Sophos UTM Administration Guide

Sophos UTM is a comprehensive security solution that provides a range of security features to protect your network from threats. It combines firewall, intrusion prevention, web filtering, antivirus, and anti-spam protection into one single appliance. Sophos UTM can be deployed as a physical or virtual appliance and can be managed easily through a web-based interface. It is suitable for small businesses, enterprises, and organizations that need a reliable and easy-to-use security solution.

PDF

Document

Sophos UTM

Administration Guide

Product version: 9.400

Document date: Thursday, April 28, 2016

The specifications and information in this document are subject to change without notice. Companies, names, and data used in examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. This document may not be copied or distributed by any means, in whole or in part, for any reason, without the express written permission of Sophos Limited. Translations of this original manual must be marked as follows: "Translation of the original manual".

http://www.sophos.com

Sophos UTM, Sophos UTM Manager, Astaro Security Gateway, Astaro Command Center, Sophos

Gateway Manager, Sophos iView Setup and WebAdmin are trademarks of Sophos Limited. Cisco is a registered trademark of Cisco Systems Inc. iOS is a trademark of Apple Inc. Linux is a trademark of

Linus Torvalds. All further trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Limited Warranty

No guarantee is given for the correctness of the information contained in this document. Please send any comments or corrections to [email protected].

1 Installation

1.1 Recommended Reading

1.2 System Requirements

1.2.1 UPS Device Support

1.2.2 RAID Support

1.3 Installation Instructions

1.3.1 Key Functions During Installation

1.3.2 Special Options During Installation

1.3.3 Installing Sophos UTM

1.4 Basic Configuration

1.5 Backup Restoration

2 WebAdmin

2.1 WebAdmin Menu

2.2 Button Bar

2.3 Lists

2.4 Searching in Lists

2.5 Dialog Boxes

2.6 Buttons and Icons

2.7 Object Lists

3 Dashboard

3.1 Dashboard Settings

4 Management

4.1.6 Reset Configuration or Passwords

4.2 WebAdmin Settings

4.2.1 General

4.2.2 Access Control

4.2.2.1 User Rights

4.2.3 HTTPS Certificate

4.2.4 User Preferences

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4.2.5 Advanced

4.3 Licensing

4.3.1 How to Obtain a License

4.3.2 Licensing Model

4.3.3 Overview

4.3.4 Installation

4.3.5 Active IP Addresses

4.5.2 Automatic Backups

4.8.2.1 Modifying a Web Message

4.8.2.2 Download Manager

4.8.3 Web Templates

4.8.3.1 Customizing Web Templates

4.8.3.2 Uploading Custom Web Templates and Images

4.10 Central Management

4.10.1 Sophos UTM Manager

4.11 Sophos Mobile Control

4.11.1 General

4.11.2 Compliance Overview

4.11.3 Network Access Control

4.11.4 Configuration Settings

4.12 High Availability

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4.12.1 Hardware and Software Requirements

4.14 Shutdown and Restart

5 Definitions & Users

5.1 Network Definitions

5.1.1 Network Definitions

5.1.2 MAC Address Definitions

5.2 Service Definitions

5.3 Time Period Definitions

5.4 Users & Groups

5.4.1 Users

5.4.2 Groups

5.5 Client Authentication

5.5.1 Global

5.5.2 Client Authentication

5.5.3 Sophos Transparent Authentication Suite

5.6 Authentication Services

5.6.1 Global Settings

5.6.2 Servers

5.6.2.1 eDirectory

5.6.2.2 Active Directory

5.6.4 One-time Password

5.6.5 Advanced

6 Interfaces & Routing

6.1 Interfaces

6.1.1 Interfaces

6.1.1.1 Automatic Interface Network Definitions

6.1.1.2 Interface Types

6.1.1.3 Group

6.1.1.4 3G/UMTS

6.1.1.5 Ethernet

6.1.1.6 Ethernet Bridge

6.1.1.7 Ethernet VLAN

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6.1.1.9 DSL (PPPoA/PPTP)

6.1.1.10 Modem (PPP)

6.1.2 Additional Addresses

6.1.3 Link Aggregation

6.1.4 Uplink Balancing

6.1.5 Multipath Rules

6.1.6 Hardware

6.2 Quality of Service (QoS)

6.2.1 Status

6.2.2 Traffic Selectors

6.2.3 Bandwidth Pools

6.2.4 Download Throttling

6.2.5 Advanced

6.3 Uplink Monitoring

6.4.2 Prefix Advertisements

6.5.1 Standard Static Routes

6.5.2 Policy Routes

6.6 Dynamic Routing (OSPF)

6.6.1 Global

6.6.2 Area

6.6.3 Interfaces

6.6.4 Message Digests

6.6.5 Debug

6.6.6 Advanced

6.7 Border Gateway Protocol

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6.8 Multicast Routing (PIM-SM)

7 Network Services

7.1 DNS

7.1.1 Global

7.1.2 Forwarders

7.1.3 Request Routing

7.2.4 Static Mappings

7.2.5 IPv4 Lease Table

7.2.6 IPv6 Lease Table

7.2.7 Options

7.3 NTP

8 Network Protection

8.1 Firewall

8.1.1 Rules

8.1.2 Country Blocking

8.1.3 Country Blocking Exceptions

8.3 Intrusion Prevention

8.3.1 Global

8.3.2 Attack Patterns

8.3.3 Anti-DoS/Flooding

8.3.4 Anti-Portscan

8.3.5 Exceptions

8.3.6 Advanced

8.4 Server Load Balancing

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8.4.1 Balancing Rules

8.6.3 IDENT Reverse Proxy

9 Web Protection

9.1 Web Filtering

9.1.1 Web Filtering Changes

9.1.1.1 Some Key Differences

9.1.4.1 Filter Action Wizard

9.1.4.6 Additional Options

9.2 Web Filter Profiles

9.2.1 Filter Profiles

9.2.2 Filter Actions

9.2.3 Parent Proxies

9.3 Filtering Options

9.3.1 Exceptions

9.3.2 Websites

9.3.3 Bypass Users

9.3.4 Potentially Unwanted Applications

9.5 Application Control

9.5.1 Network Visibility

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9.5.2 Application Control Rules

10 Email Protection

10.1.5 Data Protection

10.4.3 Internal Users

10.4.4 S/MIME Authorities

10.4.5 S/MIME Certificates

10.4.6 OpenPGP Public Keys

10.5 SPX Encryption

10.5.1 SPX Configuration

10.5.2 SPX Templates

10.5.2.1 Variables for SPX Templates

10.5.3 Sophos Outlook Add-in

10.6 Quarantine Report

10.6.1 Global

10.6.2 Exceptions

10.6.3 Advanced

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10.7.1 Mail Manager Window

10.7.1.1 SMTP/POP3 Quarantine

11 Advanced Protection

11.1 Sophos Sandstorm

11.2 Advanced Threat Protection

11.3 Sophos Sandstorm

11.3.1 Overview

11.3.2 Sandbox Activity

11.4 Advanced Threat Protection

11.4.1 Global

12 Endpoint Protection

12.1 Computer Management

12.1.1 Global

12.1.2 Deploy Agent

12.1.3 Manage Computers

12.4 Endpoint Web Control

12.4.1 Global

12.4.2 Advanced

12.4.3 Features not Supported

13 Wireless Protection

13.1 Global Settings

13.1.1 Global Settings

13.1.2 Advanced

13.2 Wireless Networks

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13.5 Wireless Clients

13.6 Hotspots

13.6.1 Global

13.6.2 Hotspots

13.6.3 Voucher Definitions

13.6.4 Advanced

14 Webserver Protection

14.1 Web Application Firewall

14.1.1 Virtual Webservers

14.1.2 Real Webservers

14.1.3 Firewall Profiles

14.1.4 Exceptions

14.1.5 Site Path Routing

14.1.6 Advanced

14.1.6.1 SlowHTTP Protection

14.2 Reverse Authentication

14.2.1 Profiles

14.2.2 Form Templates

14.3 Certificate Management

14.3.1 Certificates

14.3.2 Certificate Authority

14.3.3 Revocation Lists (CRLs)

14.3.4 Advanced

15 RED Management

15.1 Overview

15.2 Global Settings

15.3 Client Management

15.4 Deployment Helper

15.5 Tunnel Management

16 Site-to-site VPN

16.2.2 Remote Gateways

16.2.3 Policies

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16.4 Certificate Management

16.4.1 Certificates

16.4.2 Certificate Authority

16.4.3 Revocation Lists (CRLs)

17.5 HTML5 VPN Portal

17.5.1 Global

17.6 Cisco VPN Client

17.8 Certificate Management

17.8.1 Certificates

17.8.2 Certificate Authority

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17.8.3 Revocation Lists (CRLs)

17.8.4 Advanced

18 Logging & Reporting

18.1 View Log Files

18.1.1 Today's Log Files

18.1.2 Archived Log Files

18.1.3 Search Log Files

18.3.5 Bandwidth Usage

18.4 Network Protection

18.4.6 Advanced Threat Protection

18.4.7 IPS

18.5 Web Protection

18.5.1 Web Usage Report

18.5.2 Search Engine Report

18.5.3 Departments

18.5.4 Scheduled Reports

18.5.5 Application Control

18.5.6 Deanonymization

18.6 Email Protection

18.6.1 Usage Graphs

18.6.2 Mail Usage

18.6.3 Blocked Mail

18.6.4 Deanonymization

18.7 Wireless Protection

18.7.1 Daily

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18.9 Webserver Protection

18.9.1 Usage Graphs

18.9.2 Details

18.10 Executive Report

18.10.1 View Report

18.10.2 Archived Executive Reports

18.10.3 Configuration

18.11 Log Settings

18.11.1 Local Logging

18.11.2 Remote Syslog Server

18.11.3 Remote Log File Archives

18.12 Reporting Settings

19 Support

19.2 Printable Configuration

19.6.2 LAN Connections

19.6.3 Routes Table

19.6.4 Interfaces Table

19.6.5 Config Dump

19.6.6 Resolve REF

20 Log Off

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21 User Portal

21.1 User Portal: Mail Quarantine

21.2 User Portal: Mail Log

21.3 User Portal: POP3 Accounts

21.4 User Portal: Sender Whitelist

21.5 User Portal: Sender Blacklist

21.6 User Portal: Hotspots

21.7 User Portal: Client Authentication

21.8 User Portal: OTP Tokens

21.9 User Portal: Remote Access

21.10 User Portal: HTML5 VPN Portal

21.11 User Portal: Change Password

21.12 User Portal: HTTPS Proxy

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1 Installation

This section provides information on installing and setting up Sophos UTM on your network.

The installation of Sophos UTM proceeds in two steps: first, installing the software; second, configuring basic system settings. The initial setup required for installing the software is performed through a console-based installation menu. The internal configuration can be performed from your management workstation through the web-based administrative interface of Sophos UTM called WebAdmin. Before you start the installation, check if your hardware meets the minimum system requirements.

Note – If you are employing a Sophos UTM hardware appliance, you can skip the following sections and directly jump to the Basic Configuration section, as all Sophos UTM hardware appliances ship with UTM Software preinstalled.

The following topics are included in this chapter: l

2 WebAdmin

WebAdmin is the web-based administrative interface that allows you to configure every aspect of Sophos UTM. WebAdmin consists of a menu and pages, many of which have multiple tabs.

The menu on the left of the screen organizes the features of Sophos UTM in a logical manner.

When you select a menu item, such as Network Protection, it expands to reveal a submenu and the associated page opens. Note that for some menu items no page is associated. Then, the page of the previously selected menu or submenu item keeps being displayed. You have to select one of the submenu items, which opens the associated page at its first tab.

On the first start of the WebAdmin the Setup Wizard appears unique. Follow the instructions to set up the most important settings.

The procedures in this documentation direct you to a page by specifying the menu item, submenu item, and the tab, for example: "On the Interfaces & Routing > Interfaces > Hardware tab, configure ..."

Note – The UTM requires the latest version of Firefox (recommended), latest version of

Chrome, latest version of Safari, or last two versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer. JavaScript must be enabled. In addition, the browser must be configured not to use a proxy for the IP address of the UTM’s internal network card (eth0).

2.1 WebAdmin Menu

2 WebAdmin

Figure 4 WebAdmin: Overview

2.1 WebAdmin Menu

The WebAdmin menu provides access to all configuration options of Sophos UTM, that is, there is no need for using a command line interface to configure specific parameters.

Dashboard: The Dashboard graphically displays a snapshot of the current operating status of the Sophos UTM unit.

Management: Configure basic system and WebAdmin settings as well as all settings that concern the configuration of the Sophos UTM unit.

Definitions & Users: Configure network, service, and time period definitions as well as user accounts, user groups, and external authentication services for use with the Sophos

UTM unit.

Interfaces & Routing: Configure system facilities such as network interfaces as well as routing options, among other things.

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2.1 WebAdmin Menu l

Network Services: Configure network services such as DNS and DHCP, among other things.

Network Protection: Configure basic network protection features such as firewall rules, voice over IP, or intrusion prevention settings.

Web Protection: Configure the Web Filter and application control of Sophos UTM unit as well as the FTP proxy.

Email Protection: Configure the SMTP and POP3 proxies of the Sophos UTM unit as well as email encryption.

Endpoint Protection: Configure and manage the protection of endpoint devices in your network.

Wireless Protection: Configure wireless access points for the gateway.

Webserver Protection: Protect your webservers from attacks like cross-site scripting and SQL injection.

RED Management: Configure your remote Ethernet device (RED) appliances.

Site-to-site VPN: Configure site-to-site Virtual Private Networks.

Remote Access: Configure remote access VPN connections to the Sophos UTM unit.

Logging & Reporting: View log messages and statistics about the utilization of the

Sophos UTM unit and configure settings for logging and reporting.

Support: Access to the support tools available at the Sophos UTM unit.

Log Off: Log out of the user interface.

Searching the Menu

Above the menu a search box is located. It lets you search the menu for keywords in order to easily find menus concerning a certain subject. The search function matches the name of menus but additionally allows for hidden indexed aliases and keywords.

As soon as you start typing into the search box, the menu automatically reduces to relevant menu entries only. You can leave the search box at any time and click the menu entry matching your prospect. The reduced menu stays intact, displaying the search results, until you click the reset button next to it.

Tip – You can set focus on the search box via the keyboard shortcut CTRL+Y.

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2.2 Button Bar

2 WebAdmin

2.2 Button Bar

The buttons in the upper right corner of WebAdmin provide access to the following features: l

Username/IP: Shows the currently logged in user and the IP address from which

WebAdmin is accessed. If other users are currently logged in, their data will be shown, too.

Open Live Log: Clicking this button opens the live log that is associated with the

WebAdmin menu or tab you are currently on. To see a different live log without having to change the menu or tab, hover over the Live Log button. After some seconds a list of all available live logs opens where you can select a live log to display. Your selection is memorized as long as you stay on the same WebAdmin menu or tab.

Tip – You can also open live logs via the Open Live Log buttons provided on multiple

WebAdmin pages.

Online Help: Every menu, submenu, and tab has an online help screen that provides context-sensitive information and procedures related to the controls of the current

WebAdmin page.

Note – The online help is version-based and updated by means of patterns. If you update to a new firmware version, your online help will also be updated, if available.

Reload: To request the already displayed WebAdmin page again, always click the

Reload button.

Note – Never use the reload button of the browser, because otherwise you will be logged out of WebAdmin.

2.3 Lists

Many pages in WebAdmin consist of lists. The buttons on the left of each list item enable you to edit, delete, or clone the item (for more information see section Buttons and Icons). To add an

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2.4 Searching in Lists item to the list, click the New … button, where "…" is a placeholder for the object being created

(e.g., interface). This opens a dialog box where you can define the properties of the new object.

Figure 5 WebAdmin: Example of a List

With the first drop-down list on the top you can filter all items according to their type or group.

The second field on the top lets you search for items specifically. Enter a search string and click

Find.

Lists with more than ten items are split into several chunks, which can be browsed with Forward

(>>) and Backward (<<) buttons. With the Display drop-down list, you can temporarily change the number of items per page. Additionally, you can change the default setting for all lists on the

Management > WebAdmin Settings >

User Preferences

tab.

The header of a list provides some functionality. Selecting an item from the Sort by dropdown sorts the list for that item, e.g. selecting Name asc sorts the list ascending by object names. The

Action field in the header contains some batch options you can carry out on previously selected list objects. To select objects, select their checkbox. Note that the selection stays valid across multiple pages, that is, while browsing between pages of a list already selected objects stay selected.

Tip – Clicking on the Info icon will show all configuration options in which the object is used.

2.4 Searching in Lists

A filter field helps you to quickly reduce the number of items displayed in a list. This makes it much easier to find the object(s) you were looking for.

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2.4 Searching in Lists

2 WebAdmin

Important Facts

A search in a list typically scans several fields for the search expression. A search in

Users & Groups for example considers the username, the real name, the comment, and the first email address. Generally speaking, the search considers all texts which you can see in the list, excluding details displayed via the Info icon.

The list search is case-insensitive. That means it makes no difference whether you enter upper- or lower-case letters. The search result will contain matches both with uppercase and lower-case letters. Searching explicitly for upper-case or lower-case letters is not possible.

The list search is based on Perl regular expression syntax (although case-insensitive).

Typical search expressions known from e.g. text editors like * and ? as simple wildcard characters or the AND and OR operators do not work in list search.

Examples

The following list is a small selection of useful search strings:

Simple string: Matches all words that contain the given string. For example, "inter" matches

"Internet", "interface", and "printer".

Beginning of a word: Mark the search expression with a \b at the beginning. For example,

\binter matches "Internet" and "interface" but not "printer".

End of a word: Mark the search expression with a \b at the end. For example, http\b matches "http" but not "https".

Beginning of an entry: Mark the search expression with a ^ at the beginning. For example,

^inter matches "Internet Uplink" but not "Uplink Interfaces".

IP addresses: Searching for IP addresses, you need to escape dots with a backslash. For example, 192\.168 matches "192.168". To search more generally for IP addresses use \d which matches any digit. \d+ matches multiple digits in a row. For example,

\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+ matches any IPv4 address.

Note – It makes sense to rather use an easy, fail-safe search expression which will lead to more matches than to rack your brains for a supposedly more perfect one which can easily lead to unexpected results and wrong conclusions.

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2.5 Dialog Boxes

You can find a detailed description of regular expressions and their usage in Sophos UTM in the

Sophos Knowledgebase .

2.5 Dialog Boxes

Dialog boxes are special windows which are used by WebAdmin to prompt you for entering specific information. The example shows a dialog box for creating a new group in the Definitions &

Users > Users & Groups menu.

Figure 6 WebAdmin: Example of a Dialog Box

Each dialog box can consist of various widgets such as text boxes, checkboxes, and so on. In addition, many dialog boxes offer a drag-and-drop functionality, which is indicated by a special background reading DND. Whenever you encounter such a box, you can drag an object into the box. To open the object list from where to drag the objects, click the Folder icon that is located right next to the text box. Depending on the configuration option, this opens the list of available networks, interfaces, users/groups, or services. Clicking the green Plus icon opens a dialog

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2.6 Buttons and Icons

2 WebAdmin

window letting you create a new definition. Some widgets that are not necessary for a certain configuration are grayed out. In some cases, however, they can still be edited, but having no effect.

Note – You may have noticed the presence of both Save and Apply buttons in WebAdmin.

The Save button is used in the context of creating or editing objects in WebAdmin such as static routes or network definitions. It is always accompanied by a Cancel button. The Apply button, on the other hand, serves to confirm your settings in the backend, thus promptly activating them.

2.6 Buttons and Icons

WebAdmin has some buttons and functional icons whose usage is described here.

Buttons Meaning

Shows a dialog box with detailed information on the object.

Opens a dialog box to edit properties of the object.

Deletes the object. If an object is still in use somewhere, there will be a warning. Not all objects can be deleted if they are in use.

Opens a dialog box for creating an object with identical settings/properties. Helps you to create similar objects without having to type all identical settings over and over again.

Functional

Icons

Meaning

Info: Shows all configurations where the object is in use.

Details: Links to another WebAdmin page with more information about the topic.

Toggle switch: Enables or disables a function. Green when enabled, gray when disabled, and amber when configuration is required before enabling.

Folder: Has two different functions: (1) Opens an object list (see section below) on the left side where you can choose appropriate objects from. (2)

Opens a dialog window to upload a file.

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2.7 Object Lists

Functional

Icons

Meaning

Plus: Opens a dialog window to add a new object of the required type.

Action: Opens a drop-down menu with actions. The actions depend on the location of the icon: (1) Icon in list header: the actions, e.g., Enable, Disable,

Delete, apply to the selected list objects. (2) Icon in text box: with the actions

Import and Export you can import or export text, and with Empty you delete the entire content. There is also a filter field which helps you to drill down a list to relevant elements. Note that the filter is case-sensitive.

Empty: Removes an object from the current configuration when located in front of the object. Removes all objects from a box when located in the Actions menu. Objects are however never deleted.

Import: Opens a dialog window to import text with more than one item or line.

Enhances adding multiple items without having to type them individually, e.g.

a large blacklist to the URL blacklist. Copy the text from anywhere and enter it using CTRL+V.

Export: Opens a dialog window to export all existing items. You can select a delimiter to separate the items, which can either be new line, colon, or comma. To export the items as text, mark the whole text in the Exported Text field and press CTRL+C to copy it. You can then paste it into all common applications using CTRL+V, for example a text editor.

Sort: Using these two arrows, you can sort list elements by moving an element down or up, respectively.

Forward/Backward: Depending on the location you can navigate through the pages of a long list, or move back and forth along the history of changes and settings.

PDF: Saves the current view of data in a PDF file and then opens a dialog window to download the created file.

CSV: Saves the current view of data in a CSV (comma-separated values) file and then opens a dialog window to download the created file.

2.7 Object Lists

An object list is a drag-and-drop list which is temporarily displayed on the left side of WebAdmin, covering the main menu.

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2.7 Object Lists

2 WebAdmin

Figure 7 WebAdmin: Dragging an Object From the Object List Networks

An object list is opened automatically when you click the Folder icon (see section above), or you can open it manually via a keyboard shortcut (see Management > WebAdmin Settings >

User

Preferences

The object list gives you quick access to WebAdmin objects like users/groups, interfaces, networks, and services to be able to select them for configuration purposes. Objects are selected simply by dragging and dropping them onto the current configuration.

According to the different existing object types, there are five different types of object lists. Clicking the Folder icon will always open the type required by the current configuration.

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3 Dashboard

The Dashboard graphically displays a snapshot of the current operating status of Sophos UTM.

With help of the Dashboard Settings icon on the top right you can, amongst others, configure which topic sections are displayed. Further information to the settings you find in Dashboard >

Dashboard Settings.

The Dashboard displays by default when you log in to WebAdmin and shows the following information: l

General Information: Hostname, model, license ID, subscriptions, and uptime of the unit. The display color of a subscription switches to orange 30 days before its expiration date. During the last 7 days and after expiration, a subscription is displayed in red.

Version Information: Information on the currently installed firmware and pattern versions as well as available updates.

Resource Usage: Current system utilization, including the following components: l

The CPU utilization in percent l

The RAM utilization in percent. Please note that the total memory displayed is the part that is usable by the operating system. With 32-bit systems, in some cases that does not represent the actual size of the physical memory installed, as part of it is reserved for hardware.

The amount of hard disk space consumed by the log partition in percent l

The amount of hard disk space consumed by the root partition in percent l

The status of the UPS (uninterruptible power supply) module (if available) l

Today's Threat Status: A counter for the most relevant security threats detected since midnight: l

The total of dropped and rejected data packets for which logging is enabled l

The total of blocked intrusion attempts l

The total of blocked viruses (all proxies) l

The total of blocked spam messages (SMTP/POP3) l

The total of blocked spyware (all proxies) l

The total of blocked URLs (HTTP/S)

3 Dashboard

The total of blocked webserver attacks (WAF) l

The total of blocked endpoint attacks and blocked devices l

Interfaces: Name and status of configured network interface cards. In addition, information on the average bit rate of the last 75 seconds for both incoming and outgoing traffic is shown. The values presented are obtained from bit rate averages based on samples that were taken at intervals of 15 seconds. Clicking a traffic value of an interface opens a

Flow Monitor in a new window. The Flow Monitor displays the traffic of the last ten minutes and refreshes automatically at short intervals. For more information on the Flow

Monitor see chapter

Flow Monitor

Advanced Threat Protection: Status of Advanced Threat Protection. The display shows an alert if Advanced Threat Protection is enabled and it shows a counter of infected hosts. An alert will be automatically deleted after 72 hours. If you want to delete all alerts immediately, click the Reset button.

Current System Configuration: Enabled/disabled representation of the most relevant security features. Clicking one of the entries opens the WebAdmin page with the respective settings: l

Firewall: Information about the total of active firewall rules.

Intrusion Prevention: The intrusion prevention system (IPS) recognizes attacks by means of a signature-based IPS rule set.

Web Filtering: An application-level gateway for the HTTP/S protocol, featuring a rich set of web filtering techniques for the networks that are allowed to use its services.

Network Visibility: Sophos' layer 7 application control allows to categorize and control network traffic.

SMTP Proxy: An application-level gateway for messages sent via the Simple Mail

Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

POP3 Proxy: An application-level gateway for messages sent via the Post Office

Protocol 3 (POP3).

RED: Configuration of Remote Ethernet Device (RED) appliances for branch office security.

Wireless Protection: Configuration of wireless networks and access points.

Endpoint Protection: Management of endpoint devices in your network. Displays the number of connected endpoints and alerts.

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3 Dashboard

3.1 Dashboard Settings l

Site-to-Site VPN: Configuration of site-to-site VPN scenarios.

Remote Access: Configuration of road warrior VPN scenarios.

Web Application Firewall: An application-level gateway to protect your webservers from attacks like cross-site scripting and SQL injection.

HA/Cluster: High availability (HA) failover and clustering, that is, the distribution of processing-intensive tasks such as content filtering, virus scanning, intrusion detection, or decryption equally among multiple cluster nodes.

Sophos UTM Manager: Management of your Sophos UTM appliance via the central management tool Sophos UTM Manager (SUM).

Sophos Mobile Control: Management of your mobile devices to control content, applications and emails.

Antivirus: Protection of your network from web traffic that carries harmful and dangerous content such as viruses, worms, or other malware.

Antispam: Detection of unsolicited spam emails and identification of spam transmissions from known or suspected spam purveyors.

Antispyware: Protection from spyware infections by means of two different virus scanning engines with constantly updated signature databases and spyware filtering techniques that protects both inbound and outbound traffic.

3.1 Dashboard Settings

You can modify several settings concerning the Dashboard. Click the Dashboard Settings icon on the top right of the Dashboard to open the Edit Dashboard Settings dialog window.

Refresh Dashboard: By default, the Dashboard is updated at intervals of five seconds. You can configure the refresh rate from Never to Every Minute.

Left Column – Right Column: The Dashboard is divided into different topic sections providing information on the respective topic. With the two boxes Left Column and Right Column you can arrange those topic sections and add or remove them from display. Those settings will then be reflected by the Dashboard. Use the sort icons to sort the topic sections of a column. To add or remove a particular topic section from display, select or unselect its checkbox.

The topic sections displayed by default are described in the Dashboard chapter. These topic sections can also be displayed:

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Web Protection: Top Apps: Overview of the most used applications. In this section, hovering the cursor on an application displays one or two icons with additional functionality: l

Click the Block icon to block the respective application from now on. This will create a rule on the

Application Control Rules

page. This option is unavailable for applications relevant to the flawless operation of Sophos UTM. WebAdmin traffic, for example, cannot be blocked as this might lead to shutting yourself out of

WebAdmin. Unclassified traffic cannot be blocked, either.

Click the Shape icon to enable traffic shaping of the respective application. A dialog window opens where you are asked to define the rule settings. Click Save when you are done. This will create a rule both on the

Traffic Selectors

and on the

Bandwidth Pools

page.Traffic shaping is not available when viewing the All Interfaces

Flow Monitor as shaping works interface-based.

Click the Throttle icon to enable traffic throttling of the respective application. A dialog window opens where you are asked to define the rule settings. Click Save when you are done. This will create a rule both on the

Traffic Selectors

and on the

Download Throttling

page. Download throttling is not available when viewing the

All Interfaces Flow Monitor as throttling works interface-based.

Web Protection: Top Sites by Time: Overview of the most visited domains according to time.

Web Protection: Top Sites by Traffic: Overview of the most visited domains according to traffic.

Logging: Status of the log partition of your Sophos UTM unit, including information about the disk space left and fillup rate.

News Feed: News about Sophos and its products.

Chart: Concurrent Connections: Daily statistics and histogram of the total of concurrent connections.

Chart: Log Partition Status: Four-week statistics and histogram of the log partition usage.

Chart: CPU Usage: Daily statistics and histogram of the current processor usage in percent.

Chart: Memory/Swap Usage: Daily statistics and histogram of the memory and swap usage in percent.

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3.2 Flow Monitor l

Chart: Partition Usage: Daily statistics and histogram of the usage of selected partitions in percent.

Enable autogrouping on Dashboard: Select this option to display the information on the

Dashboard compactly. This option only affects the selected Web Protection items in the left column and the selected Chart items in the right column. If selected, the respective information elements will be displayed as overlaying tabs on the Dashboard. If unselected, the information elements are displayed side by side.

Click Save to save your settings.

3.2 Flow Monitor

The Flow Monitor of Sophos UTM is an application which gives quick access to information on network traffic currently passing the interfaces of UTM. It can be easily accessed via the Dashboard by clicking one of the interfaces at the top right. By clicking All Interfaces the Flow Monitor displays the traffic accumulated on all active interfaces. By clicking a single interface, the Flow

Monitor displays the traffic of this interface only.

Note – The Flow Monitor opens in a new browser window. As pop-up blockers are likely to block this window it is advisable to deactivate pop-up blockers for WebAdmin.

The Flow Monitor provides two views, a chart and a table, which are described in the next sections. It refreshes every five seconds. You can click the Pause button to stop refreshing. After clicking Continue to start refreshing again, the Flow Monitor updates to the current traffic information.

Tabular View

The Flow Monitor table provides information on network traffic for the past five seconds:

#: Traffic is ranked based on its current bandwidth usage.

Application: Protocol or name of the network traffic if available. Unclassified traffic is a type of traffic unknown to the system. Clicking an application opens a window which provides information on the server, the port used, bandwidth usage per server connection, and total traffic.

Clients: Number of client connections using the application. Clicking a client opens a window which provides information on the client's IP address, bandwidth usage per client connection,

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and total traffic. Note that with unclassified traffic the number of clients in the table may be higher than the clients displayed in the additional information window. This is due to the fact that the term "unclassified" comprises more than one application. So, there might be only one client in the information window but three clients in the table, the latter actually being the connections of the single client to three different, unclassified applications.

