NXP MC44BC374T_ Multi-Standard Audio/Video Modulator Data Sheet

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Technical Data
MC44BC374T1/D
Rev. 1.2 07/2002
MC44BC374T1
MC44BC374T1
PLL Tuned PAL/NTSC
UHF and VHF Audio/
Video High Integration
Modulator IC
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
SO16NB Package
Ordering Information
Device
Temp Range
Package
MC44BC374T1D, R2
-20°C to +85°C
SO16NB
NOTE: For tape and reel, add R2 suffix.
Contents List
This modulator circuit is for use in VCRs, set-top boxes, and similar devices.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Figure 1 shows the pin connections.
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Device Overview . . . . . . 3
Maximum Ratings . . . . . 4
Thermal Rating . . . . . . . 4
Electrostatic Discharge 4
Electrical Characteristics
5
7 I2C Bit Mapping . . . . . . . 5
8 I2C Programming . . . . . 6
9 Modulator High
Frequency
Characteristics
8
10 Video Characteristics . . 9
11 Audio Characteristics . 10
12 Characterization
Measurement
Conditions
11
13 Modulator Operation . 16
14 High Speed I2C
Compatible Bus
19
15 Pin Circuit
Schematics
22
16 Application and Case
Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . 23
SCL
1
16
GNDD
SDA
2
15
VCCD
STBY
XTAL
3
14
PLLFLT
4
13
TVOVCC
GND
5
12
TVOUT
PREEM
6
11
GND
AUDIO
7
10
VCCA
SPLFLT
8
9
VIDEO
Figure 1. Pin Connection Diagram
This document contains information on a product under development.Freescale reserves the right to change or
discontinue this product without notice. © Motorola, Inc., 2002. All rights reserved.
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Features
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1 Features
The channel is set by an on-chip high-speed I2C compatible bus receiver. A Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)
tunes the modulator over the full UHF range. The modulator incorporates a sound subcarrier oscillator
and uses a second PLL to derive 4.5, 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5MHz subcarrier frequencies. These frequencies are
selectable using the bus.
The modulation standard is set to System B/G.
The picture-to-sound ratio is adjusted using the bus. In addition, an on-chip video test pattern generator can
be turned ON with a 1KHz audio test signal.
Compared with the MC44BC374C, this modulator has one IIC programming difference, a hardware
standby mode in addition to the software standby mode, and no logic output port.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Compared with the MC44BC374T, this modulator has a different start-up channel.
The MC44BC374T1 also has the following features:
•
No external varicaps diodes/inductor or tuned components
•
Channel 21-69 UHF operation
•
VHF range possible by internal dividers (30MHz–450MHz)
•
Integrated on-chip programmable UHF oscillator
•
Extremely low external components count
•
High speed I2C-bus compatible (800kHz)
•
Fixed video modulation depth (80%)
•
Peak White Clip disabled via the bus
•
Programmable picture/sound carrier ratio (12dB and 16dB)
•
Integrated on-chip programmable sound subcarrier oscillator
(4.5MHz to 6.5MHz)—No external varicaps
•
On-chip video test pattern generator with sound test signal (1kHz)
•
Low-power modulator standby mode programmable by I2C bus or
switchable by STBY pin voltage
•
Transient output inhibit during PLL Lock-up at power-ON
•
Start-up on channel ‘71’ (871.25 MHz)
•
Extremely robust ESD protection, minimum 4kV, typical 6kV
MC44BC374T1 Technical Data
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Device Overview
2 Device Overview
Figure 2 shows a simplified block diagram of the MC44BC374T1device.
The MC44BC374T1 device has three main sections:
1. A high speed I2C-compatible bus section
2. A PLL section to synthesize the UHF/VHF output channel frequency (from an integrated
UHF oscillator, divided for VHF output)
3. A modulator section, which accepts audio and video inputs, then uses them to modulates
the UHF/VHF carrier
STBY
3
VIDEO
9
I2C
Peak
White
Clip
BUS
TVOVCC
13
12
I2C BUS
TVOUT
LPF
MODULATOR
SECTION
Clamp
LPF
75Ω
SPLLFLT
8
31.25
kHz
Video
Modulator
I2C BUS
7 AUDIO
Sound
PFD
Sound
Oscillator
and FM
Modulator
Prog
Divider
LPF
Audio
Amplifier
SCL 1
SDA 2
High Speed
I2C Bus
Receiver
11 GND
5
VCO and PLL SECTION
VHF Dividers
UHF OSC
Prescaler/8
PREEM
10 VCCA
Sound
Modulator
BUS SECTION
6
ALC
FM
I2C BUS
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An on-chip video test pattern generator with an audio test signal is included. The MC44BC374T1 is
designed to operate as a B/G standard modulator. High frequency BiCMOS technology allows integration
of the UHF tank circuit and certain filtering functions.
