Hewlett Packard 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer Operation and service manual

HEWLETT

PACKARD

OPERATION AND SERVICE MANUAL

MODEL 4192A

LF IMPEDANCE ANALYZER

SERIAL NUMBERS

This manual applies to instruments with serial numbers prefixed

2150J· and above.

©

COPYRIGHT: YOKOGAWA-HE WLETT-PACKARD, LTD" 1983

9-1, TAKAKURA-CHO, HACHIOJI-SHI, TOKYO, JAPAN

Manual Part No.

04192-90001

Microfiche Part No.

04192-90050

Printed: APR.

1984

Model 4192A

Paragraphs

Section

I

1·1 to 1-5

SECTION I

GENERAl. INfORMATION

1 - 1.

INTRODUCTION

1-2. This operating manual contains the information required to install, operate, and test the Hewlett-Packard

Model 4 1 92A LF Impedance Analyzer. Figure I-I shows the instrument and supplied accessories. This section covers specifications, instrument identification, descrip­ tion, options, accessories, and other basic information.

1-3. Listed on the title page of this manual is a micro­ fiche part number. This number can be used to order

4

X

6 inch microfilm transparencies of the manuaL Each micofiche contains up to

60 photo-duplicates of the manual pages. The microfiche package also includes the latest manual changes supplement as well as all pertinent service notes. To order an additional manual, use the part number listed on the title page of this manuaL

1-4. DESCRIPTION

1-5. The HP Model 4 1 92A LF Impedance Analyzer is a fully automatic, high performance test instrument designed to measure a wide range of impedance para­ meters as well as gain, phase, and group delay. The

4 1 92A improves efficiency and quality in the develop­ ment and production of many types of complex compo­ nents, semiconductors, and materials. Complete network analysis of devices such as filters, crystals and audio/video equipment, plus evaluation of the impedance character­ istics of their circuit components, can be performed.

These tests can be performed using test signals equivalent to those found under actual operating conditions. The two measurement display sections, DISPLAY A and

DISPLAY B, provide direct readout of the selected meas-

11170A

04192-6 1 00 1

8120-1378

Figure 1�1. Model 4192A and Accessories

I-I

Section

I

Paragraphs

1·6 to 1·9 urement parameters with 4V2 digit resolution along with the appropriate units. In NORMAL mode operation, the

4 1 92A performs approximately five measurements per second. The 4 1 92A also provides an AVERAGE meas­ urement mode (approximately one measurement per second) to obtain measurement data of higher resolution and repeatabily than is possible in NORMAL measure­ ment mode, and a HIGH SPEED measurement mode to perform approximately ten measurements per second. delay is 0. 1 ns to 1 9.999s with a resolution of 4\1, digits.

These features make accurate measurement of transmis­ sion characteristics easier than ever before. For example�

0.001 dB changes in insertion loss and ripple in the pass band of a BPF (Band Pass Filter), caused by temperature changes, can be resolved. Moreover, the ability of the

4 1 92A to measure group delay helps in the design and construction of filters that must accurately transmit phase information.

1-6. 'The 4 1 92A can provide measuring frequency,

OSC level, and de bias voltage (impedance measurements only) equivalent to actual operating conditions. The sweep capability of the built-in frequency synthesizer and dc bias source permits quick and accurate measurements.

The b uilt-in frequency synthesizer can be set to meas­ uring frequency within the range from 5.000Hz to

1 3.00000MHz with I m Hz maximum resolution. OSC level is variable from 5 m V to 1 . 1 Vrms with 1 m V resolu­ tion ( 5 mV for levels higher than lOOmV). The internal d c bias voltage

�

'urce (impedance measurements only) provides ± 3 5 V in I O mV increments. Measuring fre� quency or dc bias voltage can be automatically or manu� ally swept in either direction. OSC level can be manually swept in either direction in 1 mV increments (S mV for levels above 100mV). Actual test voltage across- or test signal current through the device under test is also measured. Thus the 4 1 92A can evaluate components and circuits under a wide variety of measurement conditions.

For example, video frequency characteristics of a VTR head, dc bias voltage characteristics of a semiconductor or ceramic device, at circuit level as well as component level, can be accurately evaluated. For measurements on high Q ('" 106) devices or for impedance measurements that require a test signal that is more stable than that provided by the 4 1 92A, an external frequency synthesizer can be connected to the 4 1 92A EXT VCO input con­ nector. Using this technique, a frequency resolution of

ImBz over the full frequency range, from 5Hz to 1 3MHz, can be obtained. In addition, a high stability reference

( l MHz or 10MHz) can be connected to the 4 1 92A so that even more-stable test signals are obtained.

1-7. In amplitude/phase measurements, the 4 1 92A can measure four transmission parameters - gain/loss (B-A), level (A, B), phase

(0), and group delay. Measurement range of B A is - IOOdB to + I OOdB with 0.00 1 dB maximum resolution and 0.02dB to 0.09dB basic ac­ curacy ; measurement range of A/B is +0.8 dBV to

-lOOdBV, + 1 3. 8 dBm to -· 8 7 dBm with O.OO l dB maxi­ mum resolution and OAdB basic accuracy; measurement range of 8 is - 1 80° - + 1 800 with 0.0 1 ° resolution and

0. 1 0 to 0.20 basic accuracy ; measurement range of group

1-2

1-8. In impedance measurements, the 4 1 92A can measure eleven impedance parameters - absoktte �e of impedance

(I

Z

I), absolute value of admittance (IYI), phase angle (0), resistance (R), 'reactance (X), con­ ductance (G), susceptance (B), inductance (L), capaci­ tance (C), dissipation factor (D) and quality factor (Q).

I

Measurement range of I Z I /R/X is 0.1 mn to 1 .2999Mn .

Y

I

/G/B is I ns to 1 2.999s; 0 is - 1 80.00' to +1 80.00' ;

L is O.OlmH to 1 .000kH; C is O. l pF to 1 00.OrnF; D is

0.0001 to 1 9.999; Q is 0.1 to 1 999.9. All have a basic accuracy of 0. 1 % and a resolution of 4Y2 digits (number of display digits depends on measuring frequency and

OSC level setting). Moreover, the unique circuitry of the 4 1 92A provides direct and accurate impedance measurements of both grounded and floated devices.

1-9. The 4 1 92A employs certain functions which make the best use of the intelligence capability of its microprocessor. This microprocessor-based design of the hardware makes operation of the 4 1 92A simple, yet improves performance to realize the accurate measuring capabilities. Desired test parameters are fully program­ mable through the front-panel control keys or via HP-lB control, a standard capability of the 4 1 92A. The devia­ tion measurement function eliminates the need for tedious deviation calculatjons. Deviation measurement can be performed on all measuring parameters and is displayed as either the deviation (LI) from a stored refer­ ence value or percent deviation (.6.%). This feature is useful for environmental tests such as temperature characteristics measurement of filter loss, and gain vs. frequency for amplifiers. The self test function augments the high reliability design of the 4 1 92A. Convenient introspective testing is possible by pressing the SELF

TEST key and confirms the functional operation of the instrument. The zero offset adjustment function meas­ ures the residual impedance and stray admittance in­ herent to the test fixture used, and offsets the effects of these parasitic parameters to zero with respect to the measured values. The save/recall function can store

(SAVE key) five completely different front-panel settings, including both parameter selection and sweep controls, and recall them at any time (RECALL key). This feature

Model 4192A

1 - 1 1 . The versatility and operability of the 4 1 92A are maximized by the availability of versatile test fixtures.

Because components and networks are not of uniform shape and Slze, the 4 1 92A has several test fixtures that can be used to best meet different measurement require­ ments.

1- 12. SPECI FICATIONS

1 - 1 3 . Complete specifications of the Model 4 1 92A LP

Impedance Analyzer are given in Table I-I. These specifi­ cations are the performance standards or limits against which the instrument is tested. The test procedures for the specifications are covered in Section IV, Perfonnance

Tests. Table 1-2 lists supplemental performance charac­ teristics. Supplemental performance characteristics are not specifications but are typical characteristics included as additional information for the operator. When the

4 1 92A LP Impedance Analyzer is shipped from the factory, it meets the specifications listed in Table 1 - 1 .

1 - 1 4. SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

Paragraphs

Section

I

1 · 1 0 to 1·21

1-17. INSTRUMENTS COV E R E D BY MANUAL improves efficiency in production applications where repetitive measurements are made. This feature can also b e used to measure the same parameter on one com­ ponent under (five) different sets of test conditions. The standard memory of the 4 1 92A preserves stored data even when the instrument is off.

1 - 1 0. The 4 1 92A provides HP-lB interface capability for complete remote control of all front-panel control key settings and test parameter settings. This feature makes it possible to integrate the 4 1 92A into a measure­ ment system which reduces cost b y improving DUT throughout, improving circuit design efficiency, and shortening the component development period. The

4 1 92A is also equipped with X-Y recorder outputs and pen lift eontrol. Clear and accurate copies of character­ istics curves resulting from swept measurements can be obtained easily with this capability, without an external

HP-lB controller.

1-18. Hewlett-Packard uses a two-section nine character serial number which is stamped on the serial number plate (Figure 1-2) attached to the instrument's rear-panel.

The first four digits and the letter are the serial prefix and the last five digits are the suffix. The letter placed be­ tween the two sections identifies the country where the instrument was manufactured. The prefix is the same for all identical instruments; it changes only when a change is made to the instrument. The suffix, however, is assigned sequentially and is different for each instrument. The contents of this manual apply to instruments with the serial number prefix(es) listed under SERIAL NUMBERS on the title page.

1 - 1 9. An instrument manufactured after the printing of this manual may have a serial number prefix that is not listed on the title page. This unlisted serial number pre­ fix indicates the instrument is different from those described in this manuaL The manual for this new instru­ ment may be accompanied by a yellow Manual Changes supplement or have a different manual part number. This supplement contains "change information" that explains how to adapt the manual to the newer instrument.

1-20. In addition to change information, the supplement may contain information for correcting errors (called

Errata) in the manual. To keep this manual as current and accurate as possible, Hewlett-Packard recommends that you periodically request the latest Manual Changes supplement. The supplement for this manual is id :ntified with this manual's print date and part number, both of which appear on the manual's title page. Complimentary copies of the supplement are available from Hewlett­

Packard. If the serial prefix or number of an instrument is lower than that on the title page of this manual, see

Section VU, Manual Changes.

1 -2 1 . For information concerning a serial number pre­ fix that is not listed on the title page or in the Manual

Change supplement, contact the nearest Hewletl-Packard office.

1 - 1 5. The Model 4 1 92A LP Impedance Analyzer has been designed to confonn to the safety requirements of an IEC (International Electromechanical Committee)

Safety Class I instrument and is shipped from the factory in a safe condition.

1 - 1 6. This operating and service manual contains in­ formation, cautions, and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a safe condition.

S«,IIIMJ..',ffO. o

YOt<O!IIAWA �W1JlT II'4CII�flfl;'

'tOWl:1) J�

0

Figure 1-2. Serial Number Plate

1-3

Section I

Table

1·1

Model

4 I 92A

Table '·1. Specifications (Sheet 1 of 12)

COMMON SPECIFICATIONS

(Amplitude·Phase and Impedance Measurements)

INTERNAL SYNTH ESIZER:

Frequency Range:

Frequency Resolution:

Frequency Accuracy:

OSC Level R .nge :

Output from OSC OUTPUT (HCUR) terminal

5.000Hz to 1 3.000000MHz

I mHz (5Hz to 1 0kHz), I OmHz ( 1 0kHz t6 1 00kHz), 1 00mHz ( 1 00kHz to

I MHz), 1 Hz ( l MHz to 1 3 MHz)

± 50 ppm (23'C ± 5'C)

Variable from 5 mVrms to 1 . 1 Vrms (when terminated by son in amplitude­ phase measurements or UNKNOWN terminals are open in impedance measure­ ments).

I mV ( 5 mV to 100mV), 5 mV ( l OOmV to 1 . 1 V)

OSC Level Resolution:

OSC Level Accuracy:

Measuring Frequency

OSC level

-----------

,;;: lOOmV

5 Hz - I MHz

(5 + 10/f) % + 2 mV

I MHz - 1 3 MHz

-

(4 + 1 . 5F) % + 2 mV f : measuring frequency (Hz), F : measuring frequency (MHz).

>

100mV

(5 + I O/f)% + I O mV

(4 + 1 . 5F) % + I O mV

Output Resistance: son

(amplitude/phase measurements), lOOn (impedance measurements,

�

38kHz) l OO n to 1 0 k" (impedance measurements, < 38 kHz, depends on measuring range), dc coupling.

Level Monitor (impedance measurement):

Measures and displays the voltage across- or current through the device under test.

Frequency and Level Control:

Set via the front-panel numeric keys or HP-lB ; auto sweep (except for level) or manual sweep.

EXT E RNAL SYNTHESIZER :

Frequency Range:

Connected to the VCO INPUT connector on the rear-panel (HP3325A Syn­ thesizer or equivalent is recommended).

40,000005 MHz to 53 MHz (measuring frequency is equal to the frequency o f the external synthesizer minus 40MHz [ 5 Hz to 1 3 MHz] ),

O dB m to 3 dBm

Required Signal level:

Note: Frequency of the 4 192A internal synthesizer should be set to the frequency of the external synthesizer minus 40Mflz, and the internal and external syn thesizers should be phase-locked,

1-4

Model

4192A

Section I

Table ]·1

Table 1 · 1 . Specifications (Sheet 2 o f 12)

EXT R EFERENCE INPUT CONN E CTOR

Can be connected to a I MHz/ IOMHz high stability reference signal

(- I dBm to +5 dBm) to improve the stability of the internal synthesizer.

Input Resistance:

Approximately son

MEASURING MODE:

Spot Measurement:

Swept Measurement:

Sweep Mode:

At specific frequency (or dc bias*)

Between START and STOP frequencies (or dc bias*). Sweep can be automatic or manual.

Linear sweep mode (sweeps at specified step) and logarithmic sweep mode (20 measurement points per frequency decade).

Xl0 STEP:

PAUSE Key:

Multiplies the specified frequency Idc bias* step by l O in linear manual sweeps.

Temporarily stops swept measurements.

SWEEP ABORT Key:

Makes sweep cancellation.

* : DC bias sweeps can be made for impedance measurements only.

RECORDER OUTPUT:

Maximum Output:

Output Voltage Accuracy:

DC outputs proportional to measured values of D lSPLA Y A. DlSPLA Y B , and measuring frequency or de bias. PEN LIFT output and X-Y recorder scaling outputs are provided.

± I V

± (0. 5 % of output voltage + 20 m V).

FIVE NONVO LAT I L E STORAGE R EG ISTERS:

Memorize five complete instrument measurement configurations.

Measurement configurations can be set from the front-panel, from the HP-lB, or both.

HP·IB INTER FACE:

I nterface Capabi l ity

:

Remote Control Function:

Data Output:

Data output and remote control via the HP·IE (based on IEEE-Std-488 and

ANSI·MC I · 1 .

SHI , AH I , T5, L4, SR I , RLI , DC I , DTI .

All front-panel functions except LINE ON/OFF switch and X I O STEP key.

Measured values of D lSPLA Y A, DISPLAY B, and measuring frequency or d e bias.

S E L F TEST:

T R I G G E R:

Performs the 41 92A basic operation checks and displays the test results when power is turned on or when the SELF TEST mode is set by the SELF TEST key or via HP-lB.

Internal, External, Hold/Manual, or HP·lB remote control.

1-5

Model 4192A

Section I

Table I-I

Table 1 - 1 . Specifications (Sheet 3 o f 12)

AMPLITUDE/PHASE M EASU R E M ENTS

PARAMETERS MEASURED:

Measures DISPLAY A parameters and D ISPLAY B parameters simultaneously in the parameter combination listed below. Deviation measurement

(�) and percent deviation measurement (,6,%) can be performed for all measurement parameters.

DISPLAY A Function

DISPLAY B Function

Group delay (s)

B -- A (dB) : Amplitude ratio

-�,--

B (dBm/dBV) : Absolute amplitude of Test Input

O dBv

=

I Vrms. OdBm

=

I mV (into SOn)

8 (deg/rad) : Phase Difference

�

R E F E R ENCE AMPLITUDE:

OSC OUTPUT CONNECTOR OUTPUT IMPEDANCE:

1 3 MHz). son + 5 % - 8 % (at 50Hz to 5MHz). son ± 10% (at 5 Hz to

CHAN N E L A AND B :

Input Impedance:

Maximum Input Voltage:

I Mn ± 2%, shunt capacitance 25 pF ± 5pF

2 Vrms/± 3 5 V DC Max.

D ISPLAY RANGE AND RESOLUTION:

In NORMAL or AVERAGE measurement mode (Measuring resolution decreases one digit in HIGH SPEED measurement mode.

B

-

A : e:

Group Delay

(7g):

A,

B:

0 to ± 1 0 0dB, O.O O l dB (0 - 20dB), O.O l dB (20 - I OOdB) resolution

0 to ± 1 80' (0 to ±

7 radian), 0.0 1 ' resolution

O. lns to 1 9 .9998, O . l ns maximum resolution

+0.8dBV to - I OO dBV, + 1 3 . 8 dBm to - 87 dBm, O.OO l dB (> - 20dB), O.O l dB (:;:; - 20 dB) resolution

1-6

Model 4192A

Section I

Table

I-I

Table 1-1. Specifications (Sheet 4 of 12)

M EASU R I N G ACCURACY:

Specified at measuring terminals when the following conditions are satisfied :

( 1 ) Warmup Time:

(2) Ambient Temperature:

(3) Measuring Speed:

> 30 minutes

23°C ± SOC (error limits double for O°C to S S OC temperature range).

NORMAL or AVERAGE mode.

Note: A dditional errors due to the power splitter, feed through termination, etc" are to be added to speci/i­ cations given here.

The measurement accuracy of each parameter is given below. The accuracy depends on input absolute level of each channel and the measuring frequency.

8-A and e

Measurements Accuracies :

Accuracies are the sum of each channel accuracy given in the table below. For example, when the frequency is 1 kHz, A channel is - I S dBV and B channel is - 25 dBV ; the uncertainty contributed by each channel to the B -A error is 0.01 dB/O.OSo and 0.05 dB/O. I S o, respectively. Therefore, the final ac­ curacy of 0.06dB/0.2° is given by the accuracy of both channels.

Group Delay Measurements Accuracy:

Accuracy is derived from the following equation (phase accuracy

LeA and

LeE are read from the table below): group delay accuracy

Channel A phase accuracy (degree)

Channel B phase accuracy (degree)

Step Frequency (Hz)

�

'"

" c

�

0

-'"

'"

0

"

....l

'"

;;

'0

-"

+0.8

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70

�

0.

-

-80

-90

-100

5

(0.008+0.2/fldB

(0.04+1/flo

O.OldS

0.045dS

0.05°

0.08°

(0.047+0.2/f)dS

(0.13+2/flo

(0.05+1/fldB

(0.14+6/flo

(0.05+3/fldB

(0.15+15/flo

(O.l+lO/f)dB

(1+50/f)0

(0.45+25/fldB

(4+100/f)0

(1.5+50/f)dB

(12+300/f)0

0.05dS

0.08dS

0.15° 0.25°

0.06dB

0.2°

0.08dS

0.3°

0.12dB

0.3°

0.14dB

0.6°

0.2dS

1.5°

0.7d8

5°

2dS

1 5°

Unspecifi ed

100 10k lM

Measuring Frequency (Hz)

(0.025+0.02FldS

0.08Fo

(0.04+0.04F)dS

(0.05+0.2Flo

(0.06+0.06F)dB

(0.05+0.25F)0

(0.07+0.07F)dB

(0.3+0.3F)O

(O.l+O.lF)dB

(1+0.5F)0

(0.4+0.3FldB

( 4+F)0

(1 +Fl dB

(13+2F)0 l3M f : measuring frequency (Hz)

F : measuring frequency (MHz)

Equations in table represent:

A, B accuracy

() accuracy

Note

W hen calculating accuracy for points along a horizontal or vertical line, or at the intersection of two lines, use the narrowest accuracy equation.

1 -7

Section I

Table 1·1

Model 4192A

Table '·1. Specifications (Sheet 5 of 12)

Absolute Amplitude (A, B) Accuracy:

Accuracy is given in the table below,

+O.S

:>

"0

�

�

0

"il

..-l

"

"

"

U

"'

(3

.re

<

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60

-70

(0.4+1/f)dB

(0.5+11/f)dB

(0.85+26/f)dB

0,4dB

0.6dB

1.1dB

(0.4+0.0SF}dB

(0.5+0.1SF)dB

(0.8+0.38F)dB

.s

-SO

-90

(1.9+51/f}dB

5,;;

�100

2.4dB

100<

Unspecified

(1.4+1.08F}dB

-100

5 100

, lM

Measuring Frequency (Hz) l3M f measuring frequency (Hz)

F : measuring frequency (MHz)

Note

W hen calculating accuracy for points along a horizontal or vert ical l ine, or at the intersection of two lines, use the narrowest accuracy equation.

1-8

Model 4192A

PARAMETERS MEASU R E D:

Section I

Table 1·1

Table 1·1. Specifications (Sheet 6 of 12)

IMPEDANCE MEASUREM ENTS

Measures DISPLAY A parameters and DISPLAY B parameters simultaneously in the parameter combinations listed below, Deviation measurement (.6.) and percent deviation measurement (.6%) can be performed for all measurement parameters.

R

G

D I SPLAY A Function

I Z I

I Y I

:

Absolute Value of Impedance

----�---

Absolute Value of Admittance

Resistance

._-

Conductance

-------

L

:

Inductance

C Capacitance

DISPLAY B Function e

(deg/rad) : Phase Angle

X

:

Reactance

B

Q

--

D

Susceptance

---

Quality Factor

Dissipation Factor

R

G

Resistance

Conductance

--

EQUIVALENT C I RC U I T M O D E:

Auto, � (Series), and o-CJ-'NrO

�

(Parallel)_ I Z I , R, and X are measured in mode; and I Y I , G, and B in

� mode.

D I SPLAY:

Maximum 4'1/2 digits in N ORMAL or AVERAGE measurement m ode, maximum 3 ' 1 / 2 digits in HIGH SPEED m easurement m ode; 1 9999 full-scale display for L and C m easurement, 1 2999 for other parameters.

Number of display digits depends on OSC level, measurement range, and test frequency. (Refer t o Para. 3-17)

RANGING: AUTO or MANUAL for impedance ( I Z I )/admittance ( I Y I ) measured value.

MEASUREMENT TERMINAL:

4-terminal pair configuration

AUTOMATIC ZERO ADJUSTMENT:

Residual impedance (R + jX) and stray admittance (G + jB) of the test fixture are measured at a frequency selected by the operator. These values are then stored and used as offset data for subsequent measurements. The stored offset values are converted and applied to other measurement frequencies (refer to paragraph 3-79).

1-9

Section I

Table I-I

Model 4192A

Table 1-1.

Specifications (Sheet 7 of 12)

M EASU R I NG RANG E AND R ESOLUTION:

Accuracy is specified at UNKNOWN terminals under the following conditions:

(1) Warmup Time : � 30 minutes

(2) In Floating Measurements:

(3) Measuring Frequency:

(see Table 1 -2 for specifics on low-grounded measurements)

At the frequency of the zero offset adjustment

(4) Ambient Temperature:

(5)

CABLE LENGTH:

(6) Measuring Speed:

23°C ± 5°C (error limits double for temperature range of oOe to 55°C)

At 0 position

NORMAL or AVERAGE mode

(7) In the tables, area: Reference data (accuracy is not guaranteed.)

� area : Measurement can not mode but accuracy is not specified.

0.0001 to 1 . 2999M>l 1 00>lg -1 80.000 to + 1 80.000

B = + 0 .0 2

'I use the

Icft graph (below) e =

: use the right graph (below)

'I where

'Y ose

LEVEL (V) f : Measuring frequency (Hz)

F : Measuring frequency (MHz)

5

2

OL-�

5m lam

�

________

1 Dam

77

DSC

LEVEL(V)

200

100

10

5m 10m lOOm

DSC

LEVEL(V)

1.1

1 -1 0

Model 4192A

Table

1-1. Specifications (Sheet

8 of 12)

IZI-8 and R-X Measurements:

Measuring Range:

Parameter Measuring Range Maximum Resolution

IZI·

R ' X

1-----+--------------1------------1

8

0.000] n

-180. 00° to to

1.2999Mn

+180.00°

Section I

Table I-I

Measurement Accuracy :

Refer to the table below (specified by

ZY

RANGE). However, R and X ac­ curacy depends on the value of D as follows:

R

X

D

<

1

Accuracy of R is equal to the accuracy of

X, in number of counts, as calculated from

Table below.

1 � D

<

10

!

Two times % error given in the table below.

10�D

Table below

L

__

--j

Accuracy of X is equal to the accuracy of R, in number of counts, as calculated from the table be­ low.

N lM lOOk

{(C.2 + A)B + f (1 t

2.4A·O] % + 1

{CG.l

+ 0.5A)8 + ,� (1 + 2.4A.C)}o

[(0.1 + 0.2A)8 + lil + 0.03 (1 + lOA)c}]% + 1

1:(0.05 + 0.lA)8 t

' t{1 + 0.03 (1 + lOA)c}]"

10k

[(0.1 +O.2A)B+t{1..-0.02 (1 +10A)C}]%+

I

[(0.05

+

0.1A)8 t tt1 + 0.02 (1 + 10A)c}]�

100

10

(0.2

+

A}B% + 1

(0.1 + 0.5A)8°

(0.1 ;. 0.2Al8% ;.

I

(O.OS ;. O.lAW·

(O.ZF

+ A)8% + 1

(O.12F + 0.5A)8°

(G.2f t

0.2A)8%

1

1

(0.12F t

0.1A)BO

(0.15F "' 0.2AJtH.;.

1

{O.09F"'

O.lA)BO

[(0.1 + 0.2Al8 -;- t {l + 0.04 (1 .;. 6A.)C}]% ;. 1

[(0.05 + O.lA)8

.j.

� {l ",0.04 (1 + 6Ale}]0

(0.1 + 0.2A -;- 0.02F + 0.024F2jB;{ + 1

(0.05 + O.lA + O.OiF + 0.014F2)B6

0.13'%+3

(0.05 + °A01)BO

(0.1 "' 0.02F ... 0.OZ4F')B% + 3

(0.05 + 9..:%l + O.OlF + 0.014f")B('

[0.28 + t

{

1 + 0.04 (1 + i.!c}

J%

-I-

5

[(0.1 + ·4.£)13 + i {1 + 0.04 (1 + �")c}

JO

0.26%+5

(0.2" 0.03F ,. 0.032F')B%., 5

(0.1 .. °iliJIw (0.1 +

Q

..

,.jF

·.0.06F + 0.064Fl}(0.2+ 2.p;.1..)BC

0.58% ." 5

(0.3 + ;�}BO

,

400

I M

Measuring Frequency (Hz)

1M 13�\

(1)

A

-

Displayed

IZI,

R or X

121

Range full scale

(n )

(n ) in the table.

(2)

Equations in table represent :

I Z I,

R, X accuracy [ ± (% of reading + number of counts) 1

8 accuracy [ ± (absolute value)]

1-11

Section I

Table 1-1

Model 4192A

Table 1-1. Specifications (Sheet 9 of 12)

I Y I

-

0 and GB Measurements :

Measuring Range :

Measurement Accuracy:

Parameter e

Measuring Range Maximum Resolution

- 1 80.00°

+ 1 80.00'

_+

--- --S ------

�

Refer to the table below (specified by

ZY

RANGE). However, G and B accuracy depends on the value of D as follows:

G

D

:;:; 0.1

0.1 < D

:;:; 1

Accuracy of G is equal to the accuracy of S, in number of counts, as calculated from tbe table below.

B

Table below

1 < D

Table below

Two times % error given in the table below.

Accuracy of B is equal to the accuracy of G, in number of counts, as calculated from the table below.

�

V1

�

"

'"

�

'"

�

><

{(

O.

1 +

100),

" l

O m

[O.lS + t{l

+ 0.03

(1

+ k)C}]%

'f.

3

[O.OS-!

1

--{1+O.03(1+

}

}C}Jo

[0.18

+ t{l t

0.02 (1 +

{

)

C

}

]

%

+

3

[(0.05

+

Q'iiQ.l')B

+ tt 1

+ 0.02

(1

+

}

)c

}]

O

[0.18 + if1

[(0.05 t'

+

0.0

4

{l +

0;i,6)C}]%

+ 3

+ ifl

+

0.04

(1 c

°A5)C}]0

1

DOm

[(0.1

+

0.2A)B + f' {1

+

0 .

0

4 (1 +

2A)C}]% +

1

[(0.05 + O.lA)B + t

,i,

0.0

4 (1

+ 2A)

C}

JO

[(0.2

+ O.SA)

B f----b

+ 0.2A)S

" f

{ 1

+ f

{1

+ 0.04

'e

('I

+ 20A)C}]% +

0.04 (1

+

2

0

A)

C}

JO

1

0.2B% + 3

{G.l + 2..:

-£2

)B�

0

.

1

8%+3

{O.05

+

9f)BO

O.2H�% + 3

(0.12f" +

Q�*5_)BO

O.2F

-B"

+ 3

(O.12F

.

. 9"%lw

O.15F·B%+3

(0.09t

.;-

Q_·,.

�

J)BQ

{O.l +

0.02F

+

0.024Fl)B% + 3

(O.OS

+ Q.,'£l +

O.OlF + 0.014FlW

(0.1.;. O.2AlB%' 1

(0.05 + O.lA)SC

(0.1

+ O.2A

+

O.02F

+ 0.024F')B% + 1

{0.05

+ O

.

l

A + O.01F

+ 0.014F2)BO

(0.2 '. o.SAlB% +

1

(0.1

+

O.2A)8Q

(C.5

+ 2AiBl

(

0

.3

"

A}!l%

"

1

400

16k

Measuring Frequency (Hz)

13M

( I ) A =

Displayed

I Y I,

G or B (S)

I Y I

Range full scale (S) in the table.

(2) Equations in table represent :

IYI, e

G, B accuracy: [ ± (% o f reading

+ number of counts)] accuracy:[ ± (absolute value)]

1- 1 2

Model 4192A

Section I

Table 1·1

Table 1-1. Specifi cati ons (Sheet 10 of 12)

L-Q, D, R, G Measurements :

Measuring Range:

Refer to R/X or G/B measurements for R and G accuracy.

Measuring Accuracy :

Parameter

M easuring Range

M ax imum Resolution

L*

D

0.0] nH

-

1 .0000kl-l

0.0001

-

1 9.999

! OpH

"---

0.0001

_ .. _----

Q

0.1

-

1 999.9

0. 1

*

Depends on ZY RANGE and measuring frequency (refer to paragraph

3-71).

Refer to the table below (specified by ZY RANGE).

To determine which IZ I range is selected for L measurements, change the DISP LA

Y

A function to 1 Z lilY I.

1M

1 + 2A)8

;t

{l Z.4A·C)r % + 1

(0.01 + 0.02A)8 +

9fQ·�

(l + 2,4A·C) lOOk

10k

1k

[(0.2

,I,

O.3f,)S t t

{

1 + 0.03 (1 + 10A)C}]% t

1

(0.002 ., 0.003A)8 +

{l + 0.03

(1

+ lOA)C}

[(0.2 + 0.3A)8

+ i

{1 + 0.002

(1

+ WA)cf]% +

1

(0.002 + 0.003A)8

+

Of-OS {l + 0.03 (1 -;- lOA)C}

[(0.2

+

0.3A)8 +

�,{

1

-I-

(0.002

+

[0.2B+

0.04

(1

+

6 Ale} ]% + 1

{

1 + 0.02 (1

+

10A)c}

}

J:ti3 lOG

(l ;- 2AW:· t !

(0.01 + Q,02A}tl

(O.3F + O.3A)BX -;- 1

0.0031" + 0.003A)B

(0.2

!,

O.3A)ln

+

(0.002 '0.003A)B

1 (O.2f + 0.3A)8% + 1

(O.002f

-I-

0.003AlB

+ 0.3A + 0.03F

�

0.032f2)S% +

1

I,

0.003A + 0.0003F + 0.0004F'lB

0.2B'r + 3

(0.2 + 0.031" + 0.032eW� " 3

(0.002"

+ 0.0003F + O.0004F')S

10

O.3BX. + 5

(0.003 +

2.,_9.£93.)8

(0.3

+

0.04F + 0.048F2)S1. + 5

�1---�'-��----�--+---�--*=

+ 0.0004F

�

0.0006F2)B

0.78% + 5

{O.OO? + fL...