Bandwidth Usage Now: The bandwidth usage during the last five seconds. Clicking a bandwidth opens a window which provides information on the download and upload rate of the application connection.

Total Traffic: The total of network traffic produced during the "lifetime" of a connection.

Example 1: A download started some time in the past and still going on: the whole traffic produced during the time from the beginning of the download will be displayed. Example 2: Several clients using facebook: as long as one client keeps the connection open, the traffic produced by all clients so far adds up to the total traffic displayed.

Clicking a total traffic opens a window which provides information on the overall download and upload rate of the application connection.

Actions: Depending on the application type, there are actions available (except for unclassified traffic).

Blocking: Click the Block button to block the respective application from now on. This will create a rule on the

Application Control Rules

page. This option is unavailable for applications relevant to the flawless operation of Sophos UTM. WebAdmin traffic, for example, cannot be blocked as this might lead to shutting yourself out of WebAdmin. Unclassified traffic cannot be blocked, either.

Traffic shaping: Click the Shape button to enable traffic shaping of the respective application. A dialog window opens where you are asked to define the rule settings. Click Save when you are done. This will create a rule both on the

Traffic Selectors

and on the

Bandwidth Pools

page.Traffic shaping is not available when viewing the All Interfaces Flow

Monitor as shaping works interface-based.

Download throttling: Click the Throttle button to enable download throttling for the respective application. A dialog window opens where you are asked to define the rule settings. Click Save when you are done. This will create a rule both on the

Traffic Selectors

and on the

Download Throttling

page. Download throttling is not available when viewing the All Interfaces Flow Monitor as throttling works interface-based.

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3.2 Flow Monitor

Chart View

The Flow Monitor chart displays the network traffic for the past ten minutes. The horizontal axis reflects time, the vertical axis reflects the amount of traffic while dynamically adapting the scale to the throughput.

At the bottom of the chart view a legend is located which refers to the type of traffic passing an interface. Each type of traffic has a different color so that it can be easily distinguished in the chart.

Note – The Flow Monitor displays much more differentiated information on traffic if Network

Visibility is enabled (see chapter Web Protection > Application Control >

Network Visibility

When hovering the mouse cursor on a chart a big dot will appear, which gives detailed information of this part of the chart. The dot is clung to the line of the chart. As you move the mouse cursor the dot follows. In case a chart has several lines, the dot switches between them according to where you move the mouse cursor. Additionally, the dot changes its color depending on which line its information refer to, which is especially useful with lines running close to each other. The dot provides information on type and size of the traffic at the respective point of time.

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This chapter describes how to configure basic system settings as well as the settings of the webbased administrative interface of Sophos UTM among others. The Overview page shows statistics of the last WebAdmin sessions including possible changes. Click the Show button in the

Changelog column to view the changes in detail.

In the State column, the end times of previous WebAdmin sessions are listed.

Note – You can end a WebAdmin session by clicking the Log off menu. If you close the browser without clicking the Log off menu, the session times out after the time span defined on the Management > WebAdmin Settings >

Advanced

tab.

The following topics are included in this chapter: l

Certificate Management

Shutdown/Restart

4.1 System Settings

4 Management

4.1 System Settings

The system settings menu allows you to configure basic settings of your UTM. You can set hostname, date and time settings as well as scan settings for antivirus engine or advanced threat protection options. Configuration or password resets and SSH shell access configurations can also be done.

4.1.1 Organizational

Enter these organizational information (if not yet done in the Installation Wizard): l

Organization name: Name of your organization.

City: Location of your organization.

Country: Country where your organization is located.

Administrator's email address: Email address to reach the person or group technically responsible for the operation of your Sophos UTM.

Note that this data is also used in certificates for IPsec, email encryption and WebAdmin.

4.1.2 Hostname

Enter the hostname of your UTM as a fully qualified domain name (FQDN). The fully qualified domain name is an unambiguous domain name that specifies the node's absolute position in the

DNS tree hierarchy, for example utm.example.com. A hostname may contain alphanumeric characters, dots, and hyphens. At the end of the hostname there must be a special designator such as com, org, or de. The hostname will be used in notification messages to identify UTM. It will also appear in status messages sent by the Web Filter. Note that the hostname does not need to be registered in the DNS zone for your domain.

4.1.3 Time and Date

On your UTM, date and time should always be set correctly. This is needed both for getting correct information from the logging and reporting systems and to assure interoperability with other computers on the Internet.

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Usually, you do not need to set the time and date manually. By default, automatic synchronization with public Internet time servers is enabled (see section Synchronize Time with

Internet Server below).

In the rare case that you need to disable synchronization with time servers, you can change the time and date manually. However, when doing so, pay attention to the following caveats: l

Never change the system time from standard time to daylight saving time or vice versa.

This change is always automatically covered by your time zone settings even if automatic synchronization with time servers is disabled.

Never change date or time manually while synchronization with time servers is enabled, because automatic synchronization would typically undo your change right away. In case you must set the date or time manually, remember to first remove all servers from the

NTP Servers box in the Synchronize Time with Internet Server section below and click

Apply.

After manually changing the system time, wait until you see the green confirmation message, stating that the change was successful. Then reboot the system (Management >

Shutdown/Restart). This is highly recommended as many services rely on the fact that time is changing continuously, not abruptly. Jumps in time therefore might lead to malfunction of various services. This advice holds universally true for all kind of computer systems.

In rare cases, changing the system time might terminate your WebAdmin session. In case this happens, log in again, check whether the time is now correctly set and restart the system afterwards.

If you operate multiple interconnected UTMs that span several time zones, select the same time zone for all devices, for example UTC (Coordinated Universal Time)—this will make log messages much easier to compare.

Note that when you manually change the system time, you will encounter several side-effects, even when having properly restarted the system: l

Turning the clock forward

Time-based reports will contain no data for the skipped hour. In most graphs, this time span will appear as a straight line in the amount of the latest recorded value.

Accounting reports will contain values of 0 for all variables during this time.

Turning the clock backward

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There is already log data for the corresponding time span in time-based reports.

Most diagrams will display the values recorded during this period as compressed.

The elapsed time since the last pattern check (as displayed on the Dashboard) shows the value "never", even though the last check was in fact only a few minutes ago.

Automatically created certificates on UTM may become invalid because the beginning of their validity periods would be in the future.

Accounting reports will retain the values recorded from the future time. Once the time of the reset is reached again, the accounting data will be written again as normal.

Because of these drawbacks the system time should only be set once when setting up the system with only small adjustments being made thereafter. This especially holds true if accounting and reporting data needs to be processed further and accuracy of the data is important.

Se t D a t e a n d Time

To configure the system time manually, select date and time from the respective drop-down lists. Click Apply to save your settings.

Se t Time Zo n e

To change the system's time zone, select an area or a time zone from the drop-down list. Click

Apply to save your settings.

Changing the time zone does not change the system time, but only how the time is represented in output, for example in logging and reporting data. Even if it does not disrupt services, we highly recommend to reboot afterwards to make sure that all services use the new time setting.

Sy n c h r o n iz e Time w it h I n t e r n e t Se r v e r

To synchronize the system time using a timeserver, select one or more NTP servers. Click

Apply after you have finished the configuration.

NTP Servers: The NTP Server Pool is selected by default. This network definition is linked to the big virtual cluster of public timeservers of the pool.ntp.org project. In case your Internet service provider operates NTP servers for customers and you have access to these servers, it is recommended to remove the NTP Server Pool and use your provider's servers instead. When choosing your own or your provider's servers, using more than one server is useful to improve precision and reliability. The usage of three independent servers is almost always sufficient.

Adding more than three servers rarely results in additional improvements, while increasing the

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4.1 System Settings total server load. Using both NTP Server Pool and your own or your provider's servers is not recommended because it will usually neither improve precision nor reliability.

Tip – If you want client computers to be able to connect to these NTP servers, add them to the allowed networks on the

Network Services > NTP

page.

Test Configured Servers: Click this button if you want to test whether a connection to the selected NTP server(s) can be established from your device and whether it returns usable time data. This will measure the time offset between your system and the servers. Offsets should generally be well below one second if your system is configured correctly and has been operating in a stable state for some time.

Right after enabling NTP or adding other servers, it is normal to see larger offsets. To avoid large time jumps, NTP will then slowly skew the system time, such that eventually, it will become correct without any jumping. In that situation, please be patient. In particular, in this case, do not restart the system. Rather, return to check about an hour later. If the offsets decrease, all is working as it should.

4.1.4 Shell Access

Secure Shell (SSH) is a command-line access mode primarily used to gain remote shell access to UTM. It is typically used for low-level maintenance or troubleshooting. To access this shell you need an SSH client, which usually comes with most Linux distributions. For Windows you can download an SSH client for free, e.g. PuTTY ( www.putty.org

) or DameWare ( www.dameware.com

Sh e ll U s e r Pa s s w o r d s

Enter passwords for the default shell accounts root and loginuser. To change the password for one out of these two accounts only, just leave both input boxes for the other account blank.

Note – To enable SSH shell access, passwords must be set initially. In addition, you can only specify passwords that adhere to the password complexity settings as configured on the Defin-

itions & Users > Authentication Services >

Advanced

tab. That is, if you have enabled complex passwords, shell user passwords must meet the same requirements.

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Ac c e s s in g U TM v ia SSH

To access the UTM via SSH, connect via SSH port (TCP 22 by default) using your normal

SSH utility program (e.g. PuTTY).

You can login as l loginuser by prompting loginuser and the associated password as set above at the

SSH or l root after you have logged in as loginuser by typing su - and entering the associated password as set above.

Note – Any modifications done by root will void your support. Even users not logged in as root have direct access to a lot of information on the UTM and should be considered privileged users. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to grant SSH access only to administrators in WebAdmin. For any configuration change, use WebAdmin instead.

Allo w e d N e t w o r k s

Use the Allowed Networks control to restrict access to this feature to certain networks only. Networks listed here will be able to connect to the SSH service.

Au t h e n t ic a t io n

In this section you can define an authentication method for SSH access and the strictness of access. The following authentication methods are available: l

Password (default) l

Public key l

Password and public key

To use these options select the respective checkboxes. To use Public Key Authentication you need to upload the respective public key(s) into the field Authorized Keys for loginuser for each user allowed to authenticate via their public key(s).

Allow root login: You can allow SSH access for the root user. This option is disabled by default as it leads to a higher security risk. When this option is enabled, the root user is able to login via their public key. Upload the public key(s) for the root user into the field Authorized Keys

for root.

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Note – Find more information on generating SSH keys in the Sophos Knowledgebase articles Creating SSH key

on a Linux based system , using PuTTY

Click Apply to save your settings.

SSH D a e mo n L is t e n Po r t

This option lets you change the TCP port used for SSH. By default, this is the standard SSH port

. To change the port, enter an appropriate value in the range from 1024 to 65535 in the Port

number box and click Apply.

4.1.5 Scan Settings

An t iv ir u s En g in e Pr e f e r e n c e s

Select the antivirus engine which will be used in all single scan configurations throughout

WebAdmin. In dual scan configurations, both antivirus engines will be used. Note that dual scan is not available with BasicGuard subscription. Click Apply to save your settings.

Ad v a n c e d Th r e a t Pr o t e c t io n O p t io n s

Select the Send suspicious content to SophosLabs for analysis option to help improve protection. SophosLabs features a cloud-based sandbox where the behavior of suspected malware can be automatically observed and analyzed. This helps ensure speedy delivery of protection updates directly to your UTM. Disabling this functionality may increase defense response time.

All submissions are sent over a secure channel and are handled according to the SophosLabs

Information Security Policy .

An t is p a m En g in e Pr e f e r e n c e s

A parent proxy is often required in those countries that require Internet access to be routed through a government-approved proxy server. If your security policy requires the use of a parent proxy, you can set it up here by selecting the host definition and port.

Use a parent proxy:

Select the checkbox to enable parent proxy use.

Select or add the host.

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Enter the port of the proxy.

How to add a definition is explained on the Definitions & Users > Network Definitions >

Network Definitions page.

Click Apply.

Your settings will be saved.

Proxy requires authentication: If the parent proxy requires authentication, enter username and password here.

4.1.6 Reset Configuration or Passwords

The options on the Reset Configuration or Passwords tab let you delete the passwords of the shell users. In addition, you can execute a factory reset, and you can reset the UTM's system ID.

R e s e t Sy s t e m Pa s s w o r d s

Executing the Reset System Passwords Now function will reset the passwords of the following users: l root (shell user) l loginuser (shell user) l admin (predefined administrator account)

In addition, to halt the system, select the Shutdown system afterwards option.

Security Note – The next person connecting to the WebAdmin will be presented an Admin

Password Setup dialog window. Thus, after resetting the passwords, you should usually quickly log out, reload the page in your browser, and set a new admin password.

Besides, shell access will not be possible anymore until you set new shell passwords on the Man-

agement > System Settings >

Shell Access

tab.

Fa c t o r y R e s e t

The Run Factory Reset Now function resets the device back to the factory default configuration.

The following data will be deleted: l

System configuration l

Web Filter cache

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4.2 WebAdmin Settings l

Logs and reporting data l

Databases l

Update packages l

Licenses l

Passwords l

High availability status

However, the version number of Sophos UTM Software will remain the same, that is, all firmware and pattern updates that have been installed will be retained.

Note – Sophos UTM will shut down once a factory reset has been initiated.

U TM I D R e s e t

With the Reset UTM ID Now function you reset the system ID of the UTM to a new, random value. This is for example relevant when you use endpoint protection. Every UTM using endpoint protection identifies itself on Sophos LiveConnect with its unique system ID. When you for example clone a virtual UTM using endpoint protection and want the clone to use it too, you need to reset the cloned UTM's system ID so that it can afterwards identify with the new system

ID. During the reset, if turned on, endpoint protection will be turned off.

Note – Endpoints are connected to their UTM using the UTM system ID. If you reset the UTM system ID and there is no other UTM listening on the old UTM ID, their endpoints will need to be reinstalled.

Note – If a UTM is connected to Sophos UTM Manager, and you reset its UTM system ID, the

UTM will connect as a new device. If necessary, you can merge the two devices.

4.2 WebAdmin Settings

The tabs under Management > WebAdmin Settings allow you to configure basic WebAdmin settings such as access control, the TCP port, HTTPS certificates, user preferences, and the

WebAdmin language, among other things.

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4.2.1 General

On the WebAdmin Settings > General tab you can configure the WebAdmin language and basic access settings.

W e b Ad min L a n g u a g e

Select the language of WebAdmin. The selected language will also be used for some

WebAdmin output, e.g., email notifications or the executive report. Note that this setting is global and applies to all users. Click Apply to save your settings.

After changing the language, it might be necessary to empty your browser cache to make sure that all texts are displayed in the correct language.

W e b Ad min Ac c e s s C o n f ig u r a t io n

Here you can configure which users and/or networks should have access to WebAdmin.

Allowed Administrators: Sophos UTM can be administered by multiple administrators simultaneously. In the Allowed Administrators box you can specify which users or groups should have unlimited read and write access to the WebAdmininterface. By default, this is the group of

SuperAdmins. How to add a user is explained on the Definitions & Users > Users & Groups >

Users page.

Allowed Networks: The Allowed Networks box lets you define the networks that should be able to connect to the WebAdmin interface. For the sake of a smooth installation of UTM, the default is Any. This means that the WebAdmin interface can be accessed from everywhere.

Change this setting to your internal network(s) as soon as possible. The most secure solution, however, would be to limit the access to only one administrator PC through HTTPS. How to add a definition is explained on the Definitions & Users > Network Definitions > Network Definitions page.

Log access traffic: If you want to log all WebAdmin access activities in the firewall log, select

Log access traffic checkbox.

4.2.2 Access Control

On the WebAdmin Settings > Access Control tab you can create WebAdmin roles for specific users. This allows for a fine-grained definition of the rights a WebAdmin user can have.

There are two user roles predefined:

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4.2 WebAdmin Settings

Auditor: Users having this role can view logging and reporting data.

Readonly: Users having this role can view everything in WebAdmin without being able to edit, create, or delete anything.

To assign users or groups one of these roles, click the Edit button and add the respective user

(s) or group(s) to the Members box.

You can create further roles, according to your security policies. Proceed as follows:

On the Access Control tab, click New Role.

The Add Role dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for this definition.

Members: Add or select users or groups who are to have this role. How to add a user is explained on the Definitions & Users > Users & Groups > Users page.

Grant read-only access (optional): Select this checkbox to grant read-only access to all areas of WebAdmin to the given members.

Rights: This box contains different rights levels for the different functions of WebAdmin: auditor and manager. A manager has several rights for the respective function(s), whereas an auditor has only viewing rights. A manager has not the right to create new users. User creation is only allowed by the SuperAdmin. You can choose one or more rights by selecting the respective checkbox in front of a right.

Example: You could give the user Jon Doe manager rights for Email Protection and additionally select the checkbox Grant read-only access. He would then be able to change settings in the Email Protection section and view all other areas of WebAdmin without being able to change anything there.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Click Save.

Your settings will be saved.

To either edit or delete a role, click the corresponding buttons. Note that the Auditor and

Readonly roles cannot be deleted.

4.2.2.1 User Rights

Define multiple user rights for different areas of WebAdmin. In general an auditor has viewing rights and a manager additionally has writing rights. All user rights (except Report Auditor, Mail

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Manager and Log File Auditor) have permissions to view or edit, respectively: l

Definitions & Users > Network Definitions l

Definitions & Users > Service Definitions l

Definitions & Users > Time Period Definitions l

Logging & Reporting > View Log Files

Additionally, the following user rights are available:

User Right

Log File Auditor

Mail Manager

Mail Protection Manager

Permission to Read

Management > Sophos Mobile

Control

Endpoint Protection > Web Control

Logging & Reporting > View Log

Files

Email Protection > Mail Manager

Logging & Reporting > View Log

Files

Logging & Reporting > Email Protection

Permission to Read/Write

Email Protection

Logging & Reporting > Email

Protection

Interfaces & Routing Overview

Network Protection

Network Protection Aud-

Logging & Reporting > Network itor

Usage

Logging & Reporting > Network

Protection

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User Right

Network Protection

Manager

Permission to Read Permission to Read/Write

Interfaces & Routing Overview

Network Protection

Logging & Reporting > Network Usage

Logging & Reporting > Network Protection

Remote Access

Remote Access Auditor

Logging & Reporting > Remote

Access

Remote Access Manager

Remote Access

Logging & Reporting >

Remote Access

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User Right

Report Auditor

Web Application Protection Auditor

Web Application Protection Manager

Permission to Read

Dashboard

Interfaces & Routing Overview

Advanced Protection > Advanced

Threat Protection

Permission to Read/Write

Web Protection > Policy Helpdesk

Email Protection Overview

Site-to-site VPN

Remote Access Overview

Logging & Reporting:

Hardware

Network Usage

Network Protection

Web Protection

Email Protection

Wireless Protection

Remote Access

Webserver Protection

Executive Report

Webserver Protection

Logging & Reporting

> Webserver Protection

Webserver Protection

Logging & Reporting

> Webserver Protection

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User Right Permission to Read

Web Protection

Web Protection Auditor

Logging & Reporting > Web Protection

Permission to Read/Write

Web Protection Manager

Web Protection

Logging & Reporting > Web

Protection

Wireless Protection

Wireless Protection Auditor

Logging & Reporting > Wireless

Protection

Wireless Protection

Manager

Wireless Protection

Logging & Reporting > Wireless Protection

It is possible to combine multiple user rights.

4.2.3 HTTPS Certificate

On the Management > WebAdmin Settings > HTTPS Certificate tab you can import the

WebAdmin CA certificate into your browser, regenerate the WebAdmin certificate, or choose a signed certificate to use for WebAdmin and User Portal.

During the initial setup of the WebAdmin access you have automatically created a local CA certificate on UTM. The public key of this CA certificate can be installed into your browser to get rid of the security warnings when accessing the WebAdmin interface.

I mp o r t C A in t o Br o w s e r

To import the CA certificate, proceed as follows:

On the HTTPS Certificate tab, click Import CA Certificate.

The public key of the CA certificate will be exported.

You can either save it to disk or install it into your browser.

Install the certificate (optional).

The browser will open a dialog box letting you choose to install the certificate immediately.

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Note – Due to different system times and time zones the certificate might not be valid directly after its creation. In this case, most browsers will report that the certificate has expired, which is not correct. However, the certificate will automatically become valid after a maximum of 24 hours and will stay valid for 27 years.

I mp o r t C A C e r t if ic a t e u n d e r iO S/ Sa f a r i

To import the CA certificate under iOS with Safari browser, proceed as follows:

On the HTTPS Certificate tab, click Import CA Certificate.

The public key of the CA certificate will be exported and downloaded.

The file WebAdmin.cer is ready on your system and need to be installed manually. By default, you find the file WebAdmin.cer in your download folder.

Double click on WebAdmin.cer.

The Keychain Access will open a window letting you choose to trust the certificate.

Click Always Trust.

The CA certificate is listed in the key chain list.

R e - g e n e r a t e W e b Ad min C e r t if ic a t e

The WebAdmin certificate refers to the hostname you have specified during the initial login. If the hostname has been changed in the meantime, the browser will display a security warning.

To avoid this, you can create a certificate taking the new hostname into account. For that purpose, enter the hostname as desired and click Apply. Note that due to the certificate change, to be able to continue working in WebAdmin, you probably need to reload the page via your web browser, accept the new certificate, and log back into WebAdmin.

C h o o s e W e b Ad min / U s e r Po r t a l C e r t if ic a t e

If you do not want to import the CA certificate but instead use your own signed certificate for

WebAdmin/User Portal, you can select it here. However, for the certificate to be selectable from the drop-down list, you need to upload it first on the Remote Access > Certificate Management

> Certificates tab in PKCS#12 format, containing the certificate, its CA and its private key. To use the uploaded certificate, select it from the Certificates drop-down list and click Apply.

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4.2 WebAdmin Settings

4.2.4 User Preferences

On the Management > WebAdmin Settings > User Preferences tab you can configure some user preferences such as global shortcuts and items per page for the currently logged in user.

W e b Ad min Sh o r t c u t s C o n f ig u r a t io n

Here you can configure keyboard shortcuts to open and close the drag-and-drop object lists used in many configurations (for more information see WebAdmin >

Object Lists

) or to set the

cursor focus on the menu search box (see also WebAdmin >

WebAdmin Menu

). Use the drop-

down list to select a different modifier key and the text box to enter a different character. You can also turn off the keyboard shortcut by selecting Off from the drop-down list.

If you want to return to the default settings, click the Reset to Defaults button. Click Apply to save your settings.

Ta b le Pa g e r O p t io n s

Here you can globally define the pagination of tables for WebAdmin, i.e. how many items are displayed per page. Click the drop-down list and select a value. Click Apply to save your settings.

W e b Ad min Br o w s e r Tit le C u s t o miz a t io n

Here you can change the label which is displayed on the WebAdmin browser window or tab.

You can enter plain text and/or use the following variables: l

%h: hostname l

%u: username l

%i: remote IP address

The default setting is WebAdmin - User %u - Device %h which translates for example into

WebAdmin - User admin - Device my_gateway.example.com. Click Apply to save your settings.

4.2.5 Advanced

W e b Ad min I d le Time o u t

Log out after: In this field you can specify the period of time (in seconds) how long a

WebAdmin session can remain idle before the administrator is forced to log in again. By default, the idle timeout is set to 1,800 seconds. The range is from 60 to 86,400 seconds.

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Log out on dashboard: By default, when you have opened the Dashboard page of

WebAdmin, the auto logout function is enabled. You can, however, select this option to disable the auto logout function for Dashboard only.

W e b Ad min TC P Po r t

By default, port 4444 is used as WebAdmin TCP port. In the TCP Port box you can enter either

443 or any value between 1024 and 65535. However, certain ports are reserved for other services. In particular, you can never use port 10443, and you cannot use the same port you are using for the User Portal or for SSL remote access. Note that you must add the port number to the IP address (separated by a colon) in the browser's address bar when accessing

WebAdmin, for example https://192.168.0.1:4444

Te r ms o f U s e

Your company policies might demand that users accept terms of use when they want to access

WebAdmin. Select the checkbox Display "Terms of Use" after login to enforce that users must accept the terms of use each time they log into WebAdmin. Users will then be presented the terms of use after having logged in. If they do not accept them they will be logged out again.

You can change the terms of use text according to your needs. Click Apply to save your settings.

So p h o s Ad a p t iv e L e a r n in g

You can help improving Sophos UTM by allowing it to transfer anonymous general information of your current configuration as well as information about detected viruses, or anonymous application fingerprints to Sophos. That kind of information cannot and will not be tracked back to you. No user-specific information is collected, i.e., no user or object names, no comments, or other personalized information. However, URLs for which a virus was found will be transmitted if web filter antivirus scanning is enabled.

The information is encrypted and transmitted to SophosLabs using SSL. Once delivered, the data is stored in an aggregated form and made available to Sophos' software architects for making educated design decisions and thus improve future versions of Sophos UTM.

Send anonymous telemetry data: If enabled, the UTM gathers the following information: l

Configuration and usage data: The system will send the following data to Sophos' servers once a week.

Hardware and license information (not the owner), for example: processor Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E8200 @ 2.66GHz

memory 512MiB System Memory

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4.2 WebAdmin Settings eth0 network 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller id: UTM version: 9.000000

version: 4.000000

type: virtual license: standard mode: standalone active_ips: 2 system_id: 58174596-276f-39b8-854b-ffa1886e3c6c

The system ID identifies your UTM only in the way that information of your system is not accidentally collected twice, e.g. after a re-installation.

Features in use (only whether they are turned on or off), for example: main->backup->status: 1 main->ha->status: off l

Amount of configured objects, for example: objects->interface->ethernet: 2 objects->http->profile: 5 l

Enabled web filtering categories and exceptions l

CPU, memory and swap usage values in percent over the last seven days l

Virus data: The system writes the following data into a file that will be uploaded automatically to Sophos' servers every 15 minutes.

Information about viruses found by web protection, for example threat name,

MIME type, URL of the request, or file size.

Intrusion prevention data: The IPS log will be checked every minute for new alerts. If there is a new alert, the following data will be sent instantly to Sophos: l

Information about the alert, for example snort rule identifier and time stamp.

Hardware and license information (not the owner), for example CPU total and

CPU usage, memory total and memory usage, SWAP total and SWAP usage, system ID, engine version and pattern version.

The data is sent every 24 hours.

Advanced Threat Protection data: The system generates and uploads advanced threat protection data every 30 minutes.

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Gathered information: system ID, time stamp, Sophos threat name, source IP, destination host, detection component, detection detail, number of threats, rule identifier.

Send anonymous application accuracy telemetry data: You can help to improve the recognition and classification abilities of network visibility and application control by participating in the Sophos UTM AppAccuracy Program. If enabled, the system will collect data in form of anonymous application fingerprints and will send that to Sophos' research team. There the fingerprints will be used to identify unclassified applications and to improve and enlarge the network visibility and application control library.

4.3 Licensing

The availability of certain features on Sophos UTM is defined by licenses and subscriptions, i.e. the licenses and subscriptions you have purchased with your UTM enable you to use certain features and others not.

4.3.1 How to Obtain a License

Sophos UTM ships with a 30-day trial license with all features enabled. After expiration, you must install a valid license to further operate Sophos UTM. All licenses (including free home use licenses) are created in the MyUTM Portal .

Once you have received the activation keys by email after purchasing a UTM license, you must use these keys in order to create your license or upgrade an existing license. To activate a license, you have to log in to the MyUTM Portal and visit the license management page. At the top of the page is a form where you can cut and paste the activation key from the email into this field. For more information see the MyUTM User Guide .

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Figure 8 MyUTM Portal

Another form appears asking you to fill in information about the reseller you purchased the license from as well as your own details. The portal tries to pre-fill as much of this form as possible. Also, Sophos collects the UTM hardware serial number on this form if appropriate. After submitting this form, your license is created, and you are forwarded to the license detail page to download the license file.

To actually use the license, you must download the license file to your hard drive and then log in to your WebAdmin installation. In WebAdmin, navigate to the Management > Licensing > Install-

ation tab and use the upload function to find the license text file on your hard drive. Upload the license file, and WebAdmin will process it to activate any subscriptions and other settings that the license outlines.

Note – The activation key you received by email cannot be imported into WebAdmin. This key is only used to activate the license. Only the license file can be imported to UTM.

4.3.2 Licensing Model

The modular licensing model of Sophos is very flexible. First, there is a base license, providing basic functions for free (see table below). Second, there are six additional subscriptions:

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Management

(Backup,

Notifications,

SNMP,

SUM, ...)

Local

Authentication (Users,

Groups)

Basic Networking

(Static Routing, DHCP,

DNS, Auto

QoS, NTP,

...) l

Network Protection l

Web Protection l

Email Protection l

Endpoint Protection l

Wireless Protection l

Webserver Protection l

Sandstorm

Those can be purchased separately or in combination according to your needs. The FullGuard license contains all subscriptions. Each of the subscriptions enables certain features of the product. The table below gives you an overview which features are enabled with which subscription.

Feature Base

License

Network

Web

Email

Endpoint

Wireless

Webserver

Sandstorm

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Feature

Firewall/NAT

(DNAT,

SNAT, ...)

PPTP &

L2TP

Remote

Access

Local Logging, standard executive reports

Intrusion Prevention (Patterns, DoS,

Flood, Portscan ...)

IPsec & SSL

Site-to-site

VPN, IPsec

& SSL

Remote

Access

Base

License

Network

Web

Email

Endpoint

Wireless

Webserver

Sandstorm

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Feature

Advanced

Networking

(Link Aggregation, link balancing,

Policy Routing, OSPF,

Multicast, custom QoS,

Server Load

Balancing,

Generic

Proxy ...)

User Portal

High Availability

Remote

Auth (AD, eDir,

RADIUS, ...)

Remote Logging, advanced executive reports

(archiving, configuration)

Basic Web

Filtering &

FTP Proxy

Base

License

Network

Web

Email

Endpoint

(

)

( )

Wireless

Webserver

Sandstorm

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4.3 Licensing

Feature

Web & FTP malware filtering

Application

Control

Basic SMTP

Proxy, Quarantine

Report, Mail

Manager

SMTP &

POP3 malware filtering

Endpoint

Protection,

Antivirus

Endpoint

Protection,

Device Control

Wireless Protection

Webserver

Protection

Sandstorm

Base

License

Network

Web

Email

Endpoint

( )

Wireless

Webserver

Sandstorm

( )

There is also a BasicGuard subscription, available for UTM appliance model 100, which offers its own subset of the above mentioned features (for more information visit the product webpage ).

