6A)C } 1° (0.05 + O.1A + 0.036 + 6.0145 }B6
N [0.18 + 2 {1 + 0,04 (1 + Sera 9.18% + 3 10.1 + 0.026 + C.OZ4F?16% + 3
"man 100 0.0% a 0.0 TE : TA e
[0.05 + £308 + $61 + 0.04 (1 + 445) } 7° (0.05 + 4 В (0.05 + 991 + 0.016 + 0.014F?)8
0.28% + 3 (0.2 + 09.037 + 0.0325%)8% + 5
© (0.1 + 99189 gra 8:02 50.068 + 0.064F?)(0.2+ De
4 0.58% +5 7
1 Е 2,3
De (0.3 + 87 7
LS A 74
5
Section |
Table 1-1
Table 1-1.
Model 4192A
Specifications (Sheet 9 of 12)
Y | — 9 and G—B Measurements :
Measuring Range :
Parameter Measuring Range Maximum Resolution
Yi, G 0.001 uS ~ 12.9995 115
g -180.00% — +180.00° 0.01°
Measurement Accuracy :
Refer to the table below (specified by ZY RANGE). However, G and B accuracy
depends on the value of D as follows:
(1) À =
D < 01 0.1 <D £1 1 <0D
Accuracy of G is equal to the accuracy of B, in Table bel
G | number of counts, as calculated from the table GORE OGM
below.
Two times % error given in Accuracy of B is equal to the accuracy of G, in
B Table below the table below number of counts, as calculated from the table
below,
UN
{0.28 +3 {1 + + Ea; 0.28% +3 / 0.2F-8% + 3
à Ch: {110.1 + 905 + 3 {3 + 2 0 {0.1 + 9-98 )ве (0. 12F + 9:99 )ве
100 £0. 18+ 2{1 + 0.03 ALAA 0.2F-B% + 3
oe y В.Ю! уро
L 0.05 + Ой в + + 1+ 0.03 (1 +5 bel 1° (0.128 + AB
„| © 18 + 2 {1 + 0.02 | пери 0.18% + 3 0.15F-B% + 3
EEE 0.01, A + 0.02 (1 + De} 7 (0.05 + 2-01)ge (0.097 + OI gs
10 [G. 18421 + 6.04 (1 + 9.8)0} 1% #3 (0.1 + 0.020 + 0.024582 4 3,
п 0.9
> [{0.05 + + e + 20 + 0.04 (1 + 4510} y (0.05 + 4 + 0.016 + 0.014F*)89
ED
5 pag, | 191 + 0.20)8 + E {1 + 0.04 (1 + 2A)C} 12 + 1 10,1 + 0.2А)В% + 11 {0.1 + 0.2A + 0.02F + 0.024F%)B% + 1
& a 110.05 + 9ЛА)8 + © = 4 1 + 0.04 {1 + 2A}C } ]° (0.05 + 0.1А)8° 10.05 + 9.14 + 0.015 + 0.09145218*
Pe rr
Ш p (07706880 7 т + 0.04 (1 + 20A)C} 32 + 1 Е (9.2 + 0,54) В% +1 т
о + 0.0005 + 3 {1 + 0.08 (1 + 2080) * 19,1 + 0.2A)8° / 7
10 ООШ (0:5 + MBR
(0.3 + АВЕО
1 PE . ZZ j
400 16k M 24
Measuring Frequency (Hz)
Y | Range full scale (8)
(2) Equations in table represent :
Displayed Y!, G or B (S)
13M
in the table,
# accuracy: +
||, G, B accuracy: %
(absolute value)]
(% of reading + number of counts)] |
1-12
Model 4192A : Section |
Tabie 1-1
Table 1-1. Specifications (Sheet 10 of 12)
L..Q, D, R, G Measurements : Refer to R/X or G/B measurements for R and G accuracy,
Measuring Range :
Parameter Measuring Range Maximum Resolution
La 0.01nH ~ 1.0000kH 10pH
D - 0.0001 ~ 19.999 0.0001
Q 0.1 ~ 1999.9 0.1
*. Depends on ZY RANGE and measuring frequency (refer to paragraph 3-71).
Measuring Accuracy : Refer to the table below (specified by ZY RANGE).
To determine which [Z| range is selected for L measurements,
change the DISPLAY A function to |Z|/ [Y .
TY
{{1 + 2А)В + ® (1 + 2.4А-С)} 2 +1
м 0.05
10.07 + 0.02A)8 + SE {1 + 2,44.)
100k [(0.2 4 0,3018 + 8 {1 + 6.03 (1 + 10A)C } 35 + 1 (0,3F + 0.3A18% +1
Ï и a
10.002 + 0.003A)B + e + 0.03 (3 + 10A)C} (0.003F + 0.003A)8
зо, [10-8 + 0.3008 + 2 (1 + 0.002 (1 + 10A}C} 3 + 1 (0.2 + 0.3А)В% + 1 | (0.28 » 0.30)8% + 1
— | (0.002 + 0.003д)в + 9:93. [1 + 0.83 (1 + 104)с} (0.002 + 0.003А}8 | (0.002 + 0.003А)8
—
G ть [(0.2 + 0.3А)8 + 71 + 0.04 (1 + 6.AJCÍ IA +1 10,2 4 0.38 + 0.03F + 0.03262)8% +1
5D (0.002 + .0.003A)8 + Ÿ-22 41 + 0.02 (1 + 10A}C} (0.002 + 0.0034 + 0.0003F + 0,0004F)3
=
> [0.28 +2 {1 +008 (1+%5¢c} wes Dar + ° _
6 ETE A * 0.28% + 3 {0.2 + 0.038 + 0,0328? )В% + 3
< | 68 ‚0.0003 , 0,0003, 5 oor + 6 000008
N (0.002 + 55 + 9,08 {01 + 0.04 {1 + 920) (9,002 + =)8 | (0.002 + 0.0003F + 9.0004f*)
10.38 + 3 (1 + 0.04 (1 + $014 +5 0.38% + 5 (0.3 + 0.04F + 0.048F2)BY + 5
10 & 6.0004 ANNAF + 2
(0.003 + 055 + 28 $1 + 0.04 (1 + £)C} (0.003 + 9.000419 | (0.003 + 25 + 0.0004 + 0,00066*)8
PES EE EL ÉTÉ CE a EE и
En oy а Be 002 3 0208: y EE 1 (0.007 + 56
(8.007 + 1 OE ET + 7
9 400 16k IM 2M 13M
Measuring Frequency (Hz)
27 X Measuring frequency CHz) X Dispiayed L (H)
in the table.
1Z | Range full scale (42) in the tabte
(1) À =
(2) Equations in table represent (at D & 0.1) :
L accuracy:[ + (% of reading + number of counts)]
D accuracy:[ + (absoïute value) |
(3) If6.1 <D < |, double the % error for all values of L.
(4) HD>0.1, multiply error of D by (1 + D)?.
E
2nf x 108
Where 5 : number of digits displayed when the DISPLAY A function is
changed to LZ!/1Y |.
(5) a= (H) in the table,
Section I
Model 4192A
Table 1-1
Table 1-1. Specifications {Sheet 11 of 12)
C—Q, D, R, G Measurments : Refer to R/X or G/B measurements for R and G accuracy.
Measuring Range ;
Parameter Measurement Range Maximum Resolution
C* 0.0001pF ~ 100.00mF O.1fF
D 0.0001 ~ 19.999 0.0001
Q 0.1 ~ 19999 0.1
* 1 Depends’on ZY RANGE and measuring frequency (refer to paragraph 3-71).
Measurement Accuracy : Refer to the table below (specified by ZY RANGE).
To determine which. | Z | range is selected for L measurements,
change the DISPLAY A function to | Z|/{Y|.
(ON
(a + 2 (1« L281 + à 0.28% + 3 ‚ 0.2F-B% + 3
10 0.001... 0.05 0,250 (0.002 + 2-00] (0,0027 + 2:391.5
(0.002 + =)8 + “22 (1 + SA) 10.002 + — 08 ‘9,902 7
18 + Et + 0,03 (1 + 1 Mea 0.2F-B% + 3
Об
_ SE £0.02 (1+ 4 TT - 0,18% + 3 0.15F BY + 3
2 00 + 0.0002, , 0. 0.06 7) + 0.04 (1 + 9:80} | (0.0009 + 2:00 (0.00165 + 900085
a
Е 10 [0.18 + 3 2 4 + 0.04 (1 + Loe] I +3 (0.1 + 0.02F + 0,024F%)8% + 3
£ | (0.0009 + 20002) + © {1 + 0.08 (1 + 2a)e) (0.0009 + 9-99 + p.0002F + 0.0003F2)8
m ,; [0.1 + 0.24)8 + 2 {1 + 0.04 (1 + 2A)C} ]% + 1 (0.1 + 0.24)B% +1 | {0.1 + 0.24 + 0.02F + 0.024F2)BY + 3
{Hom
(0.0009 + 2999235 4 247 (3 + 0.06 (1 + 2R)C) (0.0009 + 9-0%5 | (0.0009 + 900% 4 0.0002F + 0.0003F°)e
‚| | 146.2 + 0-5)8 + $ {1+ 0.08 (1 + 204) } 1 +1 | (0.2 0.50)88 +1 г
(0.002 + 0,004А)В + > 1 + 0.04 (1 + 20A)C} (0.002 + 0.004А }В
lo (0.5 + AA E
(0.005 + © wn
ES 7
400 16k IH 2M 13M
Measuring Frequency (Hz)
(1) A = 27 X Measuring frequency (Hz) X Displayed C (F)
|Y | Range full scale
(2) Equations in table represent (at D < 0.1):
C accuracy:[ + (% of reading + number of counts)]
D accuracy:! À (absolute value)
(3) TOI<D<1, double the % error for all values of C.
(4) If D > 0.1, multiply error of D by (1 +DY.
3 .
ie e he table.
STE x RIE in tne
Where 5 : number of digits displayed when the DISPLAY A function is
changed to 1Z|/1Y |.
(5) o=
1-14
Model 4192A
Section |
Table 1-1
— Table 1-1. Specifications (Sheet 12 of 12)
DC BIAS :
Voitage Range :
Output Resistance :
Maximum Output Current :
Controi :
OPERATING TEMPERATURE :
RELATIVE HUMIDITY :
POWER :
DIMENSIONS :
WEIGHT :
OPTION 907 :
OPTION 908 :
OPTION 909 :
OPTION 910:
Setting Accuracy {at 23°C + 5°C) : + (0.5% of setting +5mV)
Floating measurements — 20 mA max.
Low-grounded measurements — 5 mA max.
FURNISHED ACCESSORIES AND PARTS : 16047A Test Fixture, 11048C 5082 Feedthrough Termination (2 ea.),
Valid for impedance measurements only.
-35V to +35Y, 10mV steps
1102 to 11kKQ + 10% (depends on measuring range)
Varies with measuring frequency and range.
Front-panel numeric keys or HP-IB remote control
GENERAL
0°C to 55°C
< 95% at 40°C
100, 120, 220V + 10%, 240V + 5% ~ 10%, 48 Hz to 66 Hz, power consumption
150 VA maximum.
425.5mm (W) X 235 mm (H) X 615 mm (D)
Approximately 19kg
Splitter (HP Part No.: 34192-61001, Nominal 50Q), Power Cord (HP Part No.:
8120-1378).
OPTIONS
Front Handie Kit CHP Part No.: 5061-0091)
Rack Flange Kit (HP Part No.: 5061-0079)
Rack and Handie Kit (HP Part No.: 5061-0085)
Extra Manual
Section I Model 4192A
Table 1-2
Table 1-2. General Information (Sheet 1 of 2}
GENERAL INFORMATION
(The following information is reference data and not guaranteed specifications.)
TYPICAL MEASUREMENT ACCURACY :
Impedance Measurement {Floating) :
Accuracy when CABLE LENGTH is Im : 2.5 times percent error for frequencies above I MHz. -
L * C accuracy for D > 1 : (1 + D*) times accuracy specifications
Low Grounded Impedance Measurement Accuracy :
To obtain low grounded measurement accuracy, add the accuracy for floating
impedance measurements, given in the proceding tables, to the additional error
given in the figure below. Compensation for residual impedance (S 9pF at
< 600kHz or approximately 20kQ at = 600kHz) must also be made using
the 4192A’s zero offset adjustment function.
10
= jee | , Cm
= —— Q S _—
= 4
> LEVEL ZY Range
° >70" || 00,5 105 LEVEL | Y Range
oY =, = TORO, Tus S700 | 10Kkiz, тиб
I MN <70MN HERO
За Е STORY + 10msn108
“5 » 1.0:
= BS Е
sz 3 LIS —
= = 2 7 65
< © ta LEVEL ¿Y Range
= . rake
< 5 = > 707% | 10msulos
La” 3 -
_— QD
N DEN ssf FF eel o
783 01h46
5 10K 100K TOM
Measuring Frequency (Hz)
MEASURING SPEED : Refer to the figure below (at fixed measuring frequency, measurement range and
OSC level for impedance measurement). Specific information is provided in
paragraph 3-55 for amplitude/phase measurements and in paragraph 3-89 for im-
pedance measurements. Speed in AVERAGE mode is approximately 7 times
that for NORMAL mode.
3.0
$ 1.0
5 Normal Speed
= {Phase Measurement
2 300m High Speed
E Normal Speed
3 100m High Speed
3
Impedance Measurement
5 10 100 IK 100K IM 13M
Measuring Frequency (Hz)
30m
1-16
Model 4192A
Table 1-2.
General information {Sheet 2 of 2)
Section |
Table 1-2
ZY RANGE SWITCHING TiMk :
OSC LEVEL SWITCHING TIME :
FREQUENCY SWITCHING TIME : Approximately SOms to 65ms
Approximately 65ms
LEVEL MONITOR RANGE AND ACCURACY : At 23°C: 5°C
Approximately 35 ms to SO ms per range (af > 400 Hz)
DC BIAS VOLTAGE SETTLING TIME : Approximately (0.4 X AV + 10) ms where AV is the voltage change (V).
Range Accuracy (% of reading + count)
< 100Hz: (4+10/%+1]
Voltage 5mV ~ 1.1V
100Hz to IMHz : 4% + 1
Current IVA > 11mA
> 1MHz: (4+0.8F)%+1
where f : measurmg frequency (Hz), F : measuring frequency (MHz).
1MHz REFERENCE OUTPUT:
Output Resistance :
TIME REQUIRED FOR LEVEL MONITOR : Approximately 120ms
Square wave, = 1.6 Vp-p
Approximately 5082
1-17
Section 1
Paragraphs 1-22 to 1-29
1-22. OPTIONS
1-23. Options are modifications to the standard instru-
ment that implement the user’s special requirements for
minor functional changes. The 4192A has four options
as listed in Table 1-3.
Table 1-3. Available Options
open Description
907 Front Handle Kit.
908 | Rack Flange Kit.
909 Rack Flange and Front Handle Kit.
910 Extra Manual
1-24. The following options provide the mechanical
parts necessary for rack mounting and hand carrying:
Option 907: Front Handle Kit. Furnishes carrying
handles for both ends of front-panel.
Option 908: Rack Flange Kit. Furnishes flanges for rack
mounting for both ends of front-panel.
Option 909: Rack Flange and Front Handle Kit. Fur-
nishes both front handles and rack flanges
for instrument.
Installation procedures for these options are detailed in
Section II.
Model 4192 A
1-25. Option 910 adds an extra copy of the Operation
and Service Manual.
1-26. ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED
1-27, The HP Model 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer,
along with its furnished accessories, is shown in Figure
1-1. The furnished accessories are also listed below.
16047A Test Fixture
11048C 5082 Feedthrough (2 ea.)
Power Splitter (HP Part No.: 04192-61061)
BNC Adapter (HP Part No.: 1250-0216)
11170A BNC Cable (2 ea.)
Power Cable (HP Part No.: 8120-1378)
Additional Fuses for AIF] (2ea. PN: 2110-0650)
1-28. ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE
1-29. For certain measurements and for convenience in
connecting samples, ten types of accessories are available.
Each accessory is designed to meet the various measure-
ment requirements and types of DUT. AH accessories
were developed with careful consideration to accuracy,
reliability, and ease of measurement. À brief description
and photo of each available accessory is given in Table
1-4,
Section 1
Model 4192A
Table 1-4
Table 1-4. Accessories Available (Sheet 1 of 4)
Model Description
HP 16047A 16047A Direct Coupled Test Fixture (furnished):
Test Fixture (direct attachment type) for general measure-
ment of both axial and radial lead components. Three
kinds of contact inserts are furnished:
(1) For axial lead components,
(HP P/N 16061-70022).
(2) For general radial lead components,
(HP P/N 16061-70021).
(3) For radial short lead components,
(HP P/N 16047-65001).
DC bias up to +35 V can be applied.
HP 160478
16047B Test Fixture with Safe Guard:
Test Fixture (cable connection type) for general measure-
ment of both axial and radial lead components at fre-
quencies below 2MHz. Three kinds of contact inserts are
furnished (same as those for the 16047A Test Fixture).
DC bias up to +35V can be applied with using the 4192A
(a protective cover provides for operator safety).
Cable length: approximately 40 ст
HP 16047C
16047C High Frequency Test Fixture:
Test Fixture (direct attachment type) especially appro-
priate for high frequency measurements requiring high
accuracy. Two screw knobs facilitate and ensure optimum
contact of electrodes and sample leads. Maximum applied
dc bias voltage is £35V.
1-19
Section | Model 4192 A
Table 1-4 :
Table 1-4, Accessories Available (Sheet 2 of 4) -
Model Description
HP 16048A 16048A Test Leads with BNC Connector:
Test Leads (four terminal pair) with BNC connectors for
connecting user-fabricated test fixtures.
Maximum applied de bias voltage is +200V (refer to
Figure 3-34).
Cable length: Im
HP 16048B — 10048B Test Leads with RF Miniature Connectors:
a Test Lead (four terminal pair) with miniature RF con-
nectors suitable for connecting user-fabricated test fixtures
in systems applications.
Maximum applied de bias voltage is +200V (refer to
Figure 3-34).
Cable length: Im
HP 160486 16048C Test Leads with Alligator Clips:
Test Leads with dual alligator clips for testing components
of various shapes and sizes at frequencies below 100kHz.
Applicable measurement ranges:
Capacitance > 1000pF
Inductance > 100uH
Maximum applied de bias voltage is +35 V.
Cable length: Im
HP 16034B 160348 Test Fixture for Chip Components:
Test Fixture (tweezer type) for measurement of miniature,
leadless components such as chip capacitors. Employs a
three terminal configuration tweezer probe suifable for
high impedance component measurements (above 5082).
Maximum applied dc bias voltage is £35V,
Cable length: Im
1-20
Model 4192 A Section I
Table 1-4
и Table 1-4. Accessories Available (Sheet 3 of 4)
Model Description
HP 16095A | HP 16095A Probe Fixture:
For probe impedance measurements on board-mounted
components or entire circuits. Low lead can be floated or
grounded. OSC OUTPUT connector is provided for am-
plitude-phase measurements. Following data is specified
when BNC adapter is used:
Stray capacitance < I5pF
Residual inductance : < 40nH
Residual resistance : < 100m?
Following parts are furnished.
Part HP Part No.
Center pins for probe (10 ca.) 16095-60012
Alligator clip for ground 16095-61611
BNC (male) adapter 16095-60011
Alligator clip adapter 16095-61612
Ground pins (5 ea., HP Part No. 16095-65001) are also
available (not furnished).
16097A 16097A Accessory Kit (with carrying case):
Contains the following accessories for circuit measurements:
11094B 750 Feedthrough (2 ea.)
11095A 600% Feedthrough (2 ea.)
11070B = 60cm BNC cable (Cea)
11170C = 120cm BNC cable (2 еа.)
10013A 10:1 Scope probe (2 ea.)
10007 В | :1 Scope probe (2 ea.)
16047C Test Fixture
16048С Test Leads
16095A Probe Fixture
1-21
Section 1 Model 4192A
Table 1-4
Table 1-4. Accessories Available (Sheet 4 of 4)
Model Description
16096А 16096A Test Fixture:
To alternately make amplitude/phase measurements and
input impedance measurements on two-port devices. Fol-
lowing data is specified at BNC connectors:
Residual Impedances (after zero offset adjustment):
Stray capacitance : < 0.01pF
Residual Inductance: < (100 +0.5F*) nH
Residual resistance : < (50+5F?)mQ
Error in amplitude/phase measurements (after cable com-
pensation):
B—A error : 10.1 dB
Phase error : +0.1°
A, Berror : + (0.1 +0.06F*) dB
Input impedance of CHANNEL A/B : 1MS2 shunted by
less than | SpF.
Following parts are furnished:
Part HP Part No.
Textool® Grid zip test socket kit 16096-65001
16096-61614
BNC (male) to dual alligator clip cable (4 ea.)
16096-61611
BNC (male) to SMC cable (4 ea.)
Banana plug to alligator clip cable 16096-61613
BNC (male) — BNC (male) cable
(90cm)
BNC T adapter 1250-0781
16096-61615
1-22
Model 4192 A
Section |
Paragraphs 2-1 to 2-9
SECTION [
2-1. INTRODUCTION
2-2. This section provides installation instructions for
the Model 4192A Impedance Analyzer. The section also
includes information on initial inspection and damage
claims, preparation for using the 4192A, packaging,
storage, and shipment.
2-3. INITIAL INSPECTION
2-4, The 4192A Impedance Analyzer, as shipped from
the factory, meets all the specifications listed in Table
1-1. Upon receipt, inspect the shipping container for
damage. If the shipping container or cushioning material
is damaged, it should be kept until the contents of the
shipment have been checked for completeness and the in-
strument has been checked mechanically and electrically.
The contents of the shipment should be as shown in
Figure 1-1. The procedures for checking electrical per-
formance are given in Section I, paragraph 3-7, Self Test
and in Section IV, Performance Tests. If the shipment is
incomplete, if the instrument is damaged in any way, or
if the instrument does not pass the Performance Tests,
notify the nearest Hewlett-Packard office. Н the shipping
container is damaged, notify the carrier as well as Hewlett-
Packard. Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s
inspection. The HP office will arrange for repair or re-
placement without waiting for claim settlement.
2-5. PREPARATION FOR USE
2-6. Power Requirements
2-7. The 4192A requires a power source of 100, 120,
220 Volts ac +10%, or 240 Volts ac +5% -10%, 48 to
66Hz single phase; power consumption is 1350 VA maxi
mum.
WARNING
THIS IS A SAFETY CLASS 1 PRODUCT (PRO-
VIDED WITH A PROTECTIVE EARTH TERMI-
NAL). AN UNINTERRUPTIBLE SAFETY EARTH
GROUND MUST BE PROVIDED FROM THE MAIN
POWER SOURCE TO THE INSTRUMENTS IN-
PUT WIRING TERMINALS, POWER CORD, OR
SUPPLIED POWER CORD SET. WHENEVER THE
SAFETY EARTH GROUND HAS BEEN IM-
PAIRED, THE INSTRUMENT MUST BE MADE
INOPERATIVE AND BE SECURED AGAINST
ANY UNINTENDED OPERATION. IF THIS IN-
STRUMENT IS TO BE ENERGIZED VIA AN.
AUTOTRANSFORMER FOR VOLTAGE REDUC-
TION, MAKE SURE THAT THE COMMON TER-
MINAL IS CONNECTED TO THE EARTH POLE
OF THE POWER SOURCE.
2-8. Line Voltage and Fuse Selection
CAUTION
BEFORE CONNECTING THE INSTRUMENT TO THE
POWER SOURCE, make sure that the correct fuse has
been installed and that the line voltage selection switch
is set to the correct voltage.
2-5. Figure 2-1 provides instructions for line voltage
and fuse selection. The line voltage selection switch and
the proper fuse are factory installed for 100 or 120 volts
ac operation. Current ratings for the fuse are printed
under the fuseholder on the instrument's rear-panel and
are listed, with HP part numbers, in Figure 2-1.
CAUTION
Use the proper fuse for the line voltage selected. Make
sure that only fuses for the required rated current and of
the specified type are used for replacement. The use of
mended fuses or short-circuited fuse-holders must be
avoided.
2-1
Section II
Paragraphs 2-10 to 2-15
Model 4192 À
———— e LINE ———————
FUSE
VOLTAGE
SELECTOR
100V ~ —
Line Voltage Selection
Use a screwdriver to set the Line Voltage Selector
switch to the appropriate voltage. |
Fuse Removal
Using a screwdriver, turn the fuse holder CCW45° or
until it pops-out of the fuse socket.
Line Voltage Fuse Rating HP Part No.
1.25AT, 250V,
100V/120V Slow Blow 2110 — 0305
220v/240 | 9.646 250 | 2110— 0016
Slow Blow
Figure 2-1.
2-10. POWER CABLE
2-11. To protect operating personnel, the National
Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) recom-
mends that the instrument panel and cabinet be grounded.
The Model 4192A is equipped with a three-conductor
power cable which, when plugged into an appropriate ac
power receptacle, grounds the instrument. The offset pin
on the power cable is the ground wire.
2-12. To preserve the protection feature when operat-
ing the instrument from a two contact outlet, use a three
prong to two prong adapter (HP Part No. 1251-8196)
and connect the green pigtail on the adapter to power
line ground.
CAUTION
The mains plug must only be inserted in a socket outlet
provided with a protective earth contact. The protective
action must not be negated by the use of an extension
cord (POWER CABLE) without protective conductor
{GROUNDING).
2-13. Figure 2-2 shows the available power cords which
may be used in various countries. Also shown is the
standard power cord furnished with the instrument. HP
Part numbers, applicable standards for power plug, power
cord color, electrical characteristics and countries using
each power cord are listed in the figure. If assistance is
2-2
Line Voltage and Fuse Selection.
needed for selecting the correct power cable, contact the
nearest Hewlett-Packard office.
2-14. Interconnections
2-15. To interconnect the 4192A to an external con-
troller or peripheral device using the HP-IB interface
capability (IEEE Std. 488/ANSI-MC1.1), connect the HP-
IB interface cable between the HP-IB connector on the
rear panel of the 4192A and the HP-IB connector on the
peripheral device. Refer to paragraph 3-109 for details
on the HP-IB.
When an external frequency synthesizer is used, remove
the cable connected between the VCO OUTPUT and
EXT VCO connectors (located on the 4192A’s rear
panel), connect the OUTPUT of the external frequency
synthesizer to the EXT VCO connector, and connect the
IMHz or 10MHz REFERENCE OUTPUT of the external
frequency synthesizer to the 4192A's EXT REFERENCE
connector. Refer to paragraph 3-131 for details on using
an external frequency synthesizer,
When an X-Y recorder is used, connect the RECORDER
QUTPUTS connectors (located on the 4192A’°s rear
panel) to the X and Y axes connectors of the X-Y re-
corder. If the X-Y recorder is equipped with remote TTL
pen lift control, connect the 4192A’s PEN LIFT con-
nector to the X-Y recorders pen lift terminal, Refer to
paragraph 3-137 for details on using an X-Y recorder.
