Capstone User Guide(UI

User's Guide

Document Number: 012-14016A

User's Guide

PASCO Capstone User's Guide

Document Number: 012-14016A

Limited Warranty

For a description of the product warranty, see the PASCO scientific catalog.

Copyright

This User's Guide is copyrighted with all rights reserved. Permission is granted to nonprofit educational institutions for reproduction of any part of this manual, providing the reproductions are used only in their laboratories and classrooms, and are not sold for profit. Reproduction under any other circumstances, without the written consent of PASCO scientific, is prohibited.

Trademarks

PASCO, PASCO scientific, PASCO Capstone, DataStudio, PASPORT, SPARK,

SPARK Science Learning System, SPARKlab, SPARKbook, SPARKvue, SPARKvue

HD, Xplorer, Xplorer GLX are trademarks or registered trademarks of PASCO scientific, in the United States and/or in other countries. All other brands, products, or service names are or may be trademarks or service marks of, and are used to identify products or services of their respective owners. For more information visit www.pasco.com/legal.

Software Licenses

All required licenses for software components of Capstone can be found on the Flash

Drive, CD-ROM, or DVD-ROM included with the product or are included in the software download. To obtain source code for GPL/LGPL licensed software components, contact PASCO scientific by phone: 1-800-772-8700 (in the U.S), +1 916 786 3800

(worldwide), or by email: [email protected]

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User's Guide

Teacher and Technical Support

For questions about PASCO Capstone and other PASCO scientific products that are not answered in the Help or User's Guide, you can contact the PASCO Teacher and Technical Support staff by phone, email, or on the Web.

Phone:

Email:

Web:

Tech Notes:

1-800-772-8700 (in the U.S.)

+1 916 786 3800 (worldwide) [email protected]

www.pasco.com/support/ www.pasco.com/support/technical-support/technote/

See "Where can I find help documentation and curriculum for PASCO Capstone?":

147

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User's Guide

Contents

PASCO Capstone User's Guide

Teacher and Technical Support

1 Tour the Interface

Tour the Menu and Toolbar

Tour the Page Tools

Tour the Tools Palette

Tour the Controls Palette

Tour the Displays Palette

Tour the Display Area

Tour Context Help

Tour the Scope

2 Getting Started

Connecting an interface

Connecting an 850 Universal or 750 USB Interface

Connecting Bluetooth Interfaces: such as the SPARKlink Air or AirLink2

Connecting a 750 SCSI or 500 serial Interface

Connecting USB PASPORT Interfaces: such as the SPARK SLS,

SPARKlink, or Power Link

Connecting an Xplorer GLX or Xplorer

Connecting a sensor

Connecting a sensor with the 850 Interface

Connecting a sensor with the 750 Interface

Connecting a sensor with the SPARK SLS, SPARKlink, SPARKlink Air

Connecting a sensor with the Xplorer GLX

Connecting a sensor with the Digital Adapter or Photogate Port

Connecting a sensor with the Analog Adapter

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User's Guide

Connecting a sensor with the AirLink2

Adding a display

Starting an experiment

Downloading Capstone experiments

3 How do I...

How do I... Installation and Update

How do I automate a network installation?

How do I force an update to an interface?

How do I... Experiment Files

How do I download and open PASCO ready-made experiments?

How do I save my experiment?

How do I export all data?

How do I open DataStudio experiments and data?

How do I open Xplorer GLX, SPARK SLS, and other non-Capstone experiments and data?

How do I import data from Microsoft Excel*?

How do I export data to Microsoft Excel*?

How do I import Xplorer GLX data?

How do I... Data and Measurements

How do I record data in PASCO Capstone?

How do I delete data runs?

How do I choose one or more runs to display?

How do I identify a measurement when I have multiple of the same type?

How do I change the numerical format of data?

How do I change the numerical format of statistics?

How do I exclude, delete, and restore selected data?

How do I edit a measurement?

How do I create a pure mathematical function?

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User's Guide

How do I... Workbooks

How do I show, hide, and lock the palettes?

How do I change what display toolbar buttons are visible?

How do I... Sensors

How do I zero a measurement?

How do I switch the sign on a sensor?

How do I calibrate a sensor?

How do I calibrate a motion sensor?

How do I calibrate a drop counter?

How do I calibrate a pH sensor?

How do I... Calculations

How do I create a calculation?

How do I use my calculation?

How do I select a measurement in the calculator?

How do I see the result of a calculation?

How do I reorder calculations?

How do I... Plots

How do I plot multiple measurements on separate plot areas with shared Xaxis?

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How do I zoom to a selection?

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How do I pan and scale?

How do I select active data?

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How do I plot multiple measurements on same plot with multiple Y-axes?

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How do I plot multiple measurements on same plot with same Y-axes?

114

How do I apply a curve fit to a portion of the data?

How do I change curve fit parameters?

How do I adjust the weights for the weighted linear fit?

How do I lock and unlock the axes of a graph?

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User's Guide

How do I change layer order of a display?

How do I... Tables

How do I reorder columns in a table?

How do I use a table to build data in Keep Mode?

How do I... Text Boxes

How do I enter subscripts, superscripts, Greek letters, and symbols?

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How do I enter an equation into a text display?

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How do I... Scope 130

How do I compare scope traces from the same sensor when monitoring?

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How do I select the scope trigger?

How do I pre-trigger?

How do I freeze and record the scope display?

How do I... Video

How do I add a video source?

How do I analyze a video?

How do I manually synchronize video with data?

How do I adjust the frame rate of a recorded video?

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How do I adjust the resolution of a video?

How do I make files with videos smaller?

How do I troubleshot video problems?

4 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

FAQ... PASCO Capstone

What is PASCO Capstone?

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Where can I find help documentation and curriculum for PASCO Capstone? 147

What are the new features in the latest PASCO Capstone?

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151 Can PASCO Capstone open DataStudio, SPARKlab, and GLX files?

Can Capstone files be opened on computers with different operating systems?

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How does Capstone compare to other PASCO applications?

FAQ... Installation and Updates

What licenses are required?

Is an MSI available for PASCO Capstone?

Do I need to update the interfaces?

Do I need to update the sensor datasheets?

FAQ... Setup

What do I need to have a complete measurement system?

Can sensors sample at different rates?

FAQ... Data files

Where is my data saved?

What is the file export format?

What is the format for text import?

FAQ... Data and Measurements

Which data is recorded?

Can sensors sample at different rates?

What is Continuous Mode?

What is Fast Monitor Mode?

Is there a way to delete data points?

Which data is active?

How are the curve fit and smoothing calculations determined?

FAQ... Calculations and Calibration

What is the format for calculations?

What are the equations for calibration?

1 Point Offset

1 Point Slope

2 Point Linear

Can multiple measurements be calibrated simultaneously?

User's Guide

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FAQ... Displays

What is panning and scaling?

Why are the display toolbars not active?

FAQ... Scope

What is the scope?

What does the Single Shot button do?

What is pre-triggering in the scope?

FAQ... Video and Text

What cameras and video formats are supported?

Why does the text color remain black after picking a color?

User's Guide

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Click to learn more

Menu and Toolbar

Page Tools

Tools Palette

Context Help

Online Videos

Controls Palette

Displays Palette

Display Area

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Tour the Menu and Toolbar



The Capstone menu includes common application functions and application specific functions. Some functions are available as toolbar buttons.

Descriptions for Capstone Menu and Toolbar functions: Tip

1

File

Menu item

Import Data...

Export Data...

Preferences

Description

Import data into the Capstone data summary.

Export collect data to a text file.

Set global preferences including: l l l l l l l

Preference File

General Application

Language

Workbook

Displays Palette

Tools Palette

Controls Palette

Edit

Icon Menu item

Undo

Redo

Cut

Copy

Paste

Description

Undo the last operation.

Tip

2

Redo an Undo operation Tip

2

Cut the selected display element

Copy the selected display element

Paste a Cut or Copied display element

1

Capstone includes descriptions within dialog boxes. Click on an item for a brief description.

2

2

The operation that will be undone is listed in the menu.

The operation that will be re-done is listed in the menu.

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Workbook

Icon Menu item

Add Page

Delete Page

Rename Page

Lock All Pages

Unlock All Pages

Edit Master Page

Workbook Page Properties

Description

Add Page To Workbook

Delete this Page

Rename Current Workbook Page

Lock all current pages for editing. Pages can still be added and will not be locked; to lock added pages, click Lock All Pages.

Unlock pages to allow editing.

Opens the Master Page Add text and graphics to appear in the background of other pages.

Set workbook preferences, including: l l l l l l

Page Name

Snap to Grid

Show Tools Palette

Show Displays Palette

Show Controls Palette

Page Shape

Display

Icon Menu item

Display

Description

Shows tools that apply to the selected display.

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Journal

Icon Menu item Description

Takes an image and places it in the journal. Select:

Take Journal snapshot |

Select snapshot mode

Snapshot Entire Workbook Page

Snapshot Workbook Page Content

Snapshot Workbook Page Display

Lists the journal snapshots and allows:

Show or hide Journal

Show or hide annotations

Print Journal

Export Journal to HTML

View full-size snapshot

Delete selected snapshot

Move selected snapshot up

Move selected snapshot down

Help

Icon Menu item Description

Opens the Capstone Help System in a separate browser. A PDF version of the User's Guide is also available from the Help System.

PASCO Capstone Help

See "Where can I find help documentation and curriculum for PASCO Capstone?": 147

About PASCO Capstone

Opens a dialog with version information and the ability enter a license key.

Delete Display

Icon Menu item

Delete Selected Display

Description

Deletes the active display on the workbook page.

Data are not affected.

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Tour the Page Tools

Tour the Page Tools

See "How do I... Workbooks": 89 .

Edit Master Page

Icon Description

Master Page Add text and graphics to appear in the background of other pages.

Properties


Change properties of current page and Tools Palette

Add Page


Adds a new page to the workbook

Drag and drop page tabs to rearrange the workbook pages.

See

"Adding a display ": 56

.

Rename / Delete


Double click to rename the page.

Deletes the current page from the workbook.

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Tour the Tools Palette


Hardware Setup


Configure interface and sensor hardware

See

"Connecting an interface": 17 .

Timer Setup


Create timers for photogates and other timing devices

Data Summary


Manage experiment data and data properties

See

"How do I... Data and Measurements": 73

.

Calibration


Calibrate sensor measurements

See

"How do I... Sensors": 92

.

Calculator


Define new data sets as functions of measurements and other data

See

"How do I... Calculations": 99 .

Signal Generator


Control interface Signal Generator output

Digital Output


Specify behavior for expansion port inputs and/or outputs

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Curve Fit Editor


Edit curve fits created in Graph displays

See

"How do I change curve fit parameters?": 118 .

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Tour the Controls Palette


The Controls Palette is used to start/stop data collection, set the data monitoring mode, set the sampling rate,delete data runs, and define Start/Stop conditions.

Record / Play Selection


Toggle between:

Recording Mode

Playback Mode

Use to switch to recording Controls Palette

Use to switch to playback Controls Palette

Record / Monitor


Capstone toggles between:

Record Begin recording all measurements from each connected sensor

Monitor Start monitoring measurements from connected sensors

Record Mode Selection


Toggle between:

Continuous

Mode

Set to record data at the current sample rate settings

Keep Mode Set to keep data points when commanded

Fast Monitor

Mode

Set to acquire data without recording; required for high speed sampling in Scope and FFT displays

See

"How do I record data in PASCO Capstone? ": 73

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Record Timer

Description

Displays the recording time as reported by the sensors in

minutes:seconds format.

Displays the recording status: Ready or Recording

Sampling Source and Sample Rate

Description

Sampling rate source: single sensor or Common Rate

Note: Common Rate is applied to all sensors. The Sample

Rate range for Common Rate is intersection of all sensor ranges.

Adjust the Sample Rate

Start / Stop Conditions


Set automatic Start/Stop conditions

Delete Runs


Delete most recent run

Delete All Runs or a specific run

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Tour the Displays Palette


Drag to page or double-click to create a display ( See "Adding a display ":

56 ).

Graph


Create a line graph to plot captured data or user defined data.

Several tools are available for graphs including statistics, curve fit, slope tool, and smoothing.

See "How do I... Plots": 106

.

Scope


Create a display that functions as a digital storage oscilloscope, which is useful for viewing measurements that oscillate rapidly in time.

See "Tour the Scope": 15

FFT


Create a spectral analysis display, which uses a Fast Fourier

Transform to measure the relative signal intensity as a function of frequency.

Histogram


Create a histogram bar graph. The height of each of the bars is proportional to the number of data that fall within the range of values that the bar represents. Several tools are available for histograms including statistics, setting bin sizes, and overlaying.

Digits

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Create a digits display to show the current data value or a statistical value.

Meter


Create a meter display to indicate the current data value (or statistical value) by the angular displacement of a needle against a dial indicator. Several meter styles are available.

Table


Create a table to list captured data or user defined data in columns.

Note: Tables are used to enter user-defined numerical or text data. Several tools are available for tables including statistics

See "How do I... Tables": 124

.

Text Box


Create a text box for explanatory text and images. The text box can be locked for editing.

Tip

1

See "How do I... Text Boxes": 127 .

Text Entry Box


Create a text entry box for user input. The input can be linked to other text entry boxes.

Tip

1

See "How do I... Text Boxes": 127 .

Image


Create a box to insert an image from a file. Note: Use the Movie icon to capture an image from an attached USB camera.)

1

Use a Text Entry Box for user student input on a locked experiment.

1

Use the linkage to present a previously entered student response on a subsequent page of the Workbook. For example, to combine all the answers on a single page.

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Movie


Create a box to insert a movie file, capture an image from a video camera or microscope connected through a USB port, record a stand-alone video using a USB webcam, or use a USB video camera as a sensor to record a movie along with other sensor data.

A special video analysis mode accessed from the toolbar provides tools for analyzing videos and image snapshots.

See "How do I... Video": 137

.

Placeholder


Create a spacer for a display to be defined at a later time or create white space.

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Tour the Display Area

Tour the Display Area

The PASCO Capstone Workbook pages facilitate quick and easy layouts and support highly flexible page designs.

Features

Drag and drop targets

Easy resize and alignment tools

QuickStart templates

See


QuickStart Templates


Easy table creation, including calculated data

Text boxes with equations copied from word processor

"How do I...

Tables": 124

"How do I... Calculations": 99

"How do I...

Text Boxes":

127

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Tour Context Help

Tour Context Help

Some items in PASCO Capstone include helpful information at the bottom of dialog windows. To see the help: Click on an item for a brief description.

Context Help Example: File Properties dialog

Click on an item for a brief description.

Information displays here.

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Tour the Scope

Tour the Scope

Overview

The scope is designed to view high-frequency oscillating data or single high-speed events that the graph display may not be able to capture.

Maximum Sampling Rate: The maximum supported sampling rate is a function of the computer-sensor interface that is connected to the computer (for example: 850 Universal

Interface → 10 MHz, ScienceWorkshop 750 → 250 kHz).

Features

Continuous Mode and Fast Monitor

Mode

Single shot

Multiple triggers

Pre-trigger

Image freeze

See

"What is Continuous Mode?": 168

"What is Fast Monitor Mode?": 169

"What does the Single Shot button do?": 178

"How do I select the scope trigger?": 131

"How do I pre-trigger?": 134

"How do I freeze and record the scope display?": 135

Toolbar


Adjust y-axis scale to fit data

Activate and control scope trigger

Stop collection after one trace

Automatically adjust sample rate based on time-axis scale

Activate to view multiple runs; Select visible run(s)

Increase trace offset

Set trace offset value to zero

Decrease trace offset

Show data coordinates and access Delta Tool

Creates a data set from active traces

Increase number of data points in trace

Decrease number of data points in trace

Add new y-axis to scope display

Remove active element or axis

Allow rearrangement of axes

Pin toolbar to display

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Properties

Show or hide tools

See



Tour the Scope

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Connecting an interface


See the following topics setting up and run a simple experiment:

"Connecting an interface": 17

"Connecting a sensor": 27


"Starting an experiment": 60

"Downloading Capstone experiments": 61

See "How do I...": 63

for detailed instructions.