�

02)B

400 16k

Measuring Frequency (Hz)

1

M 1M

BM

( I ) A =

2n X

Measuring frequency (Hz) X Displayed L (H)

I Z I Range full scale (H) in the table.

(2) Equations in table represent (at D

� 0. 1 ) :

L accuracy: [ ± (% of reading + number of counts)]

D aceuracy :[ ± (absolute value)]

(3) If 0. 1 <

D � I , double the % error for all values of L.

(4) If D > 0. 1 , multiply error of D by ( l + D)' .

5

(5) a=

2nf x

IOs(H) in the table.

Where f3 number o f digits displayed when the DISPLAY A function is changed to. t Z I

/

1 Y 1

•

1 - 1 3

Section I

Table I-I

Model 4192A

Table 1 - 1 . Specifications (Sheet 1 1 o f 12)

C-Q,

0, R, G Measurments:

Measuring Range:

Refer to R/X or G/B measurements for R and G accuracy.

Parameter Measurement Range

M ax imum Resolution

C*

O.OOOlpF

-

100.00mF O. l fF

D

0.0001

-

1 9.999 0.0001

'---

'

-

'

-

'

Q

0. 1

-

1 999.9

0. 1

-

* .

Depenction

ZY

RANGE and measuring frequency (refer to paragraph 3-7 1 ).

Measurement Accuracy :

Refer to the table below (specified by

ZY

RANGE).

To determine which I Z I range is selected for L measurements, change the DISPLA Y A function to

I Z I I I Y I .

§

;>< lrn lOin lOOm

[O.lB +t{l + 0,03 (1 f

A:)C}

(0.0009

'e

O

[O.lB +

�002)B + �Q.�,{

1

+ 0.03 (1 ,. k)C}

�

{

1 4-

0.02

(1;.

})c}

Ji t

3

{l + 0.04 (1 + 0flC}

}

]% + 3

(0.0009 +

(0.0009 ;.

{1

{l

"

2A)C}

Jf

+

1

+ 0.04 (1 ",2A)c}

!-

0.04

(1

;. 20A)c}]% + 1

(0.002;. 0.004A)B ;. {1 + 0.04

(1

;.

20A)C}

10

0.213%

4-

3

(0.002 + Q·�01�)B

O.2F ·5% + 3

(O.OOZF

+

.9�,�Ql)B

G.2F·B% + 3

(O.002F + Q�.Qo.?-)B

O.lB% + 3

(0.0009 + O.�D91_)S

O. i5F·BX. ;. 3

(O.0016f .. Q.,O�OZ)B r-,---------�------�

(0.0009 + O.O�02 + O.0002F + O.0003F2)B

(0.1 + 0.2A)B% +

1

(0.1 + 0.2A + 0.02F + 0.024F1i8% ., 1

(0.0009 + 2.:..0�02)B (0.1:\009 + Q.,�..QQS

-I-

0.0002F t

O.0003F1)B

(0.2 ;. 0.5A)B% ,. 1

(0.002 ;. 0.004A)8

400

(0.5 + 2Aj-B%

+ I

(0.005 + q.02A)B-

16k

IM 2M

13M

Measuring Frequency (Hz)

( 1 ) A

=

2 rr

X Measuring frequency (Hz) X Displayed C (F) lyrRange 'full scale

(2) Equations in table represent (at D � 0 . 1 ) :

C accuracy:[ ± (% of reading + number of counts)]

D accuracy:[ ± (absolute value)]

(3) If 0. 1

<

D � 1 , double the % error for all values of C.

(4) If D > 0. 1 , multiply error o f D by ( l + D)' .

(5) a=

3

211f x la S+

,(F) in the table.

Where f3 : number of digits displayed when the DISPLAY A function is changed to

I Z I

/

I Y I .

1-14

Model 4192A

Table '·1. Specifications (Sheet 12 of 12)

DC BIAS:

Voltage Range:

Valid for impedance measurements only.

-35 V to +3 5V, l O mV steps

Setting Accuracy (at 23'C

±

5'C ) :

± (0.5 % of setting +5 mY)

Output Resistance: liOn to 1 1 kn ± 10% (depends on measuring range)

Max imum Output Current:

Varies with measuring frequency and range,

Floating measurements

- 20mA max.

Low-grounded measurements - 5 mA max.

Control:

Front-panel numeric keys or HP-IB remote control

G E N ERAL

OPERAT I N G TEMPE R AT U R E :

O'C to 5 5°C

R E LAT IVE HUM I D ITY:

POWER:

Section I

Table 1 ·1

�

95% at 40° C

1 00, 1 20, 220 V ± 1 0%, 240V + 5 % - 1 0%, 48Hz to 66Hz, power consumption

150 VA maximum.

D I M ENSIONS:

WEIGHT:

425 . 5 mm (W) X 235 mm (H) X 6 1 5 mm (D)

Approximately 19 kg

F UR N I SH E D ACCESSO R I ES AND PARTS :

1 6047A Test Fixture, 1 1 048C 50n Feedthrough Termination (2 ea.),

Splitter (HP Part No.: 0 4 1 92-6 1 0 0 1 , Nominal 50n ) , Power Cord (HP Part No. :

8 1 20- 1 378).

OPT IO N 907:

OPTIONS

Front Handle Kit (HP Part No.: 506 1 -009 1 )

OPT IO N 908 :

Rack Flange Kit (HP Part No. : 506 1 -0079)

OPT I O N 909:

OPTION 910:

Rack and Handle Kit (HP Part No. : 506 1-0085)

Extra Manual

1 - 1 5

Model 4192A

Section

[

Table 1 ·2

Table 1·2. General I nformation (Sheet 1 of 2)

G E N E R A L I N FO RMATION

(The following information is reference data and not guara nteed specifications.)

TYPICAL M E AS U R E M E NT ACCURACY :

Impedance Measurement ( F loating) :

Accuracy when CABLE LENGTH is I m : 2.5 times percent error for frequencies above I MHz.

L . C accuracy for D > I

:

( 1 + D2 ) times accuracy specifications

Low Grounded Impedance Measurement Accuracy :

To obtain low grounded measurement accuracy, add the accuracy for floating impedance measurements, given in the proceding tables, to the additional error given in the figure below. Compensation for residual impedance (;;; 9pF at

;s;: 600kHz or approximately 20kn at � 600kHz) must also be made using the 4 1 92A's zero offset adjustment function.

10

� on

"

.§

:0

-<

'"

�

�

"

�

:::-

-

::s

§

"

:0

-0

""

"

0-

�

"

"

0 ;:;:

MEAS U R I N G SPEED :

1.0

0.1

5

-1 i Z i l OK

"

--

-------

DSC

LEVEL

I lY

Range

,-

--

/

/

/

/

/

/

<70rnV l lDkQ,lmS

I�/

/,

/,

/

/

/ l OOK

7

/

/,

/'

/'

..-

/'

..-

DSC

LEVEL

) 70mV 1 Okn, lmS

<;.70mV

ZY Ranqe frv kn

10mS'\..10S

....

/'

,-�

/'

/,

/'

/"

-l M

J-------

ZY Range

'-

DSC

LEVEL

---

--

l OM

Measuring Frequency (Hz)

Refer to the figure below (at fixed measuring frequency) measurement range and

OSC level for impedance measurement). Specific information is provided in paragraph 3-55 for amplitude/phase measurements and in paragraph 3-89 for im­ pedance measurements. Speed in AVERAGE mode is approximately 7 times that for NORMAL mode.

3.

:3 f-<

C v

E

�

:2i

300m lOOm

30m

5

10

_�========�==������������==�

Nonnal Speed

High Speed

:===j==\[=::t====�====�

Nonnal Speed

High Speed

100 lK lOOK

Measuring Frequency (Hz) lM l3M

1 - 1 6

Model 4 1 9 2A

Table 1-2. General I nformation (Sheet 2 of 2)

F R EQUE NCY SW ITCHING T I M E :

Approximately 50ms to 65ms

Section

I

Table 1-2

ZY RANGE SWITC H I NG T I M E :

Approximately 35ms to 50ms per range (at> 400Hz)

OSC L EV E L SWITC H I NG T I M E :

Approximately 65ms

DC B I AS VOLTAGE SETT L I NG T I M E :

Approximately ( 0.4 X I'N + 1 0) ms where DV is the v oltage change (V) .

L EV E L MONITOR RANGE AND ACCURACY :

At 23°C

±

5°C

�

Voltage

C urrent

Range

5mV

� l.l V

I}.(A

�

Accuracy

(% of reading + count)

,;;; 1 00Hz: (4 + 1 0/f ) % + I

1 00Hz to IMHz : 4% + I

� IMHz : (4 +

O. SF)

% + I where f: measuring frequency (Hz),

F

: measuring frequen cy ( MHz).

T I M E R EQ U I R E D FOR LEVE L MONITOR :

Approx imately 1 20ms

1 M H z R E F E R E NC E OUTPUT :

Output Resistance :

Square wave, L 1 .6 Vp-p

Approximat ely son

1-17

Section

I

Paragraphs 1 ·22 to 1·29

'·22. OPTIONS

Model 4192A

1-25.

Option

910 adds an extra copy of the Operation and Service Manual.

1-23.

Options are modifi cations to the standard instru­ ment that implement the user's special requirements for minor f un ctional changes. The

4192 A has f our options as listed in Table

1·3.

Option

Number

907

908

909

910

Tab le '·3 Available O ptions

Description

Front Handle Kit.

Rack Flange Kit.

Rack Flange and Front Handle Kit .

Extra Manual

'·26. ACCESSOR I ES SUPPL I E D

1-27.

The

HP

Model

4192A

LF Impedance Analyzer, along with its furnished accessories, is shown in Figure

I - I .

The f urnished accessories are also listed below.

16047

A Test Fixture l 1 048C son Feedthrough

(2 ea.)

Power Splitter (HP Part No.:

0 4 1 92-61 00 1 )

BNC Adapter (HP Part No.:

1250-0216)

11170A

BNC Cable

(2 ea.)

Power Cable (HP Part No.:

8 120-1378)

Additional

Fuses f or

AlP!

(

2e a .

P N: 2 1 1 0-0650)

'·28. ACCESSO R I ES AVAI LAB L E

1-24.

The following options provide the mechanical parts necessary for rack mounting and hand carrying:

Option

907 :

Front Handle Kit. Furnishes carrying han dles for both ends of f ront-panel.

Option

908 :

Rack Flange Kit. Furnishes flanges for rack mounting for both ends of front-panel.

Option

909 :

Rack Flange and Front Handle Kit. Fur­ n ishes both f ront handles and rack flanges f or in strument.

Installation procedures for these option s are detailed in

Section

IT.

1-29.

For certain measurements and f or convenien ce in connecting samples, ten types of accessories are available.

Each accessory is designed to meet the v arious measure­ ment requirements and types of DUT. All accessories were developed with careful consideration to accuracy

J reliability, and ease of measurement. A brief description and p hoto of each available accessory is given in Table

1-4.

1-18

Model 4 l 92A

HP 1 6047A

H P 1 6047B

Section I

Table 1-4

Model

Table 1-4. Accessories Available (Sheet 1 of 4)

Description

1 6047A Direct Coupled Test F ix ture (furnished ) :

Test Fixtur e (direct attachment type) for general measur e­ ment of both ax ial and radial l ead component s. Three kinds of contact inserts are f urnished:

CD

For axial lead components,

(HP

PIN 16061-70022).

(3)

For general radial lead components,

(HP PIN 16061-70021). o

For radial short lead components,

(HP PIN 1 6047-65 0 0 1 ).

DC bias up to

±35V can be applied.

1 6047B Test Fix ture with Safe Guard:

Test Fixt ur e (cable connect ion type) for general measure­ ment of both ax ial an d radial lead components at fr e­ quen cies below

2

MHz. Three kinds of contact inserts are furnished (same as those for the

16047A

Test Fixture).

DC bias up to

±35V can b e applied with using the

4192A

(a protective cover provides f or operator safety).

Cable length: approximately

40 cm

HP 1 6 047C 1 6047C High Frequency Test F ix ture:

Test Fixture (direct attachment type) especially appro­ priat e for high frequen cy measurements requiring high accuracy. Two screw knobs f acilitate and ensure optimum contact of electrodes and sample leads. Maximum appl ied de bias voltage is

±35V.

1-19

Section I

Table 1 - 4

HP 16048A

Model 4 192A

Model

Table 1-4. Accessories Available (Sheet 2 of 4)

Descri pti on

16048A Test Leads with BNC Connector:

Test Leads (four tenuinal pair) with BNC connectors for connecting user-fabricated test fixtures.

Maximum applied de bias voltage is ±200V (refer to

Figure 3-34).

C able length: I m

HP 16048B

HP 16048C

HP 16034B

16048B Test Leads with R F Miniature Connectors:

Test Lead ( four terminal pair) with miniature RF con­ nectors suitable for connecting user-fabricated test fixtures in systems applications.

Maximum applied dc bias voltage is ±200V (refer to

Figure 3-34).

C able length: l m

16048C Tes t Leads with Alli gator Cli ps:

Test Leads with dual alligator clips for testing components of various shapes and sizes at frequencies below 1 00kHz.

Applicable measurement ranges:

Capacitance

>

1 000p F

Inductance

>

1 00 J.LH

Maximum applied dc bias voltage is ±3SV.

C able length: I m

16034B Test F ix ture for Chip Components:

Test Fixture (tweezer type) for measurement of miniature, leadless components such as chip capacitors. Employs a three terminal configuration tweezer probe suitable for high impedance component measurements (above SOn).

Maximum applied de b ias voltage is ±3SV.

C able length: I

In

1-20

Mode1 4192A

HP 16095A

16097A

Section I

Table 14

Model

Table 1-4. Acce ssories Available (Sheet 3 of 4)

Description

HP 16095A Probe Fix ture:

For probe impedance measurements on board-mounted components or entire circuits. Low lead can be floated or grounded. OSC OUTPUT connect or is provided for am­ plitude-phase measurements. Following data is specified when BNC a da pter is used:

Stray capa citan ce � ISpF

Residual in ductan ce: � 40nH

Residual resistance : � JOOm n

Following parts are furnished.

Part HP Part N o.

Center pins for probe ( 1 0 ea.)

Alligator clip for ground

BNC (mal e) ada pter

Alligator clip adapter

16095-600 1 2

16095-6 1 6 1 1

16095-600 1 1

16095-6 16 1 2

Groun d pin s (5 ea., HP Part No. 1 6095-65001 ) are also available (not furnished).

16097A Accessory Kit (with carrying case):

Contain s the following accessories for circuit measurements:

1 1 094B 75 n Feedthrough (2 ea.)

1 1095A 600n Feedthrough (2 ea.)

1 1 070B 60cm BNC cable (2 ea.)

1 1 170C

1 20cm BNC cable (2 ea .)

1 00 1 3A 1 0 : 1 Scope probe (2 ea. )

1 0007B 1 : 1 Scope probe (2 ea.)

16047C Test Fixture

1 6048C

Test Leads

1 6095A Probe Fixture

1-2 1

Section

I

Table 1·4

16096A

Mode1 4l92A

Model

Table 1-4. Accessories Available (Sheet 4 of 4)

Description

16096A Test Fix ture:

To alternately make amplitude/phase measurements and input i mpedance measurements on two-port devices. Fol­ lowing data is specified at BNC connectors:

Residual Impedan ces (after zero offset adjustment):

Stray capacitance

�

O.O l pF

Residual Inductance: :s;;: ( lOO + 0.5F')nH

Residual resistan ce

:

�

(50 + 5F') m.l"l

Error in amplitude/phase measurements (aft er cable com­ pensation) :

B·-A error : ±O. l dB

Phase error: ±O.lo

A, B error : ± (0.1 + 0.06F') dB

Input i mpedance of CHANNEL A/B : I M.I"l shunted by less than 1 5pF.

Following parts are furnished:

Part H P Part No.

Textool® Grid zip test socket kit

1 6 096-6500 I

BNC (male) to dual alligator clip cable

16096-6 1 6 1 4

(4 ea.)

BNC (male) to SMC cable

16096-6 1 6 1 1

(4 ea.)

Banana plug to alligator clip cable 16096-6 1 6 1 3

BNC (male) - BNC (male) cable

(90cm)

BNC T adapt er

16096-6 1 6 1 5

1 250-078 1

1-22

Model 4192A

Section

II

Paragraphs 2-1 to 2-9

SECTION 1 1

INSTALLATION

2·1. INTRODUCTION

2-2. This section provides installation instr uctions for the Model 4 1 92A Impedance An alyzer. The section al so in cl udes inf ormation on initial in spection and damage claims, preparation for using the 4 1 92A , packaging, storage, an d shipment.

2·3.

I N ITIAL INSPECTION

2·4. The 4 192A Impedance Analyzer , as shipped from the factory, meets all the specification s listed in Tabl e

I -I. Upon r eceipt, inspect the shipping container for damage. If the shipping container or cushion ing material is damaged, it should be kept until the contents of the shipment have been checked for completeness and the in­ strument has been checked mechanicall y and electrically.

The contents of the shipment should be as shown in

Figure H . The pr ocedures for checking electrical per­ f or mance are given in Section rn, paragraph

3-7,

Self Test and in Section

IV,

Performance Tests. If the shipment is incomplete, if the in strument is damaged in any way, or if the instr ument does n ot pass the Perfor mance Tests, n otify the nearest Hewlett-Packard off i ce. If the shipping container is damaged, n otify the carrier as well as Hewlett­

Packard. K eep the shipping materials f or the carrier's inspection . The HP office will arrange for repair or re­ placement without waiting for claim settlement.

WARNING

THIS IS A SAFETY CLASS I PRODUCT (PRO­

VIDED WITH A PROTECTIVE EARTH TERMI­

NAL). AN UNINTERRUPTlBLE SAFETY EARTH

GROUND MUST BE PROVIDED FROM THE MAIN

POWER SOURCE TO THE INSTRUMENT'S IN­

PUT WIRING TERMINALS, POWER CORD, OR

SUPPLIED POWER CORD SET. WHENEVER THE

SAFETY EARTH GROUND H A S BEEN IM­

PAIRED, TH E INSTRUMENT MUST BE MADE

INOPERATIVE AND BE SECURED AGAINST

ANY UNINTENDED OPERATION. IF THIS IN­

STRUMENT IS TO BE ENERGIZED VIA AN

AUTOTRANSFORMER FOR VOLTAGE REDUC­

TION, MAKE SURE THAT THE COMMON TER­

MINAL IS CONNECTED TO THE EARTH POLE

OF THE POWER SOURCE.

2-8. Line Voltage and Fuse Selection

CAUTION

BEFORE CONNECTING THE INSTRUMENT TO THE

POWER SOURCE, make sure that the correct fuse has been installed and that the line voltage selection switch is set to the correct voltage.

2-5.

2·6.

P R E PARATION FOR USE

Power Requirements

2-7.

The 4 1 92A requires a power source of 1 00, 1 20,

220 Volts ac ± I O%, or 240 Volts ac + 5 % - 1 0%, 48 to

66

Hz single phase; power consumption is 1 50 V A maxi­ mum.

2-9. Figure 2-1 provides instructions for line voltage and fuse sel ection . The line voltage sel ection switch and the pr oper fuse are f actory in stalled for 1 00 or 1 20 volts ac operation . Current ratings for the fuse are printed under the fusehol der on the instrument's r ear-panel and are listed, with

HP part numbers, in Figure 2-1 .

CAUTION

Use the pr oper fuse for the line voltage selected. Make sure that only fuses for the required rated current and of the specified type are used for replacement. The use of mended fuses or short-circuited fuse-holders must be avoided.

Model 4192A

Section II

Paragraphs 2·

1

0 to 2 · 1 5 r----- �

L I N E ----,

VOLTAGE

SELECTOR

F U S E

J

100V�

1 �

240V'"

OO ili

�

AT

250V'"

Line Voltage Selection

Use a screwdriver to set the Lin e Voltage Sel ector switch to the appropriate voltage,

Fuse Removal

Using a screwdriver, turn the f use holder CCW45' or until it pops-out of the fuse socket,

Line Voltage

Fuse Rating

HP Part No,

---

I OOV/120V l .25AT, 250V,

Slow Blow

2 1 10 - 0305

220V/240V

0,6AT, 250V,

Sl ow Bl ow

2 1 10 - 0016

Figure 2·1. Line Voltage and Fuse Selection.

2-10. POWER CABLE needed for selecting the correct power cabl e, contact the nearest Hewlett-Packard office,

2-11, To prot ect operating personnel , the National

Electrical Manufacturer's Association (NE MA) recom­ mends that the instrument panel and cabin et be grounded.

The Model 4 192A is equipped with a three-conductor power cabl e which, when plugged into an app ropriate ac power receptacl e, grounds the instrument. The offset pin on the power cabl e is the ground wire.

2-12, To preserVe the protection feature when operat­ ing the in strument from a two contact outl et, use a three p rong to two prong adapter (HP Part No,

1 2 5 1 -8 1 9 6) and connect the green pigtail on the adapter to power line ground.

C AUTION

The mains plug must only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact . The protective action must n ot be negated by the use of an extension cord (POWER C A BLE) without protective conductor

(GROUNDING),

2·14. Interconnections

2-15, To interconnect the 4192A to an extern al con­ troller or peripheral device using the HP-IB interf ace capability ( IEEE Std, 488/ ANSI-MC I , I), connect the H P­

IB interface cable between the HP-IB connector on the rear panel of the 4 192A and the HP-IB connector on the peripheral device, Refer to paragraph 3-109 for details on the H P-lE.

When an external frequen cy synthesizer is used, remove the cabl e connected between the VCO OUTPUT and

EXT VC O connectors (located on the 4192A 's rear panel), connect the OUTPUT of the external frequen cy

When an X-V recorder is used, connect the RECORDER

2-13, Figure 2-2 shows the avail abl e power cords which OUTPUTS conn ectors (l ocated on the 4192A's rear may be used in various countries. Also shown is the stan dard power cord f urnished with the instrument. HP

Part n umbers, applicabl e standards f or p ower plug, power cord color, electrical characteristics and countries using each power cord are listed in the f igure. If assistan ce is synthesizer to the EXT VCO connector, an d connect the

I MHz or 10MHz REFERENCE OUTPUT of the external frequen cy synthesizer t o the 4192A 's EXT REFERENCE connector, Refer to p aragraph 3-131 for detail s on using an external frequency synthesizer. panel) to the X and Y axes connectors of the X-V re­ corder. If the X-V recorder is equipped with remote TTL pen lift control , connect the 4192A's PEN LIFT con­ nector to the X-V recorder's pen lift terminal . Refer t o paragraph 3-137 f or details on using an X-V recorder.

2-2

Mode1 4192A

Section

11

Figure 2-2

Australia/ New Zealand OPTION 900 United Kingdom

�

Earth

�"Of----- Neutral

Line

Plug : BS 1363A, 250V

Cable : HP 8 1 20- 1 3 5 1

OPTION 902 European Co n ti n e n t

Earth

Earth

Plug : CEE-VII, 250V

Cable : HP 8 1 20- 1 689

OPTION 905**

..

Line

�

Neut"l

Any country

OPTION 901

Line

�Neutral

Plug : N ZSS 198/ AS C I 1 2, 250V

Cable : HP 8 1 20-1369

OPTION 903

U.S./Canada

Neutral _-----

Plug : N EM A 5-15P, 125V, 15A

Cable : HP 8120- 1378

OPTION 906

Switzerland

Plug : CEE 22-VI, 250V

Cable : HP 8120-1396

OPTION 9 1 2

___

Line

Earth

Denmark

Line

�

----Earth

Plug : SEV 1 0 1 1 . 1 9 59-24507 Type 1 2, 250V

Cable : H P 8 1 20-2104

�

Line

Neutral

Plug : DHCR 107, 220V

Cable : HP 8 1 20-2956

N OTE : Each option number includes a ' family ' of cords and connectors of various materials and plug body configurations (straight, 9 0 0 etc.).

* *

Plug option 905 is frequently used for interconnecting system components and peripherals.

Figure 2-2. Power Cables Supplied.

2-3

2-4

Section

11

Paragraphs 2-1 6 to 2-22

Model 4 1 92A

2-16. Operating Environment

2-17.

Temperature. The instrument may be operated in environments with ambient temperatures from

00

C to

+55°C.

2-20.

The

4192A can be operated on a bench or can be rack-mounted. The

4192A is ready for bench operation as shipped from the fact ory. For bench operation, the instrument is equipped with two retractable legs that are l ocated on the bottom cover. They are extended by pulling them away from the bottom cover.

2-18 .

Humidit y . The instrument may be operated in environments with rel ative humidities to

95 % at

40°C.

2·21. I nstallation of Options 907, 908 and 909

However, the instrument shoul d be protected from temperature extremes which cause condensat ion within

2-22.

The

4192A can be rack-mounted and operated as the instrument. part of a measurement system. Rack mounting informa­ tion for the

4192A is given in Figure

2-3 .

2-19. INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS

O p t i o n

907

908

909

Kit

Part Number

Handle Kit

5061-0091

Parts

Included

Front Handle

Trim Strip

# 8-32 x

3/8

Screw

Rack Fl ange Kit

5061-0079

L_�.

Rack Fl ange

&

Handl e Kit

5061-0085

Rack Mount Flange

# 8-32 x

3/8

Screw

I

Front Handle

Rack Mount Flange

# 8-32 x

5/8

Screw

!

Part Number

G)

5060-9901

5060-8898

2510-0195

0

5020-8864

2510-0193

G)

5060-9901

5020-8876

2510-0194

I

Q'ty

Remarks

�ll

, ,,, m

__

2

6

1

._9.525 mm

2

2

I

6 15.875 mm

1 .

2 .

3.

4 .

5 .

Remove the adhesive-backed trim strip from botb sides of the front-panel frame.

CD

H A NDLE INSTALLATION: handles

CV

·

Attach the to both sides of the front-panel frame with the screws provided, and attach trim

RACK MOUNTING: Attach rack mount flange

(3) to both sides of the front-panel frame with the screws provided.

H ANDLE AND RACK MOUNTING: Attach front handle

@ and rack mount flange

(B to both sides of the front-panel frame with screws provided.

When rack mounting

(3 and

4 above), remove the four instrument feet (lift tab, and slide the foot in the direction of the t ab).

Figure 2·3. Rack Mount Kits.

Model

4192A

2-23 . STORAGE AND SHIPMENT

2-24. Environment

2-25. The in strument should be stored in a clean , dry environment. The following environmental limitations apply t o both storage and shipment:

Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55°C to

+75°C

Humidity . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . to 95% (at

4

0

°

C )

The instrument should b e protected from temperature extremes which cause condensation inside the instrument.

2-26. Packaging

2-27. Original Packaging. C ontainers and material s identical to those used in factory packaging are availabl e through Hewl ett-Packard offices. If the instrument is being returned to Hewlett-Packard f or serVicing, att ach a tag indicating the type of service required, return address, model number, and full serial n umber. Also mark the container FRAGILE to assure careful han dling. In any correspondence, refer to the in strument by model number an d full serial number.

Section

11

Paragraphs

2-23 to 2-28

2-28. Other Packaging. The following general in struc­ tions should be used for repackaging with commercially av ail abl e materials: a. .wrap in strument in heav y paper or plastic. If shipping to Hewl ett-Packard office or serv ice center, attach tag indicating type of service required, return address, model n umber, and full serial n umber. b . Use strong shipping container. A double-walled carton made of 350 poun d test material is adequate. c. Use enough shock absorbing material (3 to

4 in ch layer) aroun d all sides of the instrument t o prov ide a finn cushion and prevent mov ement inside con­ tainer. Protect front-panel with cardboard. d. Seal shipping container securely. e. Mark shipping container FRAGILE to ensure care­ ful handling. f.

In any correspon dence, refer to instrument by model number and f ull serial number.

2-5

Model 4192A

Section In

Paragraphs

3-1 and 3·2

SECTION III

OPIRATlON

3-1.

INTRODUCTION

3-2.

This section provides all the inf or mation neces­ sary to opera te the Model 4 1 92A LF Impedance

Analyzer. Included are descriptions of the front- and r ear-panel contr ol s, displays, lamps, and connectors; discussions on operating procedures and measuring techniques for various application s; and instructions on the in strument's SELF TEST function. A break-down of the contents of this section is given in Figure

3- L

Warnings, Cautions, and Notes are given throughtout; they should be car efully observed to secur e the safety of the operator and the serviceability of the instrumen t.

WARNING

BEFORE THE INSTRUMENT IS SWITCHED ON,

ALL PROTECTIVE EARTH TERMINALS, EX­

TENSION CORDS, AUTO-TRANSFORlII.ERS AND

DEVICES CONNECTED TO IT SHOULD B E

CONNECTED TO A PROTECTIVE EARTH

GROUNDED SOCKET. ANY INTERRUPTION OF

THE PROTECTIVE EARTH GROUNDING WILL

CAUSE A POTENTIAL SHOCK HAZARD THAT

COULD RESULT IN PERSONAL INJURY.

ONLY FUSES WITH THE REQUIRED RATED

CURRENT AND OF THE SPECIFIED TYPE

SHOULD BE USED. DO NOT USE REPAIRED

FUSES OR SHORT CIRCUITED FUSEHOLDERS.

TO DO SO COULD CAUSE A SHOCK OR FIRE

HAZARD.

Caution: Before the instrument is switched on, it must be set to the voltage of the power source, or damage to the instrument may result.

Operating Instructions

(paragraphs

3-3 thru

3-33)

Amplitude Phase Measurement

(paragraphs

3-34 thm

3-66)

Impedance Measurement

(paragraphs

3-67 thm

3-108)

;

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I r

-

Ext

;;d; d

C a p a bU itles-

-

- - -1

HP-lB Interface

(paragraphs

3-109 thru

3-130)

I

I

I

I

I

Recorder Outputs

(paragraphs

3-1 3 1 thm

3-136)

External Synthesizer

(paragraphs

3-137 and

3-138)

I

I

I

I

I

:

Internal Control Switch

(paragraphs

3-139 and

3-140)

L

_ _ _

-

- -

- -

-

- -

-'

:

:

I

I

I

I

1

Figure 3fi1. Contents of Section

III

3-1

Section

III

Paragraphs

3·3 to 3·6

3-3_ OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

Model 4192A

3-5.

Panel Features

3-4, Operating in struction s for the instrument's basic capabilities are given in paragraphs 3-5 through 3-33.

Operating instruction s f or extended capabilities (remote operation via the HP-lB, XY Recorder Outputs, External

Synthesizer, and Internal Control Switches) are covered in paragraphs 3-109 through 3-140.

3-6, Front- and rear-panel features are described in

Figures 3-2 and 3-3, respectively. More detail ed informa­ tion on the panel displ ays an d controls is given starting in p aragraph 3-7.

(D

--if-+-

-==:-.".

___

O,SPLAV

� ___

..,

•

L,;I .U

J U r-------------,I

I

B O D O D O I]

.

,,

";;

•. cJ" ,,,'S " �

. .

I o 0 0 0

0

" !lAI'G'

'"'0 �'�,"">L � o G @] @] G G G o

LINE O F F/ON

Applies ac line power to the in strument when set to the ON position , Removes ac lin e power when set to the OFF position. eD

Trigger Lamp:

Comes on each time the instrument is internally, externally, or manually triggered. Trigger mode is set by the TRIGGER keys

®

D ISPLAY A :

<8 .

Displays the measured val ue of the p arameter set by the DISPLAY A Fun ction Select Keys

Also displ ays error codes and messages, SELF

TEST

@ results, ZERO offset and the HP-IB address

@ information , in Figure 3-3). Maxi­ mum 4Y2 digits; max imum display is 1 9999 for L and C measurements, 1 2999 for other parameter measurements. Number of display digits depends on OSC LEVEL

@ and the measuring range.

Display ann un ciators light to indicate the units of the displ ayed value.