Моде! 4192 А
Section iI
Figure 2-2
OPTION 900 United Kingdom
Earth
) «E—— NeW tral
Plug : BS 1363A, 250V
Cable : HP 8120-1351
OPTION 961
Australia/ New Zealand
Line
Plug : NZSS 198/AS C112, 250V
Cable : HP 8120-1369
OPTION 902 European Continent
Earth
Earth >
Plug: CEE-VIL, 250V
Cable : HP 8120-1689
Neutral
OPTION 903 U.8./Canada
Plug : NEMA 5-15P, 125V, ISA
Cable : HP 8120-1378
OPTION 905** Any country
Neutral Farth
Plug: CEE 22-VI, 250V
Cable: HP 8120-1396
OPTION 906 Switzerland
Plug: SEV 1011.1959-24507 Type 12, 250V
Cable : HP 8120-2104
OPTION 912 Denmark
(Line
MA
Neutral 9
SH — Earth
Plug : DHCR 107, 220V
Cable: HP 8120-2956
plug body configurations (straight, 90 * ete.).
NOTE : Each option number includes a ' family '
of cords and connectors of various materials and
** Plug option 905 is frequently used for
interconnecting system components and
peripherals.
Figure 2-2. Power Cables Supplied.
Section Н
Paragraphs 2-16 to 2-22
2-16. Operating Environment
2-17, Temperature. The instrument may be operated in
environments with ambient temperatures from 0°C to
+55°C.
2-18. Humidity. The instrument may be operated in
environments with relative humidities to 95% at 40°C.
However, the instrument should be protected from
temperature extremes which cause condensation within
the instrument. |
2-19. INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
Modei 4192A
2-20. The 4192A can be operated on a bench or can be
rack-mounted. The 4192A is ready for bench operation
as shipped from the factory. For bench operation, the
instrument is equipped with two refractable legs that are
located on the bottom cover. They are extended by
pulling them away from the bottom cover.
2-21. Installation of Options 907, 908 and 909
2-22. The 4192A can be rack-mounted and operated as
part of a measurement system. Rack mounting informa-
tion for the 4192A is given in Figure 2-3.
. Kit ,
Remarks
Option Part Number Parts Included Part Number Q'ty emar
907 | Handle Kit Front Handle (3) 5060-9901 2
5061-0091 Trim Strip (4) 5060-8898 2
# 8-32 x 3/8 Screw 2510-0195 6 9.525 mm
908 Rack Flange Kit | Rack Mount Flange | (2) 5020-8864 2
5061-0079 # 8-32 x 3/8 Screw 2510-0193 6 9.525 mm
909 Rack Flange & Front Handle (3) 5060-9901 2
Handle Kit Rack Mount Flange (5) 5020-8876 2
5061-0085 # 8-32 x 5/8 Screw 2510-0194 6 15.875 mm
1. Remove the adhesive-backed trim strip (1)
from both sides of the front-panel frame.
2. HANDLE INSTALLATION: Attach the
handles (3) to both sides of the front-panel
frame with the screws provided, and attach
trim(4)
3, RACK MOUNTING: Attach rack mount
flange (2) to both sides of the front-panel
frame with the screws provided.
4, HANDLE AND RACK MOUNTING: Aftach
front handle (3) and rack mount flange (5)to
both sides of the front-panel frame with
screws provided.
5. When rack mounting (3 and 4 above), remove
the four instrument feet (lift tab, and slide
the foot in the direction of the tab).
Figure 2-3.
2-4
Rack Mount Kits.
Моде! 4192 А
2-23. STORAGE AND SHIPMENT
2-24. Environment
2-25, The instrument should be stored in a clean, dry
environment, The following environmental limitations
apply to both storage and shipment:
Temperature .............. ~55°C to +75°C
Humidity ........... SU to 95% (at 40°C)
The instrument should be protected from temperature
extremes which cause condensation inside the instrument.
2-26. Packaging
2-27. Original Packaging. Containers and materials
identical to those used in factory packaging are available
through Hewlett-Packard offices. If the instrument is
‘being returned to Hewlett-Packard for servicing, attach a
tag indicating the type of service required, return address,
model number, and full serial number. Also mark the
container FRAGILE to assure careful handling. In any
correspondence, refer to the instrument by model number
and full serial number.
Section II
Paragraphs 2-23 to 2-28
2-28. Other Packaging, The following general instruc-
tions should be used for repackaging with commercially
available materials:
a. - Wrap instrument in heavy paper or plastic. If shipping
to Hewlett-Packard office or service center, aftach tag
indicating type of service required, return address,
model number, and full serial number.
b. Use strong shipping container. A double-wailed
carton made of 350 pound test material is adequate.
c. Use enough shock absorbing material (3 to 4 inch
layer) around all sides of the instrument to provide
a firm cushion and prevent movement inside con-
tainer. Protect front-panel with cardboard.
d. Seal shipping container securely.
e. Mark shipping container FRAGILE to ensure care-
ful handling.
f. In any correspondence, refer to instrument by model
number and full serial number.
2-5
Model 4192A
Section
il
Paragraphs 3-1 and 3-2
3-1. INTRODUCTION
3-2. This section provides all the information neces-
sary to operate the Model 4192A LF Impedance
Analyzer. Included are descriptions of the front- and
rear-panel controls, displays, lamps, and connectors;
discussions on operating procedures and measuring
techniques for various applications; and instructions on
the instrument's SELF TEST function. A break-down
of the contents of this section is given in Figure 3-1.
Warnings, Cautions, and Notes are given throughtout;
they should be carefully observed to secure the safety
of the operator and the serviceability of the instrument.
WARNING
BEFORE THE INSTRUMENT IS SWITCHED ON,
ALL PROTECTIVE EARTH TERMINALS, EX-
TENSION CORDS, AUTO-TRANSFORMERS AND
DEVICES CONNECTED TO IT SHOULD BE
CONNECTED TO A PROTECTIVE EARTH
GROUNDED SOCKET. ANY INTERRUPTION OF
THE PROTECTIVE EARTH GROUNDING WILL
CAUSE A POTENTIAL SHOCK HAZARD THAT
COULD RESULT IN PERSONAL INJURY.
ONLY FUSES WITH THE REQUIRED RATED
CURRENT AND OF THE SPECIFIED TYPE
SHOULD BE USED. DO NOT USE REPAIRED
FUSES OR SHORT CIRCUITED FUSEHOLDERS.
TO DO SO COULD CAUSE A SHOCK OR FIRE
HAZARD.
be set to the voltage of the power source,
damage to the instrument may result.
Operating instructions
{paragraphs 3-3 thru 3-33)
Amplitude Phase Measurement |
Impedance Measurement
{paragraphs 3-34 thru 3-66)
—— "Y ны 0
Г a Extended Capabilities
{paragraphs 3-67 thru 3-108)
1
HP-IB Interface
{paragraphs 3-109 thru 3-130}
Recorder Outputs
1 (paragraphs 3-131 thru 3-136)
Ÿ
External Synthesizer
(paragraphs 3-137 and 3-138)
Internal Control Switch
{paragraphs 3-139 and 3-140)
ii dba errr rer mdd мамы ти = i WHE и Te wi tH FER = WHAM тит peed lle las
—— al ANA PT ттт аш ии сти ыы ыыы феи мы Зы Ни ИИ ны еше сани rreeeeed
Figure 3-1.
Contents of Section lil
Caution: Before the instrument is switched on, it must
Or
Section III
Paragraphs 3-3 to 3-6
3-3. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
3-4. Operating instructions for the instrument's basic
capabilities are given in paragraphs 3-5 through 3-33.
Operating instructions for extended capabilities (remote
operation via the HP-IB, X-Y Recorder Outputs, External
Synthesizer, and Internal Control Switches) are covered
in paragraphs 3-109 through 3-140.
Model 4192 A
35. Panel Features
3-6. Front- and rear-panel features are described in
Figures 3-2 and 3-3, respectively. More detailed informa-
tion on the panel displays and controls is given starting in
paragraph 3-7.
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(1) LINE OFF/ON
Applies ac line power to the instrument when set
to the ON position. Removes ac line power when
set to the OFF position.
(2) Trigger Lamp:
Comes on each time the instrument is internally,
externally, or manually triggered. Trigger mode is
set by the TRIGGER keys .
(3) DISPLAY A:
Displays the measured value of the parameter set
by the DISPLAY A Function Select Keys (15) .
Also displays error codes and messages, SELF
TEST 62) resuits, ZERO offset information,
and the HP-IB address ((5) in Figure 3-3). Maxi-
mum 4% digits; maximum display is 19999 for L
and C measurements, 12999 for other parameter
41
(9) OMOOMOLOJLO
measurements, Number of display digits depends
on OSC LEVEL (7) and the measuring range.
Display annunciators light to indicate the units of
the displayed value.
DISPLAY. B:
Displays the measured value of the parameter set
by the DISPLAY B Function Select Keys (16). If
the measurement cannot be made, OF2 or — — —
iS displayed. When DISPLAY À Function (5) is
set to A (dBm/dBV) or B (dBm/dBV), this dis-
play is blank. Maximum 4% digits; maximum dis-
play is 18000 for phase (9) measurements, 12999 -
for other parameter measurements. Number of
display digits depends on OSC LEVEL (7) and
the measuring range, Display annunciators light
to indicate the units of the displayed value.
Figure 3-2. Front Panel Features (Sheet 1 of 10}
3-2
Model 4192A
Section Hi
Figure 3-2
©
Test Parameter Data Display (DISPLAY С):
Displays test parameter values (FREQ. BIAS, and
OSC LEVEL). Test parameters are set by the test
PARAMETER Select keys (17). Maximum 7%
digits for frequency; 4% digits for OSC LEVEL
and DC BIAS. Annunciator lamps, located to the
right of the display, light to indicate the units of
the displayed value. Also displays error codes,
overflow annunciation, and information related
to the SAVE function.
BIAS ON Indicator:
Comes on when dc bias is applied to the DUT;
goes off when the BIAS OFF key is pressed.
A/A% Keys and Indicators:
These keys — one for DISPLAY A and one for
DISPLAY B — are used for deviation (A) or per-
cent deviation (A%) measurement. For percent
deviation (A%), the key (37) must be pressed
before the A/A% key,
A (Delta): The difference between the measured
value of the DUT and a previously
stored reference value is displayed by
pressing this key, The formula used to
calculate the deviation is
А — В
where A is the measured value of the
DUT and B is the stored reference
value
Аб: The difference between the measured
value of the DUT and a previously
stored reference value is displayed as a
percentage of the reference value.
The formula used to calculate the per-
cent deviation 1s
A—B
B
where À is the measured value of the
DUT and B is the stored reference
value.
x 100 (%)
CHANNEL B (TEST INPUT) Connector:
Used in conjunction with CHANNEL A (9) and
OSC OUTPUT (11) in transmission characteristics
measurements, i.e., gain/loss (B—A), level (A or
B), phase, group delay. Output port of the net-
work under test is connected to this connector.
Input impedance is 1 MO + 2%, shunted by 25 pF
+ 5 pF. Maximum input voltage is AC 2 Vrms
and DC + 35V,
CHANNEL A (REFERENCE INPUT) Connector:
Used in conjunction with CHANNEL B and
OSC OUTPUT (17) in transmission characteristics
measurements, i.e., gain/loss (B—A), level (A or
B), phase, group delay. The 5 Hz — 13 MHz signal
from OSC OUTPUT Go) is simultaneously applied
to the input port of the network under test and
this connector. Input impedance, shunt capa-
citance, and maximum input voltage of CHAN-
NEL À are the same as those of CHANNEL B(3).
CABLE LENGTH Switch:
This switch has meaning in impedance measure-
ments only. It facilitates balancing of the measur-
ing bridge circuit and minimizes measurement
errors when the standard 1 meter test leads are
used.
Im: Set the switch to this position when using
the standard 1 meter test leads. Appropriate
compensation is made for propagation delay
and phase error caused by the test leads in
high frequency measurements.
О: Set the switch to this position when using a
direct attachment type test fixture (connects
to the UNKNOWN terminals (12)).
OSC QUTPUT Connector:
Used in conjunction with CHANNEL A (9) and
CHANNEL B in transmission characteristics
measurements, ie. gainfloss (B—A), level (A or B),
phase, group delay. Provides a SHz to 13 MHz
stimulus signal for the network under test (output
of network is connected to CHANNEL B(g)) and
the reference signal for CHANNEL A(9). Output
impedance is approximately 5042.
UNKNOWN Terminais: —
Used for impedance/phase measurements — | Z|,
Yl, R, G, L, C, X, B, phase — these four BNC
connectors provide the means to connect DUT's
— components or networks — in a four terminal
pair configuration: High current terminal (Hour),
High potential terminal (Hpor), Low current
terminal (Leur), and Low potential terminal
(Грот). Four terminal pair test fixture attaches
directly to these terminals.
GROUND Terminal:
This terminal is tied to the instrument's chassis
ground and can be used in measurements that
require guarding.
Figure 3-2. Front Panel Features (Sheet 2 of 10)
3-3
Section 1H
Figure 3-2
Model 4192A
(5)
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HP-1B Status Indicators and LOCAL key: MODE (27) is set to [He , the inst-
These four LED lamps — SRQ, LISTEN, TALK, rument measures |Y | (absolute value
and REMOTE — indicate the status of the 4192A of the DUT”s admittance) and 8 (phase
when it в interfaced with a controller via the angle) in degrees or radians; the re-
HP-IR. sults are displayed on DISPLAY A
The LOCAL key, when pressed, releases the in- (IY!) and DISPLAY B (98) to provide
strument from REMOTE (HP-IB) control and a polar representation (IY 146) of the
enables front-panel control. The LOCAL key DUT’s admittance.
oes not function when the instrument is set to К/С: When CIRCUIT MODE is set to
ocal lockout by the controller. .
{ire , the instrument measures R
DISPLAY À Function Select Keys and Indicators: (resistance of the DUT) and X (react-
These keys — and … are used in con- ance of the DUT}; the results are dis-
junction with the CIRCUIT MODE keys to played on DISPLAY A (R) and DIS-
select the primary measurement parameter for PLAY B (X) to provide a rectangular
display on DISPLAY A. The selectable parameters (Cartesian) representation (RjX) of
are 1Z1/IYI, R/G, L, C, B-A (dB), A (dBm/dBV), the DUT's impedance.
or B (dBm/dBV). The selected parameter is in- When CIRCUIT MODE (27) is set to
dicated by the corresponding LED lamp. Pressing. o, the instrument measures G
either of these keys shifts the selected parameter (conductance) and B (susceptance);
in the indicated direction ( [5] , ). the results are displayed on DISPLAY
IZI/IYl: When CIRCUIT MODE (3) is set to А (©) and DISPLAY B (B) to provide
AUTO or _ the instrument a rectangular (Cartesian) representa
measures IZl (absolute value of the tion (G+B) of the DUT's admittance.
DUT’s impedance) and 0 (phase angle) L: Measures inductance and — depending
in degrees or radians (depends on DIS-
PLAY A Function setting); the
results are displayed on DISPLAY A
(1Z1) and DISPLAY B (9) to provide
a polar representation (1Z1!L9) of the
DUT’s impedance. When CIRCUIT
on the setting of DISPLAY B Func-
tion — O (quality factor), D (dis-
sipation factor), or R/G (equivalent.
series resistance or equivalent parallel
conductance | to measure GG, CIRCUIT
MODE (27) must be set to Fo 1:
Figure 3-2. Front Panel Features {Sheet 3 of 10)
Model 4192A
Section II
Figure 3-2
the results are displayed on DISPLAY
A and DISPLAY B, respectively.
С: Measures capacitance and — depending
on the setting of DISPLAY 8 Func-
tion — © (quality factor), D (dis-
sipation factor, or R/G (equivalent
series resistance or equivalent parallel
conductance [to measure G, CIRCUIT
MODE (27) must be set to orto |);
the results are displayed on DISPLAY
A(3) and DISPLAY B (4), respectively.
B-A (dB) : Measures the relative amplitude of the
reference input (CHANNEL A (9)) and
the test input (CHANNEL B(8)). The
result is displayed on DISPLAY A(3).
Also measures group delay or phase in
degrees or radians (selected by DIS-
PLAY B Function G6)).
The value displayed on DISPLAY A
(3) is the gain or loss of the network
under test. Group delay or phase is
displayed on DISPLAY B(2).
A (dBm/dBV) :
Measures the absolute amplitude of
the reference input (CHANNEL A
(9)) in dBm or dBV (selected by GAIN
MODE Select key @6)). Amplitude
is displayed on DISPLAY A(3)
When this parameter is selected, DIS-
PLAY B Function (6) has no select-
able parameters and DISPLAY B(4) is
blank.
B (dBm/dBV) :
Measures the absolute amplitude of
the test input (CHANNEL B (8):
identical to A (dBm/dBV) in all other
respects.
DISPLAY B Function Select Key and Indicators:
This key, (9) , is used in conjunction with the
CIRCUIT MODE keys (27) to select the secondary
measurement parameter for display on DISPLAY
B (9). Selectable parameters are 0 (phase), Q
(quality factor), D {dissipation factor), R/G (equi-
valent series resistance or equivalent parallel con-
ductance), and GROUP DELAY. Phase (6) can
only be selected when DISPLAY A Function (15)
is set to 1Z1/1Y! or B-A (dB); Q, D, and R/G,
only when DISPLAY A Function is set to L or C:
GROUP DELAY, only when DISPLAY A Func-
tion is set to B-A (dB).
the indicated direction ( ).
The selected parameter is indicated by the corres-
ponding LED lamp.
Pressing this key shifts the selected parameter in
8 (des): Measures, in degrees, the phase angle
of |Z} (absolute impedance of the
DUT) or ¡Y | (absolute admittance of
the DUT).
0 (rad): Measures, in radians, the phase angle
of |Z | (absolute impedance of the
DUT) or 1Y | (absolute admittance of
the DUT).
X/B : These parameters are automatically
selected when DISPLAY À Function
is set to R/G. X is the reactance
of DUT’s impedance; B is the sus-.
ceptance of the DUT’s admittance.
О: Measures the quality factor of the
DUT. DISPLAY A Function (15) must
be set to L (inductance) or C {capac-
itance).
D : Measures the dissipation factor of the
DUT. DISPLAY A Function (15) must
be set to L (inductance) or C (capac-
tance).
R/G : Measures the resistance or conductance
of the DUT. DISPLAY À Function
(15) must be set to L (inductance) or €
(capacitance). CIRCUIT MODE keys
(27) determine which of the two para-
meters (R or G) is selected,
GROUP DELAY:
Measures the group delay between the
reference input (CHANNEL A ©)
and test input (CHANNEL B(8)). Can
only be selected when DISPLAY A
Function is set to B-A (dB).
6 (deg) : Measures, in degrees, the phase differ-
ence between the reference input
(CHANNEL A (9)) and test input
(CHANNEL B (8). Can only be
selected when DISPLAY A Function
is set to B-A (dB).
6 (rad): Measures, in radians, the phase differ-
ence between the reference input
(CHANNEL A (9)) and test input
(CHANNEL B (8)). Can only be
selected when DISPLAY A Function
(15) is set to B-A (dB).
Figure 3-2. Front Panel Features (Sheet 4 of 10)
Section IH
Figure 3-2
Model 4192A
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(7) Test PARAMETER Select Keys and Indicators:
These keys are used in conjunction with the
DATA input keys (19), ENTER keys (20), and the
BLUE key (37) to assign values to the various test
parameters; to monitor the test parameters; to
save and recall front-panel control settings; and to
input reference data for deviation and percent
deviation (A/A% 7) measurements. Pressing a
test parameter key will cause the value of the
selected test parameter to be displayed on the
Test Parameter Data Display (5). Lighted indi-
cator lamp (center of each key) indicates selected
test parameter. Only one test parameter can be
selected. Test parameters labelled in blue are
accessible by first pressing the BLUE key E.
SPOT FREQ/BIAS:
For single point measurements. Sets
the spot frequency and spot bias.
When spot bias is set, BIAS ON In-
dicator (5) lights,
STEP FREQ/BIAS:
For swept measurements,
step (increment) frequency
{increment) bias.
START FREQ/BIAS :
For swept measurements.
start frequency and start bias.
STOP FREQ/BIAS :
For swept measurements,
stop frequency and stop bias.
OSC LEVEL :
Sets the voltage (rms) of the internal
frequency synthesizer.
REF A: For deviation and percent deviation
(A/A% (7) measurements, Sets the
reference value for DISPLAY A.
REF B : For deviation and percent deviation
(A/ A% ©) measurements. Sets the
reference value for DISPLAY B.
Sets the
and step
Sets the
Sets thel
3-6
Figure 3-2. Front Panel Features (Sheet 5 of 10)
Model 4192 A
Section HI
Figure 3-2
TEST LEVEL MONITOR Key and Indicator:
Pressing this key displays the level of the test
signal applied to the DUT or, if the BLUE key
(37) is first pressed, the current through the DUT
on the Test Parameter Data Display (5). The ap-
propriate annunciator lamp will light.
DATA input Keys:
These keys (0 thru 9, decimal point, and minus
sign) are used to input test parameter values,
register numbers for SAVE (22) and RCL
functions, and reference data for DISPLAY A
(REF A) and DISPLAY B (REF B) deviation
measurements (A/ A% G). Data is displayed on
the Test Parameter Data Display (5) as it is input.
Each key has a control function — labelied in blue
above the key — which is accessible via the BLUE
key @). These control functions are explained
individually in (28) thru (36).
ENTER Keys:
These keys instruct the instrument to read the
test parameter data and reference data set by the
PARAMETER Select keys (17) and DATA Input
keys (19). Data are not input until one of these
keys is pressed.
MHz, V : Enters the value input from the
| DATA Input keys in MHz for
frequency parameters or V for bias
parameters.
kHz, mV : Enters the value input from the
DATA Input keys in kHz for
frequency parameters or mV for bias
parameters.
Hz, REF DATA:
Enters the value input from the
DATA Input key (19) in Hz for fre-
quency parameters or as reference
data for deviation measurements.
RCL (Recall) Key:
This key is used to return the instrument to the
front-panel control settings, test parameter values,
calibration data (ZERO OPEN/SHORT (29), and
reference data saved by the SAYE key (22).
DATA Input keys (19) O thru 4 are used to select
the desired register. For example, to return the
instrument to the control settings stored in
register 0, press ol and
SAVE Key:
This key is used to save (store) front-panel con-
trol settings, test parameter values, calibration
data (ZERO OPEN/SHORT (29)), and reference
data. There are five registers (0 thru 4), so five
sets of control settings can be saved. And because
the registers are nonvolatile, saved control settings
can be recalled (RCL key 27) even if the instru-
ment has been turned off, To store existing con-
SAVE FREF
trol settings, press | and enter the register
number from the DATA Input keys
Figure 3-2. Front Panel Features (Sheet 6 of 10)
3-7
Section MT
Моде! 4192 А
Figure 3-2
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(23) SWEEP Control Keys and indicator: the sweep step or sweep direction to
These keys control the instruments sweep func- be changed. Sweep is restarted by
tion. Frequency, bias voltage, and oscillator level pressing the START UP or START
can be swept. (Oscillator level can be swept in DOWN key,
MAN. mode only.) BIAS ON indicator (6) must START DOWN -
be on for bias. voltage sweep; off for frequency
Starts the frequency or bias voltage
sweep. The MAN AUTO key controls the sweep
sweep from the value set by the STOP
mode. Indicator comes on in AUTO mode. The | FREQ./BIAS test parameter key (17).
functions of the other keys are described below Sweeps down at the increment (step)
for each mode. For log sweep, press the LOG set by the STEP FREQ./BIAS test
SWEEP key (35). parameter key (17). Also restarts the
AUTO sweep after a PAUSE,
START UP: MAN.
Starts the frequency or bias voltage STEP UP : Each time this key is pressed, the fre-
sweep from the value set by the quency or bias voltage is incremented
START FREQ./BIAS test parameter by the value set by the STEP FREQ./
key (т). Sweeps up at the increment BIAS test parameter key (17). If the
(step) set by the STEP FREQ./BIAS OSC LEVEL or TEST LEVEL MON-
test parameter key ITOR key is pressed, oscillator level
Also restarts the sweep after a PAUSE. will be incremented by 1mV (when
PAUSE: Temporarily stops the sweep to allow level ig less than 100mV) or 5mV
Figure 3-2. Front Panel Features (Sheet 7 of 10)
Model 4192A
Section HI
Figure 3-2
(when level is greater than 100mV)
each time this key is pressed. Sweep
becomes continuous when fhis Key is
pressed and held.
X10 STEP:
This key is used with the STEP UP
{©} or STEP DOWN [©] key. Holding
this key down while pressing STEP UP
or STEP DOWN increases the sweep
step value by a factor of ten.
STEP DOWN :
Each time this key is pressed, the fre-
quency or bias voliage is decremented
by the value set by the STEP FREQ./
BIAS test parameter key (17). If the
OSC LEVEL key or TEST LEVEL
MONITOR key is pressed, oscillator
level will be decremented by 1mV
(when level is less than 100mV) or
S5mV (when level is greater than
100mV) each time this key is pressed.
Sweep becomes continuous when this
key is pressed and held.
TRIGGER:
These keys select the trigger mode for triggering
measurement (Internal, External or Hold/Manual):
INT : Internal trigger signal enables instru-
ment to make repeated automatic
measurements. Measurement speed
varies depending on the type of meas-
urement, oscillator frequency, and
whether normal, average, or high
speed 1s selected.
EXT: Measurement is triggered by external
trigger signal through rear panel EXT
TRIGGER input connector (in
Figure 3-3).
HOLD/MANUAL :
Measurement is triggered each time
this key is pushed. Measurement data
is held until the next time the key is
pressed.
ZY RANGE Select Keys and Indicator:
In impedance measurements, these keys select the
measurement range and ranging method of the
absolute value of impedance (Zi: 1 Q- 1MO)
or admittance (IY 1: 10uS ~ 10u8).
AUTO (when indicator is lit} :
Optimum range for the sample value is
automatically selected.
MANUAL (when indicator is not lit) :
Measurement range is fixed (even
when the sample is changed). Manual
ranging is done by pressing adjacent
DOWN ( [5] ) or UP ( fo) ) key.
Note: Pressing DOWN ( ) or UP ( TE] ) key
sets the ranging mode to Manual even if
the ranging mode was set to AUTO.
GAIN MODE Selector Key:
In amplitude/phase measurements, these keys
select the appropriate unit for A (absolute ampli-
tude of reference input) and B {absolute amplitude
of test input).
dBm : Displays absolute amplitude in dBm
(=20 log, V + 13.01).
dBV : Displays absolute amplitude in dBV
(=20 log, VY)
CIRCUIT MODE Selector Key:
These keys select desired measurement circuit
mode to be used for R/G, C, or L measurement.
AUTO: Automatically selects appropriate par-
allel or series equivalent circuit for
the sample value. When ZY RANGE
(25) up-ranges from the 1k$2 (10ms)
range to 10kS2 (Ims) range, circuit
mode changes from e-E-wto MT.
When ZY RANGE down-ranges
from the 1008 (100ms) range to
1082 (1s) range, circuit mode changes
from Lt томе.
3e! | Selects equivalent series circuit.
Je :
Note: In iZ\/\Y\ measurements, ranging does
not affect the measurement circuit mode,
CIRCUIT MODE keys are used to select
171 ог 1Х |. When the circuit mode is set
to AUTO or wo ,; ZI is selected;
when the circuit mode is set to ota,
| Y | is selected,
Selects equivalent parallel circuit,
Figure 3-2. Front Panel Features (Sheet 8 of 10)
Section III
Figure 3-2
Model 4192A
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N MODE
BIAS OFF Key:
This key disables internal dc bias operation.