UTMs can also be managed and licensed by Sophos UTM Manager (SUM). In this case, the

SUM provides the MSP (Managed Service Provider) license to the UTM, and the Installation tab is disabled. Subscriptions can only be enabled by your SUM service provider.

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For more detailed information on subscriptions and their feature set please refer to your certified UTM Partner or the Sophos UTM webpage .

Missing subscriptions result in disabled tabs in WebAdmin. Above the tabs a licensing warning message is displayed.

Figure 9 Licensing: Subscription Warning Message

Up2Dates

Each subscription enables full automatic update support, i.e. you will be automatically informed about new firmware updates. Also, firmware and pattern updates can be downloaded (and installed) automatically.

A base license without any subscriptions supports only limited automatic updates: solely pattern updates such as online help updates and the like will continue to be downloaded and installed automatically. You will, however, not be informed about available firmware updates, and the firmware updates have to be downloaded manually. Announcements for new firmware updates can be found in the Sophos UTM Up2Date Blog .

Support and Maintenance

The base license comes with Web Support. You can use the Sophos UTM Support Forum and the Sophos Knowledgebase .

As soon as you purchase one of the subscriptions you will be automatically upgraded to Stand-

ard Support, where you can additionally open a support case in MyUTM Portal or contact your certified UTM Partner.

There is also the possibility to purchase a Premium Support subscription, which offers 24/7 support with a UTM Engineer being your contact person.

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4.3.3 Overview

The Licensing > Overview tab provides detailed information about your license and is divided into multiple areas: l

Base License: Shows basic license parameters such as ID, registration date, or type.

Network Protection, Email Protection, Web Protection, Webserver Protection,

Wireless Protection, Sandstorm, Endpoint AntiVirus, BasicGuard: These sections show information for subscriptions, such as whether they have been purchased and are therefore enabled, their expiration date, and a short description of the features they provide.

Note – When using MSP licensing, no expirations will be displayed, as licenses are managed by Sophos UTM Manager (SUM). Traditional keys and subscriptions are replaced with the SUM MSP system. For information about the managing SUM, see

Central Management >

Sophos UTM Manager

Support Services: Shows the support level plus the date until it is valid.

4.3.4 Installation

On the Management > Licensing > Installation tab you can upload and install a new license.

Note – When using MSP licensing, the tab is disabled, as licenses are managed by Sophos

UTM Manager (SUM). New licenses can be installed by your SUM service provider. For information about the managing SUM, see Central Management >

Sophos UTM Manager

To install a license, proceed as follows:

Open the Upload File dialog window.

Click the Folder icon next to the License file box.

The Upload File dialog window opens.

Select the license file.

Browse to the directory where your license file resides.

Select the license file you want to upload.

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Click Start Upload.

Your license file will be uploaded.

Click Apply.

Your license will be installed. Note that the new license will automatically replace any other license already installed.

The installation of the license will take approximately 60 seconds.

4.3.5 Active IP Addresses

The free Sophos UTM Manager license allows for unlimited IP addresses.

If you do not have a license allowing unlimited users (IP addresses), this tab displays information on IP addresses covered by your license. IP addresses that exceed the scope of your license are listed separately. If the limit is exceeded you will receive an email notification at regular intervals.

Note – IP addresses not seen for a period of seven days will automatically be removed from the license counter.

4.4 Up2Date

The Management > Up2Date menu allows the configuration of the update service of Sophos

UTM. Regularly installed updates keep your UTM up-to-date with the latest bug-fixes, product improvements, and virus patterns. Each update is digitally signed by Sophos—any unsigned or forged update will be rejected. By default new update packages are automatically downloaded to UTM. This option can be configured in the Management > Up2Date > Configuration menu.

There are two types of updates available: l

Firmware updates: A firmware update contains bug-fixes and feature enhancements for Sophos UTM Software.

Pattern updates: A pattern update keeps the antivirus, antispam, intrusion prevention definitions as well as the online help up-to-date.

In order to download Up2Date packages, UTM opens a TCP connection to the update servers on port 443—allowing this connection without any adjustment to be made by the administrator.

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4.4 Up2Date firewall in between, you must explicitly allow the communication via the port 443 TCP to the update servers.

Up2Date in High Availability and Cluster

In a high availability system there is an active and an passive node. When a new update is available the passive node installs the most recent update and takes over the active node. The passive node becomes the active node with the newest update. After the takeover the new passive node starts the same update process. If an update package is available, a button Update to

Latest Version Now is displayed on the Management > Up2Date > Overview tab.

In a cluster you have several nodes: Master, Slave and Worker. If a new update is available, the slave node and half of the worker nodes install the recent update. When the installation is finished, the slave node takes over and becomes the master. The new slave node and the rest of the worker nodes start the same update process. If at least one worker or slave node is in

SYNCING state, you cannot update the UTM.

High Availability Updates in Amazon Web Service

For every high availability system update in Amazon Web Service (AWS) a new Amazon

Machine Image (AMI) will be uploaded. Every hour the system checks automatically for new updates in the amazon marketplace. If an update package is available, a button Update to

Latest Version Now is displayed on the Management > Up2Date > Overview tab. There are two different ways to update HA depending on the deployment type. Based on the AWS CloudFormation template the system get Cold Standby, deployment with one UTM running, or Warm

Standby, deployment with two UTMs running.

Warm Standby: If two nodes are running, the update goes faster. The passive node will be terminated, then uploads and installs the AMI image with the new firmware version. When the installation is finished, the node takes over and become the active node. The second node become passive and starts the same update process.

Cold Standby: If there is only one active node, the update will take more time. The update process triggers a second node. The node will be terminated then, uploads and installs the AMI image with the new firmware version. After the installation the node takes over, become active node and the first node will be deactivated. After the update there is still only one node active.

In both way the system creates periodically backups of the configurations, reporting data and logs every 5 minutes. All data will be transferred to a S3 storage and will be automatically imported to the node after the update is completed.

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If you run a UTM without cluster in AWS, the update process is the same as in a local network.

4.4.1 Overview

The Management > Up2Date > Overview tab provides a quick overview whether your system is up-to-date. From here, you can install new firmware and pattern updates.

U p 2 D a t e Pr o g r e s s

This section is only visible when you have triggered an installation process. Click the button

Watch Up2Date Progress in New Window to monitor the update progress. If your browser does not suppress pop-up windows, a new window showing the update progress will be opened. Otherwise you will have to explicitly allow the pop-up window.

Note – A backup will be sent to the standard backup email recipients before an installation process is started.

Figure 10 Up2Date: Progress Window

Fir mw a r e

The Firmware section shows the currently installed firmware version. If an update package is available, a button Update to Latest Version Now is displayed. Additionally, you will see a

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4.4 Up2Date message in the Available Firmware Up2Dates section. You can directly download and install the most recent update that is displayed from here. Once you have clicked Update To Latest Ver-

sion Now, you can watch the update progress in new a window. For this, click the Reload button of WebAdmin.

Av a ila b le Fir mw a r e U p 2 D a t e s

If you have selected Manual on the Configuration tab, you can see a Check for Up2Date Pack-

ages Now button in this section, which you can use to download firmware Up2Date packages manually. If there are more than one Up2Dates available, you can select which one you are going to install. You can use the Update to Latest Version Now button in the Firmware section if you want to install the most recent version directly.

There is a Schedule button available for each Up2Date with which you can define a specific date and time where an update is to be installed automatically. To cancel a scheduled installation, click Cancel.

A note on "implicit" installations: There can be a constellation, where you schedule an Up2Date package which requires an older Up2Date package to be installed first. This Up2Date package will be automatically scheduled for installation before the actual Up2Date package. However, you can define a specific time for this package, too, but you cannot prevent its installation.

Pa t t e r n

The Pattern section shows the current version of the installed patterns. If you have selected

Manual on the Configuration tab, you can see a Update Patterns Now button. Use this button to download and install new patterns if available.

Note – The current pattern version does not need to be identical with the latest available pattern version in order for the UTM unit to be working correctly. A deviation between the current and the latest available pattern version might occur when new patterns are available, which, however, do not apply to the unit you are using. What patterns are downloaded is dependent on your settings and hardware configuration. For example, if you do not use the intrusion prevention feature of Sophos UTM, newly available IPS patterns will not be installed, thus increasing the divergence between the currently installed and the latest available pattern version.

4.4.2 Configuration

By default, new update packages are automatically downloaded to UTM.

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Fir mw a r e D o w n lo a d I n t e r v a l

This option is set to 15 minutes by default, that is Sophos UTM checks every 15 minutes for available firmware updates. Sophos UTM will automatically download (but not install) available firmware update packages. The precise time when this happens is distributed randomly within the limits of the selected interval. You can change the interval up to Monthly or you can disable automatic firmware download by selecting Manual from the drop-down list. If you select Manual you will find a Check for Up2Date Packages Now button on the Overview tab.

Pa t t e r n D o w n lo a d / I n s t a lla t io n I n t e r v a l

This option is set to 15 minutes by default, that is Sophos UTM checks every 15 minutes for available pattern updates. Sophos UTM will automatically download and install available pattern update packages. The precise time when this happens is distributed randomly within the limits of the selected interval. You can change the interval up to Monthly or you can disable automatic pattern download and installation by selecting Manual from the drop-down list. If you select

Manual you will find a Update Patterns Now button on the Overview tab.

4.4.3 Advanced

The Management > Up2Date > Advanced tab lets you configure further Up2Date options such as selecting a parent proxy or Up2Date cache for your UTM.

Note – Update packages can be downloaded from Sophos UTM Downloads .

Manual Up2Date Package Upload: If your UTM does not have direct access to the Internet or an Up2Date cache to download new update packages directly, you can upload the update package manually. To do so, proceed as follows:

Open the Upload File dialog window.

Click the Folder icon next to the Up2Date file box.

The Upload File dialog window opens.

Select the update package.

Click Browse in the Upload File dialog window and select the update package you want to upload.

Click Start Upload.

The update package will be uploaded to UTM.

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Click Apply.

Your settings will be saved.

Pa r e n t Pr o x y

Use a parent proxy:

Select the checkbox to enable parent proxy use.

Select or add the host.

Enter the port of the proxy.

How to add a definition is explained on the Definitions & Users > Network Definitions >

Network Definitions page.

Click Apply.

Your settings will be saved.

Proxy requires authentication: If the parent proxy requires authentication, enter username and password here.

Note – The parent proxy is disabled when the option Use SUM Server as Up2Date Cache is enabled on the Central Management > Sophos UTM Manager tab.

If a parent proxy is configured, Sophos UTM fetches both firmware and pattern Up2Dates from it.

4.5 Backup/Restore

The backup restoring function allows you to save the UTM settings to a file on a local disk. This backup file allows you to install a known good configuration on a new or misconfigured system.

Be sure to make a backup after every system change. This will ensure that the most current settings are always available. In addition, keep your backups in a safe place, as it also contains security-relevant data such as certificates and cryptographic keys. After generating a backup, you should always check it for readability. It is also a good idea to use an external program to generate MD5 checksums, for this will allow you to check the integrity of the backup later on.

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4.5.1 Backup/Restore

On the Management > Backup/Restore > Backup/Restore tab you can create backups, import backups, as well as restore, download, send, and delete existing backups.

Av a ila b le Ba c k u p s

This section is only visible if at least one backup has been created before, either by the automatic backup function or manually (see section Create Backup).

All backups are listed giving date and time of their creation, their UTM version number, the user who created it, and the comment.

You can decide whether to download, restore, delete, or send a backup.

Download: Opens a dialog window where you can decide to download the file encrypted (provide password) or unencrypted. Click Download Backup. You are prompted to select a location in the file system for the downloaded backup to reside.

Encrypt before downloading: Before downloading or sending it, you have the option to encrypt the backup. Encryption is realized with Blowfish cipher in CBC mode. Provide a password (second time for verification). You will be asked for this password when importing the backup. The file extension for encrypted backups is ebf

, for unencrypted backups abf.

Note – A backup does include administrator passwords, the high availability passphrase if configured, as well as all RSA keys and X.509 certificates. Since this information is confidential, it is good practice to enable encryption.

Restore: Replaces the current system settings by the settings stored in a backup. You will have to log in again afterwards. If the selected backup contains all data you can log in directly. If the selected backup does not contain all data (see section Create Backup) you will have to enter the necessary data during the login procedure. If only the host data has been removed in the selected backup you can add an additional administrative email address if you want. It will be used where no recipient is given and as additional address where multiple recipients are possible.

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Note – Backup restoration is only backward compatible. Only backups from versions smaller than the current one are considered functional. If there is a version conflict the version number in the Available backups list will be orange.

Restoring backups from USB flash drive: You can also restore unencrypted backup files (file extension abf) from a FAT formatted USB flash drive such as a simple USB stick. To restore a backup from a USB flash drive, copy the backup file to the USB flash drive and plug the device into Sophos UTM prior to boot up. If several backup files are stored on the device, the lexicographically first file will be used

(numbers precede letters). For example, suppose the backup files gateway_ backup_2012-04-17.abf

and 2011-03-20_gateway_backup.abf are both stored on the USB flash drive. During the boot up, the second file will be used because it begins with a number, although it is much older than the other one.

In addition, a lock file is created after the successful recovery of a backup, preventing the installation of the same backup over and over again while the USB flash drive is still being plugged in. However, if you want to install a previous backup once again, you must first reboot with no USB flash drive plugged in. This will delete all lock files. When you now boot with the USB flash drive plugged in again, the same backup can be installed.

Delete: Deletes a backup from the list. Using the Delete icon on the bottom of the list, you can delete all selected backups. To select backups, click the checkboxes to the left of the backups or use the checkbox on the bottom to select all backups.

Send: In a dialog window you can specify the email recipients. By default, the address

(es) provided on the Automatic Backups tab are selected. Then decide if you want to send the file encrypted (provide password) or unencrypted. Click Send Now to send the backup.

Encrypt before sending: See Encrypt before downloading above.

C r e a t e Ba c k u p

Backups are not only useful to restore your system after an (unwanted) change or failure.

Moreover, they can be used as templates to set up systems that should have a similar configuration so that those systems are already pre-configured in some way which can save you a lot of time. For that, you can strip certain information from a backup before it is created, e.g. hostname, certificates, etc.

To create a backup with the current system state, proceed as follows:

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In the Create Backup section, enter a comment (optional).

The comment will be displayed along with the backup in the backup list.

Make the following settings (optional):

Remove unique site data: Select this option to create the backup without host-specific data. This includes hostname, system ID, SNMP data, HA data, license, shell user passwords, and anonymization passwords as well as all certificates, public and private keys, fingerprints and secrets of Email Protection, Web Protection, Client Authentication,

IPsec, SSL VPN, RED, WebAdmin, Web Application Firewall, and proxies.

Such backups are a convenient means to set up multiple similar systems. There are some things to consider though: 1) After restoring you are presented the basic system setup. 2) Only the first interface is configured, the primary IP address being the one that has been configured during installation. All other interfaces will be disabled and set to IP address 0.0.0.0.

Caution – Although most of the host-specific data is being removed, such a backup template still contains confidential information, such as user passwords. Therefore it is good practice to always encrypt it.

Remove administrative mail addresses: Select this option to additionally remove the administrator email addresses used in various parts of UTM, e.g. postmaster addresses in Email Protection, notifications, etc. This option is especially useful for IT partners who set up Sophos UTM devices at customers' sites.

Click Create Backup Now.

The backup appears in the list of available backups.

If a backup is created with one or both of the options selected, the backup entry contains a respective additional comment.

Note – The HA settings are part of the hardware configurations and cannot be saved in a backup. This means that the HA settings will not be overwritten by a backup restore.

I mp o r t Ba c k u p

To import a backup, proceed as follows:

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Click the Folder icon and select a backup file to upload.

Click Start Upload.

Decrypt the backup.

If you want to upload an encrypted backup file, you must provide the correct passphrase prior to importing the backup.

Click Import Backup to import the backup.

Note that the backup will not instantly be restored. Instead, it will be added to the Avail-

able backups list.

4.5.2 Automatic Backups

On the Management > Backup/Restore > Automatic Backup tab you can configure several options dealing with the automatic generation of backups. To have backups created automatically, proceed as follows:

Enable automatic backups on the Automatic Backups tab.

Click the toggle switch.

The toggle switch turns green and the Options and Send Backups by Email areas become editable.

Select the interval.

Automatic backups can be created at various intervals.

You can choose between daily, weekly, and monthly.

Specify the maximum number of backups to be stored.

Automatically created backups are stored up to the number you enter here. Once the maximum has been reached, the oldest automatic backups will be deleted.

Note that this applies to automatically created backups only. Backups created manually and backups created automatically before a system update will not be deleted.

Click Apply.

Your settings will be saved.

The toggle switch turns green.

To save you the work of backing up your UTM manually, the backup feature supports emailing the backup file to a list of defined email addresses.

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Recipients: Automatically generated backups will be sent to users contained in the Recipients box. Multiple addresses can be added. By default, the first administrator's email address is used.

Encrypt email backups: In addition, you have the option to encrypt the backup (Triple DES encryption).

Password: Once you have selected the Encrypt email backups option, provide a password

(second time for verification). You will be prompted for this password when importing the backup.

Automatically created backups will appear in the Available Backups list on the Backup/Restore tab, marked with the System flag indicating the Creator. From there, they can be restored, downloaded, or deleted as any backup you have created by yourself.

4.6 User Portal

The User Portal of Sophos UTM is a special browser-based application on the unit providing personalized email and remote access services to authorized users. It can be accessed by browsing to the URL of Sophos UTM, for example, https://192.168.2.100 (note the

HTTPS protocol and the missing port number 4444 you would normally enter for accessing the

WebAdmin interface).

Among other things, the User Portal contains the email quarantine, which holds messages that are infected by malicious software, contain suspicious attachments, are identified as spam, or contain certain expressions you have explicitly declared forbidden.

On the login page, users can select a language from the drop-down list located on the right side of the header bar.

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4.6 User Portal

Figure 11 User Portal: Welcome Page

On the User Portal, users have access to the following services: l

SMTP Quarantine: Users can view and release messages held in quarantine. Which types of messages they are allowed to release can be determined on the Email Pro-

tection > Quarantine Report >

Advanced

tab. (The tab is called Mail Quarantine when

POP3 is disabled.) l

SMTP Log: Here, users can view the SMTP log of their mail traffic. (The tab is called

Mail Log when POP3 is disabled.) l

POP3 Quarantine: Users can view and release messages held in quarantine. Which types of messages they are allowed to release can be determined on the Email Pro-

tection > Quarantine Report >

Advanced

tab. (The tab is called Mail Quarantine when

SMTP is disabled.) l

POP3 Accounts: Users can enter their credentials of POP3 accounts they use. Only those spam emails will appear in the User Portal for which POP3 account credentials are given. A user for whom POP3 account credentials are stored will receive an individual

Quarantine Report for each email address. Note that allowed POP3 servers must be specified on the Email Protection > POP3 >

Advanced

tab.

Sender Whitelist: Here, senders can be whitelisted, thus messages from them are not regarded as spam. However, emails with viruses or unscannable emails will still be quarantined. Whitelisted senders can be specified by either entering valid email addresses

(e.g., [email protected]) or all email addresses of a specific domain using an asterisk as wildcard (e.g., *@example.com). If a Whitelist entry matches exactly, the sender blacklist check will be skipped.

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Sender Blacklist: Here, users can blacklist email senders, e.g.

[email protected]

, or whole domains, e.g. *@hotmail.com. The blacklist is applied to both SMTP and POP3 email, if these are in use on the system. Blacklisted senders can be specified by clicking the Plus icon, entering the address and clicking the

Tick icon to save it.

Hotspots: Here, users can find and manage access data for hotspots. The tab is only available if at least one hotspot has been enabled for the specific user. For hotspots of the type password-of-the-day, the current password is available and can be changed. For hotspots of the type voucher, vouchers can be generated, printed, exported, and deleted. A list of generated vouchers shows information on their usage. For more information see Wireless Protection >

Hotspots

Client Authentication: Here, users can download the setup file of Sophos Authentication Agent (SAA). The SAA can be used as authentication mode for the Web Filter. The

Client Authentication tab is only available if Client Authentication is enabled. For more information see Definitions & Users >

Client Authentication

OTP Token: Here, users find one or more QR codes and the respective detail information for configuring the UTM's one-time password service on their mobile devices. For more information see Definitions & Users > Authentication Services >

One-time Password

Remote Access: Users can download remote access client software and configuration files provided for them. However, the Remote Access tab is only available if at least one remote access mode has been enabled for the specific user.

HTML5 VPN Portal: Here, users can open VPN connections to predefined hosts using predefined services. The tab is only available if at least one VPN connection has been enabled for the specific user. For more information see Remote Access >

HTML5 VPN

Portal

Change Password: Users can change the password for accessing the User Portal.

HTTPS Proxy: Users can import the HTTP/S Proxy CA certificate to get rid of error messages when visiting secure websites. After clicking Import Proxy CA Certificate, users will be prompted by their browser to trust the CA for different purposes. For more information see Web Protection > Filtering Options >

HTTPS CAs

Log out: Click here to log out of the User Portal. This is only necessary when you have selected Remember My Login at login (which creates a cookie) and you want to explicitly logout and have this cookie deleted. Otherwise, there is no need to use the Log out link— closing the browser tab or window is sufficient.

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4.6.1 Global

On the Management > User Portal > Global tab you can enable the User Portal. Additionally you can specify which networks and which users should be granted access to the User Portal.

To enable User Portal access, proceed as follows:

Enable the User Portal.

Click the toggle switch.

The toggle switch turns amber and the User Portal Options area becomes editable.

Select the allowed networks.

Add or select the networks that should be allowed to access the User Portal. How to add a definition is explained on the Definitions & Users > Network Definitions > Network Defin-

itions page.

Select the allowed users.

Select the users or user groups or add new users that should be able to access the User

Portal. How to add a user is explained on the Definitions & Users > Users & Groups >

Users page.

If you do not want to grant access to all users, unselect the Allow all users checkbox and select the users and user groups individually.

Click Apply.

Your settings will be saved.

The toggle switch turns green.

4.6.2 Advanced

On the Advanced tab you can configure an alternative hostname and port number for the User

Portal as well as language and security options.

L a n g u a g e

During login, the User Portal fetches the language settings of the web browser and loads the respective locales to display the portal in the same language as the browser defaults. For browser language settings that are not available for the User Portal, you can select here which language will be the fallback language. Users have additionally the option to select a language on the User Portal login page.

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Se c u r it y

The User Portal uses cookies to track sessions. Persistent cookies permit to return after having closed a session without having to log in again. They can always be deleted from user-side, however, by using the Log Out button of the User Portal.

D is a b le Po r t a l I t e ms

For the features listed here a menu item is displayed in the User Portal when the respective feature has been enabled in WebAdmin. However, here you can define menu items that should not be displayed in the User Portal. To do so, select the respective option(s) and click Apply.

N e t w o r k Se t t in g s

Hostname: By default, this is UTM's hostname as given on the Management > System Settings

Hostname

tab. However, if you want to grant access to the User Portal for users gaining access over the Internet, it might be necessary to enter an alternative hostname here that can be publicly resolved.

Listen address: Default value is Any. When using the web application firewall you need to give a specific interface address for the service to listen for User Portal connections. This is necessary for the User Portal connection handler and the web application firewall to be able to differentiate between the incoming SSL connections.

Port: By default, port 443 for HTTPS is selected. You can change the port to any value in the range from 1024 to 65535. Note that you cannot select either 10443 or the WebAdmin TCP

Port, which is configured on the Management > WebAdmin Settings >

Advanced

tab. Independent of the defined port, the User Portal can always be accessed via HTTPS only.

W e lc o me Me s s a g e

You can customize the welcome message of the User Portal. Simple HTML markup and hyperlinks are allowed.

Note – Changing the welcome message is not possible when using a home use license.

4.7 Notifications

Sophos UTM comes with a notification feature that informs you immediately about all sorts of security-relevant events occurring on UTM, either by email or SNMP trap. All events that might

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4.7 Notifications possibly be of interest to an administrator are represented by various error, warning, and information codes. What notifications are sent depends on the selection you have configured on the Notifications tab.

4.7.1 Global

On the Management > Notifications > Global tab you can configure the sender address (i.e., the

From address) to be taken for notification emails sent by UTM. By default, this is [email protected]

. If you want to change this address, it is advisable to enter an email address of your domain, as some mail servers might be configured to check whether a given sender address really exists.

In addition, you can specify the recipients of UTM notifications. By default, this is the administrator's email address you had entered during the initial setup.

Limit notifications: Some security-relevant events such as detected intrusion attempts will create a lot of notifications, which may quickly clog the notification recipients' email inboxes. For this reason, Sophos UTM has sensible default values to limit the number of notifications sent per hour. If you disable this option, every security-relevant event will create a notification, provided the event is configured so as to send a notification on the Management > Notifications > Noti-

fications tab.

D e v ic e Sp e c if ic Te x t

Here you can enter a description of Sophos UTM, e.g. its location, which will be displayed in the notifications sent.

4.7.2 Notifications

Notifications are divided into three categories: l

CRIT: Messages informing about critical events that might render UTM inoperable.

WARN: Warnings about potential problems that need your attention, for example, exceeding thresholds.

INFO: Merely informational messages such as the restart of a system component, for example.

You can select whether you want to send the notification as email or SNMP trap.

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4.7.3 Advanced

In case your UTM cannot send emails directly, you can configure a smarthost to send the emails. Proceed as follows:

Enable External SMTP server status on the Management > Notifications >

Advanced tab.

Click the toggle switch.

The toggle switch turns amber and the External SMTP Server area becomes editable.

Enter your smarthost.

You can use drag-and-drop. The port is preset to the default SMTP port 25.

Use TLS: Select this checkbox if you want to enforce STARTTLS when sending notifications. Note that notifications will not be sent if the smarthost does not support TLS.

Specify the authentication settings.

If the smarthost requires authentication, check the Authentication checkbox and enter the corresponding username and password.

Click Apply.

Your settings will be saved.

The toggle switch turns green.

4.8 Customization

The tabs under Management > Customization allow you to customize and localize email notifications and status messages created by Sophos UTM, making it possible to adapt those messages to both your policy and your corporate identity.

In addition, you can edit and upload custom web templates to further change the way that users receive block messages and other notifications.

Note – Customization is not possible when using a home use license.

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4.8 Customization

4.8.1 Global

On the Management > Customization > Global tab you can customize global display options for the system messages presented to users. Note that UTF-8/Unicode is supported.

The example below shows the customizable global options (Company Logo and Custom Com-

pany Text), along with an example of a "Content Block" message, which is configured on the

Management > Customization > Web Messages page.

Figure 12 Customization: Example Blocked Page and Its Customizable Parts

C o mp a n y L o g o

You can upload your own logo/banner (in png format only), which is used in the following contexts: l

Web messages l

POP3 blocked messages l

Quarantine release status messages (which will appear in the Quarantine Report after a spam email has been released from the quarantine or whitelisted.) l

Quarantine Report

Some of the messages displayed to users have been optimized for the default logo (195 x 73 pixels with a transparent background). For the best-looking results, use an image that has the same attributes.

To upload a logo:

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Open the Upload file dialog window.

Click the Folder icon next to the Upload new logo box.

The Upload File dialog window opens.

Select the logo.

Browse to the location where the logo that you want to upload resides.

Once you have selected the logo, click Start Upload.

Click Apply.

The logo will be uploaded, replacing the file that is already installed.

C u s t o m C o mp a n y Te x t

Customize the message that will be displayed beneath the company logo whenever a website was blocked by the virus scanner or the content filter of Sophos UTM. For example, you might want to enter the administrator's contact data here.

4.8.2 Web Messages

Customize the text for web filtering messages displayed by Sophos UTM. Some messages are displayed when users are restricted from downloading files that are too large, are of a certain type, or contain a virus. Other messages are displayed when users attempt to access restricted websites or applications, while users are downloading files, or when users are required to authenticate with the UTM. You can translate messages into other languages or, for example, modify the messages to show customer support contact information.

Note – The text entered in the fields of the Web Messages tab can be referenced in custom web templates. For more information, see

Web Templates

The following messages are configurable: l

Content Block

Surf Protection: This message is displayed when a user attempts to access a webpage whose URL matches a category that is configured to be blocked or the site's reputation falls below the specified threshold. For more information, see

Web Protection >

Web Filtering

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4.8 Customization l

Blacklist: This message is displayed when a user attempts to retrieve a webpage that matches a blacklisted URL. To blacklist URLs, see Web Protection > Web Fil-

tering > Policies > Website Filtering

MIME Type: This message is displayed when a user requests a file that is a blocked MIME type. For more about specifying MIME types, see Web Protection >

Web Filtering > Policies >

Downloads

File Extension: This message is displayed when a user requests a blocked file extension. For more about specifying file extensions, see Web Protection > Web

Filtering > Policies >

Downloads

File Size: This message is displayed when a user requests a file that exceeds the file size limit. To configure download size limits, see Web Protection > Web Filtering

> Policies >

Downloads

Application Control: This message is displayed when a user attempts to use a type of network traffic that is configured to be blocked by Application Control. For more information on Application Control, see Web Protection >

Application

Control

Virus Detected: This message is displayed when a file is blocked due to a virus infection. For more information on configuring virus protection, see Web Pro-

tection > Web Filtering > Policies >

Antivirus

Download/Scan

Download in Progress: This message is displayed while a file is being downloaded. See

Download Manager

Virus Scan in Progress: This message is displayed while the UTM scans files for malicious content. See

Download Manager

Download Complete: This message is displayed after a file has been fully downloaded, scanned, and determined safe. See

Download Manager

Authentication

Transparent Mode Authentication: This option only applies if you use Web Filtering in Transparent Mode, and you have selected the "Browser" authentication mode. For more information, see Web Protection > Web Filter Profiles >

Filter Profiles

. The text is displayed on the authentication page, where users must log in

before using the Web Filter. If the Terms of Use field is filled in, a disclaimer is displayed on the authentication page. If this field is empty (as it is by default), a disclaimer is not displayed.

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Bypass Content Block: This message is displayed when a page is blocked by

Surf Protection and the option to bypass blocking option is enabled (see Web Pro-

tection > Filtering Options >

Bypass Users

). If the Terms of Use field is filled in, a disclaimer is displayed on the authentication page. If this field is empty (as it is by default), a disclaimer is not displayed.

Error

Server Error: This message is displayed if an error occurs while processing the user's request.

Administrator Information: Here you can enter information about the administrator managing the Web Filter, including the administrator's email address.

4.8.2.1 Modifying a Web Message

To modify a message, do the following:

Select the message.