Prog
Divider
PLL
Phase
Comp
I2C BUS
Ref Divider
/128
4MHz
XCO
31.25KHz
15
16
14
VCCD
GNDD
PLLFLT
Figure 2. MC44BC374T1 Simplified Block Diagram
MC44BC374T1 Technical Data
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4
XTAL
GND
Maximum Ratings
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3 Maximum Ratings
Sym
Vcc
Parameter
Value Unit
Supply voltage
6
V
This device contains protection circuitry to guard
against damage due to high static voltage or electric
o
fields. However, precautions must be taken to avoid
applications of any voltage higher than maximum rated
Tamin
Minimum operating ambient temperature
–20
Tamax
Maximum operating ambient temperature
85
oC
–65
oC
operation, input and output voltages should be
150
o
constrained to the ranges indicated in the
150
°C
Tstgmin Minimum storage temperature
Tstgmax Maximum storage temperature
Tj
Junction Temperature
C
C
voltages to this high impedance circuit. For proper
Recommended Operating Conditions.
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Maximum ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur. For functional operation, values
should be restricted to the Recommended Operating Condition.
Meets Moisture Sensitivity Level 1, no dry pack required
4 Thermal Rating
Sym
Rthja
Parameter
Value
Unit
140
°C/W
Min
Typ
Thermal resistance from Junction to Ambient
5 Electrostatic Discharge
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) tests are done on all pins.
Sym
Parameter
Unit
ESD
MM (Machine Model) - MIL STD 883C method 3015-7
200
500
V
ESD
HBM (Human Body Model) - MIL STD 883C method 3015-7
4000
6000
V
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Electrical Characteristics
6 Electrical Characteristics
•
A = 100% Tested
•
B = 100% Correlation tested
•
C = Characterized on samples
•
D = Design parameter
6.1 Specification Conditions
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Unless otherwise stated: Vcc=5.0V, Ambient Temperture=25o C, Video Input 1Vp-p, 10-step grayscale.
RF output into 75Ohm load. SPECIFICATIONS ONLY VALID FOR ENVELOPE DEMODULATION.
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Notes
Type
Operating supply voltage range
4.5
5.0
5.5
V
Total supply current
44
52
60
mA
All sections active
A
Total standby mode supply current
3
6
Test pattern sync pulse width
3
4.7
9
mA
Bus Section active
A
6.5
µS
B
Sound comparator charge pump current
During locking
When locked
7
0.7
10
1
12
1.5
µA
µA
A
A
RF comparator charge pump current
60
100
150
µA
A
Crystal oscillator stability—negative resistance
1
—
—
KΩ
D
STBY pin DC current
Force 5V to STBY pin
Force 0V to STBY pin
—
—
—
—
1
-10
µA
µA
A
A
B
7 I2C Bit Mapping
WRITE MODE
CA—CHIP ADDRESS
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
ACK
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
ACK
C1—High Order Bits
1
0
SO
0
PS
X3
X2
0
ACK
C0—Low Order Bits
PWC
OSC
ATT
SFD1
SFD0
0
X5
X4
ACK
FM—High Order Bits
0
TPEN
N11
N10
N9
N8
N7
N6
ACK
FL—Low Order Bits
N5
N4
N3
N2
N1
N0
X1
X0
ACK
Bit Name
Description
PWC
Peak White Clip enable/disable
OSC
UHF oscillator ON/OFF
ATT
SFD0, 1
Modulator output attenuated—sound and video modulators ON/OFF
Sound subcarrier frequency control bits
SO
Sound Oscillator ON/OFF
PS
Picture-to-sound carrier ratio
TPEN
X5…X0
N0…N11
Test pattern enable—picture and sound
Test mode bits—All bits are 0 for normal operation (see Test Mode tables, page 6 & page 7)
except “OSC” bit (normal mode is “1”)
UHF frequency programming bits, in steps of 250kHz
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I2C Programming
8 I2C Programming
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Sound
UHF
SFD1
0
SFD0
0
Sound Subcarrier Freq (MHz)
4.5
OSC
0
1
5.5
1
Normal operation
1
0
6.0
1
1
6.5
0
UHF oscillator disabled (oscillator and PLL
sections bias turned OFF)
PS
0
Picture-to-Sound Ratio (dB)
12
1
16
SO
0
1
Sound Oscillator
Sound oscillator ON (Normal mode)
ATT
UHF Oscillator
Modular Output Attenuation
0
Normal operation
1
Modulator output attenuation (sound and
video modulators sections bias turned OFF.
Video
Sound oscillation disabled (oscillator and PLL
PWC
0
Standby Mode
OSC
SO
ATT
0
1
1
Combination of 3-bits
Modulator standby mode.
1
Peak White Clip
Peak White Clip ON
Peak White Clip OFF
TPEN
Test Pattern Signal
0
Test pattern signal OFF (normal operation)
1
Test pattern signal ON (picture and sound)
WRITE MODE: Test Mode 1 and VHF Range
X2
X1
X0
State
Description
0
0
0
1.a
Normal operation
0
0
1
1.b
RF frequency divided for low frequency testing or VHF range: RF/2
0
1
0
1.c
RF/4
0
1
1
1.d
RF/8
1
0
0
1.e
RF/16
1
0
1
1.f
DC drive applied to modulators: Non-inverted video at TVOUT
1
1
0
1.g
DC drive applied to modulators: Inverted video at TVOUT
1
1
1
1.h
Transient output inhibit disabled
During this speed-up test mode, ATT=0 forces sound current source to 1µA, and
ATT=1 forces it to 10µA.
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I2C Programming
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WRITE MODE: Test Mode 2
X5
X4
X3
State
Description
0
0
0
2.a
Normal operation
0
0
1
2.b
Test pattern generator DC verification (Test pattern DC test mode available)
0
1
0
2.c
Programmable divider test
(UHF prog. div. on PLLFILT and sound prog. div. on SPLLFIL pin)
0
1
1
2.d
Reference divider test (UHF reference divider on PLLFILT pin)
1
0
0
2.e
UHF phase comparator, upper source on PLLFILT pin
Sound phase comparator 10µA upper source on SPLLFIL
(Only valid during transient output inhibit)
1
0
1
2.f
UHF phase comparator, lower source on PLLFILT pin
Sound phase comparator 10µA lower source on SPLLFIL
(Only valid during transient output inhibit)
1
1
0
2.g
Sound phase comparator 1µA upper source on SPLLFIL
(Not valid during transient output inhibit)
1
1
1
2.h
Sound phase comparator 1µA lower source on SPLLFIL
(Not valid during transient output inhibit)
NOTE:
Test modes 1 and 2 are intended for manufacturing test purpose only and
cannot be used for normal application, except for VHF range (states 1.b to
1.e)
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Modulator High Frequency Characteristics
9 Modulator High Frequency Characteristics
Unless otherwise stated: Vcc=5.0V, Ambient Temperture=25o C, Video Input 1Vp-p, 10-step grayscale.
RF inputs/outputs into 75Ohm load. SPECIFICATIONS ONLY VALID FOR ENVELOPE
DEMODULATION.
Parameter
Test Conditions
Output signal from modulator section
See Figure 3. See Note 2
TVOUT output level
Typ
Max
Unit
Type
73
74.5
77
dBµV
B
460
—
880
MHz
A
VHF range
From UHF oscillator internally divided
45
—
460
MHz
B
TVOUT output attenuation
During transient output inhibit, or when
ATT bit is set to 1. See Figure 3.
See Note 2
50
60
—
dBc
B
Sound subcarrier harmonics (Fp+n∗Fs) Reference picture carrier. See Note 2
—
63
58
dBc
C
Second harmonic of chroma subcarrier
Using red EBU bar. See Note 2
—
—
65
dBc
C
Chroma/Sound intermodulation:
Fp+ (Fsnd – Fchr)
Using red EBU bar.See Note 2
—
—
65
dBc
C
Fo (picture carrier) harmonics
2nd harmonic: CH21
3rd harmonic: CH21
Other channels: See Figure 3.
See NOTE 1. See Note 2
—
—
35
26
30
22
dBc
C
Out band (picture carrier) spurious
1/2∗Fo–1/4∗Fo–3/2∗Fo–3/4∗Fo
From 40MHz to 1GHz. See Note 2
—
0
10
dBµV
C
In band spurious (Fo ± 5MHz)
No video sound modulation.See Note 2
—
—
60
dBc
C
Note:
1: Picture carrier harmonics are highly dependant on PCB layout and decoupling capacitors.
Note:
2: See “Characterization Measurement Conditions” on page 11.
3Fo Har m o n ics
2Fo Har m onics
45
40
40
35
Typical
30
dBc
dBc
35
Typical
25
15
471
30
25
20
20
Minimum specification
521 571 621 671 721 771
Fr e q ue n cy (M hz )
15
471
821 871
75
77
70
dBc
75
721 771
821 871
60
Typical
55
Typical
50
73
72
471
621 671
65
Maximum specification
74
521 571
T V O u t p u t A t t e n u a t io n
78
76
Minimum specification
Fr e q ue n cy (M hz )
TV Output Le ve l
dBuV
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UHF oscillator frequency
Min
Minimum specification
Minimum specification
521
571 621 671 721 771 821
Fr e que ncy (M hz)
871
45
4 7 1 5 2 1 57 1 6 21 6 7 1 7 2 1 7 7 1 8 21 8 7 1
Fr e q u e n c y ( M h z )
Figure 3. Typical Performance
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Video Characteristics
10 Video Characteristics
Unless otherwise stated: Vcc=5.0V, Ambient Temperture=25o C, Video Input 1Vp-p, 10-step grayscale. RF
inputs/outputs into 75Ohm load. SPECIFICATIONS ONLY VALID FOR ENVELOPE
DEMODULATION.
Parameter
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Type
–1.5
–0.8
—
dB
C
—
—
1.5
Vcvbs
D
—
0.2
1
µA
A
500
—
—
KΩ
A
110
114
118
%
A
Using CCIR Rec.567 weighting filter
See Figure 4. See Note 2
50
53
—
dB
C
Unweighted. See Note 2
45
—
—
Differential Phase
CCIR Test Line 330, worst case from the
first 4 steps out of 5. See Note 2
–5
—
5
deg
C
Differential Gain
CCIR Test Line 310, worst case from the
first 4 steps out of 5. See Note 2
–5
—
5
%
C
Luma/Sync ratio
Input ratio 7.0:3.0
6.8/
3.2
—
7.2/
2.8
—
B
Video modulation depth
See Figure 4.See Note 2
75
81
88
%
B
Video bandwidth
Reference 0dB at 100kHz,
measured at 5MHz. See Note 2
Video input level
75Ohm load
Video input current
Video input impedance
PWC bit set to 1, see PWC section.
See Note 2
No sound modulation,100% white video
Video S/N
C
PAL V ide o M odulation De pth
Video Signal to Noise
90
58
88
56
86
84
Typical
54
%
dB
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Peak White Clip
82
52
80
50
78
76
Minimum specification
48
471 521 571 621 671 721 771 821 871
Frequency (Mhz)
Maximum specification
Typical
Minimum specification
74
471 521 571 621 671 721 771 821 871
Fr e que ncy (M hz )
Figure 4. Typical performances
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Audio Characteristics
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11 Audio Characteristics
Unless otherwise stated: Vcc=5.0V, Ambient Temperture=25o C, Video Input 1Vp-p, 10-step grayscale.
RF output into 75Ohm load. SPECIFICATIONS ONLY VALID FOR ENVELOPE DEMODULATION.
Parameter
Picture-to-Sound ratio
Test Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Type
13
9
16
12
19
15
dB
B
PS bit set to 0
PS bit set to 1
Using specific pre-emphasis circuit,
audio input level=205mVrms–audio frequency=1kHz
Audio modulation depth
FM modulation: Fs=5.5, 6 or 6.5MHz
100% modulation=±50kHz FM deviation
—
80
—
%
B
FM modulation: NTSC Fs=4.5MHz
100% modulation=±25kHz FM deviation
—
80
—
%
B
45
53
61
KΩ
A
–2.5
—
+2
dB
C
Audio Frequency response
Reference 0dB at 1kHz,
using specified pre-emphasis circuit,
measure from 50Hz to 15kHz
Audio Distortion FM (THD only)
at 1kHz, 100% modulation (±50kHz)
No video
—
0.4
2
%
C
Audio S/N with Sync Buzz FM
See Figure 4
48
53
—
dB
C
Audio Signal to Noise
58
56
54
dB
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Audio input resistance
Typical
52
50
48
Minimum specification
46
471 521 571 621 671 721 771 821 871
Frequency (Mhz)
Figure 5. Typical performances
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Characterization Measurement Conditions
12 Characterization Measurement Conditions
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Device default configuration unless otherwise specified:
•
Peak White Clip enable
•
UHF oscillator ON
•
Sound and video modulators ON
•
Sound subcarrier frequency = 5.5Mhz
•
Sound Oscillator ON
•
Picture-to-sound carrier ratio = 12dB
•
Test pattern disabled
•
All test mode bits are ‘0’
•
Frequency from channel 21 to 69
RF Inputs / Output into 75ohm Load using a 75 to 50 ohm transformation. Video Input 1V pk-pk. Audio
pre-emphasis circuit engaged.
Device and Signals Set-up
Measurement Set-up
TVOUT output level
Video: 10 steps grey scale
No audio
Measured picture carrier in dBuV with the HP8596E Spectrum Analyzer
using a 75 to 50 ohm transformation, all cables losses and transformation
pads having been calibrated.
Measurement used as a reference for other tests: TVout_Ref
TVOUT output attenuation
“ATT” bit = 1
No Video signal
No Audio signal
Measure in dBc picture carrier at “ATT”=”1” with reference to picture
carrier at “ATT”=”0”.
Sound Subcarrier Harmonics
Measure in dBc second and third sound harmonics levels in reference to
picture carrier (TVout_Ref).
Picture carrier
Sound carrier
Sound
2nd harm
Video: 10 steps grey scale
No Audio signal
Sound
3rd harm
Fo
+5.5Mhz
+11Mhz +16.5Mhz
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Characterization Measurement Conditions
Device and Signals Set-up
Measurement Set-up
Second Harmonics of Chroma subcarrier
No audio
Video: a 700mVpk-pk 100Khz sinusoidal
signal is inserted on the black level of
active video area.
Measure in dBc, in reference to picture carrier (TVout_Ref), second
harmonic of chroma at channel frequency plus 2 times chroma
frequency, resulting in the following spectrum
Picture carrier
Sound
carrier
Chroma
carrier
Frequency
Frequency
100kHz
100Khz
Chroma 2nd
Harmonic
700mVpkpk
700mV pk-pk
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Fo
+4.43Mhz +5.5Mhz
+8.86Mhz
Chroma/Sound intermodulation
No audio signal
Video: 700mVpk-pk 100Khz sinusoidal
signal inserted on the black level of
active video area.This is generated using
a Rohde & Schwarz Video Generator
SAF and inserting the required frequency
from a RF Signal generator.
Frequency
Frequency
100kHz
4.43Mhz
Measure in dBc, in reference to picture carrier (TVout_Ref),
intermodulation product at channel frequency plus the sound carrier
frequency (+5,5Mhz) minus the chroma frequency (-4,43Mhz), resulting
in the following spectrum.
Intermodulation product is at the channel frequency +1,07Mhz.
Picture carrier
Sound
carrier
Chroma
carrier
700mVpkpk
Chroma/Sound
Intermod.
700mV pk-pk
Fo
+1.07Mhz
+4.43Mhz +5.5Mhz
Picture Carrier Harmonics
Measure in dBc, in reference to picture carrier (TVout_Ref), second and
third harmonic of channel frequency, resulting in the following spectrum.
Picture carrier
2nd harmonic
3rd harmonic
No Video signal
No Audio signal
Fo
2Fo
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3Fo
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Characterization Measurement Conditions
Device and Signals Set-up
Measurement Set-up
Out of Band Spurious
Measure in dBuV spurious levels at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 times channel
frequency, resulting in the following spectrum
Measure from 40Mhz to 1Ghz.
Picture carrier
No Video signal
No Audio signal
Spurious
Fo/4
Fo/2 Fo*3/4
Fo
Fo*3/2
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In Band Spurious
No Video signal
No Audio signal
Measure in dBc, in reference to picture carrier (TVout_Ref), spurious
levels falling into video bandwidth Fo+/-5Mhz.
Video Bandwidth
No audio
Video: 600mVpk-pk sinusoidal signal
inserted on the black level of active video
area.
The Video signal is demodulated on the spectrum analyzer, and the peak
level of the 100Khz signal is measured as a reference. The frequency is
then swept from 100Khz to 5Mhz, and then the difference in dBc from the
100Khz reference level is measured.
Peak White Clip
No Audio signal.
Video: 10 step grey scale
The video modulation depth is measured for 1.0VCVBS input level,
giving modulation depth MDA. Then the same measurement is carried
out for an input level of 1.4VCVBC, giving modulation depth MDB.
The Peak White Clip is defined as 100*MDB/MDA.
Weighted Video Signal to Noise
Video: 100% White video signal - 1Vpk- The Video Analyzer measures the ratio between the amplitude of the
pk.
active area of the video signal (700mV) and the noise level in Vrms on a
No Audio signal
video black level which is show below.
This is measured using a Rohde &
VideoS/N is calculated as 20 x log(700 /N) in dB
Schwarz AMFS UHF Demodulator in B/G
(using a CCIR Rec. 567 weighting
network, 100kHz to 5MHz band with
N
sound trap and envelope detection, and
noise level in Vrms
a Rohde & Schwarz UAF Video
Analyzer.
Unweighted Video Signal to Noise
Same as above with CCIR filter disabled. Same as above.
Video Differential Phase
On line CCIR 330, the video analyzer DP measure consists of calculating
the difference of the Chroma phase at the black level and the different
chroma subcarrier phase angles at each step of the greyscale. The
largest positive or negative difference indicates the distortion.
Video: 5 step Grey Scale- 1Vpk-pk.
No Audio signal
This is measured using a Rohde &
Schwarz AMFS UHF Demodulator in B/G
the largest positive or negative difference
(using a CCIR Rec. 567 weighting
DIFF PHASE =
* 100%
the phaseat position 0
network, 100kHz to 5MHz band with
sound trap, and envelope detection, and
a Rohde & Schwarz UAF Video
Analyzer.
The video analyzer method takes the worst step from the first 4 steps.
MC44BC374T1 Technical Data
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Characterization Measurement Conditions
Device and Signals Set-up
Measurement Set-up
Video Differential Gain
On line CCIR 330 shown below, the video analyzer DG measure consists
of calculating the difference of the Chroma amplitude at the black level
and the different amplitudes at each step of the greyscale. The largest
positive or negative difference indicates the distortion.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Video: 5 step Grey Scale- 1Vpk-pk.
No Audio signal
This is measured using a Rohde &
Schwarz AMFS UHF Demodulator in B/G
(using a CCIR Rec. 567 weighting
network, 100kHz to 5MHz band with
sound trap and envelope detection, and
a Rohde & Schwarz UAF Video
Analyzer.
1
0
2
3
4
5
5-step Greyscale with Chroma subcarrier superimposed
(not to scale), line CCIR 330.
the largest positive or negative difference
DIFF GAIN =
the amplitude at position 0
* 100%
The video analyzer method takes the worst step from the first 4 steps.
Video Modulation Depth
This is measured using a HP8596E Spectrum Analyzer with a TV Trigger
option, allowing demodulation and triggering on any specified TV Line.
The analyzer is centred on the maximum peak of the Video signal and
reduced to zero Hertz span in Linear mode to demodulate the Video
carrier.
A ( 6-10mV)
A(mV)
No Audio signal
Video: 10 step grey scale
B(mV)
B (0.6 - 3mV)
TV Line Demodulated by Spectrum Analyzer-BG standard
The Modulation Depth is calculated as (A-B)/A x 100 in%
Picture to Sound ratio
Measure in dBc sound carrier in reference to picture carrier (TVout_Ref)
for “PS” bit=0 (PS=12dB typical) and for “PS” bit=1 (PS=16dB),
Picture carrier
No Video signal
No Audio Signal
“PS” bit set to 0 and 1
Sound carrier
Fo
+5.5Mhz
Audio Modulation Depth - FM Modulation
Video Black Level
Audio signal: 1Khz, 205mVrms.
This is measured using a Rohde &
Schwarz AMFS Demodulator in B/G and
a HP8903A Audio Analyzer at 1kHz
The audio signal 205mV at 1kHz is supplied by the Audio Analyzer, and
the FM demodulated signal deviation is indicated on the Demodulator in
Khz peak.
This value is then converted in% of FM deviation, based on specified
standards.
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Inc.
Characterization Measurement Conditions
Device and Signals Set-up
Measurement Set-up
Audio Frequency response
The audio signal 1KHz 100mVrms is supplied by the Audio Analyzer,
demodulated by the Demodulator and the audio analyzer measures the
Video Black Level
AC amplitude of this demodulated audio signal: this value is taken as a
Audio signal: 50Hz to 15KHz, 100mVrms
reference (0dB).
This is measured using a Rohde &
The audio signal is then swept from 50Hz to 15KHz, and demodulated
Schwarz AMFS Demodulator in B/G and
AC amplitude is measured in dB relative to the 1KHz reference.
a HP8903A.
Audio pre-emphasis and de-emphasis circuits are engaged, all audio
analyzer filters are switched OFF.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Audio Distortion FM
Audio: 1Khz, adjustable level
Video Black Level
This is measured using a Rohde &
Schwarz AMFS UHF Demodulator in B/G
and a HP8903A Audio Analyzer at 1kHz.
The output level of the Audio analyzer is
varied to obtain a deviation of 50kHz
indicated on the Demodulator.
The input rms detector of the Audio Analyzer converts the ac level of the
combined signal + noise + distortion to dc. It then removes the
fundamental signal (1kHz) after having measured the frequency. The
output rms detector converts the residual noise + distortion to dc. The dc
voltmeter measures both dc signals and calculates the ratio in% of the
two signals.
ADist = ( Distorsion + Noise ) ⁄ ( Distorsion + Noise + Signal )
Audio Signal to Noise
The Audio Analyzer alternately turns ON and OFF it's internal audio
source to make a measure of the Audio signal plus noise and then
another measure of only the noise.
Audio: 1Khz, adjustable level
The measurement is made using the internal CCIR468-2 Filter of the
Video: EBU Color Bars
Audio Analyzer together with the internal 30+/-2kHz (60dB/decade)
This is measured using a Rohde &
Schwarz AMFS Demodulator in B/G and Lowpass filters.
a HP8903A Audio Analyzer at 1kHz. The The AMFS demodulator uses a quasi-parallel demodulation as is the
case in a normal TV set. In this mode the Nyquist filter is bypassed and
output level of the Audio analyzer is
the video carrier is used without added delay to effectuate intercarrier
varied to obtain a Modulation Deviation
conversion. In this mode the phase noise information fully cancels out
of 25kHz indicated on the AMFS
and the true S/N can be measured
Demodulator.
ASN ( dB ) = 20 × log ( Signal + Noise ) ⁄ ( Noise )
MC44BC374T1 Technical Data
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Modulator Operation
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13 Modulator Operation
13.1 Power ON Settings
At power-ON, the MC44BC374T1 configuration is as follows:
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
WRITE MODE
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
ACK
C1—High Order Bits
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ACK
C0—Low Order Bits
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
ACK
FM—High Order Bits
0
0
N11
N10
N9
N8
N7
N6
ACK
FL—Low Order Bits
N5
N4
N3
N2
N1
N0
0
0
ACK
Note:
N0 to N11 are set to have UHF oscillator on channel 71 (871.25MHz).
Note:
Peak White Clip is ON.
Note:
Sound frequency is 5.5MHz.
Note:
Picture to sound ratio is 12dB.
NOTE:
This power-ON configuration is not available when modulator is switched
ON from STBY pin.
13.2 Power Supply
The three device Vccs (pins 10, 13, 15) must be applied at the same time to ensure all internal blocks are
correctly biased. All other pins must not be biased before Vcc is applied to device (except STBY pin
during hardware standby mode).
13.3 Standby modes
During standby mode, the modulator is switched to low power consumption: the sound oscillator, UHF
oscillator, video and sound modulator sections bias are internally turned OFF.
The IIC bus section remains active.
Modulator can be switched in standby mode in 2 cases:
•
Software standby mode: combination of 3 bits of IIC message:OSC=0, SO=1 and ATT=1
•
Hardware standby mode: STBY pin is set to LO state
Hardware / Software standby modes
There is an internal logical “OR” function between the hardware and software standby modes:
Hardware standby mode
Normal
Normal
Standby
Standby
Software standby mode
Normal
Standby
Normal
Standby
Modulator Mode
Normal
Standby
Standby
Standby
NOTE:
When switching from STBY=LO to STBY=HI, the modulator
configuration is not guaranteed. An IIC message has to be sent to program
the modulator.
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Modulator Operation
13.3.1 STBY Pin Levels
Modulator Mode
Normal
Standby
STBY pin state
HI
LO
STBY pin level
+5V or
high impedance
0V
A pull down resistor may be used on STBY pin in order to force an “high impedance” condition into a LO
state (i.e. standby mode condition).
13.4 Transient Output Inhibit
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
To minimize the risk of interference to other channels while the UHF PLL is acquiring a lock on the
desired frequency, the Sound and Video modulators are turned OFF for each of the following three cases:
•
Power-ON from zero (i.e., all Vcc is switched from 0V to 5V).
•
UHF oscillator power-ON from OFF state (i.e., OSC bit is switched from 0 to 1)
•
STBY pin switched from LO state to HI state
There is a time-out of 263ms until the output is enabled. This lets the UHF PLL settle to its programmed
frequency. During the 263ms time-out, the sound PLL current source is set to 10 µA typical to speed up the
locking time. After the 263ms time-out, the current source is switched to 1 µA. Use care when selecting
loop filter components, to ensure the loop transient does not exceed this delay.
For test purposes, it is possible to disable the 263ms delay using Test Mode1–State1.h.
13.5 Video Section — Peak White Clip
The modulator requires:
•
A composite video input with negative going sync pulses
•
A nominal level of 1Vp-p
This signal is AC-coupled to the video input where the sync tip level is clamped.
The video signal is then passed to a Peak White Clip circuit. The PWC circuit function is to soft-clip the
top of the video waveform if the “sync tip amplitude” to “peak white clip” goes too high. This method
avoids carrier over-modulation by the video.
Clipping can be disabled by software.
13.6 Sound Section
The multivibrator oscillator is fully integrated and does not require any external components. An internal
low-pass filter and matched structure give a very low harmonics level.
The sound modulator system consists of an FM modulator incorporating the sound subcarrier oscillator
The audio input signal is AC-coupled into the amplifier, which then drives both types of modulator.
The audio pre-emphasis circuit is a high-pass filter with an external capacitor and an internal resistor
(100kOhms). The recommended capacitor value (470pF) is for BG standard; time constant is 50 µs.
MC44BC374T1 Technical Data
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Modulator Operation
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
13.7 Test Pattern Generator
The IC generates a simple test pattern, which can be switched under bus control to permit a TV receiver to
easily tune to the modulator output. The pattern consists of two white vertical bars on a black background
and a 976Hz audio test signal.
TE2
7/10
3/10
TE1
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
0
10
20 24 2830
40 44
50
60 64
TIME IN µS.
13.8 PLL Section
The reference divider is a fixed divide-by-128, resulting in a reference frequency of 31.25KHz with a
4.0MHz crystal. The 31.25KHz reference frequency is used for both UHF and Sound PLLs.
The prescaler is a fixed divide-by-8 and is permanently engaged.
The programmable divider division-ratio is controlled by the state of control bits N0 to N11.
The divider-ratio N for a desired frequency F (in MHz) is given by:
F 128
N = --- × --------8
4
with:
N = 2048 × N11 + 1024 × N10 + …… + 4 × N2 + 2 × N1 + N0
13.9 UHF Oscillator — VHF range
The UHF oscillator is fully integrated and does not require any external components.
For low frequency testing or VHF range operation (test mode 1, states 1.b to 1.c), the UHF oscillator can
be internally divided by: 2, 4, 8, or 16.
13.10 Differences From MC44BC374C device
•
“OSC” bit programming is inverted
•
Start up channel is ‘71’ instead od ‘36’
•
Hardware standby mode is added
•
Logic Output Port is not available
•
“TB1” bit is not available (limited software compatibility with the MC44355 device)
•
Read Mode is not available
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Inc.
High Speed I2C Compatible Bus
14 High Speed I2C Compatible Bus
14.1 Specification Conditions
Unless otherwise specified, Vcc1=5.0V, TA=25 oC.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Electrical Characteristics
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Type
SDA / SCL output current at 0V
—
—
10
µA
A
SDA / SCL low input level
—
—
1.5
V
B
SDA / SCL high input level
3.0
—
—
V
B
SDA/SCL input current for input level from 0.4V to 0.3Vcc
–5
—
5
µA
C
SDA/SCL input level
0
—
Vcc+0,3
V
D
SDA/SCL capacitance
—
—
10
pF
C
ACK low output level (sinking 3mA)
—
0,3
1
V
A
ACK low output level (sinking 15mA)
—
—
1.5
V
C
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Type
Timing Characteristics
Bus clock frequency
0
—
800
kHz
C
Bus free time between stop and start
200
—
—
ns
C
Setup time for start condition
500
—
—
ns
C
Hold time for start condition
500
—
—
ns
C
Data setup time
0
—
—
ns
C
Data hold time
0
—
—
ns
C
Setup time for stop condition
500
—
—
ns
C
Hold time for stop condition
500
—
—
ns
C
Acknowledge propagation delay
—
—
300
ns
C
SDA fall time at 3ma sink I and 130pF load
—
—
50
ns
C
SDA fall time at 3ma sink I and 400pF load
—
—
80
ns
C
SDA rise time
SCL fall/rise time
—
—
—
—
300
300
ns
ns
C
C
Pulse width of spikes suppressed by the input filter
—
—
50
ns
C
14.2 Timings Definition
Tbuf
Stop
ACK
Start
Chip Address
...
SSDA
SSCL
Tsu;sto Thd;sta
...
Tsu;dat
Thd;dat
Tack:low
Start
SDA
SDA
SCL
SCL
Tsu;sta
14.3 Levels Definition
SDA
...
Vcc
Vih
Vil
0V
Stop
dead band
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Thd;sto
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
High Speed I2C Compatible Bus
14.4 High Speed I2C Compatible Bus Format
SCL
1
STA
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Chip Address ($CA)
First Data Byte (C1 or FM)
ACK
44 45
Stop
Data
ACK
ACK
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
SDA
14.5 I2C Write Mode Format and Bus Receiver
The bus receiver operates the I2C compatible data format. The chip address (I2C bus) is:
1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 (ACK) = $CA (hex) in write mode
In write mode, each ninth data bit (bits 9, 18, 27, 36, and 45) is an acknowledge bit (ACK) during which
the MCU sends a logic 1 and the Modulator circuit answers on the data line by pulling it low. Besides the
chip address, the circuit needs two (2) or four (4) data bytes for operation. The following sequences of data
bytes are the permitted incoming information:
Example 1
STA
CA
C1
C0
STO
Example 2
STA
CA
FM
FL
STO
Example 3
STA
CA
C1
C0
FM
FL
STO
Example 4
STA
CA
FM
FL
C1
C0
STO
With:
STA = Start condition
CA = Chip Address
FM = Frequency information, high order bits
FL = Frequency information, low order bits
C1 = Control information, high order bits
CO = Control information, low order bits
STO = Stop condition
After the chip address, two or four data bytes may be received.
•
If three data bytes are received, the third one is ignored.
•
If five or more data bytes are received, the fifth and following ones are ignored, and the last ACK
pulse is sent at the end of the fourth data byte.
The first and third data bytes contain a function bit, which lets the IC distinguish between frequency
information and control information. If the function bit is a logic 1, the two following bytes contain control
information. The first data byte after the chip address, may be byte CO or byte FM. The two bytes of
frequency information are preceded by a logic 0.
MC44BC374T1 Technical Data
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Pin Circuit Schematics
15 Pin Circuit Schematics
VCCD
VCCD
VCC
VCC
50
SDA
25K
1/2 VCCD
SCL
25K
1/2 VCCD
ACK
VCC
VCC
5K
STBY
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
XTAL
1.5K
VCC
VCC
50k
PREM
10k
11.8k
audio
AUDIO IN
VCC
VCC
TV OUT
VCC
5K
VCC
SPLLFLT
75
TVOVCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
100
PLLFLT
2K
10K
500
10K
Figure 6. Pin Schematics
MC44BC374T1 Technical Data
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VIDEO
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Application and Case Diagrams
16 Application and Case Diagrams
16.1 Proposed BiCMOS Modulator Application
This document contains information on a new product under development. Motorola reserves the right to change
or discontinue this product without notice.
Vcc
SDA SCL
O
O
O
Note 2
Note 3
220K
1
SCL
2
O
3
Cx
Note 1
4MHz
STBY
4
XTAL
5
GND
Pre-em
6
470pF
PREEM
7
AUDIO
8
SPLLFLT
220nF
100nF
22nF
O
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
SDA
Hi/Lo
Audio
15K
16
2.2k
22nF
GNDD
15
VCCD
14
47nF
PLLFLT
13
TVOVCC
12
10nF
O TVOUT
1nF
TVOUT
11
GND
10
VCCA
10nF
9
VIDEO
10nF
100nF
75
O
Video
O
Vcc
Note 1: Cx value depends on crystal characteristics; Cx = 27pF on Motorola application board.
Note 2: Loop Filter components must be as close as possible to pins 14 and 15
Note 3: The 220K pull down resistor set the STBY pin “open” condition to “standby mode”.
If not connected, the “open” condition is “normal mode”
Figure 7. Proposed MC44BC374T1 Application Schematic
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Freescale Semiconductor,Application
Inc. and Case Diagrams
16.2 Packaging Instructions
Tape and reel packaging per 12MRH00360A with the following conditions applicable for Dual In-Line
SOP (SOIC) package.
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Component Orientation: Arrange parts with the pin 1
side closest to the tape's round sprocket holes on the
tape's trailing edge.
16.3 Marking Instructions
:
Bar marked part way accross Pin 1 end of package.
Bar width 10 to 20 mils, length to be at least four
times Bar width. Bar placement may extend across
chamfer and dimple areas.
M44BC374T1
Pin 1 Dot or Dimple
•
1st line:
44BC374T1 for MC44BC374T1 device
(Part number coded on 10 digits)
•
2nd line:
Assembly site code AW (2 digits) followed by the
wafer lot code L (1 digit),
year Y (1 digit) and
work week WW (2 digits)
MC44BC374T1 Technical Data
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Freescale Semiconductor, Inc...
Application and Case Diagrams
Millimeters
Note:
1994.
1. Dimensions and Tolerances per ASME Y14.5M,
Max
Note:
2. Controlling dimension: Millimeters.
Note: 3. Dimension D and E1 do not include mold
protrusion.
Inches
Dim
Min
Max
Min
A
1.35
1.75
0.054
0.068
A1
0.1
0.25
0.004
0.009
D
9.8
10
0.385
0.393
E
5.8
6.2
0.229
0.244
E1
3.8
4
0.150
0.157
b
0.35
0.49
0.014
0.019
c
0.19
0.25
0.008
0.009
e
1.27 BSC
Note:
4. Maximum mold protrusion 0.15 (0.006) per side.
Note: 5. Dimension b does not include Dambar
protrusion.
Allowable Dambar protrusion shall be 0.127 (0.005)
total in excess of the b dimension at maximum material
condition.
0.050 BSC
L
0.4
1.25
0.016
0.049
h
0.25
0.5
0.010
0.019
Q
0o
7o
0o
7o
Figure 8. SO16NB Package
MC44BC374T1 Technical Data
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Freescale Semiconductor,Application
Inc. and Case Diagrams
MC44BC374T1 Technical Data
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MC44BC374T1/D
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