When this key is pressed, no dc bias is applied to
the DUT and BIAS ON indicator(s) goes off,
ZERO Offset Keys and Indicators:
These keys perform compensation for the residuals
present in the test fixture, test leads, and meas-
urement circuit. ZERO offset can be performed
for one spot frequency only. If the spot frequen-
cy in changed, ZERO offset must be performed
again.
OPEN : If this key is pressed when the test
fixture or test leads are terminated
OPEN and the indicator is off, meas-
ured value at this time is stored as
residual admittance (G + jB) data and
the indicator comes on. While the
indicator is on, compensation for the
residuals 1s made,
Note: The nine secondary functions, (28) thru (36) 36) of the DATA Input keys(i9)are accessible by first pressing the BLUE
key (31)
|
ED
SHORT : If this key is pressed when the test
fixture or test leads are SHOR Ted and
the indicator is off, measured value at
this time is stored as residual imped-
ance (R +jX) data and the indicator
comes on. While the indicator is lit,
compensation for the residuals is
made.
AVERAGE Key and Indicator:
This key sets the 4192A to thé average measure-
ment mode. In the average measurement mode
(when the indicator is lit), measurement data has
a higher resolution and repeatability than meas-
urement data in the normal or high speed meas-
urement mode. This function is released by
repressing the key after pressing the Blue key (37)
or by setting the 4192A to the high speed meas-
urement mode (31).
3-10
Figure 3-2. Front Panel Features (Sheet 9 of 10)
Model 4192 A
Section IH
Figure 3-2
HIGH SPEED Key and Indicator:
This key sets the 4192A to the high speed meas-
urement mode. In the high speed measurement
mode (when the indicator is hit), measurement
time is shorter (approximately %) than the
measurement time in the normal measurement
mode. This function is released by repressing the
key after pressing the BLUE key (37) or by setting
the 4192 A to the average measurement mode.
SELF TEST Key and Indicator:
This key initiates the instrument’s SELF TEST
function. During SELF TEST (when the in-
dicator is on), six tests, which check the basic
functional operation of the instrument, are auto-
matically performed. The results (Pass or Fail)
are displayed on DISPLAY A(3). When the SELF
TEST is completed, this mode is released auto-
matically and normal measurement mode (indt
cator is off) is set.
X-Y RECORDER Function Keys and Indicator:
These keys control the instrument’s analog out-
put capability, Voltage proportional to the
measurement results is oufput from the X-Y
RECORD OUTPUT connectors (see (17) in Figure
3-3) located on the instrument’s rear-panel.
(Graphs can be plotted with this capability.
ON : Analog data representing the meas-
urement results and test parameter
value (frequency/bias} are output
from the DISPLAY A, DISPLAY B,
and FREQ./BIAS RECORDER OUT-
PUTS on the rear-panel. Indicator
lamp is on in this state.
OFF No analog data is output, and X-Y Re-
corder zero- and full-scale adjustments
can be made. Indicator lamp is off in
this state.
+ LL: Provides a reference voltage (OV) from
each rear-panel RECORDER OUT-
PUT. Used for zero-scale adjustment
of the X-Y Recorder. When this key is
pushed, the recorder pen will be
positioned at the lowerdeft (X and Y
are zero) of the piot area.
UR +: Provides a reference voltage (1V) from
each rear-panel RECORDER OUT-
PUT. Used for full-scale adjustment
of the X-Y Recorder. When this key is
pushed, the recorder pen will be posi-
tioned at the upper-right (X and Y are
maximum} of the plot area.
STORE DSPL A/B Key:
This key simultaneously memorizes the measured
values displayed on DISPLAY A (3) and DIS-
PLAY B as reference values for deviation
measurement.
LOG SWEEP Key and Indicator:
This key sets the log sweep mode. In the log
sweep mode {when the indicator is on), the fre-
quency is swept at 20 steps/decade. The steps are
automatically selected at logarithmic regular
intervals between the decade of the START fre-
quency and the decade of the STOP frequency.
STEP. FREQ. has no meaning in log sweep. This
function is released by repressing the key (after
pressing the BLUE key (7).
SWEEP ABORT Key:
This key releases sweep frequency (bías voltage)
measurement and activates a spot frequency
measurement at the frequency (voltage) point
where the sweep is aborted.
BLUE Key:
This key is pressed prior to pressing a blue label
function key to interchange a normal key func-
tion with a blue label function.
This key is pressed to access and release the func-
tions and test parameters labeled in blue on the
Test PARAMETER keys (17), DATA Input keys
(19), and the A/A% keys(7)
Figure 3-2. Front Panel Features (Sheet 10 of 10}
Section III
Figure 3-3
Model 4192A
EXT ME i
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VCO QUTPUT Connector:
Female BNC connector; outputs a 40.000005MHz
to 33MHz signal from the internal synthesizer.
This connector is normally connected to the EXT
VCO connector (2) with a short-connector.
EXT VCO Connector:
Female BNC connector; receives a 40.000605 MHz
to 53MHz (input level: OdBm ~ 3dBm) signal
to generate the measurement frequency (5Hz to
13MHZ). This connector can be connected to an
external frequency synthesizer for better ac-
curacy, stability, and resolution; orto the instru»
ment’s internal synthesizer. Normally connected
to the VCO OUTPUT connector (1) with a short-
connector,
EXT REFERENCE Connector;
Female BNC connector; receives a 1MHZ or
10MHz reference signal from an external signal
source to improve the stability of the internal
synthesizer. Input impedance is approximately
5082.
1MHz QUTPUT Connector:
Female BNC connector; outputs a 1MHz square
wave (21.6 Vp-p) to phase-lock external instru-
ments. Output impedance is approximately 502.
HP-1B Control Switch:
This switch sets the instruments HP-IB address
(0 ~ 30), data output format (A or B), and inter-
face capability (Talk Only or Addressable).
Specific information on this switch is given in
paragraph 3-117.
HP-1B Connector:
Twenty-four pin connector; connects the instru-
ment to the HP-IB for remote operations.
EXT TRIGGER Connector:
This connector is used to externally trigger the
instrument by inputting an external trigger signal.
TRIGGER key on front panel should be set to
EXT. Specific information is provided in para-
graph 3-22.
Figure 3-3. Rear Panel Features (Sheet 1 of 2)
Model 4192A
Section III
Figure 3-3
~ LINE VOLTAGE SELECTOR Switch:
These switches select the appropriate ac
operating voltage. Selectable voltages are
100V/120V +10% and 220V +10%/240V +5%
-10% (486v66HZ), Refer to paragraph 2-8.
~ LINE FUSE Holder:
Instrument’s powerline fuse is installed in this
holder.
100V/120V operation : 1,25AT, 250V
(HP P/N: 2110-0305)
220V/240Y operation : 0.6AT, 250V
(HP P/N: 2110-0016)
Refer to paragraph 2-8.
~ LINE Input Receptacle:
AC power cord is connected to this receptacle,
Refer to paragraph 2-10,
RECORDER OUTPUTS Connectors:
These connectors output dc voltages proportional
to the measurement display outputs and test fre-
quency {or internal dc bias voltage), and a pen
control signal for the X-Y recorder. Results of
swept (frequency of bias) measurements can be
plotted by connecting an X-Y recorder to these
connectors.
PEN LIFT connector :
Outputs pen up/down control signal.
When the 4192 A is set as follows, this
connector outputs a LOW level TTL
signal (pen down).
(1) X-Y RECORDER key on the
front-panel is set to ON.
(2) START UP key or START
DOWN key is pressed when X-Y
RECORDER and SWEEP MAN/
AUTO keys on the front-panel are
set to ON.
At other times, this connector outputs
a HIGH level TTL signal (pen up).
FREQ/BIAS connector :
Outputs voltage proportional to the
test frequency or internal dc bias volt-
age (from OV at START frequency/
voltage to IV at STOP frequency/
voltage). The output voltage is pro-
portional to the logarithm of the fre-
quency when LOG SWEEP is set to
ON.
DISPLAY B connector :
Outputs voltage proportional to the
value displayed on DISPLAY В.
Normalized value is IV {max.).
DISPLAY A connector:
Outputs voltage proportional to the
value displayed on DISPLAY A. Nor
malized value is IV {(max.).
Refer to paragraph 3-121 for specifics.
Figure 3-3. Rear Panel Features (Sheet 2 of 2)
3-13
Section HI
Paragraphs 3-7 to 3-10
3-7. SELF TEST
3-8. The 4192A is equipped with an automatic self-
diagnostic function that can be initiated at any time to
confirm normal operation of the instruments basic
functions. The SELF TEST can be initiated from the
front-panel by pressing the BLUE key and the SELF
TEST key, or via HP-IB remote control (program code
S1). When the SELF TEST is initiated (indicator lamp is
on), the six tests listed in Table 3-1 are automatically
performed and the results (pass code or one of the error
codes listed in the table) are displayed on DISPLAY A.
Н no errors are detected, PASS is displayed on DIS-
PLAY À and the instrument is returned to normal
measurement mode (SELF TEST indicator is off). If
an error is detected, the corresponding error code is
displayed on DISPLAY A and the SELF TEST stops.
If the instrument fails the SELF TEST, contact the
nearest Hewlett-Packard Service Office (see list at back
of this manual).
Note: An abbreviated SELF TEST, which includes test
1 fone second only), 2, 3, and 6 (at 100 kHz only)
of the standard SELF TEST, is performed each
time the instrument is turned on, During this
abbreviated SELF TEST, only error codes are
displayed.
Model 4192A
3-9. Initial Control Settings
3-10. To facilitate operation, the instrument 1s auto-
matically set to the following initial control settings each
time it is turned on:
Panel Controis :
DISPLAY A 111404114141 11 40 140 +6 |Z]
DISPLAY B ....... ук. g (deg)
Test Parameter Data Display .. SPOT FREQ
BIAS KK OFF
ZERO OPEN 1111110414 44 aa 0 OFF
ZERO SHORT 1104140014 40 600000 OFF
AVERAGE 110114040414 41 40 ee 0 OFF
HIGH SPEED 111001414444 1144 OFF
SELF TEST redee. OFF
X-YRECORDER ................. OFF
LOG SWEEP arre OFF
SWEEP 11104040 142 44 44 4 04 0 8000 0 OFF
CIRCUIT MODE ........ AUTO ( Im)
GAIN MODE .................... dBm
ZY RANGE... errar AUTO
TRIGGER 112241441004 440 an 6 INT
ADTs 4 LL La A aa a a ea 00 OFF
Table 3-1. 4192A SELF TEST
Test Number
Description
Display
Pass Fail
All numerical displays and indicator lamps on the front-panel come on
} and remain on as long as the SELF TEST key 1s being pressed. Check P-O 1} *
that all displays and indicator lamps are on.
2 Checks four RAM’s (Random Access Memory). P-02 E-20, E-21
3 Checks fourteen ROMs (Read Only Memory). P-03 F-30 ~ E-43
4 Checks that the interrupt signal is present and that it is of the correct P-04 E-50, E-51
frequency.
5 Checks the integrator in the VRD (Vector Raito Detector) circuit. P-05 E-61, E-62
6 Checks that the frequency setting of the internal synthesizer is normal- P-06 E-70, E-71, E-72
ly done at each decade.
*P-01 indicates that test | has been completed. It does not mean that the instrument has passed test I, The
operator must determine whether the instrument has passed or failed this test.
3-14
Model 4192 À
Test Parameters ;
SPOTFREQ................... 100kHz
STEP FREO ..... aaa | kHz
STOPFREQ................ ... 13 MHz
START FREQ 1.102114 1211111120 5 Hz
OSC LEVEL eri. i Vrms
SPOT BIAS 111110441114 11e 4 4 a 440 OV
STEP BÍAS.... aaa. 1V
START BIAS ..... une ‚35V
STOP BIAS ee +35 \
REF A 111111001041 LL LL CL 0
REF Been ea ae 0
3-11. Displays
3-12. The 4192A has three display sections: DISPLAY
A, DISPLAY B, and a Test Parameter Data Display (here-
inafter called DISPLAY C). DISPLAY A and DISPLAY
B are the primary displays; they are described in para-
graphs 3-13 and 3-14, respectively. DISPLAY © is
described in paragraph 3-15. The BIAS ON Indicator is
described in paragraph 3-16.
3-13. DISPLAY A provides direct readout of the
primary measurement parameter in amplitude/phase
measurements and impedance measurements.
In impedance measurements, DISPLAY A displays the
absolute value of the vector impedance, |Z; the absolute
value of the vector admittance, |Y |; resistance, R; con-
ductance, G; inductance, L; or capacitance, C. In ampii-
tude/phase measurements, DISPLAY A displays the
measured value of B-A (dB), the gain or loss between
CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B; A (dBm/dBV), the
amplitude of the signal input to CHANNEL A; or B
(dBm/dBV), the amplitude of the signal input to CHAN-
NEL B.
Al! values are displayed with a maximum of 4% digits.
The actual number of display digits depends on the
setting of other control functions such as OSC LEVEL,
ZY RANGE, etc. Maximum display is 19999 for in-
ductance and capacitance measurements, 12999, for all
other parameters. Decimal point and the appropriate unit
annunciator (e.g., pF, mH, uS, MM) are also displayed.
If the selected measurement cannot be made, because the
value of the DUT is outside the instrument’s measure-
ment range or because the front-panel controls are ir-
correctly set, one of the following will be displayed.
OF 1 —
OF2 E-06
UCL E-07
Refer to Tables 3-2 and 3-3 for the meaning of each of
Section ii
Paragraphs 3-11 to 3-17
these annunciations. When a SHORT or OPEN ZERO
offset adjustment is being made, CAL is displayed. DIS-
PLAY A also displays the pass- and error-codes (P-Ul
through P-06 and E-20 through E-73) related to the
instruments SELF TEST function. Refer to Table 34
for the meanings of SELF TEST error-codes E-20 through
E-73.
3-14. DISPLAY B provides direct readout of the
secondary measurement parameter in amplitude-phase
measurements and impedance measurements. This dis-
play is blank when DISPLAY À function is set to À
(dBm/dBV) or B (dBm/dBV).
In impedance measurements, DISPLAY B displays the
value of the impedance/admittance; phase angle, 6
(degrees or radians); reactance, X; susceptance, B:
quality factor, Q; dissipation factor, D; resistance, R; or
conductance, G.
In amplitude/phase measurements, DISPLAY B displays
either group delay or phase difference, 6 (degrees or
radians).
Refer to paragraph 3-13 for specifics on number of digits,
maximum display, unit annunciators, etc.
If the selected measurement cannot be made, OF2 or
… — — is displayed. Refer to Table 3-3 for the meaning
of these annunciations,
3-15. DISPLAY C dispiays all test parameter data —
SPOT FREQ/BIAS, STEP FREQ/BIAS, START FREQ/
BIAS, STOP FREQ/BIAS, OSC LEVEL, TEST LEVEL,
and REF A or REF B value. Frequency is displayed with
a maximum of 7% digits; BIAS, OSC LEVEL, and TEST
LEVEL are displayed with a maximum of 4 digits; and
REF A and REF B values are displayed with a maximum
of 4% digits. Error-codes displayed on DISPLAY C are
discussed in paragraph 3-17.
3-16. The BIAS ON Indicator comes on to wam the
operator that the instrument is applying a dc bias voltage
across the DUT.
3-17. Error-codes and annunciations related to operator
error and out-of-range measurement are listed and de-
scribed in Tables 3-2 and 3-3, respectively. Error-codes
for errors detected during SELF TEST are listed and de-
scribed in Table 3-4. If the instrument fails the SELF
TEST, i.e., if one of the error-codes listed in Table 3-4 is
displayed on DISPLAY A, contact the nearest Hewlett-
Packard Sales/Service Office.
Section HI
Tables 3-2 and 3
-3
Table 3-2. Operational Errror-codes
Model 4192A
Error-code Meaning
1-01 An attempt was made to input a test parameter value or reference value that is out-of-range.
AUTO SWEEP was attempted when the selected test parameter was REF A, REF B, OSC
E-02 LEVEL, or TEST LEVEL MONITOR; or MAN SWEEP was attempted when the selected test
parameter was REF À or REF B.
E-03 AUTO or MAN SWEEP was attempted when the STOP FREQ. (or BIAS) is lower than the
START FREQ. (or BIAS).
E-04 MAN SWEEP was attempted when the SPOT FREQ. (or BIAS) is lower than the START FREQ.
(or BIAS) or higher than the STOP FREQ. (or BIAS).
E-05 The STORE DSPL A/B key was pressed when DISPLAY A and/or DISPLAY B is set to A/A%
‘ measurement or is displaying OF1, OF2, UCL, or — — —.
E06 REF A, REF B, A, or A% key was pressed when no reference data for the deviation measure-
ment is stored.
НО ZERO OPEN or ZERO SHORT operation could not be properly performed.
E-08 SAVE 5~ 9 or RCL (Recall) 5~ 9 was attempted (only memory locations 0 ~ 4 are available).
E-09 RCL (Recall) was attempted on an empty memory,
£10 In swept frequency measurements of Group Delay, STEP FREQ. is too low for the START
FREQ./STOP FREQ. sweep range. |
Table 3-3. Annunciations (Sheet 1 of 2)
DISPLAY Meanings
A B DISPLAY A DISPLAY B
OFI == — Measured value of |Z! or IY! ex- | Measurement cannot be performed.
ceeds 130% of full scale of the ZY
RANGE,
OF? Significant value | Measured value exceeds 200% of full | Measurement is performed correct-
scale of display range. iy.
Significant value OF? Measurement is performed correct- | Measured value exceeds 200% of
iv, fuil scale of display range.
OF2 OF2 Measured value exceeds 200% of full | Measured value exceeds 200% of
scale of display range. fuil scale of display range.
*1
UCL —— The instrument’s internal measure- Measurement cannot be performed.
ment circuit is saturated.
3-16
Section HI
Model 4192A Tables 3-3 and 3-4
Table 3-3, Annunciations {Sheet 2 of 2)
DISPLAY Meanings
A B DISPLAY A DISPLAY B
Significant value = ее = Measurement is performed correct- | Measurement cannot be performed
ly. because:
(1) When function is set to §, Q, or
D, the measured value of {Zor
| Y Lis less than 5% of full scale
of the ZY RANGE.
(2) When GROUP DELAY measure-
ment is being performed, the
test frequency to be automati-
cally selected next is outside
the selectable test frequency
range (5 Hz and 13MHz).
——— — = = Auto ranging of ZY RANGE is being performed.
Significant value Blank Measurement is performed correct- | DISPLAY B function is blank when
ly. DISPLAY A function is set to A
(dBm/dBV) or B (dBm/dBV).
CAL Blank ZERO offset adjustment is being performed.
* When the measuring frequency is set to 10MHz or above and ZY RANGE is held, measured values output
500ms after DISPLAY A indicates “UCL” are invalid.
*2. Specific information on GROUP DELAY measurement is provided in paragraph 3-63.
Table 3-4. SELF TEST Error-codes
Display Meaning
E-20, E-21 One of the four RAM's (Random Access Memory) 1s not functioning properly.
E-30 ~ E-43 One of the fourteen ROM’s (Read Only Memory) is not functioning properly.
E-50, E-31 The line frequency detection circuit is not functioning properly.
E-61, E-62 Integrator in the VRD (Vector Ratio Detector) is not functioning properly.
E-70, E-71, E-72 Internal synthesizer is not functioning properiy.
Section LI
Paragraphs 3-18 to 3-21
3-18,
3-19.
Test Signal
The internal frequency synthesizer provides a
sinusoidal wave fest signal that has an accuracy of 55 ppm.
The frequency range is from 5 Hz to 13 MHz, and signal
level is 5mVrms to 1.1 Vrms. The test signal is output
from the OSC OUTPUT connector (Hcur of the UN-
KNOWN terminals) on the front-panel. Test frequency
and test level range, resolution, and accuracy are given in
Table 3-5.
Note:
Note:
3-20.
3-21.
Test signal accuracy, stability, and resolution can
be improved by connecting an external frequency
synthesizer to the EXT VCO connector on the
rear-panel. Specific information on measurements
using an external synthesizer is given in paragraph
3-137
In impedance measurements, the level of the test
signal across the DUT depends on the impedance
of the DUT. To monitor the actual level of test
signal across the DUT, press the TEST LEVEL
MONITOR key. (Refer to paragraph 3-91 for
specifics.)
Measurement Modes
The 4192A has three selectable measurement
modes: NORMAL, HIGH SPEED, and AVERAGE.
Model 4192 A
(1) NORMAL Measurement Mode:
(2)
(3)
This mode is automatically set each time the
instrument is turned on. In this mode, the in-
tegration time of the instrument’s A/D converter
is equal to the period of the line frequency. Line
frequency ripple on the dc voltage used for in-
tegration is rejected (filtered).
HIGH SPEED Measurement Mode:
‘This mode is set by pressing the HIGH SPEED
key. Measurement speed in this mode is approxi-
mately twice that of the NORMAL mode; how-
ever, resolution is reduced and accuracy is not
specified. Integration time is 2.5ms. Line fte-
quency ripple is not rejected (filtered).
AVERAGE Measurement Mode:
This mode is set by pressing the AVERAGE key.
Resolution, accuracy, and repeatability in this
mode are much better than in NORMAL mode or
HIGH SPEED mode. The displayed measurement
value is the average of seven measurements. In-
tegration time is 10 times the period of the line
frequency. Line frequency ripple is rejected
(filtered).
Note: Measurement times for each mode at each
DISPLAY A/B function setting are given
in paragraph 3-55 for amplitude/phase
measurements and in paragraph 3-89 for
impedance measurements,
Table 3-5. Frequency and Output Level of Test Signal
E Setting Range Resolution Setting Accuracy”*
5Hz~ 10kHz lmHz
10H47 > 100kFz 10mHz
Measurement Frequency Setting Value £50 ppm.
100kHz ~ [MHz [00mHz
i MHz - 13MHz 1 Hz
e | SHz ~ 1MHz: (5 +10/0%+2mV
В >mYrms — 100mVrms | 1mVrms | {MHz — 13MHz: (4 + 1.50)% + 2mV
OSC Output Level
| SHz~ 1MHZ: (5 + 10/)% + 10mV
1I00mVrms ~ 1.1Vrms SmVrms IMHz ~ 13MHz: (4 + 1.5F)%+ 10mV
*]
“2 - UNKNOWN terminals open (impedance measurements) or terminated with 5092 (amplitude/phase measure-
ment), f: measurement frequency (Hz), F: measurement frequency (MHz).
: At 23°C +5°C.
Model 4192 A
3-22. Trigger Modes
3.23. The 4192A has three selectable trigger modes:
INTERNAL, EXTERNAL, and HOLD/MANUAL.
(1) INTERNAL Trigger Mode:
In this mode, measurement is automatically and
repeatedly triggered. Trigger speed depends on
the type of measurement, test frequency, and
measurement mode.
(2) EXTERNAL Trigger Mode:
Measurement is triggered by applying a TTL level
pulse to the EXT TRIGGER connector on the
rear-panel. Refer to Figure 3-4 for specifics,
(3) HOLD/MANUAL Trigger Mode:
Measurement is triggered each time the HOLD/
MANUAL key is pressed. Measurement data is
held until the next time the key is pressed.
Note: Measurement can also be triggered via the
HP-IB. Refer to Figure 3-38.
Note: Triggering in EXT and HOLD/MANUAL
modes must be slow enough to allow the
instrument to complete each measure-
ment. If a trigger signal is received before
measurement is completed, it is ignored.
input Levels : 2V < Vik <5.5Y
оу < Уп, < 0.6\
Maximum i mA
(at Vig = 5.5V)
Low Level Input Current: Maximum ~0.6 mA
input Current :
(Vi =0.4V)
Pulse Width : Tp > | msec
Trigger Timing : Leading Edge
Figure 3-4. External Trigger Pulse
Section HI
Paragraphs 3-22 to 3-28
3-24, Setting Test Parameters
3-25. The 4192A provides eleven test parameters. They
are listed, along with range and resolution, in Table 3-6.
Use the following procedure to set the value of these
parameters:
(1) Press the desired PARAMETER key.
(2) Set the desired value with the DATA keys. The
set value will be displayed on DISPLAY C.
(3) Press the appropriate ENTER key to enter this
value.
Note: Parameter values can also be set via the
HP-IB. Refer to paragraph 3-123 for
specifics. |
Note: If the parameter value is out-of-range
{see Table 3-6), E-01 will be displayed
on DISPLAY C for approximately one
second and the previous value is retained.
3-26. Deviation Measurement
3-27. When many components of similar value are to be
tested, it may be more practical to measure the difference
between the value of the component and a predeter-
mined, or ideal, reference value than measuring the DUT
value itself. When the purpose of the measurement is to
observe the change of a component's value versus changes
in temperature, frequency, bias, etc., a direct measure-
ment of this change (deviation) makes examination more
meaningful and easier.
3-28. Deviation measurements can be made for either
or both DISPLAY A and/or DISPLAY B parameter meas-
urements. There are two methods of inputting reference
values for deviation measurements: 1) input the refer-
ence value using the DATA keys, or 2) input the meas-
ured value of the reference component by pressing the
STORE DSPL A/B key. Deviation is displayed as either
the deviation (A) from the reference value or the percent
deviation (A%).
(1) Deviation Measurement A (Deita):
The difference between the measured value of the
DUT and a previously stored reference value
(REF A or REF B) is displayed. The formula
used to calculate the deviation is
А — В
where A is the measured value of the DUT and B
is the stored reference value.
Section III
Paragraph 3-29
Model 4192A
Table 3-6. Test Parameters
Parameter Description Range
SPOT FREQ The spot frequency
| Range : 5Hz ~ 13MHz
START FREQ The start frequency for swept frequency Resolution : ÎmHz at 5Hz ~ 10kHz;
measurements lOmHz at 10kHz ~ 100kHz;
- 100mHz at 100kHz ~ 1 MHz,
STOP FREQ The stop frequency for swept frequency Hz à { MHz - AME ’
measurements -
STEP FREQ The step frequency for swept frequency Range: ImHz ~ 13MHz
measurements Resolution: 1mHz at imHz ~ 10kHz;
LOmHz at 10XHz - 1600 kHz:
JOOmHz at 100kHz ~ | MHz;
| Hz at 1 MHz ~ 13 MHz
SPOT BIAS The spot bias voltage.
Range: -35V -+35Y.
START BIAS The start voltage for swept voltage measure- Resolution: 10mV.
ments
STOP BIAS The stop voltage for swept voltage measure-
ments
STEP BIAS The step voltage for swept voltage measure- Range: 10m VV 33V.
ments Resolution: 10mV.
OSC LEVEL The level (rms) of the signal output by the Range: SmV~1.1V.
internal synthesizer Resolution: 1mV at SmV ~ 100mV;
SmVat 100mvV ~ 1.1V
REF A The reference value for DISPLAY A devia-
tion measurements Range and resolution are the same as those of
the DISPLAY A/B parameter.
REF B The reference value for DISPLAY B devia-
tion measurements
(2) Percent Deviation Measurement A% (Delta Per- 3-29. Use the following procedure to perform deviation
cent): measurements:
The difference between the measured value of the (1) Set the front-panel controls for normal amplitude-
DUI ‘and a previously stored reference value phase or impedance measurement. (Basic proce-
(REF A or REF B) is displayed as a percentage of dure for amplitude-phase measurement is given
the reference value. The formula used to calcu- in Figure 3-10, and in Figure 3-30 for impedance
late the percent deviation is measurements.)