G)

D ISPLAY B :

Displays the measured value of the paramet er set by the DISPLAY B Function Sel ect K eys display digits depends on OSC LEVEL

@. to indicate the units of the displ ayed value.

If the measurement cannot be made, OF2 or - - is displ ayed. When DISPLAY A Function set to A (dBm/dBV) or B (dBm/dBV), this dis­ play is bl ank. Max imum 4% digits; maximum dis­ play is 18000 for phase

(8) measurements, 1 2999 for ot her parameter measurements. Number of

@ is and the measuring range. Display ann un ciators light

Figure 3·2. Front Panel Features (Sheet 1 of 10)

3-2

Mode1 4192A Section HI

Figure 3-2

®

Test Parameter Data Display ( DISPLAY C ) :

Displays test parameter values (FREQ. BIAS, and

OSC LEVEL). Test para meters are set by the test

PARAMETER Select keys

@.

Max imum

7% digits for frequency;

4% digits for OSC LEVEL and DC BIAS. Annun ciator l amps, l ocated to the right of the display, light to in dicate the units of the displayed value. Also displays errOr codes, overflow annunciation, and in formation related to the SAVE fun ction. o

BIAS ON Indicator:

C omes on when dc bias is a pplied to the DUT; goes off when the BIAS OFF key

@ is pressed.

CD

6f6 % Keys and Indicators:

These keys - one for DISPLAY A and one for

DISPLAY B -are used for deviation ( 6) or per­ cent deviation (.6.%) measurement. For percent deviation (6 %), the

(8lue I before the 6/6% key. key

@ must be pressed

6 (Delta) : The difference between the measured value of the DUT and a previously stored reference value is displayed by pressing t his key. The formula used to cal culate t he deviation is

6%:

A - B where A is t he measured value of the

DUT and B is the stored referen ce value

The differen ce between the measured value of the DUT and a previously stored reference value is displayed as a percentage of t he reference value.

The formula used to calculate the per­ cent deviation is

A

B

B X l OO (%) where A is the measured value of the

DUT and B is the stored reference value. o

CHAN N E L B (TEST I N PUT) Connector:

Used in conjunction with CHANNEL A

OSC OUTPUT

@

0 and in transmission characteristics measurements, i.e., gain/loss (B-A), level ( A or

B), phase, group delay. Output port of the net­ work under test is connected to this connector.

Input impedance is

I

Mn

±

2%, shunted by 25 pF

±

5 pF. Maximum input voltage is AC 2 Vrms and DC

±

35V.

@

CHANN E L A ( R E F E R ENCE INPUT) Connector:

Used in conjunction with CHANNEL B

OSC OUTPUT

0 and in tran smission characteristics measurements, i.e., gain/l oss (B-A), l evel ( A or

B), phase, group delay. The 5 H z - 1 3 MHz signal from OSC OUTPUT

@ is simultaneously appl ied to the input port of the network under test and t his connector. In put impedance, shunt capa­ citance, and max imum in put voltage of CHAN­

NEL A are the same as t hose of CHANNEL B

0

.

CABLE LENGTH Switch:

This switch has meaning in impedance mea sure­ ments only. It facilitates balancing of the measur­ ing bridge circuit and minimizes measurement errors when the stan dard

I meter test l eads are used.

I m: Set the switch to this position when using the standard

I meter test l eads. A ppropriate compensation is made for propagation delay and phase error caused by the test leads in high frequency measurements.

0: Set the switch to this position when using a direct altachment type t est fixture ( connects to the UNKNOWN terminals

@).

DSC OUTPUT Connector:

Used in conjun ction with CHANNEL A

CHANNEL B in tran smission chara cteristics measurements, Le, gain/loss ( B-A), level ( A or B), phase, group delay. Provides a 5Hz to 13 MHz stimulus signal for the network under test (output of n et work is connected to CHANNEL B the referen ce signal for CHANNEL A impedance is approximately 50 n.

0

0

0) and and

. Output

@

U N K N OWN Terminals:

Used for impedance/phase measurements I

Z

I,

I Y I , R, G, L, C , X, B, phase - these four BNC connectors provide the means to connect DUT's

-- components or n et works - in a four terminal pair configuration : High current terminal (HcuR),

High potential terminal (HPOT), Low current terminal ( LcUR ), and Low potential terminal

( LpOT). Four terminal pair test fixture attaches directly to these terminals.

G ROUND Terminal:

This terminal is tied to the instrument's chassis ground and can be used in measurements that require guarding.

Figure 3.-2. Front Panel Features (Sheet 2 of 10)

3-3

Model 4192A Section HI

Figure 3·2 r

I

"'"

""

-r

'"

--- - - --

-

-

'H, "'�

" ' " -" 0

-

;

...0< 1

- -

"�J o 0 0 0

0 tQJ

�N��O"'N

,<�':&',� �"":;_"

CABle

® ® ® ®

�

@

®

HP,IB Status Indicators and LOCAL key:

These four LED lamps - SRQ, LISTEN, TALK , and REMOTE - indicate the status of the 4 192A when it is in terfaced with a con troller v ia the

HP,IE"

The LOC A L key, when p ressed, releases the in ' strument f rom REMOTE (HP,IB) control and enabl es front-panel con troL The LOC A L key does not f unction when the in strument is set to l ocal l ockout by the controll er.

DISPLAY A Function Select Keys and I ndicators:

These keys

-

(QJ an d

[ill junction with the C IRCUIT MODE keys sel ect the primary measurement parameter f or display on DISPLAV A" The sel eetable parameters are I Z I / I V I , R/G, L, C , B-A (dB), A (dBm/dBV), or B (dBm/dBV)" The sel ected p arameter is in­ dicated by the corresponding LED lamp" Pressing either of these keys shif ts the sel ected parameter in the indicated direction

( @]

I Z I / I V I : When C IRC UIT MODE

A UTO or o-C:I-Wro , the instrument measures I Z I (absolute v alue of the

DUT's impedan ce) and e

(phase angle) in degrees or radians (depends on DIS­

PLAY A Fun ction

, are used in con­

[QJ

®

)

"

@ to is set to setting); the resul ts are displayed on DISPLA V A

( I Z I ) and DISP LA V B

(0) to provide a polar represen tation ( I Z ILO) of the

DUT's impedance" When C IRC UIT

R/G:

L:

MODE

@ is set to

�

, the inst­ rumen t measures I

V

I (absol ute value of the DUT's admittance) and

0

(phase angle) in degrees or radians; the re­ sults are displayed on DISPLA V A

( IV I ) and DISPLA V B

(0) to p rovide a polar representation ( IV ILO) of the

DUT's admittance"

When C IRC UIT MODE

� ,

@ is set to the in strument measures R

(resistance of the D UT) and

X

(react­ an ce of the DUT); the results are dis­ played on DISPLA V A (R) and DIS­

P LA V B

(X) to provide a rectangular

(Cartesian) representation (R±jX) of the DUT's impedance"

When C IRCUIT MODE

� ,

@ is set to the in strumen t measures G

(conductance) and B (susceptance); the results are displayed on DISPLA V

A (G) and DISP LAV B (B) to p rovide a rectangular (Cartesian ) represen ta­ tion (G ±jB) of the DUT's admittan ce"

Measures inductance and - depending on the setting of DISPLA V B Func­ tion

®

MODE

sipation f actor), or R/G (equiv al en t series resistan ce or equivalent parallel conductan ce [to measure G, C IRC UIT

@

Q (quality factor), D (dis­ must be set to

�\);

Figure 3·2. Front Panel Features (Sheet 3 of 10)

3-4

Model 4192A Section In

Figure 3·2

C : the results are displayed on DISPLAY

A and DISPLAY B, respectively.

Measures capacitance and depending on the setting of DISPLAY B Func­ tion

®

Q (quality factor), D (dis­ sipation factor, or R/G (equivalent series resistance or equivalent parallel conductance [ to measure G, CIRCUIT

MODE

@ must be set to

� l ) ; the results are displayed on DISPLAY

A

0 and DISPLAY B

(�) respectively.

B-A (dB) : Measures the relative amplitude of the reference input (CHANNEL A the test input (CHANNEL B

0

0

) and

). The result is displayed on DISPLAY A

0

.

Also measures group delay or phase in degrees or radians (selected by D IS­

PLAY B Function

®).

The value displayed on DISPLAY A o is the gain or loss of the network under test. Group delay or phase is displayed on D ISPLA Y B

0.

A (dB m/dB V) :

Measures the absolute amplitude of the reference input (CHANNEL A

0

) in dBm or dBV (selected by GAIN

MODE Select key

@). is displayed on DISPLAY

Amplitude

AG).

When this parameter is selected, D IS­

PLAY B Function

® has no select­ able parameters and DISPLAY B

0 is blank.

B (dBm/dBV) :

Measures the absolute amplitude of the test input (CHANNEL B

0); identical to A (dBm/dBV) in all other respects.

DISPLAY B Function Select Key and Indicators :

This key

J

[Q)

, is used in conjunction with the

CIRCUIT MODE keys

@ to select the secondary measurement parameter for display on DISPLAY

B

0-

Selectable parameters are e

(phase), Q

(quality factor), D (dissipation factor), R/G (equi­ valent series resistance or equivalent parallel con� duetance), and GROUP DELAY. Phase

(0) can only be selected when DISPLAY A Function

® is set to I Z I / I Y I or B-A (dB); Q, D, and R/G, only when DISPLAY A Function is set to L or C ;

GROUP DELAY, only when DISPLAY A Func­ tion is set to B-A (dB).

The selected parameter is indicated by the corres­ ponding LED lamp.

Pressing this key shifts the selected parameter in

, the indicated direction e

( @] ).

(deg) : Measures, in degrees, the phase angle of I z I (absolute impedance of the

DUT) or I Y I (absolute admittance of the DUT). e (rad) : Measures, in radians, the phase angle of I Z

I

(absolute impedance of the

DUT) Or I Y I (absolute admittance of the DUT).

X/B :

Q :

D :

These parameters are automatically selected when DISPLAY A Function

@ is set to R/G. X is the reactance of DUT's impedance ; B is the sus­ ceptance o f the DUT's admittance.

Measures the quality factor of the

DUT. DISPLAY A Function

® must be set to L (inductance) or C (capac­ itance).

Measures the dissipation factor of the

DUT. DISPLAY A Function

® must be set to L (inductance) or C (capac­ tance).

RIG : Measures the resistance or conductance of the DUT. DISPLAY A Function

® must be set to L (inductance) or C

(capacitance). CIRCUIT MODE keys

@ detennine which of the two para­ meters (R or G) is selected.

GROUP DELAY: e

Measures the group delay between the reference input (CHANNEL A and test input (CHANNEL B

0

0

)

). Can only be selected when DISPLAY A

Function

® is set to B-A (dB).

(deg) : Measures, in degrees, the phase differ­ e ence between the reference input

(CHANNEL A

0

) and test input

(CHANNEL B

G)l.

Can only be selected when DISPLAY A Function

® is set to B-A (dB).

(rad) :

Measures, in radians, the phase differ­ ence between the reference input

(CHANNEL A

0

) and test input

(CHANNEL B

0

)

. selected when DISPLAY A Function

@ is set to B-A (dB).

Can only be

Figure 3·2. Front Panel Features <Sheet 4 of 10)

3-5

Section HI

Figure 3·2

Model 4192A o 0 0 0

0

I@

,,�;"-�'�f� l�\t

@ @ @ @ �

�

�'O�'I'-O/ r:o ��w

�

,

�;)

G ,,,,,,,O,

!'O",,,,,,,,illil'_ a"",O· i;;;:]l!dlilEl

@) @)

@

Tes t PARAMETER Select Keys and Indicators:

These keys are used in conjunction with the

DATA input keys

BLUE key

®

@,

ENTER keys

@, and the to assign values to the various test parameters; to monitor the test parameters; to save and recall front-panel control settings; and to input reference data for deviation and percent deviation (M t;%

0) measurements. Pressing a test parameter key will cause the value of the selected test parameter to be displayed on the

Test Parameter Data Display

@.

Lighted indi­ cator lamp (center of each key) indicates selected test parameter. Only one test parameter can be selected. Test parameters labelled in blue are accessible by first pressing the BLUE key

@.

SPOT FREQ/BIAS:

For single point measurements. Sets the spot frequency and spot bias.

When spot bias is set, BIAS ON In­ dicator

@ lights.

Figure 3·2. Front Panel Features (Sheet

5 of

10)

STEP FREQ/BIAS:

For swept measurements. Sets the step (increment) frequency and step

(increment) bias.

START FREQ/BIAS :

For swept measurements. Sets the start frequency and start bias.

STOP FREQ/BIAS :

For swept measurements. Sets the stop frequency and stop bias.

OSC LEVEL :

Sets the voltage (rrns) o f the internal frequency synthesizer.

REF A : For deviation and percent deviation

(t;/ t;%

0) measurements. Sets the reference value for DISPLAY A.

REF B : For deviation and percent deviation

(!i/ t;%

0) measurements. Sets the reference value for DlSPLA Y B .

3-6

Model 4192A

TEST LEVEL MONITO R Key and I ndicator:

Pressing this key displays the level of the test signal applied to the DUT or, if the BLUE key

@ is first pressed, the current through the DUT on the Test Parameter Data Display

0-

The ap­ propriate annunciator lamp will light.

DATA Input Keys:

These keys (0 thru

9, decimal point, and minus sign) are used to input test parameter values, register numbers for SAVE

@ and RCL

@ functions, and reference data for DlSPLA Y A

(REF A) and DISPLAY B (REF B) deviation measurements (b./ l:>%

0).

Data is displayed on the Test Parameter Data Display

0as it is input.

Each key has a con trol function - labelled in blue above the key - which is accessible via the BLUE key

@.

These control functions are explained individually in

0 thru

@).

E NT E R Keys:

These keys instruct the instrument to read the test parameter data and reference data set by the

PARAMETER Select keys keys

@.

Data are not input until one of these keys is pressed.

@ and DATA Input

DATA Input keys

@ in MHz for frequency parameters or V for bias parameters.

Section III

Figure 3·2

DATA Input keys

@ in kHz for frequency parameters or ill

V for bias parameters.

Hz, REF DATA:

DATA Input key

@ in Hz for fre· quency parameters or as reference data for deviation measurements.

RCL (Recall) Key:

This key is used to return the instrument to the front-panel control settings, test parameter values, calihration data (ZERO OPEN/SHORT

@), and reference data saved by the SAVE key

DATA Input keys

@

@.

0 thru 4 are used t o select the desired register. For example, to return the register 0, press

'E:�r an

� .

SAVE Key:

This key is used to save (store) front-panel con­ trol settings, test parameter values, calibration data (ZERO OPEN/SHORT

0), and reference data. There are five registers (0 thru 4), so five sets of control settings can be saved. And because the registers are nonvolatile, saved control settings can be recalled (RCL key

@) even if the instru­ tr01 settings, press

'8 and enter the register number from the DATA Input keys

@

.

Figure 3·2. Front Panel Features (Sheet

6 of 10)

3-7

Section In

Figure 3-2

Model 4192A o 0 0 0

0

3-8

SWEEP Control Keys and Indicator:

These keys control the instrument's sweep func­ tion. Frequency, bias voltage, and oscillator level can b e swept. (Oscillator level can be swept in

MAN. mode only.) BIAS ON Indicator eD must be on for bias voltage sweep; off for frequency sweep. The MAN AUTO key controls the sweep mode. Indicator comes on in AUTO mode. The functions of the other keys are described below for each m ode. For log sweep, press the LOG

SWEEP key

@).

AUTO

START UP :

Starts the frequency or bias voltage sweep from the value set by the

START FREQ./BIAS test parameter key

@.

Sweeps up at the increment

(step) set by the STEP FREQ./BIAS test parameter key

@

.

Also restarts the sweep after aPAUSE.

PAUSE : Temporarily stops the sweep to allow the sweep step or sweep direction to be changed. Sweep is restarted by pressing the START UP or START

DOWN key.

START DOWN :

Starts the frequency or bias voltage sweep from the value set by the STOP

FREQ./BIAS test parameter key

@.

Sweeps down at the increment (step) set by the STEP FREQ./BIAS test parameter key

@.

Also restarts the sweep after a PAUSE.

MAN.

STEP UP : Each time this key is pressed, the fre­ quency or bias voltage is incremented by the value set by the STEP FREQ./

BIAS test parameter key

@'

If the

OSC LEVEL or TEST LEVEL MON­

ITOR key is pressed, oscillator level will be incremen ted by I m V (when level is less than lOO m V) or 5 m V

Figure 3-2. Front Panel Features (Sheet

7 of

10)

Mode1 4192A

(when level is greater than

100 m V) each time this key is pressed. Sweep becomes continuous when this key is pressed and held.

X I O STEP :

This key is used with the STEP

[Q] or STEP DOWN

@)

UP key. Holding this key down while pressing STEP UP or STEP DOWN increases the sweep step value by a factor of ten.

STEP DOWN :

Each time this key is pressed, the fre­ quency or bias voltage is decremented by the value set by the STEP FREQ./

BIAS test parameter key

@.

If the

OSC LEVEL key or TEST LEVEL

MONITOR key is pressed, oscillator level will be decremented by I m V

(when level is less than

100 m V) or

5 m V (when level is greater than

100 m V) each time this key is pressed.

Sweep becomes continuous when this key is pressed and held.

T R I G G E R :

These keys select the trigger mode for triggering measurement (Internal, External or Hold/Manual) :

INT : Internal trigger signal enables instru­ ment to make repeated automatic measurements. Measurement speed varies depending on the type of meas­ urement, oscillator frequency, and whether normal, average, or high speed is selected.

EXT :

Measurement is triggered by external trigger signal through rear panel EXT

TRIGGER input connector (

(D in

Figure

3-3).

HOLD/MANUAL :

Measurement is triggered each time this key is pushed. Measurement data is held until the next time the key is pressed.

ZY RANGE Select Keys and Indicator;

In impedance measurements, these keys select the measurement range and ranging method of the absolute value of impedance ( I Z I :

1 n - I M n) or admittance ( I Y I : l OllS - lOllS).

Section III

Figure 3·2

AUTO (when indicator is lit) :

Optimum range for the sample value is automatically selected.

MANUAL (when indicator is not lit) :

Measurement range is fixed (even when the sample is changed). Manual ranging is done by pressing adjacent

DOWN

( @)

) or UP

(

[Q]

) key.

Note: Pressing DO WN

(

@) ) or UP

( [Q] ) key sets the ranging mode to Manual even if the ranging mode was set to A UTa.

GAIN MODE Selector Key:

In amplitude/phase measurements, these keys select the appropriate unit for A (absolute ampli­ tude of reference input) and B (absolute amplitude of test input). dBm :

Displays absolute amplitude in dBm

(=20

10g!O V

+ 13.01). dBV :

Displays absolute amplitude in dBV

(=20 log!o

V)·

C I RCUIT MODE Selector Key:

These keys select desired measurement circuit mode to be used for R/G, C, or L measurement.

AUTO : Automatically selects appropriate parallel or series equivalent circuit for the sample value. When ZY RANGE

@ up-ranges from the l kn ( I O ms) range to

10 kn ( l ms) range, circuit mode changes from o-Cl-Wroto

When ZY RANGE

®

�

. down-ranges from the lOOn ( l OOms) range to

I O n ( l s) range, circuit mode changes from

� too-Cl-Wro. o-t::::l-Wro:

Selects equivalent series circuit.

�

:

Selects equivalent parallel circuit.

Note: In

I Z I /I Y I measurements, ranging does not affect the measurement circuit mode.

CIRCUIT MODE keys are used to select

I Z l o r

I Y I .

When the circuit mode is set to A UTa or o-Cl-Wro , I Z I is selected; when the circuit mode is set to

�

.

I Y I is selected.

Figure 3·2. Front Panel Features (Sheet 8 of 10)

3-9

Section III

Figure 3·2

Model 4192A

O"U _�. o

�Icc=

IJ n J n

==

'Ra ">l'. '"" "'"0"

0 0 0 0

0 r©

,�'�y:io;"���

��'!,\�

@ @ @ @ �

!:�

GA'�

_

"'0',,, fiIIM

G G G

Note: The nine secondary functions,@thru@ of the DA TA Input keys@are accessible by first pressing the

BLUE

key@

@

B IAS O F F Key:

This key disables internal de bias operation.

@

When this key is pressed, no de bias is applied to the DUT and BIAS ON indicator

0 goes off.

Z E R O Offset Keys and Indicators:

These keys perfonn compensation for the residuals present in the test fixture, test leads, and meas­ urement circuit. ZERO offset can be performed for one spot frequency only. If the spot frequen­ cy in changed, ZERO offset must be performed again.

OPEN :

If this key is pressed when the test fixture or test leads are terminated

OPEN and the indicator is off, meas­ ured value at this time is stored as residual admittance

(G + jB) data and the indicator comes on. While the indicator is on, compensation for the residuals is made.

SHORT : If this key is pressed when the test fixture or test leads are SHORTed and the indicator is off, measured value at this time is stored as residual imped­ ance (R

+ jX) data and the indicator comes on. While the indicator is lit, compensation for the residuals is made.

®

AVERAGE Key and Indicator:

This key sets the

4192A to the average measure­ ment mode. In the average measurement mode

(when the indicator is lit), measurement data has a higher resolution and repeatability than meas­ urement data in the normal or high speed meas­ urement mode. This function is released by repressing the key after pressing the Blue key

® or by setting the

4192A to the high speed meas­ urement mode

@.

Figure �2. Front Panel Features (Sheet 9 of

10)

3-10

Model 4192A

®

H I GH SPE E D Key and Indicator:

This key sets the 4 1 92A to the high speed meas­ urement mode. In the high speed measurement mode (when the indicator is lit), measurement time is shorter (approximately

Y2) than the measurement time in the normal measurement mode. This function is released by repressing the key after pressing the BLUE key

® or by setting the 4 l 92A to the average measurement mode.

(§)

S E L F TEST Key and Indicator:

This key initiates the instrument's SELF TEST function. During SELF TEST (when the in­ dicator is on), six tests, which check the basic functional operation of the instrument, are auto­ matically performed. The results (Pass or Fail) are displayed on DISPLAY A

G)

When the SELF

TEST is completed, this mode is released auto­ matically and normal measurement mode (indi� cator is off) is set.

®

X-V R ECORDER Function Keys and Indicator:

These keys eontrol the instrument's analog out­ put capability. Voltage proportional to the measurement results is output from the X-Y

RECORD OUTPUT connectors (see

@ in Figure

3-3) located on the instrument's rear-panel.

Graphs cau be plotted with this capability.

ON :

Analog data representing the meas­ urement results and test parameter value (frequency/bias) are output from the DISPLAY A, DISPLAY B, aud FREQ./BlAS RECORDER OUT­

PUTS on the rear-panel. Indicator lamp is on in this state.

OFF :

No analog data is output, and X-Y Re­ corder zero- and full-scale adjustments can be made. Indicator lamp is off in this state. t+-

LL :

Provides a reference voltage (OV) from each rear-panel RECORDER OUT­

PUT. Used for zero-scale adjustment of the X-V Recorder. When this key is pushed, the recorder pen will be positioned at the lower-left (X and Y are zero) of the plot area.

Section III

Figure 3-2

UR

-+t :

Provides a reference voltage (1 V) from each rear-panel RECORDER OUT­

PUT. Used for full-scale adjustment of the X-V Recorder. When this key is pushed, the recorder pen will be posi­ tioned at the upper-right (X and Y are maximum) of the plot area.

@

STOR E DSPL A/B Key:

This key simultaneously memorizes the measured values displayed on DISPLAY A

PLAY B

CD

0) and DIS­ as reference values for deviation measurement.

@)

LOG SWEEP Key and Indicator:

This key sets the log sweep mode. In the log sweep mode (when the indicator is on), the fre­ quency is swept at 20 steps/decade. The steps are automatically selected at logarithmic regular intervals between the decade of the START fre­ quency and the decade of the STOP frequency.

STEP. FREQ. has no meaning in log sweep. This pressing the BLUE key

@)

SWEEP ABORT Key:

This key releases sweep frequency (bias voltage) measurement and activates a spot frequency measurement at the frequency (voltage) point where the sweep is aborted.

@

BLUE Key:

This key is pressed prior to pressing a blue label function key to interchange a normal key func­ tion with a blue label function.

This key is pressed to access and release the func­

Test PARAMETER keys

@, and the /',f

'"

% keys e,

DATA Input keys

Figure 3-2. Front Panel Features (Sheet 10 of

10)

3-1 1

Model 4192A Section

HI

Figure 3-3

0

,"r)tf���"

0

,."��L,,,

0

0

I

1111 nn

"

0

I

®

0)

VCO OUTPUT Connector:

Female BNC connector; outputs a

40.000005

MHz to

53

MHz signal from the internal synthesizer.

This connector is normally connected to the EXT vca connector

0 with a short-connector.

CD

EXT VCO Connector:

Female BNC connector; receives a

40.000005

MHz to

53

MHz (input level :

0 dBm

-

3 dBm) signal to generate the measurement frequency ( 5 Hz to

1 3 MHz). This connector can be connected to an external frequency synthesizer for better ac­ curacy, stability, and resolution; or to the instru­ ment's internal synthesizer. Normally connected to the VCO OUTPUT connector

0) with a short­ connector.

0)

EXT R E F E R E N C E Connector:

Female BNC connector; receives a I MHz or

1 0 MHz reference signal from an external signal source to improve the stability of the internal synthesizer. Input impedance is approximately son. o o

1 MHz OUTPUT Connector:

Female BNC connector; outputs a I MHz square wave (2 1 . 6 Vp-p) to phase-lock external instru­ ments. Output impedance is approximately son.

®

HP-IB Control Switch :

This switch sets the instrument's HP-IB address

(0 - 30), data output format (A or B), and inter­ face capability (Talk Only or Addressable).

Specific information on this switch is given in paragrapb 3- 1 1 7.

CB

HP-IB Connector:

Twenty-four pin connector; connects the instru­ ment to the HP-IB for remote operations.

EXT T R I G G E R Connector:

This connector is used to externally trigger the instrument by inputting an external trigger signal.

TRIGGER key on front panel should be set to

EXT. Specific information is provided in para­ graph 3-22.

Figure 3-3. Rear Panel Features (Sheet

1 of

2)

3 - 1 2

Model 4192A

CD

-

L I N E VOLTAGE SE LECTOR Switch:

These switches select the appropriate ac operating voltage. Selectable voltages are

I OOV/ ! 2 0 V ± I O % and 220V ± I O % /240V ± 5 %

- 1 0 % (48 cv 6 6 Hz). Refer t o paragraph 2-8.

CD

-

L I N E FUSE Holder:

Instrument's power-Hne fuse is installed in this holder.

1 00 V/ 120V operation : 1 .25AT, 250V

(HP P /N: 2 1 1 0-0305)

220V/240V operation : 0.6AT. 250V

(HP PIN: 2 1 1 0-00 1 6)

Refer to paragraph 2-8.

®

-

L I N E Input Receptacle:

AC power cord is connected to this receptacle.

Refer to paragraph 2-10.

@

R EC O R D E R OUTPUTS Connectors:

These connectors output de voltages proportional to the measurement display outputs and test fre­ quency (or internal de bias voltage), and a pen control signal for the X-Y recorder. Results of swept (frequency of bias) measurements can be plotted by connecting an X-Y recorder to these connectors.

Section III

Figure 3-3

PEN LIFT connector :

Outputs pen up/down control signal.

When the 4 1 92A is set as follows, this connector outputs a LOW level TTL signal (pen down).

( l ) X-Y RECORDER key on the front-panel is set to ON.

(2) START UP key or START

DOWN key is pressed when X-Y

RECORDER and SWEEP MAN/

AUTO keys on the front-panel are set to ON.

At other times, this connector outputs a HIGH level TTL signal (pen up).

FREQ/BIAS connector :

Outputs voltage proportional to the test frequency or internal de bias volt­ age (from OV at START frequency/ voltage to I V at STOP frequency/ voltage). The output voltage is pro­ portional to the logarithm of the fre­ quency when LOG SWEEP is set to

ON.

DISPLAY B connector :

Outputs voltage proportional to the value displayed on DISPLAY B.

Normalized value is I V (max.).

DISPLAY A connector :

Outputs voltage proportional to the value displayed on DISPLAY A. Nor­ malized value is I V (max.).

Refer to paragraph 3- 1 2 1 for specifics.

Figure 3-3. Rear Panel Features (Sheet 2 of

2)

3-1 3

Section HI

Paragraphs 3· 7 to 3·10

3-7.

S E L F TEST 3-9.

I niti.l Control Settings

Model 4192A

3-8. The 4 1 92A is equipped with an automatic self­ diagnostic function that can be initiated at any time to confinn normal operation of the instrument's basic functions. The SELF TEST can be initiated from the front-panel by pressing the BLUE key and tbe SELF

TEST key, or via HP-lE remote control (program code

S I ). When tbe SELF TEST is initiated (indicator lamp is on), the six tests listed in Table 3-1 are automatically performed and the results (pass code or one of the error codes listed in the table) are displayed on DISPLAY A.

If n o errors are detected, PASS is displayed on DIS­

PLAY A and the instrument is returned to normal measurement mode (SELF TEST indicator is off). If an error is detected, the corresponding error code is displayed on DISPLAY A and the SELF TEST stops.

If the instrument fails the SELF TEST, contact the nearest Hewlctt-Packard Service Office (see list at back of this manual).

Note: A n abbreviated SELF TEST, which includes test

1

(one second only). 2, 3. and

6

(at

1 00 /cH z

only) of the standard SELF TEST, is performed each time the instrument is turned on. During this abbreviated SELF TEST. only error codes are displayed.

3-10. To facilitate operation, the instrument is auto­ matically set to the following initial control settings each time it is turned on:

Panel Controls :

DISPLAY A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Z I

DISPLAY B

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

0

(deg)

Test Parameter Data Display . . SPOT FREQ

BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF

ZERO OPEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF

ZERO SHORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF

AVERAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF

HIGH SPEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF

SELF TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF

X-Y RECORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF

LOG SWEEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF

SWEEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF

CIRCUIT MODE . . . . . . . . AUTO

( o-e::J..w..o)

GAIN MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dBm

ZY RANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AUTO

TRIGGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INT

;;,;;;,% . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF

Table 3-1. 4192A S E L F TEST

Test Number Description

Pass

----- ------

Fail

I

All numerical displays and indicator lamps on the front-panel come on and remain on as long as the SELF TEST key is being pressed. Check that all displays and indicator lamps are on.

P-Ol *

2 Checks four RAM's (Random Access Memory). P-02 E-20, E-2 1

_ ... -

4

6

,

Checks fourteen ROM's (Read Only Memory).

:1 F'�

", illo",,''', ill ili, YW ly done at each decade.

(

Y

�

'

� RO', D"�'",)

,(,m"

Checks that the frequency setting of the internal synthesizer is nonnal-

P-03

P-04

E-30 - E-43

E-SO, E-S I

P-OS i

E-6 1 , E-62

P-06 E-70, E-7 1 , E-72

* P-O I indicates that test I has been completed. It does not mean that the instrument has passed test 1 . The operator must determine whether the instrument has passed or failed this test.

3 - 1 4

Mode1 4192A

Test Parameters :

SPOT FREQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 kHz

STEP FREQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 kHz

STOP FREQ . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 MHz

START FREQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S Hz

OSC LEVEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Vrms

SPOT BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OV

STEP BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 V

START BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 3S V

STOP BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +3S V

REF A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

R� B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O

3-11_ D isplays

3- 1 2. The 4 1 92A has three display sections: DISPLAY

A, D ISPLA Y B, and a Test Parameter Data Display (here­ inafter called DISPLAY C). DISPLAY A and DISPLAY

B are the primary displays; they are described in para­ graphs 3-13 and 3-14, respectively. DISPLAY C is described in paragraph 3- I S. The BIAS ON Indicator is described in paragraph 3- 16.

3- 1 3. DISPLAY A provides direct readout of the primary measurement parameter in amplitude/phase measurements and impedance measurements.