Capstone software running on your computer receives data from one or more connected sensors through one or more interfaces. (At least one interface and sensor is required to collect data. (

See "What do I need to have a complete measurement system? ": 162

)

Capstone is compatible with all PASCO USB interfaces and some non-USB interfaces using a serial-to-USB convertor.

Tip

1

Automatically detect an interface

1. Connect one or more PASCO USB interfaces to the computer.

Tip

2

"Connecting an 850 Universal or 750 USB Interface":

21

"Connecting a 750 SCSI or 500 serial Interface": 24

"Connecting Bluetooth Interfaces: such as the

SPARKlink Air or AirLink2": 22

"Connecting USB PASPORT Interfaces: such as the

SPARK SLS, SPARKlink, or Power Link": 25

"Connecting an Xplorer GLX or Xplorer": 26

2. Add one or sensors. ( See

"Connecting a sensor": 27 )

1

You can add interfaces that are not connected to the computer. This is useful to author or prepare experiments in advance.

2

Interfaces can be connected to your computer with Capstone running. Capstone will automatically add recognized interfaces such as the 850 Universal Interface.

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Manually add an interface

1. Click Hardware Setup in the Tools Palette: .

Hardware Setup button



2. Add the interface if not displayed in the Hardware Setup list.

Tip

1

3. If the interface is not automatically detected, click the Choose Interface button.

4. The Choose Interface dialog opens.

1

Some PASCO interfaces, such as the PASCO 850 and SPARK, are automatically detected by Capstone when plugged in and turned on.

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Choose Interface



Click Manually Choose.

Click the interfaces to add or remove.

Optional: change the default of 1 interface to add multiple interfaces of the same type.

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Active interface indicator

Inactive interface indicator

5. Add one or sensors. ( See


Connected and added interfaces are displayed in the Hardware Setup dialog.

Note: Interfaces that are connected to the computer, powered on, and recognized by Capstone display ( ) and interfaces that are not active display ( ).

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Active and inactive interfaces and sensors in Hardware Setup

Active interface

Inactive interface (disconnected or off )

Active sensor

Inactive sensor (disconnected or off )

Next step:

"Connecting a sensor": 27

Connecting an 850 Universal or 750 USB Interface

The PASCO 850 Universal Interface includes four digital inputs, four analog ports, four PASPORT sensor ports, a 15 W function generator, dual high speed function generators.

Procedure

1. Use the A-to-mini-B USB cable to connect the smaller USB port of the 850 Interface to a USB port on your computer (or a USB hub connected to the computer).

2. Connect the AC adapter to a wall outlet and to the AC adapter port on the rear of the 850 Universal Interface.

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850 Universal Interface: USB and Power

AC adapter port

USB connector

3. Press and hold the power button ( ) until the green lights on the front flash.

850 Universal Interface: On button

4. Configure the interface for Capstone. ( See


)

5. Add sensors. (See

"Connecting a sensor with the 850 Interface": 36 )

Next step:


Connecting Bluetooth Interfaces: such as the SPARKlink Air or

AirLink2

SPARKlink Air is a sensor interface with two ports to accept PASPORT sensors and ports for the included Voltage Probe and Temperature Probe.

The SPARKlink Air interface connects to a computer or tablet device wirelessly via

Bluetooth (radio), or can also connect to a computer’s USB port with the included USB cable. The SPARKlink Air operates on battery power or can be connected to the included AC adapter. The SPARKlink Air battery can also be recharged using the USB cable connected to a USB port.

Procedure

1. Optional: Connect the AC adapter (included with the SPARKlink Air) to a wall outlet and to the AC adapter port on the bottom of the device.

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The Battery Status LED may blink red to indicate that the battery is charging through the power cable.

SPARKlink USB and power

AC adapter port

Power button

USB port

2. Connect the SPARKlink Air to the computer via bluetooth or USB.

Pairing bluetooth i. Press and hold the ON/OFF button on the SPARKlink Air.

ii. After the status LEDs blink in sequence, release the ON/OFF button.

The Bluetooth status LED will blink blue.

iii. Enable the Windows or Macintosh computer for Bluetooth communication.

USB connection i. Use an A-to-mini-B USB cable (such as PASCO part PS-2528) to connect the smaller USB port of the SPARK to a USB port on your computer (or a

USB hub connected to the computer).

ii. Press and hold the ON/OFF button on the SPARKlink Air.

iii. After the status LEDs blink in sequence, release the ON/OFF button.

The USB Status LED will shine green. The Battery Status LED may blink red to indicate that the battery is charging through the USB.

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LED status definitions

Bluetooth status

USB

Status

Battery status

Slow Blinking –

Not connected

Solid – Connected

Fast Blinking –

Sampling data

Off – Not connected

On– Connected

Solid red– Low battery

Blinking red–

Charging

Solid green–

Fully charged

3. Plug in PASPORT sensors, temperature probe, or voltage leads.

SPARKlink ports

PASPORT ports

Voltage port

Temperature port



)

Next step:


Connecting a 750 SCSI or 500 serial Interface

1. Use the A-to-mini-B USB cable (included with the 750 Interface) to connect the

USB port of the 750 Interface to a USB port on your computer (or a USB hub connected to the computer).

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2. Connect the AC adapter to a wall outlet and to the AC adapter port on the rear of the 750 Interface.

3. Turn on the interface and hold the power button.



)

5. Add sensors. ( See

"Connecting a sensor with the 750 Interface": 41

)

Next step:


Connecting USB PASPORT Interfaces: such as the SPARK SLS,

SPARKlink, or Power Link

1. Use an A-to-mini-B USB cable (such as PASCO part PS-2528) to connect the smaller USB port of the SPARK SLS or SPARKlink to a USB port on your computer (or a USB hub connected to the computer).

2. Optionally connect the AC adapter (included with the SPARK SLS and SPARKlink) to a wall outlet and to the AC adapter port on the bottom of the device.

SPARK SLS power

AC adapter port

Power button


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SPARK SLS / SPARKlink ports



PASPORT sensors

Temperature Sensor Port

Voltage port

4. SPARK SLS: Press and hold the power button until the SPARK SLS screen turns on.



)

6. SPARK SLS: The SPARK SLS states it is connected to a computer. Disconnect the SPARK SLS from the computer to use it in standalone mode.

Next step:


Connecting an Xplorer GLX or Xplorer

1. Use an A-to-mini B USB cable (included) to connect the smaller USB port of the Xplorer GLX to a USB port on your computer (or a USB hub connected to the computer).

2. Optionally, connect the included AC adapter to a wall outlet and to the AC adapter port on the right side of the Xplorer GLX.

3. If the Xplorer GLX is not on, press and hold the power button until the green LED

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Connecting a sensor on the front flashes.



)

Next step:


Connecting a sensor

Capstone software running on your computer receives data from one or more connected sensors through one or more interfaces. (At least one interface and sensor is required to collect data. (

See "What do I need to have a complete measurement system? ": 162

)

Follow these steps to connect a sensor to your computer.

1. If not already, connect or add an interface to your computer. ( See "Connecting an interface": 17 )

Note: Capstone requires an interface to communicate with the sensor.

2. Plug in one or more sensors into the interface.

Click for instructions on select interfaces



"Connecting a sensor with the SPARK SLS, SPARKlink, SPARKlink

Air": 45

"Connecting a sensor with the Xplorer GLX": 50

"Connecting a sensor with the Digital Adapter or Photogate Port": 55

"Connecting a sensor with the Analog Adapter": 56

"Connecting a sensor with the AirLink2": 56

3. Add the sensor in Capstone Tip

1

PASPORT sensor

1

You can add sensors that are not connected to the interface. This is useful to author or prepare experiments in advance.

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Note: Capstone automatically detects properly connected PASPORT sensors.

Automatically detected PASPORT sensors

To manually add a PASPORT sensor:

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a. Click within the yellow circle of the port to add a sensor.

Interface: PASPORTport indicators


Connecting a sensor b. Select the sensor to add from the drop down list.

The sensor icon appears for the port.

Sensor icon

Active: the connect line turns green when Capstone detects the sensor on an active interface. Inactive: the sensor is indicated as unconnected by a red connect line and an inactive symbol.

Analog ScienceWorkshop sensor (Universal Interface)

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Note: Capstone automatically detects Universal Interface (UI) sensors.

To add a non-connected sensor to Capstone: a. Click within the yellow circle of the port to add a sensor.

Interface: Analog Port Indicators b. Select the sensor to add from the drop down list.


Sensor icon


Digital sensor (ScienceWorkshop)

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Note: Capstone does not automatically detect most digital sensors.


Interface: Digital Port Indicators b. Select the sensor to add from the drop down list.


Sensor icon


c. Optional: to use the sensor as a timer, click Timer Setup in the Tools

Palette.

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Timer Setup button

Analog sensor (ScienceWorkshop)

Note: Capstone does not automatically detect most analog ScienceWorkshop sensors.




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Sensor icon

Analog sensors do not toggle between inactive and active and display as active (green line) even when disconnected.

Temperature sensor (SPARK SLS, SPARKlink, SPARKlink Air, and Xplorer GLX)

Note: Capstone automatically detects temperature sensors connected to the internal temperature sensor port.

To manually add a temperature sensor: a. Click within the yellow circle of the temperature port to add a temperature sensor .

Interface: Temperature port indicators two bottom circles


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Sensor icon


Voltage sensor (SPARK SLS, SPARKlink, SPARKlink Air, and Xplorer GLX)

Note: Capstone automatically detects sound sensors connected to the internal sound sensor port.

To manually add a voltage sensor: a. Click within the yellow circle of the port to add a voltage sensor.

Interface: Voltage port indicators second circle from top


012-14016A 34



Sensor icon


Sound sensor (Xplorer GLX)

Note: Capstone automatically detects voltage sensors connected to the internal voltage sensor port.

To manually add a sound sensor: a. Click within the yellow circle of the port to add a sound sensor .

Interface: Sound port indicators top circle b. Select the GLX Sound Level Sensor or the GLX Sound Sensor.


012-14016A 35



Sensor icon


Next step:

"Adding a display ": 56

Connecting a sensor with the 850 Interface

1. Plug in PASPORT sensors, digital ScienceWorkshop sensors, or analog ScienceWorkshop (black) sensors.

850 Universal Interface ports

Digital ScienceWorkshop –

4 ports

Analog ScienceWorkshop –

4 ports

PASPORT – 4 ports Tip

1

2. Add the sensor in Capstone:

PASPORT sensor


1

PASPORT sensors are automatically detected.

012-14016A 36





012-14016A 37






Sensor icon




012-14016A 38


Interface: Digital Port Indicators




Sensor icon


c. Optional: to use the sensor as a timer, click Timer Setup in the Tools

Palette.


012-14016A 39








Sensor icon




To add a non-connected sensor to Capstone:

012-14016A 40


Interface: Analog Port Indicators




Sensor icon


Next step:


Connecting a sensor with the 750 Interface

1. Plug digital ScienceWorkshop sensors or analog ScienceWorkshop (black) sensors.

012-14016A 41



750 Interface ports

Digital – 4 ports

Analog – 4 ports





Interface: Digital Port Indicators b. Select the sensor to add from the drop down list.


Sensor icon


012-14016A 42


Connecting a sensor c. Optional: to use the sensor as a timer, click Timer Setup in the Tools

Palette.







Sensor icon



012-14016A 43




To add a non-connected sensor to Capstone: a. Click within the yellow circle of the port to add a sensor.



Sensor icon


Next step:


012-14016A 44



Connecting a sensor with the SPARK SLS, SPARKlink, SPARKlink

Air

1. Plug in PASPORT sensors, temperature probe, and/or voltage leads.

SPARK ports

PASPORT – 2 ports

Temperature – 1 port

Voltage – 1 port

2. Press and hold the power button.



)


PASPORT sensor


012-14016A 45





012-14016A 46






Sensor icon


Temperature sensor



Interface: Temperature port indicators

012-14016A 47


Sensor icon




Voltage sensor



Interface: Voltage port indicators


012-14016A 48



Sensor icon


Next step:


012-14016A 49



Connecting a sensor with the Xplorer GLX


Xplorer GLX ports

PASPORT – 4 ports

Temperature – 2 ports

Voltage – 1 port

2.

3. Press and hold the power button.



)


PASPORT sensor


012-14016A 50





012-14016A 51






Sensor icon


Temperature sensor



Interface: Temperature port indicators two bottom circles

012-14016A 52


Sensor icon




Voltage sensor



Interface: Voltage port indicators second circle from top


012-14016A 53



Sensor icon


Sound sensor

Note: Capstone automatically detects voltage sensors connected to the internal voltage sensor port.

To manually add a sound sensor: a. Click within the yellow circle of the port to add a sound sensor .

Interface: Sound port indicators top circle b. Select the GLX Sound Level Sensor or the GLX Sound Sensor.


012-14016A 54



Sensor icon


Next step:


Connecting a sensor with the Digital Adapter or Photogate Port

The Digital Adapter (PASCO part PS-2159) allows any ScienceWorkshop digital sensor sensors to be connected to a PASPORT interface to be used with Capstone. It also allows the use of the ScienceWorkshop Motion Sensor (CI-6742A) and the Rotary

Motion Sensor (CI-6538).

The Photogate Port (PS-2123) is an obsolete adapter that supports switch-type sensors, but not the Rotary Motion Sensor or Motion Sensor.

Procedure

1. Connect the adapter to your PASPORT interface.

2. Connect a digital sensor to the adapter.

You can connect a switch-type sensor to either port of the adapter.

If you are connecting a Motion Sensor or Rotary Motion Sensor, connect the yellow plug to Port 1 and the black plug to Port 2.

3. A list of digital sensors and sensor configurations appears.

4. Optionally, connect a second switch-type sensor to the other port of the adapter.

5. In the list, click one of the sensors or configurations to select it.

Next step:


012-14016A 55


Adding a display

Connecting a sensor with the Analog Adapter

The Analog Adapter (PASCO part PS-2158) allows analog ScienceWorkshop sensors to be connected to a PASPORT interface to be used with Capstone.

Procedure

1. Connect the Analog Adapter to your PASPORT interface.

2. Connect an analog sensor to the adapter.

A list of sensors appears.

3. Click one of the sensors to select it.

4. Optionally, click the Gain: box and click a gain setting.

5. Click OK.

Next step:


Connecting a sensor with the AirLink2

The AirLink2 sensor interface can communicate with computers using the USB connection or the via the bluetooth interface.

Next step:



Capstone provides a highly flexible environment for workbook page layout.

Pages can be created using any combination of templates, drag and drop to targets, and moving and resizing display elements.

Use a QuickStart template

1. Click one of the provided templates.

Tip

1

1

You can add or remove display elements after you select a template.

012-14016A 56



Page layout templates

2. The selected layout appears in the Display Area

3. Click <Select Measurement> for each display.

4. Select the measurement in the drop-down list.

Note: Sensors that are inactive (not ready to collect data) appear with .

(

See "Connecting an interface": 17

and


Use drag & drop and targets

1. Click one of the display icons in the Displays Palette.

See "Tour the Displays Palette ": 10

for a description of the available display types.

2. Drag the icon to the Display Area.

3. Use the Page layout targets to quickly format the page.

Using Page layout targets

1. Drag a display icon to one of the five targets.

2. Move the cursor around open area of the page.

3. The target turns darker as you approach it and is selected when the border on the target appears.

4. Drop the icon on a selected target.

Page targets divide the available area into the following five sections: Tip

1

Note: Page targets divide either an open area or an existing display.

1

Use targets to quickly divide an existing display into two displays.

012-14016A 57



Page layout targets entire available area (not used for splitting an existing display) left half (divided vertically–left half shows darker than right) right half (divided vertically–right half shows darker than left) top half (divided horizontally–top half shows darker than bottom) bottom half (divided horizontally–bottom half shows darker than top)

4. The selected layout appears in the Display Area Tip

1

5. Add more displays noting the Page layout targets.

6. Click the <Select Measurement> button for each display.

7. Select the measurement in the drop-down list.


(


and


Moving and resizing

Capstone uses handles to move and resize individual displays on a page. Capstone includes vertical and horizontal alignment borders for easy display alignment.