A Вх 100 (%) (2) Press the BLUE key and the REF A or REF B
3-20
where A is the measured value of the DUT and B
is the stored reference value,
key. At this time, the previously stored reference
value or E-06 will be displayed on DISPLAY €,
E-06 simply means there is no reference data for
Model 4192A
the selected display function; ignore if and pro-
ceed to step 3.
(3) Enter the desired reference value using the
numeric DATA keys. (E-06 annunciation will dis-
appear.) This value will be displayed on DIS-
PLAY C.
(4) Press the ENTER key labeled REF DATA. This
stores the value displayed on DISPLAY C as the
reference value.
Note: To store the measured (displayed) value
of a reference sample (DUT) as reference
data, use the following procedure:
(a) Connect the sample to the instrument and
make one measurement.
(b) Press the BLUE key and the STORE
DSPL A/B key. The values displayed on
DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B will be
stored as REF A and REF B data, respec»
tively.
(5) Press the A/A% key on DISPLAY A and/or DIS-
PLAY B. The value displayed on the display (A
or B) is the difference (deviation) between the
stored reference value and the measured value.
For percent deviation measurement, press the
BLUE Key before pressing the A/A% key.
Note: Reference data stored for one measure
ment function cannot be used for another
measurement function; that is, reference
data stored for an impedance measure-
ment cannot be used for a resistance
measurement.
3-30. Continuous Memorization of Control Settings
(SAVE and RCL Functions)
3-31. The 4192A is equipped with five non-volatile
Section IM
Paragraphs 3-30 to 3-33
storage registers. These registers are used to store five
different, frequently used front-panel control settings.
Stored control settings are preserved (not erased) in the
registers even when the instrument is turned off.
Frequently used control settings can be saved and then
recalled instead of having to reenter the measurement
conditions each time. This feature improves efficiency in
applications where repetitive measurements are made,
Almost all front-panel contro! settings and test parameter
settings, including reference data and zero calibration
data, can be saved. Exceptions are listed below.
HP-IB status
DISPLAY A/B measurement data
LINE OFF/ON
CABLE LENGTH
BIAS ON
SPOT BIAS
3-32. Use the following procedure to save and recall
a measurement condition:
(1) Set the front-panel controls and test parameters
as desired.
(2) Press the SAVE key and the register number
(0-4). AH front-panel control settings and test
parameter settings are now saved, or memorized,
in the specified register.
(3) To restore the instrument to the control settings
and test parameters saved in step (2), press the
RCL key and the register number.
3-33. The instrument is equipped with two rechargeable
batteries that provide power for the storage registers
when the instrument is turned off. They are automatical-
ly recharged while the instrument is turned on. Specifica-
tions are given below.
Operating time: 7500 hours (typical) after full
charge.
Recharge time: Time required to fully recharge
the batteries 1s 200 hours.
Lifetime: 5 years (at 25°C).
3-21
Section III
Paragraphs 3-34 to 3-39
3-34, AMPLITUDE/PHASE MEASUREMENT
3-35. The Model 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer can
accurately measure the gain/loss, phase, group delay and
level of many types of circuits. It displays all measured
parameters with 4% digit numeric displays. The built-in
frequency svnthesizer can be set to any test frequency
between 5.000Hz and 13.000000MHz, and can be
swept within that frequency range with ImHz (maxi
mum) resolution, Instructions for amplitude/phase meas-
urements are given in paragraph 3-34 to 3-66.
3-36. Measurement Functions
3-37. Most amplitude-gain measurements are based on
relative measurements where the signals at the input and
output ports of a network are compared to determine
how the network behaves as a signal processor. The
4192A simultaneously measures two independent, com-
plementary parameters in each measurement cycle. These
measurement functions are classified, for display purpose,
into two groups: DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B func
tions, as given in Table 3-7. Measurement results can be
displayed as deviation or percent deviation from stored
reference values. Deviation measurements are described
in paragraph 3-26.
3-38. Measurement Ranges
3-39. The 4192A can measure transmission parameters,
gain/loss (B— A), level CA/B), phase (8) and group delay,
over the measurement ranges listed in Table 3-8.
Measurement resolution, also listed in the table, are for
NORMAL and AVERAGE measurement modes.
Resolution in HIGH SPEED measurement mode is one
digit lower than these values.
Model 4192A
Table 3-8. Measurement Range for Amplitude-
Phase Measurements
Measurement Measurement Resoluti
Function Range solution
BA 0dB ~ + 20dB 0.001dB
Ш + (20аВ — 10048) 0.01 dB
+ 13.8dBm ~~ 20dBm 0.001dBm
A/B (dBm)
- 20dBm > - 87dBm 0.01 dBm
+0.£dBY > - 20dBV 0.001 dBV
A/B (dBV) =
~ 20dBV ~~ 100dBV 0.014BV
0.0001 us ~ 1.9999 us 100ps
0.001 us —- 19.999 us Ins
0.01us~ 199.99 us iOns
GROUP
DELAY*! 0.0001 ms ~ 1.9999 ms i0Ons
0.001 ms ~ 19.999 ms lus
0.01 ms > 199.99 ms 10 us
0.00015 ~ 1.99995 100 us
0.0018 — 19.9995 Ims
9 (des) 0° ~ + 180° 0.01°
-q ~~ 1.000 0.001
9 (rad) - 1.0000 — + 1.0000 0.0001
+ 1.000 — + я 0.001
*1: Measurement range at GROUP DELAY is deter
mined automatically by AF (STEP FREQ X2) and
AS. Specific information on GROUP DELAY meas-
urements is provided in paragraphs 3-63 to 3-66.
Table 3-7. DISPLAY A/B Functions for Amplitude/Phase Measurements
DISPLAY A Function DISPLAY B Function
GROUP DELAY | Group Delay in seconds
B — À (dB) Relative Amplitude of the Reference ep .
Input and the Test Input § (deg) Phase Difference in degrees
6 (rad) Phase Difference in radians
A (dBm/dBV) | Absolute Amplitude of the Reference Input о —
ee
B (dBm/dBV) Absolute Amplitude of the Test Input —
3-22
Model 4192A
3-40. OSC OUTPUT
3-41. In amplitude/phase measurements, the outpuí
signal from the OSC OUTPUT terminal is applied to a
power splitter (HP Part No.: 04192-61001, furnished
with the 4192A) to produce two output signals that are
in phase and of equal amplitude. One of these signals is
applied to CHANNEL A and is used as the reference
input; the other signal is applied to input port of the net-
work under test. The output port of the network is then
connected to CHANNEL B. Figure 3-5 shows the equiv-
alent circuit for the OSC OUTPUT. The circuit consists
of a low (zero) impedance source In series with a 508
resistor which determines the output impedance. The
output signal level is variable from 5mV to 1.1Vrms
when terminated with 508. Specific information on the
internal synthesizer is provided in paragraph 3-18.
3-42. CHANNEL A/B
3-43. For basic amplitude/phase measurements, the
reference input is obtained by connecting one of the
output signals from the power splitter connected to the
OSC QUTPUT. The test input is obtained by inserting the
network to be tested between the power splitter and
CHANNEL B. Since the signals divided by the power
splitter are identical, the signal applied to CHANNEL A
represents the input to the network while the signal
applied to CHANNEL B is the output of the network.
By comparing these two signals, the 4192 A measures the
gain or loss, phase shift and group delay introduced by
the network. When the frequency is swept over the band
of interest with amplitude, phase and group delay, meas-
urement data represent the amplitude and phase response
of the transfer function in the frequency domain.
3-44. For production testing, it is often necessary to
compare a newly manufactured network to a production
standard. The 4192A, being a dual channel instrument,
lends itself well to this application. When comparing
two networks, the standard network is connected be-
tween the power splitter and CHANNEL A to obtain
the reference. The network to be tested is then con-
nected between the power splitter and CHANNEL B.
In this case, the 4192A compares the output signals
of the two networks and any differences between the
networks are reflected as deviation from OdB (B—A
amplitude), O degrees (phase) or Us (group delay).
Section II
Paragraphs 3-40 to 3-43
Zo = 300
OSC
AAA {<
gt. > | OUTPUT
Low
Impedance
Source
V
Figure 3-5. Equivalent Output Circuit
3-45. Figure 3-6 shows the equivalent circuit for the
CHANNEL A/B. The resistor, Rin, represents the 1M
input resistance; the capacitor, Cs, represents the 25pF
+ SpF shunt capacitance. This high input impedance has
a minimum loading effect on the input signal and allows
the 4192A to be used for characterizing networks having
output impedances other than 5090. Figure 3-7 shows
the input impedance, Zs, as a function of frequency. At
low frequencies, the reactance of Cs is very high, making
Z+ nearly equal to Rin. As frequency increases, the
decreasing reactance of Cs becomes more and more
significant, causing Zi to decrease. At high frequencies,
Rin is no longer significant and Z1 is slightly less than the
reactance of Cs {approximately 500£2 at 13MHz).
CHANNEL ix A à
A/B Tele
Rin i Cs
МО 25pF
\
Figure 3-6. Equivalent Input-Circuit
3-23
Section HI Model 41972A
Paragraphs 3-46 and 3-47
N M0 ==
100k {+ Xx
N
сложа N
3 1060 | N
= 10 N
N
N
1009
5Hz TORZ 100Hz 1KHz TGkHz 1GOkHz MHz 10MHZ TOOMHz
Frequency
Figure 3-7. Z vs Frequency
3-46. Input Configurations Note: When making a relative gain/loss (B-A)
measurement with either the 4192A or a
3-47. Figure 3-8 illustrates and describes the basic input Network Analyzer using the input
configurations shown in Figure 3-8, the
measurement resuits are the same but
those of an absolute amplitude (A/B)
configurations for various types of measurements. Con-
nections of these input configurations should be made
using double-shielded cables with BNC connectors as measurement may differ. This is
listed in Table 3-9, When making input connections, because the 4192A uses a passive
observe the following guidelines: (2-resistor) power splitter and the
Network Analyzer uses an active power
(1) Keep input cables as short as possible. splitter.
(2) Make the total cable length in each channel
equal. This is particularly important when CHA
measuring phase (or group delay) at high fre-
quencies.
(3) When impedance terminations are required, use CH.B
shielded termmations equipped with suitable RE
connectors as listed m Table 3-10. Place termi- | |
nations at the end of the transmission line. passive power active power
splitter splitter
Table 3-8. BNC Cables Table 3-10. impedance Terminations
Model No. Cable Model No. Termination
30cm BNC (male) — BNC (male) Double 1 1048C 5082 Feedthrough (two 11048C’ are fur-
11170A | — Shield Cable (two 11170A’s are fur nished with the 4192A)
nished with the 4192A)
7582 Feedthrough (two 11094B's are fur-
60cm BNC (male) — BNC (male) Double 11094B | hed with the 11097 A)
11170B | — Shield Cable (two 11170B’s are fur
nished with the 16097A Accessory Kit) 110954 | 600% Feedthrough (two 16097A’s are
furnished with the 16-97A)
| 120em BNC (male) — BNC (male) Double
: 11170C | — Shield Cable (two 11170C’s are fur
Le nished with the 4192A)
3-24
Model 4192A
Section HI
Figure 3-8
(A) LOSS (GAIN)-PHASE MEASUREMENT {Z = 500)
“Ta
Power
ose Splitter
OUTPUT
508 Feedthroughs
AN
À
3] | Z COS
500 Lt
(8) LOSS (GAIN)-PHASE MEASUREMENT (Z = 600%)
CHA
LA
60087 Feedthrougns
\
5508
am
Eve
Power
Splitter
5500
05€ LAN 43 Lo
OUTPUT > 6008 | 16000
у
(C) LOSS {GAIN)~PHASE MEASUREMENT {Z = 30%)
= re
750 md
Power
Splitter ето
OUTPUT + 200 209 (A
| 300
(D)
ef
GAIN (LOSS)-PHASE MEASUREMENT
Power
Splitter
bad!
IL A
5082 Feedthrough
ME
63
7
=00 «
CH.B
505 Feed-Thru
(E)
a RRA
COMPARING TWO NETWORKS
HI
50€ Feedthroughs
"a Zi 7 G
x 50 500
Power
Splitter
05C ¿ Zi! Ze
OUTPUT ^ 509 | |509
(F)
E.
Power
splitter _
OSE
QUTPUT
| и «<не
FLOATING NETWORK MEASUREMENT
RE
500 Feedthroughs
ga
E
Fivating Network
Balancing Transformer
Figure 3-8. Input Configurations
3-25
Section Ш
Paragraphs 3-48 to 3-53
3-48. Impedance Matching
3-49, In most measurement applications the network
under test must be driven and terminated in its charac-
teristics impedance. If the characteristic impedance of
the network matches the 5082 output impedance of the
A192A OSC OUTPUT, the network can be connected
directly to the OSC OUTPUT through the power splitter
as shown in Figure 3-8 (A). In this case, both the refer
ence input and test input should be terminated with a
5082 Feedthrough and connected to CHANNEL A and
CHANNEL B, respectively.
3-50. If the characteristic impedance of the network is
greater than 5081, a compensating resistor can be added
in series with the OSC OUTPUT between the power
splitter and the network to obtain the required output
impedance. For example, if the input impedance of the
network is 600 ©, а 550 resistor can be added in series
with the 5082 output to obtain the required 600% as
shown in Figure 3-8 (B). Note that the reference input
shown in Figure 3-6 (5) also has a compensating resistor
to maintain identical impedances in both channels. In
this case, both the reference input and test input should
be terminated with a 6000 Feedthrough and connected
to CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B respectively.
3-51. If the characteristic impedance of the network is
lower than 5082, connect a shunting resistor between the
power splitter and network to be tested, as across the
OSC OUTPUT, to obtain the required output impedance.
Otherwise, a shunt resistance of the same value can be
connected to CHANNEL A to obtain the same output
impedance. The value of shunt resistance is calculated
from the following formula:
Model #192 А
.. 30 x Z
К = 50-7 €)
where : Rs = shunt resistance
Z = required output impedance
For example, if the input impedance of the network is
3082, a 7582 shunt resistor can be added in parallel with a
508) output to obtain 3082 as shown in Figure 3-8 (C).
Note that the reference input shown in Figure 3-8 (С)
also has a shunting resistor to maintain identical imped-
ances in both channels. In this case, both the reference
input and test input should be terminated with the 3082
shunt resistor and connected to CHANNEL A and
CHANNEL B, respectively. When driving an impedance
lower than 3508, a certain amount of insertion loss will
be encountered. The amount of loss depends on the type
of impedance matching network used and on the various
impedance ratios. Whenever a loss is encountered, an
equal loss should be introduced in CHANNEL A so that
the reference input accurately represents the input of
the network. This can be accomplished by placing iden-
tical shunt resistances and identical terminations in both
channels.
3-52. When the network to be tested has a high input
impedance (1MHz) and low output impedance (= (£1),
each channel should be terminated with a 50§ Feed-
through and then the network can be connected to
CHANNEL B as shown in Figure 3-8 (D).
3-53, Deviation measurement from reference network
can be performed by inserting the standard network be-
tween the power splitter and CHANNEL B. Figure
3-8 (E) shows an input configuration of networks which
have 508} characteristic impedance. In this case, both the
Table 3-11. Balancing Transformers
impedance Connectors
Model No.
Unbalanced Balanced Unbalanced Balanced
11473 A WECO 310
60082 |
11473B Simence 9REL STP-6GAC
11474A 508 or 7582 1350 BNC WECO 241
11475A 1500 Simence 9REL STP-6AC
11476A 12422 WECO 408A
3-26
Model 41924
reference input and test input should be terminated by
5082 Feedthroughs and connected to CHANNEL A and
CHANNEL B, respectively.
3-54. Floating networks can be measured by floating
from the measuring circuit using one of the balancing
transformers listed in Table 3-11. Figure 3-8 (F} shows
the input configuration of a network which has 12582
characteristic impedance. In this case, both the reference
Section IN
Paragraphs 3-54 to 3-56
input and test input should be terminated by 5047 Feed-
throughs and connected to CHANNEL A and CHANNEL
B, respectively.
3-55. Measurement Time
3-56. Table 3-12 shows the measurement times of the
4192 A amplitude/phase measurements.
Table 3-12. Measurement Time for Amplitude /Phase Measurements
Measurement Function Meade" 5 — 15 T— eee = 150 ~ 400 | 400 ~ 13M
HIGH SPEED 200 + 300.5 0222 4 1145 113 ~ 127
B-A)-8 NORMAL 2000 102 22225 4 116 0 116 202 ~216
AVERAGE e 102 ~ A +116 1102 — 1116
HIGH SPEED > + 412.5 425
(B—A)— GROUP DELAY™ NORMAL = +592 12000 + 592 692
AVERAGE Be + 2399 3399
HIGH SPEED 2200+ 77.5 90
A/B (dBm) NORMAL 20% +79 479 179
AVERAGE 222% + 80 1080
HIGH SPEED 29% + 155 88
A/B (dBV) NORMAL 200+ 77 ве, 77 177
AVERAGE a + 78 1078
HIGH SPEED 20. + 90.5 103
(B- A)? NORMAL > = +92 ==, 92 192
AVERAGE 2 + 92 1092
Measurement times are typical values in ms, f: measuring frequency (Hz).
*]: At spot frequency measurement (refer to paragraph 3-63).
“2: Measurement time for B — A measurements can be shortened by changing the setting of an internal control switch (refer to
paragraph 3-139}.
3-27
Section III
Paragraphs 3-57 and 3-58
3-57. Test Fixture Characteristics
3-58.
Compensation for the error-causing parasitic
elements of the test fixtures used in amplitude/phase
measurements is described in Figure 3-9. Additional error
introduced into amplitude/phase measurements by the
16096A test fixture after compensation is as follows:
B—-Aerror: +0.1dB
Phase error : +0.1°
A, Berror : +(0.1+0.06F*) dB
where IF is the Frequency of the test signal in
Input impedance of CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B is
1М ©, shunted by 30pF.
Model 4192A
(1) Cable compensation for the 16096A Test Fixture
a. Connect the 16096A Test Fixture to the UNKNOWN terminals of the 4192A as shown below:
UNKNOWN
r \ CH.A CH.B 4192A
FTF U EHE U Front Panel
ZN
ps mi
% TE di
OST Im cable
Où] CH.A CH.B (furnished with
O 0 16096A
Set to the „A _
APSE” DU 77
(furnished BNC-Tee
with 4192A) (furnished with
… 16096A)
16096A Top View
D. Set the 4292A°s controls as follows:
DISPLAY A Function ................... ....... B — A (dB)
DISPLAY B Funciton ............ coin... ô (deg)
AVERAGE 1222410 LL La ALL LL LL La aa Lea ae OFF
HIGH SPEED... aa ae OFF
3-28
Figure 3-9, Cable Compensation {Sheet 1 of 4}
Model 4192A Section HI
Figure 3-9
SELF TEST ott LL LL A aa OFF
SWEEP ............... ee La MANUAL
TRIGGER aaaaerea. INT
7. LL LAN Aa Va a aa a A OFF
SPOT FREQ «oii ii 1 kHz
OSC LEVEL aa aereo. 0.6V
с. Set the selector switch on the 16096A to the GAIN-PHASE position.
de The value displayed on DISPLAY À should be ZOdBV + 0.02dBV.
e. Set the SPOT FREQ to | MHz.
f. Adjust CHANNEL A CABLE COMP on the 16096A until the value displayed on DISPLAY A is 20dBV
+ 0.1dBV.
g. Reconnect the 16096A as shown below:
UNKNOWN
N CH.A CH.B
Ea. Ed E
16096A Top View
h. Set the SPOT FREQ to 1kHz,
1. The value displayed on DISPLAY A should be 0dBV + 0.04dBY.
j. Set the SPOT FREQ to | MHz.
k. Adjust CHANNEL B CABLE COMP on the 16096A until the value displayed on DISPLAY À is OdBV
+ 0.1dBV.
I. Set the SPOT FREQ to 15kHz.
m. The values displayed on DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B should be 0dBV £0.1dBV and 0° + 0.5”, respectively.
Figure 3-8, Cable Compensation (Sheet 2 of 4)
3-29
Section IH
Figure 3-5
Model 4192A
(2) Compensation procedure for the 10013A 10 : 1 Scope Probe
below.
OST
QUTPUT 4192A Front
il оо Panel
Eo Feedthrough |
с. Set the 4192A's controls as follows:
DISPLAY A Function ........... i... A (dBm/dBV)
AVERAGE ..., e rverrerararereroororoar edo OFF
HIGH SPEED eee Le OFF
SELF TEST RR 4 OFF
SWEEP ee MANUAL
GAIN MODE ..... aaa dBV
TRIGGER 111101101144 1 4 44 4 44 4 à A A4 4 a C4 Ra ae 6 INT
ALADO unida aaa aaa ocaiaoaoona ora va OFF
SPOT FREQ een I kHz
OSC LEVEL... as iv
d. Press the BLUE key and the STORE DSPL A/B key.
e. Press DISPLAY A's A/A% key, |
f. Set the SPOT FREQ to I MHz.
on DISPLAY A, is 0.00dBY,
a. Connect the 11048C 502 Feedthrough termination to the OSC OUTPUT terminal of the 4192A.
b. Connect the two 11013A scope probes to CHANNEL A and B and to the 500 feedthrough as shown in
g. Adjust the cable compensation of the scope probe connected to CHANNEL A until the deviation, displayed
Figure 3-8, Cable Compensation {Sheet 3 of 4)
3-30
Model 4192A Section IL
Figure 3-9
h. Repeat steps ¢ through g until the amplitude difference between the two measurement values is less than or
equal to 0.61 dB.
i. Set the 4192A°s controls as follows:
DISPLAY A Function 141041441414 4 40 4 4 04 04» B — À (dB)
DISPLAY B Function 2.222112 0 41104 44441446 0 (des)
SPOT FREO 111112141414 14 4 4 A 4 44 44 4 42 a 0 a ae 6 | kHz
А/АФ6 ES OFF
i. Adjust the cable compensation of the scope probe connected to CHANNEL B until the phase, displayed on
DISPLAY B,is 0° £0.1°. |
k. Set the 4192A's controls as follows:
DISPLAY A Function ....... tienen. B (dBm/dBY)
SPOT FRFO 11.112241 4 14444 4 44 844 4 4 4 ee a ea. i MHz
i. The value displayed on DISPLAY A should be -20dBV = 0.2dBV.
Note: With these adjustments, tracking between CHANNEL A/B will be as follows for the frequency range
of 5Hz to 2MHz.
Gain tracking : 20 2d8
Phase tracking: 0.2
Figure 3-9. Cable Compensation (Sheet 4 of 4)
3-31
Section IH | Model 4192A
Paragraphs 3-59 and 3-60
359, Amplitude/Phase Measurement Operating Instruc-
tions
3-60. Basic operating instructions for amplitude/phase
measurements are given in Figure 3-10.
(1) Turn On
a. Press the LINE ON/OFF key to turn the 4192A on.
b. Following turn on, the instrument will perform the following operations in the order listed.
(1) Initial operational check is performed (refer to paragraph 3-7).
(2) HP-IB address, set by the HP-IB control switch on rear panel (refer to paragraph 3-117), is displayed on
DISPLAY A (e.g. H-17).
(3) Initial control setting is performed (refer to paragraph 3-9).
¢. Confirm that 4192A trigger lamp begins to flash.
paragraph 3-7 for details on the SELF TEST.
Note: The 4192A requires a one-hour warm up period to satisfy all specifications listed in Table 1-1,
(2) Test Fixture Connection
Connect the desired test fixture. Refer to paragraphs 3-46 and 3-48 for Input Configuration and Impedance
Matching, respectively.
Note: When the 16096 A Test Fixture or 100134 10 : 1 Scope Probe is used, error compensation, described in
Figure 3-9, must be performed,
(3) Setting Measurement Condition
a. Select the desired DISPLAY A parameter by pressing the ©] or e (up-down) key. The indicator lamp
adjacent to the selected parameter will come on (refer to paragraph 3-38).
b. If necessary, select the desired DISPLAY B parameter (compatible with the DISPLAY A parameter selected
in step a by pressing the key (refer to paragraph 3-38).
с. When DISPLAY A function is set to A (dBm/dBV) or B (dBm/dBV), select the desired GAIN MODE: dBm
or dBV.
Note: GAIN MODE, dBm or dBV, is specified from the following equations:
dBm = 20 log, V + 13.01
dBV = 20log,,V
The relationship between input voltage (Vrms) and dBm/dBV is shown in the graph below.
Figure 3-10. Operating Instructions for Amplitude — Phase Measurements (Sheet 1 of 2)
3-32
Section III
Mode! 4192A
Figure 3-10
20dB
dem
(dB 7 ¿BY
Е A
E
-20dB
© e
=> 7
© SS
— -40d8 2
o X oN
-- < 7
E <
Е <
& -b0d8 ,
= и
- 8008 A
-190dB .
T0uY 100uY 1my 10my 100mV 1V
INPUT VOLTAGE V (RMS)
d. Press SPOT FREO key.
Set the desired spot frequency (initial setting value is 100kHz) with the DATA input keys (refer to para-
graph 3-29) and press the appropriate ENTER key.
(Example) Spot frequency = 7.5MHz
epéorains may
Key strokes : [o] (7] (-} [5] (9
The spot frequency setting, 7500.000kHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C (Test Parameter Data Dis-
play).
e. Press the OSC LEVEL key.
Set the desired measuring signal level (initial setting value is 1V) with the DATA input keys (refer fo para-
graph 3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key.
(Example) OSC level = 750mV
se
LÉVEL kr mV
Key strokes : B [s) Lo] J
The OSC level setting, 0.750V, is displayed on DISPLAY C.
(4) Connecting a Network
a. Connect the network to be tested between CHANNEL B and the power splitter with the test fixture.
When comparing two networks, the reference network should be connected between the power
splitter and CHANNEL A.
b. The 4192A will automatically display the measured values of the network to be tested in acordance with
Note:
the measurement conditions.
Figure 3-10. Operating Instructions for Amplitude — Phase Measurements {Sheet 2 of 2}
3-33
Section HI Model 4192A
Paragraphs 3-61 and 3-62
CAUTION
When making amplitude/phase measurements on an active circuit (e.g., amplifier, active
filter, etc.), DO NOT allow a de bias voltage exceeding +10V to be applied to the OSC
OUTPUT terminal. To do so may damage the instrument. When the de bias voltage of the
circuit under test is higher than +10V, but not more than +35V, connect a 2.2uF (or less)
capacitor in series with the OSC OUTPUT terminal to block the de bias voltage. This
blocking capacitor can be connected to the SHORT/EXTERNAL CAP terminal of the
16096A Test Fixture instead of the short-comector. When the blocking capacitor is used,
however, the cutput impedance of the OSC OUTPUT is increased at low test frequencies,
as shown graphically below, and the osciilator level is reduced.
If a suitable capacitor is not available from conventional sources, order HP Part No.:
0160-0128; 2.2uF, 50V.
10k | NEVER apply a de voltage exceeding +35V to the
OSC OUTPUT terminal, even if the blocking
capacitor is used.