From the Page drop-down list, select the end user message that you want to edit.

The Subject and Description for that message are displayed.

Modify the subject and/or description.

Modify the default text as necessary.

Click Apply.

The text changes are saved.

4.8.2.2 Download Manager

If the Web Filter is enabled, the web browser will display the following download pages while downloading content greater than 1 MB in size that is neither text nor an image. The download page will not be displayed when video or audio streams are requested or more than 50 % of the file has been downloaded within five seconds.

The information provided on the download pages can be customized on the Web Messages tab.

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Figure 13 Customization: HTTP Download Page Step 1 of 3: Downloading File

Figure 14 Customization: HTTP Download Page Step 2 of 3: Virus Scanning

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Figure 15 Customization: HTTP Download Page Step 3 of 3: File Download Completed

4.8.3 Web Templates

To customize both the appearance and content of messages that are displayed to users, you can upload HTML files to Sophos UTM. As a guide, Sophos provides several sample templates.These templates show you how to use variables that can dynamically insert information that is relevant for individual user messages. For example, if a file is blocked because it contains a virus, you can include a variable that inserts the name of the virus that was blocked.

4.8.3.1 Customizing Web Templates

Caution – Customizing Sophos UTM notifications is an advanced topic. Only those with sufficient knowledge of HTML and JavaScript should attempt these tasks.

You can upload custom versions of Sophos UTM notifications, including block messages, status messages, error messages, and authentication prompts. The four sample templates contain working examples of variables as well as several sample images. Either use the sample templates as a basis for your custom messages and notifications or upload your own HTML files.

Valid variables are described in Using Variables in UTM Web Templates in the Sophos Knowledgebase .

If you want to use the text from a message configured on the Web Messages tab, you can insert the appropriate variable in your custom template. For more information, see Web Messages.

To download the sample templates and images, click the link below, and save the .zip file:

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4.8 Customization http://www.astaro.com/lists/Web_Templates.zip

4.8.3.2 Uploading Custom Web Templates and Images

Once you have edited and saved your custom template, you are ready to upload it to the UTM.

To upload a web template or image:

Open the Upload File dialog window.

Click the Folder icon next to the name of the type of template that you want to upload, or click the Folder icon next to Images if you want to upload an image.

Note – The supported file types are .png,.jpg, .jpeg, and .gif.

The Upload File dialog window opens.

Select the template or image.

Browse to the location of the template or image that you want to upload.

Once you have selected the template or image, click Start Upload.

The Upload File dialog window closes.

Click Apply.

The template or image will be uploaded.

4.8.4 Email Messages

Customize the text that is displayed in user messages generated by the SMTP/POP3 proxies of

Sophos UTM. You can translate these messages into other languages or modify them to show customer support contact information, for example. The following messages can be customized:

Q u a r a n t in e

Email released from quarantine: This message is shown when an email was successfully released from the quarantine.

Error on releasing email from quarantine: This message is shown when an error occurred while releasing an email from the quarantine.

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PO P3

POP3 message blocked: This message is sent to the recipient when a POP3 email message was blocked.

Figure 16 Customization: POP3 Proxy Blocked Message

SPX

These notification emails are sent when SPX Encryption is enabled and something went wrong.

The notifications are sent to the specified persons (see Email Encryption > SPX Encryption

> SPX Configuration tab).

Sender specified password missing: This email is sent to the specified person(s) when the email sender did not specify a password for SPX encryption.

Sender specified password too short: This email is sent to the specified person(s) when the password specified by the email sender is too short.

Sender specified password does not include special characters: This email is sent to the specified person(s) when the password specified by email sender does not contain the required special character.

Internal error: This email is sent to the specified person(s) when the email could not be delivered due to technical problems.

Internal error – sender notification: This email is sent to the specified person(s) when the email could not be delivered due to an error during the creation of SPX mail.

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Reply portal URL not found: This message will be displayed on the reply portal page, when the recipient clicks the Reply button in the encrypted email, and the underlying URL cannot be found.

As the default settings show, some variables can be used in the notifications: l

%%SENDER%%

(only in the email subject): The email sender l

%%RECIPIENT%%

: The email recipient l

%%REASON%%

(only in the email description): The reason for the message. Will be replaced by an appropriate error text

4.9 SNMP

The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is used by network management systems to monitor network-attached devices such as routers, servers, and switches. SNMP allows the administrator to make quick queries about the condition of each monitored network device. You can configure Sophos UTM to reply to SNMP queries or to send SNMP traps to SNMP management tools. The former is achieved with so-called management information bases (MIBs).

An MIB specifies what information can be queried for which network device. Sophos UTM supports SNMP version 2 and 3 and the following MIBs: l

DISMAN-EVENT-MIB: Event Management Information Base l

HOST-RESOURCES-MIB: Host Resources Management Information Base l

IF-MIB: Interfaces Group Management Information Base l

IP-FORWARD-MIB: IP Forwarding Table Management Information Base l

IP-MIB: Management Information Base for the Internet Protocol (IP) l

NOTIFICATION-LOG-MIB: Notification Log Management Information Base l

RFC1213-MIB: Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IPbased Internet: MIB II l

SNMPv2-MIB: Management Information Base for the Simple Network Management

Protocol (SNMP) l

TCP-MIB: Management Information Base for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) l

UDP-MIB: Management Information Base for the User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

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In order to get Sophos UTM system information, an SNMP manager must be used that has at least the RFC1213-MIB (MIB II) compiled into it.

4.9.1 Query

On the Management > SNMP > Query page you can enable the usage of SNMP queries.

To configure SNMP queries, proceed as follows:

Enable SNMP Queries.

Click the toggle switch.

The sections SNMP Version and SNMP Access Control become editable.

Select the SNMP version.

In the SNMP Version section, select a version from the drop-down list. SNMP version 3 requires authentication.

Select allowed networks.

Networks listed in the Allowed Networks box are able to query the SNMP agent running on Sophos UTM. You should only add networks to the Allowed Networks that will query the SNMP agent, it is not advisable to add any none private networks to the list. Note that the access is always read-only.

Community string: When using version 2, enter a community string. An SNMP community string acts as a password that is used to protect access to the SNMP agent. By default, the SNMP community string is "public", but you can change it to any setting that best suits your needs.

Note – Allowed characters for the community string are: (a-z), (A-Z), (0-9), (+),

(_), (@), (.), (-), (blank).

Username/Password: When using version 3, authentication is required. Enter a username and password (second time for verification) to enable the remote administrator to send queries. The password must have at least eight characters. SNMP v3 uses SHA for authentication and AES for encryption. Note that username and password are used for both of them.

Click Apply.

Your settings will be saved.

Furthermore, you can enter additional information about UTM.

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D e v ic e I n f o r ma t io n

The Device Information text boxes can be used to specify additional information about UTM such as its name, location, and administrator. This information can be read by SNMP management tools to help identify UTM.

Note – All SNMP traffic (protocol version 2) between UTM and the Allowed Networks is not encrypted and can be read during the transfer over public networks.

As t a r o N o t if ie r MI B

This section allows you to download the Astaro MIB which contains the definitions of the Sophos

UTM notification SNMP traps. For historical reasons the MIB uses the Astaro Private Enterprise

Code (SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.astaro).

4.9.2 Traps

In the Traps tab you can define an SNMP trap server to which notifications of relevant events occurring on UTM can be sent as SNMP traps. Note that special SNMP monitoring software is needed to display those traps.

The messages that are sent as SNMP traps contain so-called object identifiers (OID), for example, .1.3.6.1.4.1.9789, which belong to the private enterprise numbers issued by

IANA . Note that .1.3.6.1.4.1 is the iso.org.dod.internet.private.enterprise prefix, while 9789 is Astaro's Private Enterprise Number. The OID for notification events is 1500, to which are appended the OIDs of the type of the notification and the corresponding error code

(000-999). The following notification types are available: l

DEBUG = 0 l

INFO = 1 l

WARN = 2 l

CRIT = 3

Example: The notification "INFO-302: New firmware Up2Date installed" will use the OID

.1.3.6.1.4.1.9789.1500.1.302

and has the following string assigned:

[<HOST>][INFO][302]

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Note that <HOST> is a placeholder representing the hostname of the system and that only type and error code from the notification's subject field are transmitted.

To select an SNMP v2c trap server, proceed as follows:

Click New SNMP Trap Sink.

The Add SNMP Trap Sink dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

SNMP version: Select SNMP v2c from the drop-down list.

Host: The host definition of the SNMP trap server.

Community: An SNMP community string acts as a password that is used to protect access to querying SNMP messages. By default, the SNMP community string is set to

"public". Change it to the string that is configured on the remote SNMP trap server.

Note – Allowed characters for the community string are: (a-z), (A-Z), (0-9), (+), (_),

(@), (.), (-), (blank).

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Click Save.

The new SNMP trap server will be listed on the Traps tab.

The SNMP version 3 requires authentication. To select an SNMP v3 trap server, proceed as follows:

Click New SNMP Trap Sink.

The Add SNMP Trap Sink dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

SNMP version: Select SNMP v3 from the drop-down list.

Host: The host definition of the SNMP trap server.

Username: Enter username for authentication.

Authentication type: Select authentication type from the drop-down list.

Password: Enter password for authentication.

Repeat: Repeat password for authentication.

Encryption type: Select encryption type from the drop-down list.

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Password: Enter password for encryption.

Repeat: Repeat password for encryption.

Engine ID: Enter the Engine ID.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Click Save.

The new SNMP trap server will be listed on the Traps tab.

4.10 Central Management

The pages of the Central Management menu let you configure interfaces to management tools that can be used to monitor or remotely administer the gateway.

4.10.1 Sophos UTM Manager

Sophos UTM Manager (SUM) is Sophos' central management product. You can connect several UTM appliances to a SUM where they centrally can be monitored, configured and maintained. SUM 4.2 supports configuring UTM 9.2 only. Other UTM versions will appear in SUM as well and can be monitored. If for example a UTM 9.2 connects with a SUM 4.1 it falls into legacy mode. Then backups and up2date installations are still allowed.

On this tab, you can configure the connection of your UTM to one or two SUMs.

Note – When using MSP licensing, disabling SUM, changing the SUM host, or modifying the rights of the SUM administrator can only be done by Sophos UTM Manager (SUM).

To prepare Sophos UTM to be monitored by a SUM server, proceed as follows:

On the Sophos UTM Manager tab, enable SUM.

Click the toggle switch.

The toggle switch turns amber and the SUM Settings area becomes editable.

Specify the SUM host.

Select or add the SUM server UTM should connect to. How to add a definition is explained on the Definitions & Users > Network Definitions > Network Definitions page.

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Authentication (optional): If the SUM server requires authentication, select this option and enter the same password (shared secret) as configured on the SUM server.

Use SUM server as Up2Date cache (optional): Up2Date packages can be fetched from a cache located on the SUM server. If you want to use this functionality for your gateway, select the option Use SUM server as Up2Date cache.

Please ensure that on your managing SUM server the Up2Date cache functionality is enabled accordingly. Note that usage of the Up2Date cache functionality is mutually exclusive with using a parent proxy configuration for Up2Dates.

Define the rights of the SUM administrator.

On SUM, the administrator responsible for this UTM can only administer those areas of your UTM which are explicitly allowed to be administered here. The rights listed here correspond to the SUM Gateway Manager main menu and administrative options.

Administration: If selected, the administrator can use all features located in the Main-

tenance and Management menus. He can, for example, view the inventory, create and restore backups, and schedule actions like firmware updates.

Reporting: If selected, the administrator can use all features located in the Reporting menu. He can, for example, request reports from UTM.

Monitoring: If selected, UTM will be displayed on the Monitoring pages and the administrator can use all associated features.

Configuration: If selected, the administrator can use all features located in the Con-

figuration menu. He can, for example, deploy objects (networks, hosts, VPNs) to UTM.

Note – Please refer to the Sophos UTM Manager Administration Guide for detailed information.

Click Apply.

Your settings will be saved.

The toggle switch turns green.

UTM will now try to establish a connection to Sophos UTM Manager. Once the connection between both systems is established, the connection status will turn green. Then

UTM can be monitored and administered by the SUM server selected here. You will be able to see the current connection status and health in the SUM Health section. Reloading the page will update this data. Please use the Open Live Log button and read carefully

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4.10 Central Management the messages from the message board to be able to diagnose connection problems should they occur.

Se t t in g s f o r a Se c o n d SU M

In this section, you can optionally add a second SUM. This is useful in case for example you do the configuration by yourself (first SUM server) but want your machines still to be monitored by a third party, e.g. your MSSP (second SUM server). The settings are almost identical to the first

SUM's settings, except that the Configuration option is missing because they are limited to the first SUM. The UTM will also not appear in the MSP section of the second SUM, which means

MSP licensing is only possible from the first SUM.

Note – The communication between the gateway and SUM takes place on port 4433, whereas the Sophos UTM Manager can be accessed through a browser via the HTTPS protocol on port 4444 for the WebAdmin and on port 4422 for the Gateway Manager interface.

SU M H e a lt h

You will be able to see the current connection status and health in the section called SUM

Health. Reloading the page will update this data.

SU M O b je c t s

This area is disabled (grayed-out) unless there are objects that have been created via a SUM and if this SUM is now disconnected from the Sophos UTM. SUM-created objects can be network definitions, remote host definitions, IPsec VPN tunnels, etc.

The button Cleanup Objects can be pressed to release any objects that were created by the

SUM the device has formerly been managed with. These objects are normally locked and can only be viewed on the local device. After pressing the button, the objects become fully accessible and can be reused or deleted by a local administrator. In case there are objects which are not in use, they will be deleted directly and are not reusable.

Note – In case former SUM-created objects are cleaned up, they cannot be re-transformed when reconnecting to that same SUM. This means that if the remote SUM still hosts object definitions for a device which later re-establishes a connection to it, those objects will be deployed to the device again—although local copies will then already exist.

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L iv e L o g

You can use the live log to monitor the connection between your Sophos UTM and the SUM.

Click the Open Live Log button to open the live log in a new window.

4.11 Sophos Mobile Control

With Sophos Mobile Control (SMC) you can manage, secure, update, control which apps are allowed to be installed, locate, secure company emails mobile devices like smartphones and tablets with iOS, Android or Windows Phone. The Sophos Mobile Control WebAdmin interface gives you the possibility to define compliant devices and users, set network access control and push the settings to the SMC server

For more information visit the Sophos Mobile Control Website.

SMC Server

SMC runs on a separate server. In the Sophos UTM you can connect to the SMC server to get an overview of the compliant and non-compliant devices and users, define network access for

VPN and wireless networks and push network configurations to the SMC server.

You can run an SMC server in two different ways: l

With an on-premise installation to keep your data in-house on your own server.

Using the SMC as a service version where no hardware is necessary on your part.

Note – To use SMC you need a valid license. After downloading the software from the

Sophos Mobile Control Website , you receive a trial license. You can get a full license from your

Sophos partner.

Find more information about SMC server and licenses in the Sophos Mobile Control Documentation .

SMC Apps

To use SMC on your mobile devices you need to download the SMC app to your smartphone or tablet. You can download the app for free in each app store (Apple iTunes, Google Play or Windows App Store).

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Download SMC app on iTunes for iOS l

Download SMC app on Google Play for Android l

Download SMC app on Windows App Store for Windows Phone

4.11.1 General

The Management > Sophos Mobile Control > General tab allows you to define the Sophos

Mobile Control host and specify customer details and credentials for logging into the SMC

Server. The SMC administrator creates customer accounts and login data.

Note – You cannot create a SMC server on this tab. More information about creating a SMC server can be found in the Sophos Mobile Control Documentation .

Enable Sophos Mobile Control:

Click the toggle switch.

The toggle switch turns amber and the Global Settings area becomes editable.

Make the following settings:

SMC Server: Add or select the server to host SMC.

Customer: Enter the SMC customer.

Username: Enter the SMC username.

Password: Enter the SMC password.

Note – You cannot create a new customer or define a user or password in the Sophos

UTM. New customers can only be created directly in SMC.

CA certificate: Select the Official Web CA or a custom Certificate Authority. On the Site-

to-site VPN > Certificate Management > Certificate Authority tab you can add new Certificate Authorities to the unit.

The Information dialog window opens.

Connection test passed: Connecting to the SMC server was successful.

Connection test failed: Connecting to the SMC server failed.

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Note – If connecting to the SMC server failed, use the Sophos Mobile Control live log to discover the problem.

Optionally, make the following advanced settings:

Enable debug mode: This option controls how much debug output is generated in the

Sophos Mobile Control log. Select this option if you, for example encounter connection problems or need detailed information about the negotiation of client parameters.

Click Apply.

Your settings will be saved.

The toggle switch turns green.

L iv e L o g

The Sophos Mobile Control live log logs all activities on the Sophos Mobile Control interface.

Click the Open Live Log button to open the Sophos Mobile Control live log in a new window.

4.11.2 Compliance Overview

The Management > Sophos Mobile Control > Compliance Overview tab lists all mobile devices which are connected to the Sophos UTM. The SMC server sets specific policies which allow mobile devices or users to connect. If mobile devices or users not comply to the policies they will be listed as non-compliant devices/users on a blacklist. Non-compliant to the policies could be if, for example the device has not the right platform or uses specific apps which are not allowed.

Compliant devices are listed on a whitelist.

Non-compliant devices: MAC addresses of all non-compliant devices which are on the wireless network blacklist.

Compliant devices: MAC addresses of all compliant devices which are on the wireless network whitelist.

Non-compliant users: Non-compliant user names which are on the VPN blacklist.

4.11.3 Network Access Control

The Management > Sophos Mobile Control > Network Access Control tab allows you to set the access settings for the VPN connections and wireless networks. Non-compliant devices will be blocked for the defined VPN or wireless networks.

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Blo c k a c c e s s t o s p e c if ic VPN n e t w o r k s

Define the VPN and wireless networks which will be blocked for users if their mobile devices are not compliant with your company policies.

Enforce for L2TP over IPsec: If selected, non-compliant users cannot connect via

L2TP over IPsec to the Sophos Mobile Control.

Enforce for Cisco™ VPN: If selected, non-compliant users cannot connect via Cisco™

VPN to the Sophos Mobile Control.

Also deny access for other VPN protocols: If selected, non-compliant users cannot connect via other VPN protocols to the Sophos Mobile Control.

Enforce for Wireless Networks: Non-compliant devices connecting over these wireless network(s) to Sophos Mobile Control will be blocked.

Poll compliance status: Enter an interval in minutes (1-60) at which the current compliance status will be polled from the SMC server.

4.11.4 Configuration Settings

The Management > Sophos Mobile Control > Configuration Settings tab allows you to push

VPN and wireless network configurations from the WebAdmin to the SMC server. These configurations define in which way the mobile devices and users connect to the UTM. Configurations are sent from the SMC to the connected mobile devices. VPN and wireless network configuration do not have to be set manually.

C o n f ig u r a t io n Se t t in g s f o r So p h o s Mo b ile C o n t r o l

Define which VPN and wireless network configuration you want to push to the SMC server.

L2TP over IPsec configuration: If selected, the L2TP over IPsec configuration will be pushed to the SMC server.

Cisco™ VPN configuration: If selected, the Cisco™ VPN configuration will be pushed to the SMC server.

Wireless Networks: Select the wireless network(s) you want to push to the SMC server.

EAP methods: Select the EAP method (Extensible Authentication Protocol) you want to use for wireless network enterprise authentication.

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Pu s h C o n f ig u r a t io n

To transfer the current configuration to the SMC server, click the Push Configuration Now button.

Note – Use this function in exceptional cases only, for example when the servers were offline during transmission. Normally, this button does not need to be used to push the configuration.

4.12 High Availability

The main cause for an Internet security system to fail is because of a hardware failure. The ability of any system to continue providing services after a failure is called failover. Sophos UTM provides high availability (HA) failover, allowing you to set up a hot standby system in case the primary system fails (active-passive). Alternatively, you can use Sophos UTM to set up a cluster, which operates by distributing dedicated network traffic to a collection of nodes (active-active) similar to conventional load-balancing approaches in order to get optimal resource utilization and decrease computing time.

Note – If your Sophos UTM runs with Amazon Web Service (AWS), see Management >

HA/Autoscaling

The concepts high availability and cluster as implemented in Sophos UTM are closely related.

For a high availability system can be considered a two-node cluster, which is the minimum requirement to provide redundancy.

Each node within the cluster can assume one of the following roles: l

Master: The primary system in a hot standby/cluster setup. Within a cluster, the master is responsible for synchronizing and distributing of data.

Slave: The standby system in a hot standby/cluster setup which takes over operations if the master fails.

Worker: A simple cluster node, responsible for data processing only.

All nodes monitor themselves by means of a so-called heart-beat signal, a periodically sent multicast UDP packet used to check if the other nodes are still alive. If any node fails to send this packet due to a technical error, the node will be declared dead. Depending on the role the failed node had assumed, the configuration of the setup changes as follows:

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If the master node fails, the slave will take its place and the worker node with the highest

ID will become slave.

If the slave node fails, the worker node with the highest ID will become slave.

If a worker node fails, you may notice a performance decrease due to the lost processing power. However, the failover capability is not impaired.

Note – HA settings are part of the hardware configurations and cannot be saved in a backup.

This also means that HA settings will not be overwritten by a backup restore.

Reporting

All reporting data is consolidated on the master node and is synchronized to the other cluster nodes at intervals of five minutes. In case of a takeover, you will therefore lose not more than five minutes of reporting data. However, there is a distinction in the data collection process. The graphs displayed in the Logging & Reporting > Hardware tabs only represent the data of the node currently being master. On the other hand, accounting information such as shown on the

Logging & Reporting > Network Usage page represents data that was collected by all nodes involved. For example, today's CPU usage histogram shows the current processor utilization of the master node. In the case of a takeover, this would then be the data of the slave node.

However, information about top accounting services, for example, is a collection of data from all nodes that were involved in the distributed processing of traffic that has passed the unit.

Notes

The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is only used by the actual master. That is to say, slave and worker nodes do not send or reply to ARP requests.

In case of a failover event, the unit that takes over operations performs an ARP announcement (also known as gratuitous ARP), which is usually an ARP request intended to update the ARP caches of other hosts which receive the request. Gratuitous ARP is utilized to announce that the IP of the master was moved to the slave.

All interfaces configured on the master must have a physical link, that is, the port must be properly connected to any network device.

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4.12.1 Hardware and Software Requirements

The following hardware and software requirements must be met to provide HA failover or cluster functionality: l

Valid license with the high availability option enabled (for the stand-by unit you only need an additional base license).

Two UTM units with identical software versions and hardware or two UTM appliances of the same model.

Heartbeat-capable Ethernet network cards. Check the HCL to figure out which network cards are supported. The HCL is available at the Sophos Knowledgebase (use "HCL" as search term).

Ethernet crossover cable (for connecting master and slave in a hot standby system).

UTM appliance models 320, 425, and 525, whose dedicated HA interface is a Gigabit auto-MDX device, can be connected through a standard IEEE 802.3 Ethernet cable as the Ethernet port will automatically exchange send/receive pairs.

Network switch (for connecting cluster nodes).

4.12.2 Status

The Management > High Availability > Status tab lists all devices involved in a hot standby system or cluster and provides the following information: l

ID: The device's node ID. In a hot standby system, the node ID is either 1 or 2.

The node ID in a cluster can range from 1-10, as a cluster can have up to a maximum of

10 nodes.

Role: Each node within the cluster can assume one of the following roles: l

MASTER: The primary system in a hot standby/cluster setup. It is responsible for synchronizing and distributing of data within a cluster.

SLAVE: The standby system in a hot standby/cluster setup which takes over operations if the master fails.

WORKER: A simple cluster node, responsible for data processing only.

Device name: The name of the device.

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Status: The state of the device concerning its HA status; can be one of the following: l

ACTIVE: The node is fully operational. In case of a hot standby (active-passive)

setup, this is the status of the active node.

READY: The node is fully operational. In case of a hot standby (active-passive)

setup, this is the status of the passive node.

RESERVED: The node has no matching version and is not involved in the process.

UNLINKED: One ore more interface links are down.

UP2DATE: An Up2Date is in progress.

UP2DATE-FAILED: An Up2Date has failed.

DEAD: The node is not reachable.

SYNCING: Data synchronization is in progress. This status is displayed when a node connects to a master. The initial synchronizing time is at least 5 minutes. It can, however, be lengthened by all synchronizing-related programs. While a

SLAVE is synchronizing and in state SYNCING, there is no graceful takeover, e.g.

due to link failure on master node.

Version: Version number of Sophos UTM Software installed on the system.

Last status change: The time when the last status change occurred.

Reboot/Shutdown: With these buttons, a device can be manually rebooted or shut down.

Remove Node: Use this button to remove a dead cluster node via WebAdmin. All node-specific data like mail quarantine and spool is then taken over by the master.

Click the button Open HA Live Log in the upper right corner to open the high availability live log in a separate window.

4.12.3 System Status

The Management > High Availability > System Status tab lists all devices involved in a hot standby system or cluster and provides information about the resource usage of each device: l

The CPU utilization in percent l

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The swap utilization in percent l

The amount of hard disk space consumed by the log partition in percent l

The amount of hard disk space consumed by the root partition in percent l

The status of the UPS (uninterruptible power supply) module (if available)

4.12.4 Configuration

The high availability functionality of Sophos UTM covers four basic settings: l

Off l

Automatic configuration l

Hot Standby (Active-Passive) l

Cluster (Active-Active)

Automatic configuration: Sophos UTM features a plug-and-play configuration option for

UTM appliances that allows the setup of a hot standby system/cluster without requiring reconfiguration or manual installation of devices to be added to the cluster. Simply connect the dedicated HA interfaces (eth3) of your UTM appliances with one another, select Automatic con-

figuration for all devices, and you are done.

Note – Automatic configuration is only enabled by default on appliances with a fixed eth3 port.

On appliances which only offer modular (removable) FlexiPort modules this feature is disabled by default but can be enabled on any preferred port (Sync NIC) as described further below.

Note – For Automatic configuration to work, all UTM appliances must be of the same model.

For example, you can only use two UTM 320 appliances to set up a HA system; one UTM 220 unit on the one hand and one UTM 320 unit on the other hand cannot be combined.

If you connect two UTM appliances through this dedicated interface, all devices will recognize each other and configure themselves automatically as an HA system—the device with the longer uptime becoming master. If the unlikely case should occur that the uptime is identical, the decision which device is becoming master will be made based on the MAC address.

Using UTM Software, the Automatic Configuration option is to be used on dedicated slave systems to automatically join a master or already configured hot standby system/cluster. For that

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4.12 High Availability reason, Automatic Configuration can be considered a transition mode rather than a high availability operation mode in its own right. For the high availability operation mode will change to Hot

Standby or Cluster as soon as a device with Automatic Configuration selected joins a hot standby system or cluster, respectively. The prerequisite, however, for this feature to work is that the option Enable Automatic Configuration of New Devices is enabled on the master system. This function will make sure that those devices will automatically be added to the hot standby system/cluster whose high availability operation mode is set to Automatic

Configuration.

Hot Standby (active-passive): Sophos UTM features a hot standby high availability concept consisting of two nodes, which is the minimum required to provide redundancy. One of the major improvements introduced in Sophos UTM Software 9 is that the latency for a takeover could be reduced to less than two seconds. In addition to firewall connection synchronization, the gateway also provides IPsec tunnel synchronization. This means that road warriors as well as remote VPN gateways do not need to re-establish IPsec tunnels after the takeover. Also, objects residing in the quarantine are also synchronized and are still available after a takeover.

Cluster (active-active): (Not available with BasicGuard subscription.) To cope with the rising demand of processing large volumes of Internet traffic in real time, Sophos UTM features a clustering functionality that can be employed to distribute processing-intensive tasks such as content filtering, virus scanning, intrusion prevention, or decryption equally among multiple cluster nodes. Without the need of a dedicated hardware-based load balancer, the overall performance of the gateway can be increased considerably.

Note – When configuring a cluster, make sure you have configured the master node first before connecting the remaining units to the switch.

Setting up the master, slaves, or workers is pretty similar. Proceed as follows:

Select a high availability operation mode.

By default, high availability is turned off. The following modes are available: l

Automatic Configuration l

Hot Standby (active-passive) l

Cluster (active-active)

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Note – If you want to change the high availability operation mode, you must always set the mode back to Off before you can change it to either Automatic Configuration, Hot

Standby, or Cluster.

Note – If the license/subscription has expired or is non-existent, the operation mode changing is limited to Off and the current operation mode.

Depending on your selection, one or more options will be displayed.

Make the following settings:

Sync NIC: Select the network interface card through which master and slave systems will communicate. If link aggregation is active you can select here a link aggregation interface, too.

Note – It is recommended to separate the HA synchronization from the other network traffic. For example VLAN.

Note – Only those interfaces are displayed that have not been configured yet. It is possible to change the synchronization interface in a running configuration. Note that afterwards all nodes are going to reboot.

The following options can only be configured if you either select Hot Standby or Cluster as operation mode:

Device name: Enter a descriptive name for this device.

Device node ID: Select the node ID of the device. In a case of a failure of the primary system, the node with the highest ID will become master.

Encryption key: The passphrase with which the communication between master and slave is encrypted (enter the passphrase twice for verification). Maximum key length is 16 characters.

Click Apply.

The high-availability failover is now active on the device.

The gateway in hot standby mode will be updated at regular intervals over the data transfer connection. Should the active primary system encounter an error, the secondary will immediately and automatically change to normal mode and take over the primary system’s functions.

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Note – When you deactivate a hot standby system/cluster, the slave and worker nodes will perform a factory reset and shut down.

More information (especially use cases) can be found in the HA/Cluster Guide, which is available at the Sophos Knowledgebase .

Ad v a n c e d

This section allows you to make some advanced settings.

Enable automatic configuration of new devices: If you have configured a hot standby system/cluster manually, this option will make sure that those devices will automatically be added to the hot standby system/cluster whose high-availability operation mode is set to Automatic con-

figuration. However, this option is of no effect on slave systems, so you can leave it enabled, which is the default setting.

Keep node(s) reserved during Up2Date: If selected, during an update to a new system version, half of the HA/Cluster nodes will keep the current system version. When the new version is stable, you can update the remaining nodes on the Management > High Availability > Status page. In case the new version leads to a failure of all updated nodes, the remaining nodes will build a new HA/Cluster with the old version. You can then install the old version on the failed nodes or wait for the next update.

If Keep Node(s) Reserved During Up2Date is enabled, reserved nodes will not be synchronized anymore after an update, because synchronization is restricted to nodes having the same system version. Instead, the state of the reserved nodes will be preserved. So, if for whatever reason you decide to reactivate the reserved nodes, configuration changes or reporting data coming up in the time span between update start and reactivation will be lost.