In impedance measurements, DISPLAY A displays the absolute value of the vector impedance,

Iz I ; the absolute value of the vector admittance, j Y

I ; resistance, R; con­ ductance, G ; inductance, L; or capacitance, C. In ampli­ tude/phase measurements, DISPLAY A displays the measured value of B-A (dB), the gain or loss between

CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B ; A (dBm/dBV), the amplitude of the signal input to CHANNEL A ; or B

(dBm/dBV), the amplitude of the signal input to CHAN­

NEL B.

All values are displayed with a maximum of 4Y2 digits.

The actual number of display digits depends on the setting of other control functions such as OSC LEVEL,

ZY RANGE, etc. Maximum display is 1 9999 for in­ ductance and capacitance measurements; 1 2999, for all other parameters. Decimal point and the appropriate unit annunciator (e.g., pF, mH, M S, Mil) are also displayed.

If the selected measurement cannot be made, because the value of the DUT is outside the tnstrument's measure­ ment range or because the front-panel controls are in­ correctly set, one of the following will be displayed.

OF l

OF2

VCL

E-06

E-07

Refer to Tables 3-2 and 3-3 for the meaning of each of

Paragraphs

Section III

3- 1 1 to 3-1 7 these annunciations. When a SHORT or OPEN ZERO offset adjustment is being made, CAL is displayed. DlS­

PLAY A also displays the pass- and error-codes (P-O I through P-06 and E-20 through E-73) related to the instrument's SELF TEST function. Refer to Table 3-4 for the meanings of SELF TEST error-codes E-20 through

Ef73.

3-14. DISPLAY B provides direct readout of the secondary measurement parameter in amplitude-phase measurements and impedance measurements. This dis­ play is blank when DISPLAY A function is set to A

(dBm/dBV) or B (dBm/dBV).

In impedance measurements, DISPLAY B displays the value of the impedance/admittance; phase angle, e

(degrees or radians); reactance, X; Sllsceptance, B ; quality factor, Q ; dissipation factor, 0 ; resistance, R ; or conductance, G.

In amplitude/phase measurements, DISPLAY B displays either group delay or phase difference, e (degrees or radians).

Refer to paragraph 3- 1 3 for specifics on number of digits, maximum display, unit annunciators, etc.

If the. selected measurement cannot be made, OF2 or

- - is displayed. Refer to Table 3-3 for the meaning of these annunciations.

3- lS. DISPLAY C displays all test parameter data ­

SPOT FREQ/BIAS, STEP FREQ/BIAS, START FREQ/

BIAS, STOP FREQ/BIAS, OSC LEVEL, TEST LEVEL, and REF A or REF B value. Frequency is displayed with a maximum of 7Y2 digits; BIAS, OSC LEVEL, and TEST

LEVEL are displayed with a maximum of 4 digits; and

REE A and REF B values are displayed with a maximum of 4% digits. Error-codes displayed on DISPLAY C are discussed in paragraph 3-17.

3- 1 6. The BIAS ON Indicator comes on to warn the operator that the instrument is applying a de bias voltage across the DVT.

3-17. Error-codes and annunciations related to operator error and out-of-range measurement are listed and de­ scribed in Tables 3-2 and 3-3, respectively. Error-codes for errors detected during SELF TEST are listed and de­ scribed in Table 3-4. If the instrument fails the SELF

TEST, i. e., if one of the error-codes listed in Table 3-4 is displayed on DISPLAY A, contact the nearest Hewlett­

Packard Sales/Service Office.

3-1S

Model 4192A

Section III

Tables 3-2 and 3-3

Table 3-2_ Operational Errror-codes

Error�code

Meaning

-

E-OI An attempt was made to input a test parameter value or reference value that is Qut-of-range.

-----."'��-----------,-----------

''''

-

------

'''

- " -

- -

-----------

AUTO SWEEP was a!tempted when the selected test parameter was REF A, REF B, OSC

E-02

- - - -

E-03 i

LEVEL, or TEST LEVEL MONITOR; or MAN SWEEP was attempted when the selected test parameter was REF A or REF B .

-

----------

-

--"-

-

-

RT FREQ. (or BIAS).

-

-

--

-

---"""---- -- -�

--------,,�'"''

MAN SWEEP was attempted when the SPOT FREQ. (or BIAS) is lower than the START FREQ.

E-04

--

(or BIAS) or higher than the STOP FREQ. (or BIAS).

- - -

-

-, --- - � - --

-

- -

-

.-.---

-

E-05

--- --_._------ r::

_ m�' m ;,

<lli,M,m, 0" , 0"', Uo', m -

"

--- -----.- ----�- ------

.

. --------

-

I,

The STORE DSPL A/B key was pressed when DISPLAY A and/or DISPLAY B is set to /:,//:,%

-_...........

. -

-

... _--

E06

E07

�

E-0

8

---- -

,,

J

REF A, REF B, I:!. , or I:!.% key was pressed when no reference data for the deviation measurement is stored.

"_

I

I

ZERO OPEN or ZERO SHORT operation could not be properly performed.

S

AV

_"" __

• __ •• •

E 5 - 9 or RCL (Recall) 5

----_

..

---

-

:=

9 was atte

;':; pted (o

---

RCL (Recall) was attempted on an empty memory.

�;

-

; m__ memory locations 0 - 4 are available).

--

_,,_

._-

E-09

----

In swept frequency measurements of Group Delay,

FREQ'/STOP FREQ. sweep range.

E-1 O

STEP FREQ. is too low for the START

Table 3-3. Annunciations (Sheet 1 of 2)

A

OFI

DISPLAY

B DISPLAY A

Meanings

D ISPLAY B

-

Measured value of I Z l or I Y I ex- Measurement cannot be performed. ceeds 1 3 0 % of full scale of the ZY

RANGE.

OF2

Significant value

Significant value Measured value exceeds 200% of full Measurement is perfonned correctscale of display range. ly.

OF2 Measurement is perfonned correct- Measured value exceeds 200% of ly. full scale of display range.

OF2 OF2

Measured value exceeds 200% of full Measured value exceeds 200% of scale of display range. full scale of display range.

UCL

* 1

- - -

The instrument's internal measure- Measurement cannot be performed. ment circuit is saturated.

3 - 1 6

Model 41 92A

Section III

Tables 3·3 and 34

1--'

DISPLAY r--'-'--

A

Significant value

-

B

-

I

Table 3·3. Annunciations (Sheet 2 of 2)

Meanings

DISPLAY

DISPLAY B

Measurement is performed correct- Measurement cannot be performed ly. because:

0

When function is set to e.

Q. or

D, the measured value of

I

Z

I or

I

Y

I is less than 5% of full scale of the ZY RANGE.

0

When GROUP DELAY measurement is being performed, the test frequency to be automatically selected next is outside the selectable test frequency range (5 Hz and 1 3 MHz).

- - -

Significant value

- - -

Auto ranging of ZY RANGE is being performed.

. �""""�-..

Measurement is perfonned correct- D ISPLA Y B function is blank when ly. DISPLAY A function is set to A

(dBm/dBV) or B (dBm/dBV).

CAL Blank ZERO offset adjustment is being performed.

* L When the measuring frequency is set to 1 0MHz or above and ZY RANGE is held; measured values output

500ms after DISPLAY A indicates "UCL" are invalid.

*2. Specific information on GROUP DELAY measurement is provided in paragraph 3-63.

Display

Table 3-4

SELF TEST E rror-codes

Meaning

E-20, E-2 1

E-30 - E-43

E-50, E-5 1

E-6 1 , E-62

E-70, E-7 1 , E-7 2

I

One of the four RAM's (Random Access Memory) is not functioning properly.

"-----�-�, ..

-"

'

-

One of the fourteen ROM's (Read Only Memory) is not functioning properly.

---- "-,, . --

The line frequency detection circuit is not functioning properly,

-

'

''-",.

Integrator in the VRD (Vector Ratio Detector) is not functioning properly.

-,---,,-�� _.,.

-

.-

Internal synthesizer is not functioning properly.

3-1 7

Section IJI

Paragraphs 3·18 to 3-21

3-18. Test Signal

3-19. The internal frequency synthesizer provides a sinusoidal wave test signal that has an accuracy of 5 5 ppm.

The frequency range is from 5 Hz to 1 3 MHz, and signal level is 5 m Vrrus to 1 . 1 Vrrus. The test signal is output from the OSC OUTPUT connector (HCUR of the UN­

KNOWN terminals) on the front-paneL Test frequency and test level range, resolution, and accuracy are given in

Table 3-5.

Note: Test signal accuracy, stability, and re.'v)[ution can be improved by connecting an external frequency synthesizer to the EXT VCO connector on the rear-panel. Specific information on measurements using an external synthesizer is given in paragraph

3-137.

Note: In impedance measurements, the level of the test signal across the DUT depends on the impedance of the DUT. To monitor the actual level of test signal across the DUT, press the TEST LEVEL

MONITOR key. (Refer to paragraph

3-91

for specifics. )

3-20. Measurement Modes

3-2 1 . The 4 1 92A has three selectable measurement modes: NORMAL, HIGH SPEED, and AVERAGE.

Model 4192A

( 1 ) NORMAL Measurement Mode:

This mode is automatically set each time the instrument is turned

OIl.

In this mode, the in­ tegration time of the instrument's AID converter is equal to the period of the line frequency. Line frequency ripple on the de voltage used for in­ tegration is rejected (filtered).

(2) HIGH SPEED Measurement Mode:

This mode is set by pressing the HIGH SPEED key. Measurement speed in this mode is approx.i­ mately twice that of the NORMAL mode; how­ ever, resolution is reduced and accuracy is not specified. Integration time is 2.5 ms. Line fre­ quency ripple is not rejected (filtered).

(3) AVERAGE Measurement Mode:

This mode is set by pressing the AVERAGE key.

Resolution, accuracy, and repeatability in this mode are much better than in NORMAL mode or

HIGH SPEED mode. The displayed measurement value is the average of seven measurements. In­ tegration time is 1 0 times the period of the line frequency. Line frequency ripple is rejected

. (filtered).

Note: Measurement times for each mode at each

DISPLA

Y

AlE function setting are given in paragraph

3-55

for amplitude/phase measurements and in paragraph

3-89

for impedance measurements.

�

------

---------

,-

I

Table 3-5,

Frequency and Output level of Test Si gnal

Setting Range

5 Hz - 1 0 kHz

1

Resoluti on

I mHz

Setting Accuracy"

Measurement Frequency

100 kHz

100 kHz -

I MHz

- 1 3 MHz

I O mHz

I OOmHz

Setting Value ± 50ppm.

1 Hz

' 1

' 2

5 m Vrms - l OO mVrms

I mVrms

_.

5 Hz - I MHz: (5 + 1O/f)% + 2mV

I MHz - 1 3 MHz: (4 + 1 . 5[)% + 2mV

OSC Output Level' 2

__ "','" l OOmVrms - I . I Vrms

I

5mVrms

5 Hz - I MHz: (5 + 1O/f)% + IOmV

I MHz - 1 3 MHz: (4 + l . 5F)% + IOmV

At 23CC ± 5°C.

UNKNOWN terminals open (impedance measurements) o r terminated with son (amplitude/phase measurement), f: measurement frequency (Hz), F : measurement frequency (MHz).

3-1 8

Model 4192A Section IH

Paragraphs 3·22 to 3·28

3·22. Trigger Modes

3·24. Setting Test Parameters

3-23. The 4 192A has three selectable trigger modes:

INTERNAL, EXTERNAL, and HOLD/MANUAL.

( I ) INTERNAL Trigger Mode:

In this mode, measurement is automatically and repeatedly triggered. Trigger speed depends on the type of measurement, test frequency, and measurement mode.

(2) EXTERNAL Trigger Mode:

Measurement is triggered by applying a TTL level pulse to the EXT TRIGGER connector on the rear-panel. Refer to Figure 3-4 for specifics.

(3) HOLD/MANUAL Trigger Mode:

Measurement is triggered each time the HOLD/

MANUAL key is pressed. Measurement data is held until the next time the key is pressed.

Note: Measurement can also be triggered via the

HP-lB. Refer to Figure

3-38.

Note: Triggering in EXT and HOLD/MANUAL modes must be slow enough to allow the instrument to complete each measurement. If a trigger signal is received before measurement is completed, it is ignored.

3-25. The 4 1 92A provides eleven test parameters. They are listed, along with range and resolution, in Table 3-6.

Use the following procedure to set the value of these parameters:

( I ) Press the desired PARAMETER key.

(2) Set the desired value with the DATA keys. The set value will be displayed on DlSPLA Y C.

(3) Press the appropriate ENTER key to enter this value.

Note: Parameter values can also be set via the

HP-lB. Refer to paragraph

3-123 for specifics.

Note: If the parameter value is out-ai-range

(see Table

3-6). E-01 will be displayed on DISPLA Y C for approximately one second and the previous value is retained.

3�26. Deviation Measurement

3-27. When many components of similar value are to be tested, it may be more practical to measure the difference between the value of the component and a predeter­ mined, or ideal, reference value than measuring the DUT value itself. When the purpose of the measurement is to observe the change of a component's value versus changes in temperature, frequency, bias, etc., a direct measure­ ment of this change (deviation) makes examination more meaningful and easier.

Input Levels :

Input Current :

2 V < VIH < 5 . 5 V

O V ';;: V1L < O.6V

Maximum I mA

(at VIH

=

5.5 V)

Low Level Input Current: Maximum -O.6mA

(VIL

=

OAV)

Pulse Width :

Trigger Timing :

Tp :2:

1 msec

Leading Edge

Figure 3-4. External Trigger Pulse

3-28. Deviation measurements can be made for either or both DISPLAY A and/or DISPLAY B parameter meas­ urements. There are two methods of inputting reference values for deviation measurements: 1 ) input the refer­ ence value using the DATA keys, or 2) input the meas­ ured value of the reference component by pressing the

STORE DSPL A/B key. Deviation is displayed as either the deviation (6) from the reference value or the percent deviation (L'.%).

( l ) Deviation Measurement

L'.

(Delta):

The difference between the measured value of the

DUT and a previously stored reference value

(REF A or REF B) is displayed. The formula used to calculate the deviation is

A - B where A is the measured value of the OUT and B is the stored reference value.

3-19

Mode1 4192A

Section 1II

Paragraph

3·29

Parameter

SPOT FREQ

START FREQ

STOP FREQ

.�-.. ,�

�-----.

STEP FREQ

I

Table 3·6. Test Parameters

Description

I

Range

The spot frequency

Range : 5 Hz - 1 3 MHz

The start frequency for swept frequency Resolution : 1 mHz at 5Hz - 1 0 kHz ; measurements

-

The stop frequency for swept frequency measurements

---

-

-,�.

-

-,.,.

---

--,--�----

-

The step frequency for swept frequency measurements l O mHz at 1 0 kHz - 1 00kHz;

1 00 mHz at 100 kHz - 1 MHz;

I Hz at I MHz - 1 3 MHz

Range : 1 mHz - 1 3 MHz

Resolution: 1 mHz at 1 mHz - 1 0 kHz; l OmHz at 1 0 kHz - 100kHz;

1 00 mHz at 100kHz - 1 Mllz;

1 Hz at 1 MHz - 13 Mllz

-- ----

--

SPOT BIAS

-

-".

START BIAS

The spot bias voltage.

--

Range : -35V - +3 5V.

Resolution: l OmV.

STOP BIAS

The start voltage for swept voltage measure� ments

- ----

-

--

--

-

-

-

--

---

-

-

-

-

-

- --

-

---

""

..

.

..... _-

The stop voltage for swept voltage measurements

STEP BIAS

OSC LEVEL

.

The step voltage for swept voltage measurements

The level (rms) of the signal output by the internal synthesizer

Range: l Om V '\, 35V.

Resolution : l OmV.

Range: 5 mV - 1 . 1 V.

Resolution: I mV at 5mV - IOOmV;

S mV at 100mV - 1 . 1 V

REF A

The reference value for DISPLAY A devia· tion measurements

Range and resolution are the same as those of the DISPLAY A/B parameter.

REF B

The reference value for DISPLAY B devia· tion measurements

(2) Percent Deviation Measurement to % (Delta Per· cent):

The difference between the measured value of the

DUT and a previously stored reference value

(REF A or REF B) is displayed as a percentage of the reference value. The formula used to calcu­ late the percent deviation is

.!L...JL

X 100 (%) where A is the measured value of the DUT and B is the stored reference value.

3-20

3-29. Use the following procedure to perform deviation measurements:

( 1 ) Set the front-panel controls for normal amplitude­ phase or impedance measurement. (Basic proce­ dure for amplitude-phase measurement is given in Figure 3-10, and in Figure 3-30 for impedance measurements. )

(2) Press the BLUE key and the REF A or REF B key. At this time, the previously stored reference value or E-06 will be displayed on DISPLAY C.

E-06 simply means there is no reference data for

Model 4192A the selected display function; ignore it and pro­ ceed to step 3 .

(3) Enter the desired reference value using the numeric DATA keys. (E-06 annunciation will dis­ appear.) This value will be displayed on DIS­

PLAY C.

(4) Press the ENTER key labeled REF DATA. This stores the value displayed on DISPLAY C as the reference value.

Note: To store the measured (displayed) value of a reference sample (DUT) as reference data, use the following procedure:

(a) Connect the sample to the instrument and make one measurement.

(b) Press the BLUE key and the STORE

DSPL A/B key. The values displayed on

DISPLA Y A and DISPLA Y B will be stored as REF A and REF B data, respec­ tively.

(5) Press the M/::,.% key on DISPLAY A and/or DIS­

PLAY B. The value displayed on the display (A or Bl is the difference (deviation) between the stored reference value and the measured value.

For percent deviation measurement, press the

BLUE key before pressing the I:o.//::,.% key.

Note: Reference data stored for one measure­ ment function cannot be used for another measurement function; that is, reference data stored for an impedance measure­ ment cannot be used for a resistance measurement.

3-30. Continuous Memorization of Control Settings

(SAVE and RCL Functions)

3-3 1 . The 4 l 92A is equipped with five non-volatile

Section ITI

Paragraphs 3·30 to 3·33 storage registers. These registers are used to store five different. frequently used front-panel control settings.

Stored control settings are preserved (not erased) in the registers even when the instrument is turned off.

Frequently used control settings can be saved and then recalled instead of having to feenter the measurement conditions each time. This feature improves efficiency in applications where repetitive measurements are made.

Almost all front-panel control settings and test parameter settings, including reference data and zero calibration data, can be saved. Exceptions are listed below.

HP-IB status

DISPLAY A/B measurement data

LINE OFF/ON

CABLE LENGTH

BIAS ON

SPOT BIAS

3-32. Use the following procedure to save and recall a measurement condition :

( 1 ) Set the front-panel controls and test parameters as desired.

(2) Press the SAVE key and the register number

(0-4). All front-panel control settings and test parameter settings are now saved, or memorized, in the specified register.

(3) To restore the instrument to the control settings and test parameters saved in step (2), press the

RCL key and the register number.

3-33. The instrument is equipped with two rechargeable batteries that provide power for the storage registers when the instrument is turned off. They are automatical�

Iy recharged while the instrument is turned on. Specifica­ tions are given below.

Operating time: 7500 hours (typical) after full charge.

Recharge time: Time required to fully recharge the batteries is 200 hours.

Lifetime: 5 years (at 25°C).

3-2 1

Section

III

Paragraphs 3-34 to 3-39

3-34. AMPLITUDE/PHASE MEASU R E MENT

3-35. The Model 41 92A LF Impedance Analyzer can accurately measure the gain/l oss, phase, group delay and level of many types of circuits. It displays all measured parameter s with 4% digit numeric displ ays. The built-in frequency synthesizer can be set to any test frequency between 5.000Hz and 1 3 .000000MHz, and can be swept within that frequen cy range with 1 mHz (maxi­ mum) r esol ution . Instructions f or amplitude/phase meas­ urements are given in paragraph 3-34 to 3-66.

3-36. Measurement Functions

3-37. Most amplitude-gain measurements are based on relative measurements where the sign als at the input an d output ports of a network are compared to determine how the n etwork behaves as a sign al processor . The

4 1 92A simultaneously measures two independent, com­ plementary parameters in each measurement cycle. These measurement functions are classified, for displ ay purpose, into two groups: DISPLAY A and DISP LAY B func­ tions, as given in Table 3-7. Measur ement results can be displayed as deviation or percent deviation from stored r eference val ues. Deviation measur ements are described in paragraph 3-26.

3-38. Measurement Ranges

3-39. The 4 1 92A can measure tr ansmission parameters, gain /loss (B-A), level (A/B), phase

( 6 ) and group delay, over the measurement ran ges listed in Table 3-8.

Measurement resolutiou, al so listed in the t abl e, are for

NORMAL and AVERAGE measurement modes.

Resolution in H IGH SPEED measurement mode is one digit l ower t han these values.

Model 4192A

Table 3-8. Measurement Range for Amplitude­

Phase Measurements

Measurement

Function

Measurement

Range

-

B-A

�----

1

±

--

--- -�

A/B (dBV)

_

OdB

i

20dB

(20dB

-

� dB111

--

�

_� -

1 00 dB)

20 tIBJl1

20dE\!: - 1 00dB

_

-+O�8dBV � - 20dBV �

0.0001 I1s - 1.9999I1s

I-----

-

-�--

O .OOl l1s

�

--

-

�T

1 i i i

0 .00 1 dB

0.01 dB

�

-

0 1_d_B�

0.0 1 dBrn

-

O OOi dBV o.oidBvl OOps

Ins

GROUP

DELAY" i

I

I

I

O.Ol l1s � 1 99 9911s IOns

0.000 I ms

�

1.9999 ms l OOns

----_ .. -

0.001 ms � 1 9.999ms IllS r-'

0.01 ms

�

1 99.99ms

--

O.OOOl s - 1.9999s l OllS

1 00l1s

6

6

.. -

(deg)

..

(rad)

0.00 I s - 1 9.9995 Ims

0° -

±

180°

�,,�--.

- 1r

- - 1.000

0.001

- I. 0000 - + 1 . 0000 0.000 1

+ 1.000 - +

1r

0.001

*

I: Measurement range at GROUP DELAY is deter­ mined automatically by LlF ( STEP FREQ

X

2) and

LIB. Specific information on GROUP DELAY meas­ urements is provided in par agraphs 3-63 to 3-66.

Table 3-7.

DISPLAY A/B Functions for Amplitude/Phase Measurements

DISPLAY A Function

D I SPLAY B Function

B - A (dB) Relative A mplitude of the Reference

Input an d the Test Input

1-------

-

A (dBm/dBV) . Absol ute A mplitude of the Refer en ce Input

-

--

-

�""""

-

"""""""'-.".-.

B (dBm/dBV) Absol ute A mplitude of the Test Inp ut i

GROUP DELAY Group Del ay in seconds

0

(deg)

6 (rad) Phase Difference in radians

�----

.------

-------

..-------------

-

-------------

-

-------:--

3-22

Model 4192A

3-40. OSC OUTPUT

3-4 1 . In amplitude/pi:h1se measurements, the output signal from the OSC OUTPUT terminal is applied to a power splitter (HP Part No. : 041 9 2-61 0 0 1 , furnished with the 41 92A) to produce two output signals that are in phase and of equal amplitude. One of these signals is applied to CHANNEL A and is used as the reference input; the other signal is applied to input port of the net­ work under test. The output port of the network is then connected to CHANNEL B. Figure 3-5 shows the equiv­ alent circuit for the OSC OUTPUT. The circuit consists of a low (zero) impedance source in series with a son resistor which determines the output impedance. The output signal level is variable from 5 m V to 1 . 1 Vrms when terminated with 50n. Specific information on the internal synthesizer is provided in paragraph 3-1 8.

Zo = SOil

Low

Impedance

Source

Section III

Paragraphs 3-40 to 3·45

Figure

3·5.

Equivalent Output Circuit

3-42. CHANNEL A/B

3-43. For basic amplitude/phase measurements, the reference input is obtained by connecting one of the output signals from the power splitter connected to the

OSC OUTPUT. The test input is obtained by inserting the network to be tested between the power splitter and

CHANNEL B. Since the signals divided by the power splitter are identical, the signal applied to CHANNEL A represents the input to the network while the signal applied to CHANNEL B is the output of the network.

By comparing these two signals, the 4 1 92A measures the gain or loss, phase shift and group delay introduced by the network. When the frequency is swept over the band of interest with amplitude, phase and group delay, meas­ urement data represent the amplitude and phase response of the transfer function in the frequency domain.

3-44. For production testing, it is often necessary to compare a newly manufactured network to a production standard. The 4 1 92A, being a dual channel instrument, lends itself well to this application. When comparing two networks, the standard network is connected be­ tween the power splitter and CHANNEL A to obtain the reference. The network to be tested is then con­ nected between the power splitter and CHANNEL B .

In this case, the 4 1 92A compares the output signals of the two networks and any differences between the networks are renected as deviation from O dB (B·-A amplitude), 0 degrees (phase) or O s (group delay).

3-45. Figure 3-6 shows the equivalent circuit for the

CHANNEL A/B. The resistor, Rin, represents the I Mn input resistance; the capacitor, Cs, represents the 2SpF

± 5pF shunt capacitance. This high input impedance has a minimum loading effect on the input signal and allows the 4 1 92A to be used for characterizing networks having output impedances other than 50n. Figure 3-7 shows the input impedance,

Zt, as a function of frequency. At low frequencies, the reactance of Cs is very high, making

Z t nearly equal to Rin. As frequency increases, the decreasing reactance of Cs becomes more and more significant, causing

Zt to decrease. At high frequencies,

Rin is no longer significant and

Zt is slightly less than the reactance of Cs (approximately 500n at 1 3 MHz).

CHANNEL

A/B

I� r-..

..I.pL

Rin

I M n

� l7

, l7

Figure

3�6.

Equivalent Input-Circuit

!

Cs

25pF

3-23

Model 4192A

Section III

Para g rap h s 3·46 and 3-47 l OOkfl

N

� lOk)]

I lkD

100ft

,I

5Hz 10Hz

I

�

�

I

I

��

I

�

"-

1 kHz

10kHz 100kHz

Figure

3�7.

Frequency

Zt

vs Frequency lMHz l OMHz l OOMflz

3·46. I nput Configurations

3-47. Figure 3-8 illustrates and describes the basic input configurations for various types of measurements. Con­ nections of these input configuration,s should be made using double·shielded cables with BNC connectors as listed in Table 3-9. When making input connections, observe the following guidelines:

( 1 ) Keep input cables as short as possible.

(2) Make the total cable length in each channel equal. This is particularly important when measuring pbase (or group delay) at high fre­ quencies.

(3) When impedance terminations are required, use shielded terminations equipped with suitable RF connectors as listed in Table 3-1 0. Place termi­ nations at the end of the transmission line.

Note : When making a relative gain/loss ( B-A) measurement with either the 4 1 9 2 A or a

Network Analyzer using the input configurations shown in Figure 3-8, the measurement results are the same but those of an absolute amplitude (A/B) measurement may differ. This is because the 4 1 9 2A uses a passive

(2-resistor) power splitter and the

Network Analyzer uses an active power splitter. pas s i ve power spl i tter

CH . A

">--__w._-

">----acti ve power spl i tter

CH. A

CH . B

Table 3·9. BNC Cables

Table 3-10. Impedance Terminations

Cable

Model No.

30cm BNC (male) - BNC (male) Double

1 1 l 70A

- Shield Cable (two l l 1 70A's are furnished with the 4 l 92A)

1 1 1 70B

____

1

60cm BNC (male) - BNC (male) Double

-- Shield Cable (two 1 1 l 70B's are fur· niShed with th

��

7A Accessor

�

�

1 20 cm BNC (male) - BNC (male) Double

1 I 1 70C

I

- Shield Cable (two l l 1 70C's are furnished with the 4 l 92A)

Model No.

Termination l 1048C son Feedthrough (two l 1 048C's are fur-

--

1 1 094B

--

1 1 09SA

"

..

7 S n Feedthrough (two l 1 094B's are furnished with the 1 1 097 A) furnished with the 1 6-97 A)

"

'-

600n Feedthrough (two 1 6097A's are

3-24

Model 4192A Section III

Figure 3·8

(A) LOSS (GAIN) -PHASE MEASUREMENT (Z "

SOD)

�) CH.A

Power

�·t--+I!zil

.

�

(0)

GAIN (LOSS)-PHASE MEASUREMENT

Power

SPl i

?*�

I son Feedthrough

�f-i-I

_ _

__ «CH.B

50)) Feed-Thru

(8)

LOSS (GAIN)-PHASE MEASUREMENT (Z " 60(0)

( E ) COMPARING TWO NETWORKS

�<f-----+11Zil a

"'"'

'( CH A

Power

Spl i tter

"

!

�

�

50n Feedthroughs

LH-Jij----- ,�

(C)

LOSS (GAIN)-PHASE MEASUREMENT

Power

SPl i(t

750

( I i

7S0

[

Zi

300

I lliM

( Z " 300) c( CH.A

300

I

3001

<FB

( F )

FLOATING NETWORK MEASUREMENT

(

�F A

Floating Network

Figure 3·8. I nput Configurations

3-25

Section IU

Paragraphs 3-48 to

3-53

3·48. Impedance Matching

3-49, In most measurement applications the network under test must be driven and terminated in its charac­ teristics impedance. If the characteristic impedance of the network matches the son output impedance of the

4 1 92A OSC OUTPUT. the network can be connected directly to the OSC OUTPUT through the power splitter as shown in Figure 3·g (A). In this case, both the refer­ ence input and test input should be terminated with a son Feedthrough and connected to CHANNEL A and

CHANNEL B, respectively.

3-50. If the characteristic impedancc of the network is greater than son, a compensating resistor can be added in series with the OSC OUTPUT between the power splitter and the network to obtain the required output impedance. For example, if the input impedance of the network is 600n, a 550n resistor can be added in series with the son output to obtain the required 600n as shown in Figure 3-8 (B). Note that the reference input shown in Figure 3-8 (B) also has a compensating resistor to maintain identical impedances in both channels. In this case, both the referencc input and test input should be terminated with a 600n Feedthrough and connected to CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B respectively.

3-5 1 . If the characteristic impedance of the network is lower than son, connect a shunting resistor between the power splitter and network to be tested, as across the

OSC OUTPUT, to obtain the required output impedance.

Otherwise, a shunt resistance of the same value can be connectcd to CHANNEL A to obtain the same output impedance. The value of shunt resistance is calculated from the following formula:

Model 4192A

Rs

= �O X

--

Z

(n) where : Rs

Z

:�

== shunt resistance required output impedance

For example, if the input impedance of the network is

30n, a 75 n shunt resistor can be added in paralld with a son output to obtain 30n as shown in Figure 3-8 (C).

Note that the refcrence input shown in Figure 3-8 CC) also has a shunting resistor to maintain identical imped­ ances in both channels. In this case, both the reference input and test input should be terminated with tbe 30n shunt resistor and connected to CHANNEL A and

CHANNEL B, respectively. When driving an impedance lower than son, a certain amount of insertion loss will be encountered. The amount of loss depends on the type of impedance matching network used and on the various impedance ratios, Whenever a loss is encountered, an equal loss should be introduced in CHANNEL A so that the reference input accurately represents the input of the network. This can be accomplished by placing iden­ tical shunt resistances and identical terminations in both channels.

3-52. When the network to be tested has a high input impedance (1 MHz) and low output impedance ('" On), each channel should be terminated with a son Feed­ througb and then the network can be connected to

CHANNEL B as shown in Figure 3-8 (D).

3-53, Deviation measurement from reference network can be performed by inserting the standard network be­ tween the power splitter and CHANNEL B. Figure

3-8 CE) shows an input configuration of networks which have son characteristic impedance. In this case, both the

Model No.

Table 3·1 1 . Balancing Transformers

Impedance

Unbalanced

1 1 473A

1 1 473B

1 147

�

� son or 7 5 n

I

600n

I 3 5 n

1 50n

1 1 476A 1 24.\2

Unbalanced

BNC

I

Connectors

Balanced

WECO 3 1 0

Simence 9 REL STP-6AC

I-------�

-

WECO 241

Simence 9REL STP-6AC

WEC0 408A

3-26

Model4192A reference input and test input should be terminated by

SOU Feedthroughs and connected to CHANNEL A and

CHANNEL B , respectively.

3-54. Floating networks can be measured by floating from the measuring circuit using one of the balancing transfonners listed in Table 3- 1 1 . Figure 3-8 (F) shows the input configuration of a network which has 1 2 5

U characteristic impedance. In this case, both the reference input and test input should bc terminated by

SO U

Feed­ throughs and connected to CHANNEL A and CHANNEL

B , respectively.

3-55. Measurement Time

3-56. Table 3- 12 shows the measurement times of the

4 192A amplitude/phase measurements.

Table 3·12. Measurement Time for Amplitude/Phase Measurements

----------�-

I-

Measurement Function

(B-A)e

(B-A)-GROUP DELAY*l ! NORMAL

A/B (dBm)

A/B (dBV)

(B A)-<2

HIGH SPEED

.

f-

____

--+.

_

HIGH SPEED

AVERAGE

HIGH SPEED

5000 + 102 -5000 + 116 1 15000 + 102 _·-1-5-·0--00-+-1-16--'1---20-2�_216

--

_ f

5 - 15

____

NORMA�---5-0-[0-O-+�7�9���----'

*1: At spot frequency measurement (refer to paragraph 3.63). paragraph 3·139). t

.1

I

Measurement

Mode

NORMAL

, AVERAGE

HIGH SPEED

NORMAL

-I-A_V�ERA_G_E_,

NORMAL

AVERAGE

----i!

I'

I

__

_ 1_

[_� [

5000 + 77

1-------+-------- -

---- ,

I

.�

+ 100.5

50[00 + 412.5 i

3399

I

179

90

. _-

_-_-_�1�5_�_O-0_--+-7-�-_�����I��������������_-_

II---

15 - 150

-�

... . -�OOo. + 755

_�_OQ_._+_78_�

5000 + 92

1500Q. + 92 by

Measurement Frequency

VERAGE . �+102-�+14

(Hz),

J.I

+ 114.5 f

(Kz)

1080

150 - 400 400 - 13 M

1102-1116 l13 -127

425

692

J

-�-- -

If !5�OQ.+77U- H T--··· 17-7-----1

.

_ f .

___

._.

1

�---

_1

192

88

�

__ ._._.

__ changing the setting of an internal control switch (refer to

--

3-27

Section

III

Paragraphs

3·51.

3·57 and 3·58

Test F ix ture Characteristics

3-58. Compensation for the error-causing parasitic elements of the test fixtures used in amplitude/phase measurements is described in Figure 3-9. Additional error introdueed into amplitude/phase measurements by the

1 6096A test fixture after compensation is as follows:

B

�

A error : ± 0. 1 dB

Phase error : ± 0. 1 0

A. B error : ± (0. 1 + 0.06F') dB where F is the Frequency of the test signal in

MHz.

Input impedance of CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B is

1 Mn. shunted by 30pF.

( 1 ) Cable compensation for the 1 6096A Test Fixture a. Connect the 1 6096A Test Fixture to the UNKNOWN terminals of the 4 1 92A as shown below:

UNKNOWN

(

\

--,-,-,-,,-,--,--,--,----

-"'-i:=r

-

.:;:::'i-

----

4l 92A

Front Pane 1

( furni sbed with l 6096A)

1 1 1 70A

( furni shed w i th 4l 92A)

BNC-Tee

( furni shed w i th l 6096A)

L-

____

�----�----� l 6096A Top View

3-28 b, Set the 4292A's controls as follows:

DISPLAY A Function B

�

A (dB)

DISPLAY B Funciton

"

,

.

,

'

,

.

,

. . , . " . . , ' , ' , ' , . , e (deg)

AVERAGE . , " . . " . , " " , ' , ' , . . . . , . . " . , ' , ' " OFF

HIGH SPEED . , . , . . , . , " " , ' , . . , . . . . . . , . , " ' " OFF

Figure 3-9. Cable Compensation (Sheet 1 of 4)

Mode14192A

Model4192A

Section

III

SELF TEST . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . , OFF

SWEEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . MANUAL

TRIGGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . INT

M/::,% . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . , . , OFF

SPOT FREQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . . , . . . . . . . 1 kHz

OSC LEVEL . , . , . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O,6V c. Set the selector switch on the 1 6096A to the GAIN-PHASE position. d. The value displayed on DISPLAY A should be 20dBV

±

O.02 dBV. e. Set the SPOT FREQ to I MHz. f. Adjust CHANNEL A CABLE COMP on the 1 6096A until the value displayed on DISPLAY A is 20dBV

± O, l dBV. g. Reconnect the 1 6096A as shown below:

UNKNOWN

\

CH.A C H . B

L-

-",

1 1 1 70A

�

1 6096A Top

View h. Set the SPOT FREQ to 1 kHz. i. The value displayed on DISPLAY A should be O dBV ± O.04dBV. j . Set the SPOT FREQ to I MHz. k. Adjust CHANNEL B CABLE COMP on the 1 6096A until the value displayed on DISPLAY A is OdBV

± 0. 1 dBV.

1. Set the SPOT FREQ to IS kHz. m.

The values displayed on DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B should be OdBV

±

0. 1 dBV and 0' ± 0.5', respectively.

Figure 3·9. Cable Compensation (Sheet 2 of 4)

3-29

Section

HI

3-9

Model

4192A

(2) Compensation procedure for the 100 1 3A 10 : 1 Scope Probe a. Connect the I I048C son

Feedthrough termination to the OSC OUTPUT terminal of the 4 1 92A. b. Connect the two 1 l 0 1 3A scope probes to CHANNEL A and B and to the son feedthrough as shown in below.

------

OSC

OUTPUT

50"

Feedthrough

CHAN CHAN

A B

G

G

4192A Front

�r_

----------_.=r--_.=r--------

�

Panel

3-30 c. Set the 4 1 92A's controls as follows:

DISPLAY A Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A (dBm/dBV)

AVERAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF

HIGH SPEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF

SELF TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF

SWEEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MANUAL

GAIN MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dBV

TRIGGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INT

6.16%

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OFF

SPOT FREQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 kHz

OSC LEVEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 V d. Press the BLUE key and the STORE DSPL A/B key. e. Press DISPLAY A's 6.16% key. f. Set the SPOT FREQ to 1 MHz. g. Adjust the cable compensation of the scope probe connected to CHANNEL A until the deviation, displayed on DISPLAY A, is O.OO dBV.

Figure 3-9. Cable Compensation (Sheet 3 of 4)

Model 4 1 92A

Section III

Figure 3-9 h. Repeat steps c through g until the amplitude 'difference between the two measurement values is less than or equal to 0.0 I dB. i. Set the 4 192A's controls as follows:

DlSPLA Y A Function

B - A (dB)

DISPLAY B Function

.

. . . . . . . . .

.

. . . . .

.

. . . . .

. .

. . e

(deg)

SPOT FREQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 kHz

6/6% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF j . Adjust the cable compensation of the scope probe connected to CHANNEL B until the phase, displayed on

DISPLAY B, is 0° ± 0. 1 °. k. Set the 4 1 92A's controls as follows:

DISPLA Y A Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B (dBm/dBV)

SPOT FREQ . .

.

. . . . .

.

. . .

.

.

. . . .

.

. . . . .

.

.

. . .

. . . . . I MHz

1. The value displayed on DISPLAY A should be - 20 dBV ± 0.2 dBV.

Note: With these adjustments, tracking between CHANNEL AlE will be as follows for the frequency range of 5Hz to 2MHz.

Gain tracking

Phase tracking :

±

O. 2dE

±

0.20

Figure 3-9. Cable Compensation (Sheet 4 of 4)

3-3 1

Section

III

Paragraphs

3·59 and 3·60

3-59. Amplitude/Phase Measurement Operating I nstruc­ tions

3-60. Basic operating instructions for amplitude/phase measurements are given in Figure 3-10.

Mode14192A

( I ) Turn On a. Press the LINE ON/OFF key to turn the 4 1 92A on. b. Following turn on, the instrument will perform the following operations in the order listed.

G)

Initial operational check is performed (refer to paragraph 3-7).

®

HP-IS address, set by the HP-IB control switch on rear panel (refer to paragraph 3-1 1 7), is displayed on

D ISPLAY A (e. g. H-17).

®

Initial control setting is performed (refer to paragraph 3-9). c. Confirm that 4 1 92A trigger lamp begins to flash. d. Press the BLUE key and then the SELF TEST key to check the basic operation of the instrument. Refer to paragraph 3-7 for details on the SELF TEST.

Note: The 4192A requires a one-hour warm up period to satisfy all specifications listed in Table 1-1.

(2) Test Fixture Connection

Connect the desired test fixture. Refer to paragraphs 3-46 and 3-48 for Input Configuration and Impedance

Matching, respectively.

Note: When the 1 6 096A Test Fixture or 1 0013A 1 0 : 1 Scope Probe is used, error compensation, described in

Figure 3-9, must be performed.

(3) Setting Measurement Condition a. Select the desired DISPLAY A parameter by pressing the

IQ] or

@]

(up-down) key. The indicator lamp adjacent to the selected parameter will come on (refer to paragraph 3-38). b. If necessary, select the desired DISPLAY B parameter (compatible with the DISPLAY A parameter selected in step a by pressing the

@] key (refer to paragraph 3·38). c. When D ISPLAY A function is set to A (dBm/dBV) or B (dBm/dBV), select the desired GAIN MODE: dBm or dBV.

Note: GAIN MODE, dBm or dB V, is specified from the following equations: dBm 20 10glO V + 1 3.01 dBV 20 10glO V

The relationship between input voltage (Vrms) and dB m/dB V is shown in the graph below.

Figure 3»10. Operating I nstructions for Amplitude - Phase Measurements (Sheet 1 of 2)

3-32

Mode14192A Section

HI

10dB

OdB ro

�

'"

0

>

, w

0

0

>--

�

-�

�

'"

'"

-ZOdB

-40dB

-60dB

"p

"'� s�

/

-SOdB

-IOOdB

I OwV

7

ImV

I OmV

INPUT VOLTAGE V ( RMS)

I OOmV

/ dBm dBV

I V d. Press SPOT FREQ key.

Set the desired spot frequency (initial setting value is 1 00kHz) with the DATA input keys (refer to para­ graph 3-29) and press the appropriate ENTER key.

(Example)

Spot frequency

=

7.5 MHz

Key strokes :

SPOT f8l10lWIS

MK, v G · [1J 0 CD 0

The spot frequency setting, 7500.000kHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C (Test Parameter Data Dis­ play). e. Press the OSC LEVEL key.

Set the desired measuring signal level (initial setting value is 1 V) with the DATA input keys (refer to para­ graph 3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key.

(Example) OSC level

=

750mV kH, mV

Key strokes :

The OSC level setting. O.750V. is displayed on DISPLAY C.

(4) Connecting a Network a. Connect the network to be tested between CHANNEL B and the power splitter with the test fixture.

Note: When comparing two networks, the reference network should be connected between the power splitter and CHANNEL A. b. The 4 l 92A will automatically display the measured values of the network to be tested in acordance with the measurement conditions.

Figure 3-10. Operating Instructions for Amplitude - Phase Measurements (Sheet

2 of

2)

3-33

Section

HI

3·62

Mode14191A

CAU'110N

When making am plitude/phase measurements on an active c ircuit (e.go, am plifier, active filter, etc,), DO NOT allow " de bias voltage exceeding ± 1 av to be applied to the ose

OUTPUT terminal. To do so may damage the instrumento When the dc bias voltage of the c ircuit uncler test is higher than ± 1 0V, but not more than ± 3 5V, connect a 2 ,211F (or less) capacitor in series w ith the ose

O U TPUT terminal to block the dc bias voltage. This block ing capacitor can be connected to the SHORT/EXTERNAL CAP ter m inal of the

1 6 096A Test Fixture instead of the short-connector. When the blocking capacitor is used, however, the output impedance of the ose

OUTPUT is increased at low test frequencies, as shown graphically below, and the oscillator level is reduce(!.

If a suitable capacitor is not available from conventional sources, order HP Part No,:

0 1 60-0 1 2 8; 2.211F, 50V.

10'

1

NEVER apply a de voltage exceeding ± 3 5 V to the ose

OUTPUT terminal, even if the blocking capacitor is used. c

"

0

"1

I lOO

501 j

L

10 100

10k

(ad

1COk

Measurement Frequency

Figure 3·10. Operating Instructions for Amplitude - Phase Measurement (Sheet 3 of 3)

3·61. Swept Frequency Measurements

3-62, Basic operating instructions for swept-frequency amplitude/phase measurements are given in Figure 3- 1 1 .

Note: Before proceeding with the procedure given below set the 41 92A 's controls as necessary for an am­ plitude/phase measurement. Refer to Figure 3-10.

( l ) Setting Sweep Parameters a. Press the START FREQ key. Set the start (lower limit) frequency (initial setting is 5Hz) of the desired sweep frequency range with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-24) and press the appropriate

ENTER key.

(Example) Start frequency

=

10 kHz

The start frequency setting. 1O.OOOOOkHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C (Test Parameter Data Dis­ play).

Figure 3·1 1 . Operating Instructions for Swept - frequency Amplitude Phase Measurements (Sheet 1 of 4)

3·34

Mode1 4 192A

Section

III

Figure 3 , 1 1 b .

Press the STOP FREQ key. Set the stop (upper limit) frequency (initial setting is 1 3MBz) of the desired sweep frequency range with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-24) and press the appropriate

ENTER key.

(Example) Stop frequency

�

1 MHz

The stop frequency setting, 1 000.000 kHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C.

Note: The stop frequency should be set to a value higher than the start frequency. If not, error-code

E-03 will be displayed on DISPLA Y C when swept measurement is attempted and measurement will be not performed. c. Press the STEP FREQ key. Set the desired step frequency (initial setting is I kHz) with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key.

(Example) Step frequency

�

1 kHz

KH, nW

Key strokes :

The step frequency setting, 1 . 000000kHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C.

Note: In LOG SWEEP measurement applications, STEP FREQ. has no meaning. To set the instrument to logarithmic sweep mode, press the BLUE key and the LOG SWEEP key; the indicator lamp will come on In this mode, automatic or manual sweeps are made at twenty frequency steps per decade. Each step is calculated from the following formula:

F X lOo.oSN where

F is the start frequency (5Hz, 1 0Hz, 100Hz, 1 kHz, 1 0 kHz, 1 00 kHz, I MHz, or 10MHz) and

N is an integer that represents the step number. For example, if the start frequency is 100kHz and the stop frequency is 1 MHz, the sweep will be as follows:

2

3

4

5

1 1 2.20 1 8 kHz

6

1 99.5262kHz

1 1

354.8 1 3 3 kHz

16 630.9573 kHz

1 25.8925 kHz

7

223.872 1 kHz

12

398. 1071 kHz

17

707.9457 kHz

1 4 1 . 2537kHz

8

25 1 . 1 886 kHz

13

446.68 3 5 kHz

18

794.3282kHz

1 58.4893 kHz

9

2 8 1 .8382kHz

14

50 1 . 1 8 7 2 kHz

19

891.2509kHz

1 77.8279kHz

10

3 1 6.2277kHz

15

562.34 1 3 kHz

20

1 000.000 kHz

The start and stop frequencies, which determine the sweep range, are limited to decade values

( 1 0, JOO, 1 k, 1 O k, l O O k, 1 M , J OM). If, for example, the start frequency is set to 50 kHz and the stop frequency is set to 800 kHz, the instrument automatically sets the sweep range as 1 0 kHz to

1 MHz. There are, however, two exceptions: (1) when the start frequency is set to a value below

1 0 Hz and (2) when the stop frequency is set to a value above 1 0MHz. In such cases, the instrument automatically assumes a start frequency of 5 Hz and a stop frequency of 13MHz.

Figure 3-11. Operating Instructions for Swept - Frequency Amplitude - Phase Measurements (Sheet 2 of 4)

3-35

Section

Figure

3·11

Model4192A

(2) Manual Sweep

In manual sweeps, the sweep begins at the spot frequency

J stop frequencies. and the sweep range is determined by the start and a. Set the desired spot frequency (initial setting is 1 00 kHz) with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph

3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key.

(Example) Spot frequency

�

1 0 kHz

"H, mV

Key strokes :

The spot frequency, 1 O.00000kHz, will be displayed on DISPLAY C.; b. Press the STEP UP

[QJ key or STEP DOWN

[Q] key to shift the frequency one step (determined by the step frequency setting) in the indicated direction.

Notes:

1. In logarithmic sweep mode, the measurement frequency is automatically shifted to the nearest frequency that satisfies the equation

F X l Oo.0oN

=

F m : where

F is the start frequency,

Fm is the measurement frequency, and

N is an integer that represents the step number.

(3)

2. ff the spot frequency is set to a value that is greater than the stop frequency or less than the the start frequency, error-code £-04 will be displayed on DISPLA Y C and the measurement will not be perf(Jrmed. c. Pressing and holding the STEP UP (

[QJ

) key or STEP DOWN (

[Q] ) key continuously advances swept frequency measurement. d. When X 1 0 STEP key is pressed simultaneously will] the STEP UP

( [QJ

) or STEP DOWN (

[Q]

) key, the step frequency increases by a factor of ten. (This is for linear sweeps only.)

Auto Sweep a. Press MAN/AUTO key to set to auto sweep mode (the indicator lamp comes on.) b.

G

Pressing the START UP

(

[QJ

) key starts the frequency sweep from the programmed start frequeney.

The frequency sweep ends at the stop frequency,

(2)

Pressing the START DOWN (

@]

) key starts the frequency sweep from the stop frequency, The fre­ quency sweep ends at the start frequency.

Note: Swept test frequency is displayed on DIS"PLA Y

C. c. To temporarily stop a swept frequency measurement, press the PAUSE key, Start frequency, stop fre­ quency, step frequency, sweep direction, and sweep mode (linear or logarithmic, auto or manual) can be changed when the PAUSE function is set. To restart the sweep, press the START UP

DOWN

( @]

) key.

( [QJ

) key or START d. Auto sweep measurement mode is automatically released when the swept measurement ends (reaches the stop frequency or start frequency). To stop the sweep before the measurement is completed, press BLUE key and then press the SWEEP ABORT key.

Key strokes :

(

Blue

1

G

To return to normal spot frequency measurement, press the SWEEP AUTO key (indicator lamp goes off),

Figure 3�1 1. Operating I nstructions for Swept - Frequency Amplitude - Phase Measurements (Sheet 3 of 4)

3-36

Model 4192A

Section III

Paragraphs 3-63 and

3-64

Note : When a swept frequency measurement is made, if the sweep comes to a frequency band which has lower frequency resolution than the STEP FREQ., this STEP

FREQ. automatically changes to the next higher resolution frequency, and the sweep continues. In special cases for group delay measurement, E-I O appears on

DISPLAY C and the sweep stops.

Figure 3-11. Operating Instructions for Swept - Frequency Amplitude - Phase Measurements (Sheet 3 of 4)

3·63. Group Delay Measurement

3·64. The 4 1 92A can measure group delay at a spot frequency or swept frequency. Figure 3·1 2 shows a group delay measurement at a spot frequency.

8 ,

� en

"

"

"

8 2

I

I

I

1

I

I

1 "

1

- - - - 1" -

"

,....-

"

Fs

,

I

J

£IF

.. I

I

I

- - - -1-

F I Fm F2

Measuring Frequency (Hz) where Fm

Fs

F,

-T

68

F,

Ll F

8,

1

8 ,

LI8

Spot frequency (Hz)

Step frequency (Hz)

First measuring frequency (Hz)

Second measuring frequency (Hz)

F, - F, (= 2 Fs)

Phase (deg) at first measuring frequency

Phase (deg) at second measuring frequency

0 , - 0 ,

( 1 ) F m and Fs are the 4 1 92A SPOT FREQ and STEP FREQ respectively.

(2) 0, is measured at F, (= Fm - Fs).

(3) 0 , is measured at F, (= Fm + Fs).

(4) ,. (Group Delay) at Fm is calculated from the following formula and displayed with B

-

A at Fm.

360 . Ll F

Note : When a swept frequency measurement is made, if the sweep comes to a frequency band which has lower frequency resolution than the STEP FREQ., E-I O appears on

DISPLAY C and the sweep stops.

However, when using HP-lB function, the sweep is made by the controller to set

SPOT FREQ., this error m essage does not appear and then STEP FREQ. automatically changes to the next higher resolution frequency in that frequency band and the sweep continues.

Figure 3�12. Group Delay Measurement at Spot Frequency

3·37

Section ru

Paragraph 3·65

3�65. Figure 3 - 1 3 shows a swept group delay measure­ ment.

Model4192A e o e ,

8 a e ,

I

I

Start frequency

(Hz)

1

1

Stop frequency

(Hz)

- -

-

-

Len

1

I

I

I

- - J _ _

I

- - T -

1

1

1

'

I

- - + - _ .J _ - t- - - J........

�

:�

J

I

_��L_�

�

= � _ _

Fs

Ll F

I

+

- -

1 I

!

+

!

I

I

I

- - + - - � - - � - � f"-

I j

I

I

I

Fs.,.ll

-t -

I

1

!

I

I

- t- -

I

1

I

!

1

1

I

I

I

1

I

11

- l

1

I

I

1

I

-

-

�

1

!

L j

:

I

I

_ _

11 i

T - - r- - - )- -

-1- -

--+ - - I- -

I

I

1

I

I

I I I

Step frequency

(Hz)

2Fs

00 to 8, : Phase (deg) at Fo to Fg

6(Jn (In+l - (In -l where n = 1 to 8

F o

F , F 2 F s

F4 F s

Measuring Frequency

(Hz)

F 6 F ,

Fa

F ,

( 1 )

F" Fs , and F s are the 4 1 92A START FREQ, STOP FREQ, and STEP FREQ, respectively.

(2)

Measuring frequency is swept from Fo (= F , - Fs) to F, (= F, + Fs), and 00 to 0, are measured at

Fo to F, .

( 3 )

Tgo

(Group Delay) at Fn (n

B A at Fn.

:

I to 8) are calculated from the following formula and displayed with

Figure 3·13. Group Delay Measurement on Swept Frequency

3-38

Model 4192A

3-66.

Measuremc,nt ranges and resolution of the group delay measurements arc determined a utomati ca ll y by D.F

(STEP FRFQ

X cl and 68.

Secti.on HI

Paragraph 3·66

01

:'0

1 8

1 0

/

/

0 . 1

In the gTaph shown below, the solid line ( -- ) represents the boundary for resolution and the dashed line (-- -) represents the boundary for F (STED FREQ x 2). For example, it F

=

1 K Hz and

� e

=

I deg, measurement is made at the !rIs range with I Ons resolution.

O . Ol

+-

__ __

� l OOp

�J_

10c lOOn

L',F

1 1-1

50kHz

5kHz 500Hz 50Hz 5Hz

/

/

/

/

/

��

/

/

/

/

/ lOOns

*

1 ;.IS

LJ

/

/

*

/

/

/

10us

*

�J_

1 m

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

SmHz

/ /

1 001;5

*

* ims

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

�/_L� l Om

/

/ l OOm

/ /

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

L_

_L�

1 0 20 lmHz

GROUP

DELAY ( s

)

* Resolution

Note

If the DUT causes a large group delay, the 4 1 9 2 A will measure the group Jelay time before the

DUT has settled, after a frequency change. The table below lists the maximum group delay time that can be measured by the 4 1 9 2 A in each measurement mode at 8 0 % , 9 0 % and 1 00 % settled.

Measurement Mode 80%

90%

100%

AVERAGE

NORMAL ( 50 Hz ) *

NORMAL ( 60Hz )*

HIGH SPEED

1 55ms/ l 74ms

43ms/62ms

41ms/60ms

33ms/51ms

1 09ms / 1 2 2ms

30ms/43ms

29ms/42ms

23ms/36ms

36ms/4 1 ms

1 0ms/14ms

9 . 6ms/1 4ms

7 . 6ms/1 2ms

*Line frequency. ( SPOT frequency measurement ) /

( Swept frequency measurement)

Figure 3-14. Measurement Ranges and Resolution of the Group Delay Measurements

3-39

Section

I1T

Paragraphs

3-67 to 3-70

3·61. I M PEDANCE M EASU REMENT

3·68. The 4 1 nA can accurately measure the imped­ ance parameters of a component or circuit at the fre­ quency, test signal level, and dc bias level found in actual­ real world-operation.

( I ) Measuring Frequency : 5 Hz t o l 3 MHz

(2) OSC Level : 5 m Vrms to 1 . 1 Vnns

(3) DC bias voltage : - 3 5 V to +35 V

Frequency and bias can be automatically or manually swept, full range, in either direction. OSC level can also be swept (manual only) at l mV steps ( 5 mV steps at levels above l OO m V). The actual test signal voltage across the DUT, or the test signal current through the

DUT can be measured,

Instructions for impedance meansurements are given in paragraphs 3-69 through 3-108,

3·69. Measurement Functions

3-70, The 4 1 92A simultaneously measures two in­ dependent, complementary impedance parameters in each measurement cycle. This combination of measure­ ment parameters represents both the resistive and reactive

Mode1 4192A characteristics of the sample. A total of fourteen meas­ urement parameters (two are duplicates) make up the twelve sdectable parameter combinations. These meas­ urement functions are classified, for display purpose, into two groups: DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B func­ tions, as given in Table 3-1 3 , DISPLAY A function group comprises the primary measurement parameters and measured values are displayed on DISPLAY A. DIS­

PLAY B functions include a group of subordinate para­ meters, the availability of which are partially dependent on the primary function. Selected and measured values are displayed on DISPLAY B. Selectable combinations of DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B functions are listed in

Table 3-13, Measurement parameters separated by a slash

(j) in Table 3-13 are for equivalent series circuit

(�.) (left of slash) or equivalent parallel circuit

(�)

(right of slash), Refer to paragraph 3-73 for details, The 4 l 92A measures R + jX (impedance) in equivalent series circuit mode and G + jB (admittance) in equivalent parallel circuit mode. Other impedance parameters are calculated from R + jX or G + jB with the equations given in Table 3-14. Measurement results can be displayed as either deviation or percent deviation from stored reference values, Deviation measurements are described in paragraph 3-26,

Table 3-13, D I SPLAY A/B Functions for Impedance Measurements

I Z I / I YI

R/G

L

C

DISPLAY A Function

I

Absolute Impedance/Absolute Admittance

"-------

-

-_ ..

Resistance/Conductance

-

Inductance

Capacitance

; e

(deg) o (rad)

X/B

Q

D

R/G

DISPLA Y B Function

Phase Angle in degrees

Phase Angle in radians

._-

Reactance/Susceptance

Quality Factor

Dissipation Factor

Resistance/Conductance

3-40

Mode1 4192A

Table 3-14. Measurement Parameter Formulas for Impedance Measurement

Measurement

-

Parameter

I Z I

Measurement Equivalent Circuit

-- - - -o-e::J-'M-<>

�

I VR'+X'

--

.. -�

-----�--.. ----

I Y I

0

��� tan -l (X) i

VG'-+ B2 tan-1

L w

I

- wB

C

Q

D

R-

R

I X I

I B I

C;

I

G

B

I

Paragraphs

Section

III

3-71 and 3-72

3-71. Measurement Range

3-72. The 4 1 92A has two measurement range modes:

AUTO and MANUAL. The mode is set by the ZY

RANGE keys on the front-panel. When DISPLAY A function is set to I Z I 1 i y I in AUTO range mode, ranging depends on the impedance, I Z I , or the admittance, I Y I , of the DUT, When L or C is selected, ranging depends on the displayed value, I Z I and I Y I ranges and resolution are listed in Table 3-1 5 ,

When ZY RANGE is set to AUTO, the optimum range is automatically selected_ If the internal measurement circuit is saturated or the measured value exceeds the upper limit of the range ( 1 30% of full scale), the next higher range is automatically selected, If the measured value is less than the range's lower limit (1 1 % o f full scale), the next lower range is automatically selected,

When ZY RANGE is set to MANUAL, the measurement range will not change even if the measured value of the

DUT changes, If the ZY RANGE down up

( [QJ

)

(

@J

) key or key is pressed, the measurement range is changed one decade in the indicated direction, If the

Table 3-15. ZY RANGE

ZY

RANGE

I fl/lOS

IOfl/ l S

1

Measurement Range

I z

_

,-----�------c- ---II _r---��- �--�

Resolution

Measurement Range Resolution

0.000 1 ll -1 .2999fl

0.001ll -12.99%1

0.1 rnfl

I rnll

O.O I S -12.99S

0.000 I S -1 .2999S

I lOrnS

-lOklljl mS

100kflj100pS

--

I MlljlOpS

I

3-4 1

Section III

Table 3·16 internal lllc'-lSUreml'nt circuit is saturated, UC L will he displayed on

DrSPLA Y A; if the measured value ex� cecds the upper limit of the ran�,c ( 130:0 of full scale),

OF

I will be displayed on DISPLAY A.

The time required for a range change is hdween

::; 5 lllS and 40 ms at frequencies above 400 Hz. Figure 3- 15 shows the number of display digits for I Z I and I Y I meas­ urements. (The number of display digits depcnds on the tcst frequency, OSC level, and

ZY RANGE.)

Measure­ ment range for ea ch of the other parameters is discussed below.

(I) R/(;/X/B:

The measurement ranges, resolution, and number of display digits for R (resista nce) and X (react­ anee) are the same as those for

I Z I and are given in Table 3-15 and Figure 3- 15. Likewise, meas­ urement ranges, resolution, and number of display digits for

G

(conductance) and

B

(sus­ ceptance) are the same as t hose for

I Y ! .

Howev er, the upper limit of

X/B and

DISPLAY B R/G is

200% of f ull scale and the lower limit is 1 8% of full scale.

( 2) L/C :

The measurement ranges, resolution, and number of display digits for L (inductance)and C (capaci­ tance) depends on the test frequency and the ZY

RANGE (see Figure 3-16). The upper limit for L and C is 200% of full scale and the lower limit is

18% of full scale.

Model 4192A

(3) e

/Q/D

The measurement ranges and resolution f or 0

(phase anglc

1.

Q (qllality j'lctor) and D (dissipa­ tion factor) are given in TabJe 3-1 6. Number of display digiTs for e ,

Q, and

D are the sa me as that for

I Z I ane!

I Y I

(see Figure 3-ISj. When the measured v alue of I l \ or I Y I i s less than 5% of full scale,

0 ,

Q, and D rneasureml,':nt ca nnot be made and is displayed on DlSPLA Y B.

The measurement ranges for these parameters are selected automatically. If the measued value exceeds the limit of the display, OF2 will be displayed on the corresponding display.

Table

3·16. Measurement Range of

0/0/0

Measurement

Parameter

I

I

Measurement Range

I

Resolution f----- 0

) _ o (rad)

I i

L

-

7r --

°

1.000

.OOOO -+ 1.0000

J

!

I

0

0.001

0.0001 f------ -

Q

I + 1 .000 -+_"

0 - 1 999.9

,

I .

0.001

0. 1

--

D o - 1.9999 I 0.0001

2.000 - 19.999

!

0.00 I

3-42

Mode1 4192A

Display Digits for I Z I Measurements

(

X, X, t t

�

X

(Digits)

- -

- --�

Section

HI

Figure

3-1 5

L �

HIGH SPEED

NORMAL

AVERAGE

,

Frequency <400 Hz

4 . 3 . 3

3 . 3 . 2 4 . 4 . 3 3 . 2 . 2

0 . 3

2 . 2 . 1

4 . 3 , 2 3 . 3 . 2 o . I

2 . 1 . 1

3 , 2 . 2

50

3Dm

IOn

,

Kat

Useable

I

1 . 1 ,-

2 . 2 .

1

2 . 2 . 'I

. 1 . 1

.-

_

2 .

1

.

1

I Q

2 . 1 . 1

100 1 K

I Z I RANGE

(ll)

I

400 Hz"; Frequency

I O K

I lOOK '"

,.-

_ _

--,

4 . 3 . 2

4 . 4 . .3

0 . 3

4 . 3 . 3 3 . 2 . 2

3 . 2 , 2

�

0 . 1

4 . 3 . 2

4 . 3 . 2

3 . 3 . 2

2 . 2 . 1

,..,

U

30m

Not

Useable

3 . 2 . 2

3 . 2 . 2

10m

2 . 2 . 2

Srn

1 0 100 1 k

IZI RANGE (ll )

I

1 0 K lOOK

Figure 3-15. Display Digits for

I

Z

I1 I

Y

I

Measurements (sheet 1 of 2)

2 . 1 .