Te
tance
=
Uutput Rests
18€ +
56 4
510 189 М 10k 106k
Measurement Frequency (Hz)
Figure 3-10. Operating Instructions for Amplitude — Phase Measurement {Sheet 3 of 3}
3-61. Swept Frequency Measurements
3-62. Basic operating instructions for swept-frequency
amplitude/phase measurements are given in Figure 3-11.
Note: Before proceeding with the procedure given below set the 4192A's controls as necessary for an am-
plitude/phase measurement. Refer to Figure 3-10, |
(1) Setting Sweep Parameters
a. Press the START FREQ key. Set the start (lower limit) frequency (initial setting is 5Hz) of the desired
sweep frequency range with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-24) and press the appropriate
ENTER key.
(Example) Start frequency = 10kHz
Key strokes : 0) []
The start frequency setting, 10.00000kHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C (Test Parameter Data Dis-
play).
Figure 3-11. Operating Instructions for Swept — Frequency Amplitude — Phase Measurements {Sheet 1 of 4)
3-34
Model 4192A Section 111
Figure 3-11
b Press the STOP FREQ key. Set the stop (upper limit) frequency (initial setting is 13MHz) of the desired
sweep frequency range with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-24) and press the appropriate
ENTER key. |
(Example) Stop frequency = | MHz
SPOT
FRÉOITIAS MHz У
Key strokes : [°] [1] ]
The stop frequency setting, 1000.000 kHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C.
Note: The stop frequency should be set to a value higher than the start frequency. If not, error-code
E-03 will be displayed on DISPLAY C when swept measurement is attempted and measurement will
be not performed.
c. Press the STEP FREQ key. Set the desired step frequency (initial setting is 1kHz) with the DATA три!
keys (refer to paragraph 3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key.
(Example) Step frequency = 1kHz
A KMx mv
Key strokes : [+] J
The step frequency setting, 1.000000 kHz, is displayed on DISPLAY €.
Note: In LOG SWEEP measurement applications, STEP FREQ. has no meaning. To set the instrument to
logarithmic sweep mode, press the BLUE key and the LOG SWEEP key, the indicator lamp will
come on. In this mode, automatic or manual sweeps are made at twenty frequency steps per
decade. Each step is calculated from the following formula:
F Xx 1 0-05N
where F is the start frequency (5 Hz, 10Hz, 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10kHz, 100 kHz, 1IMHz, or 10MHz) and
N is an integer that represents the step number. For example, if the start frequency is 100 kHz and
the stop frequency is 1 MHz, the sweep will be as follows:
1 1122018kHz в 199.5262kHz 11 354.8133kHz 10 630.9573 kHz
2 1725 8925kHz 7 223.8721kHz 12 398.1071kHz 17 707.9457 kHz
3 141.2537kHz в 251.1886kHz 13 446.6835kHz 8 794 3282 kHz
a 158.4893kHz 2 281.8382kHz 14 501.1872kHz 19 891.2509 kHz
5 177.8279kHz 1 316.2277kHz 15 562.3413kHz 2 1000.000kHz
The start and stop frequencies, which determine the sweep range, are limited to decade values
(10, 100, 1k, 10k, 100k, IM, 10M). If, for example, the start frequency is set to 50 kHz and the
stop frequency is set to SOUkHz, the instrument automatically sets the sweep range as 10kHz to
IMHz. There are, however, two exceptions: (1) when the start frequency Is set 10 a value below
10Hz and (2) when the stop frequency is set to a value above 10MHz. In such cases, the instrument
automatically assumes a start frequency of SHz and a stop frequency of 1I3MHz.
Figure 3-11. Operating Instructions for Swept — Frequency Amplitude -— Phase Measurements {Sheet 2 of 4)
3-35
Section IH Model 4192A
Figure 3-11
(2) Manual Sweep
In manual sweeps, the sweep begins at the spot frequency, and the sweep range is determined by the start and
stop frequencies.
a. Set the desired spot frequency (initial setting is 100kHz) with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph
3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key,
(Example) Spot frequency = 10kHz
SPOT
EBEOMAS kHz m
Key strokes : [o] (1) (2) ()
The spot frequency, 10.00000kHz, will be displayed on DISPLAY C.:
b. Press the STEP UP key or STEP DOWN key to shift the frequency one step (determined by the
step frequency setting) in the indicated direction.
Notes: 1. In logarithmic sweep mode, the measurement frequency is automatically shifted to the nearest
frequency that satisfies the equation F X 1090N = Fm; where F is the start frequency, Fm is
the measurement frequency, and N is an integer that represents the step number.
2. If the spot frequency is set to a value that is greater than the stop frequency or less than the
the start frequency, error-code E-04 will be displayed on DISPLAY C and the measurement
will not be performed.
с. Pressing and holding the STEP UP ( la] ) key or STEP DOWN ( ) key continuously advances swept
frequency measurement.
d. When X10 STEP key is pressed simultaneously with the STEP UP ( ) or STEP DOWN ( [9] ) key,
the step frequency increases by a factor of ten. (This is for linear sweeps only.)
(3) Auto Sweep
a. Press MAN/AUTO key to set to auto sweep mode (the indicator lamp comes on.)
b. O Pressing the START UP ( ) key starts the frequency sweep from the programmed start frequency.
The frequency sweep ends at the stop frequency.
(2) Pressing the START DOWN ( ) key starts the frequency sweep from the stop frequency. The fre-
quency sweep ends at the start frequency.
Note: Swept test frequency is displayed on DISPLAY C
c. To temporarily stop a swept frequency measurement, press the PAUSE key. Start frequency, stop fre-
quency, step frequency, sweep direction, and sweep mode (linear or logarithmic, auto or manual) can be
changed when the PAUSE function is set. To restart the sweep, press the START UP ( (G] ) key or START
DOWN ( (9} ) key.
d. Auto sweep measurement mode is automatically released when the swept measurement ends (reaches the
stop frequency or start frequency). To stop the sweep before the measurement is completed, press BLUE
key and then press the SWEEP ABORT key.
SWERR
ABORT
Key strokes :
To return to normal spot frequency measurement, press the SWEEP AUTO key (indicator lamp goes off).
Figure 3-11. Operating Instructions for Swept — Frequency Amplitude ~ Phase Measurements (Sheet 3 of 4)
3-36
Model 4192A Section III
| Paragraphs 3-63 and 3-64
Note: When a swept frequeney measurement is made, if the sweep comes to a frequency
band which has lower frequency resolution than the STEP FREQ., this STEP
FREQ. automatically changes to the next higher resolution frequency, and the
sweep continues. In special cases for group delay measurement, E-10 appears on
DISPLAY C and the sweep stops.
Figure 3-11. Operating Instructions for Swept — Frequency Amplitude — Phase Measurements (Sheet 3 of 4)
3-53. Group Delay Measurement
3.64. The 4192A can measure group delay at a spot
frequency or swept frequency. Figure 3-12 shows a
group delay measurement at a spot frequency.
: Spot frequency (Hz)
: Step frequency (Hz)
: First measuring frequency (Hz)
; Second measuring frequency (Hz)
: F,-F, (=2Fs)
2 : Phase (deg) at first measuring
= frequency
= : Phase (deg) at seconé measuring
| | o frequency
pe ES wpm PS NN
| NS AG : д, — 8,
Fa Fm Fo
Measuring Frequency (Hz)
(1) Fm and Fs are the 4192A SPOT FREQ and STEP FREQ respectively.
(2) д, ismeasured at Fy (= Fm ~ Fs).
(3) д, is measured at F, (=Fm + Fs).
(4) e (Group Delay) at Fm is calculated from the following formula and displayed with B— A at Fm.
. AO
E - 360: AF
Note: When a swept frequency measurement is made, if the sweep comes to a frequency
band which has lower frequency resolution than the STEP FREQ., E-10 appears on
DISPLAY C and the sweep stops.
However, when using HP-1B function, the sweep is made by the controller to set
SPOT FREQ., this error message does not appear and then STEP FREQ.
automatically changes to the next higher resolution frequency in that frequency
band and the sweep continues.
Figure 3-12. Group Delay Measurement at Spot Frequency
3-37
Section IH ; Model 4192A
Paragraph 3-65
3-65. Figure 3-13 shows a swept group delay measure-
ment.
0, IN
N F, : Start frequency (Hz)
| Fg - Stop frequency (Hz)
8; 4—— ЩИ À I's : Step frequency (Hz)
| AF : 2Fs
| 8, to 60 : Phase (deg) at Fo to Е,
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Fo Fi. Fa Fa Fa Fs Fe Fo Fe Fe
Measuring Frequency (Hz)
(1) F,, Fs, and Fs are the 4192A. START FREO, STOP FREO, and STEP FREQO, respectively.
(2) Measuring frequency is swept from F, (= F, - Fs) to F, (GF, +Fs), and 0, to 0, are measured at
Fa to Fo.
(3) Ton (Group Delay) at Fn (n: 1 to 8) are calculated from the following formula and displayed with
В — А at Fn.
-. 80 _
en 300 - AF
Figure 3-13. Group Delay Measurement on Swept Frequency
3-38
Model 41974
3-66. Measurement ranges and resolution of the group
delay measurements are determined automatically by AF
(STEP FREO X2) and AG.
Section HI
Paragraph 3-66
13HHz
\10МН2 5M
In the graph shown below, the solid line (—) represents the boundary for resolution and
the dashed line {---) represents the boundary for F (STED FREQ x 2). For example, it F =
1 KHz and Af = 1 deg, measurement is made at the 10s range with 10ns resolution.
H0mHz
ЗОН 7
Me (dec)
1 SmHz
1æHz
GROUP DELAY {s)
Note
* Resolution
If the DUT causes a large group delay, the 41924
will measure the group delay time before the
DUT has settled, after a frequency change, The
table below lists the maximum group delay time
that can be measured by the 4192A in each
measurement mode at 80%,
90% and 100%
settied.
Measurement Mode 80% 90% 100%
AVERAGE 155ms/174ms 109ms /122ms 36ms/41ms
NORMAL {50Hz)* 43ms/62ms 30ms /43ms 10ms/14ms
NORMAL (6O0Hz }# 41ms/60ms 29ms /42ms 9,6ms/14ms
HIGH SPEED 33ms/51ms 2 3ms /36ms 7.6ms/12ms
*Line frequency, (SPOT frequency measurement)/
(Swept frequency measurement)
10 26
Figure 3-14. Measurement Ranges and Resolution of the Group Delay Measurements
3-39
Section HT
Paragraphs 3-67 to 3-70
3-67, IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT
3-68. The 4192ZA can accurately measure the imped-
ance parameters of a component or circuit at the fre-
quency, test signal level, and dc bias level found in actual-
real world-operation.
{1} Measuring Frequency : 5Hz to 13MHz
(2) OSC Level : 5mVrms to 1.1! Vrms
(3) DC bias voltage : -35V to +35V
Frequency and bias can be automatically or manually
swept, full range, in either direction. OSC level can also
be swept (manual only) at ImV steps (5mV steps at
levels above 100mV). The actual test signal voltage
across the DUT, or the test signal current through the
DUT can be measured.
Instructions for impedance meansurements are given in
paragraphs 3-69 through 3-108.
359. Measurement Functions
3-70. The 4192A simultaneously measures two in-
dependent, complementary impedance parameters in
each measurement cycle. This combination of measure-
ment parameters represents both the resistive and reactive
Моде! 4192 А
characteristics of the sample. A total of fourteen meas-
urement parameters {two are duplicates) make up the
twelve selectable parameter combinations. These meas-
urement functions are classified, for display purpose,
into two groups: DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B func-
tions, as given in Table 3-13, DISPLAY A function
group comprises the primary measurement parameters
and measured values are displayed on DISPLAY A. DIS-
PLAY B functions include a group of subordinate para-
meters, the availability of which are partially dependent
on the primary function. Selected and measured values
are displayed on DISPLAY B. Selectable combinations
of DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B functions are listed in
Table 3-13. Measurement parameters separated by a
slash (/) in Table 3-13 are for equivalent series circuit
Cm) (left of slash) or equivalent parallel circuit
AT) (right of slash). Refer to paragraph 3-73 for
details. The 4192A measures R+jX (impedance) in
equivalent series circuit mode and G +jB (admittance)
in equivalent parallel circuit mode. Other impedance
parameters are calculated from R+]X or G+]jB with
the equations given in Table 3-14. Measurement results
can be displayed as either deviation or percent deviation
from stored reference values. Deviation measurements
are described in paragraph 3-26.
Table 3-13. DISPLAY A/B Functions for Impedance Measurements
DISPLAY A Function DISPLAY B Function
0 (deg) Phase Angle in degrees
12 /1Y Absolute Impedance/Absolute Admittance |
9 (rad) Phase Angle in radians
R/G Resistance/Conductance X/B Reactance / Susceptance
Q Quality Factor
L Inductance
D Dissipation Factor
C Capacitance
R/G Resistance/Conductance
3-40
Model 4192A Section Il
Paragraphs 3-71 and 3-72
3-71, Measurement Range
Table 3-14, Measurement Parameter Formulas
for impedance Measurement 3-72. The 4192A has two measurement range modes:
AUTO and MANUAL. The mode is set by the ZY
Measurement Measurement Equivalent Circuit RANGE keys on the front-panel. When DISPLAY A
Parameter OL 4-0 otto function is set to |1Z1/¡ Y | in AUTO range mode, ranging
UT depends on the impedance, {Z], or the admittance, |Y |,
|Z] VR +X? TT of the DUT. When L or C is selected, ranging depends
UT on the displayed value. |Z| and | Y | ranges and resolution
Y] _—— \ С? + В? are listed in Table 3-15.
a + ,X - ‚В When ZY RANGE is set to AUTO, the optimum range is
tan CR) tan Ce automatically selected. If the internal measurement
L X I circuit 1s saturated or the measured value exceeds the
wo wB upper limit of the range (130% of full scale), the next
С 1 В higher range is automatically selected. If the measured
wX 0 value is less than the range's lower limit (11% of full
О | À | IB! scale), the next lower range is automatically selected.
R G When ZY RANGE is set to MANUAL, the measurement
D _R SG range will not change even if the measured value of the
PX IB DUT changes. If the ZY RANGE down ( [J] ) key or
up { } key is pressed, the measurement range is
changed one decade in the indicated direction. If the
Table 3-15. ZY RANGE
|2! Yi
ZY RANGE ; ;
Measurement Range Resolution Measurement Range Resclution
182/108 0.000182 —1,2999 82 Bim8 0.018 ~12.998 ¡OmS
1002/18 0.0019 —12.999 0 1:30 0.00018 ~1.29998 10045
1009/1109 т5 0.010 — 129 099 10m 0.01m$ —129 99 т5 10uS
1k©2/10mS 0.0001k82 —1,299 GK 82 100m 0.001mS ~12.999mS ius
10k 2/1 mS G.001k82 —12,999K 82 182 0.0001mS —1.2999m5 100nS
100k 572/1008 001k: ~129.99k 2 1052 0.01uS ~129.99u8 1088
1MO/10u8 0.0001 MS —1,2999M O 10082 0.001 us ~12.999u8 I nS
3-41
Section IH
Table 3-16
internal measurement circuit is saturated, UCL will be
displayed on DISPLAY A; if the measured value ex-
ceeds the upper limit of the range (130% of full scale),
OF! will be displayed on DISPLAY A.
The time required for a range change is between 55ms
and 40ms at frequencies above 400Hz. Figure 3-15
shows the number of display digits for |Z] and | Y | meas-
urements. (The number of display digits depends on the
test frequency, OSC level, and ZY RANGE.) Measure-
ment range for each of the other parameters is discussed
below.
(1) R/G/X/B:
The measurement ranges, resolution, and number
of display digits for R (resistance) and X (react-
ance) are the same as those for |Z] and are given
in Table 3-15 and Figure 3-15. Likewise, meas-
urement ranges, resolution, and number of
display digits for G (conductance) and B (sus-
ceptance) are the same as those for | Y |. However,
the upper limit of X/B and DISPLAY B R/G is
200% of full scale and the lower limit is 18% of
full scale.
(2) L/C:
The measurement ranges, resolution, and number
of display digits for L (inductance)and C (capaci-
tance) depends on the test frequency and the ZY
RANGE (see Figure 3-16), The upper limit for LL
and € is 200% of full scale and the lower limit is
18% of full scale.
3-472
(3)
Моде! 4192 А
0/0/D:
The measurement ranges and resolution for 6
(phase angle), Q (quality factor) and D (dissipa-
tion factory are given in Table 3-16. Number of
display digits for g, Q, and D are fhe same as that
for Zi and 1Y| (see Figure 3-15). When the
measured value of [Z] or [Y | 15 less than 5% of
fuil scale, 8, Q, and D measurement cannot be
made and — — = - 18 displayed on DISPLAY B.
The measurement ranges for these
parameters are selected automatically. If
the measued value exceeds the limit of the
display, OF2 will be displayed on the
corresponding display.
Table 3-16. Measurement Range of 9/0/D
Measuremen Ë Measurement Range Resolution
0 (deg) 0° m+ 180% 0.019
- 7 > 1.000 0.001
9 (rad) - 1.0000 —+ 1.0000 0.0001
+ 1.000 ~+ 7 0.001
Q 0 — 1999,9 0.1
5 0~1.9999 0.0001
2.000 — 19.999 0.001
Model 41924
Section IT
Figure 3-15
OSC LEVEL (V)
OSC LEVEL (V)
Display Digits for 1Z| Measurements
X, X, X (Digits)
A
| Y HIGH SPEED
_ — NORMAL
Frequency <400 Hz — AVERAGE
1.1
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a Figure 3-15. Display Digíts for 12Z1/!Y | Measurements (sheet 1 of 2)
3-43
Section НЕ
Figure 3-15
Model 4192A
OSC LEVEL (V)
OSC LEVEL (V)
Freguency <400 Hz
Display Digits for | Y | Measurements
X, X, X (Digits)
|. HIGH SPEED
—— NORMAL
— AVERAGE
1.1
2.2.1 4,33
0.3 N 4.4.3
1.3.3 3,3.2
B.1
2.1.1 4.3.3 3.2.7
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2,2.1 3.3.7 „2.2.1
1.1.1
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400 Hz< Frequency
1.1
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2.1.1 3.2.2
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3-44
Figure 3-15. Display Digits for ¡Z|/! Y | Measurements (sheet 2 of 2)
Model 4192A Section HI
Figure 3-16
Measurement Ranges, Resolution, and Display Digits for L Measurements (Specified by IZI RANGE),
IZ la eye:
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Measurement Frequency (Hz)
Measurement Ranges, Resolution, and Display Digits for C Measurements (Specified by [YI RANGE).
Y [Range
1365 185 HE 19085
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-100Ё TODE THF
“e ] pre FARE À -1008F- ‚nF -l —i00nF
005 F- E —-3pF-4— topr. nf +—-JOnf
——19£F-1--100fF-4 —-1pf | 1009F-
PEF 106-1005 je -- me TOpF
5 10 100 ik 10k TONE 1 108 33M
Measurement Frequency (Hz)
Note: Display digits for L/C = Display digit of 1Z1/1Y lin Figure 3-15 — Number in above figure. Shaded
areas indicate that measurement cannot be performed,
Figure 3-16. Measurement Ranges, Resolution and Display Digits for L./C Measurements.
3-45
Section HI
Paragraphs 3-73 and 3-74
3-73, Circuit Mode
3-74. An impedance element can be represented by a
simple series or parallel equivalent circuit comprised of
resistive and reactive elements. This representation is
possible by either of the (series or parallel) equivalents
because both have identical impedances at the selected
measurement frequency by properly establishing the
values of the equivalent circuit elements. The equiva-
lent circuit to be measured is selected by setting the
CIRCUIT MODE control. When the CIRCUIT MODE
is set to AUTO, the 4192A will automatically select
either parallel or series equivalent circuit mode as
appropriate for the ZY RANGE as shown in Figure
3-17. In the figure, the CIRCUIT MODE does not change
at 1002/100mS to 10k©/imS (measurement can be
performed not only in equivalent series circuit [oc |
mode but equivalent parallel circuit [of to] mode as
well), By setting CIRCUIT MODE manually, either of
the circuit modes is useable at all measurement ranges.
As already stated, the 4192A measures R +iX (imped-
ance} when the CIRCUIT MODE is set to equivalent
series circuit and G + jB (admittance) when the CIRCUIT
MODE is set to equivalent parallel circuit. Other imped-
ance parameters are calculated from these measured
values with the equations given in Table 3-14. ¡Z! and
¡Y | are not related to the CIRCUIT MODE. However,
|Z] is selected when the CIRCUIT MODE is set to AUTO
Ofori-moand |Yf[ is selected when the CIRCUIT MODE
is set too{ "1. Capacitance and inductance measure
ments can be performed in not only equivalent series
circuit (wwo) mode but also equivalent parallel circuit
(oF). However, measured values in both modes are
different. The difference in measued values is related
to the loss factor of the sample to be measured. When
the conditions for the following equations are satisfied,
the parallel and series circuits have equal impedance (at
a particular frequency point).
Model 4192 A
R +.
G+juCp =— €
2 +
R w? Cs?
1 ea
where, Cs (=- ——): equivalent series circuit
La) .
capacitance.
Cp(= = ) : equivalent parallel} circuit
capacitance.
Obviously, if no series resistance (R) and paraliel. con-
ductance (G) are present, the equivalent series circuit
capacitance {{s) and equivalent parallel circuit capaci-
tance (Cp) are identical. Likewise, if R and G are not
present, the equivalent series circuit inductance (Ls) and
equivalent parallel induetance (Lp) are identical.
However, a sample value measured in a parallei measure-
ment circuit can be correlated with that of a series circuit
by a simple conversion formula which considers the
effect of dissipation factor. See Table 3-17. Figure 3-18
graphically shows the relationships of parallel and series
parameters for various dissipation factor values. Ap-
plicable diagrams and equations are given in the chart,
For example, a parallel capacitance (Cp) of 1000pF with
a dissipation factor of 0.5 is equivalent to a series
capacitance (Cs) of 1250pF with an identical dissipation
factor. As shown in Figure 3-18, inductance or capaci-
tance values for parallel and series equivalents are nearly
equal when the dissipation factor is less than 0.03. The
dissipation factor of a component always has the same
2Y RANGE
Measurement
Equivalent Circuit 12/108 100/18 10092/100ms | 1k2/10mS | 10k5/1mS | 100kQ/10048 | TMQ/10uS
|
oo a =>
Lhe -
y
Figure 3-17, Auto Changing of the Measurement Equivalent Circuit
3-46
Моде! 4192 А
section 1H
Paragraphs 3-75 and 3-76
Table 3-17. Dissipation Factor Equations
Circuit Mode Dissipation Factor Conversion to Other Modes
Na G D*
EH = 2x 00 = С = 08°. 2...
Ag Dos у Ср = O Cs (i +В ) Ср, К | + nz G
С G .
MO D = wcCsR == res Co п THD? Cs, Cr = 11D Rr
_ _ Y Dt
D = © Грб = с) 18 = ту Lp, К = 115: G
L
DS Ls Qe bp = (1+DDLs GT TDR
value at a given frequency for both parallel and series
equivalents.
In ordinary LCR measuring instruments, the measure-
ment circuit is set {automatically or manually) to a
predetermined equivalent circuit with respect to either
the selected range or to the dissipation factor value of
the sample. The wider circuit mode selection capabi-
lity of the 4192A, which is free from these restrictions,
permits taking measurements in the desired circuit mode
and of comparing such measured values directly with
those obtained by another instrument. This obviates
the inconvenience and necessity of employing instru-
ments capable of taking measurements with the same
equivalent circuit to assure measurement result cor
respondence.
ton
10N+1
io”
Figure 3-18, Parallel and Series Parameter Relationship
3-75. Unkown Terminals
3-76. For connecting the sample to be tested, the 4192A
employs measurement terminals in a four terminal pair
configuration, which has a significant measuring advantage
for component parameter measurements requiring high
accuracy in the high frequency region. Generally, any
mutual inductance, interference of the measurement sig-
nals, and unwanted residual factors in the connection
method which are incidental to ordinary terminal methods
significantly affect the measurement at a high frequency.
The four terminal pair configuration measurement per-
mits easy, stable and accurate measurements and avoids
the measurement limitations inherent in such effects, To
construct this terminal architecture, connection of a
sample to the instrument requires the use of a fest fixture
or test leads in a four terminal pair configuration design.
The UNKNOWN terminals consist of four connectors:
High current (Hey), High potential (Hpor), Low poten-
tial (Lpor) and Low current (Lcuyr). The purpose of
the current terminals 1s to cause a measurement signal
current to flow through the sampie. The potential ter-
minals are for detecting the voltage drop across the sam-
ple. The high side signifies the drive potential (referenced
to low side potential) drawn from the internal measure-
ment signal source. To compose a measurement circuit
loop in a four termina! pair configuration, the Hour and
Hpor, LpoTt and ELcur terminals must be respectively
connected together and, in addition, the shields of all
conductors must be connected together (as shown in
Figure 3-19). Principle of the four terminal configuration
measurement is illustrated in Figure 3-20. Af first glance,
the arrangement appears to be an expanded four terminal
3-47
Section II
Figure 3-19 and 3-20
method with a bullt-in guard structure. This is true. Thus,
the four terminal pair method combines the advantages
Model 4192A
of the four terminal method in low impedance measure-
ments while providing the shielding required for high im-
pedance measurements. The distinctive feature of the
four terminal pair configuration is that the outer shield
conductor works as the return path for the measurement
signal current. The same current flows through both the
center conductors and the outer shield conductors (in
opposite directions) yet no external magnetic fields are
generated around the conductors (the magnetic fields
produced by the inner and outer currents completely
cancel each other). Because the measurement signal
current does not develop an inductive magnetic field, the
test leads do not contribute additional measurement
aI
A — o ME All eben ely
EEE AC Alper ECA A MAMMALS A
HPOT
DUT
errors due to self-or mutual-inductance between the indi-
vidual leads. Hence, the four terminal pair method en-
ables measurements with best accuracy while minimizing
any stray capacitance and residual inductance in the test
leads or test fixture,
Note: If residual inductance does exist in test leads, it
affects measurements and the resultant additional
measurement error increases in capacitance
measurements in proportion to the square of the
measurement frequency.
Figure 3-19.
Four Terminal Pair DUT Connections
ее DUT —
0sC
HroT VECTOR
VOLTMETER
A
V
Detects vector
voltage across DUT
| ue
{
\/
LPOT
| VECTOR
L / AMMETER
Detects vector
current flow
through DUT
Figure 3-20. Four Terminal Pair Measurement Principle
3-48
Model 4197A
3-77. Selection of Test Cable Length
3-78, The propagation signal in a transmission line will
develop a change in phase between two points on the
line as illustrated in Figure 3-21. The difference in phase
corresponds to the ratio of the distance between the two
points to the wavelength of the propagating signal. Con-
sequently, owing to their length, test cables for connect-
ing a sample will cause a phase shift and a propagation
loss of the test signal. For example, the wavelength of a
13MHZz test signal is 23 meters which is 23 times as long
as the Im standard test cables. Here, the phase of the
test signal at the end of the test cable will have been
shifted by about 15.6 degrees (360° + 23) as referenced
to the phase at the other end of the cable. Since the
effect of test cables on measurements and the resultant
measurement error increase in proportion to the fest
frequency, cable length must be taken into consideration
in high frequency measuremnts. The CABLE LENGTH
switch selects measuring circuitry for the Im standard
test cables or for a test fixture attached directly to the
UNKNOWN terminals. When standard Im test cables
are used for measurements, the CABLE LENGTH switch
is set to the Im position to properly adapt measuring
circuit for the test cables and to minimize additional
measurement errors. The O position is selected for direct
attachment type test fixtures.
Notes:
] When the HP16047B Test Fixture is used with the
41924, set CABLE LENGTH switch to Im position.
2, If test cable is longer or shorter than the standard 1m
test cable, the additional error contributed is pro-
portional to the square of the frequency. As tne
characteristic impedance of the test cable is also a
Test Cable
| €
-
4 À
6 Oz
не Wove lengih A, —————
2-01: LA {radian}
{ irod - 57.2958°)
Figure 3-21. Test Signal! Phase on Test Cables
Section II!
Paragraphs 3-77 to 3-81
factor in the propagation loss and phase shift (and of
resultant measurement error), using different type test
cables must be avoided. Be sure to use the standard
test cables available from Hewlett-Packard.
3 To minimize incremental measurement errors at fre-
quencies above 4MHz, convert four terminal pair to
three terminal configuration at cable ends by con-
necting High and Low side cables. respectively, with
low impedance straps as illustrated (do not extend
cables of four terminal pair) The residual error
factors, Lo and Co, are shown in the figure.
{CUR LPOT {POT HCUR
BRACKET
a
3-79. ZERO Offset Adjustment
3-80. There is no perfect test fixture. They ail have
parasitic elements that affect measurement accuracy.
This is also true of the measurement circuit. To minimize
the effect these parasitic elements have on measurements,
the 4192A is equipped with an automatic ZERO offset
adjustment capability. Refer to Figure 3-30 for the
ZERO offset procedure.
3-81. The 4192A measures R +jX (impedance) in
equivalent series circuit mode and G+jB (admittance)
in equivalent parallel circuit mode. All other impedance
parameters are calculated from R +jX or GB (refer
to paragraph 3-69). When one of the other impedance
parameters is measured (after offset adjustment), com-
pensation is made on the raw measurement data (R + jX
от С % iB) before conversion into the selected parameter.
(1) ZERO SHORT
All measurement errors are represented as two
series residual parameters R +jX as shown in
Figure 3-22 and measured values are compensated
with following equations.
Figure 3-22. Residual Impedance
3-49
Section IN
Table 3-18
where Rd, Xd : Displaved values,
Km, Xm : Measured values. (2)
Rs, Rs : ZERO SHORT offset data
The 4192A calculates ZERO SHORT offset data
at other frequencies using the ZERO SHORT
offset data at a particular frequency as shown in
Model 4192A
Table 3-18 and compensates measured values at
other {requencies.
ZERO OPEN
All measurement errors are represented as two
parallel stray parameters, G + iB. as shown in
Figure 3-23,and measured values are compensated
with following equations.
Table 3-18. ZERO Offset Adjustments
Measurement (Hz)
ZERO Offset Adjustments
SHORT
OPEN*
not valid at 6 Hz.
5 ~ 500 ZERO offset adjustment must be performed at each spot frequency. For example, offset adjustment at 5Hz is
500 ~ 100k ZERO SHORT offset at 100kHz is valid for ali fre-
quencies from 500Hz to 100kHz,
ZERO SHORT offset data is automatically recalcu-
lated for each frequency within a given frequency
range if ZERO SHORT offset is performed at the
maximum frequency of that range, The equations
100k ~ IM used for this are as follows:
_ 1X Fm
Кс = Rs X тх ES
Xe = Xs x Em
Fs
Rn = Rm — Re Xp = Xm — Xe
IM ~ [OM
ZERQG OPEN offset data is automatically recalculated
for each frequency within a given frequency range if
ZERO OPEN offset is performed at 1 MHz, The equa-
tions used for this are as follows:
Ge = Go
Bo y Em
Be Fo
H
Gp = Gm — Ge Bp = Bm — Be
ZERO OPEN offset data is automatically
recalculated for each frequency within a given
frequency range if ZERO OPEN offset is performed
at the maximum frequency of that range. The
equations used for this are the same as those used in
the 506Hz to 1MHZ range.
ZERO SHORT offset data is automatically recalcu-
lated for each frequency within a given frequency
10M ~ 13M range if ZERO SHORT offset is performed at 10MEZ.
The equations used for this are the same as those used
in the 100kHz to 10MHz range.
ZERO OPEN offset data is automatically recalculated
for each frequency within a given frequency range if
ZERO OPEN offset is performed at IOMHz. The
equations used for this are the same as those used in
the 500 Hz to 1 MHz range.
Fm : Measuring frequency (MHz)
Re, Xe, Gc, Be : Recalculated offset data
Rs, Xs : ZERO SHORT offset data
Go, Bo : ZERO OPEN offset data
Rp, Xp, Gp, BD : Displayed value of DUT
Rm, Xm, Gm, Gm : Value measured by the 4192 A includes offset error.
4
Fs : Frequency at which ZERO SHORT offset adjustment is performed (MHz),
Fo : Frequency at which ZERO OPEN offset adjustment is performed (MHz).
: The ZERO OPEN offset adjustment should be performed at each measuring frequency in measurements on grounded devices.
3-50
Model 41924
Gd = Gm — Go
Bd = Gm — Bo
where Gd, Bd : Displayed Values.
Gm, Bm : Measured Values,
Go, Ba : ZERO OPEN offset data
The 4192A calculates ZERO OPEN offset data at
other frequencies using the ZERG OPEN offset
data at a particular frequency as shown in Table
3-18 and compensates measured values at the
other frequencies.
3-82. Actual Measurement Equivalent Circuit
3-83. The measuring circuit used to connect a test
sample to the UNKNOWN terminals actually becomes
part of the sample which the instrument measures. The
four terminal pair configuration measurement employed
in the 4192A offers minimum residual impedance in the
measuring circuit. However, the four terminal pair meas-
urement system must be converted to a two terminal
configuration at/near to the sample because ordinary
components have two terminal leads. Moreover, addi-
tional stray capacitance appears in the measuring circuit
when a sample is connected to the test fixture. Figure
3-24 illustrates such stray capacitances present around
the component leads.
3-84. Diverse parasitic elements existing in the meas-
uring circuit between the unknown device and the
measurement terminals will affect measurement results.
These undesired parasitic elements are present as resistive
and reactive factors in series and conductive and suscep-
Section HI
Paragraphs 3-82 to 3-84
Figure 3-23. Stray Admittance
Figure 3-24. Parasitic Elements incident to DUT Connections
tive factors in parallel with the test component. Figure
3-25 shows an equivalent circuit model of the measuring
circuit which includes the parasitic elements (usually
ï Y Measured impedance (Rm + jXm) is:
3 2
( ( _ R (1 + RGo) + GoX?
$ y Rm = 7 @CoX + RGO) + (@ВСо + бох)° ° Ко
| ен Х (1 - @CoX) ~ @CoR?
iXm = IT EEX + RGo)? + (@RCo + GoX)?2 * eLo;
=
=
|
Measured admittance (Gm + jBm) 1s:
"(I~ wLoB + GRoy + (wGLo + RoBY
Ш it (1- wLoB +GRoY + (wGLo + RoBY
: 2
G (1 + GRo) + RoB + Go
- _ 2 |
B(i-ovLoB) - eLoG + wCo}
Figure 3-25.
Equivalent Circuits Including Residual Impedance
3-51
Section {H
Paragraph 3-85
Model 4192A
Effect of residual impedance on C — G measurement:
Cm = Cx (1 + 0? LoCx — 2 RoGx — LoGx?/Cx)
Gm = Gx (1 + 20? LoCx — RoGx +0? RoCx?/Gx)
Go
Lx Rx
Effect of stray admittance on L — R measurement:
Lm =~ Lx (1 — 2GoRx + w*CoLx — CoRx?/Cx)
Rm % Rx (1 — GoRx + 20° CoLx — w* Lx? Go/Rx)
Figure 3-26.
called residual parameters). In the equivalent measuring
circuit (Figure 3-25), Lo represents residual inductances
in test component leads, Ro is lead resistance. Go is con-
ductance between the leads, and Co is the stray capaci-
tance illustrated in Figure 3-24. Reactive factors in the
residual impedance and susceptive factors in the stray
admittance have a greater effect on measurement at
higher frequencies,
3-85. Figure 3-26 shows the effect of residual imped-
ance on C —G measurement and the effect of stray
admittance on L — R measurement, Generally, Lo
resonates with the capacitance of the sample (series
resonance) and Co resonates with the inductance of the
sample (parallel resonance), respectively, at a specific
high frequency. Thus, the impedance of the test sample
will have a minimum value corresponding to resonant
peaks, as shown in Figure 3-27. The presence of Lo and
Co causes measurement errors, as the phase of the test
signal current varies over a broad frequency region
around the resonant frequencies. Additional errors, due
to the resonance, increase in proportion to the square of
the measurement frequency (below resonant frequency)
and can be theoretically approximated as follows:
Cerror =~ @w*LoCx * 100 (%)
LERROR A w?Colx * 100 (7)
where, & = 2af(f£: test frequency)
Cx = Capacitance value of sample.
Lx = Inductance value of sample.
At low frequencies, Lo and Co affect the measured in-
ductance and capacitance values, respectively, as simple
additive errors. These measurement errors cannot be
fully eliminated by the ZERO offset adjustment (which
permits compensating for residual factors inherent in the
3-52
Effects of Residual impedance
test fixture used). This is because Lo and Co are peculiar
to the component being measured. Their values depend
on component lead length and on the distance between
the sample and test fixture. The measurement results,
then, are substantially the sample values including the
parasitic impednaces present under the conditions neces-
sary to connect and hold the sample.
180%
90%
~180™ +
freg
Figure 3-27. Effect of Resonance in Sample
(Example)
Model 4192A
3-86. Measured Values and Behavior of Components
3-87. Measured resistive and reactive {conductive or
susceptive) parameter values of a component are not
always close to their respective nominal values. Im
addition, certain electrical effects can cause the measure-
ment fo vary widely. Measured sample values inciude
factors which vary such values because of electromagnetic
effects such as the well-known skin effect of a conductor,
the general characteristics of ferromagnetic inductor
cores, and effects of dielectric materials In capacitors.
Here, we’ll discuss only the effects which result from
the interaction of the reactive (susceptive) parameter
elements (L, C, etc.) of a component.
3-88. The impedance of a component can be expressed
in vector representation by a complex number as shown
in Figure 3-28. In such representation, the effective
resistance and effective reactance correspond to the pro-
jections of the impedance vector IZ |<, that is, the real
(R} axis and the imaginary (1X) axis, respectively.
When phase angle, 9, changes, both Re and X change in
accordance with the definitions above. As component
measurement parameters L, C, R, D, etc., are also re-
presentations of components related to the impedance
JX
priva ———]] app —— spp apa
JXe я
E
ху |
|
i
i
Figure 3-28. Impedance Vector Representation
Section III
Paragraphs 3-86 to 3-90
vector, phase angle, 6, dominates their values. Consider,
for example, the inductance and the loss of an inductive
component at frequencies around its self-resonant fre-
quency. Figure 3-29 shows the equivalent circuit of the
inductor, The inductance Lx resonates with the dis-
tributed capacitance Co at frequency fo. The phase angle
(8) of the impedance vector approaches O degrees (the
vector approaches the R axis) when the operating fre-
quency is close to the resonant frequency. Thus, the
inductance of this component decreases while, on the
other hand, the resistive factor (loss) increases. At the
resonant frequency, fo, this component is purely resistive.
The effective resistance increases at resonance even if
the inductor has (ideally) no resistance at dc. Conse-
quently, the loss factor varies sharply at frequencies
around the resonance point.
3-89. Measurement Time
3-90. Table 3-19 shows the measurement times for im-
pedance measurements made with the 41924.
JX 4 2 f1< fa<fo<fs<ia
2% /LxCo
Figure 3-29. Typical impedance Locus of an Inductor
3-53
Section HI
Table 3-19
Model 4197A
Table 3-19. Measurement Time for Impedance Measurement
Measurement Measurement Measurement Frequency (Hz)
Function Mode 5 ~ 15 15 ~ 150 150 ~ 400 [400 ~ 116k 116k ~ 13M
HIGH SPEED — 157.5 ~ 275 +715 70 ~ 84 | 77~ 91
IZI/IY|-0 | NORMAL 0% + 59 "255 4 n | +5 2094 72 159 ~ 172 166- 179
AVERAGE | 2 +50 -00 473 1060 ~ 1073 1067—1080
HIGH SPEED 224 45.5 58 65
R/G-X/B | NORMAL LL +47 2800 4 47 147 154
AVERAGE 22200 4 48 1048 1055
HIGH SPEED A +60,5 - 20 + 645 63 ~ 67 | 70~ 74
L/C -- D/Q/R/G | NORMAL e 5 ~ = +55 2205 +52 — = +55 152 ~ 155 159~ 162
AVERAGE A 452 — +55 1052 ~ 1055 1059 ~1062
HIGH SPEED SR +475 60 67
ZI 15 J NORMAL 20904 49 О 4 49 149 156
AVERAGE 055 +50 1050 1057
HIGH SPEED > +415 54 61
R/X* NORMAL == 41 LL +41 141 148
AVERAGE 1 = + 43 1043 1050
HIGH SPEED | il +445 57 64
L/C* NORMAL ==, 43 AL +45 145 152
AVERAGE 2 446 1046 1053
3-139),
Measurement times are typical values in ms; f : measuring frequency (Hz).
+ : Measurement times for ¡Z1/1Y1, R/X and L/C are times at single measurements by setting an internal switch (refer to paragraph
3-54
Model 4192A Section HI
Paragraphs 3-95 and 3-96
3-95, impedance Measurement Operating Instructions
3-96. Basic operating instructions for impedance meas-
urements are given in Figure 3-30.
{1} Turn On and Test Fixture Connection
a. Press the LINE ON/OFF key to turn the 4192 A on.
b. Following turn on, the instrument will perform the following operations in the order listed.
1 Initial operational check is performed (refer to paragraph 3-7).
2 HP-IB address, set by the HP-IB contro! switch on rear-panel (refer to paragraph 3-117), is displayed on
DISPLAY À (e.g., H-17).
3 Initial control setting is performed (refer to paragraph 3-9).
с. Confirm that 4192A trigger lamp begins to flash.
d. Press the BLUE key and then the SELF TEST key to check the basic operation of the instrument. Refer to
paragraph 3-7 for details on the SELF TEST.
Note: The 41924 requires a one hour warm up time to satisfy all specifications listed in Table 1-1.
e. Set the CABLE LENGTH switch to the OQ position.
Note: Set the CABLE LENGTH switch to appropriate position when other test fixtures are used. Guard
terminal is sometimes used in high impedance measurements.
f. Connect the 16047A Test Fixture to the UNKNOWN terminals.
(2) Setting Measurement Conditions
a. Select the desired DISPLAY A parameter by pressing the or (up-down) key. The indicator lamp
adjacent to the selected parameter will come on (refer to paragraph 3-69).
b. Select the desired DISPLAY B parameter (compatible with the DISPLAY A parameter selected in step a)
by pressing the key (refer to paragraph 3-69).
с. Select the desired equivalent circuit mode, series { eI ) or parallel { + ), by pressing CIRCUIT
MODE keys for selected DISPLAY A function (refer to paragraph 3-73).
d. Select the desired ZY RANGE by pressing the [9] or (9) (up-down) key (refer to paragraph 3-71).
e. Press SPOT FREQ key. Set the desired spot frequency (initial setting is 100kHz) with the DATA input
keys (refer to paragraph 3-29) and press the appropriate ENTER key.
(Example) Spot frequency = 7.5MHz
STOP
FRECQYRÍAS MET Y
Key strokes : [5] О CJ
The spot frequency setting, 7500.000kHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C (Test Parameter Data Dis-
play}.
Figure 3-30. Operating instructions for impedance Measuzaments (Sheet 1 of 3)
3-57
Section {II Model 4192A
Figure 3-30
f. Press the OSC LEVEL key. Set the desired measuring signal level (initial setting value is ! V) with the
DATA input keys (refer То paragraph 3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key.
(Example) OSClevel = 750mV
Key strokes : [5] A E E 0]
The G5C level setting, 0.750V, is displayed on DISPLAY €.
(3) ZERO Offset Adjustments
Note: When the 16047B Test Fixture is used, close the protective cover to enable measurement. Closing the
cover electrically connects the instrument's UNKNOWN terminals to the fixture; opening the cover dis-
connects the fixture from terminals.
a. insert a low impedance shorting-bar to the Test Fixture to short-circuit the UNKNOWN terminals to 0£2
(OH).
b. Press the BLUE key and then the ZERO SHORT key. Indicator lamp will come on and R (resistance) and
X (reactance) offset adjustments are automatically performed at the spot frequency displayed on DISPLAY
C (refer to paragraph 3-79). CAL (calibration) is displayed on DISPLAY A and will remain until the offset
adjustment is completed; a value of approximately zero will then be displayed.
SHORT
Key strokes :
с. Remove the shorting-bar from the test fixture.
d. Set the circuit mode to e
e. Press the BLUE key and the ZERO OPEN key. Indicator lamp will come on and G (conductance) and B
{susceptance) offset adjustments are automatically performed at the spot measuring frequency displayed on
DISPLAY C (refer to paragraph 3-79). CAL (calibration) is displayed on DISPLAY A and will remain until
the offset adjustment is completed; a value of approximately zero will then be displayed.
OPEN
Key strokes [e]
(4) Connecting a DUT (Device Under Test)
a. Connecta DUT to Test Fixture.
Note: To accurately set the test signal level, use the TEST LEVEL MONITOR key to monitor the actual
test signal level applied to the DUT (voltage or current) {refer to paragraph 3-91). If necessary, reset
OSC LEVEL at step (3H),
b. The 4192A will automatically display the measured values of the DUT in accordance with the measurement
conditions.
Figure 3-30, Operating Instructions for Impedance Measurements (Sheet 2 of 3}
3-58
Model 4192A
3-31. Test Signal Level Monitor
3-97. The 4192A can measure the actual test signal
voltage (V) across the DUT or test signal current (mA)
through the DUT by using TEST LEVEL MONITOR key,
The measured value is displayed on the Test Parameter
Data Display. Hiren
Key strokes (voltage): [o] Ш
Key strokes (current): [Glue 6
Accuracy for the test signal voltage and current is given
in Table 3-20. The accuracies listed in the table are not
specifications; they are typical values. The read out of
test signal voltage will normally be close to the setting of
the OSC LEVEL. However, when a low impedance com-
Section IL
Paragraphs 3-91 and 3-92
ponent (less than approximately 1k£2) is connected to
the UNKNOWN terminals as a DUT, the test signal volt-
age: decreases because of internal loading. Actual test
signal voltage is, thus, lower than the OSC LEVEL
setting. The displayed value, nevertheless, is the correct
voltage [current readout for the test signal level actually
being used in the measurement.
When test cables are used in high frequency measure-
ments, accuracy of the displayed test voltage is reduced.
This is because the propagation loss in the test cables
decreases the level of the test signal applied to the sample.
The typical accuracies at frequencies above 1MHz, given
in Table 3-20, apply only when a direct attachment
type test fixture is used.
Table 3-20, Test Signal Level Monitor Accuracy
Measurement Mode | Measurement Range | Resolution
Measuring Frequency
Accuracy*
< 100Hz + ((4 + 10/1) % of reading + 1 mV)
Voltage my > 1.1V 1mV 100Hz — IMHz | +( 4% of reading + 1mV)
> 1MHZ + ((4+0.85) % of reading + 1 mV)
< 100Hz + ((4 + 10/0 % of reading + 14A)
Current tus ~ НИ ту Luh {00Hz ~ MHz + { 4% of reading + 1 uA)
> 1 MHz + ((4 + 0.8F) % of reading + 1 pA)
x at 23°C + 5°C, f : measuring frequency (Hz), F : measuring frequency (MHz).
3-55
Section IH
Paragraphs 3-93 and 3-94
3-93. Characteristics of Test Fixtures
394. Characteristics and applicable measurement ranges
of HP test fixtures and test leads for the 4192 A are sum-
marized in Table 3-21. To facilitate measurement and to
minimize measurement errors, a test fixture appropriate
for the measurement should be chosen from among HP's
standard accessories. Select the test fixture or leads that
have the desired performance characteristics.
Table 3-21. Typical Characteristics of Test Fixtures and heads
Model 4192A
Model No. Residual Parameter Value % of Reading Error (Al! Parameters)*1 Offset Value in D
16047A 5X Ly % + 0.02 X (= ?
10 10
16047 В*2
16047C 1X Ly % + 0.01 Хх с *
| 10 10
16048A |
f f
+ nz + a
+5 Xx G5) % + 0,02 X Go
16048B
16048C*3 C<5pF, L<200nH, R<10m& TT
10034B*s C<0.02pF, L<30nH, R < 30m +5 X % + 0.02 X Ga 2
16095 A #5 C<15pF, L<L40nH, R< 100m
LOipF, LL(00+05f nH
16096 A #6 C <0.01pF, L<(100 YnH,
К < (50 + 51) mQ
f : frequency (MHz)
*1 : The incremental errors calculated from the equations in the table for measurements at frequencies above 1 MHz are additive.
*2 : The 160478 is useable only at frequencies below 2 MHz.
*3 : The 16048C is useable with € (> 1000pF) and L {> 100uH) DUT's at frequencies below 100KHz.
+: The 16034B is useable for measurements on high impedance DUT’s (Z.> 3500).
«5 : When BNC adapter is used.
*6 : At BNC connector after zero offset.
3-56
Model 41924
Section HI
Figure 3-30
1)
2)
3)
CAUTIONS
De not appiy voltage to the Leur or Lpor terminals, To do so may damage the instrument.
The 4192 A can be used to measure charged capacitorss however, charge voitage 1s limited.
If the limit is exceeded, i.e., if the charge voltage is too high, the instrument may be
damaged. The limit depends on whether the 4192A's internal de blas source is ON or OFF
and the capacitance of the capacitor being measured. Refer to the graph below. Also,
when the bias source is ON, output voltage should be set to OY.
When making impedance measurements on an active circuit (e.g., voltage source, battery,
ete.), DO NOT allow a de voltage exceeding 210V to be applied to the Hcr terminal. To do
so may damage the instrument. Also, in these measurements, the 4192A becomes part oí
below. When the dc bias voltage of the circuit is higher than £10V, connect a 2.2uF (or
less) capacitor in series with the Hcur terminal to block the de bias voltage. If a suitable
capacitor is not available from conventional sources, order HP Part No.: 0160-0128; 7.2UF,
50V,
The 16095A Probe Fixture is equipped with this blocking capacitor: the 16096A, however, is
not. When the 16096A is used, connect the blocking capacitor to the SHORT/EXTERNAL
CAP terminals instead of the short-connector. With the blocking capacitor connected, the
output impedance of the test signal source is increased and, thus, the signal level js
reduced. Consequently, accurate impedance measurements on active circuits are possible
only above a specified frequency for a given |Z] range. Refer to the graph below. Tor
example, if the impedance of the DUT is 9kQ, the 4182A automatically selects the 10kQ
range. On this range, with the 2.2uF capacitor connected, the lowest useable frequency is
approximately 80Hz. At frequencies below 80Hz, accuracy of measurement results
decreases, For measurements at lower frequencies, a higher value blocking capacitor must
be used. To measure the 9k& DUT mentioned above at 10Hz, for example, a blocking
capacitor of approximately 12uF must be used.
To change the value of the blocking capacitor in the 16095A, an external capacitor must be
connected to the EXT CAPACITOR terminals. The value of this capacitor must be equal to
the desired blocking capacitor value (determined from the graph) minus 2.2uF (the value of
the blocking capacitor in the 15095A).When the value of the blocking capacitor is higher
than 2.2uF, the maximum allowable de bias voltage 1s £10V, NEVER apply a de voltage
exceeding +35V to the Hcur terminal.
100 <
Capacitance (uF)
BÍAS ON
ElAS OFF
Charged Voltage (V)
TOM: im 10m 100m T : 1 Tk
Measurement Frequency (Hz!
Capacitance (F) 9 y [Hz]
Measurement Frequency @ <38kHz | 0 238kHz
ZY RANGE £ 1k92 10k 2100k9 < kg 210k 8
DC Load 1408 9808 8.4kQ 1408 1608
Figure 3-30. Operating Instructions for Impedance Measurements {Sheet 3 of 3}
3-59
Section III
Model 4192A
Paragraphs 3-97 and 3-98
3-97. Swept Frequency Measurements
3-98. Basic operating instructions for swept-frequency
impedance measurements are given in Figure 3-31.
Notes: 1, Before proceeding with the procedure given below, set the 4192A's controls as necessary for an impedance
measurement, Refer to Figure 3-50,
2. The 41924 has a ZERO offset adjustment function to eliminate the residual impedance and stray ad-
mittance of the test fixture and test leads. ZERO offset adjustment should be performed at each spot
(measuring) frequency. However, the 4192A calculates ZERO offset data (SHORT and OPEN) at other
frequencies using the ZERO offset data taken at a particular frequency as shown in Table 3-18 and compen-
sates measured values at other frequencies. When a swept-frequency measurement is performed. ZERO
offset adjustment should be performed at the appropriate frequency in accordance with Table 3-18. In this
procedure {Example START FREQ = 100kHz and STOP FREQ = IMHz), ZERO offset adjustment
(SHORT and OPEN) should be performed at 1MHz.
(1) Setting Sweep Parameters
a. Press the START FREQ key. Set the start (lower limit) frequency (initial setting value is 5Hz) of the
desired sweep frequency range with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-24) and press the appro-
priate ENTER key.
(Example) Start frequency = 100kHz
START
1 kHz my
Key strokes : ©) B lo] (]
The start frequency setting, 100.0000kHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C (Test Parameter Data Dis-
play).
b. Press the STOP FREQ key. Set the stop (upper limit) frequency (initial setting is 13MHz) of the desired
sweep frequency range with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-24) and press the appropriate
ENTER key.
(Example) Stop frequency = 1MHz
Втор
FREG/SIAS MHz ¥
Key strokes : [6] [3
The stop frequency setting, 1000.000 kHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C.
Note: The stop frequency should be higher than the start frequency, If not, error-code E-03 will be
displayed on DISPLAY C when swept measurement is attempted and measurement will be not
performed.
с. Press the STEP FREQ key. Set the desired step frequency (initial setting is | kHz) with the DATA input
keys (refer to paragraph 3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key.
(Example) Step frequency = 1kHz
BRE
ERFO/GIRE kr mv
Key strokes: [e] [1] (]
The step frequency setting, 1.000000kHz, is displayed on DISPLAY €.
Figure 3-31. Operating Instructions for Swept Frequency Impedance Measurements (Sheet 1 of 3)
3-60
Model 4192A
Section IT
Figure 3-31
Note: In LOG SWEEP measurement applications, STEP FREQ. has no meaning. To set the instrument to
logarithmic sweep mode, press the BLUE key and the LOG SWEEP kev;
come on. In this mode, automatic or manual sweeps are made at twenty frequency steps per
decade, Each step is calculated from the following formula:
FX 100-05N
where F is the start frequency (3 Hz, 10Hz, 100Hz, 1kHz, 10kHz, 100kHz, IMHz, or TOMHz) and
N is an integer that represents the step number. For example, if the start frequency is 100 kHz and
the indicator lamp will
the stop frequency is 1 MHz, the sweep will be as follows:
1 112.2018kHz 6 199.5262kHz 11 354.8133kHz 16 630.9573kHz
2 125,8925 kHz 7 223.8721kHz 12 398.1071kHz 17 707.9457kHz
3 141,2537kHz 8 25! 1886kHz7 13 446.6835kHz 18 794 3282kHz
4 158.4893 kHz 9 281.8382kHz 14 501.1872kHz 19 891.2509 kHz
5 177.8279kHz 10 316.2277kHz 15 562.3413kHz 20 1000.000 kHz
The start and stop frequencies, which determine
the sweep range, are limited to decade values
а.
(10, 100 Ik, 10k 100k, 1M, 16M). If, for example, the start frequency is set to 50kHz and the
stop frequency is set to SOUKHz, the instrument automatically sets the sweep range to 10kHz to
1MHz. There are, however, two exceptions to this: (1) when the start frequency is set to a value
below 10Hz and (2) when the stop frequency is set to a value above 10MHz. In such cases, the
instrument automatically assumes a start frequency of 5Hz and a stop frequency of 13MHz, re-
spectively.
(2) Manual Sweep
In manual sweeps, the sweep begins at the spot frequency and the sweep range is determined by the start and
stop frequencies.
Set the desired spot frequency (initial setting is 100kHz) with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph
3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key,
Spot frequency = 100kHz
SPOT
(Example)
kHr mw
Key strokes : In) (1 [o] [0] u
The spot frequency, 100.0000kHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C.
Press the STEP UP key or STEP DOWN key to shift the frequency one step (determined by
the step frequency setting) in the indicated direction.
Notes: 1. In logarithmic sweep mode, the measurement frequency is automatically shifted to the nearest
frequency that satisfies the equation F X 10%-95% = Em; where F is the start frequency, Fm is
the measurement frequency, and N is an integer that represents the step number,
2. If the spot frequency is higher than the stop frequency or less than the start frequency, error-
cord E-04 will be displayed on DISPLAY C and the measurement will not be performed.
Pressing and holding the STEP UP ( E > key or STEP DOWN ( (3) ) key continuousiy advances swept
frequency measurement.
When X10 STEP key is pressed simultaneously with the STEP UP ( a ) or STEP DOWN ( ) key,
the step frequency is increased by a factor of ten. (This is for linear sweeps only.)
Figure 3-31. Operating Instructions for Swept-Frequency Impedance Measurements {Sheet 2 of 3)
Section 1H
Paragraphs 3-99 to 3-167
Моде! 4192 А
(3) Auto Sweep
a. Press MAN/AUTO key to set to auto sweep mode (indicator lamp comes on).
b. 1 Pressing the START UP ( lo] ) key starts the frequency sweep from the programmed start frequency.
The frequency sweep ends at the stop frequency.
2 Pressing the START DOWN ( ul ) key starts the frequency sweep from the stop frequency. The fre-
quency sweep ends at the start frequency.
Note: 1) Swept test frequency 15 displayed on DISPLAY C.
2) ZY RANGE is automatically set to AUTO when auto sweep is started.
c. To temporarily stop a swept frequency measurement, press the PAUSE key, Start frequency, stop fre-
quency, step frequency, sweep direction, and sweep mode (linear or logarithmic, auto or manual) can be
changed when the PAUSE function is set. To restart the sweep, press the START UP ( ) key or START
DOWN { (©) ) key.
d. AUTO sweep measurement mode is automaticaily released when the swept measurement ends (reaches the
stop frequency or start frequency). To stop the sweep before the measurement is completed, press blue key
and then press the SWEEP ABORT key.
Key Strokes : e
To return to normal spot frequency measurement, press the SWEEP AUTO key (indicator lamp goes off).
Notes: 1) When a swept frequency measurement is made, if the sweep comes to a
frequency band which has lower frequeney resolution than the STEP FREQ.,
this STEP FREQ. automatically changes to the higher resolution frequency,
and the sweep is continued.
2) When the swept frequency crosses 38kHz, an additional 50msec is required
for measurement circuit stabilization.
Figure 3-31. Operating Instructions for Swept-Frequency tmpedance Measurements (Sheet 3 of 3)
3-99. Swept O50 Level Measurements 3-101. Internal DC Bias Supply
3-100. The OSC level can be manually swept in I mVrms
(5mVrms at IOOmVS) steps by pressing the STEP UP
[+] key or STEP DOWN key. In impedance
measurements, the OSC level can be swept while monitor-
ing the actual test signa! voitage across- or the current
through the device under test (DUT) using the TEST
LEVEL MONITOR function (refer to paragraph 3-91).
Therefore, accurate test signal level characteristics of the
DUT can be obtained easily.
3-62
3-102. The 4192A is equipped with an internal, pro-
grammable dc bias supply controllable from 0.00Y to
+35.00V (for impedance measurements only). This
provides step bias voltage control in 10mV increments
over the entire controllable range as well as providing
an accurate voltage setting capability (£0.5% of setting
+5mV} to facilitate up-to-date use in applications re-
quiring precision bias voltage control such as analysis
of material properties and semiconductor testing. The
bias can be programmed and bias parameters memorized,
further enhancing utility of the internal bias supply.
Operating instructions on measurements using the in-
ternal dc bias supply are provided in Figure 3-32.
Mode! 41974 Section IM
Figure 3-32
Notes: 1. Before proceeding with the procedure given below, sei the 4192A's conirols for an impedance measure-
ment. Refer to Figure 3-30,
2. Test frequency can be swept while using the internal dc bias set to desired (spot) voltage.
To apply a stationary (fixed) bias voltage to the sample, set the desired bias voltage using the following procedure:
(1) Press the BLUE key and SPOT BIAS key. Set the desired spot bias voltage (initial setting is OV) with the
DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-29) and press the appropriate ENTER key.
(Example) Spot bias voltage = - 3.5V
SPOT
FHECHELAS
Key strokes : (>) (=) a (3
The spot bias voltage setting, —3.50Y,is displayed on DISPLAY C (Test Parameter Data Display).
Note: The internal dec bias voltage is applied to the sample just after the bias voltage value is set by the front-
panel control keys (requires no trigger signal).
WARNING
WHEN THE INTERNAL DC BIAS VOLTAGE IS APPLIED TO THE SAMPLE, THE"BIAS-ON"INDICATOR
COMES ON. WHILE THE BIAS ON INDICATOR IS ON, REMEMBER THAT THE 4192A IS OUTPUTTING
A DC BIAS VOLTAGE FROM THE UNKNOWN TERMINALS, EVEN IF DISPLAY CIS NOT DISPLAYING
THE BIAS VOLTAGE.
(2) Press the BLUE key and the BIAS OFF key to stop output of the internal dc bias voltage. The BIAS ON
indicator lamp will go off.
BAS
OFF
Key strokes :
WARNING
WHEN A DC BIAS VOLTAGE EXCEEDING +5V IS BEING OUTPUT AND THE BIAS OFF
KEY IS PRESSED, THE BIAS ON INDICATOR LAMP GOES OFF BUT THE OUTPUT
VOLTAGE DOES NOT IMMEDIATELY RETURN TO 0V. IT DECREASES LINEARLY (as
shown graphically below) UNTIL IT REACHES 15VY. THE TRANSITION FROM +5V TO OY
IS INSTANTANEOUS. THE DISCHARGE TIME IS CALCULATED AS FOLLOWS :
E BIA _
al 0e td = Vol = 8) x Ex (5)
Where, td: Discharge Time (s)
Vo: Output Voltage (V)
Cx: DUT's Capacitance (F)
Id: Discharge Current (0.025A constant)
(ex.) Vo = 35V, Cx = ImF
_ 30 x 0.001
td = 0.025 « 1.2 (s)
Figure 3-32. Operating Instructions for Internal DC Bias Supply
3-63
Section IH Model 4192A
Paragraphs 3-103 and 3-104
3-103. Swept Bias Voltage Measurements
3-104. Basic operating instructions for swept-bias voltage
impedance measurements are given in Figure 3-33.
Note: Before proceeding with the procedure given below, set the 41924 °s controls as necessary for an impedance
measurement. Refer to Figure 3-30.
(1) Setting Sweep Parameters
a. Press the BLUE key and START BIAS key. Set the start (lower limit) voltage (initial setting is —35V)
of the desired sweep bias voltage range with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-24) and press the
appropriate ENTER key.
(Example) Start bias voltage = -5V
Key strokes : 7 5) o
The start bias voltage setting, -5.00V, is displayed on DISPLAY C (Tesf Parameter Data Display).
b. Press the BLUE key and STOP BIAS key. Set the stop (upper limit) voltage (initial setting is 35V) of
the desired sweep bias voltage range with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-24) and press the
appropriate ENTER key.
(Example) Stop bias voltage = 8.5V
МНЕ Y
Шо ERECUEAS
Key strokes : B ü (5) J
The stop bias voltage setting, 8.50V, is displayed on DISPLAY C.
Note: The stop bias voltage should be higher than the start bias voltage. If not, error-code E-03 will be
displayed on DISPLAY C when swept measurement is attempted and measurement will be not
performed. |
¢. Press the BLUE key and STEP BIAS key. Set the desired step bias voltage (initial setting is 1 V) with the
DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key.
(Example) Step bias voltage = 0.1V
STEF
FRECHEAS
Key strokes : Г] Г a ©
The step bias voltage setting, 0.10 V, is displayed on DISPLAY C.
Note: The LOG SWEEP cannot be performed for swept bias voltage measurements,
(2) Manual Sweep
In manual sweeps, the sweep begins at the spot bias voltage and the sweep range 1s determined by the start and
stop bias voltages.
a. Set the desired spot bias voltage (initial setting is 0V) with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-24)
and press the appropriate ENTER key.
(Example) Spot bias voltage = IV
MHz Y
Key strokes : mn
The spot bias voltage, 1.00V, is displayed on DISPLAY C.
Figure 3-33. Operating Instructions for Swept-Bias Voltage Impedance Measurements (Sheet 7 of 2)
3-64
Model 4192A
Section 1H
Paragraphs 3-105 to 3-108
blas voltage measurement.
(3) Auto Sweep
DOWN ( [©] ) key.
SWEER
ASCAT
Key strokes : =)
b. Press the STEP UF key or STEP DOWN (9 key to shift the bias voltage one step (determined by
the step bias voltage setting) in the indicated direction.
Note: If the spot bias voltage is higher than the stop bias voltage or less than the start bias voltage, error-
code E-04 will be displayed on DISPLAY C and the measurement will not be performed.
¢. Pressing and holding the STEP UP ( ) key or STEP DOWN ( (9) ) key continuousiy advances swept
d. When X10 STEP key is pressed simultaneously with the STEP UP ( 3 ) or STEP DOWN ( ) key, the
step bias voltage is increased by a factor of ten. (This is for linear sweeps only.)
a. Press MAN/AUTO key to set to auto sweep mode (indicator lamp comes on).
b. (D Pressing the START UP ( [©] ) key starts the bias voltage sweep from the programmed start bias volt-
age. The bias voltage sweep ends at the stop bias voltage.
(2) Pressing the START DOWN ( 2 ) key starts the bias voltage sweep from the stop bias voitage. The
bias voltage sweep ends at the start bias voltage.
Note: Swept bias voltage is displayed on DISPLAY C.
c. To temporarily stop a swept bias voltage measurement, press the PAUSE key. Start bias voltage, stop bias
voltage, step bias voltage, sweep direction, and sweep mode (linear or logarithmic, auto or manual) can be
changed when the PAUSE function is set. To restart the sweep, press the START UP ( y key or START
d. AUTO sweep measurement mode is automatically released when the swept measurement ends (reaches the
stop bias voltage or start bias voltage). To stop the sweep before the measurement is completed, press
BLUE key and then press the SWEEP ABORT key.
To return to normal spot bias voltage measurement, press the SWEEP AUTO key (indicator lamp goes off).
Figure 3-33. Operating Instructions for Swept-Bias Voltage Impedance Measurements (Sheet 2 of 2)
3-105. Measurement of Grounded Devices
3-106. The unique measuring circuitry of the 4192A
provides direct, accurate impedance measurements of not
only floated and but also grounded devices. Such meas-
urement conditions are, for example, the distributed
capacitance measurement of a coaxial cable with a
grounded shield conductor or the input/output imped-
ance measurement of a single ended amplifier. Low
grounded measurement accuracy is unspecified, but
typical measurement accuracy is provided in Table 1-21.
3-107. External DC Bias
3-108. The special biasing circuits and procedures for
using external voltage or current bias, as needed for
capacitance or inductance measurements, are provided in
Figure 3-34. The figure shows sample circuits appropriate
for 4192A applications. The biasing circuits prevent dc
current from flowing into the 4192A, as dc current in-
creases the measurement error and because the excess
current may damage instrument. When applying a de
voltage to capacitors, be sure the applied voltage does not
exceed the maximum specified voltage of the capacitor
and that the capacitor is connected with correct polarity.
3-65
Section HI Моде! 4192 А
Figure 3-34
a. Press the LINE ON/OFF key fo turn the 4192A off.
b. Connect the external do bias source to the 4192A as shown in the figure below:
Lc LP
| | | where (x : Sample capacitor
J - Ex External dc bias volate (< 200 V)
Cy: Blocking capacitor
Capacitance Value :
С, 2 To - 5: measuring frequency (Hz))
DC Withstand Voltage : > Ex.
C, - Blocking capacitor
Capacitance Value lu
Figure A. DC Withstand Voltage : > Ex.
Le Es
не
СК, , CR, : HP Part No. : 1902—0176
Diode-Zener, 47V5%, 1W
CR3, СК, : ВР Раг Мо. ; 1902—1299
Diode-Zener, 33V5%, 1W
CRs, CRe : HP Part No. : 1901-0646
Diode-Zener, 3.3V5%, IW
w Ex {S200V)
Figure B. Low-grounded Measurement
Cautions: 1. Never apply an external dc bias voltage of over 200 Y and never connect the Hpor terminal
to the сок or Lpor terminal. To do so may damage instrument. Make sure that the
sample capacitor № not defective,
2. When a positive bias voltage is used, positive poles of electrolytic capacitors (Cx, C, and С. }
must be connected to the positive (+) terminal of the external dc bias source as shown in the
figures above. A negative bias voltage can alse be applied. In this arrangement, the negative
poles of Cx, Cy, and С, must be connected to the negative (-) terminal of the external de
bias source,
Note: Ripple or noise on external dc bias source should be as low as possible.
c. Set the 4192A's controls as necessary for an impedance measurement. Refer to Figure 3-30, but following
settings should be made.
DISPLAY A Function ................... aaa C
BIAS LL LL aaamooo OFF
CIRCUITMODE ........ iii, oft to
d. Apply desired dc bias voltage to the sample capacitor with the external dc bias source.
e. Read the capacitance value — on DISPLAY A — after allowing time for bias voltage to settle.
Figure 3-34, External DC Voltage Supply (Sheet 1 of 2}
3-66
Model 4192A section II
Figure 3-34
(2) External DC Bias Current
a. Press the LINE ON/OFF key to turn the 41924 off,
b. Connect the external dc bias source to the 4192A as shown in the figure below:
where Lx : Sample inductor
— La ; ( 50-250) X Lx
7 Lz: = La
Ex - External de bias voltage (<. 10 Y)
ix : External de bias current
Current Value:
Ix = X
La Output Resistance of Ex + ESR of L; + ESR of L,
| С, : Blocking capacitor
Ext<ióv) 1 .
Capacitance Value :
Ci сту (f : measuring frequency (Hz))
Figure ©. Floating Measurement т
DC Withstand Voltage © > Ex.
Co : Blocking capacitor
Capacitance Value luar
DC Withstand Voltage : > Ex.
CR1, CR2 : HP Part No. : 1902-0202
Diode-Zener, 15Y5%, 1W
> CRs, CRs : HP Part No. : 1902—0176
Diode-Zener, 47Y5%, 1W
A crs cal CRs, CRs : HP Part No. : 1901-0646
| La ore CR Diode-Power, 200V, 1A
I Loe CRy, CRs : HP Part No. : 1902-1299
cion) Diode Zener, 3.3VH%, 1W
CRs , CRi 6 :HP Part No. : 1901-0646
Diode-Power, 200V, 1A
Figure D. Low-grounded Measurement
CAUTION
NEVER apply an external dc bias current of over 1A and NEVER remove the DUT when a de current
of over 25mA is flowing. To do so may damage the instrument,
Set the 4192A's controls as necessary for an impedance measurement. Refer to Figure 3-30, but following
settings should be made.
DISPLAY A Function «oo vv vir eee ee ete ee eee ean L
BIAS 111010111111 LL LL A A aaara rie nererderdereceo OFF
d. Apply desired dc bias current to the sample inductor with external dc bias source.
e. Read the inductance value — on DISPLAY A — after allowing time for bias voltage to settle.
Figure 3-34, External DC Voltage Supply (Sheet 2 of 2)
3-07
Section HI
Paragraphs 3-109 to 3-119
3-108. HP-1B INTERFACE
3-110. The 4192A can be remotely controlled via the
HP-IB, a carefully defined instrument interface which
simplifies integration of instruments and a calculator or
computer into a system.
Note: HP-IB is Hewlett-Packard's implementation of
IEEE Std. 488, Standard Digital Interface for
Programmable Instrumentation.
3-111. Connection to HP-IB
3-112. The 4192A can be connected into an HP-IB bus
configuration with or without a controller (i.e., with or
without an HP calculator). In an HP-IB system without
a controller, the instrument functions as a “talk only” de-
vice (refer to paragraph 3-117.)
3-113. HP-IB Status Indicators
3-114. The HP-IB Status Indicators are four LED lamps
located on the front panel. When lit, these lamps show
the existing status of the 4192A in the HP-IB system as
follows:
SRO: SRQ signal from the 4192A to the con-
troller is on the HP-IB line. Refer to para-
graph 3-127.
LISTEN: The 4192A is set to listerier.
TALK: The 4192A is set to talker.
REMOTE: The 4192A is remotely controlled.
3-115. LOCAL Key
3-116. The LOCAL key releases the 4192A from HP-IB
remote control and allows measurement conditions to be
set from the front-panel. The REMOTE lamp will go off
when this key is pressed. LOCAL control is not available
when the 4192A is set to “local lockout” status by the
controller.
3-117. HP-IB Control! Switch
3-118. The HP-IB Control Switch, located on the rear
panel, has seven bit switches as shown in Figure 3-35.
Each bit switch has two settings: logical O (down posi-
tion) and logical 1 (up position).
The left-most bit switch, bit 7, determines whether the
instrument will be addressed by the controller in a multi-
device system, or will function as a “talk only” device to
output measurement data and/or instructions to an
external “listener” e.g, printer, When bit switch
3-68
Model 4192A
7 is set to O, the instrument is in ADDRESSABLE mode
and bit switches ! through 5 determine the instrument
address; when this bit switch is set to 1, the instrument is
in TALK ONLY mode.
Bit switch 6 determines the output data delimiter. When
this bit switch is set to 0, the delimiter is a comma ():
when set to 1, the delimiter is a carriage return and line
feed (CR/LF). Refer to Figure 3-36 for the function of
each delimiter.
Bit switches 1 through 5 are used to set the HP-IB address,
in binary, of the 4192A when bit switch 7 is set to
ADDRESSABLE.
Note: The HP-IB Control Switch, as set at the factory,
is shown in Figure 3-35,
When the 4192A is turned on, the HP-IB address
is displayed, in decimal, on DISPLAY A. For ex-
ample, the factory-set address is displayed as “H-
17”
pr TALK ONLY
Ar / EF
do e
COMMA
ADDRESSABLE
Bits 1 ~5: 17
Bit 8: Format A {comma)
Bit 7: Addressable
Figure 3-35, HP-IB Controi Switch
Model 4192A
3-119, HP-1B Interface Capabilities
3-120. The 4192A has eight HP-IB interface functions, as
tisted in Table 3-22.
3-121. Remote Program Code
3-122. Remote program codes for the 4192A are listed
in Table 3-23.
Section Hi
Paragraphs 3-119 to 3-122
Table 3-22. HP-1B interface Capabilities
Code Interface Function”
(HP-IB Capabilities) .
SH1** Source Handshake
АН! Acceptor Handshake
TS Talker (basic talker, serial poli, talk only
mode, unaddress to talk if addressed to
Hsten)
14 Listener (basic listener, unaddress to
listen if addressed to taik)
SRI Service Request
RL! Remote/local (with local lockout)
DCI Device Clear
DT1 Device Trigger
* Interface functions provide the means for a de-
vice to receive, process, and transmit messages
over the bus.
¥* The suffix number of the interface code in-
dicates the limitation of the function capability
as defined in Appendix C of IEEE Std. 488.
Table 3-23, Remote Program Code {Sheet 1 of 3)
Item Control Program Code Description
Deviation Meas- OFF АМ"!
urement for A AD
DISPLAY A A% AP
Deviation Meas- OFF BN”!
urement for A BD
DISPLAY B A% BP
DISPLAY A 7 / У ALT Combinations of A and B are listed in the
Function R/G A? table below:
L A3 5
C Ad A i 2 3
В-А an AS 1 | 1ZI/[Y!-e (dep! Zi/IY] —8 (rad)
A(dBm/dBV) A6 j
B (dBm/dBV) A7 2 R/G — X/B
3 L-Q L—D L — R/G
DISPLAY B 9 (deg) B1*! 4 C-0 CD са
Function 6 (rad) B2 BA (dB)
X/B Bi — B3 5 > GROUP B — À (dB) B — À (dB)
Q Bi DELAY — 8 {deg) — 8 Cad)
D B? 6 A{dBm/dBV) *
R/G B3 +
GROUPDELAY | В! ’ ina
0 (deg) B2 * Program code for DISPLAY BIS
6 (rad) B3 not necessary.
3-69
Section 11 Model 4192A
Table 3-21
Table 3-23. Remote Program Code (Sheet 2 of 3)
Нет Control Program Code Description
Recall Parameter | SPOT FREQ. FRR"
STEP FREQ. SFR
START FREQ. TFR
STOP FREQ. PFR
SPOT BIAS BIR
STEP BIAS SBR
START BIAS TBR
STOP BIAS PBR
OSC LEVEL OLR
REF A RAR
REF B RER
TEST LEVEL \ TV
MONITOR”? mA TA
Key Status Save SAVE O ЗАО
(Метогу) SAVE 1 SAL
SAVE 2 SA?
SAVE 3 ЗАЗ
SAVE 4 SA4
Saved Key RCL. O RCO
Status Recall RCI. 1 RCÍ
RCL 2 КС2
RCL 3 RC3
RCI, 4 RCA
DC BIAS”? OFF 10°!
ZERO OPEN” OFF 2.00“!
ON Zo!
ZERO SHORT”? OFF 750°!
ON 751
AVERAGE OFF vo
ON VI
HIGH SPEED OFF Ho”!
ON Н!
SELF TEST ON Si
X-Y RECORDER OFF хо“! “LL” and “UR” cannot be used when
ON XI the X-Y Recorder function is set to ON
Lower Left LL (X1).
Upper Right UR
3-70
Model 41974
Section HÍ
Table 3-25
Table 3-23, Remote Program Code (Sheet 3 of 3)
Нет Contre! Program Code Description
STORE DISPLAY ,
A/B SD
LOG SWEEP OFF со“!
ON Gi
SWEEP ABORT AB
SWEEP MANUAL wo
AUTO W1
MANUAL SWEEP STEP UP W2 W2 and W4 act ag STEP UP and STEP
STEP DOWN Wd DOWN when the SWEEP mode 18 set to
MANUAL (WO).
AUTO SWEEP START UP W2 W2 and W4 act as START UP and
PAUSE W3 START DOWN when the SWEEP mode is
START DOWN Wá set to AUTO (Wi),
CIRCUIT AUTO cy
MODE™2 Series C2
Parallel C3
GAIN MODE dBm NI] These programming codes cannot be used
dBV №2 when DISPLAY A function is set to Al,
A2, A3, or A4.
ZY RANGE”? 152/108 RI Remote programming code RI cannot
1082/15 R2 be used with some SPOT FREQ/OSC
100 2/100т$ R3 LEVEL settings.
1k&/10mS R4
10k©2/1mS RS
100k&2/100uS Кб
IMQ/ 1045 RT.
AUTO RE
TRIGGER INT TI These code only set the TRIGGER mode;
EXT T2 they do not trigger the instrument.
HOLD/MANUAL T3
Data Ready OFF po“! If Data Ready is set fo ON, an SRQ signal
ON Di is output when the measurement 1s com-
pleted.
Output Data Displays A/B po”! Refer to paragraph 3-125 and Figure 3-36.
Format Displays A/B/C Fl
Execute EX This code is used to trigger the instru-
ment.
*1{ - Default code.
*3 : These programming codes cannot be used when DISPLAY À function is set to A5, A6, or A7.
3-71
Section II!
Paragraphs 3-123 to 3-126
3-123. Parameter Setting
© 3-124. The 4192A can be set to eleven parameters (refer
to Table 3-24) by remote programining as follows:
(1) (2) (3)
(1) Program code for parameter setting (refer to
Table 3-24).
(2) Setting value (numeric or space). 8 digits, lesser
digits are ignored.
(3) Enter. Unit is kHz for SPOT FREQ, START
FREQ, STEP FREQ, and STOP FREQ; V for
SPOT BIAS, STEP BIAS, STOP BIAS, and OSC
LEVEL. (REF A, REF B).
Моде! 4102 А
3-128. Data Output
3-126. The 4192A outputs measurement and status data
to external devices in bit parallel, byte serial format via
the eight DIO signal lines of the HP-IB. These data in-
clude status data, key status (function) data. deviation
measurement mode data, and measurement data (includ-
ing range) for DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B. When pro-
gram code “FI” is used, DISPLAY € data (unit and
value) are output with DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B
data. The output format is shown in Figure 3-36. All
characters are coded in accordance with ASCH coding
conventions. To output DISPLAY A/B/C data
without an HP-IB controller, internal Control
Switeh (A6S2 bit 4) must be set to 1. Refer to
paragraph 3-139 and Table 3-28.
Table 3-24. Program Codes for Parameter Setting
Parameters Program Code Setting Value
SPOT FREQ FR Setting Range: 0.005000kHz ~ 13000.000kHz,
Resolution: 0.000001 kHz (0.005000 kHz ~ 9.999999 kHz),
START FREQ TF 0.00001 kHz (10.00000kHz ~ 99.99999 kHz),
0.0001 kHz (100.0000kHz ~ 999.9999 kHz),
STOP FREQ PF 0.001 kHz (1000.000kHz ~ 13000.000kHz).
STEP FREQ SF Setting Range: 0.000001 kHz — 13000.000 kHz.
Resolution: 0.600001 kHz (0.000001 kHz - 9,999999 kHz),
0.00001 kHz (10.00000kHz ~ 99.99999 kHz),
0.0001 kHz (100.0000kHz ~ 999.9999 kHz),
0.001 kHz (1000.000kHz - 13000.000kHz).