Preferred master: Here you can define a designated master node by selecting a node from the drop-down list. In case of a failover, the selected node will not stay in Slave mode after the link recovers but instead will switch back to Master mode.

Backup interface: To prevent that both master and slave become master at the same time

(master-master situations), for example, because of a failure of the HA synchronization interface or an unplugged network cable, a backup heartbeat interface can be selected. This additional heartbeat interface can be any of the configured and active Ethernet interfaces (not Ethernet Bridge or Ethernet VLAN). If a backup interface is selected, an additional heartbeat signal is sent via this interface in one direction from the master to the slave to make sure that the master-slave configuration stays intact. If the master-slave connection is disabled and the backup

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interface becomes involved, the administrator will receive a notification informing that one of the cluster nodes is dead. However, this option is of no effect on slave systems, so you can leave it unconfigured.

Note – In case of a failure of the HA synchronization interface, no configuration is synchronized anymore. The backup interface only prevents master-master situations.

4.13 HA/Autoscaling

The HA/Autoscaling Conversion feature allows you to convert a single UTM instance running on Amazon Web Service (AWS) into a more complex setup that offers high availability (HA) or cluster capabilities. The new setup will be launched in the same Amazon Virtual Private Cloud

(VPC) as your currently running instance and will import the current configuration.

Note – The original instance will not be part of the new setup, it will not be used after the conversion has been completed. You can use the instance otherwise or terminate it by enabling

Terminate this instance after conversion after the pre-check.

HA/Autoscaling requires AWS access keys so that the UTM can communicate with the AWS

APIs. You have received your AWS credentials when you created your Amazon Web Service account. The AWS access keys need to provide full access to EC2, S3, and CloudFormation and are only used during the conversion process. They will not be stored anywhere except on this UTM instance.

Find more information about AWS in the AWS Documentation .

To convert your instance, proceed as follows:

Make the following settings:

AWS access key ID: Enter the AWS access key ID. It is a 20-character alphanumeric sequence.

AWS secret access key: Enter the AWS secret access key. It is a 40-character sequence.

Select Amazon deployment type.

HA (Cold Standby): Starts a single UTM instance and provides an automatic recovery

UTM instance including availability zone failover. The recovery instanced is located in

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4.13 HA/Autoscaling another availability zone and will automatically takeover if the instance in the first availability zone fails.

HA (Warm Standby): Starts two UTM instances. One inactive and one in passive configuration. This provides faster recovery than Cold Standby but is more expensive due to the additional instance running.

Autoscaling: Starts an UTM instance controlling an autoscaling cluster of UTMs. Autoscaling automatically increases the number of UTM instances during peak periods (if necessary) and decreases the number of UTM instances during off-peak times to reduce costs.

Note – Find more information about autoscaling in the Auto Scaling Documentation .

Autoscaling currently only supports the Web Application Firewall feature. You need a minimal request policy in AWS for conversion. For more information see section Min-

imal Request Policy in AWS.

Check for all necessary information.

Click Conversion Pre-Check.

All necessary information will be collected and displayed.

Check the collected information.

Make sure all entries are correct before you start the conversion process.

SSH key name l

Elastic IP l

VPC ID l

Subnets l

Configuration data size l

Size of logfiles l

Size of database

Make the following settings:

Availability zone 1: Select your preferred availability Zone 1.

Availability zone 2: Select your preferred availability Zone 2.

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Note – Availability zone 1 and availability zone 2 cannot be the same. If one availability zone becomes unstable HA/Autoscalling continues on the other availability zone.

Cloud Formation Stack name: Enter a descriptive name for the Cloud Formation

Stack.

Copy logfiles: If enabled, logfiles will be copied into the new cloud formation after the conversion.

Copy database: If enabled, the database will be copied into the new cloud formation after the conversion.

Terminate this instance after conversion: If enabled, your UTM instance will be terminated after the conversion.

Caution– The option Terminate this instance after conversion cannot be undone once the conversion is complete. You cannot enable this feature unless you disable the Termination Protection of this instance.

Click Convert.

The UTM instance will be converted into a new cloud formation. This process can take up to 15 - 20 minutes.

Note – Once the conversion process has started it cannot be stopped from within

WebAdmin.

Minimal Request Policy in AWS

For conversion, you need a minimal request policy in AWS. If you click Copy AIM Policy to clip-

board on the Conversion tab, you can directly copy the policy text into AWS. Alternatively, you can copy the policy text from here:

{

"Version": "2012-10-17",

"Statement": [

{

"Effect": "Allow",

"Action": [

"cloudformation:CreateStack"

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"Resource": "*",

"Condition": {

"ForAllValues:StringLike": {

"cloudformation:TemplateUrl": [

"https://s3.amazonaws.com/sophos-nsg-cf/*"

]

}

{

"Effect": "Allow",

"Action": [

"ec2:Create*",

"ec2:Describe*",

"ec2:AuthorizeSecurityGroup*",

"ec2:AllocateAddress",

"ec2:AssociateRouteTable",

"ec2:ReplaceNetworkAclAssociation",

"ec2:RevokeSecurityGroupEgress",

"ec2:TerminateInstances",

"cloudformation:Describe*",

"cloudwatch:PutMetricAlarm",

"autoscaling:Create*",

"autoscaling:Describe*",

"autoscaling:PutScalingPolicy",

"autoscaling:PutNotificationConfiguration",

"autoscaling:UpdateAutoScalingGroup",

"elasticloadbalancing:CreateLoadBalancer",

"elasticloadbalancing:ModifyLoadBalancerAttributes",

"elasticloadbalancing:SetLoadBalancerPoliciesOfListener",

"elasticloadbalancing:ConfigureHealthCheck",

"iam:CreateRole",

"iam:PutRolePolicy",

"iam:CreateInstanceProfile",

"iam:AddRoleToInstanceProfile",

"iam:PassRole",

"sns:CreateTopic",

"sns:ListTopics",

"sns:Subscribe",

"s3:CreateBucket",

"s3:Get*",

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"s3:Delete*",

"s3:List*",

"s3:PutObject"

"Resource": "*"

{

"Effect": "Allow",

"Action": [

"ec2:Delete*",

"ec2:DisassociateRouteTable",

"ec2:releaseAddress",

"autoscaling:Delete*",

"elasticloadbalancing:DeleteLoadBalancer",

"iam:RemoveRoleFromInstanceProfile",

"iam:Delete*"

"Resource": "*"

4 Management

}

]

}

Note – Find more information about policies in AWS in the Amazon User Guide .

4.14 Shutdown and Restart

On this tab you can manually shut down or restart Sophos UTM.

Shutdown: This action allows you to shut down the system and to stop all services in a proper manner. For systems without a monitor or LCD display, the end of the shutdown process is signaled by an endless series of beeps at intervals of one second.

To shut down Sophos UTM, proceed as follows:

Click Shutdown (Halt) the System Now.

Confirm the warning message.

When asked "Really shut down the system?", click OK.

The system is going down for halt.

Depending on your hardware and configuration, this process may take several minutes to complete. Only after the system has completely shut down you should turn off the power. If you turn

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4.14 Shutdown and Restart off the power without the system being shut down properly, the system will check the consistency of its file system during the next booting, meaning that the boot-up process will take much longer than usual. In the worst case, data may have been lost.

The system will beep five times in a row to indicate a successful system start.

Restart: This action will shut down the system completely and reboot. Depending on your hardware and configuration, a complete restart can take several minutes.

To restart Sophos UTM, proceed as follows:

Click Restart (Reboot) the System Now.

Confirm the warning message.

When asked "Really restart the system?", click OK.

The system is going down for halt and reboot.

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5 Definitions & Users

This chapter describes how to configure network, service, and time period definitions used throughout Sophos UTM. The Definitions Overview page in WebAdmin shows the number of network definitions according to type as well as the numbers of service definitions according to protocol type.

The pages of the Definitions & Users menu allow you to define networks and services that can be used in all other configuration menus in one central place. This allows you to work with the names you define rather than struggling with IP addresses, ports, and network masks. Another benefit of definitions is that you can group individual networks and services together and configure them all at once. If, for example, you assign certain settings to these groups at a later time, these settings will apply to all networks and services within this group.

Additionally, this chapter describes how to configure user accounts, user groups, and external authentication servers of Sophos UTM as well as authentication for client PCs.

The following topics are included in this chapter: l

Network Definitions

Service Definitions

Time Period Definitions

Users & Groups

Client Authentication

Authentication Services

5.1 Network Definitions

The Definitions & Users > Network Definitions menu lets you create hosts, networks, and network groups as well as MAC address definitions. The definitions created here can be used in many other WebAdmin configurations.

5.1.1 Network Definitions

The Definitions & Users > Network Definitions > Network Definitions tab is the central place for defining hosts, networks, and network groups on UTM. The definitions created here can be

5.1 Network Definitions

5 Definitions & Users

used on many other WebAdmin configuration menus.

Opening the tab, by default, all network definitions are displayed. Using the drop-down list on top of the list, you can choose to display network definitions with certain properties.

Tip – When you click on the Info icon of a network definition in the Network Definitions list, you can see all configuration options in which the network definition is used.

The network table also contains static networks, which were automatically created by the system and which can neither be edited nor deleted: l

Internal (Address): A definition of this type will be added for each network interface. It contains the current IP address of the interface. Its name consists of the interface name with "(Address)" appended to it.

Internal (Broadcast): A definition of this type will be added for each Ethernet-type network interface. It contains the current IPv4 broadcast address of the interface. Its name consists of the interface name with "(Broadcast)" appended to it.

Internal (Network): A definition of this type will be added for each Ethernet-type network interface. It contains the current IPv4 network of the interface. Its name consists of the interface name with "(Network)" appended to it.

Any (IPv4/IPv6): A network definition (for IPv4 and IPv6 each, if IPv6 is enabled) bound to the interface which serves as default gateway. Making use of it in your configuration should make the configuration process easier. With uplink balancing enabled, the definition Internet is bound to Uplink Interfaces.

Note – IPv6 entries are only visible if it is activated in Interfaces & Routing > IPv6.

Note – User network objects authenticated via client authentication will always be shown as unresolved due to performance reasons.

To create a network definition, proceed as follows:

On the Network Definitions tab, click New Network Definition.

The Add Network Definition dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

(Note that further parameters of the network definition will be displayed depending on the selected definition type.)

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Name: Enter a descriptive name for this definition.

Type: Select the network definition type. The following types are available: l

Host: A single IP address. Provide the following information: l

IPv4 address/IPv6 address: The IP address of the host (note that you cannot enter the IP address of a configured interface).

DHCP Settings (optional): In this section you can create static mappings between hosts and IP address. For that purpose, you need a configured

DHCP server (see Network Services > DHCP > Servers).

Note – To avoid an IP address clash between regularly assigned addresses from the DHCP pool and those statically mapped make sure that the latter are not in the scope of the DHCP pool. For example, a static mapping of 192.168.0.200 could result in two systems receiving the same IP address if the DHCP pool is 192.168.0.100 – 192.168.0.210.

IPv4 DHCP: Select the IPv4 DHCP server to be used for static mapping.

MAC addresses: Enter the MAC addresses of the hosts' network interface cards. The MAC addresses are usually specified in a format consisting of six groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated by colons or hyphens (e.g.,

00:04:76:16:EA:62

Note – The MAC address range 00:1a:8c:f0.xx.xx is used by HA/Cluster.

You cannot use this range for other purpose as MAC addresses within this range will be overwritten by the system.

IPv6 DHCP: Select the IPv6 DHCP server to be used for static mapping.

DHCP unique IDs: Enter the DUIDs of the hosts. With e.g. Windows operating systems, the DUID can be found in the Windows Registry: HKEY_

LOCAL_

MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\TCPIP6\Paramete rs

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Please note that you have to enter the groups of two hexadecimal digits separated by colons (e.g.,

00:01:00:01:13:30:65:56:00:50:56:b2:07:51

DNS Settings (optional): If you do not want to set up your own DNS server but need static DNS mappings for a few hosts of your network, you can enter these mappings in this section of the respective hosts. Note that this only scales for a limited number of hosts and is by no means intended as a replacement of a fully operable DNS server.

Hostname: Enter the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the host.

Reverse DNS: Select the checkbox to enable the mapping of the host's IP address to its name. Note that although several names can map to the same IP address, one IP address can only ever map to one name.

Additional Hostnames: Click the Plus icon to add additional hostnames for the host.

DNS host: A DNS hostname, dynamically resolved by the system to produce an

IP address. DNS hosts are useful when working with dynamic IP endpoints. The system will re-resolve these definitions periodically according to the TTL (Time To

Live) values and update the definition with the new IP address (if any). Provide the following information: l

Hostname: The hostname you want to resolve.

DNS group: Similar to DNS host, but can cope with multiple RRs (Resource

Records) in DNS for a single hostname. It is useful for defining firewall rules and exceptions in transparent proxies.

Network: A standard IP network, consisting of a network address and a netmask.

Provide the following information: l

IPv4 address/IPv6 address: The network address of the network (note that you cannot enter the IP address of a configured interface).

Netmask: The bit mask used to tell how many bits in an octet(s) identify the subnetwork, and how many bits provide room for host addresses.

Range: Select to define a whole IPv4 address range. Provide the following information:

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IPv4 from: First IPv4 address of the range.

IPv4 to: Last IPv4 address of the range.

IPv6 from: First IPv6 address of the range.

IPv6 to: Last IPv6 address of the range.

Network range objects cannot be used with every network configuration throughout WebAdmin. For more information about network range objects, see section

Where Network Range Objects Can Be Used.

Multicast group: A network that comprises a defined multicast network range.

IPv4 address: The network address of the multicast network, which must be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.

Netmask: The bit mask used to tell how many bits in an octet(s) identify the subnetwork, and how many bits provide room for host addresses.

Network group: A container that includes a list of other network definitions. You can use them to bundle networks and hosts for better readability of your configuration. Once you have selected Network group, the Members box appears where you can add the group members.

Availability group: A group of hosts and/or DNS hosts sorted by priority. Alive status of all hosts is checked with ICMP pings at an interval of 60 seconds, by default. The host with the highest priority and an alive status is used in configuration. Once you have selected Availability group, the Members box appears where you can add the group members.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Optionally, make the following advanced settings:

The options displayed depend on the selected Type above.

Interface (optional): You can bind the network definition to a certain interface, so that connections to the definition will only be established via this interface.

Caution – Be careful with binding network definitions to particular interfaces, as this might lead to conflicts with other configurations. Data packets sent through these particular interfaces could get lost and this would be hard to detect.

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Monitoring type (only with type Availability group): Select the service protocol for the alive status checks. Select either TCP (TCP connection establishment), UDP (UDP connection establishment), Ping (ICMP Ping), HTTP host (HTTP requests), or HTTPS

hosts (HTTPS requests) for monitoring. When using UDP a ping request will be sent initially which, if successful, is followed by a UDP packet with a payload of 0. If ping does not succeed or the ICMP port is unreachable, the host is regarded as down.

Port (only with monitoring type TCP or UDP): Number of the port the request will be sent to.

URL (optional, only with monitoring types HTTP host or HTTPS host): URL to be requested. You can use other ports than the default ports 80 or 443 by adding the port information to the URL, e.g., http://example.domain:8080/index.html

. If no URL is entered, the root directory will be requested.

Interval: Enter a time interval in seconds at which the hosts are checked.

Timeout: Enter a maximum time span in seconds for the hosts to send a response. If a host does not respond during this time, it will be regarded as dead.

Always resolved: This option is selected by default, so that if all hosts are unavailable, the group will resolve to the host which was last available. Otherwise the group will be set to unresolved if all hosts are dead.

Click Save.

The new definition appears on the network definition list.

To either edit or delete a network definition, click the corresponding buttons.

Where Network Range Objects Can Be Used

Network range objects can be used in the following configurations: l

Management > System Settings > Shell Access, section Allowed Networks l

Management > WebAdmin Settings > General, section WebAdmin Access

Configuration, Allowed Networks box l

Management > SNMP > Query, section SNMP Access Control, Allowed Networks box l

Interfaces & Routing > Quality of Service (QoS) > Traffic Selectors, section Add Traffic

Selector, Source and Destination field l

Network Services > DNS > Global, section Allowed Networks

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5.1 Network Definitions l

Network Services > NTP, section NTP Options, Allowed Networks box l

Network Protection > Firewall > Rules, section Add Rule, Source and Destination box l

Network Protection > Firewall > Country Blocking Exceptions, section Add Exception List,

Host/Networks box l

Network Protection > NAT > Masquerading, section Add Masquerading Rule, Network field l

Network Protection > NAT > NAT, section Add NAT Rule, For Traffic from and Going to field l

Network Protection > Advanced > SOCKS Proxy, section SOCKS Proxy Options,

Allowed Networks box l

Web Protection > Filtering Options > Misc, section Transparent Mode Skiplist, Skip Trans-

parent Mode Source Hosts/Nets and Skip Transparent Mode Destination Hosts/Nets box l

Web Protection > FTP > Global, section FTP Settings, Allowed Networks box l

Email Protection > SMTP > Relaying, section Host-Based Relay, Allowed Host-

s/Networks box l

Email Protection > SMTP > Advanced, section Transparent Mode, Skip Transparent

Mode Hosts/Nets box l

Wireless Protection > Hotspots > Advanced, section Walled Garden, Allowed Host-

s/Networks box

5.1.2 MAC Address Definitions

The Definitions & Users > Network Definitions > MAC Address Definitions tab is the central place for defining MAC address definitions, i.e., lists of MAC addresses. A MAC address definition can be used like a network definition. Additionally it can be used to further restrict a rule based on hosts/IP addresses to only match devices which have one of the defined MAC addresses.

Tip – When you click on the Info icon of a MAC address definition, you can see all configuration options in which the definition is used.

To create a MAC address definition, proceed as follows:

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On the MAC Address Definitions tab, click New MAC Address List.

The Add MAC Address List dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for this definition.

MAC Addresses: Click the Plus icon to enter individual MAC addresses subsequently or use the Action icon to import a list of MAC addresses via copy and paste. The MAC addresses are usually specified in a format consisting of six groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated by colons or hyphens (e.g., 00:04:76:16:EA:62).

Note – The MAC address range 00:1a:8c:f0.xx.xx is used by HA/Cluster. You cannot use this range for other purpose as MAC addresses within this range will be overwritten by the system.

Hosts: Add or select the hosts whose MAC addresses you want to add to the MAC address definition. The MAC addresses defined in the DHCP Settings section of the host definition will be added to the MAC address list. How to add a definition is explained on the Definitions & Users > Network Definitions > Network Definitions page.

Note – The number of addresses per address definition is limited for the following uses: To restrict access to a wireless network,it is not recommended to have more than

5000. To restrict access to a RED appliance, the maximum is 200 for RED 10 and 400 for RED 50.

Note – You can either enter MAC addresses or hosts or both.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Click Save.

The new definition appears on the MAC Address Definition list.

To either edit or delete a MAC address definition, click the corresponding buttons.

5.2 Service Definitions

On the Definitions & Users > Service Definitions page you can centrally define and manage services and service groups. Services are definitions of certain types of network traffic and combine

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5.2 Service Definitions information about a protocol such as TCP or UDP as well as protocol-related options such as port numbers. You can use services to determine the types of traffic accepted or denied by

UTM.

Tip – When you click on the Info icon of a service definition in the Service Definitions list, you can see all configuration options in which the service definition is used.

To create a service definition, proceed as follows:

On the Service Definitions page, click New Service Definition.

The Add Service Definition dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

(Note that further parameters of the service definition will be displayed depending on the selected definition type.)

Name: Enter a descriptive name for this definition.

Type of definition: Select the definition type. The following types are available: l

TCP: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connections use port numbers ranging from 0 to 65535. Lost packets can be recognized through TCP and be requested again. In a TCP connection, the receiver notifies the sender when a data packet was successfully received (connection related protocol). TCP sessions begin with a three way handshake and connections are closed at the end of the session. Provide the following information: l

Destination port: Enter the destination port either as single port number

(e.g., 80) or as a range (e.g., 1024:64000), using a colon as delimiter.

Source port: Enter the source port either as single port number (e.g., 80) or as a range (e.g., 1024:64000), using a colon as delimiter.

UDP: The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) uses port numbers between 0 and

65535 and is a stateless protocol. Because it does not keep state, UDP is faster than TCP, especially when sending small amounts of data. This statelessness, however, also means that UDP cannot recognize when packets are lost or dropped. The receiving computer does not signal the sender when receiving a data packet. When you have selected UDP, the same configuration options can be edited as for TCP.

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TCP/UDP: A combination of TCP and UDP appropriate for application protocols that use both sub protocols such as DNS. When you have selected TCP/UDP, the same configuration options can be edited as for TCP or UDP.

ICMP/ICMPv6: The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is chiefly used to send error messages, indicating, for example, that a requested service is not available or that a host or router could not be reached. Once you have opted for ICMP or ICMPv6, select the ICMP code/type. Note that IPv4 firewall rules do not work with ICMPv6 and IPv6 firewall rules do not work with ICMP.

IP: The Internet Protocol (IP) is a network and transport protocol used for exchanging data over the Internet. Once you have selected IP, provide the number of the protocol to be encapsulated within IP, for example 121 (representing the SMP protocol).

ESP: The Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) is a part of the IPsec tunneling protocol suite that provides encryption services for tunneled data via VPN. Once you have selected ESP or AH, provide the Security Parameters Index (SPI), which identifies the security parameters in combination with the IP address. You can either enter a value between 256 and 4,294,967,296 or keep the default setting given as the range from 256 to 4,294,967,296 (using a colon as delimiter), especially when using automatic IPsec key exchange. Note that the numbers 1-255 are reserved by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).

AH: The Authentication Header (AH) is a part of the IPsec tunneling protocol suite and sits between the IP header and datagram payload to maintain information integrity, but not secrecy.

Group: A container that includes a list of other service definitions. You can use them to bundle service definitions for better readability of your configuration. Once you have selected Group, the Members box opens where you can add group members (i.e., other service definitions).

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Click Save.

The new definition appears on the Service Definitions list.

To either edit or delete a definition, click the corresponding buttons.

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5.3 Time Period Definitions

Note – The type of definition cannot be changed afterwards. If you want to change the type of definition, you must delete the service definition and create a new one with the desired settings.

5.3 Time Period Definitions

On the Definitions & Users > Time Period Definitions page you can define single or recurring time slots that can in turn be used to limit for example firewall rules or content filter profile assignments to specific time ranges.

Tip – When you click on the Info icon of a time period definition in the Time Period Definitions list, you can see all configuration options in which the time period definition is used.

To create a time period definition, proceed as follows:

On the Time Period Definitions tab, click New Time Period Definition.

The Add Time Period Definition dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for this time period definition.

Type: Select the time period definition type. The following types are available: l

Recurring event: These events will be repeated periodically. You can select the start time, the end time, and the weekdays on which the time period definition should be applied. If the time span extends into the next day, the selected weekdays refer to the start time. Start and stop dates cannot be selected for this type.

Single event: These events will only take place once. You can both select a start date/time and an end date/time. As these definitions do not recur, the option Week-

days cannot be selected for this type.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Click Save.

The new time period definition appears on the Time Period Definitions list.

To either edit or delete a time period definition, click the corresponding buttons.

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5.4 Users & Groups

The Definitions & Users > Users & Groups menu lets you create users and groups for

WebAdmin access as well as for remote access, User Portal access, email usage etc.

5.4.1 Users

On the Definitions & Users > Users & Groups > Users tab you can add user accounts to UTM. In its factory default configuration, Sophos UTM has one administrator called admin.

Tip – When you click on the Info icon of a user definition in the Users list, you can see all configuration options in which the user definition is used.

When you specify an email address in the New User dialog box, an X.509 certificate for this user will be generated simultaneously while creating the user definition, using the email address as the certificate's VPNID. On the other hand, if no email address is specified, a certificate will be created with the user's Distinguished Name (DN) as VPN ID. That way, if a user is authenticated by means of a backend group such as eDirectory, a certificate will be created even if no email address is set in the corresponding backend user object.

Because the VPN ID of each certificate must be unique, each user definition must have a different and unique email address. Creating a user definition with an email address already present in the system will fail. The certificates can be used for various

remote access

methods supported by Sophos UTM with the exception of PPTP, L2TP over IPsec using PSK, and native

IPsec using RSA or PSK.

To add a user account, proceed as follows:

On the Users tab, click New User.

The Add User dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Username: Enter a descriptive name for this user (e.g. jdoe). Note that for using remote access via PPTP or L2TP over IPsec, the username may only contain ASCII printable characters

1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#ASCII_printable_characters

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Real name: Enter the user's real name (e.g. John Doe).

Email address: Enter the user's primary email address.

Additional email addresses (optional): Enter additional email addresses of this user.

Spam emails sent to any of these addresses will be listed in an Quarantine Report, which will be send to the primary email address specified above.

Authentication: Select the authentication method. The following methods are available: l

Local: Select to authenticate the user locally on UTM.

Remote: Select to authenticate the user using one of the external authentication methods supported by Sophos UTM. For more information, see Definitions &

Users > Authentication Services.

None: Select to prevent the user from authentication completely. This is useful, for example, to disable a user temporarily without the need to delete the user definition altogether.

Password: Enter a user password (second time for verification). Only available if you selected Local as authentication method. Note that Basic User Authentication does not support umlauts. Note that for using remote access via PPTP or L2TP over IPsec, the password may only contain ASCII printable characters

Backend sync: Some basic settings of the user definition such as the real name or the user's email address can be updated automatically by synchronizing the data with external backend authentication servers (only available if you selected Remote as authentication method). Note that the option will automatically be set according to the Enable

Backend Sync on Login option on the Authentication Services > Advanced tab, if the user is selected for prefetching.

Note – Currently, only data with Active Directory and eDirectory servers can be synchronized.

X.509 certificate: Once the user definition has been created, you can assign an X.509

certificate for this user when editing the user definition. By default, this is the certificate that was automatically generated upon creating the user definition. However, you can

1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#ASCII_printable_characters

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also assign a third-party certificate, which you can upload on the Remote Access > Cer-

tificate Management >

Certificates

tab.

Use static remote access IP (optional): Select if you want to assign a static IP address for a user gaining remote access instead of assigning a dynamic IP address from an IP address pool. For IPsec users behind a NAT router, for example, it is mandatory to use a static remote access IP address.

Note – The static remote access IP can only be used for remote access through PPTP,

L2TP, and IPsec. It cannot be used, however, for remote access through SSL.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Optionally, make the following advanced settings:

Users can create and maintain their own email whitelist and blacklist (see chapter

User

Portal

). You can view those lists here and, if necessary, modify them.

Click Save.

The new user account appears on the Users list.

If you want to make this user a regular administrator having access to the web-based administrative interface WebAdmin, add the user to the group of SuperAdmins, which is configured on the Definitions & Users > Users & Groups >

Groups

tab in WebAdmin.

Note – If you have deleted a user object and want to create a user object with the same name, make sure you have also deleted the certificate associated with this user on the

Remote Access > Certificate Management >

Certificates

tab. Otherwise you will get an error message stating that an item with that name already exists.

You can download remote access certificates and/or configurations of users for whom some sort of remote access has been enabled. For that, select the checkbox in front of the respective users and select the desired option from the Actions drop-down list in the list header. Remote access users can also download those files themselves when they are allowed to use the User

Portal.

5.4.2 Groups

On the Definitions & Users > Users & Groups > Groups page you can add user groups to UTM.

In its factory default configuration, Sophos UTM has one user group called SuperAdmins. If you

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5.4 Users & Groups want to assign administrative privileges to users, that is, granting access to WebAdmin, add them to the group of SuperAdmins; this group should not be deleted.

Tip – When you click on a group definition in the Groups list, you can see all configuration options in which the group definition is used.

To add a user group, proceed as follows:

On the Groups tab, click New Group.

The Add Group dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Group name: Enter a descriptive name for this group. Note that this name does not need to correspond to the names of your backend groups.

Group type: Select the type of the group. You can choose between a group of static members and two group types promoting dynamic membership.

Static members: Select the local users who shall become member of this group.

IPsec X509 DN mask: Users are dynamically added to an IPsec X509 DN group definition if they have successfully logged in to the gateway through an IPsec connection and if specific parameters of their distinguished names match the values specified in the DN Mask box.

Backend membership: Users are dynamically added to a group definition if they have been successfully authenticated by one of the supported authentication mechanisms. To proceed, select the appropriate backend authentication type: l

Active Directory: An Active Directory user group of UTM provides group memberships to members of Active Directory server user groups configured on a Windows network. For more information, see Definitions &

Users > Authentication Services >

Servers

eDirectory: An eDirectory user group of UTM provides group memberships to members of eDirectory user groups configured on an eDirectory network. For more information, see Definitions & Users >

Authentication Services >

Servers

RADIUS: Users are automatically added to a RADIUS backend group when they have been successfully authenticated using the RADIUS authentication method.

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TACACS+: Users are automatically added to a TACACS+ backend group when they have been successfully authenticated using the TACACS+ authentication method.

LDAP: Users are automatically added to an LDAP backend group when they have been successfully authenticated using the LDAP authentication method.

Limit to backend group(s) membership (optional; only with backend groups

Active Directory or eDirectory): For all X.500-based directory services you can restrict the membership to various groups present on your backend server if you do not want all users of the selected backend server to be included in this group definition. The group(s) you enter here once selected this option must match a

Common Name as configured on your backend server. Note that if you select this option for an Active Directory backend, you can omit the CN= prefix. If you select this option for an eDirectory backend, you can use the eDirectory browser that lets you conveniently select the eDirectory groups that should be included in this group definition. However, if you do not use the eDirectory browser, make sure to include the CN= prefix when entering eDirectory containers.

Check an LDAP attribute (optional; only with backend group LDAP): If you do not want all users of the selected backend LDAP server to be included in this group definition, you can select this checkbox to restrict the membership to those users matching a certain LDAP attribute present on your backend server. This attribute is then used as an LDAP search filter. For example, you could enter groupMembership as attribute with CN=Sales,O=Example as its value. That way you could include all users belonging to the sales department of your company into the group definition.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Click Save.

The new user group appears on the Groups list.

To either edit or delete a group, click the corresponding buttons.

5.5 Client Authentication

Sophos provides an authentication client for Windows and Mac OS so that users directly authenticate at the UTM. This gives you user-based control on web surfing and network traffic by, for

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5.5 Client Authentication example, creating firewall rules based on user networks or group networks. Additionally, wherever possible, IP addresses, hostnames, and the like are replaced by usernames to provide a better readability of reporting data and objects.