Moving a display

1. Click on the display you wish to move to make it active.

1

You can add or remove display elements after you select a template.

012-14016A 58



2. Move the cursor until the border darkens and the move (hand) symbol appears.

Page layout move handle

3. Click and drag the display to new location.

Note: The alignment guides appear (dotted lines) when the display border aligns with adjacent displays.

Resizing a display

1. Click on the display to move to make it active.

2. Move the cursor to one of the eight resize handles (circle ).

Page layout resize handle

3. Click and drag the border to new position.

Note: The alignment guides appear (dotted lines) when the display border aligns with adjacent displays.

Realigning displays

1. Move the cursor between displays until the desired move border symbol appears.

012-14016A 59


Starting an experiment

Page layout realign handles

2. Click and drag the border to new position.

This action might affect multiple displays.

It might be necessary to move displays to align to a common alignment border. (

See "Moving a display": 58 )

Next step:

"Starting an experiment": 60

Starting an experiment

Capstone provides several controls in the Controls Palette for collecting data.

Pre-work

1. Connect one or more interfaces. (


)

2. Connect one or more sensors. (

See "Connecting a sensor": 27 )

3. Add one or displays. (

See "Adding a display ": 56

)


(


and


Start data collection with default settings

Note: Measurements in displays that are inactive (not ready to collect data) appear with . Additionally, the data record button turns gray if there is not at least one active interface and sensor.

( See


and


)

012-14016A 60

1. Click Record in the Controls Palette.

Record button


Downloading Capstone experiments

Capstone begins recording all available data.

Record toggles to Stop .

2. Click Stop in the Controls Palette to stop data collection.

Collected data appear in all displays of the current page.

The data run is listed in the legend for each display.

Recorded data appear on the Sensor Data Summary tab ( ) in Data Sum-

mary, and is selectable from any data display with a default name Run #%1, where %1 is an automatically generated run number.

See "How do I record data in PASCO Capstone? ": 73

for details.

Removing data runs

n n

Delete Last Run: click Delete Last Run in the Controls Palette .

Delete Selected Runs: click the down arrow next to Delete Last Run and select a specific run.

n

Delete All Runs: click the down arrow next to Delete Last Run and select Delete All Runs.

Tip

1

Note: The run data is removed from all displays, legends, and the data summary.

Click the Undo button at the top to recover the data.

Next step (optional):

"Downloading Capstone experiments": 61


PASCO provides several ready-made experiments for Capstone.

Tip

2

1

You can delete all data for the run and repeat data collection.

2

The lab might contain multiple pages including: ◇ introduction ◇ theory ◇ setup & procedures ◇ analysis ◇ conclusions

012-14016A 61



1. Go to the Capstone experiments web page: http://www.pasco.com/family/capstone-experiments/index.cfm

2. Select a subject area, for example Thermodynamics.

3. Select the Free Experiments Files tab.

4. Scroll through the list of ready-made experiments and click to download the experiment files.

5. Copy the files from your download folder to your Capstone experiments folder.

The download might contain the following: l

Capstone application files; these have a ".cap" file extension l

Editable lab guides l

Images

6. Open the *.cap file from Capstone.

a. Click File > Open Experiment....

b. Navigate to the experiment file.

c. Click Open.

012-14016A 62

3 How do I...

3 How do I...

Installation and Update

"How do I automate a network installation?": 66

"How do I force an update to an interface?": 66

Experiment Files

"How do I download and open PASCO ready-made experiments?": 67

"How do I save my experiment?": 68

"How do I export all data?": 68

"How do I open DataStudio experiments and data?": 68

"How do I open Xplorer GLX, SPARK SLS, and other non-Capstone experiments and data?": 69

"How do I import data from Microsoft Excel*? ": 69

"How do I export data to Microsoft Excel*?": 70

"How do I import Xplorer GLX data?": 71

Data and Measurements


"How do I delete data runs?": 79

"How do I choose one or more runs to display?": 79

"How do I identify a measurement when I have multiple of the same type?": 80

"How do I change the numerical format of data?": 81

"How do I change the numerical format of statistics?": 83

"How do I exclude, delete, and restore selected data?": 84

"How do I edit a measurement?": 87

"How do I create a pure mathematical function?": 87

Workbooks

"How do I show, hide, and lock the palettes?": 89

"How do I change what display toolbar buttons are visible?": 90

Sensors

"How do I zero a measurement?": 92

012-14016A 63

3 How do I...

"How do I switch the sign on a sensor?": 93

"How do I calibrate a sensor?": 94

"How do I calibrate a motion sensor?": 95

"How do I calibrate a drop counter?": 96

"How do I calibrate a pH sensor?": 97

Calculations

"How do I create a calculation? ": 99

"How do I use my calculation?": 102

"How do I select a measurement in the calculator?": 103

"How do I see the result of a calculation?": 103

"How do I reorder calculations?": 105

Plots

"How do I plot multiple measurements on separate plot areas with shared X-axis?": 107

"How do I zoom to a selection?": 108

"How do I pan and scale?": 110

"How do I select active data?": 111

"How do I plot multiple measurements on same plot with multiple Y-axes?": 113

"How do I plot multiple measurements on same plot with same Y-axes?": 114

"How do I apply a curve fit to a portion of the data?": 117

"How do I change curve fit parameters?": 118

"How do I adjust the weights for the weighted linear fit?": 119

"How do I lock and unlock the axes of a graph?": 121

"How do I change layer order of a display?": 123

Tables

"How do I reorder columns in a table?": 124

"How do I use a table to build data in Keep Mode?": 124

Text Boxes

"How do I enter subscripts, superscripts, Greek letters, and symbols?": 127

"How do I enter an equation into a text display?": 127

012-14016A 64

3 How do I...

Scope

"How do I compare scope traces from the same sensor when monitoring?": 130




Video

" How do I add a video source?": 137

"How do I analyze a video?": 138

"How do I manually synchronize video with data?": 140

"How do I adjust the frame rate of a recorded video?": 141

"How do I adjust the resolution of a video?": 141

"How do I make files with videos smaller?": 141

"How do I troubleshot video problems?": 142

012-14016A 65

3 How do I...

How do I... Installation and Update

How do I... Installation and Update


"How do I force an update to an interface?": 66

How do I automate a network installation?

You must have a valid site license to perform a network installation. PASCO Capstone uses an InstallShield installer, which packages the Windows Installer (msi) into an executable setup file: PASCO_Capstone_Setup.exe

. Both the InstallShield installer and the packaged msi can be controlled using command line switches: See InstallShield

Note 1039936 for details on the InstallShield switches and Microsoft Note 227091 for information on the msi switches.

Below is an example of a silent installation:

1. Copy the installation file PASCO_Capstone_Setup.exe

that you have either downloaded or obtained from a CD to the root directory of your hard drive “C:”.

2. Go to Start > Run…

3. Type C:/PASCO_Capstone_Setup.exe /s /v"/qb" . ( /s = installer runs silently, /v = passes the parameter that follows immediately after in quotes to the msi installer, /qb = msi runs with no modal dialog boxes.)

4. Run the software.

5. Enter your license key when prompted.

6. After the license key is accepted, copy ResourceFiles.rc

located at C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\PASCO Scientific\ResourceFiles.rc

(Windows XP) or C:\Program Data\PASCO

Scientific\ResourceFiles.rc

(Window 7) to the same location on the other computers by means of a batch copy command or other mechanism.

Contact

"Teacher and Technical Support": ii

for instructions to install on Windows 8 and

MAC.

How do I force an update to an interface?

PASCO Capstone prompts to update the interface if a new firmware version exists.

Follow these steps if an interface requires re-installing existing firmware to correct firmware corruption issues:

1. Unplug the interface from the USB port or turn it off.

2. Run PASCO Capstone.

3. Hold down CTRL + U while connecting or turning on the interface.

012-14016A 66

3 How do I...

How do I... Experiment Files


"How do I download and open PASCO ready-made experiments?": 67

"How do I save my experiment?": 68

"How do I export all data?": 68


"How do I open Xplorer GLX, SPARK SLS, and other non-Capstone experiments and data?": 69


"How do I export data to Microsoft Excel*?": 70


How do I download and open PASCO ready-made experiments?

PASCO provides several ready-made experiments for Capstone.

Tip

1

1. Go to the Capstone experiments web page: http://www.pasco.com/family/capstone-experiments/index.cfm

2. Select a subject area, for example Thermodynamics.

3. Select the Free Experiments Files tab.

4. Scroll through the list of ready-made experiments and click to download the experiment files.

5. Copy the files from your download folder to your Capstone experiments folder.

The download might contain the following: l

Capstone application files; these have a ".cap" file extension l

Editable lab guides l

Images

6. Open the *.cap file from Capstone.

a. Click File > Open Experiment....

b. Navigate to the experiment file.

c. Click Open.

1

The lab might contain multiple pages including: ◇ introduction ◇ theory ◇ setup & procedures ◇ analysis ◇ conclusions

012-14016A 67

3 How do I...


How do I save my experiment?

Click File > Save Experiment.

All of the data, displays, toolbar states and formatting are saved.

Note: Deleted data and undo history are not saved.

How do I export all data?

1. Click File > Export Data...

2. Select a file type: Text (Tab delimited) (*.txt);CSV (Comma delimited) (*.csv).

3. Navigate to the location to save the file.

4. Click Save.

How do I open DataStudio experiments and data?

PASCO Capstone can open and convert most DataStudio 1.9 files to Capstone format.

1. Click File > Open Experiment...

2. Click on the file type pull-down menu, and select: DataStudio 1.9 files (*.ds)

3. Click Open.

Capstone places each display from the DataStudio on separate Capstone workbook pages.

Each display is sized to the full page.

Each page (tab) is named with the display name.

4. Recommended: save the experiment as a Capstone file. ( See "How do I save my experiment?": 68 )

5. Re-layout the Capstone pages as desired.

To combine multiple displays on a single page: a. Resize and move the display that will contain multiple displays to create a space for additional display(s). ( See

"Moving and resizing": 58 )

b. Click on page tab containing display to move.

c. Resize the display smaller than full page.

d. Select the display border, right click and select Cut.

012-14016A 68

3 How do I...

How do I... Experiment Files e. Click on the page, right-click and select Paste.

f. Resize and move as desired.

How do I open Xplorer GLX, SPARK SLS, and other non-Capstone experiments and data?

Xplorer GLX

PASCO Capstone can open and convert most DataStudio 1.9 and Xplorer GLX files to Capstone format.

(For files resident on the Xplorer GLX: see

"How do I import Xplorer GLX data?": 71 )

1. Click File > Open Experiment...

2. Click on the file type pull-down menu, and select: GLX Files (*.glx)

3. Click Open.

4. Recommended: save the experiment as a Capstone file. ( See "How do I save my experiment?": 68 )

Xplorer and 500 Dataloggers

TBD

SPARK SLS Experiments

TBD

How do I import data from Microsoft Excel*?

Tip

1

1. Open Microsoft Excel with the file containing your data.

2. Highlight the data within one column.

3. Press CTRL + C to copy the data.

4. Open PASCO Capstone.

5. Create a Table. ( See

"Adding a display ": 56 )

6. Click on <Select Measurement> in a column.

1

Capstone supports export as tab-delimited text, which can be imported into almost any spreadsheet or data analysis program. Note that Capstone is a complete data collection, visualization, and analysis tool; therefore, it is generally easier to analyze the data in Capstone than to export to another software program for analysis.

012-14016A 69

3 How do I...


7. Select Create New > User-Entered Data.

8. Optional: Rename the measurement and give it appropriate units.

9. Click in the cell of the User-Entered Data column where you would like to have the data pasted.

10. Press CTRL + V to paste.

11. Repeat for additional columns of data.

Each column of data is a separate data set.

Imported data are listed in the User-Entered Data Summary tab ( ) of Data

Summary.

How do I export data to Microsoft Excel*?

Tip

1

Export All Data

1. Select File > Export Data...

2. Select CSV (comma delimited) as the file type.

3. Click Save.

Export Selected Data



2. Select the data that you would like to copy: n

All data: click anywhere in the table and press CTRL + A .

n

All of the data in a column: click anywhere on the heading of the column where there is no text.

n

Visible part of a table: click and drag to select data.

3. Press CTRL + C to copy data to clipboard.

4. Open Microsoft Excel*.

5. Click in a cell where you would like the data to appear.

6. Press CTRL + V to paste data.

1

Capstone supports export as tab-delimited text, which can be imported into almost any spreadsheet or data analysis program. Note that Capstone is a complete data collection, visualization, and analysis tool; therefore, it is generally easier to analyze the data in Capstone than to export to another software program for analysis.

012-14016A 70

3 How do I...


Note: You can define the format in Excel to include significant digits. (Format as Number with a defined number of decimal places.)

How do I import Xplorer GLX data?

Note: For Xplorer GLX files on the host computer: see "How do I open DataStudio experiments and data?": 68

To transfer experiments (including data files) from the Xplorer GLX to Capstone:

1. Connect the Xplorer GLX to Capstone.



3. Click the yellow file folder icon next to the Xplorer GLX: .

GLX folder icon

012-14016A 71

3 How do I...


4. Click Download All.

5. Navigate a folder and click Select Folder.

6. Click File > Open Experiment....

7. Select GLX Files (*.glx) from the file type drop down.

8. Navigate to the saved file .

9. Click Open.

Capstone opens the experiment and data for analysis and further data acquisition.

012-14016A 72

3 How do I...

How do I... Data and Measurements



"How do I delete data runs?": 79

"How do I choose one or more runs to display?": 79

"How do I identify a measurement when I have multiple of the same type?": 80

"How do I change the numerical format of data?": 81

"How do I change the numerical format of statistics?": 83



"How do I create a pure mathematical function?": 87

How do I record data in PASCO Capstone?

There are three data recording modes in PASCO Capstone. Data recording is controlled by the settings on the record tab of the Controls Palette.

Record modes

Continuous

Mode

Set to record data at the current sample rate settings

Keep Mode Set to keep data points when commanded

Fast Monitor Mode

Set to acquire data without recording; required for high speed sampling in Scope and FFT displays

Detailed Explanations

012-14016A 73

3 How do I...


Continuous Mode Set to record data at the current sample rate settings

Behavior l

All measurement Data

1 continuously records as soon as Record is clicked in the Controls Palette until the Stop is clicked (or the hardware is no longer able to process the data–at which time data collection will stop with an error message).

l

Data records at the specified sample rate(s).

See "What is Continuous Mode?": 168

Procedure

1. Select Continuous Mode in the Controls Palette.

2. Adjust the sample rates of each of the measurements:

Ensure sensors are sufficiently responsive for desired data while low enough so that the computer system can keep up with data sampling and does not generate excessive file sizes.

Sample Rate

3.

4. Click Record in the Controls Palette.

Record button

Capstone begins recording all available data.

Record toggles to Stop .

5. Click Stop in the Controls Palette to stop data collection.


1

A data set including measurement and user-defined data from sensors and time data.

012-14016A 74

3 How do I...





Keep Mode Set to keep data points when commanded

Behavior l

Manual recording mode.

l

The measurement sample rate(s) determine the rate at which data samples are

previewed (not recorded).

l

Data

1 records when and only when Keep Sample is clicked in the Controls

Palette while monitoring data.

l

One instance of all data is recorded each time Keep Sample is clicked.

Procedure

Tip: You can use a table with Keep Mode to build data for specific points. (

See "How do I use a table to build data in Keep Mode?": 124

)_

1. Select Keep Mode in the Controls Palette.

2. Adjust the sample rates of each of the measurements so that the sensors are sufficiently responsive for desired data.

Sample Rate

3. Click Preview in the Controls Palette.

Preview button

1


012-14016A 75

3 How do I...


Capstone begins monitoring data and displays previews.

Preview toggles to Stop .

Keep Sample button is active.

4. Click Keep Sample to record the data currently monitored.

One instance of all data is recorded.

Keep Sample button

5. Repeatedly click Keep Sample to record data.


6. Optional: Replace values in a table. ( See "Replacing a current value in a table":

125 .)

Note: You can replace data in tables while in preview mode for the run (before clicking Stop ).

See


to edit data after you click Stop .

7. Click Stop in the Controls Palette to stop observing the data.





012-14016A 76

3 How do I...


Fast Monitor Mode Set to acquire data without recording; required for high speed sampling in Scope and FFT displays

Behavior l

Intended for use with workbooks pages containing the FFT or Scope displays.

l

Designed for viewing periodic data or triggered transient events.

l

Monitor displays data without recording.

l

Snapshot records the monitored data.

l

Only Data

1 that is currently visible in the display is recorded each time

Snapshot is clicked.

l

Unsaved buffer data is also recorded when closing Capstone.

l

Can repeatedly monitor and record data points.

See "What is Fast Monitor Mode?": 169

Procedure

1. Select Fast Monitor Mode in the Controls Palette.


Sample Rate

3. Select one or more scope or FFT displays. ( See


Note: To record a single event, use the scope display and click the single-shot button . ( See


)

4. Click Monitor in the Controls Palette.

1


012-14016A 77

3 How do I...


Monitor button


Monitor stop button

Capstone freezes the display.

6. Scale the data to fit the data to record within the displays. ( See "How do I pan and scale?": 110 )

7. Click Snapshot in the scope toolbar.

Scope Toolbar: Snapshot

Capstone records the data.

Notes:

Only the data that is visible in the plot area is recorded as a run when Snapshot is clicked.

Recorded data appear on the sensor tab in the Data Summary tab ( ), and is selectable from any data display with a default name Monitor Run--

ScopeSnapshot%1 where %1 is an automatically generated run number.

012-14016A 78

3 How do I...


How do I delete data runs?

n n

Delete Last Run: click Delete Last Run in the Controls Palette .

Delete Selected Runs: click the down arrow next to Delete Last Run and select a specific run.

n

Delete All Runs: click the down arrow next to Delete Last Run and select Delete All Runs.

Tip

1

Note: The run data is removed from all displays, legends, and the data summary.

Click the Undo button at the top to recover the data.

How do I choose one or more runs to display?

By default, PASCO Capstone displays the last run recorded or the currently selected measurement in Replay mode.

To select a different run to display:

1. Click the pull-down arrow ( ) next to Run Selection in the toolbar.

Toolbar: Run Selection button

2. Select the run to display.

To display multiple runs:

1

You can delete all data for the run and repeat data collection.

012-14016A 79

3 How do I...


1. Click to depress Run Selection in the toolbar.

Toolbar: Run Selection button

Selected runs display simultaneous with the button is depressed.

2. Click the pull-down arrow ( ) next to Run Selection

3. Select the one or more runs to display.

in the toolbar.

How do I identify a measurement when I have multiple of the same type?

One instance of a measurement

Format for a single instance of a specific measurement:

Measurement Type (units)

Example: Force (N)

Multiple instances of measurement–one interface connected

Format for multiple instances of a specific measure with one interface connected:

Measurement Type, Port (units)

Example: Force, Ch P1 (N)

Where:

Measurement Type = Force

Port on interface = P1 (Port identifier on the interface "P1" → PASPORT sensor number 1)

Multiple instances of measurement–multiple interfaces connected

Format for multiple instances of a specific measure with multiple interfaces connected:

Measurement Type, Channel:Port (units)

Example: Force, Ch A:P1 (N)

Where:

Measurement Type = Force

012-14016A 80

3 How do I...


Channel = A (Interface identifier "A")

Port = P1 (Port identifier on the interface "P1" → PASPORT sensor number 1)

Setup with multiple interfaces

Data Summary

Force, Ch A:P1 (N)

Force, Ch A:P2 (N)

Force, Ch B:1 (N)

How do I change the numerical format of data?

Note: Changing data precision correspondingly changes the precision of statistics that use the data.

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1. Click Data Summary in the Tools Palette.

Data Summary button

3 How do I...


2. Click the Sensor Data tab .

3. Click the measurement to change.

4. Click Properties that appears to the right of the measurement.

The Properties window opens.

5. Click Numerical Format.

6. Set the desired numerical format:

Numerical Format

Number of Decimal Places

Apply Scientific Notation

Thresholds

Scientific Notation Thresholds

Description

Set the number of digits that will appear to the right of the decimal.

Select to enable Scientific Notation

Thresholds

Determines when the unit range transitions into scientific notation.

Lower Exponent

Threshold ≤

Upper Exponent

Threshold ≥

Apply limits for which the unit range transitions into scientific notation.

Apply Zero Level Thresholds


Select to enable Apply Zero Level

Thresholds

Apply the limit under which the number is considered to be zero.

7. Click OK.

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How do I change the numerical format of statistics?

Note: Changing data statistics precision correspondingly changes the precision of data.

To change the numerical format of the statistics, change the numerical format of the data on which the statistics are based.







5. Click Numerical Format.

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3 How do I...


6. Set the desired numerical format:

Numerical Format

Number of Decimal Places

Apply Scientific Notation

Thresholds

Scientific Notation Thresholds

Lower Exponent

Threshold ≤

Upper Exponent

Threshold ≥



Description

Set the number of digits that will appear to the right of the decimal.

Select to enable Scientific Notation

Thresholds

Determines when the unit range transitions into scientific notation.

Apply limits for which the unit range transitions into scientific notation.

Select to enable Apply Zero Level

Thresholds

Apply the limit under which the number is considered to be zero.

7. Click OK.

How do I exclude, delete, and restore selected data?

Note: You can create User-Entered Data to copy and edit/delete data in the list. (

See

"How do I edit a measurement?": 87 )

Table

1. Highlight cells (click one cell or click and drag across multiple cells Tip

1

).

2. Exclude Selected Data: Right-click and select Exclude Data.

3. Delete Selected Data: Right-click and select Delete Cell Data.

Note: Excluded data are masked in the data set and are not used by Capstone for data operations including display and calculations. Excluded data can be restored at any time.

Note: Deleted data are removed from the data set and the data cannot be restored at a later time. You can immediately undo a delete action by clicking Undo .

1

Click the table heading to highlight all data in the table column.

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Deleted and Excluded Data in a Table

3 How do I...


Deleted data are removed. Note the gap in time data.

Excluded data display with strikethrough.

Graph

1. Click Highlight range of points in active data in the toolbar.

Toolbar: Highlight Data button

2. Move and resize the selection rectangle as needed.

3. Exclude Selected Data: Right-click and select Exclusions > Exclude High-

lighted Data Points.

4. Delete Selected Data: Right-click and select Deletions > Delete Highlighted

Data Points.

5. Delete Excluded Data: Right-click and select Deletions > Delete ALL Excluded

Data Points.


Note: Deleted data are removed from the data set and the data cannot be

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3 How do I...

How do I... Data and Measurements restored at a later time. You can immediately undo a delete action by clicking Undo .

Deleted and Excluded Data in a Plot

Deleted data are removed.

Excluded data display with "X" marks.

To restore excluded data

Table

1. Highlight excluded cells.

Tip

1

2. Right-click and select Restored Excluded Data

Graph

1. Click Highlight range of points in active data in the toolbar.


2. Move and resize the selection rectangle as needed to highlight excluded data points.

3. Restore Selected Data: Right-click and select Exclusions > Restore Excluded

Data Points Within Highlighter's Bounds.

4. Restore All Data: Right-click and select Exclusions > Restore ALL Excluded

Data Points.

1

Click the table heading to highlight all data in the table column.

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3 How do I...


How do I edit a measurement?

Measurements cannot be edited directly in PASCO Capstone. You can create User-

Entered Data to copy and edit/delete data in the list.

Note: You can use Exclude Data to exclude selected data from analysis and Displays. ( See


)



2. Click <Select Measurement> in the first column.

3. Select the measurement you would like edit.

4. Click <Select Measurement> in the second column.

5. Select Create New > User-Entered Data.

6. Click on the top of the first column.

7. Right click and select Copy Values (or use CTRL + C ).

8. Click in the first cell of the User Data %1 (where %1 is serial number) column.

9. Right-click and select Paste Values (or use CTRL + V ).

10. Edit data in cells: a. Change values in cells as needed.

b. Highlight cells and right-click to select: Clear Values, Insert Cells, Delete

Cell Data, or Exclude Data as needed.

11. Click on User Data %1 in the column heading, select rename, and enter a meaningful name and units.


Summary.

How do I create a pure mathematical function?

Graph a purely mathematical function by defining a model

1 culation on the model within the calculator.

and then creating a cal-

Procedure

1. Create a model in the calculator.

a. Open the Calculator. ( See


) b. Right click on a new calculation line and select Insert Model Range.

1

A sequence of values within a range and a defined number of steps or step size.

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3 How do I...


The Edit Model Range Properties window opens.

c. Set the Start Value: of the range.

d. Set the End Value: of the range.

e. Select option:

Option Action

Step

Count:

Step

Size:

Set the number of values between the Start

Value and End Value.

Set the increment size between values in the range. A smaller step size will produce more values in the range and a larger step size will produce fewer values in the range.

Example Format:

{0 .. 10;100}

Start

Value: 0; End

Value: 10; Step

Count: 100

{0 .. 10;+1}

Start

Value: 0; End

Value: 10; Step

Size: 1

2. Click OK.

3. Insert an equation using the Model on a new calculation line. ( See "How do I create a calculation? ": 99 )

Calculations appear on the Calculation Data Summary tab ( ) in Data Sum-

mary, and are selectable from any data display. ( See "How do I use my calculation?": 102 )

Example in Calculator

y = {0 .. 10;100} z = sin(y)^2 w = integral([y(units)],y)

Where: y is a model z and w are functions based on model y.

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3 How do I...

How do I... Workbooks


"How do I show, hide, and lock the palettes?": 89

"How do I change what display toolbar buttons are visible?": 90

How do I show, hide, and lock the palettes?

1. Right-click anywhere in the gray area surrounding a workbook page.

Right-click in area surrounding display

2. Show/hide: click the palette that you would like to show ( ) or hide ( ).

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3 How do I...


3. Lock/unlock: click Lock Page to lock ( ) or unlock page ( ).

Locked pages: n

Displays cannot be added or removed.

n

Text Entry Box elements are active and accept user entries.

n

Displays can be scaled and panned.

How do I change what display toolbar buttons are visible?

1. Click on Visibility Menu in the display Toolbar.

Toolbar: Visibility Menu button

If the Visibility Menu button is not available: right-click anywhere in the gray

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3 How do I...

How do I... Workbooks area surrounding a workbook page and deselect Lock Page.

Right-click in area surrounding display

2. Click the buttons that you would like to show ( ) or hide ( ) on the toolbar.

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3 How do I...

How do I... Sensors


"How do I zero a measurement?": 92

"How do I switch the sign on a sensor?": 93





How do I zero a measurement?

Note: If a sensor is selected in the Controls Palette that supports zeroing, the Controls

Palette includes a Zero Sensor Now button .

Procedure

1. Connect the sensor to PASCO Capstone. ( See




3. Click on the sensor to zero.

4. Click Properties in the lower right corner of the Hardware Setup window.


5. Select option:

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These options will not appear for sensors that do not have these capabilities.

Option

Zero Sensor Measurements at Start

Zero Sensor Now

Description

Zero this sensor's measurements each time a new run is recorded.

Zero this sensor's measurements when the button is clicked.

6. Click OK.

How do I switch the sign on a sensor?

Method 1: configuring sensor (that supports sign change)

1. Click Hardware Setup in the Tools Palette: .


2. Click on the sensor to Change Sign.

3. Click Properties in the lower right corner of the Hardware Setup window.

4. The Properties window opens.

5. Click Change Sign .

This option will not appear for sensors that do not have this capability.

6. Click OK.

The sensor automatically switches the sign when recording data.

Method 2: using QuickCalc (any sensor)



2. Click <Select Measurement> and select the measurement to change sign.

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3 How do I...


3. Click QuickCalc in the toolbar.

Toolbar: QuickCalc button

A new table column is added with a default calculation that includes the selected measurement.

4. Rename the calculation to something meaningful.

5. Add a negative sign in the calculation before the measurement.

Example: ForceA=-[Force(N)]

6. Press Enter .

The new column is the opposite sign of the original measurement data.

7. Click on the units in the new column and change to something meaningful.

Calculations appear on the Calculation Data Summary tab ( ) in Data Sum-

mary, and are selectable from any data display. ( See "How do I use my calculation?": 102 )

Method 3: using Calculator (any sensor)

Use the Calculator to create a calculation that changes the sign. ( See "How do I create a calculation? ": 99 )

Example: ForceA=-[Force(N)]

Calculations appear on the Calculation Data Summary tab ( ) in Data Summary, and are selectable from any data display. ( See


)

How do I calibrate a sensor?

PASCO Capstone includes calibration wizards for many sensors.

Procedure

1. Connect the sensor to PASCO Capstone. ( See


2. Click Calibration in the Tools Palette.

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Calibration button

3 How do I...


3. Follow the instructions within Capstone.

Sensors that do not have a wizard in Capstone will not be listed.

For detailed procedures, see:




"Can multiple measurements be calibrated simultaneously?": 175

How do I calibrate a motion sensor?

1. Connect the Motion Sensor to PASCO Capstone.

See "Connecting a sensor":

27 .

2. Place a marker at one meter from the face of the motion sensor.

3. Record the distance to the marker reported by the motion sensor.


012-14016A 95


3 How do I...


5. Click the Sensor Data Summary tab .

6. Click on the Motion Sensor properties icon .

7. Divide the value in the Speed of Sound (m/s) field by the recorded distance in meters (from step 3).

8. Enter the calculated value (from step 7) in the Speed of Sound (m/s) field.

9. Click OK.

How do I calibrate a drop counter?

1. Connect the Drop Counter to PASCO Capstone. ( See "Connecting a sensor":

27 )

2. Measure the volume from the Drop Counter for 10 drops.

3. Calculate the volume per drop (divide volume from step 2 by 10).


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3 How do I...


5. Click the Sensor Data Summary tab .

6. Click on the Drop Counter properties icon .

7. Enter the calculated value (from step 3) in the Drop Volume (mL) field.

8. Click OK.

How do I calibrate a pH sensor?

Note: Simultaneous calibration is not recommended for pH, ISE, ORP, Conductivity, stainless-steel temperature sensors without insulating sleeves, or Disolved Oxygen sensors because these sensors will not read correctly if the probes are placed in the same solution simultaneously.

Equipment Required

Two aqueous pH buffer standards that bracket the pH values of interest.

Procedure

1. Connect the pH Sensor to PASCO Capstone. ( See


)

2. Click Calibration in the Tools Palette.

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Calibration button

3 How do I...


3. Choose the probes you would like to calibrate now: pHMeasurement

4. Click Next.

5. Choose the type of calibration you would like to perform: Two Standards (2

point).

6. Click Next.

7. Enter the first known pH buffer value in the Standard Value text box.

8. Rinse and dry the pH Sensor probe.

9. Place the probe in the corresponding buffer solution.

10. Stir the probe until the Current Value stabilizes.

11. Click the Set Current Value to Standard Value button.

12. Click Next.

13. Enter the second known pH buffer value in the Standard Value text box.

14. Rinse and dry off the probe.

15. Place the probe in the second buffer solution.

16. Stir the probe until the value Current Value stabilizes.

17. Click the Set Current Value to Standard Value button.

18. Click Next.

19. Click Finish.

Repeat the calibration procedure for other pH sensors using different probes.

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3 How do I...

How do I... Calculations







How do I create a calculation?

Note: Calculations appear on the Calculation Data Summary tab ( ) in Data Sum-

mary , and are selectable from any data display. ( See "How do I use my calculation?": 102 )

Tips

l

Capstone supports simple to highly-complex calculations using a combination of math functions, measurements, user-defined data, constants, and text labels including symbols.

l

Use either the keyboard or the Calculator keypad for numbers and simple operators.

l

Add parenthesis to explicitly define order of operation.

l

Multiplication is implied with adjacent arguments. Insert the * symbol to explicitly denote multiplication.

l

Type: [ to quickly insert measurements (or click Insert Data ).

Procedure

1. Click Calculator in the Tools Palette.

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Calculator button

3 How do I...


The Calculator dialog opens.

2. Use a combination of

measurements

, text, calculator functions, and numerals to create a calculation.

The calculation is displayed Calculations list.

Invalid or incomplete calculations are indicated with red font.

See


See


See


See


Example Procedure:

1 x = at + vt + x

2

2

0

Define the following equation:

1 x = at + vt + x

2

2

0

Where: x = Position (calculated) a = Acceleration (measured)

012-14016A 100

v = Velocity (measured) t = Time (measured) x

0

= initial position (user-created constant)

1. Click Calculator in the Tools Palette.

Calculator button

3 How do I...


The Calculator dialog opens.

2. Click in a new line of Calculations.

3. Create the constant x

0.

: a. Type: x b. Click xₒ, select 0 c. Type: = d. Type: 0

4. Click in a new line of Calculations

5. Type: x=1/2(

6. Type: [ (or click Insert Data ).

A pop-up list opens.

7. Select the appropriate Acceleration measurement from the drop down list.


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3 How do I...


9. Select the Time measurement from the drop down list.

10. Click x².

11. Type: + (or click + )


13. Select the appropriate Velocity measurement from the drop down list.

14. Type [ (or click Insert Data ).

15. Select the Time measurement from the drop down list.

16. Type: + (or click + )


18. Select the Constants (under Equations/Constants) measurement from the drop down list.

19. Select x

0

.

20. Click in the Units field.

21. Type: m and select m/s² from the list.

22. Press Enter or Accept .

Example Calculations

Constant1=2*3

Calc1=[Acceleration(m/s²)]^2

Γ^2=sin([Angle(rad)])

Φ=integral([Force(N)],[Time(s)])

Resultant Acceleration=sqrt(([Acceleration- x(m/s²)]^2+[Acceleration- y(m/s²)]^2+[Acceleration- z(m/s²)]^2))

How do I use my calculation?



1. Create a calculation. ( See


)

2. Click <Select Measurement> in any display.

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3 How do I...


3. Select the calculation or constant to use under Equations/Constants.

4. Select the run to display. ( See "How do I choose one or more runs to display?":

79 )

How do I select a measurement in the calculator?

Method 1

1. Position cursor for placement of measurement.

2. Click Insert Data .


3. Select the measurement from the list.

Method 2

1. Right-click anywhere within the calculation to place the measurement.

A pop-up menu opens.

2. Select Insert Data from the menu.

3. Select the measurement from the list.

Method 3

1. Position cursor for placement of measurement.

2. Enter a left-bracket “[ “.


3. Select from the measurement from the list.

How do I see the result of a calculation?



Constants Only

If the calculation uses constants (no measurements) such that the calculation evaluates to a single number, then the result of the calculation is displayed in the result status line.

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Result status line

3 How do I...


Constants can also be viewed in a table or other display, see below.

Includes Variables (measurements)

The results are calculated using MathML and are associated with data runs. Calculated data can be viewed in a table or other display.

1. Create a calculation. ( See


)

2. Click <Select Measurement> in any display.

3. Select the calculation or constant to use under Equations/Constants.

4. Select the run to display. ( See "How do I choose one or more runs to display?":

79 )

Example Calculations

Constant1=2*3




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How do I reorder calculations?

Method 1

1. Click and drag the calculation that you would like to move.

2. When the colored insert line is at the desired insertion point, release the mouse button.

Method 2

1. Click the calculation that you would like to move to select it.

2. Use the arrow keys in the Calculator window.

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How do I... Plots


"How do I plot multiple measurements on separate plot areas with shared X-axis?": 107

"How do I zoom to a selection?": 108

"How do I pan and scale?": 110


"How do I plot multiple measurements on same plot with multiple Y-axes?": 113

"How do I plot multiple measurements on same plot with same Y-axes?": 114

"How do I apply a curve fit to a portion of the data?": 117

"How do I change curve fit parameters?": 118

"How do I adjust the weights for the weighted linear fit?": 119

"How do I lock and unlock the axes of a graph?": 121

"How do I change layer order of a display?": 123

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3 How do I...


How do I plot multiple measurements on separate plot areas with shared X-axis?

Attributes of multiple plot areas

The plots share the same x-axis measurement.

The y-axes are independent.

The plots from the different measurements do not overlap.

See "How do I plot multiple measurements on same plot with multiple Y-axes?":

113

See "How do I plot multiple measurements on same plot with same Y-axes?":

114

Procedure

1. Click Add new plot area to the Graph display in the toolbar.

Toolbar: Add New Plot button

2. Click <Select Measurement> on the plot and choose the measurement for the vertical axis.

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3 How do I...


3. To delete a plot area and its corresponding plots, click on the plot area and click Remove active element, axis, or plot area .

Note: You will not be allowed to have fewer than one plot area. Use Delete

Selected Display in main toolbar to remove the display. (Scope display does not allow multiple plots.)

How do I zoom to a selection?

Zoom in

1. If multiple runs are visible, click on the symbol corresponding to the plot to zoom in the legend.

Legend: selecting the active plot

Symbol and color in legend matches plot symbol and color. Click legend to make active. (The active plot is shaded in legend and darkest in display.)

Click in the upper left corner of the legend to clear all active runs.

2. Click Data Highlighter in the toolbar.


A rectangle appears on the graph that is the same color as the target plot.

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3. Click and drag anywhere within the highlighter to move it.

4. Click and drag the handles to resize the highlighter rectangle to the area to zoom.

Selected data is highlighted in yellow.

5. Click Scale to Fit in the toolbar.

Toolbar: Scale-to-fit button

The plot zooms to the selected section.

6. Optional: Remove the highlight rectangle: a. Click the highlight rectangle b. Press Delete to remove the rectangle

Zoom out

1. Remove the highlight rectangle: a. Click the highlight rectangle b. Press Delete to remove the rectangle

2. Click Scale to Fit in the toolbar.

Toolbar: Scale-to-fit button

The plot zooms out to include all data.

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How do I pan and scale?

Panning and Scaling

Note: If the plot does not pan or scale: see "How do I lock and unlock the axes of a graph?": 121 .

Panning Moving the origin within the display. Scale does not change.

1. Click within the plot area (except for the legend) and drag the plot in any direction.

2. Release the mouse button when the origin is in the desired location.

Scaling Changing the axis scale (value between tick marks) to zoom-in or zoom-out. Origin does not change.

Click and Drag Method

1. Click on an axis to scale.

2. Drag away from origin to decrease scale (zoom-in).

3. Drag toward the origin to increase scale (zoom-out).

Scroll Wheel Method

1. Move the cursor to a location on an axis to scale.

2. Scroll back to decrease scale (zoom-in).

3. Scroll forward to increase scale (zoom-out).

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Scaling is performed on the axis at the point of the cursor.

Tip

1

Zooming around a point Changing the scale and origin around a single point.

1. Move the cursor to a location on a point to remain stationary (except for the legend).

2. Scroll back to decrease scale (zoom-in).

3. Scroll forward to increase scale (zoom-out).

How do I select active data?

By default, the last selected measurement of the last run is the active run.

To make another plot active: l

Click on the symbol corresponding to that plot in the legend ( in the example)).




To clear all active runs:

1 ◇ Place the cursor at the origin to maintain the origin point or use click and drag method. ◇ Place the cursor at the intersection of two axis to scale simultaneously.

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3 How do I...

How do I... Plots l

Click in the upper left corner of the legend ( in the example).




Toolbars (including data functions):

Toolbars are active when a single display is active, and will only apply to the active display.

For displays with multiple plots, the toolbar actions apply to the active plot within the display.

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How do I plot multiple measurements on same plot with multiple Yaxes?

Attributes of multiple Y-axes

Measurements scale independently( except for the rescaling required to make the alignment of the tick mark values on each side of the graph match up).

The order of the axes may be changed once multiple axes are created.

Plots from different measurements use the same plot area and may overlap.

See "How do I plot multiple measurements on separate plot areas with shared Xaxis?": 107

See "How do I plot multiple measurements on same plot with same Y-axes?":

114

Procedure

1. Create a graph display. ( See


2. Click Add new y-axis to active plot area . (Click multiple times to add multiple axes.)

Toolbar: Add Y-axis button

3. Click <Select Measurement> and choose the measurements for each vertical axis.

4. Optional: reorder axes:

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3 How do I...

How do I... Plots a. Click Allow rearrangement of axes and plot areas in the toolbar.

Toolbar: Rearrange Y-axes and plots button b. Drag and drop axes one at a time.

Axes can reside on the left, right, or a combination of both sides of the display.

c. Click Allow rearrangement of axes and plot areas .

Exits re-arrangement mode.

Remove an axis

Click on axis to remove. (Must not be in re-arrangement mode.)

Click Remove active element, axis, or plot area .

Toolbar: Remove button

Note: You will not be allowed to have fewer than one plot area. Use Delete Selected

Display in main toolbar to remove the display. (Scope display does not allow multiple plots.)

How do I plot multiple measurements on same plot with same Yaxes?

PASCO Capstone allows one measurement on the x (independent variable) axis and multiple measurements on the y (independent variable) axis. Y-axis labels can be placed on either side. If the measurements share the same measurement type, then the measurements can be plotted with a shared Y-axis.

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Attributes of multiple measurements with a shared Y-axis

Measurements must share the same measurement type. The shared generic Measurement Type name is displayed on the Y-axis.

Measurements scale together.

Plots from different measurements use the same plot area and may overlap.

See "How do I plot multiple measurements on separate plot areas with shared Xaxis?": 107

See "How do I plot multiple measurements on same plot with multiple Y-axes?":

113

Procedure

1. Create a graph display. ( See


2. Click <Select Measurement> and select one of the measurements to display on the vertical Y-axis.


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3 How do I...




5. Click and drag another measurement of the same measurement type to the graph display.

6. Repeat for additional sensors of same type.

The shared generic Measurement Type name is displayed on the Y-axis.

Multiple-Y-axes

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How do I apply a curve fit to a portion of the data?

1. Select the plot to fit by clicking on its corresponding symbol in the legend.




2. Click Data Highlighter in the toolbar.


A rectangle appears on the graph that is the same color as the target plot.

3. Click and drag anywhere within the highlighter to move it.

4. Click and drag the handles to resize the highlighter rectangle.

Selected data is highlighted in yellow.

5. Click the down arrow ( ) on Curve Fit .

6. Select the curve fit that you wish to apply to the selected data from the pull-down menu.

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Note: Move the highlighter rectangle to see fits for different regions. (Capstone will not simultaneously perform curve fits on two or more different regions of the same data set.)

How do I change curve fit parameters?

PASCO Capstone supports modifying curve fit parameters for high-precession fits. (Initial curve fits are usually automatic and accurate.)

Procedure

1. If not visible, show the Curve Fit Editor in the Toolbar. ( See "How do I show, hide, and lock the palettes?": 89 )

Curve Fit Editor button

2. Select the plot to fit by clicking on its corresponding symbol in the legend.

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3. Click Curve Fit Editor in the Toolbar.

4. Enter the value to modify in the Initial Guess box of the corresponding parameter.

5. Click the Lock check box ( ) next to parameter.

Locks the manual entry. Capstone will not overwrite.

6. Repeat for each parameter to modify.

7. Click the Update Fit button.

The curve fit in the graph uses the manually entered values.

Repeat steps to iteratively improve the curve fit.

To reset to default settings and unlock parameter values, click Reset.

8. Click Curve Fit Editor in the Toolbar to close the editor.

How do I adjust the weights for the weighted linear fit?

The weights for the weighted linear fit come from the errors in the data set. To define the error associated with each data value:

012-14016A 119



3 How do I...






5. Click the Errors section.

6. Define the error type and values.

Error

Type

Default

Absolute

Error

Default

Minimum

Display

Value

Default

Maximum

Display

Value

Description

Specifies the default absolute error value for this measurement and is used when Default Errors are in effect.

Sets the default minimum scale value for this measurement when it is initially selected in some data displays.

Sets the default maximum scale value for this measurement when it is initially selected in some data displays.

Error Bar

Type

Select the type of error bar to display. Choose Default Error to set the length of the error bars equal to the default absolute error of the data. Choose Percent of Value to set the length of the error bars equal to the specified percentage of each data point value. Choose

Fixed Range to set the length of the error bars to equal specific val-

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Error

Type

3 How do I...


Description ues. Choose Measurement to use a User Entered Data Set or other

Measurement to define error values for individual data points.

Resets the error settings for this measurement to defaults.

Reset

How do I lock and unlock the axes of a graph?

PASCO Capstone has several options for locking the axes of a graph from Panning and Scaling.


Lock panning or scaling from both user and data changes

1. Deselect Scaling Method . in the Display Toolbar.

Toolbar: Scaling Method button

Capstone will not scale to the data.

2. Right click on an axis and select one or both: l

Lock Axis Panning l

Lock Axis Scale

012-14016A 121

Users cannot manually pan or scale.

3. Optional: repeat for additional axes.

4. Click Show or hide tools in the Display Toolbar.


5. Deselect Scale to Fit in the list.

Users cannot scale to fit.

6. Click anywhere in Capstone to close Show or hide tools.

Lock scaling from data changes only

Deselect Scaling Method . in the Display Toolbar.

Toolbar: Scaling Method button

3 How do I...


Capstone will not scale to the data.

Lock panning or scaling from user changes only

1. Right click on an axis and select one or both: l

Lock Axis Panning l

Lock Axis Scale

Users cannot manually pan or scale.

2. Optional: repeat for additional axes.

3. Click Show or hide tools in the Display Toolbar.


012-14016A 122

3 How do I...


4. Deselect Scale to Fit in the list.

Users cannot scale to fit.

5. Click anywhere in Capstone to close Show or hide tools.

How do I change layer order of a display?

1. Click on the display to make it active. ( See


)

2. Right-click on the border of the display.

3. Select: Send To Back or Bring To Front.

Send To Back = places display at the bottom of the stack.

Bring To Front = places display at the top of the stack.

012-14016A 123

3 How do I...

How do I... Tables


"How do I reorder columns in a table?": 124

"How do I use a table to build data in Keep Mode?": 124

How do I reorder columns in a table?

1. Click on an empty part of the column header.

2. Drag until the blue column marker indicates the desired location for the column.

3. Release the mouse button.

How do I use a table to build data in Keep Mode?

Procedure

1. Create a table for the measurement to capture. (

See "Adding a display ": 56

)

2. Optional: Create User-Entered Data into one column of the table.

3. Click in the first cell to record data.

4. Select Keep Mode in the Controls Palette.


Sample Rate

6. Click Preview in the Controls Palette.

Preview button

012-14016A 124

Capstone begins monitoring data and displays previews.

Preview toggles to Stop .

Keep Sample button is active.

7. Click Keep Sample to record the data currently monitored.

One instance of all data is recorded.

The cursor advances to the next table cell.

Keep Sample button

3 How do I...


8. Repeatedly click Keep Sample to record data.


The cursor advances to the next table cell on each Keep Sample.

9. Optional: Replace values in a table. ( See "Replacing a current value in a table":

125 .)

Note: You can replace data in tables while in preview mode for the run (before clicking Stop ).

See


to edit data after you click Stop .






Replacing a current value in a table

1. While previewing data, click in the cell to change.

The current monitored value is displayed with the existing value.

012-14016A 125

3 How do I...


Replace data in table cell

Existing value

New value

Click Keep Sample to replace the existing value with the new value.

2. Click Keep Sample to replace the existing value with the new value.

The cursor advances to the next table cell.

3. Perform one of the following options: n

Continue to replace values.

n

Click in empty cell to record additional data.

n

Click Stop in the Controls Palette to stop observing the data.

Note: You can replace data in tables while in preview mode for the run

(before clicking Stop ).

See


to edit data after you click

Stop .

012-14016A 126

3 How do I...

How do I... Text Boxes


"How do I enter subscripts, superscripts, Greek letters, and symbols?": 127

"How do I enter an equation into a text display?": 127

How do I enter subscripts, superscripts, Greek letters, and symbols?

New: enter subscripts, superscripts or symbols

1. Right-click in any area that accepts text such as: text box, text entry, name, or calculator fields.

2. Select one of the following: l

Insert Superscript l

Insert Subscript l

Insert Upper Case Greek Letter l

Insert Lower Case Greek Letter l

Insert Special Character

3. Select the character to insert from the drop-down list.

Existing: subscript or superscript selected text (text and text entry boxes only)

1. Highlight existing text.

2. Right-click and select one of the following: l

Superscript Selected Text l

Subscript Selected Text

How do I enter an equation into a text display?

1. Create the equation using an application capable of exporting MathML as plain text.

2. Paste into a Text Box or Text Entry Box in PASCO Capstone. ( See "Adding a display ": 56 )

012-14016A 127

3 How do I...


Using Microsoft Word* (2007/2010)

1. Switch to MathML mode (if needed): a. Click Insert > Equation > Insert new equation.

b. Select the arrow at the lower right of the tools part of the ribbon.

Equation options button

012-14016A 128

c. Select Copy MathML to the clipboard as plain text

MathML to clipboard selection

3 How do I...

How do I... Text Boxes d. Click OK.

2. Type the equation in the programs equation editor.

3. Highlight the equation.

4. Press CTRL + C to copy.

5. Switch to a Text Box or Text Entry Box in PASCO Capstone.

6. Place the cursor and press CTRL + V to paste.

012-14016A 129

3 How do I...

How do I... Scope


"How do I compare scope traces from the same sensor when monitoring?": 130




How do I compare scope traces from the same sensor when monitoring?

1. Select one of the traces that you would like to compare with later traces by clicking on the symbol corresponding to that plot in the legend.




2. Click Snapshot in the toolbar to capture the visible trace.

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3 How do I...



3. Click Run Selection .

Multiple runs can display simultaneous when the button is depressed.

4. Click the pull-down arrow ( ) next to Run Selection in the toolbar.

Scope Toolbar: Run Selection button

5. Select the measurement trace snapshots that you would like to display.

See


How do I select the scope trigger?

Note: If the trigger button in the scope toolbar is depressed, the display of data starts when the trigger condition is satisfied. If the trigger button is not depressed, the display of data starts immediately.

The trigger in the scope applies to the rightmost measurement on the left of the scope plot area.

I. Select Measurement for Trigger:

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3 How do I...


1. Click on the measurement name on the immediate left of the scope.

Scope Trigger: Right-most measurement on left

2. Select the measurement for the trigger from the drop-down list.

–Or–

1. Click Allow rearrangement of axes in the toolbar.

Scope Toolbar: Allow rearrangement of axes

2. Click and drag the measurement to use as the trigger to the immediate left of the scope.

012-14016A 132

Scope Trigger: Right-most measurement on left

3 How do I...


II. Turn on Trigger:

1. Click Trigger in the toolbar.

Scope toolbar: Trigger button

2. Click the pull down menu of the trigger

3. Select: l

Positive Edge l

Negative Edge

A trigger indicator is displayed on the plot.

.

012-14016A 133

3 How do I...


Trigger Indicator n

Indicators point up for Positive Edge and down for Negative Edge triggers.

n

Trigger indicator color matches run color.

How do I

pre-trigger

?

Note: An 850 Universal Interface is required to use the pre-trigger functionality.

1. Click Trigger in the toolbar.

Scope toolbar: Trigger button

2. Click the pull down menu of the trigger

3. Select: l

Positive Edge l

Negative Edge

A trigger indicator is displayed on the plot.

.

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3 How do I...


Trigger Indicator n

Indicators point up for Positive Edge and down for Negative Edge triggers.

n

Trigger indicator color matches run color.

4. Pan the scope display to the right, so that the left edge of the viewing area is at the time before the trigger. ( See

"How do I pan and scale?": 110 )

How do I freeze and record the scope display?

( See


for information on Fast Monitor Mode.)

1. Select Fast Monitor Mode in the Controls Palette.


Sample Rate

3. Select one or more scope or FFT displays. ( See


Note: To record a single event, use the scope display and click the single-shot button . ( See


)

4. Click Monitor in the Controls Palette.

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3 How do I...




Monitor stop button

Capstone freezes the display.

6. Scale the data to fit the data to record within the displays. ( See "How do I pan and scale?": 110 )

7. Click Snapshot in the scope toolbar.


Capstone records the data.

Notes:



ScopeSnapshot%1 where %1 is an automatically generated run number.

012-14016A 136

3 How do I...

How do I... Video


" How do I add a video source?": 137

"How do I analyze a video?": 138

"How do I manually synchronize video with data?": 140

"How do I adjust the frame rate of a recorded video?": 141

"How do I adjust the resolution of a video?": 141

"How do I make files with videos smaller?": 141


How do I add a video source?

PASCO Capstone supports most driverless (UVC 1.1) USB video sources, which includes almost all newer web cameras, USB microscopes, and telescopes, and many older USB video sources that require drivers.

Procedure

1. Connect a driverless (UVC 1.1) USB video source, such as a web camera, microscope, or telescope.

2. Drag and drop a Movie Display from the Displays Palette to a workbook page.

( See


3. Select one of the four choices presented in the display:

Option

Open Movie

File

Definition

Use for Prerecorded QuickTime compatible videos.

Capture

Image*

Record

Explanatory

Movie*

Use to capture a still image. (Do not use for video analysis.)

Use for videos that will not be synchronized to data. (The video records without data recording.)

Record

Movie with

Synced

Data*

Use for a movie that you wish to keep synchronized to sensor data that will be recorded simultaneously. (The video records with data recording.)

*A live video is displayed in Movie Display.

Note: While recording, sound output from the camera is muted by default in order to prevent feedback loops between the microphone and computer speakers. You may

012-14016A 137

3 How do I...

How do I... Video unmute the recorder in the Movie Display properties. There are separate volume/muting controls available for playback and recording.

How do I analyze a video?

You can manually track the path of objects in any recorded or compatible pre-recorded movie.

Tips for good results

l

PASCO Capstone analyzes in two dimensions. Position the camera plane parallel to the plane of motion. (That is, point the camera perpendicular to the plane of motion.) l

Place the camera approximately at the center of the path of the object of interest.

l

Use intense lighting (such as sunlight) to avoid motion blurring that might obscure the image.

Procedure

1. Add a camera. ( See

" How do I add a video source?": 137 )

2. Add a Movie Display ( See


3. Select a type of Movie Display:

Option Definition

Open Movie

File

Capture

Image*

Use for Prerecorded QuickTime compatible videos.

Use to capture a still image. (Do not use for video analysis.)

Record

Explanatory

Movie*

Record

Movie with

Synced

Data*

Use for videos that will not be synchronized to data. (The video records without data recording.)

Use for a movie that you wish to keep synchronized to sensor data that will be recorded simultaneously. (The video records with data recording.)

*A live video is displayed in Movie Display.

If using Open Movie File, skip to step 5.

4. Prepare recording.

a. Place a physical ruler (or object of known length) in the movie scene to determine scale.

b. Ensure the plane of action is parallel to the plane of the lens of the camera.

012-14016A 138

5. Record movie.

Using Record Explanatory Movie: a. Start Recoding: click Record in the Display toolbar.

The video records without data recording.

Toolbar: Video Record button

3 How do I...

How do I... Video b. Stop Recoding: click Record in the Display toolbar.

Using Record Movie with Synced Data: a. Start Recording: click Record in the Controls Palette.

The video records with data recording.

Record button b. Stop Recording: click Stop in the Controls Palette.

6. Click Enter video analysis mode in the Display toolbar.

Toolbar: Video Analysis button

7. Select the data run to use.

8.

Optional: Change the units or length of the scale.

a. While in Video Analysis mode, click toolbar properties .

b. Click Enter video analysis mode.

012-14016A 139

3 How do I...

How do I... Video c. Modify as needed: Real World Length (Sets Real World Length In Specified

Units).

d. Modify as needed: Data Units (Sets Length Units).

9. Adjust the scale tool to match the scale of the ruler (or object of known length) in the scene.

10. Click on the object that you would like to track.

Capstone places a + at the point of click and the video will advance to the next frame.

11. Repeat until the object has been completely tracked.

The video analysis data appear on the Video Data Summary tab ( ) in the Data Summary, and are selectable from any data display.

12. Open a Display (such as a Table, Graph, or Histogram). ( See "Adding a display

": 56 )

13. Click <Select Measurement> in the display and select a video analysis measurement: l x-Position l y-Position l x-Velocity l y-Velocity l x-Acceleration l y-Acceleration

How do I manually synchronize video with data?

1. Add a Video Display. ( See


2. Open and existing video recording or record new video.

3. Add a table or graphic display with the data to use. ( See "Adding a display ":

56 )

The page contains two displays: video of experiment and numerical data.

4. Click Playback Mode in the Controls Palette.

5. Click the Play in the Controls Palette.

6. Playback the recorded data until an identifiable event occurs. (For example, the point of collision.)

7. Click Manually synchronize movie with data in the Video toolbar.

012-14016A 140

3 How do I...


8. Click View/adjust current movie playback position in the Video toolbar.

A slider appears under .

9. Adjust the video slider until the video frame corresponds to the time of the identifiable event from step 6.

10. Click Manually synchronize movie with data in the Video toolbar.

How do I adjust the frame rate of a recorded video?

Frequently high-speed or low-speed video files contain false frame rate metadata. Camera manufactures deliberately do this so that the video plays back at a easily-viewable frame rate. For PASCO Capstone to synchronize the video correctly, the video rate in the file must be accurate.

Procedure

Change frame rate metadata of the video file, using a free video editor:

1. Download and install Avidemux .

2. Right click on your video file and select Open with... .

3. Select Avidemux.

4. In Avidemux, select Video.

5. Select Frame Rate.

6. Check Use Custom Frame Rate and set the desired frame rate.

7. Save the file.

8. For adjusting the phase between the video and the data, see Tech Note #493 .

How do I adjust the resolution of a video?

The settings for all movies are 320×240×30 fps in order to keep file sizes low. A USB 2.0

camera is unlikely to drop frames at this rate. Higher resolutions or frame rates increases the probability of dropped frames.

If the camera supports higher resolutions, you may increase the resolution. ( See "How do I adjust the frame rate of a recorded video?": 141 )

How do I make files with videos smaller?

PASCO Capstone saves files as uncompressed. Select a compression codec to reduce the file size of recorded videos. The available codecs vary by computer, and some codecs may result in a movie that is not playable within PASCO Capstone.

012-14016A 141

3 How do I...


Procedure

1. Add a movie to the workbook. ( See


2. Click on properties in the video toolbar.

3. Click Movie Recording.

4. Click the Video Compression drop-down.

5. Select a video compression algorithm.

Note: The compression algorithms available depend on the operating system and the software installed by the video camera. Different compression algorithms affect different properties of the video file including frame rate and frame size.

6. Click OK.

7. Test: play the video in Capstone.

If the video no longer plays in Capstone, repeat steps and select a different algorithm.

How do I troubleshot video problems?

Dropped Frames and Automatic Synchronization

The video sensor attempts to synchronize the movie with the data. This might not work if too many operating system processes are running simultaneously. (Windows and MAC are not a real time operating systems, and modern installations might have up to hundreds of processes running. The operating system can decide to let other process to have priority, resulting in dropped frames or synchronization issues.)

To improve performance of the auto-synchronization algorithm: l

Increase the sensor sample rate within Capstone l

Terminate unused processes in the operating system l

Temporarily disable virus scanners in operating system l

Turn off the internet connection in operating system

Capture Sound Issues

Some cameras are not automatically able to assign a matching microphone. If you are missing sound:

1. Click on properties in the video toolbar.

2. Click the View/adjust current movie playback position drop-down.

012-14016A 142

3 How do I...


Choose a microphone. Some computers may not automatically choose the correct microphone. In these cases, you may select a camera and a microphone, and then choose "Save Defaults" to associate the camera and microphone.

Click OK.

3. Test video recording and playback.

If no audio, repeat steps to select a different Microphone source.

Windows Drivers

Open Device Manager: My Computer > Properties > Manage > Device Manager

> Imaging Devices

If the camera does not appear in the Device Manager, try another USB port or disconnecting and reconnecting the camera to the same USB port.

If the camera appears in the Device Manager, click on it and press the delete button, unplug and replug the device into the USB port. Install the latest device driver provided by the manufacturer if requested.

l

Devices that support the UVC (USB Video Class 1.1) standard do not need to have any special drivers installed to function in XP-SP3 or Windows Vista/7/8.

Such devices appear automatically in Device Manager shortly after being connected.

l

Older devices will need a driver installed.

l

Older 16 Bit Devices (VFW devices) are not plug and play, and will appear to still exist after they have been physically disconnected. To uninstall such devices, right click on the device in Device Manager and select “uninstall driver”

Testing in Windows

Windows Vista/Windows 7 Testing

Windows Vista/7 does not include a built-in video viewer. A simple utility that allows you to test a webcam in Windows Vista/7 can be found here: http://www.bustatech.com/webcamviewer-a-simple-viewer-for-webcam/ .

You can also use “Skype” or any other video-chat capable program to test a webcam.

Windows XP Testing

Note: SP3 (Service Pack 3) is required.

1. Close PASCO Capstone

2. Open Windows Explorer.

3. Look under Scanners and Cameras.

4. Click on the camera in use.

012-14016A 143

A window opens displaying the camera output.

5. Take a snapshot to test the camera.

3 How do I...


012-14016A 144



PASCO Capstone

"What is PASCO Capstone?": 147

"Where can I find help documentation and curriculum for PASCO Capstone?": 147

"What are the new features in the latest PASCO Capstone?": 148

"Can PASCO Capstone open DataStudio, SPARKlab, and GLX files?": 151

"Can Capstone files be opened on computers with different operating systems?": 151

"How does Capstone compare to other PASCO applications? ": 152

Installation and Updates

"What licenses are required?": 160

"Is an MSI available for PASCO Capstone?": 160

"Do I need to update the interfaces?": 161

"Do I need to update the sensor datasheets?": 161

Setup

"What do I need to have a complete measurement system? ": 162

"Can sensors sample at different rates?": 167

Data files

"Where is my data saved?": 165

"What is the file export format?": 165

"What is the format for text import?": 166

Data and Measurements

"Which data is recorded?": 167




"Is there a way to delete data points?": 170

"Which data is active?": 172

"How are the curve fit and smoothing calculations determined?": 172

012-14016A 145


Calculations and Calibration

"What is the format for calculations?": 174

"What are the equations for calibration?": 174


Displays

"What is panning and scaling?": 176

"Why are the display toolbars not active?": 177

Scope

"What is the scope?": 178


"What is pre-triggering in the scope?": 179

Video and Text

"What cameras and video formats are supported?": 180

"Why does the text color remain black after picking a color?": 180

012-14016A 146


FAQ... PASCO Capstone


"What is PASCO Capstone?": 147

"Where can I find help documentation and curriculum for PASCO Capstone?": 147

"What are the new features in the latest PASCO Capstone?": 148

"Can PASCO Capstone open DataStudio, SPARKlab, and GLX files?": 151

"Can Capstone files be opened on computers with different operating systems?": 151

"How does Capstone compare to other PASCO applications? ": 152

What is PASCO Capstone?

PASCO Capstone is a feature-rich data acquisition, visualization, and analysis program designed by PASCO scientific for advanced science education. In addition, Capstone contains the tools needed for the creation and execution of structured scientific inquiries, by allowing simple drag-and-drop integration of rich text, graphics, video, and data displays on multiple page displays called workbooks.