SPOT BIAS BI Setting Range: -35.00V ~+35.00V
Resolution: 0.01V
START BIAS TB
STOP BIAS PB
STEP BIAS SB Setting Range: 0.01V — 35.00 У
Resolution: 0.01V
OSC LEVEL OL Setting Range: 0.005V ~ 1.100V
Resolution: 0.001 V (0.005 V — 0.100V),
0.005 V (0.100 V — 1.160 V),
REF À RA Setting Range: - 19999 —+19999,
REF B RB Resolution: The position of the decimal point depends on the
value displayed on the corresponding display. For
example, if the value displayed on DISPLAY A
is 1.9999, any value between 0.0001 and 1.9999
can be entered as the REF A (RA) value.
3-72
Моде: 4192 А
Section HI
Figure 3-36
O
o)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
Notes: 1,
DISPLAY A/B (Default mode or set using HP-IB remote program code “F0”)
XXXXENNN.NNELENNXXXXENNNNNEENN BMD
(1) 2) (3) (4) (5y (6)7) 6) O) (19) (il) (12)
DISPLAY A/B/C (Set using HP-IB remote program code “F 17)
XXXX{NNN.NNEÆNN,XXXX{NNN.NNE{NN,X{NNNNN,NNN CR GP
(1) (2) 3) (4) (5) (6) (8) ©) (10) (11) 665) (14) (2)
Status of DISPLAY A
Function of DISPLAY A
Deviation measurement mode of DISPLAY A
Value of DISPLAY A {position of decimal point is coincident with display)
Unit of DISPLAY A
Comma {data delimiter)
Status of DISPLAY B
Function of DISPLAY B
Deviation measurement mode of DISPLAY B
Value of DISPLAY B (position of decimal point is coincident with display)
Unit of DISPLAY B
Data Terminator
Unit of DISPLAY C (Test Parameter Data Display)
Value of DISPLAY C
The data delimiter, bit switch 6 on the HP-IB Control Switch (Figure 3-30), is set at the
factory to comma (,). This causes the 4192A to output all data (DISPLAY A data, DISPLAY B
data, and, if program code F1 is used, DISPLAY C data) as a continuous string, When the data
delimiter is set to CR/LF, a carriage return and line feed signal is output after each field. This
is useful when outputting data to certain peripherals, such as a printer.
2. Status, function, and deviation measurement mode data of DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B, and
the units of DISPLAY Care output as one or two alphabetic characters, as listed in Table 3-25.
3. Ranges of DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B are expressed as an exponent as follows:
107 (y oo E-12
107% (п) ...........но вии, E- 09
1076 GD aaa E-06
1073 (т) ......1111 141 4 1 E-03
109 LL LL LL aa a Ve E+00
10% (K) 11111 LL E+03
10° (MY a. E+06
Figure 3-36, Data Output Format for the 4192A
3-73
Section HI Model 4192A
Paragraphs 3-127 and 3-128 |
Table 3-25. Data Output Codes 3.127. Service Request Status Byte
Нет Information Code | 3.128. The 4192A outputs an ROS (Request Service)
signal whenever bit 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 of Service Request
Data Status of DISPLAY Normal N [| Status Byte is set. The make-up of the Status Byte is
A/B Overflow O | shown in Figure 3-37.
Uncalibration U
Function of DISPLAY A L | ZF
Y Yi
R КЕ
G GF
L( emo) LS
БС) ГР
С ( смо ) CS
CC eL) CP
B — À (dB) BA
A (dBV) AV
B (dBV) BV
A (dBm) AM
B (dBm) BM
Deviation Measurement Normal Measurement N
Mode of DISPLAY Deviation Measurment D
P
A/B Deviation Measurement
in Percent
Function of DISPLAY B & (deg) TD
9 (rad) TR
X XI
B ВЕ
Q OR
D DE
R RF
G Gr
GROUP DELAY GD
Unmeasure UM
Unit of DISPLAY C kHz К
\ V
mA M
Reference Data R
3-74
Model 419724
section IT
Paragraphs 3-129 and 3-130
Bit e 7 6
Information G 0/1 0/1
a
3
0/1
4
3
2 i
0/1
0/1
0/1 0/1
Bit 7 (ROS) indicates whether or not a service request exists.
Bit & is always zero (0). Bits 1 thru 4 and
6 identify the type of service request. Following are the service request states of the 4192A.
Bit |: (1) If Data Ready 15 set to ON, this bit is set when measurement data is provided.
(2) If Self Test is set to ON, this bit is set when the instrument passes the Self Test.
Bit 2: This bit is set when the 4192A receives an erroneous remote program code.
Bit 3: This bit is set when the 4192A receives an illegal front-panel control setting via the program.
Bit 4: This bit is set when the 4192A receives a trigger signal before the last measurement is com-
pieted.
Bit 6: (1) This bit is sel when the 4192A has a hardware error.
(2) If Self Test is set to ON, this bit is set when the instrument fails the Self Test.
Bit S is independent of bit 7 (RQS signal). This bit is set when auto sweep measurement, self test,
or zero offset adjustment is being performed and is reset when the next trigger comes.
Figure 3-37, Status Byte for the 4192A
3-129. Programming Guide for 41924
3-130. Sample programs for HP Model 9825A/9835A
Desktop Computers are provided in Figures 3-38 and
3-39, These programs are listed in Table 3-20.
Notes:
1. Specific information for HP-IB programming with the
98254 or 983554 are provided in the 98254 or 98354
programming manual
2. Equipment required for these sample programs in-
cludes:
4192A LF Impedance Analyzer
980344 HP-IB Interface Card
98254 Desktop Computer with 982104 String-
Advanced Programming ROM 982134
General 1/0 + Extended 1/0 ROM,
OF
9835A Desktop Computer with 983324 General
ГО ROM
Table 3-26, Sample Program using 98254/98354
Sample o
Program Figure Description
1 3-38 Remote control and data output in
spot measurement.
Remote control and data output in
2 3-39 Р
auto sweep measurement.
3-75
Section IH
Figure 3-38
Model 4192A
Sample Program 1
Description:
This program is a remote control, data output program for spot measurements.
The program has three capabilities:
(1) Control of the 4192A via HP-IB
(2) Trigger of the 4192A via HP-IB
(3) Data output from the 4192A in spot measurement via HP-IB
9825A Program
0: fit4
1: wrt717, AIBITS FI"
(1) 2) (3)
2: wrt717, “FRIOEN”
@ ©
3: wrt717, “EX”
{6} ‘
: red717, À, B,C
: dspA, B,C
: prtÀ, B,C
: end
— DN Ah
(1) Select Code of 98034A.
(2) Address of 4192A.
9835A Program
10 FLOAT4
20 OUTPUT717;“A1BIT3 F1”
30 OUTPUT717; “FRIOEN”
@ 6
40 OUTPUT717; “EX”
©
50 ENTER717;A, B,C
60 DISP A,B,C
70 PRINT A, B,C
80 END
(3) Program codes of the 4192A (refer to Table 3-23).
(4) Program codes for parameter setting of the 4192A (refer to Tabie 3-24),
(5) Parameter terminator of the 4192A (refer to paragraph 3-123).
(6) This is equivalent to
9825A: tre717
9835A: TRIGGER717
By using string variables, complete output information from the 4192A is stored by the following programs:
9825 A Program:
0: elr 717
1: dimASiso0
2: wrt717, “AIBIT3 Fi”
3: wrt717, “FRIOEËEN”
A: wrt717, “EX”
5: red717, AS
O: dspAS
7: prtAS
8: end
9835A Program:
5 CLEAR 717
10 DIMAS[50]
20 OQUTPUT7/17, AIBIT3 Fi”
30 OUIPUT717; “FRIOEN”
40 OUTPUT 717, “EX”
50 ENTER717; AS
60 DISP AS
70 PRINT AS
80 END
3-76
Figure 3-38.
Sample Program 1 Using 9825A/8835A
Model 4192A Section IH
Figure 3-39
Sample Program 2
Description:
This program is a remote control, data output program for auto sweep measurements,
The program has three capabilities:
(1) Control of auto sweep measurement of the 4192A via HP-IB
(2) Auto sweep of the 4192A via HP-IB
(3) Data output from the 4192A vía HP-IB
9825A Program: 9835A Program:
0: dimAS [100,501 10 DIMAS (100} [50]
Ш 0 0)
1: wrt717, “AIBIT3 FT" 20 OUTPUT717;, “AIBIT3 FI”
2: wrt717, “SFIENTFTENPFIOOEN” 30 OUTPUT717; “SFIENTFIENPFIOOFN”
3: wrt717, “WI W2” 40 OQUIPUT717, “WIW2>
4: 0 —>1 | 50 1=0
$: [+1—1 60 I=I+]
6: wrt717, “EX” 70 OUTPUT 717; “EX”
73 rds (717) — À 80 STATUS717;A
(2) (2)
8: ifbit (4, A) FI ; gto12 90 IFBIT(A,4)71 THENI30
(3) (3)
9: red 717, ASH 100 ENTER717; AS(D
10: dsp ASI] 110 DISPAS (I)
11: gto5 120 GOTO60
12: end 130 END
(1) Dimensions a string variable array that has more elements than the number of measurement points.
(2) Inputs 4192A SRQ Status Byte to variable A.
(3) When AUTO SWEEP is being performed, bit 4 of variable A (bit 5 of the SRQ Status Byte).is set to
“1” (refer to Figure 3-37).
Note: If the 98354 program is used with high speed controller,
wait command should be put between lines 70 and 80.
Figure 3-39. Sampie Program 2 Using 98254/9835A
3-77
Section IH
Paragraphs 3-131 to 3-136
3131. X-Y RECORDER OUTPUT
3-132. The 4192A is equipped with three analog RE-
CORDER OUTPUT connectors on the rear-panel. These
connectors output accurate voltages for recording
measured sample values as functions of frequency or
bias. A PEN LIFT connector is also provided on the rear
panel to control the X-Y recorder’s pen. The procedures
for using the 4192A°s X-Y recorder capability are given
in Figure 3-40.
3-133. Analog Outputs
3-134. The analog output voltage of DISPLAY A, DIS-
PLAY B, and FREQ/BIAS are provided in the following
manner. The output accuracy is +0.5% of output voltage
+20mY,
(1) DISPLAY A connector
Qutputs voltage proportional to the value dis-
played on DISPLAY A. Normalized value is IV
(depends on function as follows):
(1) Z,Y, Rand G : (Full Scale Value of Display
Range) X 1.3
(2) Land C: (Full Scale Value of Display Range)
X 2.0
(3) B— A, À and B : 100dB
(a) AF: 100%
(5) À : Full Scale Value of Setting Function
Range
(2) DISPLAY B connector -
Outputs voltage proportional to the value dis-
played on DISPLAY B. Normalized value is 1V
(depends of function as follows):
(1) 8 (des) : 180%
(2) 8 (rad); п
(3) X and B : (Full Scale Value of Display Range)
X 1.3
D, ©, R, G and GROUP DELAY : (Full
Scale Value of Display Range) X 2.0
(5) A%: 100%
(6) A: Full Scale Value of Setting Function
Range
3-78
Model 41924
Note: When OFI, OF?, UCL, or — — — is
displayed on DISPLAY A or DISPLAY E,
IV is output from the corresponding
RECORDER OUTPUT connector on
the rear-panel
(3) FREQ/BIAS connector
Outputs voltage proportional to the test frequen-
cy or internal dc bias voltage and normalized
by following equations (1 Vmax}:
© Bias Voltage:
SPOT BIAS START BIAS
STOP BIAS -- START BIAS
(2) Measuring Frequency (Linear Sweep):
SPOT FREQ — START FREQ
STOP FREQ — START FREQ
(3) Measuring Frequency (Logarithmic Sweep):
log (SPOT FREQ — 10" — 1)
log (10% — 109 — 1)
where 10M-1 <STARTFREOQ< 10",
font < STOP FREQ < 10",
Notes:
1. When the parameter displayed on the Test
Parameter Data Display is not the measuring
frequency or internal de bias voltage, the
output voltage from the FREQ/BIAS con-
nector does not change,
2. Figure 3-41 shows the plot areas for all
parameter settings of DISPLAY A, DIS-
PLAY B and FREQ/BIAS connectors.
3-135. Control Capabilities for Analog Output
3-136. The X-Y RECORDER OUTPUTS function of the
4192A provides the following control capabilities to plot '
the characteristics curve of the sample easily, quickly
and clearly.
(1) Control of Pen Position on the X-Y Recorder
Zero adjustment and sensitivity adjustment of the
X-Y recorder can be performed using the follow-
ing control keys on the front-panel of the 4192A.
le LL: DISPLAY A, DISPLAY B and
FREQ/BIAS connectors output OV.
UR % : DISPLAY A, DISPLAY B and
FREO/BIAS connectors output 1Y.
Model 4102 A Section HI
(2)
Figure 3-40
Notes: (3) Interpolation
1 The X-Y RECORDER ON/OFF key should The X-Y recorder function of the 4192A pro-
be set to OFF {indicator lamp off) when vides automatic interpolation of ali three RE-
the X-Y recorder zero adjustment or sensifi- CORDER QUTPUTS to ensure distortion free,
vity adjustment is performed. In this case, Le accurate plots on the X-Y recorder. Maximum
LL is set automatically. | interpolation time, the time required for the three
2. Figure 3-41 shows the positions of +. LL and RECORDER OUTPUTS to go from OV (L LL)
UR $ in the plot areas for all parameter to IV (UR 71), is approximately 30 seconds.
settings of DISPLAY A, DISPLAY B, and |
FREQ/BIAS connectors. Note: Interpolation is performed for all three
RECORDER QUTPUTS, even though only
Control Signals for X-Y Recorder Pen Lift TTL two are connected to the X-Y recorder.
Controis Actual interpolation time is determined by
When the X-Y recorder is equipped with pen lift the largest change among the three outputs.
TTL controls, pen lift can be done automatical- Consequently, if the unconnected RE-
ly by the TTL level output from the PEN lift CORDER OUTPUT has the largest change,
connector on the 4192A's rear-panel. When the interpolation time is determined by this
pen lift signal is LOW (TTL), the X-Y recorder RECORDER OUTPUT, not the other two,
pen is down. When the pen lift signal is HIGH whose change may be very small.
(TTL), the X-Y recorder pen is up.
Note: When the SWEEP ABORT, {.. LL or UR
74 key is pressed, the X-Y recorder pen is
up.
EQUIPMENT:
X-Y Recorder ........ 2000800000 rire dore cdierorne 6 HP7046A
BNC (Male) — Dual Banana Plug Cable ...................... НР1Е1001 А (3 ca.)
PROCEDURE:
(1) Turn the 4192A and X-Y recorder off.
(2) Connect the X-axis connector and Y-axis connector (Y1-axis and Y2-axis for two-pen X-Y recorders) of the
X-Y recorder to the appropriate RECORDER OUTPUT connectors on the 4192A rear-panel with the BNC
(Male) — Dual Banana Plug Cable. Refer to Table 3-27 for cabling method of the RECORDER OUTPUTS.
(3) When X-Y recorder is provided with pen lft TTL controls, connect PEN LIFT connector on the 4192A rear
panel to the X-Y recorder connector.
(4) Set the 4192A's controls for the desired swept measurement in accordance with the procedures given in the
(5)
(6)
following figures:
e Figure 3-11. Operating Instructions for Swept-frequency Amplitude-phase Measurements
e Figure 3-31. Operating Instructions for Swept-frequency Impedance Measurement
e Figure 3-33. Operating Instructions for Swept-bias Voltage Impedance Measurement
Turn the 4192A and X-Y recorder on.
Place recording paper on X-Y recorder platen and set the paper hold down function (if provided).
Figure 3-40. X-Y Recorder Output (Sheet 1 of 2)
3-79
Section IH Model 4192A
Figure 3-40
(7) Confirm that the 4192A X-Y RECORDER OUTPUT function is set to off (X-Y
RECORDER ON/OFY indicator on the front-panel should be off). If it is set to on
(indicator lamp on), turn it off by pressing the BLUE key and X-Y RECORDER ON/OFF
key.
(8) Select the appropriate plot area for parameters to be recorded from illustrations in Figure
3-41 (refer to Table 3-27).
(9) Press the BLUE key and the = LL key on the front-Panel of the 4192A.
(10) Adjust X-Y recorder zero adjustment controls for X and Y channels so that the recorder
pen is positioned just above the chart paper coordinates denoted by the black spot { } in
the illustration.
(11) Press the BLUE key and the UR key on the front-panel of the 4192A.
(12) Adjust the X-Y recorder controls for the X and Y channels so the the recorder pen is
positioned just above the chart paper coordinates denoted by cirele (A) in the illustration.
Note: AX-Y recorder zero adjustment and sensitivity adjustment may be interactive. So,
repeat steps (9) (12) to satisfy both adjustments.
(13) Perform an auto sweep measurement with the X-Y RECORDER OUTPUT function off.
Note the frequency (or bias voltage) at which the measured value displayed on DISPLAY
A is highest.
Note: Step (13) is not necessary when making a manual sweep.
(14) Set the SPOT FREQ (or SPOT BIAS) to the value noted in step (13). (For manual sweep,
set the SPOT value to the START value.)
Note: Steps (13) and (14) insure that the DISPLAY A X-Y RECORDER OUTPUT is
correctly scaled for the highest DISPLAY A range that will be used during the
auto sweep measurement. When the AUTO SWEEP START key is pressed,
DISPLAY A ranging (Z-Y RANGE) is automatically set to AUTO mode, even if
MANUAL mode is selected before pressing the AUTO SWEEP START key. The
DISPLAY A range will change in accordance with the measured values. Scaling
of the DISPLAY A X-Y RECORDER OUTPUT, however, will not change when
the DISPLAY A range changes. It is automatically set to the DISPLAY A range
in effect when the AUTO SWEEP function is turned on. If steps (13) and (14) are
not performed, it may be impossible obtain an accurate plot of the measured
values.
(15) Press the BLUE key and the X-Y RECORDER ON/OFF key to set the X-Y RECORDER
OUTPUT function to on (the indicator lamp will come on).
(16) Press the AUTO SWEEP key. If the recorder is equipped with remote pen-lift control, go
to step (17). If not, set the SPOT FREQ (BIAS) to the sweep START FREQ (BIAS) and
then maunally lower the pen onto the paper.
(17) Perform the swept measurement in accordance with the procedure given in the figure
selected in step (4).
(18) When the sweep is completed and the X-Y recorder stops, manually lift the pen from the
paper. If the recorder is equipped with remote pen-lift control, the pen is raised
automatically when the sweep is completed {or when the X-Y RECORDER OUTPUT
function is turned off after a manual sweep).
(19) To repeat the measurement, repeat steps (14) through (18).
Figure 3-40. X.Y Recorder Output (Sheet 2 of 2)
3-80
Model 4192 А
Table 3-27. Connections of Recorder Output
Section III
Table 3-27
RECORDER OUTPUTS
FREQ/BIAS DISPLAY B DISPLAY A Plot Area”:
LE 1Z1/ 1Y 1/R/G (+)
o L/C 2
8 (deg) — 3
Measurement Frequency/ 0 (rad) A — (5)
Bias Voltage X/B I J (5)
Q/D — ©
R/G ©
X/B R/G (5)
| | B-A(9B) (7)
| А/в(@Вт)
A/B (dBV) (9)
Measurement Frequency 9 (des) ee ©
0 (rad) e
GROUPDELAY | — (2)
A
TT A (17)
e go O A
A ©
* - These numbers match the numbers of the illustrations in Figure 3-41.
3-81
Section HI
Figure 3-41
Model 4192A
<3
en
Fe
Cr
>
>
™
0 &
START STOP
FREQ/BIAS
O
—
EL
o а
a
SS
— €
—t LX
с
в "Ч
Û &
START STOP
FREQ/BIAS
180 ©
>
+
— 08
I
- 180
START STOP
FREG/BIAS
Note: FS : Full Scale Value of the Range
e : L LL
o :UR "4
Л 43
=
= 06
<
= 7
START STOP
FREQ/BIAS
FSx1.3 ©
& 068
>
~FSx1.3
START STOP
FREQ/BIAS
FSx1.3 {J
CO
= 0
-FSx1.3
0 FSx1.3
R/G
3-82
Figure 3-41. Plot Areas of RECORDER QUTPUTS (sheet 1 of 2)
Section IH
Model 4192A | Figure 3-41
100 0 100 rm == o
| |
= | |
S| | |
;
T° | |
| |
| |
— | |
> 0.81 |
= | |
-100 = à
START | STOP =
FREQ
100 г-н ©
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|
| |
| | -100
| | START STOP
— | | FREQ
fr
a 0
кс.
408
87 -FS
START STOP
O0 1
START STOP FREQ/BIAS
FREQ
(1) 100 =)
=
à 04
-100
START STOP
FREQ/BIAS
Figure 3-41. Plot Areas of RECORDER OUTPUTS (sheet 2 of 2)
3-83
Paragraphs 3-137 and 3-138
3-137. EXTERNAL SYNTHESIZER
3-138. The 4192A can be connected to an external fre-
quency synthesizer via the EXT VCO connector on the
rear-panel instead of built-in frequency synthesizer to
obtain a more accurate, stable test signal. Using this
technique, a frequency resolution of !mHz over the full
frequency range, from 5Hz to 13MHz, can be obtained.
In addition, a high stability reference (1 MHz or ¡OMHZ)
can be connected to EXT REFERENCE connector on
the rear-panel to obtain an even more stable test signal.
This capability permits stable measurements of the
intrinsic characteristics of high Q devices. Such devices
include crystals whose impedance change drasticaliy
with changes in frequency of only a few Hz.
NC male - BNC(male)Connector
EAT REFERENCE E ExT vco Connector |
Connector pomo
| Signal Output 1MHz/TOMHz
2 Connector Reference
#0 {(40MHz ~ 53MHz) Output Connector
но CHE 16005 e 990 оо обе Зов! Горооо
I a rv Mmm ant O0 5822222
000061 66 LOE 020 ota 656 CEO oo
* mE ar RI Ё о 5 o
EQUIPMENT:
Synthesizer . ... LL LR LA ALL LL HP3325A
BNC (Male) — BNC (Male) Cable (2 ea).
PROCEDURE:
(1) Turn the 4192 A and synthesizer off,
(2) Remove the coaxial adapter, which connects the VCO OUTPUT terminal and EXT VCO terminal on the 4192A
rear-panel.
(3) Connect the signal output terminal (output signal frequency: 40MHz to 53MHz) of the synthesizer to the
EXT VCO terminal on the 4192A rear-panel with the BNC (male) — BNC (male) cable.
Figure 3-42, External Synthesizer (Sheet 1 of 2}
3-84
Model 41924 Section HE
Figure 3-47
(4) Connect the 1MHz (or 10MHZ) reference signal output terminal of the synthesizer to the EXT REFERENCE
terminal on the 4192A rear-panel with the BNC (male) — BNC (male) cable.
(5) Set 4192A’s controls for the desired measurement in accordance with procedures provided in the following
figures:
e Figure 3-10. Basic Operating Instructions of the Amplitude-phase Measurements
e Figure 3-30. Basic Operating Instructions of the impedance Measurements
(6) Turn on the synthesizer.
(7) Set the output signal of the synthesizer to 40MHz + desired measuring frequency.
(8) Set the SPOT FREQ of the 4192A to the desired measuring frequency.
Notes: 1. Resolution of the test signal at the OSC OUTPUT terminal of the 41924 is 1mHz (at 5 Hz to 10kHz),
10mHz (at 10kHz to 100kHz), 100mHz (at 100kHz to IMHz), and 1Hz {at IMHz to 13MHz).
However, when an external synthesizer is used, resolution is ImHz at all frequencies. Thus, to set a
test frequency with a resolution higher than is normally possible (without external synthesizer), set
the 4192A's SPOT FREQ as near to the desired frequency as possible. For example, for a test signal
frequency of 50.000001kHz, set the external synthesizer to 50,000001kHz +40MHz and set the
41924°s SPOT FREQ to 50.00000kHz. The frequency of the test signal of the OSC QUTPUT
terminal will be the frequency of the external synthesizer, however, the SPOT FREQ setting is used
to calculate measurement parameter values (L, C, efc.), offset adjustment data, etc.
2. Values displayed on the 4192A's displays will fluctuate when measurement is made at frequencies
set with 1ImHz resolution at 10kHz to 78. 125KHZ.
Figure 3-42. External Synthesizer {Sheet 2 of 2}
3-85
Section IH
Paragraphs 3-139 and 3-140
3-139.
3-140.
INTERNAL CONTROL SWITCH
Basic operation of the 4192A can be altered by
changing the bit-switch settings of the internal control
switch,
A682. Refer to Table 3-28 for a description of
the function of each bitswitch. Use the following pro-
cedure to gain access to the internal control switch:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
POTENTIAL SHCOK HAZARD!
Turn off the instrument and disconnect the
power cable.
Remove the two plastic instrument-feet located at
the upper corners of the rear-panel.
Fully loosen the top cover retaining screw located
at the rear of the top cover.
Slide the top cover towards the rear and lift off.
WARNING
DO NOT
TOUCH ANY OF THE EXPOSED COMPO-
NENTS!
CAPACITORS MAY STILL BE
CHARGED WITH HAZARDOUS VOLTAGE
LEVELS, EVEN THOUGH POWER IS RE-
MOVED FROM THE INSTRUMENT,
3-86
Model 4192A
(5) With the top cover removed, the A7, A8, and A10
(6)
(7)
board assemblies are visible. These boards are
on a single mounting-piate which opens much like
the hood of an automobile. The A6 board as-
sembly, upon which the internal control switch is
located, is mounted on the underside of this
mounting-plate. To raise the mounting-plate, re-
move the six retaining screws and pull up the two
plastic fasteners located toward the front of the
mounting plate.
Raise the mounting plate until it comes to rest at
the rear of the instrument. Be sure that the safety
catch locks in place.
The internal control switch is located as shown in
Figure 3-43. All bitswitches of A652 are normal-
ly set to O. Set the switch as desired. Refer to
Table 3-28.
Note: Don't change the setting of A651. This
switch is used for cable length compensa-
tion.
AG Board
04192 - 66506
Figure 3-43. ABSZ Internal Control Switch
Model 4192 A Section Hi
Table 3-28
Table 3-28. Internal Control Switch
Dit Description
0 | This bit-switch is related to the operation of the multislope integrafor; ¡t should be always set to O.
When this bit is set to 1, DISPLAY В function is inhibited and measuring speed 1s increased, Measurnng
1 speed in this mode is given in paragraph 3-55 for amplitude/phase measurements and in paragraph 3-89
for impedance measurements.
3 | This bit-switch is related to the operation of the multi-slope integrator; it should be always set to 0.
An HP-IB system, without controller, can be configured by connecting the 4192A to a (HP-IB control
q switch must be set to TALK ONLY and CR/LF*) printer (HP-IB control switch must be set fo LISTEN
ONLY), e.g., HP5150A Thermal Printer, with an HP-IB cable (refer to paragraph 3-117). When this bit
is set to 1, the 4192A is triggered by the operation of the printer.
This bit is used to change the data output format from DISPLAY A/B to DISPLAY A/B/C, in the HP-IB
4 | system without controller (refer to paragraph 3-125). When this bit is set to 1 (4192A must be turned off
and then back on after setting this bit-switch), data output format is set to DISPLAY A/B/C.
5, 6| These bit-switches are not used,
In normal operation, the number of display digits depends on the selected measurement function, meas-
7 urement range, measurement frequency, OSC level, etc. When this bit is set to 1, however, all measured
values are displayed with the maximum number of digits.
* After changing the setting of the HP-IB control switch, turn the instrument off and then back on.
3-87
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