Note – In WebAdmin, user network objects authenticated via client authentication will always be shown as unresolved due to performance reasons.

This page shows the Transparent Client Authentication status, online users connected and enables administrators to configure Client Authentication and the Sophos Transparent

Authentication Suite.

5.5.1 Global

The Client Authentication > Global tab gives an overview of all online users that have been configured for Sophos Transparent Authentication Suite (STAS).

Once STAS is configured each logon to a Windows workstation is reflected by UTM and is displayed as Online User record with username, real name, and IP address. After logout from the workstation, the respective entry is deleted from the display after a maximum of 20 minutes.

This status display applies only for Sophos Transparent Authentication Suite, there is no status display for Client Authentication.

5.5.2 Client Authentication

Users who want or should use Client Authentication need to install the Sophos Authentication

Agent (SAA) on their client PC or Mac OS computer. The SAA can be downloaded either via this WebAdmin page or via the User Portal. Note that only users who are within the user group of the Client Authentication configuration will find a download link on their User Portal page.

To configure Client Authentication, do the following:

On the Client Authentication tab, enable client authentication.

Click the toggle switch.

The toggle switch turns green and the Client Authentication Options area becomes editable.

Select the allowed networks.

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Add or select the networks that should use Client Authentication. Note that those networks need to be directly connected to the UTM for Client Authentication to work. How to add a definition is explained on the Definitions & Users > Network Definitions > Network

Definitions page.

Select the allowed users and groups.

Select single users or groups or add new users into the Allowed Users and Groups box.

This can be also your already existing authentication group, e.g. an Active Directory user group. How to add a user is explained on the Definitions & Users > Users & Groups >

Users page.

Click Apply.

Your settings will be saved.

Client Authentication is now available for the selected networks.

C lie n t Au t h e n t ic a t io n Pr o g r a m

When Client Authentication is enabled, you can download the Sophos Authentication Agent

(SAA) here. You can either distribute the SAA manually or have your users download the client from the User Portal.

Download EXE: Downloads the Client Authentication program including the CA certificate for direct installation on client PCs. This is the same file as can be downloaded from the User Portal.

Download MSI: Downloads the Client Authentication MSI package. This package is designed for automatic package installation via domain controller (DC) and does not contain the CA certificate.

Download DMG: Downloads the Client Authentication Mac OS X disk image. This image is designed for installation on client computers having an OS X operating system.

Download CA: Downloads the CA certificate that has to be rolled out in addition to the

MSI package.

The SAA can be used as authentication mode for the Web Filter. For more information see chapter Web Protection > Web Filtering > Global.

5.5.3 Sophos Transparent Authentication Suite

Sophos Transparent Authentication Suite (STAS) enables transparent authentication whereby

Microsoft Windows credentials can be used to authenticate. The user has to login only once to access the network resources. A client installation on the user's machine is not required.

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5.6 Authentication Services

The Sophos Transparent Authentication Suite program can be fetched from the UTM Support

Downloads page in section Sophos Transparent Authentication Suite (STAS). There, you can also download the Sophos Transparent Authentication installation guide.

To configure Sophos Transparent Authentication Suite, do the following:

On the Sophos Transparent Authentication Suite tab, enable transparent Client Authentication.

Click the toggle switch.

Note – If you do not have an Active Directory server configured, a pop-up window appears to inform you that STAS needs an Active Directory server. You can add an Active Directory server under Definitions & Users > Authentication Services > Servers >Act-

ive Directory.

Click New STAS Collector.

The Add STAS Collectors dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for the STAS collector.

Host: Select a host from the list or add a new one. For each new host you must specifiy an IP address.

Port: Select a special port or choose the default port (STAS Collector).

Comment: Enter a comment if desired.

Click Save.

Your settings will be saved.

Global tab.

Disabling or removing the Active Directory will lead to a warning message and disable the

STAS feature.

5.6 Authentication Services

On the Definitions & Users > Authentication Services page databases and backend servers of external user authentication services like

Single Sign-On

One-time Password

can be managed. External user authentication allows you to validate user accounts against existing user

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databases or directory services on other servers of your network. Authentication services currently supported are: l

Novell's eDirectory l

Microsoft's Active Directory l

RADIUS l

TACACS+ l

LDAP

5.6.1 Global Settings

The Definitions & Users > Authentication Services > Global Settings tab lets you configure basic authentication options. The following options are available:

Create users automatically: When this option is selected, Sophos UTM will automatically create a user object whenever an unknown user of a configured backend group successfully authenticates against one of the various authentication services supported by Sophos UTM.

For example, if you configure a RADIUS backend group and you add this group as a member to one of the roles defined on the Management > WebAdmin Settings >

Access Control

tab,

Sophos UTM will automatically create a user definition for a RADIUS user who has successfully logged in to WebAdmin.

Automatic User Creation for Facilities: Automatic user creation can be enabled or disabled for specific services. Users are only created for enabled services. This option is not available—and automatic user creation is disabled for all facilities—when the Create

users automatically option is not selected.

Note – This feature does not work for Active Directory Single Sign-On (SSO).

Those user objects are also needed to grant access to the

User Portal

of Sophos UTM. In addition, for all user objects created automatically an X.509 certificate will be generated. Note, however, that automatic user creation will fail in case of an email address conflict, for the user definition to be created automatically must not have configured an email address that is already present on the system. All email addresses must be unique within the system because they are used as identifiers for X.509 certificates.

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Important Note – Authentication (i.e., the action of determining who a user is) and authorization (i.e., the action of determining what a user is allowed to do) for a user whose user object was created automatically are always done on the remote backend server/directory service. Therefore, automatically created user objects in Sophos UTM are useless if the corresponding backend server is not available or if the user object has been deleted on the remote site.

Note also that except for Active Directory Single Sign-On (SSO) Sophos UTM caches user authentication data it has retrieved from a remote authentication server for 300 seconds. For this reason, changes made to the remote user settings will only take effect after the cache has expired.

Au t h e n t ic a t io n C a c h e

Every time Sophos UTM gets a user request, e.g., http, from a yet unknown user and authentication is required, the Sophos User Authentication (SUA) writes an entry to the authentication cache. Over time, in environments with frequently changing users it can be reasonable to empty the cache from time to time. Also, if you want to force an immediate new authentication for all users. Use the button Flush Authentication Cache to empty the authentication cache.

An authentication is valid for 300 seconds. During this time, other authentication requests by the same user are looked up directly in the cache. This technique takes load off backend authentication services like eDirectory.

Note – Flushing the cache does not affect users that are remotely logged on.

L iv e L o g

Open Live Log: Click the button to see the log of the Sophos User Authentication (SUA) in a new window.

5.6.2 Servers

On the Definitions & Users > Authentication Services > Servers tab, you can create one or more authentication servers. Follow the links to create them: l

eDirectory

Active Directory

LDAP

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RADIUS

TACACS+

5.6.2.1 eDirectory

Novell eDirectory is an X.500 compatible directory service for centrally managing access to resources on multiple servers and computers within a given network. eDirectory is a hierarchical, object-oriented database that represents all the assets in an organization in a logical tree. Those assets can include people, servers, workstations, applications, printers, services, groups, and so on.

To configure eDirectory authentication, proceed as follows:

On the Servers tab, click New Authentication Server.

The dialog box Add Authentication Server opens.

Make the following settings:

Backend: Select eDirectory as backend directory service.

Position: Select a position for the backend server. Backend servers with lower numbers will be queried first. For better performance, make sure that the backend server that is likely to get the most requests is on top of the list.

Server: Select or add an eDirectory server. How to add a definition is explained on the

Definitions & Users > Network Definitions > Network Definitions page.

SSL: Select this option to enable SSL data transfer. The Port will then change from 389

(LDAP) to 636 (ldaps = LDAP over SSL).

Port: Enter the port of the eDirectory server. By default, this is port 389.

Bind DN: The Distinguished Name (DN) of the user to bind to the server with. This user is needed if anonymous queries to the eDirectory server are not allowed. Note that the user must have sufficient privileges to obtain all relevant user object information from the eDirectory server in order to authenticate users. eDirectory users, groups, and containers can be specified by the full distinguished name in LDAP notation, using commas as delimiters (e.g., CN=administrator,DC=intranet,DC=example,DC=com).

Password: Enter the password of the bind user.

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Test server settings: Pressing the Test button performs a bind test with the configured server. This verifies that the settings on this tab are correct, and the server is up and accepts connections.

Base DN: The starting point relative to the root of the LDAP tree where the users are included who are to be authenticated. Note that the base DN must be specified by the full distinguished name (FDN) in LDAP notation, using commas as delimiters (e.g.,

O=Example,OU=RnD

). Base DN may be empty. In this case, the base DN is automatically retrieved from the directory.

Username: Enter the username of a test user to perform a regular authentication.

Password: Enter the password of the test user.

Authenticate example user: Click the Test button to start the authentication test for the test user. This verifies that all server settings are correct, the server is up and accepting connections, and users can be successfully authenticated.

Click Save.

The server will be displayed in the Servers list.

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Figure 17 Groups: eDirectory Browser of Sophos UTM

5.6.2.2 Active Directory

Active Directory (AD) is Microsoft's implementation of a directory service and is a central component of Windows 2000/2003 servers. It stores information about a broad range of resources residing on a network, including users, groups, computers, printers, applications, services, and any type of user-defined objects. As such it provides a means of centrally organizing, managing, and controlling access to these resources.

Note – UTM supports Active Directory 2003 and newer.

The Active Directory authentication method allows you to register Sophos UTM at a Windows domain, thus creating an object for Sophos UTM on the primary domain controller (DC). UTM is then able to query user and group information from the domain.

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Note – The default group Domain User, which is automatically created by the AD, cannot be used for reverse authentication as this is denied by the UTM. The default group Domain User is not returned by the AD in the memberOf attribute. If your want to use AD groups for reverse authentication, create new groups in AD. Manual created groups are returned by the AD in the memberOf attribute.

To configure Active Directory authentication, proceed as follows:

On the Servers tab, click New Authentication Server.

The dialog box Add Authentication Server opens.

Make the following settings:

Backend: Select Active Directory as backend directory service.

Server: Select or add an Active Directory server. How to add a definition is explained on the Definitions & Users > Network Definitions > Network Definitions page.

SSL: Select this option to enable SSL data transfer. The Port will then change from 389

(LDAP) to 636 (ldaps = LDAP over SSL).

Port: Enter the port of the Active Directory server. By default, this is port 389.

Bind DN: The full Distinguished Name (DN) of the user to bind to the server in LDAP notation. This user is needed if anonymous queries to the Active Directory server are not allowed. The bind user must have sufficient privileges to obtain all relevant user object information from the Active Directory server in order to authenticate users; a requirement usually met by the administrator of the domain.

Each DN consists of one or more Relative Distinguished Names (RDN) constructed from some attributes of the Active Directory user object and includes its username, the node where it resides, and the top-level DN of the server, all specified in LDAP notation and separated by commas.

The username must be the name of the user who is able to access the directory and is to be specified by the CN designator (e.g., CN=user). While using a popular account with domain permissions, such as "admin" is possible, it is highly recommended for best practices that the user not have admin rights, as it is sufficient for

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them to have read permission on all objects of the subtree starting at the given base DN.

The information of the node where the user object resides must include all subnodes between the root node and the user object and is usually comprised of socalled organizational units and common name components. Organizational units

(indicated by the combined folder/book icon in the Microsoft Management Console) are to be specified by the OU designator. Note that the order of the nodes is from the lowest to the highest node, that is, the more specific elements come first

(e.g., OU=Management_US,OU=Management). On the other hand, default Active

Directory containers (indicated by a simple Folder icon) such as the pre-defined

Users node are to be specified using the CN designator (e.g., CN=Users).

The top-level DN of the server can consist of several domain components, each specified by the DC designator. Note that the domain components are given in the same order as the domain name (for example, if the domain name is example.com

, the DN part would be DC=example,DC=com).

An example bind user DN for a user named administrator whose object is stored in the Users container in a domain called example.com would look like this:

CN=administrator,CN=Users,DC=example,DC=com

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Figure 18 Authentication: Microsoft Management Console

Now, suppose you create an organizational unit called Management with the subnode

Management_US and move the administrator user object into it, the DN of the administrator would change to: CN=administrator,OU=Management_

Password: Enter the password of the bind user.

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O=Example,OU=RnD

). Base DN may be empty. In this case, the base DN is automatically retrieved from the directory.

Username: Enter the username of a test user to perform a regular authentication.

Password: Enter the password of the test user.

Click Save.

The server will be displayed in the Servers list.

Cross Reference – Find information about configuring user authentication with Active Directory in the Sophos Knowledgebase .

U s e r Pr in c ip a l N a me

Sometimes users should be required to use the User Principal Name notation 'user@domain' when entering their credentials, for example when using Exchange servers in combination with

Active Directory servers.

Clone a desired server to start a new server l

Change Backend to LDAP l

Change User Attribute to > l

Enter userPrincipalname into Custom field.

If not present already, this will set up a 'LDAP Users' group which you will have to use instead of the 'Active Directory Users' group.

Note – The format domain\user is not supported. Use the format user@domain instead.

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5.6.2.3 LDAP

LDAP, an abbreviation for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, is a networking protocol for querying and modifying directory services based on the X.500 standard. Sophos UTM uses the

LDAP protocol to authenticate users for several of its services, allowing or denying access based on attributes or group memberships configured on the LDAP server.

To configure LDAP authentication, proceed as follows:

On the Servers tab, click New Authentication Server.

The dialog box Add Authentication Server opens.

Make the following settings:

Backend: Select LDAP as backend directory service.

Server: Select or add an LDAP server. How to add a definition is explained on the Defin-

itions & Users > Network Definitions > Network Definitions page.

SSL: Select this option to enable SSL data transfer. The Port will then change from 389

(LDAP) to 636 (ldaps = LDAP over SSL).

Port: Enter the port of the LDAP server. By default, this is port 389.

Bind DN: The Distinguished Name (DN) of the user to bind to the server with. This user is mandatory. For security reasons, anonymous queries to the LDAP server are not supported. Note that the user must have sufficient privileges to obtain all relevant user object information from the LDAP server in order to authenticate users. LDAP users, groups, and containers can be specified by the full distinguished name in LDAP notation, using commas as delimiters (e.g.,

CN=administrator,DC=intranet,DC=example,DC=com

Password: Enter the password of the bind user.

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User attribute: Select the user attribute that is to be used as the filter for searching the

LDAP directory. The user attribute contains the actual login name each user is prompted for, for example by remote access services. The following user attributes can be selected: l

CN (Common Name) l

SN (Surname) l

UID (User ID)

If usernames in your LDAP directory are not stored in any of these forms, select <<Cus-

tom>> from the list and enter your custom attribute into the Custom field below. Note that this attribute must be configured on your LDAP directory.

O=Example,OU=RnD

). Base DN may be empty. In this case, the base DN is automatically retrieved from the directory.

Username: Enter the username of a test user to perform a regular authentication.

Password: Enter the password of the test user.

Click Save.

The server will be displayed in the Servers list.

5.6.2.4 RADIUS

RADIUS, the acronym of Remote Authentication Dial In User Service is a widespread protocol for allowing network devices such as routers to authenticate users against a central database.

In addition to user information, RADIUS can store technical information used by network devices, such as supported protocols, IP addresses, routing information, and so on. This information constitutes a user profile, which is stored in a file or database on the RADIUS server.

The RADIUS protocol is very flexible, and servers are available for most operating systems.

The RADIUS implementation on UTM allows you to configure access rights on the basis of proxies and users. Before you can use RADIUS authentication, you must have a running RADIUS

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server on the network. Whereas passwords are encrypted using the RADIUS secret, the username is transmitted in plain text.

To configure RADIUS authentication, proceed as follows:

On the Servers tab, click New Authentication Server.

The dialog box Add Authentication Server opens.

Make the following settings:

Backend: Select RADIUS as backend directory service.

Server: Select or add a RADIUS server. How to add a definition is explained on the Defin-

itions & Users > Network Definitions > Network Definitions page.

Port: Enter the port of the RADIUS server. By default, this is port 1812.

Shared Secret: The shared secret is a text string that serves as a password between a

RADIUS client and a RADIUS server. Enter the shared secret.

Username: Enter the username of a test user to perform a regular authentication.

Password: Enter the password of the test user.

NAS identifier: Select the appropriate NAS identifier from the list. For more information see the Note and the table below.

Click Save.

The server will be displayed in the Servers list.

Note – Each user authentication service of Sophos UTM such as

PPTP

L2TP

querying the

RADIUS server sends a different identifier (NAS identifier) to the RADIUS server. For example, the PPTP service sends the NAS identifier pptp to the RADIUS server when trying

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5.6 Authentication Services to authenticate this user.That way, the various services can be differentiated on the RADIUS server, which is useful for authorization purposes, that is, the granting of specific types of service to a user. Below you can find the list of user authentication services and their corresponding NAS identifier.

User Authentication Service

SSL VPN

PPTP

IPsec

L2TP over IPsec

SMTP proxy

User Portal

WebAdmin

SOCKS proxy

Web Filter

Authentication Client

NAS Identifier

ssl pptp ipsec l2tp smtp portal webadmin socks http agent

Wireless Access Points NAS ID is the wireless network name.

Table 1: RADIUS NAS Identifiers

5.6.2.5 TACACS+

TACACS+ (the acronym of Terminal Access Controller Access Control System) is a proprietary protocol by Cisco Systems, Inc. and provides detailed accounting information and administrative control over authentication and authorization processes. Whereas RADIUS combines authentication and authorization in a user profile, TACACS+ separates these operations.

Another difference is that TACACS+ utilizes the TCP protocol (port 49) while RADIUS uses the

UDP protocol.

To configure TACACS+ authentication, proceed as follows:

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On the Servers tab, click New Authentication Server.

The dialog box Add Authentication Server opens.

Make the following settings:

Backend: Select TACACS+ as backend directory service.

Server: Select or add a TACACS+ server. How to add a definition is explained on the

Definitions & Users > Network Definitions > Network Definitions page.

Port: Enter the port of the TACACS+ server. By default, this is port 49.

Key: Enter the authentication and encryption key for all TACACS+ communication between Sophos UTM and the TACACS+ server. The value for the key to be entered here should match the one configured on the TACACS+ server. Enter the key (second time for verification).

Username: Enter the username of a test user to perform a regular authentication.

Password: Enter the password of the test user.

Click Save.

The server will be displayed in the Servers list.

5.6.3 Single Sign-On

On the Definitions & Users > Authentication Services > Single Sign-On tab you can configure single sign-on functionality for Active Directory and/or eDirectory.

Ac t iv e D ir e c t o r y Sin g le Sig n - O n ( SSO )

Note that the Active Directory SSO facility is currently only used with the Web Filter to provide single sign-on with browsers that support NTLMv2 or Kerberos authentication.

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To activate the single sign-on functionality, UTM must join the Active Directory domain. In order for the domain joining to work, the following prerequisites must be met: l

There MUST NOT be a time difference of more than five minutes between the gateway clock and the DC clock.

The UTM hostname must exist in the ADDNS system.

UTM must use the AD DNS as forwarder, or must have a DNS request route for the AD domain which points to the AD DNS server.

Note – Active Directory Group Membership Synchronization uses the Single Sign-On (SSO) password to communicate with the AD server. If this password is changed, the new password needs to be entered and the UTM re-joined, for the UTM to sync with the server again.

To configure Active Directory SSO, do the following:

Create an Active Directory server on the Servers tab.

Make the following settings:

Domain: Name of the domain (for example intranet.mycompany.com). UTM searches all DCs retrievable via DNS.

Admin username: User with administrative privileges who is allowed to add computers to that domain (usually "Administrator").

Password: The password of the admin user.

Click Apply.

Your settings will be saved.

Note on Kerberos authentication support: In order for opportunistic SSO Kerberos support to work, the clients MUST use the FQDN hostname of UTM in their proxy settings—using the IP address will not work. NTLMv2 mode is not affected by this requirement, and will automatically be used if it is not met, or if the browser does not support Kerberos authentication.

e D ir e c t o r y Sin g le Sig n - O n ( SSO )

Here, you can configure SSO for eDirectory. If you have configured eDirectory SSO as authentication method in Web Protection > Web Filtering, the eDirectory server selected here will be used.

To configure eDirectory SSO, do the following:

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Create an eDirectory server on the Servers tab.

Make the following settings:

Server: eDirectory server for which you want to enable SSO.

Sync interval: Time (in seconds) between two synchronization events between UTM and eDirectory server.

Click Apply.

Your settings will be saved.

5.6.4 One-time Password

On the Definitions & Users > Authentication Services > One-time Password tab you can configure the one-time password (OTP) service, and you can monitor or edit the tokens of the onetime password users. One-time passwords are a method to improve security for passwordbased authentication. The user-specific password, which is sometimes too weak, will be amended with a one-time password that is valid for only one login. Thus, even if an attacker gets hold of it, he will not be able to log in with it.

One-time passwords generally change consistently, in regular intervals, being calculated automatically by a specific algorithm. Soon after a new password is calculated, the old password expires automatically. To calculate one-time passwords, the user needs to have either a mobile device with an appropriate software, or a special hardware or security token. Hardware tokens are ready to use from the start. On the mobile device, the end user needs to install Google

Authenticator or a similar software and deploy the configuration, which is available in the User

Portal as a QR code, on the start page or on the OTP Token page (see User Portal page). Having done that, the device calculates one-time passwords in token-specific intervals. It is important that date and time are correct on the mobile device as the time stamp is used for one-time password generation.

Note – To authenticate on the facilities where the one-time password is required, the user has to enter his user-specific UTM password, directly followed by the one-time password.

The administrator can also generate one-time passwords, also known as passcodes, manually.

In this case, you have to ensure that these not time-limited one-time passwords are safely transmitted to the end user. This process, however, should only be considered as a temporary solution, for example when a user temporarily has no access to his or her password calculating device.

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Note – Once an OTP token is created an information icon appears on the right side for each token. You can view the QR code and its details by clicking on the information icon.

Enabling and Configuring One-time Password Service

To configure the one-time password service, do the following:

In the OTP Settings section, make the following settings:

All users must use one-time passwords: By default, this checkbox is enabled and all users have to use one-time passwords. If only specific users should use one-time passwords, disable the checkbox and select or add users or groups to the box.

Caution – If you disabled the function All users must use one-time passwords, this automatically affects the Users/Groups in other parts of the UTM. For example,

Reverse Authentication.

Note – The option Create users automatically must be activated for users with backend authentication. You can find the option under Definitions & Users > Authentic-

ation Services > Global Settings > Automatic User Creation.

Auto-create OTP tokens for users: If selected, a QR code for configuring the mobile device software will be presented to the authorized users the next time they log in to the

User Portal. For this to work, make sure that the users have access to the User Portal

(see Management > User Portal pages). When a user logs in to the User Portal, the respective token will appear in the OTP Tokens list. Enabling this feature is recommended when you are using soft tokens on mobile devices. If your users only use hardware tokens you should instead disable the checkbox and add or import the tokens before enabling the OTP feature.

Enable OTP for facilities: Here you select the UTM facilities that should be accessed with one-time passwords by the selected users. When you select the Auto-create

OTP tokens for users checkbox, the User Portal needs to be enabled for security reasons: As the User Portal gives access to the OTP tokens, it should have no weaker protection itself. To activate OTP for secure shell access, you have to additionally enable shell access usage for the respective tokens (see

Adding or Editing OTP Tokens Manu-

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ally

). The corresponding users then have to log in as loginuser with the loginuser password, appended by the one-time password.

Caution – Especially when selecting WebAdmin or Shell Access for OTP usage, you have to ensure that the selected users have access to the one-time password tokens.

Otherwise you may log them out permanently.

In the Timestep Settings section, make the following settings:

Default token timestep: To synchronize one-time password generation on the mobile device and on the UTM, the timestep has to be identical on both sides. Some hardware tokens use 60 seconds. Other software OTP tokens use a timestep of 30 seconds which is the default value here. If the timestep does not match, authentication fails. The value entered here is used automatically for each new OTP token. The allowed range for the timestep is 10-120.

Maximum passcode offset: With help of this option you can set the maximum passcode offset steps. This means if you for example set 3 steps you restrict the clock of a token to drift no more than 3 timesteps between two logins. The maximum passcode offset requires a range of 0-10.

Maximum initial passcode offset: With help of this option you can set the maximum initial passcode offset steps. This means if you for example set 10 steps you restrict the clock of a token to drift no more than 10 timesteps between two logins. The maximum initial passcode offset requires a range of 0-600.

Click Apply.

Your settings will be saved.

If you use hardware tokens, import or add them into the OTP Tokens section.

Click the Import icon on the top right of the list. Select the method CSV Import. Then paste the CSV separated data into the text box and click Save.

PSKC Upload: OTP tokens which are using the OATH-TOTP standard are mostly delivered in a file which contains serial numbers and secrets using PSKC format. For encrypted files the decryption key is being supplied by out-of-band (paper-based). The standardized PSKC schema version 1.0 is supported (see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6030 ).

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Note – Please refer to the following draft for additional information about the

TOTP profile: draft-hoyer-keyprov-pskc-algorithm-profiles-01.txt

Click the Import icon on the top right of the list. Select the method PSKC Upload. Select the requested file and click Start Upload. If the file is encrypted, enter the Decryption Key and click Save.

Note – Sophos does not support public key encryption/authentication, only preshared key with AES/SHA1.

CSV Import: Use the data received from the hardware token vendor to generate a CSV file, using semicolons, in UTF-8 encoding. The file needs to contain three columns with the following content: secret, timestep, and comment. The secret, a unique, device-specific string, is mandatory, and should have a hexadecimal format and a length of minimum

128 bit. The other columns may be empty. If timestep is empty, the default token timestep defined in the OTP Settings section is used.

After the import/upload you can modify the entries using the Edit icon. Additionally, you can always add single entries by clicking the Plus icon (see

Adding or Editing OTP Tokens

Manually ).

Enable the one-time password service.

Click the toggle switch on top of the page. The toggle switch turns green.

If Auto-create OTP tokens for users is enabled, as soon as one of the users specified for onetime password authentication logs in to the User Portal for the first time, the UTM auto-creates the OTP token entry if it was not generated up front. Additionally, the Reset icon of the entry is enabled.

Using the toggle switch of an entry you can disable it, for example in case the user lost his hardware token. Using the appropriate icon, you can delete an entry, for example if a hardware token is broken. Be aware that in both cases, if the Auto-create OTP tokens for users option is enabled, the user can still re-authenticate because he has access to the token secret. In the

OTP Tokens list, a new entry will be displayed.

On the top right of the OTP Tokens list, a search box and navigation icons are available to navigate through and to filter the list.

Cross Reference – Find information about configuring OTP in the Sophos Knowledgebase .

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I c o n s

In the OTP Tokens area are some additional functional icons.

Functional icons

Meaning

Sets the token to a 'never-used' state, the so-called initial state. If the reset was performed the user will see the QR code again when logging in to the

User Portal. The reset function is available if the user logged in with

OTP at least one time.

Shows that the token is configured to be used for remote shell access.

Shows that the token information will not be displayed in the User Portal.

Shows additional token codes.

Allows you to show the token time-offsets.

Shows the QR code of the token and its information.

Adding or Editing OTP Tokens Manually

You can add or edit OTP tokens.

Tip – Usually you would not add single OTP tokens but either import them—in case of hardware tokens—or, using mobile devices, automatically generate them, using the Auto-create

OTP tokens for users option.

Open the dialog to add or edit the OTP token.

To add an OTP token, click the green Plus icon on the top right of the OTP Tokens list.

To edit an OTP token, click the Edit icon in front of the respective entry in the OTP Tokens list.

Make the following settings:

User: Select or add the user to whom the token should be assigned.

Secret: This is the shared secret of the user's hardware token or soft token. A hardware token has an unchangeable secret, given by the hardware producer. The soft token is

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5.6 Authentication Services created randomly by the UTM, when Auto-create OTP tokens for users is enabled. The secret should have a hexadecimal format and a length of 128 bit.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information. This text will be displayed with the QR code in the User Portal. If you define different tokens for one person, e.g., a hardware token and a soft token for the mobile phone, it is useful to enter some explanation here as the user will be displayed all QR codes side by side.

Optionally, make the following advanced settings:

Use custom token timestep: If you need another timestep for a token than the default token timestep defined in the OTP Settings section, enable this checkbox and enter the value. The timestep defined here has to correspond with the timestep of the user's password generation device, otherwise authentication fails.

Hide token information in User Portal: If enabled, the token will not be displayed in the User Portal. This can be useful for hardware tokens, where no configuration is needed, or for example when the soft tokens should not be configured by the end user, but centrally, by the administrator.

Token can be used for shell access: If enabled, the token can be used for command-line access to the UTM. For this to work, shell access has to be enabled in the

OTP Settings section, and shell access with password authentication has to be enabled for the UTM in general (see Management > System Settings > Shell Access).

OTP tokens with permission for shell access have a Command Shell icon on the right. For one-time password shell access, the user then has to log in as loginuser with the loginuser password, appended by the one-time password.

Additional codes (only when editing an OTP token): You can add one-time passwords manually for a token. Either click the green Plus icon to enter one one-time password at a time, or use the Generate button to generate 10 one-time passwords at once. You can also import or export the one-time passwords using the Action icon. These one-time passwords are not time-limited. A one-time password will be deleted automatically when the user logged in with it. OTP tokens with additional one-time passwords have a Plus icon on the right. Hovering the cursor on it shows the list of one-time passwords.

Click Save.

Your settings will be saved.

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Synchronizing OTP Token Time

When hardware OTP tokens, their build-in quartz clocks might run slower or faster than 'real world' clocks. VASCO token specification for example allows a time-drift of about 2 seconds each day. After some month, the time drift of the hardware token might be so big, that the OTP code on the token will not match the UTM's calculated OTP anymore and also be so high that it does not match the default accepted OTP windows of +/- one token code. So the OTP code will be denied by the UTM.

Each time a user logs on to UTM using a valid hardware token code the UTM calculates whether the token code is more than one time-step value away or not. If yes, the UTM changes the token-specific time drift value automatically.

With UTM you can calculate the time-offset and synchronize it. Proceed as follows:

In the OTP Tokens area click on the Stopwatch icon.

The check OTP token time-offset dialog box opens. The current offset for this token is displayed.

Enter the Token Passcode.

The token passcode is a six digit number created by the hardware device.

Click Check.

The result will be displayed after a few seconds. If the passcode was vaild the message says if and how many timesteps the token is off.

If you want to set the offset for the token, click OK.

The token time-offset is updated.

Click Cancel.

The dialog box closes.