Capstone is completely compatible with all PASCO USB Interfaces, including the 850

Universal Interface, Xplorer GLX, SPARKlink, SPARKlink Air, SPARK SLS, USB Link and older interfaces such as the ScienceWorkshop 750 or 500.

See

"Tour the Interface": 1

Where can I find help documentation and curriculum for PASCO

Capstone?

Where can I find Capstone documentation?

PASCO Capstone is designed to be as intuitive as possible. In addition the following

Help is available:

012-14016A 147


FAQ... PASCO Capstone l

Tool Tips: hover over a button to view the associated tool tip.

Tool tips: hover over button...

l

Context Help: helpful information at the bottom of dialog windows. ( See

"Tour Context Help ": 14

) l

Online Help: searchable instructions on working with PASCO Capstone, frequently asked questions, and links to instructional videos.

Click Help > PASCO Capstone Help (or F1) l

Teacher Support: for specific questions that are not answered by these resources. ( See

"Teacher and Technical Support": ii )

What curriculum is available for Capstone?

A number of Capstone experiments designed for the 850 Universal Interface can be downloaded. ( See

"Downloading Capstone experiments": 61 )

In addition, PASCO Capstone can open and convert many DataStudio 1.9.x and GLX files. ( See


)

What videos are available for Capstone?

A number of Capstone experiments are on the PASCO http://www.youtube.com/user/pascoscientific ) channel. ( See

What are the new features in the latest PASCO Capstone?

The following features are new to version 1.1:

n

Localization (Input Method Editor support) n

Support for MacOS 10.6 + n

Histogram Display

012-14016A 148


FAQ... PASCO Capstone o Different modes: side-by-side, overlay, stacked o Statistics o Coordinates tool n

Video Analysis o Manual tracking of objects o Video analysis can be done on a movie recorded as “sensor” data or an opened movie file. Can make measurements on a “Captured” image.

n

Expansion Port Support o o o

Control the visibility of the UI 850 expansion port by clicking on the icon in upper right of Hardware Setup.

Click on an analog port and turn it into a Voltage or Peak Amplitude input. These

‘measurements’ will show up in the Data Summary under 850 Expansion Port. For the digital ports, the user can configure either an input or an output.

An input produces a State measurement and can also be used as an input for a

Custom Timer. An output can be manipulated using a new Digital Output tool that appears.

n

Journal o o o o

Two new buttons on main toolbar: one to take the Snapshot and the other to show/hide the journal.

Snapshot options include taking a snap of entire page with palettes, the white content area, or the currently selected display.

Within the journal, one can edit the title or annotation, rearrange snapshots, view full-screen, export to HTML, print, delete, etc.

The journal can also be re-sized or floated.

n

Exclusions/Deletions o Can be done either in the Table or Graph.

o o

Exclusions remove data from statistics, curve fits, and auto-scaling behavior but are still visible as and X on a graph or as stricken-through numbers in the Table display.

Deleting data eliminates the data visually and removes it from any analysis.

o

Excluded or deleted data may be recovered at any time before the Capstone workbook is closed. n

GLX File Import o

One can either use File Open, or the GLX File Management dialog you get when you click the folder icon next to a picture of the Xplorer GLX in the Hardware Setup window to import data from the Xplorer GLX into Capstone.

012-14016A 149


FAQ... PASCO Capstone n

Import/Export Data o An Import data… and Export data…options appear in the File menu, allowing the import and export of tab-delimited text. Successfully imported text will appear in the user-entered data tab of the Data Summary window.

n

User-defined error bars o

One can now set error values for individual data points. o o

One can set different positive and negative error values by specifying different measurements for positive and negative (defaults to assuming you want the same for both).

One could even use a calculation on a measurement to specify error values.

n

Customization options o

Workbook page shape options, including new default best fit.

o Can set default font size for workbook displays.

o

Application preferences, including putting your preferences in an external, shared file.

n

Improved Print quality n

Linear fits weighted based on error bar values.

n

Moving digital probes and analog sensors (via Hardware Setup) n

New Add Similar Measurement menu on graph measurement picker. The ability to add multiple measurements to the same axis has been available for drag/drop but this was not very visible to the user. This new menu item makes that more visible. For example, add eight Force measurements to the same axis. Conserves space and assures that all measurements get scaled with the same axis. The legend becomes the means for identifying what is what. Tries to match the generic measurement type and unit of measurements. n

Graph smoothing slider now has a pop-up with on/off option.

n

Graph Curve Fit button has on/off.

n

Improved and additional formatting options for the graph coordinates tool.

n

Added Peak Amplitude Sensor and Frequency Sensor to the 850 Signal Generator outputs. This feature is useful for LRC sweep of Peak Amplitude versus Frequency.

n

Added a Peak Amplitude Sensor to analog inputs for 850, which can be used simultaneously with a Voltage sensor on the same channel.

n

Added a new “special” calculation, diff, which, for a single measurement, returns a set of the current value – n th previous value.

n

Added support for the AirLink2 and SPARKLink Air.

012-14016A 150


FAQ... PASCO Capstone n

Displays can 'preview' data in when you have Start condition and Keep sampling.

n

Help (English only, initially oriented toward Tasks and Goals)

Can PASCO Capstone open DataStudio, SPARKlab, and GLX files?

Can PASCO Capstone open DataStudio files?

Yes.

PASCO Capstone can open and convert most DataStudio 1.9 files to Capstone format.

See


Can PASCO Capstone open SPARKlabs?

No.

PASCO Capstone cannot open SPARKlabs.

Can PASCO Capstone open saved GLX files?

Yes.

PASCO Capstone can open and convert most Xplorer GLX files to PASCO Capstone format.

See


Can PASCO Capstone transfer files from the Xplorer GLX?

Yes.

PASCO Capstone can transfer most Xplorer GLX files for use in Capstone.

See


Can Capstone files be opened on computers with different operating systems?

Yes.

PASCO Capstone files (.cap) that are created on either a Mac or PC can be opened on another computer running another Capstone-compatible operating system (Mac OS, Windows) with the same version or later of Capstone.

012-14016A 151



How does Capstone compare to other PASCO applications?

Specification

Availability

PASCO Part Numbers

Development Status

Supported Languages

PASCO Capstone

DataStudio

1.8.9r10

SPARKvue 2.0

Computer version: www.pasco.com

www.pasco.com

UI-5400

UI-5401

Active

English español de

América latina

(Latin American

Spanish)

简体字 (Simplified Chinese) le français

(French)

ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا (Arabic) www.pasco.com

CI-6870

CI-6859C

Pad version:

Apple App Store /

Google Play Store

Computer version:

PS-2400

PS-2401

CI-6871

Inactive

ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا (Arabic)

Pad version: N/A

Active

English

簡體字 (Traditional Chinese)

Dansk (Danish)

Deutsch (German)

简体字 (Simplified Chinese)

Dansk (Danish)

English español de

América latina

(Latin American

Spanish)

Suomi (Finnish) le français

(French) español de

México (Mexican

Spanish)

Deutsch (German) español castellano (Spanish) italiano (Italian) français canadien

(Canadian

French)

J日本語 (Japanese) le français

(French)

Norsk (Norwegian) italiano (Italian) português brasileiro

(Brazilian Portugese)

Nederlands

(Dutch)

Norsk (Norwegian)

Русский (Russian) español casportuguês brasileiro

(Brazilian Por-

012-14016A 152



Specification

SUPPORTED OPERATING

SYSTEMS

INTENDED AUDIENCE

PASCO Capstone

DataStudio

1.8.9r10

SPARKvue 2.0

tugese) português de Portugal (Portugese)

Suomi (Finnish)

Svenska

(Swedish)

Türk (Turkish)

Český (Czech) tellano (Spanish)

Svenska

(Swedish)

Türk (Turkish)

Русский (Russian)

Казак (Kazakh)

ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا (Arabic)

簡體字 (Traditional Chinese)

简体字 (Simplified Chinese)

J日本語 (Japanese)

한 국 의 (Korean)

ไ ท ย (Thai)

Windows XP 32bit

Windows XP 32bit

MacOS 10.6-10.8

Windows XP 32bit

Windows 7 32/64bit

Windows 8 32/64bit

Windows 7 32/64bit (requires special installation)

MacOS 9.x, 10.7

Windows 7 32/64bit

Windows 8 32/64bit

MacOS 10.5-10.8

Apple iOS 5.1

Apple iOS 6.0

Post-secondary /

Advanced High-

School Science

Educators

Post-secondary /

Advanced High-

School Science

Educators

Android

Elementary/Middle

School/ Introductory Secondary Science

012-14016A 153



Specification

PASCO Capstone

DataStudio

1.8.9r10

SPARKvue 2.0

Supported Hardware

PASPORT

PS-2100(A) USB Link

PS-2001 PowerLink

PS-2009 SPARKlink

PS-2000 Xplorer

PS-2002 Xplorer GLX External

Sensors

PS-2002 Xplorer GLX Sound/

Sound Level

PS-2008(A) SPARK SLS

WIRELESS

PS-2005 AirLink SI

PS-2010 AirLink2

PS-2011 SPARKLink Air

Universal (PASPORT/ScienceWorkshop)

UI-5000 850 interface

ScienceWorkshop

ScienceWorkshop 300

CI-6760 ScienceWorkshop

500


700

YES

YES

YES

ACQUIRE ONLY

YES

YES

ACQUIRE ONLY

NO

YES

YES

YES

NO

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

NO via CI-6759A only Serial / CI-6759A

NO

YES

YES

YES

NO

YES

YES


750 –SCSI via CI-6759A only

SCSI / Serial /

CI-6759A


750 – USB

GENERIC DEVICES

USB video cameras

YES

YES

YES

Microphones

850 or SW750

+ sound sensor

YES

YES

YES

YES

ACQUIRE ONLY

NO

ACQUIRE ONLY

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

Waveport + Builtin Microphone /

ScienceWorkshop 750 + sound sensor

YES

Computer version:

YES

Pad version:

As part of video sensor only

THIRD-PARTY HARDWARE

Ocean Optics Red

Tide/Amadeus/ USB 2000 or

4000 spectrometers

NO NO

Educators

Computer version:

YES

Pad version:

NO

012-14016A 154



Specification

Ohaus Scout Pro balances

Software Features

ACQUISITION

Timer Wizards

Independent sampling rates

Per-page sample rates

Directly Import Data From

SPARK SLS

Directly Import Data From

Xplorer GLX

EXPORT

Copy & Paste

PASCO Capstone

NO

YES

YES

YES

NO

YES

DataStudio

1.8.9r10

YES

NO

YES

NO

NO

YES

SPARKvue 2.0

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

Menu Option

From Table

All Measurements

From Summary

One Measurement

NO

All Measurements

IMPORT

Copy & Paste

Menu Option

CALIBRATION

To Table

YES

To Summary

YES

NO

NO

Calibration

Calibration types

Ability to return to factory defaults.

Analysis

Calculations

Immediate evaluation of constant expressions

Reorder calculations

Right-click selection of measurements

Right-click selection of models

Right-click selection of functions

Right-click selection of symbols

Right-click selection of sub-

/superscripts

Curve Fits

Standard Fits

ScienceWorkshop & select PASPORT

Sensors

ScienceWorkshop & select PASPORT

Sensors

1 pt slope, 1 pt offset, 2 pt linear


Select PASPORT

Sensors


YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

NO

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

012-14016A 155



Specification

Error-weighted Linear Fit

Editable Initial Guesses

Lockable Parameters

User-Defined Functions

Data Manipulation

Delete Data

Exclude Data

DISPLAYS

Virtual Oscilloscope Display

Fast Fourier Transform

Automatic video synching

Re-title displays.

X-Y GRAPH

QuickCalc

Smooth in place

Zooming with the scroll wheel

Snap to origin when panning.

Click/Touch & drag panning

Select measurements from graph labels

Multiple y-axis measurements

Manage y axes

Prediction Tool

Copy a portion of a plot.

Translucent data values

Preview Data in Keep Mode

TABLE

Index column

Support for Text Entry

Out-of-order data entry

Non-numeric data entry

Automatic data type switching

PASCO Capstone

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

Scrolling chart option

Delete selected data points.

Exclude selected data points.

Change unit directly in the display

Delta Tool

YES

YES

NO

NO

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

(Coordinate Tool

Option)

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

DataStudio

1.8.9r10

NO

YES

NO

YES

YES

NO

YES

YES

NO

YES

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

YES

YES

NO

YES

YES

YES

(UNSMOOTH)

YES

NO

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

SPARKvue 2.0

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

NO

012-14016A 156



Specification

Cell insertion/deletion

Row insertion/deletion

Drag and Drop to Column

Reordering

Cut/Copy/Paste Values

Rename measurement directly

Change unit directly

Out-of-order Sampling

Selection Synchronized with other Displays

Insert/delete columns

Row Banding

SCOPE

Un-triggered Sampling

Trigger

Pre-trigger

Continuous Sampling

Sample Rate Control

Export Trace

Smart Cursor

Multiple Measurements

Multiple Axes

Trace Offset Controls

Compare Traces from the same sensor

Histogram

Count & bin measurement values

Side-by-Side Runs/Sets

Overlay Runs/Sets

Stack Runs/Sets

Autoscaling

Smart Cursor

PASCO Capstone

YES

NO

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

NO

YES

YES

850 only

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

Statistics

Bar Graph

Display Values

Acquire Values Automatically

YES

NO

NO

DataStudio

1.8.9r10

NO

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

NO

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

YES

YES

YES

NO

YES

NO

(Requires graph.)

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

NO

(Does not snap to value.)

NO

NO

NO

SPARKvue 2.0

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

(MULTIPLE

STEPS)

NO

NO

(MULTIPLE

STEPS)

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

YES

012-14016A 157

Specification

Rename Bins

FFT

Automatic resolution adjustment

WORKBOOK

Universal Undo

Data Replay

Automatic hiding of tool bars option

Automatic rescaling of workbook

Reordering workbook pages

Live microscope/camera support

Automatic display fitting

Re-sizable displays

Auto-scaling Workbooks

Sensor-Independent Measurement ID

Drag and Drop Image Files

TEXT

Rich Text Tools

Subscript/Superscript Tools

PASCO Capstone

NO



DataStudio

1.8.9r10

NO

SPARKvue 2.0

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

NO

YES

YES

YES

NO NO

Symbol insertion

Copy and paste rendered calculations from Microsoft Word.

Drag and drop rendered calculations from calculator

Bulleted list support

Video

Play pre-recorded video

Capture still images

Acquire and automaticallysync

Automatic playback option

Manually track objects

Automatically generate position, velocity and acceleration data from calibrated track

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

(Movie Only)

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

NO

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

Computer version:

NO

Pad version:

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

YES

NO

NO

YES

NO

012-14016A 158



Specification

PASCO Capstone points.

Measure lengths

Measure angles

Measure radii

JOURNAL

Snapshots

Reorder Pages

Annotate snapshots

Export as HTML

Print Journal

Function Generation

850 Universal Interface Support

PI-8127 Support

Peak Amplitude Sensor

Frequency Sensor

ScienceWorkshop 750 support

Sweep Frequency

Voltage Offset

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

850 only

850 only

YES

850 only

850 only

Generator output based on a measurement calculation

Peak Amplitude Virtual Sensor

Frequency Sensor

PROGRAM PREFERENCES

Adaptive Workbook Page

Shape

Custom default display font size.

Application preferences

HELP

YES (850 or 750)

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

DataStudio

1.8.9r10

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

NO

On/Off only via outputswitch(x) function

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

YES

SPARKvue 2.0

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

012-14016A 159


FAQ... Installation and Updates


"What licenses are required?": 160

"Is an MSI available for PASCO Capstone?": 160

"Do I need to update the interfaces?": 161

"Do I need to update the sensor datasheets?": 161

What licenses are required?

What licenses are available for PASCO Capstone?

l

Capstone Single User License (UI-5401) l

Capstone Site License (UI-5400)

Does the license expire?

No.

The license does not expire and entitles you to minor updates, such as the update from version 1.0 to 1.1.