1

1 .

1

I M

3-43

3-44

Section III

Figure 3-15

Display Digits for

I Y I

Measurements

L

Model 4192A

(1 t i{��:�,,",�

NORMAL

- AVERAGE

4 . 3 . 3

4 . 4 . 3

3 . 3 .3

3 . 2 . 2

4 . 3 . 3

2 . 1 . '

3 . 2 . 1

3 . 3 . 2

3 . 2 . 2

. 2 . 2 . 1

2 . 1 . 1

IYI

RANGE (S)

400 Hz:; Frequency

4 . 3 . 2

3.2.1

0.3

4 . 4 . 3

2 . 1 . 1 3 . 2 . 2

4 . 3 . 3

O . '

3 . 2 . 1

4 . 3 . 2

3.3.2

30m

Not

Useable

4 . 3 . 3

3 . 2 . 2

2 . 1 . 1

10�

3 . 3 . 3

51 ,

10

1 lOOm 10� 1 �

I

100'_

IYI

RANGE

(S)

Figure

3·15.

Display Digits for

121/

I Y I

Measurements (sheet 2 of 2)

3 . 2 . 2

2 . 2 . 2

10'"

Model 4 1 92A

Measurement Ranges, Resolution, and Display Digits for L Measurements (Specified by I Z I RANGE).

Section

III

Figure

3-16

--

I

H

-

--WH--

-

IOOH lnH

IOOpr'

- )()"H

+--++---+- j

5

10 lOG Ik IOk 100;' It;

Me3Su�ement frequenty

(HI)

IOM n�1

Measurement Ranges, Resolution, and Display Digits for C Measurements (Specified by I Y I RANGE).

I

10i S

WOn,

- 0. " "

100,;S

'''

1 lmS

! Y I R�nge

I

O m

S

I ,,,,

-IO"F jlO(},F

- W"C- . WO", f··-l,.r

- 1 0".'

-

'

"

1 -

IOnF -WO"'

--

"

-

,

,"',

,

-

.

""'

-

- - w",'

- - w,,,, .. woe" ........

,

-- IpF

. woe, .

_10"

,

"

- I Off - ;0",

-- - i fi' --w,-

--

'

"'

"

,00",

W",

"

. 10"'"

'''

-lOM-

- -w,'-

1 -

"

"

, -

1lOpf

lpr

-

lOOmS

-''''''-

-IO�F - IOGeC

WO,''

1--

]" ,

IOOd

,,,

I "

1-

- w",

,

1,,,,

,;

- - ·',Ct

-1i

c o.,, hr--

W"

- lnF

30"

)OS

--- lOmf-

--W,- - W""" - - In,--

I O O , f

10,·, -

- 1 03",

10"

1 ,00",

-

'

''

'

IOOpF-

-

-

-

-

-

-

- -

5

,

!

,

1 0

"

, i '-

.

,

1

,

"

� ,

100

" h

.. �

. i

!

I

-

- -- -�

I�

, :

--

3

--;;-

I�

- -- -

I

1 i

- -

, i "

,

, " ,

--

"'t

,

.-;

,-

'-<1

IOk OOk

!

]M IOM dM

Measw'ement rrpque�ty (flz)

Note: Display digits for LIC

=

Display digit of

I Z I / I Y I in Figure 3-15

-

Number in above figure. Shaded areas indicate that measurement cannot be peljormed.

Figure 3�16. Measurement Ranges, Resolution and Display Digits for

LIe

Measurements.

3-45

Section HI

Paragraphs 3-7:' and

3-74

3-73.

Circuit

Mode

3-74. An impedance element (an be represented by a simple series or parallel equivalent circuit comprised of resistive and reactive elements. This representation is possible by either of the (series or parallel) equivalents because both have identical impedances at the selected measurement frequency by properly estabHshing the values of the equivalent circuit elements. The �:quiva­ lent circuit to be measured is selected hy setting the

CIRCUIT MODE control. When the CIRCUIT MODE is set to AUTO, the 4 1 92A will automatically select either parallel or series equivalent circuit mode as appropriate for the ZY RANGE as shown in Figure

3 - 1 7 . In the figure, the CIRCUIT MODE does not change at l OOn/lOOmS to I Ohl/ 1 mS (measurement can be performed not only in equivalent series circuit [�] mode but equivalent parallel circuit

[ 0-L� ] mode as well). By setting CIRCUIT MODE manually, either of the circuit modes is useable at all measurement ranges.

As already stated, the 4 1 92A measures R + jX (imped­ ance) when the CIRCUIT MODE is set to equivalent series circuit and G + jB (admittance) when the CIRCUIT

MODE is set to equivalent parallel circuit. Other imped­ ance parameters are calculated from these measured values with the equations given in Table 3 - 1 4. I z l and

I Y I are not related to the CIRCUIT MODE. However,

I Z I is selected when the CIRCUIT MODE is set to AUTO or oCJ--.W,-o is set to and I Y I is selected when the CIRCUIT MODE

� .

Capacitance and inductance measure­ ments can be performed in not only equivalent series circuit

(�). mode but also equivalent parallel circuit

However, measured values in both modes are different. The difference in measued values is related to the loss factor of the sample to be measured. When the conditions for the following equations are satisfied, the parallel and series circuits have equal impedance (at a particular frequency point).

G + jB =

R + jX

Model 4 1 92A

Expanding the above equation, we have

G

+ . C -

R + ..1_

R2

+ w Cs

-'-w

I

S

2 where, Cs (= wx) : equivalent series circuit capacitance. capacitance.

Obviously, if no series resistance (R) and parallel con­ ductance (G) are present, the equivalent series circuit capacitance (Cs) and equivalent parallel circuit capaci­ tance (Cp) are identical. Likewise, if R and G are not present, the equivalent series circuit inductance (Ls) and equivalent parallel inductance (Lp) are identical.

However, a sample value measured in a parallel measure­ ment circuit can be correlated with that of a series circuit by a simple conversion fonnula which considers the effect of dissipation factor. See Table 3- 1 7 . Figure 3 - 1 8 graphically shows the relationships o f parallel and series parameters for various dissipation factor values. Ap­ plicable diagrams and equations are given in the chart.

For example, a parallel capacitance (Cp) of 1000pF with a dissipation factor of 0.5 is equivalent to a series capacitance (Cs) of 1 2S0pF with an identical dissipation factor. As shown in Figure 3-18, inductance or capaci­ tance values for parallel and series equivalents aTe nearly equal when the dissipation factor is less than 0.03. The dissipation factor of a component always has the same o-CI-'M-o

�

I

---

11l/10S

I

101l/1 S

ZY RANGE

1 1001l/100ms I ;�;:;;;oms 1 10kll/lmS i l00kll/l00MS i 1MIl/l0llS

Figure 3·17. Auto Changing of the Measurement Equivalent CirCUit

3-46

Model 4192A

Section HI

Paragraphs

3-7::; and 3-76

Table 3- 17. Dissipation Factor Equations

I-_Crl ircuit �:de _+---_D_i

_

-r------------,-----------------pa_ _ _ _a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

-1

C

L

-T � i

I �

I

_ t-�

D

D

-

, wgp

"C,R

-

-WLs

-

-

'

D - WLPG -.

-6·

�---

6

--

Cs

-

( I + 02 )

Cp,

R

-

I

�;;j /;

_ c_p_-."". -_I_�_\)

Ls

__

- llD2

S,_('�-�_1_�_�_2-""_-._-_=�=-_-

Lp,

R

-

_1C"+"D��T2 b

---- -

Lp - (1 +D2) Ls, G

1

+ 02 R

-

-I

In ordinary LCR measuring instruments, the measure� predetermined equivalent circuit with respect to either the selected range or to the dissipation factor value of lity of the 4192A, which is free from these restrictions, permits taking measurements in the desired circuit mode those obtained by another instrument. This obviates the inconvenience and necessity of employing instru­ respondence.

,

(F

�

100+

,

�-

1/

1 / /

-

�

, i '

,

�L

I

�CS"(I+DZ)CP

,

/

/

/

// V

10

0 f/

I

I

10 o. ,

-

-

I I

,

Figure

3-18.

Parallel and Series Parameter Relationship

3-75. Unkown Terminals

3-76. For connecting the sample to be tested, the 4192A configuration, which has a significant measuring advantage for component parameter measurements requiring high mutual inductance, interference of the measurement sig­ nals, and unwanted residual factors in the connection significantly affect the measurement at a high frequency.

The four terminal pair configuration measurement per­ the measurement limitations inherent in such effects. To construct this terminal architecture, connection of a or test leads in a four terminal pair configuration design.

UNKNOWN terminals consist of four connectors: tial (LpOT) and Low current (LcuR), The purpose of current to flow through the sample. The Potential ter­ minals are for detecting the voltage drop across the sam� to low side potential) drawn from the internal measure­ ment signal source. To compose a measurement circuit

HpOT � LpOT and LCUR terminals must be respectively connected together and, in addition, the shields of all

Figure 3-19). Principle of the four terminal configuration the arrangement appears to be an expanded four terminal

3-47

Section HI

Figure 3-19 and 3 -20 method with a built-in guard structure. This is true. Thus, ments \vhile providing the shielding required for high im­ pedance measurements. The distinctive feature of the conductor works as the return path for the measurement signal current. The same current flows through both the opposite directions) yet no external magnetic fields are generated around the conductors (the magnetic fields cancel each other). Because the measurement signal current does not develop an inductive magnetic field, the errors due to self-or mutual-inductance between the indi­ vidual leads. Hence, the four terminal pair method en­ any stray capacitance and residual inductance in the test

Note: If residual inductance does exist in test leads, it affects measurements and the resultant additional measurement error increases in capacitance measurements in proportion to the square of the measurement frequency.

A

I

I

1--......-

T

I

I

I

I I

I

DUT

I

I

I

/'..,

.... ....

.....

I

I

-,

I

I

I

I I

I

Model 4192A

Figure

3-19.

Four Terminal Pair OUT Connections

HCUR

DUT

•

Detects vector voltage across

OUT

LpOT

LCUR

Detects vector current flow through DUT

Figure

3-20.

Four Terminal Pair Measurement Principle

3-48

Model 41 92A

3·77.

Selection of Test Cable Length

3-78. The propagation signal in a transmission line will develop a change in phase between two points on the line as illustrated in Figure 3-2 1 . The difference in phase corresponds to the ratio of the distance between the two points to the wavelength of the propagating signal. Con· sequently, owing to their length) test cables for connect­ ing a sample will cause a phase shift and a propagation loss of the test signal., For example. the wavelength of a

1 3 MHz test signal is 23 meters which is 23 times as long as the I m standard test cables. Here. the phase of the test signal at the end of the test cable will have been shifted by about 1 5 . 6 degrees (360° ';' 23) as referenced to the phase at the other end of the cable. Since the effect of test cables on measurements and the resultant measurement error increase in proportion to the test frequency. cable length must be taken into consideration in high frequency measuremnts. The CABLE LENGTH switch selects measuring circuitry for the I m standard test cables or for a test fixture attached directly to the

UNKNOWN terminals. When standard I m test cables are used for measurements, the CABLE LENGTH switch is set to the I m position to properly adapt measuring circuit for the test cables and to minimize additional measurement errors. The 0 position is selected for direct attachment type test t1xtures.

Notes:

1. When the HP1 6047B Test Fixture is used with the

4192A. set CABLE LENGTH switch to 1 m position.

2. If test cable is longer or shorter than the standard 1 m test cable, the additional error contributed is pro­ portional to the square of the frequency. As the characteristic impedance of the test cable is also a e,

�

�

Test Cable

./ �

82- 8 1 "

1.

WOve

�

A'

2 Jt .£

( ra d ian )

( l r o d

" 57.2958Q) factor in the propagation loss and phase shifi (and of resultant measurement error), using different type test cables must be avoided. Be sure to use the standard test cables available from Hewletl·Packard.

3. To minimize incremental measurement errors at fre­ quencies above 4MIiz, convert four terminal pair to three terminal configuration at cahie ends by con­ necting High and Low side cables. respectirely, with low impedance straps as illustrated (do not extend cables of four terminal pair}, The residual error factors, L o and Co, are shown in the jigure.

LCUR LPOT

Section III

Paragraphs 3·77 to 3-81

HPOT

HCUR

3·79.

ZERO offset procedure.

L

0

� ",-1""0

Co

U",,

�

J

Z E RO Offset Adjustment j

3-80. There is no perfect test fixture. They all have parasitic elements that affect measurement accuracy.

This is also true of the measurement circuit. To minimize the effect these parasitic elements have on measurements, the 4 1 92A is equipped with an automatic ZERO offset adjustment capability. Refer to Figure 3·30 for the

3·8 1 . The 4 1 92A measures R ± jX (impedance) in equivalent series circuit mode and G ± jB (admittance) in equivalent parallel circuit mode. All other impedance parameters are calculated from R ± jX or G ± jB (refer to paragraph 3·69). When one of the other impedance parameters is measured (after offset adjustment), com­ pensation is made on the raw measurement data (R ± jX or G ± jB) before conversion into the selected parameter.

( I ) ZERO SHORT

All measurement errors are represented as two series residual parameters R + jX as shown in

Figure 3-22 and measured values are compensated with following equations.

D U T j--o

Figure

3-21.

Te-st

Signal Phase on Test Cables

Figure

3-22.

Residual Impedance

3·49

Section

III

Table 3-18

Rc!

� where

The

Rs, Rs ZERO SHORT offset data

4 1 92A calculates ZERO SHORT offset data

Model 4192A

Table

3- ! 8 and compensates measured values at

(2) ZERO OPEN

An measllrem,;nt errors are represented as two

G + jB, as shown in

Measurement

1Hz)

5 - 500

500 - lOOk l OOk - l M

Table 3-18. ZERO Offset Adjustments

ZERO Offset Adjustments

SHORT OPEN'

ZERO offset adjustment must be performed at each spot frequency. For example, offset adjustment at 5 Hz is not valid a t 6Hz.

ZERO SHORT offset at 100kHz is valid for all frequendes from 500Hz to 1 00kHz.

ZERO SHORT offset data is automatically recalculated for each frequency within a given frequency range if ZERO SHORT offset is performed at the maximum frequency of that range. used for this are as follows:

The equations

Rc = Rs X

1 X

1 X

VFril

VFS

Xc =

Xs X

Fm

Fs

ZERO OPEN offset data is automatically recalculated for each frequency within a given frequency range if

ZERO OPEN offset is performed at 1 MHz. The equa�

Hons used for this are as follows:

Gc

�

Go

Bc

::=

Bo

X Fm

GD

�

Gm - Gc BD = Bm - Bc

RD

�

Rm - Rc XD = Xm - Xc l M - l O M

ZERO

OPEN offset data is automatically recalculated for each frequency within a given frequency range if ZERO OPEN offset is performed at the maximum frequency of that range. The equations used for this are the same as those used in the 500Hz to I M Hz range.

1 0 M - 1 3 M

ZERO SHORT offset data is automatically recalculated for each frequency within a given frequency range if ZERO SHORT offset is performed at I O MHz.

The equations used for this are the same as those used in the 100kHz to I O MHz range.

Fm

:

Measuring frequency

Fs

(MHz)

Frequency at which ZERO SHORT offset adjustment is performed

ZERO OPEN offset data is automatically recalculated for each frequency within a given frequency range if

ZERO OPEN offset is performed at l O MHz, The equations used for this are the same as those used in the 500 Hz to 1 MHz range.

Fo Frequency at which ZERO OPEN offset adjustment is performed

Rc, Xc, Gc, Bc

Recalculated offset data

Rs, Xs ZERO SHORT offset data

Go, Bo

ZERO OPEN offset data

Ro , Xo, G o , BD

Displayed value of DUT

Rm,

Xm,

Gm, Gm

*

Value measured by the 4192A includes offset error.

The ZERO OPEN offset adjustment should be performed at each measuring frequency in measurements on grounded devices.

3-50

Model 4192A

Section III

Paragraphs 3-X2 to 3-84

� where Gd, Bd Displayed Values,

Go, Ba ZERO OPEN offset data

The

4 1 92A calculates ZERO OPEN offset data at data at a particular frequency as shown in Table

3- 1 8

Figure

3·23.

Stray Admittance

3·82, Actual Measurement Equivalent Circuit

The measuring circuit used to connect a test part of the sample which the instrument measures. The

4 1 92A offers minimum residual impedance in the measuring circuit. However, the four terminal pair meas­ configuration at/near to the sample because ordinary components have two terminal leads, Moreover, addi­ illustrates such stray capacitances present around the component leads.

Diverse parasitic elements existing in the meas­ uring circuit between the unknown device and the and reactive factors in series and conductive and suscep-

LOh

Ro C02

�LO

C03 Ro

Figure

3-24.

Parasitic Elements Incident to

OUT

Connections

tive factors in parallel with the test component. Figure

3�25

�

.( 2

�

$

B2.

- - r-.......

-4

L

Go

Co

....

Ro

2

- - ­

S

G + j B

Measured impedance (Rm + jXm) is:

Rm jXm

�

=

( 1 f wCoX + RGo)' + (wRCo + GoX)2

+

+ Ro

Measured admittance (Gm + jBm) is:

Gm

�

G

1 1

+ GRo) + RoB2

J

'B m

= J

(l - wLoB + GRa)' + (wGLo + RoB)'

'{

( 1

( 1

+ Go

+ C

0

}

Figure

3-25.

Equivalent Circuits Including Residual Impedance

3-5 1

Section m

Paragraph J -8 5

\ j

Ro

Lo

Gx ex

Go

Effect of residual impedance on C G measurement:

Cm

'" ex

(l + w2 LoCx

---

2 Ro(;x - LoGx'/Cx)

Gm

'"

Gx ( 1 + 2w' LoCx - RoGx + w ' RoCx'/Gx)

Effect of stray admittance on L " R measurement :

----c]:J----

Lx Rx

Lm

'"

Lx ( 1 - 2GoRx + w ' CoLx - CoRx'/Cx)

Rm

'"

Rx ( l - GoRx + 2w' CoLx - w ' Lx' Go/Rx)

Figure

3·26.

Effects of Residual Impedance

Model 4192A called residual parameters). In the equivalent measuring circuit (Figure 3-25), Lo represents residual inductances in test component leads, Ro is lead resistance. Go is con­ ductance between the leads, and Co is the stray capaci­ tance illustrated in Figure 3-24_ Reactive factors in the residual impedance and susceptive factors in the stray admittance have a greater effect on measurement at higher frequencies, test fixture used). This is because Lo and Co are peculiar to the component being measured. Their values depend on component lead length and on the distance between the sample and test fixture. The measurement results, then, are substantially the sample values including the parasitic impednaces present under the conditions neces­ sary to connect and hold the sample.

3-85. Figure 3-26 shows the effect of residual imped­ ance on C - G measurement and the effect of stray admittance on L - R measurement Generally, Lo resonates with the capacitance of the sample (series resonance) and Co resonates with the inductance of the sample (parallel resonance), respectively, at a specific high frequency. Thus, the impedance of the test sample will have a minimum value corresponding to resonant peaks, as shown in Figure 3-27. The presence of Lo and

Co causes measurement errors, as the phase of the test signal current varies over a broad frequency region around the resonant frequencies. Additional errors, due to the resonance, increase in proportion to the square of the measurement frequency (below resonant frequency) and can be theoretically approximated as follows:

CERROR

LERROR

'"

'" w' LoCx

•

1 00 (%) w'CoLx ' l OO (%) where, w 21ff (f : test frequency)

Cx ::::: Capacitance value of sample.

Lx Inductance value of sample,

At low frequencies, Lo and Co affect the measured in­ ductance and capacitance values, respectively, as simple additive errors, These measurement errors cannot be fully eliminated by the ZERO offset adjustment (which permits compensating for residual factors inherent in the

3-52 e

IZI

Figure

3-27.

IZI

Effect of Resonance in Sample

Model 4192A

3-86. Measured Values and Behavior of Components

3�87. Measured resistive and reactive (conductive or susceptive) parameter values of a component are not always close to their respective nominal values. In addition, certain electrical effects can cause the measure­ ment to vary widely. Measured sample values include factors which vary such values because of electromagnetic effecls such as the well-known skin effect of a conductor, the general characteristics of ferromagnetic indudor cores, and effects of dielectric materials in capacitors.

Here, we'll discuss only the effects which result from the interaction of the reactive (susceptive) parameter elements (L, C, etc.) of a component.

Section

III

Paragraphs 3-86 to 3-90 vector, phase angle,

0 , dominates their values. Consider, for example, the inductance and the loss of an inductive component at frequencies around its self-resonant fre­ quency. Figure 3-29 shows the equivalent circuit of the inductor. The inductance Lx resonates with the dis­ tributt;d capacitance Co at frequency ro. The phase angle

(e ) of the impedance vector approachcs 0 degrees (the vector approaches the R axis) when the operating fre­ quency is close to the resonant frequency. Thus, the inductance of this component decreases while, on the other hand, the resistive factor (loss) increases. At the resonant frequency, fo, this component is purely resistive.

The e ffective resistance increases at resonance even if the inductor has (ideally) no resistance at dc. Conse­ quently, the loss factor varies sharply at frequencies around the resonance point.

3-88. The impedance of a component can be expressed in vector representation by a complex number as shown in Figure 3-28. In such representation, the effective resistance and effective reactance correspond to the pro­ jections of the impedance vector

I Z I < 0, that is, the real

(R) axis and the imaginary UX) axis, respectively.

When phase angle, e , changes, both Re and X change in accordance with the definitions above. As component measurement parameters L, C, R, D, etc., are also re­ presentations of components related to the impedance

3-89. Measurement Time

3-90. Table 3-1 9 shows the measurement times for im­ pedance measurements made with the 4 l 92A.

Figure

3·28.

Impedance Vector Representation

Rx Lx

-jx

�� ��f�O

___

R

Figure

3·29.

Typical Impedance Locus of an Inductor

3-53

Section In

Table

3·19

Mode! 4192A

IZII IYI

8

RIG - XIB

LIC -

DIQIRIG

HIGH SPEED

Table 3-19. Measurement Time for I mpedance Measurement

5

�

15

50[00 + 57, 5

Measurement Frequency (Hz)

15

�

150

150 '�400 400 '� 1 16k 16k �' 13M

f

.

70 � 84 77 - 9 1

NORMAL

AVERAGE

5000 + 59 � 5000 + 70 f

-

1 5 000 f

+ f

+ .

15000 f

+ f + "-

1 060 � 1073

1 5 9

� 172 166� 179

1067�]()80

HIGH SPEED

50f 00 + 45.5

58 65

NORMAL

AVERAGE

5000 + 47 f

15000 + 48

[

1048

147 154

1055

HIGH SPEED

63 � 67

70�

74

NORMAL

AVERAGE

5000 + 52

[

[

�

�

+ 55

15000 + 52 f

_

15000 + 55 f

15000 + 52

[

1052 - 1055

152 � 155 159� 162

1059 -1 062

50[00 + 47.5

HIGH SPEED

60

67

IZII I YI*

NORMAL

AVERAGE

5000 + 49

[

1 5000 + 50 f

1 5 000 + 49

[

1050

1 49 156

1057

50[00 + 4 1 .5

HIGH SPEED 54 61

RIX* NORMAL

AVERAGE

5000 + 41

[

15000 + 43 f

15000 + 41

[

1 043

141

148

1050

HIGH SPEED

1 5

�

00 + 44.5

57 64

LIC*

NORl\1AL

AVERAGE

5000 + 45

[

15000 + 46

[

15000 + 45

[

1046

145 152

1053

Measurement times are typical values in ms; f : measuring frequency (Hz).

* :

Measurement times for

I

Z i

1 1 Y I ,

R/X and

Lie are times at single measurements by setting an internal switch

(refer to paragraph

3-139),

3-54

Model 4192A

3·95. I mpedance Measurement Operating Instructions

3-96. Basic operating instructions for impedance. meas­ urements are given in Figure 3-30.

Paragraphs

Section

HI

3·95 and 3·96

(I) Turn O n and Test Fixture Connection a. Press the LINE ON/OFF key to turn the 4 1 92A on. b. Following turn on, the instrument will perform the following operations in the order listed.

2

Initial operational check is performed (refer to paragraph 3-7).

HP-IB address, set by the HP-IB control switch on rear-panel (refer to paragraph 3-1 1 7), is displayed on

DISPLAY A (e.g., H-17).

3

Initial control setting is performed (refer to paragraph 3-9). c. Confirm that 4 1 92A trigger lamp begins to flash. d. Press the BLUE key and then the SELF TEST key to check the basic operation of the instrument. Refer to paragraph 3-7 for details on the SELF TEST.

Note: The 4I92A requires a one hour warm up lime to satisfy all specifications listed in Table

1-1. e. Set the CABLE LENGTH switch to the 0 position.

Note: Set the CABLE LENGTH switch to appropriate position when other test fixtures are used. Guard terminal is sometimes used in high impedance measurements. f. Connect the 1 6047A Test Fixture to the UNKNOWN terminals.

(2) Setting Measurement Conditions a. Select the desired DISPLAY A parameter by pressing the

IQ] or

@]

(up-down) key. The indicator lamp adjacent to the selected parameter will come on (refer to paragraph 3-69). b. Select the desired DISPLAY B parameter (compatible with the DISPLAY A parameter selected in step a) by pressing the

@] key (refer to paragraph 3-69). c. Select the desired equivalent circuit modc, series (

<>-CJ-Wro

) or parallel (

�

)

, by pressing CIRCllT

MODE keys for selected DISPLAY A function (refer to paragraph 3-73). d. Select the desired ZY RANGE by pressing the

IQ] or

@]

(up-down) key (refer to paragraph 3-71). e. Press SPOT FREQ key. Set the desired spot frequency (initial setting is 1 00kHz) with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-29) and press the appropriate ENTER key.

(Example)

Spot frequency

=

Key strokes :

7.5MHz

SlOe

G I2J 0 G 0

The spot frequency setting, 7500.000 kHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C (Test Parameter Data Dis­ play).

Figure

3«30.

Operating Instructions for Impedance Measwaments (Sheet

1

of

3)

3-57

Section lIT

Figure 3·30

Model 4192A f.

Press the OSC

LEVEL key. Set the dl'sir�'d. DW<1suring: signal level (initial setting valuE' is 1

V) with the

DAT A input keys (ref,"" to paragraph 3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key"

(hample)

OSC level

-

"

Kl�Y strokes .

The OSC level setting,

750mV

C)"C

" C " ' "

'HI ,nV

[:J Ci] [5J 0 0

O.750V, is displayed on DISPLAY C.

(3) ZERO Offset Adjustments

Note: When the 1 604 7B rest Fixture is used, close the protective cover to enable measurement. Closing the cover electrically connects the instrument's UNKNOWN terminals to the fixture; opening the cover dis­ connects the fixture from terminals. a. Insert a low impedance shorting-bar to the Test Fixture to short-circuit the UNKNOWN terminals to

(OH). on b. Press the BLUE key and then the ZERO SHORT key. Indicator lamp will come on and R (resistance) and

X (reaetance) offset adjustments are automatically performed at the spot frequency displayed on DISPLAY

C (refer to paragraph 3-79). CAL (calibration) is displayed on DISPLAY A and will remain until the offset adjustment is completed ; a value of approximately zero will then be displayed.

Key strokes :

(

�HCRl

Blue ) [2] c. Remove the shorting-bar from the test fixture. d. Set the circuit mode to

� e. Press the BLUE key and the ZERO OPEN key. Indicator lamp will come on and G (conductance) and B

(susceptance) offset adjustments are automatically performed at the spot measuring frequency displayed on

DISPLAY C (refer to paragraph 3-79). CAL (calibration) is displayed on DISPLAY A and will remain until the offset adjustment is completed; a value of approximately zero will then be displayed.

Key strokes :

(4) Connecting a DUT (Device Under Test) a. Conneet a DUT to Test Fixture.

Note To accurately set the test signal level, use the TEST LEVEL MONITOR key to monitor the actual test signal level applied to the DUT (voltage or curren t! (reler to paragraph 3-9 J). If necessary, reset

OSC LE VEL at step

(3)-(U b. The 4 l 92A will automatically display the measured values of the DUT in accordance with the measurement conditions.

Figure

3-30.

Operating Instructions for Impedance Measurements (Sheet

2

of

3)

3-58

Model 4J92A

3-91. Test Signal Level Monitor

3-9'2. The 4 1 92A can m\.';lsure the actual te�t signal voltage (V) across the DUT or test signal current (mA) through the DUT by using TEST LEVEL MONITOR key.

The measured value is displayed on the Test Parameter

Data Display.

Key strokes (voltage)

:

Key strokes (current) : l!�t�Mi:;�l

G

�J

Y"'i< in Table 3-20. The accuracies listed in the table are not specifications; they are typical values. The read out of test signal voltage will normally be close to the setting of the OSC LEVEL. However, when a low impedance com-

Section UT

Paragraphs 3·9 i and 3·92 ponent (less than approximately 1 k fn is connected to thc UNKNOWN terminals as " DUT. the test signal volt­ age decn:ases because of internal l oading. Actual test signal voltage is, thus, lower than the OSC LEVEL setting. fhe displayed value, neverthdess, h; the correct voltage/current readout for the test signal level actually being used in the measurement.

When test cables are used in high frequency mcasure­ ments, accuracy of the displayed test voltage is reduced.

This is because the propag:ltjon loss in the test cables decreases the level of the test signal applied to the sample.

The typical accuracies at frequencics above ] MHz, given in Table 3-20, apply only when a direct attachment type test fixture is used.

Table 3-20, Test Signal Level Monitor Accuracy

Measurement Mode Measurement Range Resolution Measuring Frequency

Voltage

Current

S mV - ! . l V

I MA - I l mV

I mV

I MA

Accuracy*

,; 1 00Hz

±

« 4 + I O/f) % of reading + I mV)

100Hz - I MHz

±

( 4% of reading + I m V)

2 I MHz

±

« 4 + O.SF) % of reading + I mV)

,;:

1 00 Hz

±

« 4 + 10jf) % of reading + 1 MA)

1 00Hz - I MHz

±

( 4% of reading + I MA)

2 1 MHz

±

« 4 + O.SF) % of reading + I MA)

* at 23°C

±

SOC, f : measuring frequency (Hz), F : measuring frequency (MHz).

3-55

Section

IH

Paragraphs

1-93 and 3-94

3·93,

Characte,;stics of Test Fixtures

3-94. Characteristics and applicahle mt:asurement ranges of

HP test fixtures and test leads for the 4 1 92A are sum­ marized in Table 3-2 1 . To facilitate measurement and to minimize measurement errors, a test fixture appropriate for the measurement should be chosen from among HP's standard accessories. Select the test fixture or leads that have the desired perfonnance characteristics.

Model 4192A

Model No.

16047A

Table 3·21. Typical Cha,acte,istics of Test Fixtu,es and Leads

Residual Parameter Value

%

of Reading Error (All Parameters)*l

± 5

X

Offset Value in

D

±

0,02 x

(1..)2

16047B*2

16047C

16048A

± I X

(:0)'

%

±

0,01

X

(1..)2

± 5

X

2

0 02

X

16048B

16048C'3

16034B*'

C < 5pF, L < 200nH, R < IOmn

C < 0,02pF, L < 30 nH, R < 30mn

±

5 X

(TO)2 %

2

16095A*S

C <:; 15pF, L <:; 40 n H, R <:; 100mn

16096A*6

C <:; O,OlpF, L <:; (100

+

O.5f' ) nH,

R<:; (50

+

5f') mn f : frequency

(M

Hz)

*1

The incremental errors calculated from the equations in the table for measurements at frequencies above 1 MHz are additive.

*2

The 16047B is useable only at frequencies below 2MHz.

*3

*"

:

The 16048C is useable with C (> IOOOpF) and L

(> IOOJ,lH) DUT's at frequencies below 100kHz.

The 1 6034B is useable for measurements on high impedance DUI's

( IZI> SOn).

*5

When BNC adapter is used.

*"

:

At BNC connector after zero offset.

3-56

Model 4192A

Section m

Figure

3-30

CA UTIO NS

1 ) Do not apply voltn.ge to the

L r'lTR or

L pOT terminals. To do so may damage th(� instrurnent.

2) The 4 1 9 2 A ean be used to m easure charged capacitors; however, charge voltage is limited.

If the limit is ex(�ceded, Le.� if the charge voltage is too high, the instru ment may be damaged. The limit depends on whether the 4 1 9 2A'8 internal dc bins source is ON or

OFF and the capacitance of the capacitor being measured. Refer to the graph below. Also, when the bias source is ON, output voltage should be set to �V.

3) When m akin�r, impedance m easure ments on an active cireuit (e.g., voltage source, battery, etc.), DO NOT allow a de voltage exceeding ± I OV to be applied to the HcuR term inal. To do so may dam age the instrument. Also, in these measurements, the 4 1 9 2 A becomes pnrt of the load (parallel) on the de voltage present in the c ircuit under test. Refer to the table below. When the de bias voltage of the circuit is higher than ± l OV, connect " 2.211F (or less) capacitor in series w ith the HCUR term inal to block the dc bias voltage. If a suitable capacitor is not available from conventional sources, order HP Part No.: 0 1 6 0-0 1 2 8, 2. 211F,

50V.

The 1 60 9 5 A Probe Fixture is equipped w ith this blocking capacitor, the 1 6 096A, however, is not. When the 1 6 096A is used, connect the blocking capacitor to the SHORT/EXTERNAL

CAP term inals instead of the short-connector. With the blocking capacitor connected, the output im pedance of the test signal source is increased and, thus, the signal level is reduced. Consequently, accurate impedance measurements on active c ircuits are possible only above a specified frequency for a given

I

Z

I range. Refer to the graph below. For example, if the impedance of the DUT is 9k" , the 4 1 92A automatically selects the 1 0k " range. On this range, w ith the 2 .211F capacitor connected, the lowest useable frequency is approximately 80Hz. At frequencies below 80Hz, accuracy of m easurem ent results decreases. For measurements at lower frequencies, a higher value blocking capacitor must be used. To measure the 9 k " D U T mentioned above at 1 0Hz, for example, a blocking capacitor of approximately 1 211F must be used.

To change the value of the blocking capacitor in the 1 6095A, an external capac itor must be connected to the EXT CAPACITOR terminals. The value of this capacitor must be equal to the desired blocking capacitor value (determ ined from the graph) minus 2 . 211F (the value of the blocking capacitor in the l 6 0 9 5 A). When the value of the blocking capacitor is higher than 2 . 211F, the maximum allowable dc bias voltage is ± I OV. NEVER apply a dc voltage exceeding ± 3 5V to the HctJRterminal.

100

�

>

100

F

"0

50 £

BIAS ON

OFF

100)..1 tm

Capac Hance ( F )

Measurement Frequency

ZY RANGE

DC Load s l k>1

1 40>1

10Gm

@ < 38kHz l O k >1

980"

�. c

C

10

L'

� c·

2.2

�100k"

8. 4k" l�ea Sllrement Frequency (Hz)

@ ?: 38k

Hz

S 1 k>1

� lOk >1

1 40 "

1 60>1

Figure

3-30.

Operating Instructions for Impedance Measurements (Sheet

3

of

3)

3-59

Section III

Paragraphs 3-97 and 3-98

3-97. Swept Frequency Measurements

3-98. Basic operating instructions for swept-frequency impedance measurements are given in Figure 3-3 1 .

Model 4192A

Votes: ], Before proceeding with the procedure given below. set the 4]92A 's controls as necessary for an impedance measurement. Refer to Figure 3-30.

2, The 419:JA has a ZERO ol/.'et adjustment function to eliminate the residual impedance and stray ad­ mittance of the test fixture and test leads, ZERO offset adjustment should be performed at each spot

(measuring) frequency, However, the 4] 92A calculates ZERO offset data (SHOR T and OPEN) at other frequencies using the ZERO offset data taken at a particular frequency as shown in Table 3-] 8 and compen­ sates measured values at o ther frequencies, When a swept-frequency measurement is performed, ZERO offset adjustment should be performed at the appropriate frequency in accordance with Table 3-] 8, In this procedure (Example STA R T FREQ

=

1 00 kHz and STOP FREQ

=

1MHz), ZERO offset adjustment

(SHORT and OPEN) should be performed at ]MHz,

( 1 ) Setting Sweep Parameters a, Press the START FREQ key, Set the start (lower limit) frequency (initial setting value is 5 Hz) of the desired sweep frequency range with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-24) and press the appro­ priate ENTER key,

(Example) Start frequency

=

1 00 kHz

Key strokes : kH, "v o

The start frequency setting, IOO,OOOOkHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C (Test Parameter Data Dis­ play). b,

Press the STOP FREQ key, Set the stop (upper limit) frequency (initial setting is 1 3MHz) of the desired sweep frequency range with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-24) and press the appropriate

ENTER key,

(Example)

Stop frequency

=

1 MHz

Key strokes :

The stop frequency setting, 1 000,OOOkHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C.

Note: The stop frequency should be higher than the start frequency, If not, error-code E-03 will be displayed on DISPLA Y C when swept measurement is attempted and measurement will be not performed, c, Press the STEP FREQ key, Set the desired step frequency (initial setting is 1 kHz) with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key,

(Example) Step frequency 1 kHz

The step frequency setting, 1 ,OOOOOOkHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C.

Figure

3-31.

Operating Instructions for Swept-Frequency Impedance Measurements (Sheet

1

of

3)

3-60

Model 4192A Section

III

Figure 3-31

Note: In LOG SWEEP measurement applications, STEP FREQ, has llO meaning. To set the instrument to logarithmic sweep mode, press the BLUE key anci the LOG SWEEP key; the indicator lamp will come on. In this mode, automatic or manual s),veeps are made at twenty frequency steps per decade. Each step is calculated from the following j(Jrmula:

F

X l Oo.oS N where

F is the start frequency (5 Hz, 10Hz, 1 00Hz, 1 kHz, 1 0 kHz, 1 0 0 kHz, 1 MHz, or 1 0MHz) and

N is an integer that represents the step number. For example, if the start frequency is 100kHz and the stop frequency is 1 MHz, the sweep will be as follows:

2

3

4

5

1 1 2.20 1 8 kHz

1 25,8925 kHz

141 .2537kHz

1 58.4893 kHz

1 77.8279 kHz

6

7

8

9

10

1 99.5262kHz

1 1

354.8 1 3 3 kHz

223.8721 kHz

12

398. 1071 kHz

16 630.9573 kHz

1 7

707.9457 kHz

18

794.3282 kHz 25 1 . 1 886kHz

13

446.6835 kHz

2 8 1 .8382kHz

14

5 0 1 . 1 872kHz

3 1 6.2277kHz

15

562.34 1 3 kHz

19

20

891 .2509 kHz

1 000.000 kHz

The start and stop frequencies. which determine the sweep range, are limited to decade values

(10, 100 1 k, 1 0 k, 1 00 k, 1 M, 1 OM). If, for example, the start frequency is set to 50 kHz and the stop frequency is set to 800 kHz, the instrument automatically sets the sweep range to 10 kHz to

1MHz. There are, however, two exceptions to this: (J) when the start frequency is set to a value below 1 0Hz and (2) when the stop frequency is set to a value above 10MHz. In such cases, the instrument automatically assumes a start frequency of 5Hz and a stop frequency of 13MHz, re­ spectively.

(2) Manual Sweep

In manual sweeps, the sweep begins at the spot frequency and the sweep range is determined by the start and stop frequencies. a. Set the desired spot frequency (initial setting is 100kHz) with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph

3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key.

(Example) Spot frequency 1 00kHz

Key strokes :

The spot frequency, 1 00.0000kHz, is displayed on DISPLAY C. b. Press the STEP UP

[Q) key or STEP DOWN

@] key to shift the frequency one step (determined by the step frequency setting) in the indicated direction.

Notes: 1. In logarithmic sweep mode, the measurement frequency is automatically shifted to the nearest frequency that satisfies the equation

F X IOO.OS N

=

Fm ; where

F is the start frequency,

Fm is the measurement frequency, and

N is an integer that represents the step number.

2. If the spot frequency is h igher than the stop frequency or less than the start frequency, error­ cord E-04 will be displayed on DISPLA y e and the measurement will not be performed. c. Pressing and holding the STEP UP (

IQ]

) key or STEP DOWN (

(Q]

) key continuously advances swept frequency measurement. d. When X 1 0 STEP key is pressed simultane<;>usly with the STEP UP (

IQ]

) or STEP DOWN (

@]

) key, the step frequency is increased by a factor of tcn. (This is for linear sweeps only.)

Figure

3-31 .

Operating Instructions for Swept·.Frequency ImpeCltance Measurements (Sheet 2 of

3)

3-61

Section HI

Paragraphs 3·99 to 3-1 0 2

Model 419:2A

(3) Auto Sweep a. Press MAN/AUTO kt'y to set to auto sweep mode (indicator lamp comes on). b.

1

Pressing the START UP (

5'8

I key starls the frequency sweep from the programmed start frequency.

The frequency sweep ends at the stop frequency.

2

Pressing the START DOWN (

[Q]

) key starts the frequency sweep from the stop frequency. The fre· qUL'ncy sweep ends at the start frequency.

Not e : 1 ) Swept test frequency i s displayed on

DISPLAY C .

2 )

ZY RANGE i s automatically set to

AUTO when auto sweep i s started. c. To temporarily stop a swept frequency measurement, press the PAUSE key. Start frequency, slop fre­ quency, step frequency, sweep direction, and sweep mode (linear or logarithmic, auto or manual) can be changed when the PAUSE function is set. To restart the sweep, press the START UP

( [QJ

) key or START

DOWN (

[Q]

) key. d. AUTO sweep measurement mode is automatically released when the swept measurement ends (reaches the stop frequency or start frequency). To stop the sweep before the measurement is completed, press blue key and then press the SWEEP ABORT key.

Key Strokes :

I

Blue

I

SwHP

G

To return to nonnal spot frequency measurement, press the SWEEP AUTO key (indicator lamp goes aiD.

Notes :

1 ) When a swept frequency measurement is made, if the sweep comes to a frequency band which has lower frequency resolution than the STEP FREQ., this STEP FREQ. automatically changes to the higher resolution frequency, and the sweep is continued.

2) When the swept frequency crosses 38kHz, an additional 50msec is required for measurement c ircuit stabilizationo

Figure

3-31.

Operating Instructions for Swept-frequency Impedance Measurements (Sheet

3

of

3)

3·99. Swept DSC Level Measurements

3·1 0 1 . I nternal DC Bias Supply

3-1 00. The OSC level can be manually swept in I m Vrms

(S mVrms at I OOmVS) steps by pressing the STEP UP

[QJ key or STEP DOWN

@J key. In impedanee measurements, the OSC level can be swept while monitor­ ing the actual test signal voltage across- or the current through the device under test (DUT) using the TEST

LEVEL MONITOR function (refer to paragraph 3-9 1 ).

Therefore, accurate test signal level characteristics of the

DUT can be obtained easily.

3-102. The 4 1 92A is equipped with an internal, pro­ grammable dc bias supply controllable from

O.OOV to

±3S .00V (for impedance measnrements only). This provides step bias voltage control in I Om V increments over the entire controllable range as well as providing an accnrate voltage setting capability

(±O.5% of setting

+Sm V) to facilitate up-to-date use in applications re­ quiring precision bias voltage control such as analysis of material properties and semiconductor testing. The bias can be programmed and bias parameters memorized, further enhancing ntility of the internal bias supply.

Operating instructions on measurements using the in­ ternal de bias supply are provided in Figure 3-32.

3-62

Modc1 4192A

Section HI

Figure 3-32

Notes: 1. Be/ore proceeding with the procedure given beLow,

SCl the

419_?A '8 culllro/s lor an impedance measure­ ment. Refer to Figun 3"30.

2. Test frequency can be svvept while using the internal de bias set to desired (spot) voltage.

To apply a stationary (fixed) bias voltage to the sample, set the desired hias voltage using the followin¥ procedure:

( l ) Press the

BLUE key and SPOT

BIAS key. Set the desired spot bias voltage (initial setting is OV) with the

DATA input keys (refer to paragraph 3-29) and press the appropriate ENTER key.

(Example) Spot bias voltage

= -

3.SV

Key strokes :

[slue )

"Il, �

G G G 0 G 0

The spot bias voltage setting, -3.S0V, is displayed on DISPL

A

Y

C

(Test Parameter Data Display).

Note: The internal de bias voltage is applied to the sample just after the bias voltage value is set by the fronl­ panel control keys (requires no trigger signa/).

WARNING

WHEN THE INTERNAL DC BIAS VOLTAGE IS APPLIED TO THE SAMPLE, THE"BIAS-{)N"INDlCATOR

COMES ON. WHILE THE BIAS ON INDICATOR IS ON, REMEMBER THAT THE 4192A IS OUTPUTIING

A DC BIAS VOLTAGE FROM THE UNKNOWN TERMINALS, EVEN IF DISPLAY C IS NOT DISPLAYING

THE BIAS VOLTAGE.

(2) Press the

BLUE key and the

B

I

A

S OFF key to stop output of the internal de bias voltage. The

B

I

A

S ON indicator lamp will go off.

Key strokes :

��

� LCJ

WARNING

WHEN A DC BIAS VOLTAGE EXCEEDING ± 5 V IS BEING OUTPUT AND THE BIAS OFF

KEY IS PRESSED, THE BIAS ON INDICATOR LAMP GOES OFF BUT THE OUTPUT

VOLTAGE DOES NOT I M M EDIATELY RETURN TO QV. IT DECREASES LINEARLY (as shown graphically below) UNTIL IT REACHES ± 5V. THE TRANSITION FROM ± 5 V TO DV

IS INSTANTANEOUS. THE DISCHARGE TIME IS CALCULATED AS F O LLOWS :

Vo

I

I

I

I

I

I

/IAS

OFF

5V f-

+ - - - -

I td

·1 td

=

[ I

VO

1

Where,

-

Id

5 )

X

Cx

( s ) td:

Discharge

Ti me (5)

Vo :

Id:

Output Voltage (V)

DUT's Capacitance (F)

Discharge Current (0.025A constant) t

(ex.) Vo

=

35V, ex I m F td

=

3 0 x

0 . 001

=

Figure

3·32.

Operating Instructions for Internal

DC

Bias Supply

3-63

Section III

Paragraphs 3-103 and 3·104

3-103. Swept Bias Voltage Measurements

3 - 1 04.

Basic operating instructions for swept-bias voltage impedance measurements are given in Figure

3-33.

Model 4l92A

Note: Before proceeding with the procedure given below. set the 4192A 's controls as necessary for an impedance measurement. Refer to Figure 3-30.

C l ) Setting Sweep Parameters a. Press the BLUE key and START BIAS key. Set the start (lower limit) voltage (initial setting is

-3SV) of the desired sweep bias voltage range with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph

3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key.

(Example) Start bias voltage

�

-

S V

Key strokes :

The start bias voltage setting,

- S.OOV. is displayed on DISPLAY C (Test Parameter Data Display). b. Press the BLUE key and STOP BIAS key. Set the stop (upper limit) voltage (initial setting is

3SV) of the desired sweep bias voltage range with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph

3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key.

(Example) Stop bias voltage

�

8 . S V

Key strokes :

(

Slue

) llTOe fREOIllW>

G CD 0 CD 0

The stop bias voltage setting,

8.S0V, is displayed on DISPLAY C.

Note: The stop bias voltage should be h igher than the start bias voltage. If not. error-code E-03 will be displayed on DISPLA Y C when swept measurement is attempted and measurement will be not performed. c. Press the BLUE key and STEP BIAS key. Set the desired step bias voltage (initial setting is

1 V) with the

DATA input keys (refer to paragraph

3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key.

(Example)

Step bias voltage

�

0. 1 V

Key strokes :

{

Blue

I

STEP

ER�r

0

The step bias voltage setting,

0. 1 0 V, is displayed on DISPLAY C.

Note: The LOG SWEEP cannot be performed for swept bias voltage measurements.

(2) Manual Sweep

In manual sweeps, the sweep begins at the spot bias voltage and the sweep range is determined by the start and stop bias voltages. a. Set the desired spot bias voltage (initial setting is

�V) with the DATA input keys (refer to paragraph

3-24) and press the appropriate ENTER key.

(Example) Spot bias voltage

�

I

V

Key strokes :

The spot bias voltage, l .OOV. is displayed on DISPLAY C.

Figure

3·33.

Operating Instructions for Swep,=Bias Voltage Impedance MeasYrelllents

�hset

1 of

2)

3-64

Model 41 92A Section m

Pfuagraphs 3" t 05 to 3-108 b. Press the STEP UP

[Q] key or STEP DOWN

@J key to shift the bias voltage

Om' step (determined by the step bias voltage setting) in the indicated direction.

Notc: 1/ the spot bias voltage is higher than the stop bias voltage or less than the start bias voltage, error­ code E-04 will be displayed on DISPLA Y C and the measurement will not be performed. c. Pressing and holding the STEP UP (

[Q]

) key or STEP DOWN (

@J

) key continuously advances swept bias voltage measurement. d. When X 1 0 STEP key is pressed simultaneously with the STEP UP (

[Q]

) or STEP DOWN (

@J

) key, the step bias voltage is increased by a factor of ten. (This is for linear sweeps only.)

(3) Auto Sweep a. Press MAN/ AUTO key to set to auto sweep mode (indicator lamp comes on). b.

CD

Pressing the START UP

( [Q]

) key starts the bias voltage sweep from the programmed start bias volt­ age. The bias voltage sweep ends at the stop bias voltage.

CD

Pressing tbe START DOWN (

@J

) key starts the bias voltage sweep from the stop bias voltage. The bias voltage sweep ends at the start bias voltage.

Note: Swept bias voltage is displayed on DISPLA Y C. c. To temporarily stop a swept bias voltage measurement, press the PAUSE key. Start bias voltage, stop bias voltage, step bias voltage, sweep direction, and sweep mode (linear Or logarithmic, auto or manual) can be changed when the PAUSE function is set. To restart the sweep, press the START UP

DOWN (

@J

) key.

( [Q]

) key or START d. AUTO sweep measurement mode is automatically released when the swept measurement ends (reaches the stop bias voltage or start bias voltage). To stop the sweep before the measurement is completed, press

BLUE key and then press the SWEEP ABORT key.

Key strokes :

(

Blue

)

G

To return to normal spot bias voltage measurement, press the SWEEP AUTO key (indicator lamp goes off).

figure

3·33.

Operating instructions for Swept-Bias Voltage Impedance Measurements (Sheet

2

of

2)

3·105, Measurement of Grounded Devices 3·107. External DC Bias

3-1 06. The unique measuring circuitry of the 4 l 92A provides direct, accurate impedance measurements of not only floated and but also grounded devices. Such meas­ urement conditions are, for example, the distributed capacitance measurement of a coaxial cable with a grounded shield conductor or the input/output imped­ ance measurement of a single ended amplifier. Low grounded measurement accuracy is unspecified, but typical measurement accuracy is provided in Table 1-2 1 .

3-108. The special biasing circuits and procedures for using external voltage or current bias, as needed for capacitance or inductance measurements, are provided in

Figure 3-34. The figure shows sample circuits appropriate for 4 1 92A applications. The biasing circuits prevent de current from flowing into the 4 l 92A, as dc current in­ creases the measurement error and because the excess current may damage instrument. When applying a dc voltage to capacitors, be sure the applied voltage does not exceed the maximum specified voltage of the capacitor and that the capacitor is connected with correct polarity.

3-65

Model 4192A

Section DJ

Figure 3·34

( l ) External DC Bias Voltage cODV) a. Press the LINE ON/OFF key to turn the 4 1 92A off. b . Connect the external d�: bias source t o the 4 1 92A as shown in the figure below:

,< Lp

H p

Ho where ex

Ex

C,

Sample capacitor

External de bias volate Cb 200 V)

Blocking cap;lcitor

Capacitance Value :

C P S CR4 c, r:.fl

Figure

A.

Floating Measurement

C,

C, :;:

TQ;r:[

C f

: measuring frequency CHz))

DC Withstand Voltage : > Ex.

Blocking capacitor

Capacitance Value I JlF

DC Withstand Voltage : > Ex.

CR5 CR3

CPS CR4

CR, . CR, :

HP Part

No. : 1 902-0176

Diode-Zener, 47 V5 % , 1 W

CRa , CR4 : HP

Part

No. : 1 902-1 299

Diode-Zener, 33V5 % , 1 W

CR" CR, : HP Part No. : 1 9 0 1 -0646

Diode-Zener, 3.3V5 % , 1 W

3-66

Figure

B.

Low-grounded Measurement

Cautions:

1 .

Never apply an external de bias voltage of oyer 200 V and never connect the HpOT terminal to the Lc U R or Lp O T terminal. To do so may damage instrument. Make sure that the sample capacitor is not defective.

2. When a positive bias voltage is used" positive poles of electrolytic capacitors (Cx. C , and C 2 ) must be connected t o the positive

(+) terminal o f the external de bias source a s shown i n the figures above. A negative bias voltage can also be applied. In this arrangement. the negative poles of Cx, C" and C, must be connected to the negative ( - ) terminal of the external dc bias source.

Note: Ripple or noise on external de bias source should be as low as possible, c. Set the 4 1 92A's controls as necessary for an impedance measurement. Refer to Figure 3-30, but following settings should be made.

D ISPLA Y A Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C

BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF

CIRCUIT MODE . . . . . .

.

. . . . . . . . . .

.

. . . . . . . .

.

.

. . .

� d. Apply desired de bias voltage to the sample capacitor with the external de bias source. e. Read the capacitance value - on DISPLAY A - after allowing time for bias voltage to settle.

Figure

3-34.

External

DC

Voltage Supply (Sheet

1

of

2)

Model 4192A r------------

-------------------.----------------------------------

-

--

(2) External DC Bias Current a. Press the LINE ON/OFF key to turn the 4192A ofL b. Connect the external de bias source to the 4 192A as shown in the Hgur<.' below :

Section HI

Figure 3-34

L'

LP l J L

Figure

CRS

CRIO

:1:Z

C�

�

�

" .

"

�

"

!"

" l.J

� � ..

CR5

'"

Ex (S[OV)

C.

Floating Measurement

Ex (",tOV)

HP He

LJ l.J where Lx

LI

L2

Sample inductor

( 50 - 250) X

Lx

�

L ,

Ex

Ix

External d c bias voltage

(s:

I O V)

External de bias current

Curren t Value :

[x =

Ex

Output Resistance of Ex + ESR of L\ t ESR of L2

C , Blocking capacitor

Capacitance Value :

C,

�

1 0,, 1. f (f : measuring frequency (Hz»

DC Withstand Voltage :

>

Ex.

C2 Blocking capacitor

Capacitance Value I MF

DC Withstand Voltage :

>

Ex.

CRI , CR,

:

HP Part No. : 1 902---0202

Diode-Zener, 1 5 V 5 % , 1 W

CR" CR4

:

HP Part No. : 1 902-0 1 76

Diode-Zener, 4 7 V5 % , I W

CR" CR, : HP Part No. : 1 90 1 -0646

Diode-Power, 200V, l A

CR" CR, : HP Part No. : 1 902-· 1 299

Diode Zener, 3.3V5 %, 1 W

CR. , CRl O :HP Part No. : 1 90 1 -0646

Diode-Power, 200V, l A

Figure

D.

Low·grounded Measurement

CAUTION

NEVER apply an external de bias current of over l A and NEVER remove the nUT when a dc current of over 25mA is flowing. To do so may damage the instrument c. Set the 4192A's controls as necessary for an impedance measurement Refer to Figure 3·30, but following settings should be made.

DlSPLA Y A Function

. . . . . .

. .

. . . .

.

. .

.

. . . . .

. .

. . . L

BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OFF d. Apply desired de bias current to the sample inductor with external dc bias source. e. Read the inductance value --- on DlSPLA Y A - after allowing time for bias voltage to settle.

Figure

3-34.

External

DC

Voltage Supply (Sheet

2

of

2)

3-67

Section HI

Paragraphs 3·109 to 3·11R

3·109. Hp·IS INTER FACE

Model

4 1 92A

3-1 1 0. The 4 l 92A can be remotely controlled via the

HP-lB, a carefully defined instrument interface which simplifies integration of instruments and a calculator or computer into a system.

Note: HP-lB is Hewlett-Packard's implementation of

IEEE Std. 488, Standard Digital Interface for

Programmable instrumentation.

3· 1 1 1. Connection to HP-IS

3- 1 1 2. The 4 1 92A can be connected into an HP-lB bus configuration with or without a controller (i. e., with or without an HP calculator). In an HP-lB system without a controller, the instrument functions as a "talk only" de­ vice (refer to paragraph 3-1 ] 7.)

3· 1 1 3. Hp·1B Status Indicators

7 is set to 0, the instrument is in ADDRESSABLE mode and bit switches 1 through 5 determine the instrument address; when this bit switch is set to 1 , the instmment is in TALK ONLY mode.

Bit switch 6 detennines the output data delimiter. When this bit switch is set to 0, the delimiter is a comma (,): when set to 1, the delimit er is a carriage return and line feed (CR/LF). Refer to Figure 3-36 for the function of each delimiter.

Bit switches 1 through 5 are used to set the HP-IB address, in binary, of the 4 l 92A when bit switch 7 is set to

ADDRESSABLE.

Note: The HP-lE Control SWitch, as set at the factory, is shown in Figure 3-35.

When the 4192A is turned on, the HP-lE address is displayed, in decimal, on DISPLA Y A. For ex­ ample, the factory-set address is displayed as "H-

1 7".

3-1 1 4. The HP-lB Status Indicators are four LED lamps located on the front panel. When lit, these lamps show the existing status of the 4 l 92A in the HP-lB system as follows:

SRQ:

SRQ signal from the 4 1 92A to the con­ troller is on the HP-lB line. Refer to paragraph 3-] 27.

LISTEN: The 4 1 92A is set to Iisterier.

TALK : The 4 l 92A is set to talker.

REMOTE : The 4 1 92A is remotely controlled.

I r- TALK ONLY rCR / L F

• • A I

3· 1 15, LOCAL Key

3-1 ] 6. The LOCAL key releases the 4 1 92A from HP-IB remote control and allows measurement conditions to be set from the front-panel. The REMOTE lamp will go off when this key is pressed. LOCAL control is not available when the 4 l 92A is set to "local lockout" status by the controller.

Bits 1

-

5:

17

Bit

6: Format A (comma)

Bit

7: Addressab!e

Figure 3·35. HP·IB Control Switch

3-1 1 7. HP-IS Control Switch

3-1 1 8 . The HP-lB Control Switch, located on the rear panel, has seven bit switches as shown in Figure 3-35.

Each bit switch has two settings: logical 0 (down posi­ tion) and logical ] (up position).

The left-most bit switch, bit' 7 , determines whether the instrument will be addressed by the controller in a multi­ device system, or will function as a "talk only" device to output measurement data and/or instructions to an ex ternal "listener n e.g. , printer. When bit switch

3-68

ModeI 4!92A

3-119. HP-IS I nterface Capabilities

3- 1 20. The 4 192A has eight HP-IB interface functions, as listed in Table 3-22.

3-121. Remote Program Code

3- 1 22. Remote program codes for the 4 192A are listed in Table 3-23.

Section III

Paragraphs 3·1 19 to 3-122

Table 3-22. HP-IS Inte,face Capabilities

Code

-,-----_.

Interface F u n ction

*

(HP-IB Capabilities)

Sill * * Source Handshake

Alii

T5

Acceptor Handshake

Talker (basic talker. serial poll, talk only mode, unaddress to talk if addressed to listen)

L4

SRI

RLl

DCI

DTI

Listener (basic listener, unaddress to listen if addressed to talk)

Service Request

Remote/local (with local lockout)

Device Clear

Device Trigger

* Interface functions provide the means for a device to receive, process, and transmit messages over the bus.

* * The suffix number of the interface code indicates the limitation of the function capability as defined in Appendix C of IEEE Std. 488.

Item

Deviation Measurement for

DISPLAY A

-- -

Deviation Measurement for

--

DISPLAY B

DISPLAY A

Function

1----- -

DISPLAY B

Function

I

Table 3-23. Remote Program Code (Sheet 1 of 3)

Control

,

Program Code

I

Description

OFF

6

6%

AN*!

AD

AP

OFF

6

6%

BN*!

BD

BP

Z / Y

RIG

L

C

B-A (dB)

A(dBm/dBV)

B (dBm/dBV)

A l

*1

A2

A3

A4

AS

A6

A7 o o

(deg)

(rad)

X/B

Q

D

RIG

GROUP DELAY o o

(deg)

(rad)

I

I

I

B I *1

B2

B l - B3

B I

B2

B3

B I

B2

B3

Combinations

� of A and B are listed in the

I

I

2 3

IZI/ IYH (d,gJIIZIIIYI -e (rod) �

f--

4

__

6

C - Q

+_DEL���

I---�-i-

�-.

I

--i-·�:·' I ,�

(deg)

B(dBm/dBY)

I

*

*

-

0

(rad�_

*

Program code for DISPLAY B IS not necessary.

/

G

B -A (d�; : B -A�';;-

3-69

Section

Tahie

HI

3-23

Model 4192A

Table 3-23,

Remote Program Code (Sheet 2 of 3)

I t e m

Control

Recall Parameter

TEST LEVEL

MONITOR*2 i

SPOT FREQ,

STEP FREQ,

START FREQ,

STOP FREQ,

SPOT BIAS

STEP BIAS

START BIAS

STOP BIAS

OSC LEVEL

REF A

REF B

-

,

----

V mA

Key Status Save

(Memory)

Saved Key

Status Recall

DC BIAS*2

ZERO OPEN*2

-�- �-,-

ZERO SHORT*2

I

�"'--

AVERAGE

HIGH SPEED

SELF TEST

SAVE 0

SAVE 1

SAVE 2

SAVE 3

SAVE 4

RCL O

RCL I

RCL 2

RCL 3

RCL 4

OFF

OFF

ON

OFF

ON

OFF

ON

OFF

ON

ON

-

,,

-

OFF

ON

Lower Left

Upper Right

Program

Code

TV

TA

SAD

SAl

SA2

SA]

SA4

RCO

RCI

RC2

RC3

RC4

FRR*!

SFR

TFR

PFR

BIR

SBR

TBR

PBR

OLR

RAR

RBR

HO*l

H I

S I

XO*!

X l

LL

UR lO*l

ZOO*!

ZOI

ZSO* !

ZSI

VO*!

V I

i

,

I

-

Description

-"'-"'"-

.. -�-,,----,

--�---��----�---- �

-

---- - -

--

I

I

, "LL" the X-V

(X l ), and "UR" cannot be used when

Recorder function is set to ON

3-70

MOde1 4192A Section

Table

III

3-23

Table 3-23. Remote Prog,am Code (Sheet 3 of 3)

Program

Code

Description

---

A/B

LOG SWEEP r-

f-

.

.

_

(

�J

_

' :::A�m" ,�:u:�-

1 t'

SD

- ---- --

I --;�*

AB j

----

--+

----t i l

-���e� 1

I r

�c

-I

-

__ -

---

�

__ w'

:,

"' �ffi;

De

_ . __ r--:.wT()

SWEEP--

�gi!;r

-

--+ r-cAIN MODE-

I r-;;-�ta R�ady

Execute

-_

.

.

J.

I:

I

,

I

T

_

'1

.

�

.

.

-

_ ..

__

_

-

-

--

INT

O�

__

START UP

START DOWN

Parallel

--;;-�;;;--

':�

1l1j108 lkl1j10m8

AUTO

....

_

.......

1

1

�

�

I

.

I

.

I

...

__

+-

W4

W2

' RI

R4

R7

T!

DI

I

Displays A/�f- PI

J

EX

_ _

*1

-

-+

I

I'

I

I'

I

I

1

'1

-

If Data Ready is set to ON, an

,,

" m'�

__

W2 and W4 act as START UP and

1 -

-

.

-

LEVEL settings.

-

-_

.

__

These programming codes cannot be used

_

,,do not trigger the instrumen�.

__ ,,_

SRQ

IS

I

I

1

I

T�;s code is used to trigger the instru-

_

3-71

Section III

Paragraphs :1-123 to 3- j 26

3· 123. Paramete, Setting 3· 125. Data Output

Model

4192A

3-124. The 4 1 92A can be set to eleven parameters (refer to Table 3·24) by remote programming as follows: x x ±

(1)

N N . N N N N E N

(2)

(3)

( 1 ) Program code for parameter setting (refer to

Table 3-24).

(2) Setting value (numeric or space). 8 digits, lesser digits are ignored,

(3) Enter. Unit is kHz for SPOT FREQ, START

FREQ, STEP FREQ, and STOP FREQ; V for

SPOT BIAS, STEP BIAS, STOP BIAS, and OSC

LEVEL. (REF A, REF B).

3-1 26. The 4 1 92A outputs measurement and status data to external devicl�s in bit paral1el, byte selial format via the eight DIO signal lines of the HP-lB. These data in­ clude status data, key status (function) data, deviation measurement mode data, and measurement data (includ� ing range) for DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B. When pro­ gram code "F I " is used, DISPLAY C data (unit and value) are output with DISPLAY A and DlSPLA Y B data. The output format is shown in Figure 3-36. All characters are coded in accordance with ASCII coding conventions. To output DISPLAY AIBIC data without an HP-IB controller, internal Control

Switch (A6S2 bit 4) must be set to 1 . Refer to paragraph 3-1 39 and Table 3-28.

3-72

Table 3-24. Program Codes for Parameter Setting

Parameters

SPOT FREQ

" m '''0

!

I

Program Code

FR

TF

PF STOP FREQ

Setting Value

Setting Range: O.OOSOOOkHz - 1 3000.000kHz.

Resolution:

0.000001 kHz (O.OOSOOOkHz - 9.999999 kHz),

0.00001 kHz ( 1 O.OOOOOkHz - 99.99999kHz),

0.0001 kHz ( l OO.OOOOkHz - 999.9999 kHz),

0.001 kHz ( l OOO.OOOkHz - 1 3000.000kHz).

STEP FREQ

"m

STOP B

�

AS

I

--

--

SF

'"

�

B

I

I

Setting Range: 0.000001 kHz - 13000.000kHz.

Resolution:

Resolution :

0.000001 kIlz (0.000001 kHz - 9.999999 kHz),

0.00001 kHz ( l O.OOOOOkHz - 99.99999 kHz),

0.0001 kHz ( l 00.0000 kHz - 999.9999 kHz),

0.001 kHz ( l OOO.OOOkHz - 13000.000kHz).

Setting Range : -3S.00V - + 3S.00V

0.0 1 V

--

_ ..

STEP BIAS S B

OSC LEVEL

OL

Setting Range: 0.0 1 V - 3S.00V

Resolution : 0.01 V

----

Setting Range: O.OOSV - 1. 100V

Resolution: 0.001 V (O.OOSV - O. l OOV),

O.OOSV (O. I OO V - 1 . l 00V).

-----

REF A

REF B

RA

RB

Setting Range: - 19999 - + 19999.

Resolution: The position of the decimal point depends on the value displayed on the corresponding display. For example, if the value displayed on DISPLAY A

I is 1 .9999, any value between 0.0001 and 1 .9999 can be entered as the REF A (RA) value.

Mode l 4 192A

(3)

DISPLAY A/B (Default mode or set using HP-IB remote program code " FO")

X

(l0)

'

.. l'J

.

. _l'J I_�

(11)

(1) (2) (3)

(4)

(5) (6)(7) (8) (9)

DISPLAY A/B/C (Set using HP-IB remote program code "F 1")

N N

�W ct:£l

(12)

X)()(;>(+NNN.NNE+NN ,X.XXX.±NNN. NNE±NN ,X±NNNNN ,NNN

<{ID (l:fj

(1) (2) (3) (5) (6)(7) (8) (9) (l0) (ll) (6)(13) (12) (4)

(1) Status of DISPLAY A

(2) Function of DISPLAY A

(3) Deviation measurement mode of DISPLAY A

(14)

(4) Value of DISPLAY A (position of decimal point is coincident with display)

(5)

Unit of DISPLAY A

(6) Comma (data delimit er)

(7)

(8)

Status of DISPLAY B

Function of DISPLAY B

(9) Deviation measurement mode of DISPLAY B

(10) Value of DISPLAY B (position of decimal point is coincident with display)

(11) Unit of DISPLAY B

(12) Data Terminator

(13) Unit of DISPLAY C (Test Parameter Data Display)

(14) Value of DISPLAY C

Section

III

Figure 3·36

Notes: 1. The data delimiter, bit switch 6 on the HP-lB Control Switch (Figure 3-30), is set at the factory to comma

(J This causes the 4192A to output all data(DlSPLA Y A data, DlSPLA Y B data, and. if program code F1 is used, DISPLA Y C data) as a continuous string, When the data delimiter is set to CR/LF, a carriage return 'and line feed signal is output after each field. This is useful when outputting data to certain peripherals, such as a printer.

2. Status, function, and deviation measurement mode data of DISPLA Y A and DISPLA Y B, and the units of DISPLA Y C are output as one or two alphabetiC characters, as listed in Table 3-25.

3. Ranges of DISPLA Y A and DlSPLA Y B are expressed as an exponent as follows:

10-9 (n)

(J1)

10° . " . , . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,' , . E+OO

106

(k)

. . . . .

(M) . , . "

.

. . . , , . . . . . . . . . . E+03

Figure 3�36. Data Output Format for the 41 92A

3-73

3-74

Model 4!92A

Section III

Pamgraphs

3-1'27 and 3-128 r

Table

3-25.

Data Output Codes

Item

I

Information

Data Status of

DISPLAY

�����-

Function of DISPLAY A

+ --

Normal

Uncalihration

-- ---

-z

L (

R G

�

�

)

)

Devia � ion Me � suren ;

A/B

:i

I

I

.

.

Norma

: � e

:

:

: ement

Code

1'\

--

U

ZF

RF

LS

LP

BA

:;:�i�

"

B;-

3-127. Service Request Status Byte

3-128_ The 4192A outputs an RQS (Request Service)

6 of Service Request

Function of DISPLAY B

- -- -

- "-

Model 4 1 nA

62------1=

Bit

�,-.-- ,

-

-

- -

� ---

Information I s

0

7

0/ 1

-

6

0/1

--

-

- - - -

!

=r;-

S

-

-

--

Section HI

Paragraphs :I� 1 2{) and 3-130

----------,

1

-

I

-

4

0/1

Bit 7 (RQS) indicates whether or not a service request exists. Bit

H is always

Z •. c fO

( 0 ). Bits 1 thru 4 and

6 identify the type of service request. Following are the service request states of the 4 1 92A.

Bit 1 :

CD

If Data Ready is set to ON, this bit is set when measurement data is provided.

(])

If Self Test is set to ON, tllis bit is set when the instrument passes the Self Test.

Bit 2 : This bit is set when the 4 1 92A receives an erroneous remote program code.

Bit 3 : This bit is set when the 4 1 92A receives an illegal front-panel control setting via the program.

Bit 4 : This bit is set when the 4 1 92A receives a trigger signal before the last measurement is com­ pleted.

Bit 6 :

CD

This bit is set when the 4 1 92A has a hardware error.

(])

If Self Test is set to ON, this bit is set when the instrument fails the Self Test.

Bit

5 is independent of bit 7 (RQS signal). This bit is set when auto sweep measurement, self test, or zero offset adjustment is being performed and is reset when the next trigger comes.

Figure 3·37. Status Byte for the 4192A

3-129.

Programming Guide for

4192A

Table

3-26.

Sample Program using

9825A/9835A

3- 1 30. Sample programs for HP Model 9825A/9835A

Desktop Computers are provided in Figures 3-38 and

3-39. These programs are listed in Table 3-26.

Notes:

1. Spec!fic information for HP-lB programming with the

9825A or 9835A are provided in the 9825A or 9835A programming manual .

2. Equipment required for these sample programs in­ cludes:

4 l 92A LF Impedance Anaiyzer

98034A HP-lB Interface Card

9825A Desktop Computer with 9821 0A String­

Advanced Programming ROM 98213A

General I/O

+

Extended I/O ROM. or

9835A Desktop Computer with 98332A General

I/O ROM

Sample

Program

F i g u r e

1

-"""

2

D e s cr ipt i o n

I

I

I

B8

3-39

Remote control and data output in spot measurement.

-------

Remote control and data output in auto sweep measurement.

3-75

Section

III

Figure 3·38

Sample Program

1

Description:

This program is a remote control, data output program for spot measurements.

The program has three capabilities:

( 1 ) Control o f the 4 1 92A via HP-IB

(2) Trigger of the 4 1 92A via HP-IB

(3) Data output from the 4 1 92A in spot measurement via HP-IB

Model 4192A

9825A Program 9835A Program

0 : flt 4

I : wrt:71 7 , "A I B lT3 F I "

(I) (2)

(3)

2 : wrt 7 1 7 , "FR I OEN"

(4)

3 : wrt 7 1 7 , '"E

X;:

'

(6)

4 : red 7 1 7, A, B , C

(5)

5 : dspA, B, C

6 : prtA, B, C

7 : end

1 0 FLOAT4

20 OUTPUT

,) �

7 ; "AI B I T3

1'l

"

(I) (2) (3)

30 OUTPUT7 1 7 ; "FR I OEN"

(5)

40

5 0

60

OUT

(4)

I'

UT 7 1 7 ; "EX"

(6)

ENTER7 1 7 ; A, B, C

DISP A, B, C

70

80

PRINT A, B, C

END

( 1 ) Select Code o f 98034A.

(2) Address of 4 192A.

(3) Program codes of the 4 1 92A (refer to Table 3·23).

(4) Program codes for parameter setting of the 4 1 92A (refer to Table 3-24).

(5) Parameter terminator of the 41 92A (refer to paragraph 3-1 23).

(6) This is equivalent to

9825A: trg 7 1 7

9835A: TRIGGER 7 1 7

By using string variables, complete output information from the 4 1 92A is stored by the following programs:

9825A Program:

0 :

1 : clr 7 1 7 dim A S [ 50 1

2 : wrt 7 1 7, "A I B I T3 F I "

3 : wrt 7 1 7 , "FR I OEN"

4 :

5 :

6 :

7 : wrt 7 1 7, "EX" red 7 1 7, A$ dspAS prtA S

8 : end

9835A Program:

CLEAR 7 1 7

20 OUTPUT 7 1 7 ; "AI B IT3 F I "

30 OUTPUT7 1 7 ; "FR I OEN"

40 OUTPUT 7 1 7 ; "EX"

50 ENTER 7 1 7 ; A$

60 DISP A$

70 PRINT AS

80 END

Figure 3*38. Sample Program 1 Using 9825A/9835A

3-76

Model 4192A

Section III

Figure 3-39

Sample Program

2

Description:

This program is a remote control, data output program for auto sweep measurements.

The program has three capabilities:

( I ) Control of auto sweep measurement of the 4 1 92A via HP-TB

(2) Auto sweep of the 4 1 92A via HP-IB

(3) Data output from the 4 1 92A via HP-TB

9825A Program :

0 : dim A $ [ 1 00,5 0 J

(1)

I : wrt 7 l 7, "AIB IT3 F I "

2 : wrt 7 1 7, "SF I ENTF I ENPF 100EN"

3 : wrt 7 1 7, "W I W 2 "

4 : O ->{

5 : 1 + 1 -+ 1

6 : wIt ? 1 ?, "EX"

7 : rds (7 1 7 ) -.. A

(2)

8 : if bit (4, A) " 1 ; gto I 2

(3)

9 : red 7 1 7 , A$ [I]

1 0 : dsp A $ [ I ]

1 1 : gtoS

1 2 : end

9835A Program :

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1 0

90 l OO

1 1 0

1 2 0

1 3 0

DIMA$ ( l OO) [50J

(1)

OUTPUT 7 1 7 ; "A I B l T3 F T'

OUTPUT 7 1 7 ; "SFI ENTF I ENPF I 00EN"

OUTPUT 7 1 7 ; "WI W 2 "

1 = 0

1 = 1 + I

OUTPUT 7 1 7 ; "EX"

STATUS7 1 7 ; A

(2)

IF BIT (A, 4) " I THEN I 3 0

(3)

ENTER 7 1 7 ; A$(I)

D1SPA$

(l)

GOT060

END

( 1 ) Dimensions a string variable array that has more elements than the number of measurement points.

(2) Inputs 41 92A SRQ Status Byte to variable A.

(3) When AUTO SWEEP is being performed, bit 4 of variable A (bit 5 of the SRQ Status Byte)ls set to

" I " (refer to Figure 3-37).

Not e : If the

9835A program i s used with high speed controllex1 wait command should be put between lines

70 and

80 .

Figure 3·39. Sample Program 2 Using 9825A/9835A

3-77

Section In

Paragraphs

:H 3 1 to 3-136

3·1 3 1 , X·Y RECORDER OUTPUT

3· 1 32. The 4 192A is equipped with three analog RE­

CORDER OUTPUT connectors on the rear-panel. These connectors output accurate voltages for recording measured sample values as functions of frequency or bias. A PEN LIFT connector is also provided on the rear­ panel to control the X-Y recorderjs pen. The procedures for using the 41 92A's X-Y recorder capability are given in Figure 3-40.

3·133. Analog Outputs

3-1 34. Tbe analog output voltage of DISPLAY A. DIS­

PLAY B, and FREQ/BIAS are provided in the following manner. The output accuracy is ±O.S% of output voltage

+20mV.

( l ) DISPLAY A connector

Outputs voltage proportional to the value dis­ played on DISPLAY A, Normalized value is

1

V

(depends on function as follows) :

0)

Z, Y, R and G : (Full Scale Value of Display

Range)

X 1 . 3

®

L and C : (Full Scale Value o f Display Range)

X 2.0

CV

B - A, A and B

:

1 00dB o 1;.% : 100%

@

1;. : Full Scale Value of Setting Function

Range

(2) DISPLAY B connector

Outputs voltage proportional to the value dis­ played on DISPLAY B. Normalized value is I V

(depends of function as follows):

0) e

(deg) :

1 800

®

0

(rad)

: n

@

X and B : (Full Scale Value of Display Range)

X 1 .3 o

D,

Q,

R, G and GROUP DELAY : (Full

Scale Value of Display Range)

X 2.0

®

1;.% : 100%

®

1;. : Full Scale Value of Setting Function

Range

Model

4192A

Note, When OF!. OF2, UCL. or

� is displayed

Oil

D{,,'PLA Y A or Dl,)PLA Y B,

I V is output from the corresponding

RECORDER O UTPUT connector on the rear·pand

(3) FREQ/BIAS connector

Outputs voltage proportional to the test frequen­ cy or internal de bias voltage and normalized by following equations ( l Vmax):

0)

Bias Voltage:

SPOT BIAS START BIAS

STOP BIAS ... START BIAS

(]

Measuring Frequency (Linear Sweep):

SPOT FREO - START FREQ

STOP FREQ - START FREQ

@

Measuring Frequency (Logarithmic Sweep): l og (SPOT FREQ.:::: .. Igm - l ) l og (lon _ lOm - l ) where lOm -

1

,;:;

START FREQ

< l Om ,

I on

1

,;:; STOP FREQ < I On .

Notes:

I.

When the parameter displayed on the Test

Parameter Data Display is not the measuring frequency or internal dc bias voltage, the output voltage from the FREQ/BIAS con­ nector does not change.

2. Figure 3-41 shows the plot areas for all parameter settings of DISPLAY A , DIS­

PLA Y B and FREQ/ BIAS connectors.

3-135. Control Capabilities for Analog Output

3-; 36.

The X-V RECORDER OUTPUTS function of the

4192A provides the following control capabilities to plot · the characteristics curve of the sample easily, quickly and clearly.

( l ) Control o f Pen Position on the X-Y Recorder

Zero adjustment and sensitivity adjustment of the

X-Y recorder can be performed using the follow­ ing control keys on the front-panel of the 4192A.

0) t+LL : DISPLAY A, DISPLAY B and

FREQ/BIAS connectors output OV.

®

UR -+t : DISPLAY A, DISPLAY B and

FREQ/BIAS connectors output 1 V.

3-78

Model 4192A

Notes:

1. The X- Y RECORDER ON/OFF key should be set to OFF (indicator lamp off) when the X- Y recorder zero adjustment or sensiti­ vity adjustment is perj()rmed. in this case, to(­

LL is liet automatically

2. Figure 3-41 shows the positions of t<-LL and

UR

-+t in the plot areas for all parameter settings of DISPLA Y A , DISPLA Y B, and

FREQ/BIAS connectors.

(2) Control Signals for X-Y Recorder Pen Lift TTL

Controls

When the X-Y recorder is equipped with pen lift

TTL controls, pen lift can be done automatical­ ly by the TTL level output from the PEN lift connector on the 4 1 92A's rear-paneL When the pen lift signal is LOW (TTL), the X-Y recorder pen is down_ When the pen lift signal is HIGH

(TTL), the X-Y recorder pen is up_

Note: When the SWEEP ABORT, t+-

LL or UR

-+t key is pressed, the X- Y recorder pen is up.

Section

HI

Figure 3AO

(3) lntcrpolation

The X-Y recorder function of thlo 4 1 9 �A pro� vides automatic interpolation of all three RL­

CORDER OUTPUTS to ensure distortion free, accurate plots on the X� Y recorder. Maximum interpolation time, the time required for the thrl�C

RECORDER OUTPUTS to go from OV

U<-

Lt) to 1 V (UR -+t), is approximately 30 seconds.

Note: Interpolation is pelformed for all three

RECORDER O UTPUTS, even though only two are connected to the X- Y recorder.

Actual interpolation time is determined by the largest change among the three outputs.

Consequently, if the unconnected RE­

CORDER O UTPUT has the largest change, interpolation time is determined by this

RECORDER O UTPUT, not the other two, whose change may be very small.

EQU I P M E N T :

X-Y Recorder _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ .

_

BNC (Male) - Dual Banana Plug Cable

HP7046A

HP l I 00 I A (3 ea_)

PROCED U R E :

( 1 ) Turn the 4 1 92A and X-Y recorder off.

(2) Connect the X-axis connector and Y-axis connector (Yl -axis and Y2-axis for two-pen X-Y recorders) of the

X-Y recorder to the appropriate RECORDER OUTPUT connectors on the 4 1 92A rear-panel with the BNC

(Male) - Dual Banana Plug Cable_ Refer to Table 3-27 for cabling method of the RECORDER OUTPUTS.

(3) When X-Y recorder is provided with pen lift TTL controls, connect PEN LIFT connector on the 4l 92A rear­ panel to the X-Y recorder connector.

(4) Set the 4 1 92A's controls for the desired swept measurement in accordance with the procedures givcn in the following figures :

., Figure 3-1 1 . Operating Instructions for Swept-frequency Amplitude�phase Measurements

•

Figure 3-3 1 . Operating Instructions for Swept-frequency Impedance Measurement

•

Figure 3-33. Operating Instructions for Swept-bias Voltage Impedance Measurement

(5)

Turn the 4 1 92A and X-Y recorder on_

(6) Place recording paper on X-Y recorder platen and set the paper hold down function (if provided).

Figure 3.40.

X·

Y

Recorder Output (Sheet 1 of 2)

3-79

Sec1ion III

Figure 3·40

Model 4192A

(7) Confirm that the 4 1 9 2 A X-Y RECORDER OUTPUT function is set to off (X-Y

RECORDER

0

N /OFF indicator on the front-panel should be off). If it is set to on

(indicator lamp on), turn it off by pressing the BLUE key and X-Y RECORDER O N/OFF key.

(8) Select the appropriate plot area for parameters to be recorded from illustrations in Figure

3-41 (refer to Table 3-27).

(9) Press the BLUE key and the LL key on the front-Panel of the 4 1 9 2A.

( 1 0) Adjust X-Y recorder zero adjustment controls for X and Y channels so that the recorder pen is positioned just above the chart paper coordinates denoted by the black spot ( ) in the illustration.

( 1 1 ) Press the BLUE key and the UR key on the front-panel of the 4 1 92A.

( 1 2 ) Adjust the X-Y recorder controls for the X and Y channels so the the recorder pen is positioned just above the chart paper coordinates denoted by circle (A) in the illustration.

Note : X-Y recorder zero adjustment and sensitivity adjustment may be interactive. So, repeat steps (9) ( 1 2 ) to satisfy both adjustments.

( 1 3) Perform an auto sweep measurement with the X-Y RECORDER OUTPUT function off.

Note the frequency (or bias voltage) at which the measured value displayed on DISPLAY

A is highest.

Note : Step ( 1 3) is not necessary when making a manual sweep.

( 1 4) Set the SPOT FREQ (or SPOT BIAS) to the value noted in step ( 1 3). (For manual sweep, set the SPOT value to the START value.)

Note : Steps (1 3) and ( 1 4) insure that the DISPLAY A X-Y RECORDER O UTPUT is correctly scaled for the highest DISPLAY A range that will be used during the auto sweep measure ment. When the AUTO SWEEP START key is pressed,

DISPLAY A ranging (Z-Y R A N G E) is automatically set to AUTO mode, even if

M A NUAL mode is selected before pressing the AUTO SWEEP START key. The

DISPLA Y A range will change in accordance with the measured values. Scaling of the DISPLAY A X-Y RECORDER OUTPUT, however, will not change when the DISPLAY A range changes. It is automatically set to the DISPLAY A range in effect when the AUTO SWEEP function is turned on. If steps ( 1 3 ) and ( 1 4 ) are not performed, it may be impossible obtain an accurate plot of the measured values.

( 1 5 ) Press the BLUE key and the X-Y RECORDER O N/OFF key to set the X-Y RECORDER

OUTPUT function to on (the indicator lamp will come on).

( I 6)

Press the AUTO SWEEP key. If the recorder is equipped with remote pen-lift control, go to step ( 1 7). If not, set the SPOT FREQ (BIAS) to the sweep START FREQ (BIAS) and then maunally lower the pen onto the paper.

( 1 7 ) Perform the swept measurement in accordance with the procedure given in the figure selected in step (4).

( 1 8 ) When the sweep is completed and the X-Y recorder stops, manually lift the pen from the paper. If the recorder is equipped with remote pen-lift control, the pen is raised automatically when the sweep is completed (or when the X-Y RECORDER OUTPUT function is turned off after a manual sweep).

3-80

( 1 9) To repeat the measure ment, repeat steps ( 1 4) through ( 1 8).

Figure 3�40.

X· Y

Recorder Output (Sheet

2 of

2)

Model 4192A

Table 3·27. Connections

01

Recorder Output

F R EQ/BIAS

RECORDER OUTPUTS

DISPLAY B

DISPLAY A

�----

�-

Iz li lY I/R/G

Measurement Frequency I

Bias Voltage

------

-----

8 (deg)

8 (rad)

X/B

Q/D

RjG

Lie

-

----

-

��--

-----

------

-----------

--

RjG

XjB

B A (dB)

•

•

Measurement Frequency

�

--------

8 (deg)

AjB (dBm)

A/B (dBV)

-----------

Measurement FrequencYI

Bias Voltage

8 (rad)

GROUP DELAY

--------

�

/';

/';%

-

--------

/';

/';%

--------

------

These numbers match the numbers of the illustrations in Figure

3-4 1 .

Plot Area"

®

(2)

(1)

G)

(7)

8

(2)

(3)

CV

@

@

@

@

@

(2)

G

(4)

(2)

Section III

Table 3·27

3-81

Section HI

Figure 3-41

CD

FSx 1 . 3

DC

"

>.

"

N

O �

START

--J

STOP

FREQ/B IAS

CD

FSx2 . 0 .----------0

>­

<l:

-'

�, o

-, 0.

"

0

-' 0:

O �

START

FREQ/BIAS

�

STOP

1 80 �---------------O

CD

TT:

U

;.

Q:)

0

- TT: L-

________

-l

START

STOP

FREQ/ B IAS

FSxl . 3 ,.----------0

�. 0

><

Model 4192A

-FSxl . 3 ::-:-:--

START

______

--1

STOP

FREQ/ B IAS

FSxl . 3 .----------0 o

- 1 80 1-

_______

-1

START STOP

FREQ/B IAS o

-FSxl . 3

'-

_______

......J o FSxl . 3

R/G

3-82

Note: FS Full Scale Value of the Range

.. t+LL o

UR -'t

Figure 3·41. Plot Area, of RECORDER OUTPUTS (,heet 1 of

21

Mode1 4192A

CD

1 00

DO

-0

,

DO

0

- 1 00

START STOP

FREQ

1 00 r - - -

I

I

I

I

I

I

&5

I

"0

I

I

I

I

DO

:?

0

---- -- - - -«

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

Section

HI

Figure 3-4 1

CD

>

"0

'"

:?

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I l OO r- - - - -

- -

-- --�

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

O.-------------�

®

-100

ST::A-:::RT:----------:S�TOP

FREQ

FS r--------------<)

<1

0

87 �

�

- l OO L -

-

START

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

..J

STOP

FREQ

- FS

START

FREQ/B IAS

® 1 00

�

CA

<J

0

STOP

- 1 00 l...-

START

FREQ/BIAS

....J

STOP

Figure 3·41. Plot Areas of RECOROER OUTPUTS (sheet

2 of 21

3-83

Section III

Paragraphs

3-137 and 3·138

3-137. EXTERNAL SYNTHESIZER

3 - 1 3 8 . The 4 l 92A can be connected to an external fre­ quency synthesizer via the EXT VCO connector on the rear-pane1 instead of built-in frequency synthesizer to obtain a more accurate, stable test signaL Using this technique, a frequency res01ution of 1 mHz over the full frequency range, from 5 Hz to l 3 MHz, can be obtained.

In addition, a high stability reference (I MIIz or I OMHz) can be connected to EXT REFERENCE connector o n the rear-panel to obtain a n even more stable test signal.

This capability pennits stable measurements of the intrinsic characteristics of high Q devices. Such devices include crystals whose impedance change drastically with changes in frequency of only a few Hz.

Model 4192A

EXT REFERENCE

Connector

EXT

BNC(mal e ) - BNC(mal e ) Connector

Si gnal Output

Connector

(40MHz

�

53MH z )

H1Hz/ 1 0MHz

Reference

Output Connector

�

= ro Ol

O Cl O Cl Cl

ClI:J Cl t::l 0

Cl Cl Cl CJ O t::l c o Cl t:J o 0 0

EQU IP M E N T :

Synthesizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HP3325A

BNC (Male) - BNC (Male) Cable (2 ea).

PROCEDU R E :

( I ) Turn the 4 l 92A and synthesizer off.

(2) Remove the coaxial adapter, which connects the VCO OUTPUT terminal and EXT VCO terminal on the 4 l 92A rear-panel.

(3) Connect the signal output terminal (output signal frequency: 40MHz to 53 MIIz) of the synthesizer to the

EXT VCO terminal on the 4 l 92A rear-panel with the BNC (male) - BNC (male) cable.

Figure 3·42. External Synthesizer (Sheet 1 of 2)

3-84

Model 4192A Section III

Figure

3-42

(4) Connect the I MHz (or l OMHz) reference signal output terminal of the synthesizer to the EXT REFERENCE terminal on the 4 1 9 2A rear-panel with the BNC (male) - BNC (male) cable.

( 5 ) Set 4 1 92A's controls for the desired measurement i n accordance with procedures provided i n the following figures .-

•

•

Figure 3-10. Basic Operating Instructions of the Amplitude-phase Measurements

Figure 3-30. Basic Operating Instructions of the Impedance Measurements

(6) Turn on the synthesizer.

(7) Set the output signal of the synthesizer to 40MHz + desired measuring frequency.

(8) Set the SPOT FREQ of the 4 1 92A to the desired measuring frequency.

Notes: 1. Resolution of the test signal at the OSC OUTPUT terminal of the 4192A is 1mHz (at 5 Hz to 1 0 kHz),

1 0mHz (at 10 kHz to 1 00 kHz), 1 00mHz (at 100kHz to 1MHz), and 1 Hz (at 1 MHz to 1 3MHz).

However, when an external synthesizer is used, resolution is lmIlz at all frequencies. Thus, to set a test frequency with a resolution higher than is normally possible (without external synthesizer), set the 41 92A 's SPOT FREQ as near to the desired frequency as possible. For example, for a test signal frequency of 50.000001 kHz, set the external synthesizer to 50.000001 kHz +40MHz and set the

4192A 's SPOT FREQ to 50, 00OOOkHz. The frequency of the test signal of the OSC OUTPUT terminal will be the frequency of the external synthesizer; however, the SPOT FREQ setting is used to calculate measurement parameter values (L, C, etc.), offset adjustment data, etc.

2. Values displayed on the 4192A 's displays will fluctuate when measurement is made at frequencies set with 1mHz resolution at 1 0 kHz to 78. 125 kHz.

Figure 3·42. External Synthesizer (Sheet 2 of 2)

3-85

Section

III

Paragraphs

3·139 and

3-140

3·139. INTERNAL CONTROL SWITCH

3·140. Basic operation of the 4 1 92A can be altered by dlimging the bit-switch settings of the internal control switch, A6S2. Refer to Table 3·28 for a description of the function of each bit-switch. Use the following pro· cedure to gain access to the internal control switch:

C l ) Turn off the instrument and disconnect the power cable.

(2) Remove the two plastic instrument·feet located at the upper corners of the rear-pane1.

(3) Fully loosen the top cover retaining screw located at the rear of the top cover.

(4) Slide the top cover towards the fCar and lift off.

WARNING

POTENTIAL SHCOK HAZARD ! DO NOT

TOUCH ANY OF THE EXPOSED COMPO·

NENT S ! CAPACITORS MAY STILL BE

CHARGED WITH HAZARDOUS VOLTAGE

LEVELS, EVEN THOUGH POWER IS RE­

MOVED FROM THE INSTRUMENT.

Model 4192A

(5) With the top cover removed, the A7, A8, and A I O board assemblies are visible . These boards are on a single mounting-plate which opens much like the hood of an automobile. The A6 board as­ sembly, upon which the internal control switch is located, is mounted on the underside of this mounting-plate. To raise the mounting�plate, re­ move the six retaining screws and pull up the two plastic fasteners located toward the front of the mounting plate.

(6) Raise the mounting plate until it comes to rest at the rear of the instrument. Be sure that the safety catch locks in place.

(7) The internal control switch is located as shown in

Figure 3-43. All bit-switches of A6S2 are normal­ ly set to O. Set the switch as desired. Refer to

Table 3-28.

Note: Don 't change the setting of A 6S1. This switch is used for cable length compensa­ tion.

3-86

A6

Board

04192-66506

I

I

U 9 r I

/

U 10 r lIiJ..J&��J;

1 I

�

Figure 3·43. A6S2 Internal Control Switch

Model

4191A Section Hi

Table 3·28

Table

3·23. I ntemal Control Switch

Bit

0

I

2

3

Description

This bit-switch is related to the operation of the mUlti-slope integrator: it should b� always set to O.

-

-------_._----_.

._-------.

--

When this bit is set to 1 , DISPLAY B function is inhibited and measuring speed is increased, Measuring speed in this mode is given in paragraph 3-55 for amplitude/phase measurements and in paragraph 3-89 for impedance measurements.

----

This bit-switch is related to the operation of the multi-slope integrator ; it should be always set to o.

. _._---

An HP·IB system, without controller, can be con figured by connecting the 4 1 92A to a (HP·IB control switch must be set to TALK ONLY and CR/LF*) plinter (HP-lB control switch must be set to LISTEN

ONLY), e.g., HPS I SOA Thermal Printer, with an HP-IB cable (refer to paragraph 3-1 1 7). When this bit is set to I, the 4 1 92A is tliggered by the operation of the plinter.

4

This bit is used to change the data output format from DISPLAY A/B to DISPLAY A/B/C, in the HP-IB system without controller (refer to paragraph 3·125). When this bit is set to I (4192A must be turned o ff and then back on after setting this bit·switch), data output format is set to DISPLAY A/B/C.

5, 6 These bit-switches are not used,

7

In nonnal operation, the number of display digits depends on the selected measurement function, measurement range, measurement frequency, OSC level, etc. When this bit is set to 1 , however, all measured values are displayed with the maximum number of digits.

* After changing the setting of the HP·lB control switch, turn the instrument off and then back on.

3-87