5.6.5 Advanced

Blo c k Pa s s w o r d G u e s s in g

This function can be used to prevent password guessing. After a configurable number of failed login attempts (default: 3), the IP address trying to gain access to one of the facilities will be blocked for a configurable amount of time (default: 600 seconds).

Drop packets from blocked hosts: If enabled, all packets coming from blocked hosts will be dropped for the specified time. This option serves to avoid DoS attacks.

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Facilities: The check will be performed for the selected facilities.

Never block networks: Networks listed in this box are exempt from this check.

L o c a l Au t h e n t ic a t io n Pa s s w o r d s

Using this option, you can force the use of strong passwords for administrators or locally registered users having administrative privileges. You can configure password complexity to adhere to the following security requirements: l

Minimum password length, default is eight characters l

Require at least one lowercase character l

Require at least one uppercase character l

Require at least one numeral l

Require at least one non-alphanumeric character

To enable the selected password properties select the Require complex passwords checkbox and click Apply.

Ac t iv e D ir e c t o r y G r o u p Me mb e r s h ip Sy n c h r o n iz a t io n

Use this option to enable background syncing of AD group membership information.

The UTM can periodically synchronize group membership information and cache it locally to reduce traffic to the Active Directory server. When this option is enabled, group membership information will be synchronized with the configured Active Directory Single Sign-On server.

Click Synchronize Now to immediately synchronize group membership information.

Pr e f e t c h D ir e c t o r y U s e r s

Users from eDirectory or Active Directory can be synchronized with UTM. This will pre-create user objects on UTM such that these user objects already exist, when the user logs in. The synchronization process can run weekly or daily.

To enable prefetching, make the following settings:

Server: The drop-down list contains servers that have been created on the Servers tab. Select a server for which you want to enable prefetching.

Prefetch interval: Select an interval to prefetch users. To run the synchronization weekly, select the day of the week when synchronization should start. To run the synchronization daily, select Daily.

Prefetch time: Select a time to prefetch users.

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Groups: To specify which groups should be pre-created, enter the groups here. You can use the integrated LDAP browser to select these groups.

Click Apply to save your settings.

Prefetch Now: Click this button to start prefetching immediately.

Open Prefetch Live Log: Click this button to open the prefetch live log.

Enable backend sync on login (optional): With every prefetch event, the Backend sync option of the involved users (Users & Groups > Users tab) will be set to the value defined here. If the option is enabled, the users' Backend sync option will be enabled, if the option is disabled, the users' Backend sync option will be disabled.

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This chapter describes how to configure interfaces and network-specific settings in Sophos

UTM. The Network Statistics page in WebAdmin provides an overview of today's top ten accounting services, top source hosts, and concurrent connections. Each of the sections contains a Details link. Clicking the link redirects you to the respective reporting section of

WebAdmin, where you can find more statistical information.

The following topics are included in this chapter: l

Interfaces

Quality of Service (QoS)

Uplink Monitoring

IPv6

Static Routing

Dynamic Routing (OSPF)

Border Gateway Protocol

Multicast Routing (PIM-SM)

6.1 Interfaces

A gateway requires at least two network interface cards to connect an internal LAN to an external one (e.g., the Internet) in a secure fashion. In the following examples, the network card eth0 is always the interface connected to the internal network. Network card eth1 is the interface connected to the external network (for example, to the Internet). These interfaces are also called the trusted and untrusted interfaces, respectively.

Network cards are automatically recognized during the installation. With the Software Appliance, if new network cards are added later, a new installation will be necessary. To reinstall the system, simply make a backup of your configuration, install the software, and restore your backup.

The gateway must be the only point of contact between internal and external networks. All data must pass through UTM. We strongly recommend against connecting both internal and external interfaces to one hub or switch, except if the switch is configured as a VLAN switch.

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There might be wrong ARP resolutions (Address Resolution Protocol), also known as "ARP clash", which cannot be administered by all operating systems (for example, such as those from

Microsoft). Therefore, one physical network segment has to be used for each gateway network interface.

The Interfaces menu allows you to configure and manage all network cards installed on UTM and also all interfaces with the external network (Internet) and interfaces to the internal networks (LAN, DMZ).

Note – While planning your network topology and configuring UTM, take care to note which interface is connected to which network. In most configurations, the network interface with

SysID eth1 is chosen as the connection to the external network. In order to install the high availability (HA) failover, the selected network cards on both systems must have the same

SysID. Installing the HA failover is described in more detail on page Management >

High Availability

The following sections explain how to manage and configure different interface types on the tabs Interfaces, Additional Addresses, Link Aggregation, Uplink Balancing, Multipath Rules, and

Hardware.

6.1.1 Interfaces

On the Interfaces tab you can configure network cards and virtual interfaces. The list shows the already defined interfaces with their symbolic name, hardware device, and current addresses.

The interface status is also displayed. By clicking the toggle switch, you can activate and deactivate interfaces. Please note that interface groups do not have a toggle switch.

Tip – When you click the Info icon of an interface definition in the Interfaces list, you can see all configuration options in which the interface definition is used.

Newly added interfaces may show up as Down while they are in the process of being set up.

You can select to edit and delete interfaces by clicking the respective buttons.

6.1.1.1 Automatic Interface Network Definitions

Each interface on your UTM has a symbolic name and a hardware device assigned to it. The symbolic name is used when you reference an interface in other configuration settings. For each interface, a matching set of network definitions is automatically created by UTM:

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A definition containing the current IP address of the interface, its name consisting of the interface name and the (Address) suffix.

A definition containing the network attached to the interface, its name consisting of the interface name and the (Network) suffix. This definition is not created for Point-to-Point

(PPP) type interfaces.

A definition containing the broadcast address of the interface, its name consisting of the interface name and the (Broadcast) suffix. This definition is not created for Point-to-Point

(PPP) type interfaces.

When the interface uses a dynamic address allocation scheme (such as DHCP or remote assignment), these definitions are automatically updated. All settings referring to these definitions, for example firewall and NAT rules, will also automatically be updated with the changed addresses.

One interface with the symbolic name Internal is already predefined. It is the management interface and will typically be used as the "internal" UTM interface. If you want to rename it, you should do so right after the installation.

6.1.1.2 Interface Types

The following list shows which interface types can be added to UTM, and what type of hardware is needed to support them:

Group: You can organize your interfaces in groups. In appropriate configurations, you can then select a single interface group instead of multiple interfaces individually.

3G/UMTS: This is an interface based on a USB modem stick. The stick needs to be plugged in and UTM needs to be rebooted before interface creation.

DSL (PPPoA/PPTP): PPP over ATM. A DSL PPPoA device lets you attach your gateway to

PPP-over-ATM compatible DSL lines. These devices use the PPTP protocol to tunnel IP packets. They require a dedicated Ethernet connection (they cannot co-exist with other interfaces on the same hardware). You must attach a DSL modem to the interfaces network segment.

The network parameters for these device types can be assigned by the remote station (typically, your ISP). In addition, you need to enter username and password for your ISP account.

You also need to enter the IP address of your modem. This address is usually hardwired in the modem and cannot be changed. To communicate with the modem, you have to enter a NIC IP address and netmask. The modem's IP address must be inside the network defined by these parameters. The Ping Address must be a host on the other side of the PPTP link that responds

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to ICMP ping requests. You can try to use the DNS server of your ISP. If this address cannot be pinged, the connection is assumed to be dead, and will be reinitiated.

DSL (PPPoE): PPP over Ethernet. A DSL PPPoE device lets you attach your gateway to PPP-

over-Ethernet compatible DSL lines. These devices require a dedicated Ethernet connection

(they cannot co-exist with other interfaces on the same hardware). You must attach a DSL modem to the interfaces network segment. The network parameters for these device types can be assigned by the remote station (typically, your ISP). In addition, you need to enter username and password for your ISP account.

Ethernet DHCP: This is a standard Ethernet interface with DHCP.

Ethernet: This is a normal Ethernet interface, with 10, 100, or 1000 Mbit/s bandwidth.

Ethernet Bridge: This is a Ethernet interface using a bridge to connect Ethernet networks or segments to each other.

Ethernet VLAN: VLAN (Virtual LAN) is a method to have multiple layer-2 separated network segments on a single hardware interface. Every segment is identified by a "tag", which is just an integer number. When you add a VLAN interface, you will create a "hardware" device that can be used to add additional interfaces (aliases), too. PPPoE and PPPoA devices cannot be run over VLAN virtual hardware.

Modem (PPP): This type of interface lets you connect UTM to the Internet through a PPP modem. For the configuration you need a serial interface and an external modem on the UTM.

And you also need the DSL access data including username and password. You will get these data from your (ISP).

Ab o u t Fle x ib le Slo t s

Certain types of Sophos hardware appliances allow to easily change interface hardware by providing so-called slots where slot modules can be inserted and switched flexibly. If such hardware is being used, WebAdmin displays the slot information along with the hardware interfaces.

This looks for example like eth1 [A6] Intel Corporation 82576 Gigabit Network Connection, where the slot information is provided in the square brackets, A6 being the 6th port in slot A. Currently, up to three slots are possible, labeled A-C with up to eight ports each. Onboard interface cards will be labeled [MGMT1] and [MGMT2].

Slot information is provided in the following places of WebAdmin: l

Interfaces & Routing > Interfaces > Interfaces

Interfaces & Routing > Interfaces > Hardware

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Throughout WebAdmin in Hardware drop-down lists and lists where hardware interface information is displayed

For up-to-date information on which appliance types come with flexible slots, please refer to the

Sophos UTM webpage .

6.1.1.3 Group

You can combine two or more interfaces to a group. Groups can ease your configuration tasks.

When creating multipath rules, you need to configure a group if you want to balance traffic over a defined group of uplink interfaces only instead of using all uplink interfaces.

To configure a Group interface, proceed as follows:

On the Interfaces tab, click New Interface.

The Add Interface dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for the interface.

Type: Select Group from the drop-down list.

Interfaces: Add the interfaces to be grouped.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Click Save.

The group is added to the interface list. Groups do not have a status.

To show only interfaces of a certain type, select the type of the interfaces you want to have displayed from the drop-down list. To either edit or delete an interface, click the corresponding buttons.

6.1.1.4 3G/UMTS

Sophos UTM supports network connections via 3G/UMTS USB sticks.

To configure a 3G/UMTS interface, proceed as follows:

On the Interfaces tab, click New Interface.

The Add Interface dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for the interface.

Type: Select 3G/UMTS from the drop-down list.

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Hardware: Select a USB modem stick from the drop-down list. Note that you need to reboot after you plugged the USB stick in.

Network: Select the mobile network type, which is either GSM/W-CDMA, CDMA, or

LTE.

IPv4/IPv6 default GW (optional): Select this option if you want to use the default gateway of your provider.

PIN (optional): Enter the PIN of the SIM card if a PIN is configured.

APN autoselect (optional): By default, the APN (Access Point Name) used is retrieved from the USB modem stick. If you unselect the checkbox, enter APN information into the

APN field.

Username/Password (optional): If required, enter a username and password for the mobile network.

Dial string (optional): If your provider uses a different dial string, enter it here. Default is

*99#

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Optionally, make the following advanced settings:

Init string: Enter the string to initialize the USB modem stick. Remember that it might become necessary to adjust the init string to the USB modem stick. In this case, the init string can be gathered from the associated USB modem stick manual. If you do not have the required documentation available, keep the default setting ATZ.

Reset string: Enter the reset string for the USB modem stick. Keep in mind that it might be necessary to adjust the reset string to the USB modem stick. In this case you can gather it from the associated USB modem stick manual. If you do not have the required documentation available, keep the default setting ATZ.

MTU: Enter the maximum transmission unit for the interface in bytes. You must enter a value fitting your interface type here if you want to use traffic management. A sensible value for the interface type is entered by default. Changing this setting should only be done by technically adept users. Entering wrong values here can render the interface unusable. An MTU size greater than 1500 bytes must be supported by the network operator and the network card (e.g., Gigabit interface).By default, an MTU of 1500 bytes is set for the 3G/UMTS interface type.

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Default route metric: Enter the default route metric for the interface. The metric value is used to distinguish and prioritize routes to the same destination and is valid for all interfaces.

Asymmetric (optional): Select this option if your connection's uplink and downlink bandwidth are not identical and you want the Dashboard to reflect this. Then, two textboxes are displayed, allowing you to enter the maximum uplink bandwidth in either MB/s or

KB/s. Select the appropriate unit from the drop-down list.

Displayed max (optional): Here you can enter the maximum downlink bandwidth of your connection, if you want the Dashboard to reflect it. The bandwidth can be given in either MB/s or KB/s. Select the appropriate unit from the drop-down list.

Click Save.

The system will now check the settings for validity. After a successful check the new interface will appear in the interface list. The interface is not yet enabled (toggle switch is gray).

Enable the interface.

Click the toggle switch to activate the interface.

The interface is now enabled (toggle switch is green). The interface might still be displayed as being Down. The system requires a short time to configure and load the settings. Once the Up message appears, the interface is fully operable.

6.1.1.5 Ethernet

To configure a network card for a static Ethernet connection to an internal or external network, you must configure the network card with an IP address and netmask.

To configure a static Ethernet interface, proceed as follows:

On the Interfaces tab, click New Interface.

The Add Interface dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for the interface.

Type: Select Ethernet from the drop-down list.

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Hardware: Select an interface from the drop-down list.

Tip – For an external connection (e.g., to the Internet) choose the network card with

SysID eth1. Please note that one network card cannot be used as both an Ethernet interface and a PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE DSL) or PPTP over Ethernet (PPPoA DSL) connection simultaneously.

Dynamic IP Activate if you want to use a dynamic IP address.

IPv4/IPv6 address: Enter the IP address of the interface.

Netmask: Select a network mask (IPv4) and/or enter an IPv6 network mask.

IPv4/IPv6 default GW (optional): Select this option if you want to use a statically defined default gateway.

Default GW IP (optional): Enter the IP address of the default gateway.

Note – You can configure an interface to have an IPv4 and an IPv6 address simultaneously.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Optionally, make the following advanced settings:

Hostname: If your ISP requires to receive the hostname of your system, enter it here.

Default route metric: Enter the default route metric for the interface. The metric value is used to distinguish and prioritize routes to the same destination and is valid for all interfaces.

Proxy ARP: To enable the function, select the checkbox. By default, the Proxy ARP function is disabled (Off).This option is available on broadcast-type interfaces. When you

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6.1 Interfaces switch it on, UTM will "attract" traffic on that interface for hosts "behind" it and pass it on. It will do that for all hosts that it has a direct interface route for. This allows you to build

"transparent" network bridging while still doing firewalling. Another use for this feature is when your ISP's router just puts your "official" network on its Ethernet interface (does not use a host route).

KB/s. Select the appropriate unit from the drop-down list.

Click Save.

The system will now check the settings for validity. After a successful check the new interface will appear in the interface list. The interface is not yet enabled (toggle switch is gray).

Enable the interface.

Click the toggle switch to activate the interface.

6.1.1.6 Ethernet Bridge

Bridging is a packet forwarding technique primarily used in Ethernet networks. Unlike routing, bridging makes no assumptions about where in a network a particular address is located.

Instead, it depends on broadcasting to locate unknown devices.

Through bridging, several Ethernet networks or segments can be connected to each other.

The data packets are forwarded through bridging tables, which assign the MAC addresses to a bridge port. The resulting bridge will transparently pass traffic across the bridge interfaces.

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Note – Such traffic must explicitly be allowed by means of appropriate firewall rules. Most virtual hosts do not permit MAC address changes or promiscuous mode by default on their virtual interfaces. For bridging to work on virtual hosts, make sure that on the virtual host MAC address validation is disabled and promiscuous mode is allowed.

Note – If you had an configured bridge in UTM version 9.2 under the Interfaces & Routing >

Bridging > Status tab, this configuration will be displayed and marked with a note of the former version under the interface overview.

To configure a Ethernet Bridge, proceed as follows:

On the Interfaces tab, click New Interface.

The Add Interface dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for the interface.

Type: Select Ethernet Bridge from the drop-down list.

Note – If you edit an existing interface you can change the type and convert the interface into an Ethernet Bridge. After the conversion a note will be displayed under the changed interface in the interface overview. An converted Ethernet Bridge can also be converted back to an Ethernet interface.

Bridge selected NICs: You can select individual NICs that should form the bridge. This requires that there are unused network interface cards available. Select one or more of them to form the bridge. It is also possible to specify a Convert Interface that will be copied to the new bridge.

Dynamic IP Activate if you want to use a dynamic IP address.

IPv4 Address: Enter the IP address of the interface.

Note – IP address 0.0.0.0 is possible in Ethernet Bridge. In this case you have an bridge without address.

Netmask: Select a network mask (IPv4) and/or enter an IPv6 network mask.

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IPv4/IPv6 default GW (optional): Select this option if you want to use a statically defined default gateway.

Default GW IP (optional): Enter the IP address of the default gateway.

Note – You can configure an interface to have an IPv4 and an IPv6 address simultaneously.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Optionally, make the following advanced settings:

Default route metric: Enter the default route metric for the interface. The metric value is used to distinguish and prioritize routes to the same destination and is valid for all interfaces.

Proxy ARP: To enable the function, select the checkbox. By default, the Proxy ARP function is disabled (Off).This option is available on broadcast-type interfaces. When you switch it on, UTM will "attract" traffic on that interface for hosts "behind" it and pass it on. It will do that for all hosts that it has a direct interface route for. This allows you to build

Optionally, make the following advanced bridge settings:

Allow ARP broadcasts: This function allows you to configure whether global ARP broadcasts should be forwarded by the bridge. If enabled, the bridge will allow broadcasts to the MAC destination address FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. This, however, could be used by an alleged attacker to gather various information about the network cards employed within the respective network segment or even the security product itself.

Therefore, the default setting is not to let such broadcasts pass the bridge.

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Spanning Tree Protocol: Enabling this option will activate the Spanning Tree Protocol

(STP). This network protocol detects and prevents bridge loops.

Caution – Be aware that the Spanning Tree Protocol is known to provide no security, therefore attackers may be able to alter the bridge topology.

Ageing timeout: The amount of time in seconds after which an inactive MAC address will be deleted. The default time is 300 seconds.

Allow IPv6 pass through: Enabling this option will allow IPv6 traffic to pass the bridge without any inspection.

Virtual MAC address: Here you can enter a static MAC address for the bridge. By default (and as long as the entry is 00:00:00:00:00:00), the bridge uses the lowest MAC address of all member interfaces.

Forwarded EtherTypes: By default, a bridge configured on the Sophos UTM only forwards IP packets. If you want additional protocols to be forwarded, you have to add their

EtherType to this box. The types have to be entered as four-digit hexadecimal numbers.

Popular examples are AppleTalk (type 809B), Novell (type 8138), or PPPoE (types 8863 and 8864). A typical use case would be a bridge between your RED interfaces which should forward additional protocols between the connected networks.

Click Save.

The system will now check the settings for validity. After a successful check the new interface will appear in the interface list. The interface is not yet enabled (toggle switch is gray).

Enable the interface.

Click the toggle switch to activate the interface.

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6.1.1.7 Ethernet VLAN

In order to connect UTM to the virtual LANs, the system requires a network card with a tag-capable driver. A tag is a 2-byte header attached to packets as part of the Ethernet header. The tag contains the number of the VLAN that the packet should be sent to: the VLAN number is a 12-bit number, allowing up to 4095 virtual LANs. In WebAdmin this number is referred to as the VLAN

tag.

Note – Sophos maintains a list of supported tag-capable network interface cards. The Hard-

ware Compatibility List (HCL) is available at the Sophos Knowledgebase . Use "HCL" as search term to locate the corresponding page.

To configure an Ethernet VLAN interface, proceed as follows:

On the Interfaces tab, click New Interface.

The Add Interface dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for the interface.

Type: Select Ethernet VLAN from the drop-down list.

Hardware: Select an interface from the drop-down list.

Dynamic IP: Select this option if you want to use a dynamic IP address.

VLAN Tag: Enter the VLAN tag to use for this interface.

IPv4/IPv6 address: Enter the IP address of the interface.

Netmask: Select a network mask (IPv4) and/or enter an IPv6 network mask.

IPv4/IPv6 default GW (optional): Select this option if you want to use a statically defined default gateway.

Default GW IP (optional): Enter the IP address of the default gateway.

Note – You can configure an interface to have an IPv4 and an IPv6 address simultaneously.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Optionally, make the following advanced settings:

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MTU: Enter the maximum transmission unit for the interface in bytes. You must enter a value fitting your interface type here if you want to use traffic management. A sensible value for the interface type is entered by default. Changing this setting should only be done by technically adept users. Entering wrong values here can render the interface unusable. An MTU size greater than 1500 bytes must be supported by the network operator and the network card (e.g., Gigabit interface). By default, an MTU of 1500 bytes is set for the Ethernet VLAN interface type.

Default route metric: Enter the default route metric for the interface. The metric value is used to distinguish and prioritize routes to the same destination and is valid for all interfaces.

KB/s. Select the appropriate unit from the drop-down list.

Click Save.

The system will now check the settings for validity. After a successful check the new interface will appear in the interface list. The interface is not yet enabled (toggle switch is gray).

Enable the interface.

Click the toggle switch to activate the interface.

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6.1.1.8 DSL (PPPoE)

The configuration will require the DSL connection information, including username and password, provided by your ISP. VDSL is also supported by this interface type.

Note – Once the DSL connection is activated, the UTM will be connected to your ISP 24 hours a day. You should therefore ensure that your ISP bills on a flat-rate or bandwidth-based system rather than based on connection time.

To configure a DSL (PPPoE) interface, proceed as follows:

On the Interfaces tab, click New Interface.

The Add Interface dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for the interface.

Type: Select DSL (PPPoE) from the drop-down list.

Hardware: Select an interface from the drop-down list.

VDSL: Select this checkbox if and only if your connection is a VDSL connection. The

MTU changes to 1476.

Static PPPoE IP (optional): Select the checkbox if you have a static IP address assigned by your ISP, and enter the IP address and corresponding netmask into the appearing textboxes.

IPv4/IPv6 Address: Enter the IP address of the interface.

Netmask: Select a netmask from the drop-down list and/or enter an IPv6 netmask.

Note – You can configure an interface to have an IPv4 and an IPv6 address simultaneously.

IPv4/IPv6 Default GW (optional): Select this option if you want to use the default gateway of your provider.

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Username: Enter the username, provided by your ISP.

Password: Enter the password, provided by your ISP.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Optionally, make the following advanced settings:

MTU: Enter the maximum transmission unit for the interface in bytes. You must enter a value fitting your interface type here if you want to use traffic management. A sensible value for the interface type is entered by default. Changing this setting should only be done by technically adept users. Entering wrong values here can render the interface unusable. An MTU size greater than 1500 bytes must be supported by the network operator and the network card (e.g., Gigabit interface). By default, an MTU of 1492 bytes is set for the DSL (PPPoE) interface type.

Default route metric: Enter the default route metric for the interface. The metric value is used to distinguish and prioritize routes to the same destination and is valid for all interfaces.

VLAN tag (only if VDSL is enabled): Enter the VLAN tag to be added to the PPPoE packets. For the correct tag, refer to your VDSL provider. Default is 7, which is currently used for the PPPoE connection of the Deutsche Telekom.

Daily reconnect: Define at what time you want the connection to close and reopen. You can select either Never or pick a specific time.

Reconnect delay: Here you can change the reconnect delay. By default, it is set to 5

Seconds. If your ISP demands a longer delay you can set it to One Minute or Fifteen

Minutes.

KB/s. Select the appropriate unit from the drop-down list.

Multilink: If enabled, you can bundle multiple PPP connections. A multilink

PPP connection only works if your ISP supports Multilink PPP.

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Multilink slaves: Select the interfaces you want to bundle with the hardware selected above to one multilink.

Click Save.

The system will now check the settings for validity. After a successful check the new interface will appear in the interface list. The interface is not yet enabled (toggle switch is gray).

Enable the interface.

Click the toggle switch to activate the interface.

6.1.1.9 DSL (PPPoA/PPTP)

To configure a connection using the PPP over ATM Protocol (PPPoA), you will need an unused

Ethernet interface on the UTM as well as an external ADSL modem with an Ethernet port. The connection to the Internet proceeds through two separate connections. Between the UTM and the ADSL modem, a connection using the PPTP over Ethernet Protocol is established. The

ADSL modem is, in turn, connected to the ISP using the PPP over ATM Dialing Protocol.

The configuration will require the DSL connection information, including username and password, provided by your Internet Service Provider (ISP).

To configure a DSL (PPPoA/PPTP) interface, proceed as follows:

On the Interfaces tab, click New Interface.

The Add Interface dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for the interface.

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Type: Select DSL (PPPoA/PPTP) from the drop-down list.

Hardware: Select an interface from the drop-down list.

IPv4/IPv6 default GW (optional): Select this option if you want to use the default gateway of your provider.

Username: Enter the username, provided by your ISP.

Password: Enter the password, provided by your ISP.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Optionally, make the following advanced settings:

Modem IP: Enter the IP address of your ADSL modem here. This address will usually be provided by your ISP or the modem hardware and cannot be changed. Example:

10.0.0.138

(with AonSpeed).

NIC address: Enter the IP address of the network card on the UTM which is attached to the modem here. This address must be in the same subnet as the modem. Example:

10.0.0.140

(with AonSpeed).

NIC netmask: Enter the network mask to use here. Example: 255.255.255.0 (with

AonSpeed).

Ping address (optional): Enter the IP address of a host on the Internet that responds to

ICMP ping requests. In order to test the connection between the UTM and the external network, you have to enter an IP address of a host on the other side of the PPTP link. You can try to use the DNS server of your ISP. The UTM will send ping requests to this host: if no answer is received, the connection will be broken.

MTU: Enter the maximum transmission unit for the interface in bytes. You must enter a value fitting your interface type here if you want to use traffic management. A sensible value for the interface type is entered by default. Changing this setting should only be done by technically adept users. Entering wrong values here can render the interface unusable. An MTU size greater than 1500 bytes must be supported by the network operator and the network card (e.g., Gigabit interface). By default, an MTU of 1492 bytes is set for the DSL (PPPoA) interface type.

Default route metric: Enter the default route metric for the interface. The metric value is used to distinguish and prioritize routes to the same destination and is valid for all interfaces.

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Daily reconnect: Define at what time you want the connection to close and reopen. You can select either Never or pick a specific time.

Reconnect delay: Here you can change the reconnect delay. By default, it is set to 5

Seconds. If your ISP demands a longer delay you can set it to One Minute or Fifteen

Minutes.

KB/s. Select the appropriate unit from the drop-down list.

Click Save.

The system will now check the settings for validity. After a successful check the new interface will appear in the interface list. The interface is not yet enabled (toggle switch is gray).

Enable the interface.

Click the toggle switch to activate the interface.

6.1.1.10 Modem (PPP)

For the configuration you need a serial interface and an external PPP modem on the UTM. And you also need the DSL access data including username and password. You will get these data from your Internet Service Provider (ISP).

To configure a Modem (PPP) interface, proceed as follows:

On the Interfaces tab, click New Interface.

The Add Interface dialog box opens.

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Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for the interface.

Type: Select Modem (PPP) from the drop-down list.

Hardware: Select an interface from the drop-down list.

IPv4/IPv6 default GW (optional): Select this option if you want to use the default gateway of your provider.

Username: Enter the username, provided by your ISP.

Password: Enter the password, provided by your ISP.

Dial String: Enter the phone number. Example: 5551230

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Optionally, make the following advanced settings:

Line speed: Set the speed in bits per seconds for the connection between the UTM and the modem. Common values are 57,600 Bits/s and 115,200 Bits/s.

Flow control: Select the method to control the data flow.

If the data is transferred via the serial connection it might happen that the system cannot process incoming data fast enough. To ensure that no data is lost, this method of controlling the data flow becomes necessary. With the serial connection two methods are available: l

Hardware signals l

Software signals

Since in a PPP connection all eight bits are used for the data transfer line and the transferred data contains the bytes of the command signs Control S and Control Q, we recommend keeping the default setting Hardware and using a serial connection cable.

Init string: Enter the string to initialize the modem. Remember that it might become necessary to adjust the init string to the modem. In this case, the init string can be gathered from the associated modem manual. If you do not have the required documentation available, keep the default setting ATZ.

Reset string: Enter the reset string for the modem. Keep in mind that it might be necessary to adjust the reset string to the modem. In this case you can gather it from the asso-

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6.1 Interfaces ciated modem manual. If you do not have the required documentation available, keep the default setting ATZ.

Default route metric: Enter the default route metric for the interface. The metric value is used to distinguish and prioritize routes to the same destination and is valid for all interfaces.

KB/s. Select the appropriate unit from the drop-down list.

Click Save.

The system will now check the settings for validity. After a successful check the new interface will appear in the interface list. The interface is not yet enabled (toggle switch is gray).

Enable the interface.

Click the toggle switch to activate the interface.

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6.1.2 Additional Addresses

One network card can be configured with additional IP addresses (also called aliases). This function allows you to manage multiple logical networks on one physical network card. It can also be used to assign further addresses to a UTM running NAT (Network Address Translation).

To configure additional addresses on standard Ethernet interfaces, proceed as follows:

On the Additional Addresses tab, click New Additional Address.

The Add Additional Address dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for the new additional address.

On interface: Select an interface from the drop-down list to which the address is to be assigned.

IPv4/IPv6 address: Enter the additional IP address of the interface.

Netmask: Select a netmask from the drop-down list and/or enter an IPv6 netmask.

Assigned to node: This option is only available when the UTM is set up in a cluster.

Select a node from the drop-down list for the additional address. If you assign an additional address to a HA/Cluster node, then the traffic will be send to this dedicated node for monitoring. This can be useful to monitor individual nodes of a HA/Cluster.

Note – All traffic for the additional address will be send exclusively to the dedicated node. If the node is down, no other node will handle the traffic for the additional address.

Note – You can configure an interface to have an IPv4 and an IPv6 address simultaneously.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Click Save.

The system will now check the settings for validity. After a successful check the new interface will appear in the interface list. The interface is not yet enabled (toggle switch is gray).

Enable the additional address.

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Click the toggle switch to activate the additional address.

The additional address is now enabled (toggle switch is green). The additional address might still be displayed as being Down. The system requires a short time to configure and load the settings. Once the Up message appears, the additional address is fully operable.

To either edit or delete an additional address, click the corresponding buttons.

6.1.3 Link Aggregation

Link aggregation, which is also known as "port trunking" or "NIC bonding", allows you to aggregate multiple Ethernet network ports into one virtual interface. The aggregated ports appear as a single IP address to your system. Link aggregation is useful to increase the link speed beyond the speed of any one single NIC or to provide basic failover and fault tolerance by redundancy in the event any port or switch fails. All traffic that was being routed over the failed port or switch is automatically re-routed to use one of the remaining ports or switches. This failover is completely transparent to the system using the connection.