Are upgrades free?

Yes, minor upgrades are free.

Minor upgrades and bug fixes for the licensed version of PASCO Capstone do not require additional purchase. They may be obtained by downloading the latest trial version from the PASCO scientific website. If the previous version of PASCO Capstone was licensed, the minor upgrade will accept the license key stored in your computer.

If you do not have a valid license key, the trial will expire in 60 days. A new license key may be purchased and entered from the About PASCO Capstone menu:

1. Click Help > About PASCO Capstone

2. Click Buy Key or Enter Key

Is an MSI available for PASCO Capstone?

An independent msi is not available for PASCO Capstone. The Capstone msi is wrapped by InstallShield*; parameters may be passed to the msi with command line switches. ( See


) for information on passing parameters to the msi.

012-14016A 160



Do I need to update the interfaces?

PASCO Capstone will prompt to update the firmware if a new version exists. Follow the on-screen instructions.

However, you may encounter a problem with the interface requiring a manual firmware re-installation. ( See

"How do I force an update to an interface?": 66 )

Do I need to update the sensor datasheets?

No.

PASCO Capstone obtains default sensor information from a file that is installed and updated with Capstone.

(DataStudio and SPARKvue do obtain information from the sensors; however, PASCO

Capstone ignores any information from the sensor other than the ID.)

012-14016A 161


FAQ... Setup

FAQ... Setup

"What do I need to have a complete measurement system? ": 162


What do I need to have a complete measurement system?

Required Components

A complete measurement system consists of the following components:

Complete measurement system

The equipment required depends on the type of sensor used.

PASPORT Sensor Connections

PASPORT sensors have part numbers that are prefixed with PS-. These sensors feature auto identification, digital communication, and the ability to measure multiple quantities simultaneously (on some sensors).

Sensors connect as follows:

012-14016A 162

Sensor connections


FAQ... Setup

ScienceWorkshop Sensor Connections

ScienceWorkshop sensors have part numbers that are prefixed with CI-.There are two classes of ScienceWorkshop sensors: analog and digital. The analog sensors may be identified by their round 8-pin DIN connectors. The digital sensors are identified by their

3.5 mm Tip-Ring-Sleeve (headphone) connectors.

These sensors connect as follows:

Analog sensor connections

012-14016A 163

Digital sensor connections


FAQ... Setup

Can sensors sample at different rates?

Yes.

PASPORT sensors may have sampling rates different from the sampling rates of other PASPORT or ScienceWorkshop sensors.

Note: All ScienceWorkshop sensors sample at the same rate. PASPORT sensors can sample at different rates.

012-14016A 164


FAQ... Data files


"Where is my data saved?": 165

"What is the file export format?": 165

"What is the format for text import?": 166

Where is my data saved?

Recorded data is contained within the PASCO Capstone file (identified by the .cap

extension).

Note: Data is not permanently saved unless the Capstone file is saved or the data exported. If PASCO Capstone closes, without saving or exporting the data, all data will be lost.

What is the file export format?

PASCO Capstone exports data in tab or comma delimited files with the following information:

Run [ID]/Set [ID]

[Measurement] ([Unit])

Value

⁞

Value

Note: The precision of the exported data matches the numerical properties of the measurement. (

See "How do I change the numerical format of data?": 81 )

Example

Run #1 Run #1 Run #1 Run #2 Run #2 Run #2

Time (s) Force (N) Position (m) Time (s) Force (N) Position (m)

0.000

0.61

0.16

0.000

0.63

0.17

0.050

0.42

0.26

0.050

0.44

0.26

012-14016A 165



What is the format for text import?


Summary.

The recommended format for file import is tab-delimited text with the measurement names and units on the first line:

⁞

MN

1

M

1

M

1

V

1

V

2

(u

1

) → MN

2

→ M

2

V

1

→ M

2

V

2

(u

2

) … → MN (u

→ … M n

V

1

→ … M n

V

2

[CR]

[CR] n

) [CR]

M

1

V m

→ M

2

V m

→ … M n

V m

[CR]

Where:

MN n

(u n

M n

V m

≡ measurement name of the n

≡ m

→ ≡ tab th value of the n th th measurement

) ≡ unit of measure of the nth measurement–leave off if no units measurement

[CR] ≡ carriage return

Note: PASCO Capstone may not recognize data that does not exactly fit the recommended file import format.

Example text file: animal

Peregrine Falcon

Golden Eagle

Gryfalcon family

Falco peregrines

Aquila chrysaetos

Falco rusicolus speed (km/h)

389

320

208

See


012-14016A 166

FAQ... Data and Measurements


"Which data is recorded?": 167




"Is there a way to delete data points?": 170

"Which data is active?": 172

"How are the curve fit and smoothing calculations determined?": 172

Which data is recorded?

PASCO Capstone records data for each available measurement (All data is recoded for immediate or future use in displays, calculations, and analysis.) and associated time data at the defined sample rate(s).

Sample Rate

Data appear on the sensor tab in the Data Summary tab ( ), and is selectable from any data display with a default name Run #%1, where %1 is an automatically generated run number.

See


Can sensors sample at different rates?

Yes.

PASPORT sensors may have sampling rates different from the sampling rates of other PASPORT or ScienceWorkshop sensors.

Note: All ScienceWorkshop sensors sample at the same rate. PASPORT sensors can sample at different rates.

012-14016A 167


What is Continuous Mode?

In this mode ( See

"How do I record data in PASCO Capstone? ": 73 ):

l

Data continuously records as soon as Record is pressed in the Controls

Palette.

Record button l

Data displays at the specified sampling rate(s) either until the hardware is no longer able to process the data (at which time data collection will stop with an error message) or until the Stop is pressed.

Maximum Frame Rate

The maximum frame rate

1 is directly related to the processing speed of the host and inversely related to the number of samples per frame: S

F

.

Where:

S

F

S

F

= R s

× T

≡ Samples per frame

R s

≡ Sampling rate (displayed in the Controls Palette)

T = time specified on the right of the plot area window

Automatic Sample Rate (R s

)

Select the auto-sample-rate-adjustment button to enable automatic sampling rate: l l

The sampling rate will increase when zooming into the time axis or when increasing the number of samples per frame by using the increase-samples-per-trace button .

The sampling rate will decrease when zooming out of the time axis or when decreasing the number of samples per frame by clicking the decrease-samplesper-trace button .

Manual Sample Rate (R s

)

Deselect the auto-sample-rate-adjustment button to disable automatic sampling rate:

1

The rate at which these frames of data are displayed.

012-14016A 168

l

The sampling rate is set in the Controls Palette.

Sample Rate


What is Fast Monitor Mode?

In this mode ( See

"How do I record data in PASCO Capstone? ": 73 ):

l

The scope display behaves like a digital storage oscilloscope.

l

Data is manually recorded using Snapshot . ( See "How do I record data in PASCO Capstone? ": 73 )

Notes:



ScopeSnapshot%1 where %1 is an automatically generated run number. l

The scope will not drop samples within a frame due to an excessive sample rate.

l l

The trigger, by definition, occurs at a scope time of 0.00.

The scope displays complete frames of data. (The maximum frame rate

1

, depends on the processing speed of the host computer.)

Maximum Frame Rate

The maximum frame rate

2 is directly related to the processing speed of the host and inversely related to the number of samples per frame: S

F

.

Where:

S

F

S

F

= R s

× T

≡ Samples per frame

R s

≡ Sampling rate (displayed in the Controls Palette)

T = time specified on the right of the plot area window

Automatic Sample Rate (R s

)

1


2


012-14016A 169


Select the auto-sample-rate-adjustment button to enable automatic sampling rate: l l

The sampling rate will increase when zooming into the time axis or when increasing the number of samples per frame by using the increase-samples-per-trace button .

The sampling rate will decrease when zooming out of the time axis or when decreasing the number of samples per frame by clicking the decrease-samplesper-trace button .

Manual Sample Rate (R s

)

Deselect the auto-sample-rate-adjustment button to disable automatic sampling rate: l

The sampling rate is set in the Controls Palette.

Sample Rate

Is there a way to delete data points?

Yes.

In PASCO Capstone version 1.1 or later, data points can be deleted or excluded.

l

Neither excluded nor deleted points are included in curve fits or statistical calculations.

l

If data points are excluded, they remain in the displays and are marked:

012-14016A 170

l with an X in the plot

Deleted and Excluded Data in a Plot


Deleted data are removed.

Excluded data display with "X" marks.

l with a strike-through in the table

Deleted and Excluded Data in a Table

Deleted data are removed. Note the gap in time data.

Excluded data display with strikethrough.

l

If data points are deleted, they disappear from all of the displays. Either of these functions may be reversed with the undo button.

See


012-14016A 171


Note: Deleted data are removed from the data set and the data cannot be restored at a later time. You can immediately undo a delete action by clicking Undo .


Which data is active?

By default, the last selected measurement of the last data run is the active data for statistics and other actions.

See


How are the curve fit and smoothing calculations determined?

How are the errors in the parameters of the linear curve fits calculated?

The linear model error estimations were derived assuming that there is no error in the reported measurements and tends to underestimate the actual error in the parameters.

The errors are calculated as follows:

∆ m = σ

N

∆ b σ Σ





 x i

2

∆







Where: m ≡ slope b ≡ intercept

N ≡ number of values (x i

...and...

, y i

)

σ ≡

Σ ( y i b mx i

)

2

N − 2

∆ ≡ N × Σ

( ) x i

2

What is the algorithm used by the graph smoothing tool?

The graph smoothing tool uses a center-weighted Savitzky–Golay smoothing algorithm of degree 4. The the value displayed in the Data Smoothing Slider n is an odd value

012-14016A 172

FAQ... Data and Measurements representing the total number of values in the original data set that are used in determining each smoothed value.

Data Smoothing Slider

Slider

n (used in the Savitzky–Golay smoothing algorithm)

Coefficient weights are used, such that the values closest to the value being smoothed usually have a greater weight, and thus a greater influence on the determining the resulting smoothed value. These coefficients are symmetric unless there are fewer than

n − 1 unsmoothed values to both sides of the smoothed value.

2

012-14016A 173

FAQ... Calculations and Calibration


"What is the format for calculations?": 174

"What are the equations for calibration?": 174


What is the format for calculations?

Calculations have the format:

(variable name) = (valid functional expression)

The variable name may contain symbols, common subscripts and superscripts, and spaces.

If you enter a functional expression without (variable name) = , Capstone adds a generic name and "=". For example: Calc1= for variables and Constant1= for constants.

Calculations that involve only constants are immediately evaluated in the user-entry

area. Calculations involving measurements are rendered in MathML. ( See "How do I see the result of a calculation?": 103 )

Examples

Constant1=2*3





What are the equations for calibration?

The actual value, y(x) is calculated using measured value x and the calibration points

(x i

,y i

), where x i value: is the i th measured value and y i is the corresponding actual (standard)

012-14016A 174


1 Point Offset y

1 x x

Examples: used internally by the force sensors, accelerometers

1 Point Slope





 y

1 x

1





 x

Examples: dissolved oxygen, type-K temperature, conductivity, drop counter

2 Point Linear





 y

2

− y

1 x

2

− x

1





 x + x y − y x x

2

− x

1

Examples: pH and other ion selective electrodes

Can multiple measurements be calibrated simultaneously?

Yes.

You may calibrate multiple measurements simultaneously if they are of the same type and exposed simultaneously to the same standards when performing the calibration.

Note: Simultaneous calibration is not recommended for pH, ISE, ORP, Conductivity, stainless-steel temperature sensors without insulating sleeves, or Disolved Oxygen sensors because these sensors will not read correctly if the probes are placed in the same solution simultaneously.

See


012-14016A 175

FAQ... Displays

"What is panning and scaling?": 176

"Why are the display toolbars not active?": 177

What is panning and scaling?


FAQ... Displays

PASCO Capstone supports several panning and scaling methods: l user (manual) Scaling

1 and Panning

2 l scaling based on maintaining the visibility or new data l scaling and panning the data to maximize the visibility of existing data

See

"How do I pan and scale?": 110 .

What is Panning Moving the origin within the display. Scale does not change.

Panning is the process of changing the value of the constant P in the Scaling and Panning Equation.

1

Changing the axis scale (value between tick marks) to zoom-in or zoom-out. Origin does not change.

2

Moving the origin within the display. Scale does not change.

012-14016A 176

FAQ... Displays

What is Scaling Changing the axis scale (value between tick marks) to zoom-in or zoom-out. Origin does not change.

Scaling is the process of changing the value of S in the Scaling and Panning Equation.

The process of increasing the value of the scaling factor S, is said to be zooming in and decreasing the value of the scaling factor is said to be zooming out.

What is Zooming-in/out around a point Changing the scale and origin around a single point.

You can simultaneously scale and pan such that a point other that the origin (for example: (m

10

, m

2

) remains stationary in the plot area when scaling. This process is the equivalent of scaling by S and panning by m i0

× S for each coordinate.

Scaling and Panning Equation

x i

= ( m i

− m

i 0

) × S + P

Where: x i m i

≡ virtual value of the i

≡ the i th th coordinate within the plot area measurement value m i0

≡ the coordinate value of the scaling stationary point

S ≡ scaling factor

P ≡ panning factor

Why are the display toolbars not active?

Toolbars are only active when a single display is active, and will only apply to the active display.

For displays with multiple plots such as for Graph or FFT displays, the toolbar actions apply to the active plot within the display.

See


012-14016A 177

FAQ... Scope

FAQ... Scope

"What is the scope?": 178


"What is pre-triggering in the scope?": 179

What is the scope?

The scope is designed to view high-frequency oscillating data or single high-speed events that the graph display may not be able to capture.

Maximum Sampling Rate: The maximum supported sampling rate is a function of the computer-sensor interface that is connected to the computer (for example: 850 Universal

Interface → 10 MHz, ScienceWorkshop 750 → 250 kHz).

Features

Continuous Mode and Fast Monitor

Mode

Single shot

Multiple triggers

Pre-trigger

Image freeze

See







What does the Single Shot button do?

The Single Shot button is useful for fast, non-repetitive events, such as measuring the time between an impulsive sound and its echo to determine the speed of sound.

When the Single Shot button is depressed on the scope toolbar and Monitor is pressed on the Controls Palette, the scope displays one frame of scope data and then stops monitoring.

Scope toolbar: Single Shot button

012-14016A 178

FAQ... Scope


Note: If the trigger button in the scope toolbar is depressed, the display of data starts when the trigger condition is satisfied. If the trigger button is not depressed, the display of data starts immediately.

Note: Fast Monitor Mode is required for the Single Shot function.

Note: Single Shot is limited by the hardware buffer size of the interface (~ 2000 samples for the 750 interface and ~ 16000 sample for the 850 interface).

What is pre-triggering in the scope?

The 0.00 second measurement on the scope is referenced to the time of the scope triggering event. Recording and displaying data that happened before a triggering event is called pre-triggering.

Note: An 850 Universal Interface is required to use the pre-trigger functionality.

See


012-14016A 179

FAQ... Video and Text

FAQ... Video and Text

"What cameras and video formats are supported?": 180

"Why does the text color remain black after picking a color?": 180

What cameras and video formats are supported?

Supported cameras

l

PASCO Capstone supports the UVC (USB Video Class 1.1) standard. Cameras that support UVC do not require additional drivers.

l

UVC 1.1 cameras are recommended; however, some older cameras may work with Capstone with the drivers developed by the manufacturer.

See


Supported video formats

l

PASCO Capstone will record and playback video recorded in Capstone without any supporting software.

l

Capstone requires the latest version of the Apple QuickTime* player to playback movies that were not recorded in Capstone. Once QuickTime is installed, Capstone can playback all movies with the mov file extensions and most movies with the mp4 or avi extensions.

Why does the text color remain black after picking a color?

PASCO Capstone uses the Hue-Saturation-Value (HSV) model to determine the color.

The default value of the color value (brightness) defaults to 0 and the color displays black.

To display the selected color: move the brightness slider for the desired brightness.

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