Note – In a high-availability environment, Ethernet connections can even be on different HA units.

You can define up to four different link aggregation groups. A group can consist of one or multiple interfaces.

To create a link aggregation group (LAG), proceed as follows:

For each LAG, select the interfaces you want to add.

A group can consist of a configured interface and/or one or more unconfigured interfaces.

To use a configured interface, select it from the Convert Interface drop-down list. To use unconfigured interfaces, select the respective checkbox(es).

Enable the LAG.

Activate a group by clicking the button Enable this group.

Once the link aggregation group has been configured, a new LAG interface (e.g., lag0) becomes available for selection if you are going to create an interface definition on the

Interfaces tab. On top of the bonding interface you can create one of the following:

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Ethernet Static l

Ethernet VLAN l

Ethernet DHCP l

Alias interfaces

To disable a LAG, clear the checkboxes of the interfaces that make up the LAG, click Update this

Group, and confirm the warning message. The status of the LAG interface is shown on the Sup-

port > Advanced > Interfaces Table tab.

6.1.4 Uplink Balancing

With the uplink balancing function you can combine more than one Internet uplink, either for having backup uplinks available or for using load balancing among multiple uplinks. Combining up to

32 different uplinks is supported. Note that with BasicGuard subscription, only two uplinks can be combined.

Uplink balancing is automatically enabled when you assign a default gateway to an interface in addition to an already existing interface with a default gateway. All interfaces possessing a default gateway will be added to the Active Interfaces box and uplink balancing automatically organizes the balancing between those interfaces from then on. Any other interface with a default gateway will automatically be added, too.

On the Multipath Rules tab you can define specific rules for the traffic to be balanced.

To manually set up uplink balancing, proceed as follows:

Enable uplink balancing.

Click the toggle switch.

The toggle switch turns amber and the Uplink Balancing area becomes editable.

Select active interfaces.

Add one or more interfaces by clicking the Folder icon and dragging interfaces from the object list. With multiple interfaces, traffic coming from clients is balanced by source, i.e., all traffic coming from one source uses the same interface, whereas traffic from another source can be sent to another interface. If one of the interfaces is unavailable, traffic will be taken over by the remaining interface(s).

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Note – Initially, when uplink balancing has been enabled automatically, the Active Inter-

faces list already contains all interfaces having a default gateway. If you remove an interface from the list, the Default gateway checkbox of the interface will automatically be unselected. Thus, every interface having a default gateway has to be either on this list or on the Standby Interfaces box below. However, you can add interfaces without default gateway and enter the default gateway address later on.

Note – The sequence of the interfaces is important: In configurations where only one interface can be used, and for packets sent from the UTM itself, by default the first available active interface is used. You can change the interface sequence by clicking the

Sort icons in the box.

Using the Edit Scheduler icon on the box header, you can set individual balancing behavior and interface persistence of the active interfaces:

Weight: Weight can be set from 0 to 100 and specifies how much traffic is processed by an interface relative to all other interfaces. A weighted round robin algorithm is used for this, a higher value meaning that more traffic is routed to the respective interface. The values are evaluated relative to each other so they need not add up to 100. Instead, you can have a configuration for example, where interface 1 has value 100, interface 2 has value

50 and interface 3 has value 0. Here, interface 2 gets only half the traffic of interface 1, whereas interface 3 only comes into action when none of the other interfaces is available.

A value of zero means that always another interface with a higher value is chosen if available.

Persistence: Interface persistence is a technique which ensures that traffic having specific attributes is always routed over the same uplink interface. Persistence has a default timeout of one hour.

Select standby interfaces (optional).

Here, you can optionally add failover interfaces that should only come into action if all active interfaces become unavailable. In this case, the first available standby interface in the given order will be used. You can change the interface sequence by clicking the Sort icons in the box.

Change monitoring settings (optional).

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By default, Automatic monitoring is enabled to detect possible interface failures. This means that the health of all uplink interfaces is monitored by having them contact a specific host on the Internet at an interval of 15 seconds. By default, the monitoring host is the third ping-allowing hop on the route to one of the root DNS servers. However, you can define the hosts for monitoring the server pool yourself. For these hosts you can select another service instead of ping, and modify the monitoring interval and timeout.

If the monitoring hosts do not send a response anymore, the respective interface is regarded as dead and not used anymore for distribution. On the Dashboard, in the Link column of the interface, Error will be displayed.

Note – Automatically, the same monitoring settings are used for both uplink monitoring

(Uplink Monitoring > Advanced) and uplink balancing (Interfaces > Uplink Balancing).

Click Apply.

Your settings will be saved.

The toggle switch turns green.

A new virtual network interface named Uplink Interfaces is automatically created and now available for use by other functions of the Sophos UTM, e.g. IPsec rules. The virtual network interface Uplink Interfaces comprises all uplink interfaces added to the interface list.

Additionally, a new network group named Uplink Primary Addresses is automatically created and now available for use by other functions of the Sophos UTM, e.g. firewall rules. It refers to the primary addresses of all Uplink Interfaces.

In case of an interface failure, open VPN tunnels can be automatically re-established over the next available interface provided DynDNS is used or the remote server accepts the IP addresses of all uplink interfaces. As a prerequisite, the IPsec rule must use the Uplink Inter-

faces as Local interface.

Defining Monitoring Hosts

To define hosts for monitoring the server pool yourself, proceed as follows:

Unselect the Automatic monitoring checkbox.

The Monitoring hosts box becomes editable.

Add monitoring hosts.

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Select or add one or more hosts that you want to use for monitoring instead of random hosts. If an interface is monitored by more than one host, it will only be regarded as dead if all monitoring hosts do not respond in the defined time span. How to add a definition is explained on the Definitions & Users > Network Definitions > Network Definitions page.

Note – If a selected host is bound to an interface, it will only be used to monitor this interface. If a host is not bound to an interface, it will be used to monitor all interfaces. Interfaces not covered by the selected hosts will be monitored by automatic monitoring.

Click the Monitoring Settings icon in the box header to set the monitoring details:

Monitoring type: Select the service protocol for the monitor checks. Select either TCP

(TCP connection establishment), UDP (UDP connection establishment), Ping (ICMP

Ping), HTTP Host (HTTP requests), or HTTPS Host (HTTPS requests) for monitoring.

When using UDP a ping request will be sent initially which, if successful, is followed by a

UDP packet with a payload of 0. If ping does not succeed or the ICMP port is unreachable, the connection is regarded as down.

Port (only with monitoring types TCP and UDP): Port number the request will be sent to.

URL (optional, only with monitoring types HTTP/S Host): URL to be requested. You can use other ports than the default ports 80 or 443 by adding the port information to the

URL, e.g., http://example.domain:8080/index.html. If no URL is entered, the root directory will be requested.

Interval: Enter a time interval in seconds at which the hosts are checked.

Timeout: Enter a maximum time span in seconds for the monitoring hosts to send a response. If all monitoring hosts of an interface do not respond during this time, the interface will be regarded as dead.

Click Apply.

Your settings will be saved.

6.1.5 Multipath Rules

On the Interfaces & Routing > Interfaces > Multipath Rules tab you can set rules for uplink balancing. The rules are applied to the active interfaces on the Uplink Balancing tab when there is more than one interface to balance traffic between. Without multipath rules, all services are balanced by source, i.e., all traffic coming from one source uses the same interface, whereas traffic

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from another source can be sent to another interface. Multipath rules allow you to change this default interface persistence.

Note – Multipath rules can be set up for the service types TCP, UDP, or IP.

To create a multipath rule, proceed as follows:

On the Multipath Rules tab, click New Multipath Rule.

The Add Multipath Rule dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for the multipath rule.

Position: The position number, defining the priority of the rule. Lower numbers have higher priority. Rules are matched in ascending order. Once a rule has matched, rules with a higher number will not be evaluated anymore. Place the more specific rules at the top of the list to make sure that more vague rules match last.

Source: Select or add a source IP address or network to match.

Service: Select or add the network service to match.

Destination: Select or add a destination IP address or network to match.

Tip – How to add a definition is explained on the Definitions & Users > Network Defin-

itions > Network Definitions page.

Itf. persistence: Interface persistence is a technique which ensures that traffic having specific attributes is always routed over the same uplink interface. Persistence has a default timeout of one hour, however you can change this timeout on the Uplink Balan-

cing tab. You can decide what should be the basis for persistence: l

By connection: (default) Balancing is based on the connection, i.e., all traffic belonging to a particular connection uses the same interface, whereas traffic of another connection can be sent to another interface.

By source: Balancing is based on the source IP address, i.e., all traffic coming from one source uses the same interface, whereas traffic from another source can be sent to another interface.

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Note – Basically, persistence by source cannot work when using a proxy because the original source information is lost. The HTTP proxy however is an exception: Traffic generated by the HTTP proxy will match against the original client source IP address and thus complies with interface persistence rules By

source, too.

By destination: Balancing is based on the destination IP address, i.e., all traffic going to one destination uses the same interface, whereas traffic to another destination can be sent to another interface.

By source/destination: Balancing is based on the source/destination IP address combination, i.e., all traffic coming from a specific source A and going to a specific destination B uses the same interface. Traffic with another combination can be sent to another interface. Also, please notice the note above.

By interface: Select an interface from the Bind Interface drop-down list. All traffic applying to the rule will be routed over this interface. In case of an interface failure and if no subsequent rules match, the connection falls back to default behavior.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Optionally, make the following advanced settings:

Balanced to (not with persistence by interface): Add an interface group to the field. All traffic applying to the rule will be balanced over the interfaces of this group. By default,

Uplink Interfaces is selected, so connections are balanced over all uplink interfaces.

Skip rule on interface error (only available if the Itf. Persistence is set to By Interface):

If selected, in case of an interface failure, the next matching multipath rule will be used for the traffic. If unselected, no other multipath rule will be used for the defined traffic in case of an interface failure. This for example makes sense when you want to ensure that

SMTP traffic is only sent from a specific static IP address to prevent your emails from being classified as spam by the recipients due to an invalid sender IP address.

Click Save.

The new multipath rule is added to the Multipath Rules list.

Enable the multipath rule.

The new rule is disabled by default (toggle switch is gray). Click the toggle switch to enable the rule.The rule is now enabled (toggle switch is green).

To either edit or delete a rule, click the corresponding buttons.

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6.1.6 Hardware

The Interfaces & Routing > Interfaces > Hardware tab lists all configured interfaces showing information such as the Ethernet mode of operation or the MAC address. On UTM hardware devices, for each interface, auto negotiation can be enabled or disabled.

Auto Negotiation: Usually, the Ethernet mode of operation (1000BASE-T full-duplex,

100BASE-T full-duplex, 100BASE-T half-duplex, 10BASE-T full-duplex, 10BASE-T halfduplex, and so on) between two network devices is automatically negotiated by choosing the best possible mode of operation supported by both devices, where higher speed (e.g. 1000

Mbit/sec) is preferred over lower speed (e.g. 100 Mbit/sec), and full duplex is preferred over half duplex at the same speed.

Caution – For proper 1000 Mbit/sec operation, auto negotiation is always required and mandatory by IEEE Std 802.3ab. Thus, be careful to never switch Auto Negotiation off for any interface with Link mode 1000BASE-T. The timing of your network link may fail, causing service degradation or failure. For 100 Mbit/sec and 10 Mbit/sec operation, auto negotiation is optional, but still recommended for use whenever possible.

Auto negotiation is enabled by default. In the rare case that you need to switch it off, click the Edit button of the corresponding interface card and change the setting in the appearing dialog box

Edit NIC Parameters via the drop-down list Link Mode. Note that the drop-down list is only available with UTM hardware devices. Click Save to save your changes.

Caution – Be careful when disabling auto negotiation, as this might lead to mismatches, resulting in a significant performance decrease or even disconnect. If the respective network interface card is your interface to WebAdmin you may lose access to WebAdmin!

In case one of your interfaces lost its network link due to manipulation of auto negotiation or speed settings, just changing the settings back will typically not bring the interface back to normal operation: Changing auto negotiation or speed settings on disconnected interfaces is not reliable. Therefore first switch on auto negotiation and then reboot UTM to bring back normal operation.

HA Link Monitoring: If high availability is enabled, all configured interfaces are monitored for link status. In case of a link failure, a takeover is triggered. If a configured interface is not always connected (e.g. management interface) please disable HA link monitoring for the

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6.2 Quality of Service (QoS) corresponding interface. Otherwise all HA nodes will stay in status UNLINKED. To disable HA link monitoring click the Edit button of the corresponding interface card and change the setting in the appearing dialog box Edit NIC Parameters. Click Save to save your changes.

Set Virtual MAC: Sometimes it is useful to be able to change the MAC address of a device. For example, there are some ISPs where the modem must be reset when the device connected to it changes and by that the MAC address of that device. By setting the MAC address to the value of the former device, a reset of the modem can be avoided.

UTM, however, does not overwrite the original MAC address of the device but instead sets a virtual MAC address. To do so, click the Edit button of the corresponding interface card. In the appearing dialog box Edit NIC Parameters, select the checkbox Set Virtual MAC and enter a valid MAC address. Click Save to save your changes.

To restore the original MAC address, click the Edit button of the corresponding interface card.

In the appearing dialog box Edit NIC Parameters, unselect the checkbox Set Virtual MAC. Click

Save to save your changes.

6.2 Quality of Service (QoS)

Generally speaking, Quality of Service (QoS) refers to control mechanisms to provide better service to selected network traffic, and to provide priority in terms of guaranteed bandwidths in particular. In Sophos UTM, priority traffic is configured on the Quality of Service (QoS) tabs, where you can reserve guaranteed bandwidths for certain types of outbound network traffic passing between two points in the network, whereas shaping of inbound traffic is optimized internally by various techniques such as Stochastic Fairness Queuing (SFQ) or Random Early Detection

(RED).

6.2.1 Status

The Quality of Service (QoS) > Status tab lists the interfaces for which QoS can be configured.

By default, QoS is disabled for each interface.

To configure QoS for an interface, proceed as follows:

Click the Edit button of the respective interface.

The Edit Interface dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

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Downlink Mbit/sec/Uplink Mbit/sec: Enter the uplink and downlink bandwidth (in

Mbit/s) provided by your ISP. For example, for a 5 Mbit/s Internet connection for both uplink and downlink, enter 5. Values between 1 and 10000 are allowed.

If you have a fluctuating bandwidth, enter the lowest value that is guaranteed by your

ISP. For example, if you have a 5 Mbit/s Internet connection for both uplink and downlink with a variation of 0.8 Mbit/s, enter 4.3 Mbit/s. Note that if the available bandwidth becomes temporarily higher than the configured lowest guaranteed value, the gateway can make a projection taking the new bandwidth into account, so that the percentage bandwidth for the priority traffic will be increased as well; unfortunately, this does not work vice versa.

Limit uplink: Selecting this option tells the QoS function to use the configured downlink and uplink bandwidth as the calculation base for prioritizing traffic that passes this interface. The Limit uplink option is selected by default and should be used for the following interface types: l

Ethernet interface (with a router sitting in between the gateway and the Internet— the bandwidth provided by the router is known) l

Ethernet VLAN interface (with a router sitting in between the gateway and the

Internet—the bandwidth provided by the router is known) l

DSL (PPPoE) l

DSL (PPPoA/PPTP) l

Modem (PPP)

Unselect the Limit uplink checkbox for these interfaces whose traffic shaping calculation base can be determined by the maximum speed of the interface. However, this only applies to the following interface types: l

Ethernet interface (directly connected to the Internet) l

Ethernet VLAN interface (directly connected to the Internet)

For interfaces with no specific uplink limit given, the QoS function shapes the entire traffic proportionally. For example, if you have configured 512 Kbit/s for VoIP traffic on a Ethernet DHCP interface and the available bandwidth has decreased by half, then 256

Kbit/s would be used for this traffic (note that proportional shaping works in both directions in contrast to interfaces that rely on a fix maximum limit).

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Download equalizer: If enabled, Stochastic Fairness Queuing (SFQ) and Random

Early Detection (RED) queuing algorithms will avoid network congestion. In case the configured downlink speed is reached, packets from the most downlink consuming stream will be dropped.

Upload optimizer: If enabled, this option will automatically prioritize outgoing TCP connection establishments (TCP packets with SYN flag set), acknowledgment packets of

TCP connections (TCP packets with ACK flag set and a packet length between 40 and

60 bytes) and DNS lookups (UDP packets on port 53).

Click Save.

Your settings will be saved.

Enable QoS for the interface.

Click the toggle switch of the interface.

The toggle switch turns green.

6.2.2 Traffic Selectors

A traffic selector can be regarded as a QoS definition which describes certain types of network traffic to be handled by QoS. These definitions later get used inside the bandwidth pool definition. There you can define how this traffic gets handled by QoS, like limiting the overall bandwidth or guarantee a certain amount of minimum bandwidth.

To create a traffic selector, proceed as follows:

On the Traffic Selector tab, click New Traffic Selector.

The Add Traffic Selector dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for this traffic selector.

Selector type: You can define the following types: l

Traffic selector: Using a traffic selector, traffic will be shaped based on a single service or a service group.

Application selector: Using an application selector, traffic will be shaped based on applications, i.e. which traffic belongs to which application, independent from the port or service used.

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Group: You can group different service and application selectors into one traffic selector rule. To define a group, there must be some already defined single selectors.

Source: Add or select the source network for which you want to enable QoS.

Service: Only with Traffic selector. Add or select the network service for which you want to enable QoS. You can select among various predefined services and service groups.

For example, select VoIP protocols (SIP and H.323) if you want to reserve a fixed bandwidth for VoIP connections.

Destination: Add or select the destination network for which you want to enable QoS.

Tip – How to add a definition is explained on the Definitions & Users > Network Defin-

itions > Network Definitions page.

Control by: Only with Application selector. Select whether to shape traffic based on its application type or by a dynamic filter based on categories.

Applications: The traffic is shaped application-based. Select one or more applications in the box Control these applications.

Dynamic filter: The traffic is shaped category-based. Select one or more categories in the box Control these categories.

Control these applications/categories: Only with Application selector. Click the

Folder icon to select applications/categories. A dialog window opens, which is described in detail in the next section.

Productivity: Only with Dynamic filter. Reflects the productivity score you have chosen.

Risk: Only with Dynamic filter. Reflects the risk score you have chosen.

Note – Some applications cannot be shaped. This is necessary to ensure a flawless operation of Sophos UTM. Such applications miss a checkbox in the application table of the Select Application dialog window, e.g. WebAdmin, Teredo and SixXs (for IPv6 traffic), Portal (for User Portal traffic), and some more. When using dynamic filters, shaping of those applications is also prevented automatically.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

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Optionally, make the following advanced settings:

TOS/DSCP (only with selector type Traffic Selector): In special cases it can be useful to distinguish traffic to be handled by QoS not only by its source, destination, and service but additionally based on its TOS or DSCP flags in the IP header.

Off: With this default option all traffic matching the source, service and destination selected above will be handled by QoS.

TOS bits: Select this option if you want to restrict the traffic handled by QoS to IP packets with specific TOS bits (Type of Service) settings. You can choose between the following settings: l

Normal service l

Minimize monetary cost l

Maximize reliability l

Maximize throughput l

Minimize delay l

DSCP bits: Select this option if you want to restrict the traffic handled by QoS to IP packets with specific DSCP bits (Differentiated Services Code Point) settings. You can either specify a single DSCP Value (an integer in the range from 0-63) or select a predefined value from the DSCP Class list (e.g., BE default dscp

(000000)).

Amount of data sent/received: Select the checkbox if you want the traffic selector to match based on the amount of bytes transferred by a connection so far. With this feature you can e.g. limit the bandwidth of large HTTP uploads without constraining regular

HTTP traffic.

Sent/Received: From the drop-down list, select More than to define the traffic selector only for connections which exceed a certain amount of traffic. Select Less

than to define it for connections with less traffic so far.

kByte: Enter the threshold for the amount of traffic.

Helper: Some services use dynamic port ranges for data transmission. For each connection, the ports to be used are negotiated between the endpoints via a control channel.

The UTM uses a special connection tracking helper monitoring the control channel to determine which dynamic ports are being used. To include the traffic sent through the

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dynamic ports in the traffic selector, select Any in the Service box above, and select the respective service from the Helper drop-down list.

Click Save.

The new selector appears on the Traffic Selectors list.

If you defined many traffic selectors, you can combine multiple selectors inside a single traffic selector group, to make the configuration more convenient.

This traffic selector or traffic selector group can now be used in each bandwidth pool. These pools can be defined on the Bandwidth Pools tab.

Th e Se le c t Ap p lic a t io n o r C a t e g o r y D ia lo g W in d o w

When creating application control rules you need to choose applications or application categories from a dialog window called Select one or more applications/categories to control.

The table in the lower part of the dialog window displays the applications you can choose from or which belong to a defined category. By default, all applications are displayed.

The upper part of the dialog window provides three configuration options to limit the number of applications in the table: l

Category: Applications are grouped by category. This list contains all available categories. By default, all categories are selected, which means that the table below displays all applications available. If you want to limit the displayed applications to certain categories, click into the category list and select only one or more categories relevant to you.

Productivity: Applications are also classified by their productivity impact which means how much they influence productivity. Example: Salesforce, a typical business software, has the score 5 which means its usage adds to productivity. On the contrary, Farmville, an online game, has the score 1 which means its usage is counterproductive. The network service DNS has the score 3 which means its productivity impact is neutral.

Risk: Applications are also classified by the risk they carry when used with regard to malware, virus infections, or attacks. A higher number means a higher risk.

Tip – Each application has an Info icon which, when clicked, displays a description of the respective application. You can search the table by using the filter field in the table header.

Now, depending on the type of control you selected in the Create New Traffic Selector dialog box, do the following:

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Control by dynamic filter: Select the categories from the Category box and click Apply to adopt the selected categories to your rule.

Control by application: From the table, select the applications you want to control by clicking the checkbox in front. Click Apply to adopt the selected applications to your rule.

After clicking Apply, the dialog window closes and you can continue to edit the settings of your traffic selector rule.

6.2.3 Bandwidth Pools

On the Quality of Service (QoS) > Bandwidth Pools tab you can define and manage bandwidth pools for bandwidth management. With a bandwidth pool, you reserve a guaranteed bandwidth for a specific outgoing traffic type, optionally limited by a maximum bandwidth limit.

To create a bandwidth pool, proceed as follows:

On the Bandwidth Pools tab, select an interface.

From the Bound to interface drop-down list, select the interface for which you want to create a bandwidth pool.

Click New Bandwidth Pool.

The Add Bandwidth Pool dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for this bandwidth pool.

Position: The position number, defining the priority of the bandwidth pool. Lower numbers have higher priority. Bandwidth pools are matched in ascending order. Once a bandwidth pool has matched, bandwidth pools with a higher number will not be evaluated anymore. Place the more specific pools at the top of the list to make sure that more vague pools match last. For example, if you have configured a traffic selector for web traffic

(HTTP) in general and for web traffic to a particular host, place the bandwidth pool that uses the latter traffic selector on top of the bandwidth pool list, that is, select position 1 for it.

Bandwidth: Enter the uplink bandwidth (in Kbit) you want to reserve for this bandwidth pool. For example, if you want to reserve 1 Mbit/s for a particular type of traffic, enter

1024

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Note – You can only assign up to 90 % of the entire available bandwidth to a bandwidth pool. The gateway always reserves 10 % of the bandwidth for so-called unshaped traffic. To stay with the example above, if your uplink Internet connection is 5 Mbit/s and you want to assign as much bandwidth as possible to VoIP traffic, you can at most enter a value of 4608 Kbit/s.

Specify upper bandwidth limit: The value you entered in the Bandwidth field above represents the guaranteed bandwidth to be reserved for a specific kind of traffic.

However, a bandwidth pool usually allocates more bandwidth for its traffic if available. If you want a particular traffic not to consume more than a certain amount of your bandwidth, select this option to restrict the allocation of bandwidth to be used by this bandwidth pool to an upper limit.

Traffic selectors: Select the traffic selectors you want to use for this bandwidth pool.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Click Save.

The new bandwidth pool appears on the Bandwidth Pools list.

Enable the rule.

The new rule is disabled by default (toggle switch is gray). Click the toggle switch to enable the rule.The rule is now enabled (toggle switch is green).

To either edit or delete a bandwidth pool, click the corresponding buttons.

6.2.4 Download Throttling

On the Quality of Service (QoS) > Download Throttling tab you can define and manage rules to throttle incoming traffic. If packets are coming in faster than the configured threshold, excess packets will be dropped immediately without being listed in the firewall rules log file. As a result of

TCP congestion avoidance mechanisms, affected senders should reduce their sending rates in response to the dropped packets.

To create a download throttling rule, proceed as follows:

On the Download Throttling tab, select an interface.

From the Bound to interface drop-down list, select the interface for which you want to create a download throttling rule.

Click New Download Throttling Rule.

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The Add Throttling Rule dialog box opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for this download throttling rule.

Limit (kbit/s): The upper limit (in Kbit) for the specified traffic. For example, if you want to limit the rate to 1 Mbit/s for a particular type of traffic, enter 1024.

Limit: Combination of traffic source and destination where the above defined limit should apply: l

shared: The limit is equally distributed between all existing connections. I.e., the overall download rate of the traffic defined by this rule is limited to the specified value.

each source address: The limit applies to each particular source address.

each destination address: The limit applies to each particular destination address.

each source/destination: The limit applies to each particular pair of source or destination address.

Traffic selectors: Select the traffic selectors for which you want to throttle the download rates. The defined limit will be divided between the selected traffic selectors.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Click Save.

The new download throttling rule appears on the Download Throttling list.

Enable the rule.

The new rule is disabled by default (toggle switch is gray). Click the toggle switch to enable the rule.The rule is now enabled (toggle switch is green).

To either edit or delete a rule, click the corresponding buttons.

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6.2.5 Advanced

Ke e p c la s s if ic a t io n a f t e r e n c a p s u la t io n

Select this checkbox if you want to make sure that after encapsulation a packet will still match the traffic selector of the original service if no other traffic selector matches.

The assignment of an encapsulated IP packet to a traffic selector works as follows:

The original IP packet is compared with the existing traffic selectors in the given order.

The packet is assigned to the first matching traffic selector (e.g., Internal -> HTTP ->

Any).

The IP packet gets encapsulated, and the service changes (e.g., to IPsec).

The encapsulated packet is compared with the existing traffic selectors in the given order.

The packet is assigned to the first matching traffic selector (e.g., Internal -> IPsec -> Any).

If no traffic selector matches, the assignment depends on the Keep classification after

encapsulation option: l

If the option is selected, the encapsulated packet will be assigned to the traffic selector found in step 1.

If the option is not selected, the encapsulated packet will not be assigned to any traffic selector and therefore cannot be part of a bandwidth pool.

Ex p lic it C o n g e s t io n N o t if ic a t io n s u p p o r t

ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) is an extension to the Internet Protocol and allows endto-end notifications of network congestion without dropping packets. ECN only works if both endpoints of a connection successfully negotiate to use it. Selecting this checkbox, the UTM will send the information that it is willing to use ECN. If the other endpoint agrees, they will exchange

ECN information. Note that the underlying network and involved routers must support ECN as well.

6.3 Uplink Monitoring

The menu Interfaces & Routing > Uplink Monitoring gives you the possibility to monitor your uplink connection and to define certain actions which will be automatically applied in case the connection status changes.

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For example, you can automatically turn on a backup VPN tunnel using another link, or disable an alias IP address so that it will trigger a monitoring service.

6.3.1 Global

On the Uplink Monitoring > Global tab you can enable or disable uplink monitoring.

To enable uplink monitoring, click the toggle switch.

The toggle switch turns green.

If uplink monitoring is enabled, the Uplink Status section shows all current uplink interfaces and their statuses: l

ONLINE: The uplink connection is established and functional.

OFFLINE: According to the monitoring, the uplink connection is defective.

DOWN: Either the uplink interface is disabled administratively, or—in case of a dynamic interface—the remote PPP or DHCP server is not reachable.

STANDBY: The interface is defined as a standby interface on the Interfaces > Uplink

Balancing tab, and it is currently not in use.

Note – If uplink balancing is enabled, the uplinks will always be monitored, even if uplink monitoring is disabled. Therefore, even if uplink monitoring is disabled, the uplink interfaces are displayed on this page when uplink balancing is enabled. In this case, the monitoring settings can be modified on the Interfaces > Uplink Balancing tab.

6.3.2 Actions

On the Interfaces & Routing > Uplink Monitoring > Actions tab you can define actions that will be automatically applied in case the uplink connection status changes. For example, you might want to disable an additional address, when your uplink connection is down.

To create a new action, do the following:

On the Actions tab, click New Action.

The dialog box Create New Action If Uplink Goes Offline opens.

Make the following settings:

Name: Enter a descriptive name for the action.

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Type: Select the connection type for which you want to define an action.

IPsec tunnel: Select this option from the drop-down list if you want to define an action for an IPsec tunnel.

Additional address: Select this option from the drop-down list if you want to define an action for an additional address.

IPsec tunnel: (Only available with Type IPsec Tunnel.) If there are any IPsec tunnels defined, you can select one of them here. For more information on IPsec tunnels see chapter Remote Access >

IPsec

Add. address: (Only available with Type Additional Address.) If there are any additional addresses defined, you can select one of them here. For more information on additional addresses see chapter Interfaces & Routing > Interfaces >

Additional Addresses

Action: You can either select Enable or Disable here, which means that, in case of an uplink interruption, the above selected IPsec tunnel or additional address is going to be enabled or disabled.

Comment (optional): Add a description or other information.

Click Save.

The action will be saved and applied in case the uplink connection is interrupted.

To either edit or delete an action, click the corresponding buttons.

6.3.3 Advanced

On the Uplink Monitoring > Advanced tab you can disable automatic monitoring of the uplink connection and define one or more hosts instead which are used for monitoring.

By default, Automatic monitoring is enabled to detect possible interface failures. This means that the health of all uplink interfaces is monitored by having them contact a specific host on the

Internet at an interval of 15 seconds. By default, the monitoring host is the third ping-allowing hop on the route to one of the root DNS servers. However, you can define the hosts for monitoring the server pool yourself. For these hosts you can select another service instead of ping, and modify the monitoring interval and timeout.

The monitoring hosts will then be contacted in certain periods and if none of them is reachable, the uplink connection is regarded as down. Subsequently, the actions defined on the Actions tab will be carried out.

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Note – Automatically, the same monitoring settings are used for both uplink monitoring

(Uplink Monitoring > Advanced) and uplink balancing (Interfaces > Uplink Balancing).

To use your own hosts for monitoring, do the following: