PremiumSoft Navicat 11 database administration tool User Guide

MySQL/MariaDB Table Triggers

A trigger is a named database object that is associated with a table and that is activated when a particular event occurs for the table.

In the Triggers tab, just simply click a trigger field for editing. By using the trigger toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected trigger field.

Note: Trigger is supported from MySQL 5.0.2 or later.

Use the Name edit box to set the trigger name.

Use the Fires drop-down menu to define the trigger action time. It can be Before or After to indicate that the trigger activates before or after the statement that activated it.

Insert

The trigger is activated whenever a new row is inserted into the table. For example, INSERT, LOAD DATA, and

REPLACE statements.

Update

The trigger is activated whenever a row is modified. For example, UPDATE statement.

Delete

The trigger is activated whenever a row is deleted from the table. For example, DELETE and REPLACE statement.

However, DROP TABLE and TRUNCATE statements on the table do not activate the trigger.

The Statement edit box defines the statement to execute when the trigger activates. To include your statement, just simply click to write. If you want to execute multiple statements, use the BEGIN ... END compound statement construct.

Example:

BEGIN

set new.capacity = new.capacity + 100;

set new.amount = new.amount + 100;

END

MySQL/MariaDB Table Options

Table Type

Define the engine of the table. Use the Set Default button to set the default table type.

Auto Increment

Set/Reset the Auto Increment value in the edit field. The auto increment value indicates the value for next record.

Default Character Set

Define the type of the character set for table.

Default Collation

Choose the collation for the table.

Data Directory

To specify where the MyISAM storage engine should put a table's data file.

Index Directory

To specify where the MyISAM storage engine should put a table's index file.

Max Rows

The maximum number of rows you plan to store in the table. This is not a hard limit, but rather a hint to the storage engine that the table must be able to store at least this many rows.

Average Row Length

An approximation of the average row length for your table. You need to set this only for large tables with variable-size rows.

Min Rows

The minimum number of rows you plan to store in the table.

Key Block Size

This option provides a hint to the storage engine about the size in bytes to use for index key blocks. The engine is allowed to change the value if necessary. A value of 0 indicates that the default value should be used.

Note: Support from MySQL 5.5 or later.

Row Format

Define how the rows should be stored.

Pack Keys (take effect only with MyISAM table)

Set this option to 1 if you want to have smaller indexes. This usually makes updates slower and reads faster. Setting the option to 0 disables all packing of keys. Setting it to DEFAULT tells the storage engine to pack only long CHAR,

VARCHAR, BINARY, or VARBINARY columns.

Checksum (only for MyISAM table)

Check this option if you want MySQL to maintain a live checksum for all rows.

Delay key write (only for MyISAM table)

Check this option if you want to delay key updates for the table until the table is closed.

Page Checksum (only for Aria table)

Check this option if you want index and data use page checksums for extra safety.

Note: Support from MariaDB 5.1 or later.

Transactional (only for Aria table)

Check this option if you want crash-safe.

Note: Support from MariaDB 5.1 or later.

Union Tables (only for MRG_MYISAM table)

UNION is used when you want to access a collection of identical MyISAM tables as one. This works only with MERGE tables. You must have SELECT, UPDATE, and DELETE privileges for the tables you map to a MERGE table.

Insert Method (only for MRG_MYISAM table)

If you want to insert data into a MERGE table, you must specify with INSERT_METHOD the table into which the row should be inserted. INSERT_METHOD is an option useful for MERGE tables only. Use a value of FIRST or LAST to have inserts go to the first or last table, or a value of NO to prevent inserts.

Connection (only for FEDERATED table)

To create the local table that will be federated to the remote table. You can create the local table and specify the connection string (containing the server name, login, password) to be used to connect to the remote table using the

Connection edit box.

The CONNECTION string contains the information required to connect to the remote server containing the table that will be used to physically store the data. The connection string specifies the server name, login credentials, port number and database/table information.

The format the connection string is as follows: scheme://user_name[:password]@host_name[:port_num]/db_name/tbl_name

Sample of connection strings:

CONNECTION='mysql://username:password@hostname:port/database/tablename'

CONNECTION='mysql://username@hostname/database/tablename'

CONNECTION='mysql://username:password@hostname/database/tablename'

Tablespace (only for ndbcluster table)

To specify the tablespace for the storage.

Note: Support from MySQL 5.1.6 or later.

Storage (only for ndbcluster table)

To specify type of storage used (disk or memory), and can be one of DISK, MEMORY, or DEFAULT.

Note: Support from MySQL 5.1.6 or later.

Partition Options

Set the Partition Options.

Note: Support from MySQL 5.1 or later.

Option

Partition by

Partition no.

Subpartition by

Subpartition no.

Description

Select the function that is used to determine the partition: Hash, Key, Range and List.

Set the partition number.

Select the function that is used to determine the subpartition: Hash and Key.

Set the subpartition number.

Partition Definition Use Add Partition or Remove Partition to add or delete the partition. Use Add

Subpartition or Remove Subpartition to add or delete the subpartition.

Values For range partitioning, each partition must include a VALUES LESS THAN clause; for list partitioning, you must specify a VALUES IN clause for each partition. This is used to

Engine

Data Directory determine which rows are to be stored in this partition.

Select the storage engine for both partition and subpartition.

The directory where the data for this partition are to be stored.

The directory where the indexes for this partition are to be stored. Index Directory

Max Rows

Min Rows

Tablespace

The maximum number of rows to be stored in the partition.

The minimum number of rows to be stored in the partition.

Designate a tablespace for the partition. Used for Falcon only.

Nodegroup

Comment

Set the Node Group.

Enter the comment for the partition.

MySQL/MariaDB Views

Views (including updatable views) are implemented in MySQL Server 5.0 and available in binary releases from 5.0.1 and up. Views are useful for allowing users to access a set of relations (tables) as if it were a single table, and limiting their access to just that. Views can also be used to restrict access to rows (a subset of a particular table). For access control to columns, you can also use the sophisticated privilege system in MySQL Server. Click to open an object list for View.

You can create a view shortcut by drag the view out. It provides a convenient way for you to open your view without activating the main Navicat.

Button

Preview

Description

Preview and/or Explain the view.

Note: You can choose to show the Result tab below the editor or in a new tab by selecting Edit -> Show Result ->

Below Query Editor or In a New Tab.

View Builder (Available only in Full Version)

View Builder allows you to build views visually. It allows you to create and edit views without knowledge of SQL. See

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

View Editor

You can edit the view definition as SQL statement (SELECT statement it implements).

Hint:

Options

View's Algorithm

Undefined MySQL chooses which algorithm to use. It prefers Merge over Temptable if possible, because

Merge is usually more efficient and because a view cannot be updatable if a temporary table is used.

Merge The text of a statement that refers to the view and the view definition are merged such that parts of the view definition replace corresponding parts of the statement.

Temptable The results from the view are retrieved into a temporary table, which then is used to execute the statement.

With check option

Local

Cascaded

Restrict the Check option only to the view being defined.

Cause the checks for underlying views to be evaluated as well.

SQL Security

The SQL SECURITY characteristic determines which MySQL account to use when checking access privileges for the view when the view is executed. The legal characteristic values are Definer and Invoker. These indicate that the view must be executable by the user who defined it or invoked it, respectively.

Definer

The default Definer value is the user who executes the CREATE VIEW statement. (This is the same as DEFINER =

CURRENT_USER.) If a user value is given, it should be a MySQL account in 'user_name'@'host_name' format (the same format used in the GRANT statement). The user_name and host_name values both are required.

View Viewer

View Viewer displays the view data as a grid. Data can be displayed in two modes: Grid View and Form View. See

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

MySQL/MariaDB Functions/Procedures

Stored routines (procedures and functions) are supported in MySQL 5.0. A stored routine is a set of SQL statements that can be stored in the server. Once this has been done, clients do not need to keep reissuing the individual statements but can refer to the stored routine instead. Click to open an object list for Function.

Definition

Definition consists of a valid SQL procedure statement. This can be a simple statement such as SELECT or INSERT, or it can be a compound statement written using BEGIN and END. Compound statements can contain declarations, loops, and other control structure statements.

Hint:

Parameter

Define function/procedure parameter.

Return Type

This text box will be enabled only for creating a function. It indicates the return type of the function.

Type

Select the stored routines you wish to create from the drop-down menu, i.e. PROCEDURE and FUNCTION.

Advanced Properties

SQL Security

Specify whether the routine should be executed using the permissions of the user who creates the routine or the user who invokes it.

Definer

The default Definer value is the user who executes the CREATE PROCEDURE or CREATE FUNCTION statement.

(This is the same as DEFINER = CURRENT_USER.) If a user value is given, it should be a MySQL account in

'user_name'@'host_name' format (the same format used in the GRANT statement). The user_name and host_name values both are required.

SQL Data Access

Several characteristics provide information about the nature of data use by the routine.

CONTAINS SQL

NO SQL

READS SQL DATA

MODIFIES SQL

DATA

Indicate that the routine does not contain statements that read or write data. It is the default if none of these characteristics is given explicitly.

Indicate that the routine contains no SQL statements.

Indicate that the routine contains statements that read data, but not statements that write data.

Indicate that the routine contains statements that may write data.

Deterministic

A procedure or function is considered deterministic if it always produces the same result for the same input parameters, and not deterministic otherwise.

Result

To run the procedure/function, click Execute on the toolbar. If the SQL statement is correct, the statement will be executed and, if the statement is supposed to return data, the Result tab opens with the data returned by the procedure/function. If an error occurs while executing the procedure/function, execution stops, the appropriate error message is displayed. If the function/procedure requires input parameter, the Input Parameters box will pop up.

MySQL/MariaDB Events

MySQL Event Scheduler was added in MySQL 5.1.6. MySQL Events are tasks that run according to a schedule.

Therefore, we sometimes refer to them as scheduled events. When you create an event, you are creating a named database object containing one or more SQL statements to be executed at one or more regular intervals, beginning and ending at a specific date and time. Conceptually, this is similar to the idea of the Windows Task Scheduler. Click

to open an object list for Event.

Definition

Definition consists of a valid SQL statement. This can be a simple statement such as SELECT or INSERT, or it can be a compound statement written using BEGIN and END. Compound statements can contain declarations, loops, and other control structure statements.

Hint:

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

Definer

Specify the user account to be used when checking access privileges at event execution time. The default DEFINER value is the user who executes the CREATE EVENT statement. (This is the same as DEFINER = CURRENT_USER.)

If a user value is given, it should be a MySQL account in 'user_name'@'host_name' format (the same format used in the GRANT statement). The user_name and host_name values both are required.

Status

You can create an event but keep it from being active using the DISABLE keyword. Alternatively, you may use

ENABLE to make explicit the default status, which is active.

On Completion

Normally, once an event has expired, it is immediately dropped. You can override this behavior by specifying ON

COMPLETION PRESERVE. Using ON COMPLETION NOT PRESERVE merely makes the default non-persistent behavior explicit.

Schedule

AT timestamp is used for a one-time event. It specifies that the event executes one time only at the date and time, given as the timestamp, which must include both the date and time, or must be an expression that resolves to a datetime value. Use INTERVAL to create an event which occurs at some point in the future relative to the current date and time.

Every

For actions which are to be repeated at a regular interval, you can use an EVERY clause which followed by an interval.

(INTERVAL is not used with EVERY.)

Starts

An EVERY clause may also contain an optional STARTS clause. STARTS is followed by a timestamp value which indicates when the action should begin repeating, and may also use INTERVAL interval in order to specify an amount of time "from now".

For example: EVERY 3 MONTH STARTS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + 1 WEEK means "every three months, beginning one week from now".

Ends

An EVERY clause may also contain an optional ENDS clause. The ENDS keyword is followed by a timestamp value which tells MySQL when the event should stop repeating. You may also use INTERVAL interval with ENDS.

For example: EVERY 12 HOUR STARTS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 30 MINUTE ENDS

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 4 WEEK is equivalent to "every twelve hours, beginning thirty minutes from now, and ending four weeks from now".

P.S.

The timestamp must be in the future - you cannot schedule an event to take place in the past.

The interval portion consists of two parts, a quantity and a *unit of time.

DAY_SECOND | HOUR_MINUTE | HOUR_SECOND | MINUTE_SECOND

Oracle Objects

To start working with the server objects, you should create and open a connection. When you create a user account, you are also implicitly creating a schema for that user. A schema is a logical container for the database objects (such as tables, views, triggers, and so on) that the user creates. The schema name is the same as the user name, and can be used to unambiguously refer to objects owned by the user. Other user schemas are showed under Other

Schemas.

Hint: Oracle interprets non-quoted object identifiers as uppercase. In Navicat, all objects identifier will be quoted. That is, Navicat saves exactly what you have inputted.

Oracle Data Pump (Available only in Full Version)

Oracle Data Pump technology enables very high-speed movement of data and metadata from one database to another.

It includes two utilities: Data Pump Export and Data Pump Import.

Data Pump Export is a utility for unloading data and metadata into a set of operating system files called a dump file set.

The dump file set can be imported only by the Data Pump Import utility. The dump file set can be imported on the same system or it can be moved to another system and loaded there.

Data Pump Import is a utility for loading an export dump file set into a target system. The dump file set is made up of one or more disk files that contain table data, database object metadata, and control information. The files are written in a proprietary, binary format. During an import operation, the Data Pump Import utility uses these files to locate each database object in the dump file set.

Click to open an object list for Data Pump.

You can change the Directory of the dump file set by control-click anywhere in the Object List pane and select Change

Directory from the pop-up menu.

Note: Support from Oracle 10g or later.

Data Pump requires SYSDBA Role and the dump file set is stored in the server.

Oracle Data Pump Export

You can save the Data Pump Export settings to a profile. Simply click the Save button.

Hint:

The profiles(.exp) are saved under the Settings Location .

To show the hidden tabs (advanced options), check the Show advanced options box.

General Properties

Job Name

The name of the job.

Mode

FULL In a full database export, the entire database is unloaded. This mode requires that you have the EXP_FULL_DATABASE role.

TABLESPACE In tablespace mode, only the tables contained in a specified set of tablespaces are unloaded. If a table is unloaded, its dependent objects are also unloaded. Both object metadata and data are unloaded.

SCHEMAS If you have the EXP_FULL_DATABASE role, then you can specify a list of schemas and optionally include the schema definitions themselves, as well as system privilege grants to those schemas. If you do not have the EXP_FULL_DATABASE role, you can export only your own schema.

TABLE In table mode, only a specified set of tables, partitions, and their dependent objects are unloaded. You must have the EXP_FULL_DATABASE role to specify tables that are not in your own schema. All specified tables must reside in a single schema.

Content

ALL Unload both data and metadata.

DATA_ONLY Unload only table row data; no database object definitions are unloaded.

METADATA_ONLY Unload only database object definitions; no table row data is unloaded.

Output Files

Add dump files to the dump file set for the export.

Objects to be exported

Select the objects to export. If you select TABLE mode, choose the schema in the Schema drop-down menu.

Metadata Filter

Include or Exclude a set of objects from the Export operation. Choose the Object Type and specify the Name

Clause.

Data Filter

Enable Table Data Filters

Specify a subquery that is added to the end of the SELECT statement for the table.

Enable Sample Filters

Specify a percentage for sampling the data blocks to be moved.

Remap Data

Table Schema

The schema containing the column to be remapped.

Table Name

The table containing the column to be remapped.

Column Name

The name of the column to be remapped.

Package Schema

The schema of the package.

Package Name

The name of the package.

Package Function

A PL/SQL package function which is called to modify the data for the specified column.

Encryption

Encryption Content

Specify what to encrypt in the dump file set.

ALL

DATA_ONLY Only data is written to the dump file set in encrypted format.

ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY Only encrypted columns are written to the dump file set in encrypted format.

METADATA_ONLY

Enable encryption for all data and metadata in the export operation.

NONE

Only metadata is written to the dump file set in encrypted format.

No data is written to the dump file set in encrypted format.

Encryption Algorithm

Identify which cryptographic algorithm should be used to perform encryption.

Encryption Mode

Option

Transparent

Description

Allow an encrypted dump file set to be created without any intervention from a database administrator (DBA), provided the required Oracle Encryption Wallet is available.

Provide a password when creating encrypted dump file sets. Encryption

Password

Dual Create a dump file set that can later be imported using either the Oracle Encryption

Wallet or the password that was specified with the ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD parameter.

Encryption Password

Specify a key for re-encrypting encrypted table columns, metadata, or table data so that they are not written as clear text in the dump file set.

Confirm Password

Re-type your password.

Advanced Properties

Number of worker processes to be used

The maximum number of worker processes that can be used for the job.

Reuse files

A preexisting file will be overwritten.

Append timestamp to dump and log file names

Check this box to append timestamp to dump and log file names.

Enable data options for XMLCLOBS

Check this box to enable data options for XMLCLOBS.

Version

The version of database objects to be extracted.

COMPATIBLE The version of the metadata corresponds to the database compatibility level and the compatibility release level for feature.

LATEST The version of the metadata corresponds to the database version.

Database Link

The name of a database link to the remote database that will be the source of data and metadata for the current job.

Estimate

Specify that the estimate method for the size of the tables should be performed before starting the job.

Compression Type

ALL

DATA_ONLY

Compress both user data and metadata.

Compress only user data in the dump file set.

METADATA_ONLY Compress only metadata in the dump file set.

NONE Store the dump file set in an uncompressed format.

Transportable

Operate on metadata for tables (and their dependent objects) within a set of selected tablespaces to perform a transportable tablespace export.

Directory

Choose the log file directory.

Log File Name

Enter the name of the log file.

Flashback SCN

System change number (SCN) to serve as transactionally consistent point for reading user data.

Flashback Time

Either the date and time used to determine a consistent point for reading user data or a string of the form

TO_TIMESTAMP(...).

Oracle Data Pump Import

To show the hidden tabs (advanced options), check the Show advanced options box.

General Properties

Job Name

The name of the job.

Mode

FULL In a full database export, the entire database is unloaded. This mode requires that you have the EXP_FULL_DATABASE role.

TABLESPACE In tablespace mode, only the tables contained in a specified set of tablespaces are unloaded.

If a table is unloaded, its dependent objects are also unloaded. Both object metadata and

SCHEMAS data are unloaded.

If you have the EXP_FULL_DATABASE role, then you can specify a list of schemas and optionally include the schema definitions themselves, as well as system privilege grants to

TABLE those schemas. If you do not have the EXP_FULL_DATABASE role, you can export only your own schema.

In table mode, only a specified set of tables, partitions, and their dependent objects are unloaded. You must have the EXP_FULL_DATABASE role to specify tables that are not in your own schema. All specified tables must reside in a single schema.

Content

ALL Unload both data and metadata.

DATA_ONLY Unload only table row data; no database object definitions are unloaded.

METADATA_ONLY Unload only database object definitions; no table row data is unloaded.

Input Files

Add dump files to the dump file set for the import.

Objects to be imported

Select the objects to import. If you select TABLE mode, specify the schema in the Schema text box.

Network

Database Link

The name of a database link to the remote database that will be the source of data and metadata for the current job.

Estimate

Specify that the estimate method for the size of the tables should be performed before starting the job.

Flashback SCN

System change number (SCN) to serve as transactionally consistent point for reading user data.

Flashback Time

Either the date and time used to determine a consistent point for reading user data or a string of the form

TO_TIMESTAMP(...).

Transportable

Operate on metadata for tables (and their dependent objects) within a set of selected tablespaces to perform a transportable tablespace export.

DataFile Path

Specify the full file specification for a datafile in the transportable tablespace set.

Filters

Enable Include/Exclude Filters

Include or Exclude a set of objects from the Import operation. Choose the Object Type and specify the Name Clause.

Enable Table Data Filters

Specify a subquery that is added to the end of the SELECT statement for the table. If you specify a WHERE clause in the subquery, you can restrict the rows that are selected.

Remap Data

Enable Data Filters

Fields

Table Schema

Table name

Column Name

Package Schema

Package Name

Package Function

Description

The schema containing the column to be remapped.

The table containing the column to be remapped.

The name of the column to be remapped.

The schema of the package.

The name of the package.

A PL/SQL package function which is called to modify the data for the specified column.

Enable Datafile Filters

Specify a remapping to be applied to objects as they are processed in the specified job. Enter the Source datafile and

Target datafile.

Remap Objects

Enable Remap Schema

Specify a remapping to be applied to schemas as they are processed in the specified job. Enter the Source schema and choose the Target schema.

Enable Remap TableSpace

Specify a remapping to be applied to tablespaces as they are processed in the specified job. Enter the Source tablespace and choose the Target tablespace.

Enable Remap Table

Specify a remapping to be applied to tables as they are processed in the specified job. Enter the Source table and choose the Target table.

Advanced Properties

Number of worker processes to be used

The maximum number of worker processes that can be used for the job.

Reuse data files

Check this box to reuse existing datafiles for tablespace creation.

Skip unusable indexes

Check this box to skip loading tables that have indexes that were set to the Index Unusable state (by either the system or the user).

Streams Configuration

Check this box to import any general Streams metadata that may be present in the export dump file.

Action on table if table exists

Specify the action to be performed when data is loaded into a preexisting table.

SKIP The preexisting table is left unchanged.

APPEND New rows are added to the existing rows in the table.

TRUNCATE Rows are removed from a preexisting table before inserting rows from the Import.

REPLACE Preexisting tables are replaced with new definitions. Before creating the new table, the old table is dropped.

Data Options

A bitmask to supply special options for processing the job.

Partition Options

Specify how partitioned tables should be handled during an import operation.

NONE Partitioning is reproduced on the target database as it existed in the source database.

DEPARTITION Each partition or subpartition that contains storage in the job is reproduced as a separate unpartitioned table.

MERGE Each partitioned table is re-created in the target database as an unpartitioned table.

Version

The version of database objects to be extracted.

COMPATIBLE The version of the metadata corresponds to the database compatibility level and the compatibility release level for feature.

LATEST The version of the metadata corresponds to the database version.

Encryption Password

Specify a key for re-encrypting encrypted table columns, metadata, or table data so that they are not written as clear text in the dump file set.

Segment Attributes

Designate the segment attribute to which the transform applies.

Storage

Designate the storage to which the transform applies.

OID

Designate the OID to which the transform applies.

PCTSpace

Specify a percentage multiplier used to alter extent allocations and datafile sizes. Used to shrink large tablespaces for testing purposes.

Directory

Choose the log file directory.

Log File Name

Enter the name of the log file.

Oracle Debugger (Available only in Full Version)

Navicat provides Oracle PL/SQL debugger for debugging Oracle functions, procedures, packages and queries.

You can perform the most commonly used actions for debugging on the toolbar or menu:

Button

Run

Description

Start running code in debug mode. The debugger executes your code until the end of the code or the next breakpoint is reached. Keyboard shortcut: OPTION-CMD-ENTER

Step

Over

Step In

Stop

Resume the execution. The current line will be executed. If the line is a procedure or function call, it will bypass the procedure or function. The counter will then move to the next line of code.

Keyboard shortcut: SHIFT-CMD-O

Resume the execution. The current line will be executed. If the line is a procedure or function call, the counter goes to the first statement in the procedure or function. Otherwise, the counter will move to the next line of code. Keyboard shortcut: SHIFT-CMD-I

Step Out

Resume the execution. The remaining part of the code within the current procedure or function will be executed.

Step End

Resume the execution. The counter will jump to the last line of the procedure or function.

Keyboard shortcut: SHIFT-CMD-E

Stop stepping the code. The execution will stop and cannot resume it. Keyboard shortcut:

SHIFT-CMD-ENTER

The Breakpoints tab displays all the breakpoints which allowing you to delete, enable or disable breakpoints. To enable/disable a breakpoint, simply check/uncheck the Enable box. Also, you can delete a breakpoint or enable/disable all breakpoints, simply control-click a breakpoint and choose Delete, Enable All or Disable All.

The Stacks tab displays the procedure or function calls of the current line.

The Data tab displays information about the variables associated with breakpoints.

The Watches tab displays information about the variables being watched, allows you to add, delete or edit watch variables. To add a watch variable, simply control-click anywhere of the Watches tab and choose Add. Then, enter the

Variable Name and Value of the variable. To delete a watch variable, simply control-click a variable and choose

Delete.

The Code pane shows the code of the procedure or function, etc. You can add/remove breakpoints for debugging by clicking in the grey area beside each statement. To add a variable to the watch list, simply control-click the highlighted code and choose Add to Watch List. To show the debug tips, simply mouse-over the code.

The Log pane shows the message log and output when debugging the code.

Oracle Physical Attributes/Default Storage Characteristics

Pct Free

Specify a whole number representing the percentage of space in each data block of the database object reserved for future updates to rows of the object.

Pct Used

Specify a whole number representing the minimum percentage of used space that Oracle maintains for each data block of the database object. A block becomes a candidate for row insertion when its used space falls below this value.

Ini Trans

Specify the initial number of concurrent transaction entries allocated within each data block allocated to the database object.

Max Trans

Specify the maximum number of concurrent update transactions allowed for each data block in the segment.

Initial

Specify the size of the first extent of the object. Use the drop-down menu K or M to specify the size in kilobytes or megabytes.

Next

Specify the size of the next extent to be allocated to the object. Use the drop-down menu K or M to specify the size in kilobytes or megabytes.

Min

Specify the total number of extents to allocate when the object is created.

Max

Specify the total number of extents, including the first, that Oracle can allocate for the object. Check Unlimited if you want extents to be allocated automatically as needed.

Pct Increase

Specify the percent by which the third and subsequent extents grow over the preceding extent.

Buffer Pool

KEEP Choose this to put blocks from the segment into the KEEP buffer pool. Maintaining an appropriately sized KEEP buffer pool lets Oracle retain the schema object in memory to avoid I/O operations.

KEEP takes precedence over any NOCACHE clause you specify for a table, cluster, materialized view, or materialized view log.

RECYCLE Choose this to put blocks from the segment into the RECYCLE pool. An appropriately sized

RECYCLE pool reduces the number of objects whose default pool is the RECYCLE pool from taking up unnecessary cache space.

Free Lists

For objects other than tablespaces and rollback segments, specify the number of free lists for each of the free list groups for the table, partition, cluster, or index.

Free List Groups

Specify the number of groups of free lists for the database object you are creating.

Optimal

Specify an optimal size for a rollback segment. Use the drop-down menu K, M, G, T, P or E to specify the size in kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, petabytes, or exabytes. Check Null for no optimal size for the rollback segment.

Oracle Tables

To create a new normal table, simply click Add from the object list toolbar. Or, you can click-and-hold on Add to choose the type Normal / External / Index Organized.

When open a table with graphical fields, control-click a table and select Open Table (Quick) from the pop-up menu.

Faster performance for opening the graphical table, as BLOB fields (images) will not be loaded until you click on the cell.

If you do wish Navicat loads all your images while opening the table, click Open button from the object list toolbar.

You can create a table shortcut by drag the table out. It provides a convenient way for you to open your table for entering data directly without activating the main Navicat.

Oracle Normal Tables

Tables are the basic unit of data storage in an Oracle database. Data is stored in rows and columns. You define a table with a table name and set of columns.

In a normal (heap-organized) table, data is stored as an unordered collection (heap).

Oracle Table Fields

In the Fields tab, just simply click a field for editing. By using the field toolbar, you can create new and drop the selected field. To search a field name, choose Edit -> Find -> Find or press CMD-F.

Use the Name edit box to set the field name. Note that the name of the field must be unique among all the field names in the table.

The Type drop-down menu defines the type of the field data. See Oracle Built-in Datatypes for details.

Use the Size edit box to define the precision (total number of digits) of the field and use Scale edit box to define the

scale (number of digits to the right of the decimal point) for numeric column.

Note: Be careful when shortening the field length as it might result in data loss.

Not Null

Check this box to not allow the NULL values for the field.

Key

A Primary Key is a single field or combination of fields that uniquely defines a record. None of the fields that are part of the primary key can contain a null value.

Field's Properties

Note: The following options depend on the field type you are chosen.

Default Value

Set the default value for the field.

Comment

Set any optional text describing the current field.

Day Precision

Set the number of digits in the leading field.

Fractional Seconds Precision

Set the number of digits in the fractional part of the SECOND datetime field.

Year Precision

Set the number of digits in the year.

Unit

Set the unit either in BYTE or CHAR.

Schema

Set the schema for the field type.

User-defined Type

Set the type for the field.

Oracle Table Indexes

Indexes are optional structures associated with tables and clusters. You can create indexes on one or more columns of a table to speed SQL statement execution on that table. An Oracle Database index provides a faster access path to table data. Indexes are the primary means of reducing disk I/O when properly used.

You can create many indexes for a table as long as the combination of columns differs for each index. You can create more than one index using the same columns if you specify distinctly different combinations of the columns.

In the Indexes tab, just simply click an index field for editing. By using the index toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected index field.

Use the Name edit box to set the index name.

To include field(s) in the index, click Fields to open the editor for editing.

Index Type

Define the type of the table index.

Non-unique Non-unique indexes do not impose the restriction of unique indexes on the column values.

Unique Unique indexes guarantee that no two rows of a table have duplicate values in the key column (or columns).

Bitmap In a bitmap index, a bitmap for each key value is used instead of a list of rowids.

Parallel with degree

Parallel indexing can improve index performance when you have a large amount of data, and have multiple CPUs.

Enter the degree that determines the number of separate indexing processes.

Schema

The schema in which to create the index.

Note: To create an index in your own schema, at least one of the following conditions must be true:



The table or cluster to be indexed is in your own schema.



You have INDEX privilege on the table to be indexed.



You have CREATE ANY INDEX system privilege.

To create an index in another schema, all of the following conditions must be true:



You have CREATE ANY INDEX system privilege.



The owner of the other schema has a quota for the tablespaces to contain the index or index partitions, or

UNLIMITED TABLESPACE system privilege.

Oracle Table Foreign Keys

A foreign key specifies that the values in a column (or a group of columns) must match the values appearing in some row of another table. We say this maintains the referential integrity between two related tables.

In the Foreign Keys tab, just simply click a foreign key field for editing. By using the foreign key toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected foreign key field.

Use the Name edit box to enter a name for the new key.

Use the Referenced Schema, Referenced Table and Referenced Constraint drop-down menus to select a foreign schema, table and constraint respectively.

To include field(s) to the key, click Local Fields to open the editor(s) for editing.

The On Delete drop-down menu defines the type of the actions to be taken.

No Action

Cascade

This is the default action. Referenced key values will not be updated or deleted.

Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the value of the referencing column to the new value of the referenced column, respectively.

Set the referencing column(s) to null. Set Null

Enable

You can choose whether to enable/disable the foreign key constraint by checking/unchecking the box.

Related topic:

Refer to Physical Attributes/Default Storage Characteristics .

Oracle Table Uniques

Unique constraints ensure that the data contained in a column or a group of columns is unique with respect to all the rows in the table.

In the Uniques tab, just simply click an unique field for editing. By using the unique toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected unique field.

Use the Name edit box to set the unique name.

To set field(s) as unique, click Fields to open the editor(s) for editing.

Enable

You can choose whether to enable/disable the unique constraint by checking/unchecking the box.

Oracle Table Checks

A check constraint is the most generic constraint type. It allows you to specify that the value in a certain column must satisfy a Boolean (truth-value) expression.

In the Checks tab, just simply click a check field for editing. By using the check toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected check field.

Use the Name edit box to set the check name.

Expression

Type in the definition for the check constraint. That is, set the condition for checking, e.g. "field_name1 > 0 AND field_name2 > field_name1" in the Expression edit box. A check constraint specified as a column constraint should reference that column's value only, while an expression appearing in a table constraint may reference multiple columns.

Enable

You can choose whether to enable/disable the check constraint by checking/unchecking the box.

Oracle Table Triggers

A trigger is a specification that the database should automatically execute a particular function whenever a certain type of operation is performed. Triggers can be defined to execute either before or after any INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE operation, either once per modified row, or once per SQL statement.

In the Triggers tab, just simply click a trigger field for editing. By using the trigger toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected trigger field.

Name

Set the trigger name.

Compound

Check to set the trigger as a compound trigger.

Note: Support from Orac1e 11g or later.

For Each

Set the trigger as a row trigger or statement trigger.

Fires

Specify the trigger timing whether the trigger action is to be run before or after the triggering statement.

Insert

Fire the trigger whenever an INSERT statement adds a row to a table or adds an element to a nested table.

Update

Fire the trigger whenever an UPDATE statement changes a value in one of the columns specified in Update Of Fields.

If no Update Of Fields are present, the trigger will be fired whenever an UPDATE statement changes a value in any column of the table or nested table.

Delete

Fire the trigger whenever a DELETE statement removes a row from the table or removes an element from a nested table.

Update Of Fields

Specify the fields for UPDATE statement trigger upon necessary. Click to select field(s).

Enable

You can choose whether to enable / disable the trigger constraint by checking / unchecking the box.

Body

Type in the definition for the trigger. Example:

BEGIN

add_job_history(:old.employee_id, :old.hire_date, sysdate,

:old.job_id, :old.department_id);

END;

Old

Specify correlation names. The default correlation name is OLD.

New

Specify correlation names. The default correlation name is NEW.

When

Specify the trigger condition, which is a SQL condition that must be satisfied for the database to fire the trigger. This condition must contain correlation names and cannot contain a query.

Schema

Define the trigger on the current schema.

Follows

Specify the relative firing order of triggers of the same type.

Note: Support from Orac1e 11g or later.

Oracle Table Options

Tablespace

Define a tablespace different from the default tablespace to create a table.

Logging

Specify whether creation of a database object will be logged in the redo log file (LOGGING) or not (NOLOGGING).

Table Compression

Specify whether to compress data segments to reduce disk use. It is valid only for heap-organized tables.

COMPRESS

COMPRESS FOR ALL

OPERATIONS

COMPRESS FOR DIRECT_LOAD

OPERATIONS

NOCOMPRESS

Enable table compression.

Attempt to compress data during all DML operations on the table.

Attempt to compress data during direct-path INSERT operations when it is productive to do so.

Disable table compression.

Cache

Indicate how blocks are stored in the buffer cache.

CACHE

NOCACHE

Indicate that the blocks retrieved for this table are placed at the most recently used end of the least recently used (LRU) list in the buffer cache when a full table scan is performed.

Indicate that the blocks retrieved for this table are placed at the least recently used end of the LRU list in the buffer cache when a full table scan is performed.

Parallel with degree

Specify the degree of parallelism, which is the number of parallel threads used in the parallel operation.

Row movement

With the option on, it allows the database to move a table row. It is possible for a row to move, for example, during table compression or an update operation on partitioned data.

Physical Attributes

Oracle External Tables

External tables access data in external sources as if it were in a table in the database. While creating external tables, you are actually creating metadata in the data dictionary that enables you to access external data.

Note that external tables are read only. No DML operations are possible and no index can be created.

Fields for Oracle External Tables

Use the Name edit box to set the field name. Note that the name of the field must be unique among all the field names in the table.

The Type drop-down menu defines the type of the field data. See Oracle Built-in Datatypes for details.

Use the Size edit box to define the precision (total number of digits) of the field and use Scale edit box to define the

scale (number of digits to the right of the decimal point) for numeric column.

Note: Be careful when shortening the field length as it might result in data loss.

Field's Properties

Note: The following options depend on the field type you are chosen.

Day Precision

Set the number of digits in the leading field.

Fractional Seconds Precision

Set the number of digits in the fractional part of the SECOND datetime field.

Year Precision

Set the number of digits in the year.

Unit

Set the unit either in BYTE or CHAR.

Schema

Set the schema for the field type.

User-defined Type

Set the type for the field.

External Properties for Oracle External Tables

Default Directory

Specify the default directory for the external table.

Directory

Set the external directory.

Location

Set the external source location.

Access Driver Type

Specify the access driver for the external table. The default type for external tables is ORACLE_LOADER.

Reject Limit

Specify the limit on the number of errors that can occur during a query of the external data.

Parallel with degree

Check to enable parallel query on the data sources and specify the degree of parallel access.

Access Parameters for Oracle External Tables

Describe the mapping of the external data to the Oracle Database data columns.

Use CLOB subquery

Check this option to get a CLOB data value of the returned query.

Oracle Index Organized Tables

An index-organized table has a storage organization that is a variant of a primary B-tree. Data for an index-organized table is stored in a B-tree index structure in a primary key sorted manner. Each leaf block in the index structure stores both the key and nonkey columns.

Index-organized tables have full table functionality. They support features such as constraints, triggers etc with additional features such as key compression.

Note: The Table Designer for Index Organized Tables differs from Normal Tables only on the Options tab. Therefore,

you can refer to the Normal Table on the similar tabs.

Options for Oracle Index Organized Tables

Tablespace

Define a tablespace different from the default tablespace to create a table.

Logging

Specify whether creation of a database object will be logged in the redo log file (LOGGING) or not (NOLOGGING).

Parallel with degree

Specify the degree of parallelism, which is the number of parallel threads used in the parallel operation.

Key compress

Check this option to enable key compression. Upon necessary, you can also specify the prefix length (as the number of key columns), which identifies how the key columns are broken into a prefix and suffix entry.

Pct Threshold

When an overflow segment is being used, it defines the maximum size of the portion of the row that is stored in the index block, as a percentage of block size.

Mapping table

Specify if there is a mapping table for the index-organized table. Note that a mapping table is required for creating bitmap indexes on an index-organized table.

Physical Attributes

Refer to Physical Attributes/Default Storage Characteristics .

IOT Overflow

Option

Overflow

Last Index Column

Tablespace

Logging

Description

Check to enable an overflow storage area.

Note: After saving the table, this option cannot be unchecked.

Specify the column to be put in a separate overflow data segment.

Specify the tablespace in which the overflow segment to be stored.

Specify whether creation of a database object will be logged in the redo log file

(LOGGING) or not (NOLOGGING).

Refer to Physical Attributes/Default Storage Characteristics .

Physical Attributes

Oracle Views

Views are useful for allowing users to access a set of relations (tables) as if it were a single table, and limiting their access to just that. Views can also be used to restrict access to rows (a subset of a particular table). Click to open an object list for View.

You can create a view shortcut by drag the view out. It provides a convenient way for you to open your view without activating the main Navicat.

Button

Preview

Description

Preview and/or Explain the view.

Note: You can choose to show the Result tab below the editor or in a new tab by selecting Edit -> Show Result ->

Below Query Editor or In a New Tab.

View Builder (Available only in Full Version)

View Builder allows you to build views visually. It allows you to create and edit views without knowledge of SQL. See

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

View Editor

You can edit the view definition as SQL statement (SELECT statement it implements).

Hint:

Advanced Properties

Read only

Indicate that the table or view cannot be updated.

Check option

Indicate that Oracle Database prohibits any changes to the table or view that would produce rows that are not included in the subquery.

Constraint Name

Specify the name. If you omit this identifier, then Oracle automatically assigns a name of the form SYS_Cn, where n is an integer that makes the constraint name unique within the database.

Force on create

Check this option if you want to create the view regardless of whether the base tables of the view or the referenced object types exist or the owner of the schema containing the view has privileges on them.

View Viewer

View Viewer displays the view data as a grid. Data can be displayed in two modes: Grid View and Form View. See

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

Oracle Functions/Procedures

A procedure or function is a schema object that consists of a set of SQL statements and other PL/SQL constructs, grouped together, stored in the database, and run as a unit to solve a specific problem or perform a set of related tasks.

Procedures and functions are identical except that functions always return a single value to the caller, while procedures do not. Click to open an object list for Function.

Function Pop-up Window

Click the Add from the object list toolbar. A Window will pop up and it allows you to create a procedure/function easily.

Type

Define whether it is a procedure/function.

Name

Specify the name for the procedure/function.

Define the parameter(s) for the procedure/function. Set the parameter Name, Type, Mode and Default Value under corresponding columns.

Definition

The Code Outline window displays information about the function/procedure including parameter, code body, etc. To show the Code Outline window, simply choose Edit -> Show Code Outline from main menu.

Note: Available only in Full Version.

Button Description

Refresh the code outline.

Turn mouse over highlight on or off.

Show the code outline in a detail way.

Sort by type and name.

Expand the selected item.

Collapse the selected item.

Hint:

Result

Debug (Available only in Full Version)

To debug the function/procedure, click

Debug on the toolbar to launch the Oracle Debugger . Enter the Input

Parameters if necessary.

You can add/remove breakpoints for debugging by clicking in the grey area beside each statement.

Oracle Database Links

Database link is a named schema object that describes a path from one database to another and are implicitly used when a reference is made to a global object name in a distributed database. After you have created a database link,

you can use it to refer to tables and views on the other database. Click -> Database Link to open an object list for Database Link.

General Properties

Service Name

Specify the service name of a remote database.

User Name

The user name used to connect to the remote database using a fixed user database link.

Password

The password for connecting to the remote database.

Current User

With this option checked, a current user database link is created. The current user must be a global user with a valid account on the remote database.

Shared

Fill in Authentication User Name and Authentication Password when Shared option is enabled.

Oracle Indexes

Index provides a faster access path to table data. It is created using one or more columns of a table to speed SQL statement execution on that table. Click -> Index to open an object list for Index.

You can choose the index Type:

Non-unique

Unique

Bitmap

Domain

Cluster

A normal index does not impose restrictions on the column values.

A unique index indicates that no two rows of a table have duplicate values in the key columns.

A bitmap index created with a bitmap for each distinct key, rather than indexing each row separately. Bitmap indexes store the rowids associated with a key value as a bitmap. Each bit in the bitmap corresponds to a possible rowid.

A domain index is an index designed for a specialized domain, such as spatial or image processing. Users can build a domain index of a given type after the designer creates the indextype.

A cluster index is an index designed for a cluster.

General Properties for Non-unique and Unique Indexes

Table Schema

The schema that contains the index.

Table Name

The table name.

Fields

Use the Field drop-down menu to select the field name and Order drop-down menu to define the order of the index

(ASC or DESC).

General Properties for Bitmap Index

Table Schema

The schema that contains the index.

Table Name

The table name.

Bitmap Join Index

In addition to a bitmap index on a single table, you can create a bitmap join index, which is a bitmap index for the join of two or more tables. A bitmap join index is a space efficient way of reducing the volume of data that must be joined by performing restrictions in advance.

Fields

Use the Schema, Table and/or Field drop-down menus to select the schema, table and/or field name.

Bitmap Join

Use the Left Schema, Left Table, Left Field, Right Schema, Right Table and Right Field drop-down menus to select joined schemas, tables and fields respectively.

General Properties for Domain Index

Table Schema

The schema that contains the index.

Table Name

The table name.

Column

The column which the index is based.

Schema

The schema of the indextype.

Name

Select the created or built-in indextypes.

Parameters

Information about the path table and about the secondary indexes corresponding to the components of XMLIndex.

General Properties for Cluster Index

Cluster Schema

The schema that contains the index.

Cluster Name

The name of the cluster.

Advanced Properties

Unusable

An unusable index must be rebuilt, or dropped and re-created, before it can be used.

Tablespace

The name of the tablespace to hold the index.

Compress

To enable key compression, which eliminates repeated occurrence of key column values and may substantially reduce storage.

Note: No compression for Bitmap Indexes.

Parallel

The creation of the index will be parallelized.

Reverse

To store the bytes of the index block in reverse order, excluding the rowid.

Logging

Choose LOGGING to log the creation of the index in the redo log file. Or, choose NOLOGGING for no log.

Visibility

Specify the index is VISIBLE or INVISIBLE to the optimizer.

Online

To indicate that DML operations on the table will be allowed during creation of the index.

No sort

To indicate to the database that the rows are already stored in the database in ascending order, so that Oracle

Database does not have to sort the rows when creating the index.

Physical Attributes

Set the physical attributes of an index.

Oracle Java

Java is an object-oriented programming language efficient for application-level programs. You can write and load applications within the database. Click -> Java to open an object list for Java.

You can choose the Type: Source, Class or Resource.

General Properties for Source

BFile

Select the Directory and type the File Name.

Load From File

Browse the File path of Java source file.

Plain Source

Type the source code in the Plain Source box.

General Properties for Class and Resource

BFile

Select the Directory and type the File Name.

Load From File

Browse the File path of Java class or Java resource file.

Advanced Properties

Invoker Rights

Select Current User to indicate that the methods of the class execute with the privileges of current user or Definer to indicate that the methods of the class execute with the privileges of the owner of the schema in which the class resides, and that external names resolve in the schema where the class resides.

Resolver

Specify a mapping of the fully qualified Java name to a Java schema object.

Compile / Resolve

Check this to specify that Oracle Database should attempt to resolve the Java schema object that is created if this statement succeeds.

No force

Check this to roll back the results of the CREATE command of Java if you have enabled Compile or Resolve and the resolution or compilation fails. If you do not specify this option, then Oracle Database takes no action if the resolution or compilation fails, and the created schema object remains.

Oracle Materialized Views

Materialized view is a schema object that can be used to summarize, compute, replicate, and distribute data. Click

-> Materialized View to open an object list for Materialized View.

Button

Preview

Description

Preview and/or Explain the materialized view.

Note: You can choose to show the Result tab below the editor or in a new tab by selecting Edit -> Show Result ->

Below Query Editor or In a New Tab.

View Builder (Available only in Full Version)

View Builder allows you to build views visually. It allows you to create and edit views without knowledge of SQL. See

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

View Editor

You can edit the view definition as SQL statement (SELECT statement it implements).

Hint:

Advanced Properties

When

DEMAND

COMMIT

The materialized view will be refreshed on demand by calling one of the three DBMS_MVIEW refresh procedures.

A fast refresh is to occur whenever the database commits a transaction that operates on a master table of the materialized view.

AUTOMATIC The database automatically refresh the materialized view with the automatic refresh time.

NEVER The materialized view will not be refreshed with any Oracle Database refresh mechanism or packaged procedure.

Start With

A datetime expression for the first automatic refresh time.

Next

A datetime expression for calculating the interval between automatic refreshes.

Method

FORCE

FAST

When a refresh occurs, Oracle Database will perform a fast refresh if one is possible or a complete refresh if fast refresh is not possible.

A incremental refresh method, which performs the refresh according to the changes that have

occurred to the master tables.

COMPLETE A complete refresh method, which is implemented by executing the defining query of the materialized view.

Type

PRIMARY KEY

ROW ID

A primary key materialized view.

A rowid materialized view.

Master

The remote rollback segment is used at the remote master site for the individual materialized view.

Local

The remote rollback segment is used for the local refresh group that contains the materialized view.

Constraints

ENFORCED Oracle Database use enforced constraints during the refresh operation.

TRUSTED Oracle Database use dimension and constraint information that has been declared trustworthy by the database administrator but that has not been validated by the database.

No Index

Check this to suppress the creation of the default index.

Build Type

IMMEDIATE The materialized view is to be populated immediately.

DEFERRED The materialized view is to be populated by the next refresh operation.

PREBUILT To register an existing table as a preinitialized materialized view.

Prebuilt Option

WITH REDUCED

PRECISON

WITHOUT REDUCED

PRECISON

To authorize the loss of precision that will result if the precision of the table or materialized view columns do not exactly match the precision returned by subquery.

To require that the precision of the table or materialized view columns match exactly the precision returned by subquery, or the create operation will fail.

Compress

COMPRESS Data segments are compressed to reduce disk and memory use.

NOCOMPRESS No data segments are compressed.

Parallel

Choose NOPARALLEL for serial execution or PARALLEL if you want Oracle to select a degree of parallelism equal to the number of CPUs available on all participating instances times the value of the PARALLEL_THREADS_PER_CPU initialization parameter.

With Degree

Set the default degree of parallelism for queries and DML on the materialized view after creation.

Logging

Choose LOGGING for logging the creation of Materialized view in the redo log file. Choose NOLOGGING for no logging.

Tablespace

Choose the tablespace in which the materialized view is to be created.

Cache

CACHE

NOCACHE

The blocks retrieved for the table are placed at the most recently used end of the least recently used (LRU) list in the buffer cache when a full table scan is performed.

The blocks are placed at the least recently used end of the LRU list.

For update

Check this to allow a subquery, primary key, object, or rowid materialized view to be updated. When used in conjunction with Advanced Replication, these updates will be propagated to the master.

Enable query rewrite

The materialized view is used for query rewrite.

Physical Attributes

Set the Physical Attributes of the materialized view.

Using Index Clause

Option

Tablespace

Physical

Attributes

Description

Choose the tablespace of the index.

Set the Physical Attributes for the default index Oracle Database uses to maintain the

materialized view data.

View Viewer

View Viewer displays the view data as a grid. Data can be displayed in two modes: Grid View and Form View. See

Materialized view log is a schema object that records changes to a master table's data so that a Materialized View

Oracle Materialized View Logs

defined on the master table can be refreshed incrementally. Click -> Materialized View Log to open an object list for Materialized View Log.

General Properties

Master Table

The table of the materialized view log.

Tablespace

The tablespace of the materialized view log.

Logging

To specify either LOGGING or NOLOGGING to establish the logging characteristics for the materialized view log.

Cache

CACHE

NOCACHE

The blocks retrieved for this log are placed at the most recently used end of the least recently used (LRU) list in the buffer cache when a full table scan is performed.

The blocks are placed at the least recently used end of the LRU list.

New Values

INCLUDING To save both new and old values in the log.

EXCLUDING To disable the recording of new values in the log.

Parallel

To determine the number of parallel threads used in the parallel operation.

Physical Attributes

Set the Physical Attributes of a materialized view log.

Object ID

The system-generated or user-defined object identifier of every modified row should be recorded in the materialized view log.

Primary Key

The primary key of all rows changed should be recorded in the materialized view log.

Row ID

The rowid of all rows changed should be recorded in the materialized view log.

Sequence

A sequence value providing additional ordering information should be recorded in the materialized view log.

Filter Columns

Choose the columns whose values you want to be recorded in the materialized view log for all rows that are changed.

Oracle Packages

Packages are encapsulated collections of related procedures, stored functions, and other program objects stored together in the database. Package bodies, specified subsequently, defines these objects. An package consists of two parts: a specification and a body. Click -> Package to open an object list for Package.

The Code Outline window displays information about the package/package body including function, procedure, parameter, code body, etc. To show the Code Outline window, simply choose Edit -> Show Code Outline from main menu.

Note: Available only in Full Version.

Button Description

Refresh the code outline.

Turn mouse over highlight on or off.

Show the code outline in a detail way.

Sort by type and name.

Expand the selected item.

Collapse the selected item.

Package's Definition

Enter the package's definition. After saving the package, you can edit the Package Body. Just click New Package

Body or Edit Package Body to open the Package Body Designer.

Hint:

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

Package Body's Definition

Enter the package body's definition. To edit the Package Specification, click Package to open the Package

Designer.

Hint:

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

Result

To run the package click Execute on the toolbar. If the SQL statement is correct, the statement will be executed and, if the statement is supposed to return data, the Result tab opens with the data returned by the package. If an error occurs while executing the package, execution stops, the appropriate error message is displayed. Select the function/procedure and enter the parameter(s) if the function/procedure has input parameter(s).

Debug (Available only in Full Version)

To debug the package click

Debug on the toolbar to launch the Oracle Debugger . Select the function/procedure

and enter the parameter(s) if the function/procedure has input parameter(s).

You can add/remove breakpoints for debugging by clicking in the grey area beside each statement.

Oracle Sequences

Sequence involves creating and initializing a new special single-row table. It is usually used to generate unique identifiers for rows of a table. Click -> Sequence to open an object list for Sequence.

General Properties

Starting Value

To specify the first sequence number to be generated.

Increment

To specify which value is added to the current sequence value to create a new value. A positive value will make an ascending sequence, a negative one a descending sequence. The default value is 1.

Minimum Value

The minimum value a sequence can generate.

Maximum Value

The maximum value for the sequence.

Cache Size

To specify how many values of the sequence the database preallocates and keeps in memory for faster access. The minimum value for this parameter is 2.

No Cache

This option indicates that values of the sequence are not preallocated.

Cyclic

This option allows the sequence continues to generate values after reaching either its maximum or minimum value.

After an ascending sequence reaches its maximum value, it generates its minimum value. After a descending sequence reaches its minimum, it generates its maximum value.

Order

This option guarantees that sequence numbers are generated in order of request.

Oracle Synonyms

Synonym is an alias for any table, view, materialized view, synonym, procedure, function, package, type, Java class schema object, user-defined object type, or another synonym. Because a synonym is simply an alias, it requires no storage other than its definition in the data dictionary. Click -> Synonym to open an object list for Synonym.

General Properties

DB Link

A complete or partial database link to create a synonym for a schema object on a remote database where the object is located.

Object Schema

The schema in which the object resides.

Object Type

The object type.

Object Name

The object for which the synonym is created.

Oracle Triggers

Triggers are similar to procedures. A trigger stored in the database can include SQL and PL/SQL or Java statements to run as a unit and can invoke procedures. Click -> Trigger to open an object list for Trigger.

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

You can choose the Trigger Type: TABLE, VIEW, SCHEMA or DATABASE.

General Properties for Table Trigger

Enabled

An enabled trigger runs its trigger action if a triggering statement is issued and the trigger restriction (if any) evaluates to true.

Table Owner

The owner of the table.

Table Name

The table you wish to create the trigger.

Compound

A compound trigger is a single trigger on a table that allows you to specify actions for each of four timing points:

Timing Point

Before the triggering statement executes

After the triggering statement executes

Before each row that the triggering statement affects

After each row that the triggering statement affects

Section

BEFORE STATEMENT

AFTER STATEMENT

BEFORE EACH ROW

AFTER EACH ROW

Note: Support from Oracle 11g or later and you can edit the SQL in Trigger Definition.

Fire

When defining a trigger, you can specify the trigger timing - whether the trigger action is to be run Before or After the triggering statement.

For Each

Oracle Database fires a ROW trigger once for each row that is affected by the triggering statement and fires a

STATEMENT trigger only once when the triggering statement is issued if the optional trigger constraint is met.

When

To specify the trigger condition, which is a SQL condition that must be satisfied for the database to fire the trigger.

Insert

The trigger is activated whenever adding a row to a table or adds an element to a nested table.

Delete

The trigger is activated whenever removing a row from the table or removes an element from a nested table.

Update

The trigger is activated whenever changing a value in one of the fields selected in Columns.

General Properties for View Trigger

Enabled

An enabled trigger runs its trigger action if a triggering statement is issued and the trigger restriction (if any) evaluates to true.

View Owner

The owner of the view.

View Name

The view you wish to create the trigger.

Compound

To specify the Instead Of Trigger.

Nested table

To select the nested table field.

Note: Support from Oracle 11g or later and you can edit the SQL in Trigger Definition.

Insert

The trigger is activated whenever adding a row to a table or adds an element to a nested table.

Delete

The trigger is activated whenever removing a row from the table or removes an element from a nested table.

Update

The trigger is activated whenever changing a value in a row.

General Properties for Schema Trigger

Enabled

An enabled trigger runs its trigger action if a triggering statement is issued and the trigger restriction (if any) evaluates to true.

Schema

The schema of the trigger.

Fire

When defining a trigger, you can specify the trigger timing - whether the trigger action is to be run Before or After the triggering statement.

When

To specify the trigger condition, which is a SQL condition that must be satisfied for the database to fire the trigger.

Events

Choose the DDL statements that can cause the trigger to fire.

General Properties for Database Trigger

Enabled

An enabled trigger runs its trigger action if a triggering statement is issued and the trigger restriction (if any) evaluates to true.

Fire

When defining a trigger, you can specify the trigger timing - whether the trigger action is to be run Before or After the triggering statement.

When

To specify the trigger condition, which is a SQL condition that must be satisfied for the database to fire the trigger.

Events

Choose the DDL statements that can cause the trigger to fire.

Advanced Properties for Table and View Trigger

Old

Correlation names of the old nested table.

New

Correlation names of the new nested table.

Parent

Correlation names of the parent table.

Follows

To indicate that the trigger should fire after the specified triggers. Use the Schema drop-down menu to select the schema name and Trigger Name drop-down menu to select the trigger.

Note: Support from Oracle 11g or later.

Definition

You can edit valid SQL or procedure statements in the trigger definition inside BEGIN and END.

The Code Outline window displays information about the trigger. To show the Code Outline window, simply choose

Edit -> Show Code Outline from main menu.

Note: Available only in Full Version.

Button Description

Refresh the code outline.

Turn mouse over highlight on or off.

Show the code outline in a detail way.

Sort by type and name.

Expand the selected item.

Collapse the selected item.

Hint:

Oracle Types

Type is an user-defined datatype that model the structure and behavior of the data in an application. An object type consists of two parts: a specification and a body. The type body always depends on its type specification. A collection type is a named varying array (varray) or a nested table type. Click -> Type to open an object list for Type.

To create an object type, simply click Add from the object list toolbar. Or, you can click-and-hold on Add to choose the type Object / Collection.

The Code Outline window displays information about the object type/object type body including declaration, etc. To show the Code Outline window, simply choose Edit -> Show Code Outline from main menu.

Note: Available only in Full Version.

Button Description

Refresh the code outline.

Turn mouse over highlight on or off.

Show the code outline in a detail way.

Sort by type and name.

Expand the selected item.

Collapse the selected item.

Object Type's Definition

Enter the object type's definition. After saving the object type, you can edit the Object Type Body. Just click New

Type Body or Edit Type Body to open the Type Body Designer.

Hint:

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

Object Type Body's Definition

Enter the object type body's definition. To edit the Object Type Specification, click Type to open the Object Type

Designer.

Hint:

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

Collection Type

Nested table

Create a nested table type.

Varying array

Create a varray type and determine the array size of the varray type.

Data Type

Select the Oracle Database built-in datatype or user-defined type of the attribute.

Data Type Parameter(s)

Determine the corresponding data type parameters.

Oracle XML Schemas

XML Schema is a schema definition language written in XML. It can be used to describe the structure and various other semantics of conforming instance documents. Click -> XML Schema to open an object list for XML Schema.

Schema Doc

Enter a valid XML schema document under the Schema Doc tab.

Advanced Properties

Local

Check this to register as local schemas.

Force On Schema Registration

Check this to ignore errors generated during schema evolution.

Object Types

Check this to enable the schema compiler to generate object types.

Java Beans

Check this to enable the schema compiler to generate Java beans.

Default Tables

Check this to enable the schema compiler to generate default tables.

REGISTER_NODOCID

Check this to prevent the creation of this column if the user wishes to optimize on storage.

REGISTER_BINARYXML

Check this to register the schema for Binary XML.

REGISTER_NT_AS_IOT

Check this to store nested tables created during schema registration as index organized tables.

REGISTER_AUTO_OOL

Check this to automatically move large types out of line.

Enable Hierarchy

ENABLE_HIERARCHY_NONE

ENABLE_HIERARCHY_CONTENTS

Enable hierarchy will not be called on any tables created while registering that schema.

Enable hierarchy will be called for all tables created during schema registration with hierarchy_type as

DBMS_XDBZ.ENABLE_CONTENTS.

ENABLE_HIERARCHY_RESMETADATA Enable hierarchy will be called on all tables created during schema registration with hierarchy_type as

DBMS_XDBZ.ENABLE_RESMETADATA.

Oracle Recycle Bin

Recycle bin is actually a data dictionary table containing information about dropped objects. Dropped tables and any associated objects such as indexes, constraints, nested tables, and the likes are not removed and still occupy space.

They continue to count against user space quotas, until specifically purged from the recycle bin or the unlikely situation

where they must be purged by the database because of tablespace space constraints. Click -> Recycle Bin to open an object list for Recycle Bin.

To restore a table

1. Choose a table in recycle bin.

2. Click Flashback from the object list toolbar.

To remove an object

1. Select an object for purging in the Object List pane.

2. Click Purge from the object list toolbar.

3. Confirm deleting in the dialog window.

To remove all objects

1. Control-click and select Purge Recycle Bin from the pop-up menu.

2. Confirm deleting in the dialog window.

To remove all objects of any users

1. Log in a user has the SYSDBA privilege.

2. Control-click and select the Purge DBA Recycle Bin from the pop-up menu.

3. Confirm deleting in the dialog window.

Oracle Directories

A directory object specifies an alias for a directory on the server file system where external binary file LOBs (BFILEs) and external table data are located. All directories are created in a single namespace and are not owned by an individual schema. Click -> Directory to open an object list for Directory.

General Properties

Path Name

Specify the full path name of the operating system directory of the server where the files are located. The path name is case sensitive.

Oracle Tablespaces

Tablespaces are the allocation of space in the database that can contain schema objects. Click ->

Tablespace to open an object list for Tablespace.

General Properties

Tablespace Type

PERMANENT A permanent tablespace contains persistent schema objects. Objects in permanent tablespaces are stored in datafiles.

TEMPORARY A temporary tablespace contains schema objects only for the duration of a session. Objects in temporary tablespaces are stored in tempfiles.

UNDO An undo tablespace is a type of permanent tablespace used by Oracle Database to manage undo data if you are running your database in automatic undo management mode.

Name

Set the name of the datafile/tempfile.

Size

Set the size of the datafile/tempfile.

Unit

Define the size unit of the datafile/tempfile. Specify the maximum disk space allowed for automatic extension of the datafile. Use the drop-down menu K, M, G or T to specify the size in kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes or terabytes.

Reuse

To allow Oracle to reuse an existing file.

Path

Specify the path of the datafile/tempfile.

Autoextend

To ON (enable) or OFF (disable) the automatic extension of a new or existing datafile or tempfile.

Next Size

Specify the size in bytes of the next increment of disk space to be allocated automatically when more extents are required. The default is the size of one data block. Use the drop-down menu K, M, G or T to specify the size in kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes or terabytes.

Unlimited max

Unlimited disk space that Oracle can allocate to the datafile or tempfile.

Max Size

Specify the maximum disk space allowed for automatic extension of the datafile. Use the drop-down menu K, M, G or T to specify the size in kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes or terabytes.

Storage

File Type

BIGFILE A bigfile tablespace contains only one datafile or tempfile, which can contain up to approximately 4 billion (2

) blocks. The maximum size of the single datafile or tempfile is 128 terabytes (TB) for a tablespace with 32K blocks and 32TB for a tablespace with 8K blocks.

SMALLFILE A smallfile tablespace is a traditional Oracle tablespace, which can contain 1022 datafiles or tempfiles, each of which can contain up to approximately 4 million (2

) blocks.

Minimum Extent Size

The minimum size of an extent in the tablespace. Use the drop-down menu K, M, G or T to specify the size in kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes or terabytes.

Block size

The block size for the tablespace.

Use storage option

Click

Storage Option

to set the storage options of the tablespace.

Table Compression

Use the drop-down menu to select the type of compressing data segments to reduce disk use.

Manual segment management

To manage the free space of segments in the tablespace using free lists.

Extent Management

DICTIONARY Extent management by the data dictionary.

LOCAL Extent management by the bitmaps.

Allocation

AUTOALLOCATE The tablespace is system managed.

UNIFORM The tablespace is managed with uniform extents of size.

Uniform Size

The size of uniform extent. The default size is 1 megabyte. Use the drop-down menu K, M, G or T to specify the size in kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes or terabytes. If you do not specify any of the abbreviations, then the size is interpreted as bytes.

Advanced Properties

Logging

LOGGING Log all objects within the tablspace in the redo log file.

NOLOGGING No operations are logged.

Force logging

Oracle Database will log all changes to all objects in the tablespace except changes to temporary segments, overriding any NOLOGGING setting for individual objects.

Offline

The tablespace is unavailable immediately (offline) after creation.

Retention guarantee

Oracle Database should preserve unexpired undo data in all undo segments of tablespace even if doing so forces the failure of ongoing operations that need undo space in those segments.

Tablespace Group

To determine whether tablespace is a member of a tablespace group.

Flashback

ON Oracle Database will save Flashback log data for this tablespace and the tablespace can participate in a FLASHBACK DATABASE operation.

Oracle Database will not save any Flashback log data for this tablespace. OFF

Use encryption

Enable the encryption properties of the tablespace.

Algorithm

To select the encryption algorithm.

Oracle Public Database Links

Public database Link is a database link created by a DBA on a local database that is accessible to all users on that database. Click -> Public Database Link to open an object list for Public Database Link.

See Database Link for details.

Oracle Public Synonyms

Public synonym is a synonym owned by the special user group named PUBLIC and every user in a database can access it. Click -> Public Synonym to open an object list for Public Synonym.

See Synonyms for details.

PostgreSQL Objects

General Properties

To create a database, you must have the Can create database (usecreatedb) right. Refer to Role Designer

or User

Designer on how to set user properties.

Name

Define the name of the database.

Owner

Define the owner for the database. If omitted, defaults to the user executing the command. Only superusers may create database owned by users other than themselves.

Encoding

Define the encoding for the database. If omitted, the default is the encoding of the template database.

Collation Order

Define the collation order (LC_COLLATE) to use in the new database. This affects the sort order applied to strings, e.g. in queries with ORDER BY, as well as the order used in indexes on text columns. The default is to use the collation order of the template database.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.4 or later.

Character Classification

Define the character classification (LC_CTYPE) to use in the new database. This affects the categorization of characters, e.g. lower, upper and digit. The default is to use the character classification of the template database.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.4 or later.

Template

Create the database from a template database.

Note: It is essential that the source database be idle (no data-altering transactions in progress) for the duration of the copying operation. CREATE DATABASE will check that no session (other than itself) is connected to the source database at the start of the operation, but this does not guarantee that changes cannot be made while the copy proceeds, which would result in an inconsistent copied database. Therefore, it is recommended that databases used as templates be treated as read-only.

Tablespace

Define the tablespace for the database. If omitted, defaults to pg_default.

Connection Limit

Define how many concurrent connections can be made to this database. -1 (the default) means no limit.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.1 or later.

PostgreSQL Debugger (Available only in Full Version)

Navicat provides PostgreSQL debugger for debugging PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL functions.

You can perform the most commonly used actions for debugging on the toolbar or menu:

Button

Run

Description

Start running code in debug mode. The debugger executes your code until the end of the code or the next breakpoint is reached. Keyboard shortcut:

OPTION-CMD-ENTER

Step Over

Resume the execution. The current line will be executed. If the line is a function call, it will bypass the function. The counter will then move to the next line of code.

Keyboard shortcut: SHIFT-CMD-O

Step In

Resume the execution. The current line will be executed. If the line is a function call, the counter goes to the first statement in the function. Otherwise, the counter will move to the next line of code. Keyboard shortcut: SHIFT-CMD-I

Step Out

Resume the execution. The remaining part of the code within the current function will be executed.

Step End

Resume the execution. The counter will jump to the last line of the function.

Keyboard shortcut: SHIFT-CMD-E

Stop

Stop stepping the code. The execution will stop and cannot resume it. Keyboard shortcut: SHIFT-CMD-ENTER

The Breakpoints tab displays all the breakpoints. You can delete a breakpoint, simply control-click a breakpoint and choose Delete.

The Stacks tab displays the function calls of the current line.

The Data tab displays the varaibles in function.

Variable Name of the variable. To delete a watch variable, simply control-click a variable and choose Delete.

The Code pane shows the code of the function, etc. You can add/remove breakpoints for debugging by clicking in the grey area beside each statement.

The Log pane shows the message log and output when debugging the code.

PostgreSQL Schemas

A schema is essentially a namespace: it contains named objects (tables, data types, functions, and operators) whose names may duplicate those of other objects existing in other schemas. The schema name must be distinct from any existing schema name in the current database.

General Properties

Name

The name of a schema to be created. The name cannot begin with pg_, as such names are reserved for system schemas.

Owner

The name of the user who will own the schema. If omitted, defaults to the user executing the command.

PostgreSQL Tables

To create a new normal table, simply click Add from the object list toolbar. Or, you can click-and-hold on Add to choose the type Normal / Foreign.

When open a table with graphical fields, control-click a table and select Open Table (Quick) from the pop-up menu.

Faster performance for opening the graphical table, as BLOB fields (images) will not be loaded until you click on the cell.

If you do wish Navicat loads all your images while opening the table, click Open button from the object list toolbar.

You can create a table shortcut by drag the table out. It provides a convenient way for you to open your table for entering data directly without activating the main Navicat.

PostgreSQL Normal Tables

Tables are the basic unit of data storage in a PostgreSQL database. Data is stored in rows and columns. You define a table with a table name and set of columns.

PostgreSQL Table Fields

Use the Name edit box to set the field name. Note that the name of the field must be unique among all the field names in the table.

The Type drop-down menu defines the type of the field data. See PostgreSQL Data Types for details.

Use the Length edit box to define the length of the field and use Decimals edit box to define the number of digits after the decimal point (the scale) for Floating Point data type.

Note: Be careful when shortening the field length as losing data might be caused.

Dimensions

Set the dimensions of array specifiers.

Not Null

Check this box to not allow the NULL values for the field.

Key

A Primary Key is a single field or combination of fields that uniquely defines a record. None of the fields that are part of the primary key can contain a null value.

Field's Properties

Note: The following options depend on the field type you are chosen.

Default Value

Set the default value for the field.

Comment

Set any optional text describing the current field.

Collation

Set the collation of the column (which must be of a collatable data type). If not specified, the column data type's default collation is used.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 9.1 or later.

Schema

Set the schema for the field type.

User-defined Type

Set the type for the field.

PostgreSQL Table Indexes

Indexes are primarily used to enhance database performance (though inappropriate use can result in slower performance). An index field can be an expression computed from the values of one or more columns of the table row.

This feature can be used to obtain fast access to data based on some transformation of the basic data.

In the Indexes tab, just simply click an index field for editing. By using the index toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected index field.

Use the Name edit box to set the index name. No schema name can be included here; the index is always created in the same schema as its parent table.

To include field(s) in the index, just simply click Fields to open the editor for editing.

Note: Some of field types do not allow indexing by several fields.

The Index Type drop-down menu defines the type of the table index.

Unique

Makes index unique, causes the system to check for duplicate values in the table when the index is created (if data already exist) and each time data is added.

Cluster

CLUSTER instructs PostgreSQL to cluster the table specified by tablename based on the index specified by indexname. The index must already have been defined on tablename.

When a table is clustered, PostgreSQL remembers on which index it was clustered. The form CLUSTER tablename reclusters the table on the same index that it was clustered before.

Tablespace

The tablespace in which to create the index.

Constraints

If you wish to create partial index, enter constraint condition in this edit box. A partial index is an index that contains entries for only a portion of a table, usually a portion that is more useful for indexing than the rest of the table.

Buffering

Use the buffering build technique to build the index.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 9.2 or later.

Fill Factor

The fillfactor for an index.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.2 or later.

Comment

Define the comment for the index.

Fields Editor

Select the field(s) from the Field list.

Collation

Choose the collation for the index.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 9.1 or later.

Order

Specify the sort order: ASC or DESC.

Nulls

Specify that nulls sort before(FIRST)/after(LAST) non-nulls.

PostgreSQL Table Foreign Keys

In the Foreign Keys tab, just simply click a foreign key field for editing. By using the foreign key toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected foreign key field.

Use the Name edit box to enter a name for the new key.

Use the Referenced Schema and Referenced Table drop-down menus to select a foreign schema and table respectively.

To include field(s)/referenced field(s) to the key, click Fields editing.

or Referenced Fields to open the editor(s) for

The On Delete and On Update drop-down menu define the type of the actions to be taken.

CASCADE

SET NULL Set the referencing column(s) to null.

NO ACTION Produce an error indicating that the deletion or update would create a foreign key constraint violation. If the constraint is deferred, this error will be produced at constraint check time if there still exist any referencing rows. This is the default action.

RESTRICT

Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the value of the referencing column to the new value of the referenced column, respectively.

Produce an error indicating that the deletion or update would create a foreign key constraint violation. This is the same as NO ACTION except that the check is not deferrable.

Related topic:

To create a trigger on a table, the user must have the TRIGGER privilege on the table.

Match Full

Check this option to not allow one column of a multicolumn foreign key to be null unless all foreign key columns are null.

Deferrable

The foreign key constraint can be deferred.

Deferred

The foreign key constraint is checked only at the end of the transaction.

Comment

Define the comment for the foreign key.

PostgreSQL Table Uniques

Unique constraints ensure that the data contained in a column or a group of columns is unique with respect to all the rows in the table.

In the Uniques tab, just simply click an unique field for editing. By using the unique toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected unique field.

Use the Name edit box to set the unique name.

To set field(s) as unique, click Fields to open the editor(s) for editing.

Index Tablespace

The tablespace of the unique constraint's index.

Fill Factor

The fillfactor for an unique is a percentage between 10 and 100. 100 (complete packing) is the default.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.2 or later.

Deferrable

The unique constraint can be deferred.

Deferred

The unique constraint is checked only at the end of the transaction.

Comment

Define the comment for the unique.

PostgreSQL Table Checks

A check constraint is the most generic constraint type. It allows you to specify that the value in a certain column must satisfy a Boolean (truth-value) expression.

In the Checks tab, just simply click a check field for editing. By using the check toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected check field.

Use the Name edit box to set the check name.

Expression

Set the condition for checking, e.g. "field_name1 > 0 AND field_name2 > field_name1" in the Expression edit box. A check constraint specified as a column constraint should reference that column's value only, while an expression appearing in a table constraint may reference multiple columns.

No Inherit

The check constraint will not propagate to child tables.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 9.2 or later.

Comment

Enter the comment for the check.

PostgreSQL Table Excludes

A exclude constraint guarantees that if any two rows are compared on the specified column(s) or expression(s) using the specified operator(s), not all of these comparisons will return TRUE.

In the Excludes tab, just simply click an exclude field for editing. By using the exclude toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected exclude field.

Note: Exclude is supported from PostgreSQL 9.0 or later.

Use the Name edit box to set the exclude name.

Index Method

The name of the index access method to be used.

Exclude Elements

Choose the element(s) to be excluded and specify the operator(s).

Index Tablespace

The tablespace of the exclude constraint's index.

Fill Factor

The fillfactor storage parameter of the exclude constraint's index.

Buffering

Use the buffering build technique to build the exclude constraint's index.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 9.2 or later.

Predicate

Specify an exclusion constraint on a subset of the table.

Deferrable

The exclude constraint can be deferred.

Deferred

The exclude constraint is checked only at the end of the transaction.

Comment

Define the comment for the exclude.

PostgreSQL Table Rules

The PostgreSQL rule system allows one to define an alternate action to be performed on insertions, updates, or deletions in database tables. Roughly speaking, a rule causes additional commands to be executed when a given command on a given table is executed.

Note: You must be the owner of a table to create or change rules for it.

In the Rules tab, just simply click a rule field for editing. By using the rule toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected rule field.

Use the Name edit box to set the rule name. This must be distinct from the name of any other rule for the same table.

Multiple rules on the same table and same event type are applied in alphabetical name order.

Event Type

The event is one of SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.

Do also instead

This indicates that the commands should be executed in addition to the original command.

This indicates that the commands should be executed instead of the original command.

Condition

Any SQL conditional expression (returning boolean). The condition expression may not refer to any tables except NEW and OLD, and may not contain aggregate functions.

Commands

The command or commands that make up the rule action. Valid commands are SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or NOTIFY.

Within condition and command, the special table names NEW and OLD may be used to refer to values in the referenced table. NEW is valid in ON INSERT and ON UPDATE rules to refer to the new row being inserted or updated.

OLD is valid in ON UPDATE and ON DELETE rules to refer to the existing row being updated or deleted.

Comment

Define the comment for the rule.

PostgreSQL Table Triggers

In the Triggers tab, just simply click a trigger field for editing. By using the trigger toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected trigger field.

Note:

Use the Name edit box to set the trigger name. This must be distinct from the name of any other trigger for the same table.

For Each

This specifies whether the trigger procedure should be fired once for every row affected by the trigger event, or just once per SQL statement.

Fires

Define the trigger action time. It can be before or after to indicate that the trigger activates before or after the statement that activated it.

Insert

The trigger is activated whenever a new row is inserted into the table.

Update

The trigger is activated whenever a row is modified.

Delete

The trigger is activated whenever a row is deleted from the table.

Update Of Fields

Specify a list of columns. The trigger will only fire if at least one of the listed columns is mentioned as a target of the

UPDATE command.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 9.1 or later.

Condition

Specify a Boolean WHEN condition, which will be tested to see whether the trigger should be fired.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 9.0 or later.

Function Schema and Function

A user-supplied function that is declared as taking no arguments and returning type trigger, which is executed when the trigger fires.

Arguments

An optional comma-separated list of arguments to be provided to the function when the trigger is executed. The arguments are literal string constants. Simple names and numeric constants may be written here, too, but they will all be converted to strings. Please check the description of the implementation language of the trigger function about how the trigger arguments are accessible within the function; it may be different from normal function arguments.

Comment

Define the comment for the trigger.

Constraint

Create a constraint trigger.

Deferrable

The trigger constraint can be deferred.

Deferred

The trigger constraint is checked only at the end of the transaction.

Referenced Table Schema and Referenced Table Name

The schema and the name of another table referenced by the constraint.

PostgreSQL Table Options

Unlogged

The table is created as an unlogged table. Data written to unlogged tables is not written to the write-ahead log, which makes them considerably faster than ordinary tables.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 9.1 or later.

Owner

Define the user to own this table.

Tablespace

Define a tablespace different from the default tablespace to create a table.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.0 or later.

Has oids

Check this option if you want to specify whether rows of the new table should have OIDs (object identifiers) assigned to them.

Inherits from

This option specifies a list of tables from which the new table automatically inherits all columns. Use of inheritance creates a persistent relationship between the new child table and its parent table(s). Schema modifications to the parent(s) normally propagate to children as well, and by default the data of the child table is included in scans of the parent(s).

Select the available table(s) from the list.

Fill Factor

The fillfactor for a table is a percentage between 10 and 100. 100 (complete packing) is the default. When a smaller fillfactor is specified, INSERT operations pack table pages only to the indicated percentage; the remaining space on each page is reserved for updating rows on that page. This gives UPDATE a chance to place the updated copy of a row on the same page as the original, which is more efficient than placing it on a different page. For a table whose entries are never updated, complete packing is the best choice, but in heavily updated tables smaller fillfactors are appropriate.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.2 or later.

PostgreSQL Foreign Tables

Foreign tables define the structure of the remote data. A foreign table can be used in queries just like a normal table, but a foreign table has no storage in the PostgreSQL server. Whenever it is used, PostgreSQL asks the foreign data wrapper to fetch data from the external source, or transmit data to the external source in the case of update commands.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 9.1 or later.

Fields for PostgreSQL Foreign Tables

Use the Name edit box to set the field name. Note that the name of the field must be unique among all the field names in the table.

The Type drop-down menu defines the type of the field data. See PostgreSQL Data Types for details.

Use the Length edit box to define the length of the field and use Decimals edit box to define the number of digits after the decimal point (the scale) for Floating Point data type.

Note: Be careful when shortening the field length as losing data might be caused.

Dimensions

Set the dimensions of array specifiers.

Not Null

Check this box to not allow the NULL values for the field.

Field's Properties

Note: The following options depend on the field type you are chosen.

Foreign Column Name

The foreign table's column name.

Options

Options to be associated with the foreign table column. The allowed option Name and Value are specific to each foreign data wrapper and are validated using the foreign-data wrapper's validator function.

Default Value

Set the default value for the field.

Comment

Set any optional text describing the current field.

Collation

Set the collation of the column (which must be of a collatable data type). If not specified, the column data type's default collation is used.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 9.1 or later.

Schema

Set the schema for the field type.

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User-defined Type

Set the type for the field.

Table Options for PostgreSQL Foreign Tables

Foreign Server

The name of an existing server for the foreign table.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 9.1 or later.

Options

Options to be associated with the foreign table. The allowed option Name and Value are specific to each foreign data wrapper and are validated using the foreign-data wrapper's validator function.

Owner

Define the user to own this table.

PostgreSQL Views

You can create a view shortcut by drag the view out. It provides a convenient way for you to open your view without activating the main Navicat.

Button

Preview

Description

Preview and/or Explain the view.

Note: You can choose to show the Result tab below the editor or in a new tab by selecting Edit -> Show Result ->

Below Query Editor or In a New Tab.

View Builder (Available only in Full Version)

View Builder allows you to build views visually. It allows you to create and edit views without knowledge of SQL. See

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

View Editor

You can edit the view definition as SQL statement (SELECT statement it implements).

Hint:

Rules

Use the Name edit box to set the rule name.

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Event Type

The event is one of SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.

Do also This indicates that the commands should be executed in addition to the original command. instead This indicates that the commands should be executed instead of the original command.

Condition

Any SQL conditional expression (returning boolean). The condition expression may not refer to any tables except NEW and OLD, and may not contain aggregate functions.

Commands

The command or commands that make up the rule action. Valid commands are SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or NOTIFY.

OLD is valid in ON UPDATE and ON DELETE rules to refer to the existing row being updated or deleted.

Comment

Define the comment for the rule.

View Viewer

View Viewer displays the view data as a grid. Data can be displayed in two modes: Grid View and Form View. See

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

PostgreSQL Functions

PostgreSQL provides four kinds of functions:

 query language functions (functions written in SQL)

 procedural language functions (functions written in, for example, PL/Tcl or PL/pgSQL)

 internal functions



C-language functions

Every kind of function can take base types, composite types, or combinations of these as arguments (parameters). In addition, every kind of function can return a base type or a composite type. Many kinds of functions can take or return certain pseudo-types (such as polymorphic types), but the available facilities vary. Click to open an object list for

Function.

Properties

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Owner

The owner of the function.

Language

The name of the language that the function is implemented in. May be SQL, C, internal, or the name of a user-defined procedural language. For backward compatibility, the name may be enclosed by single quotes.

Return Type Schema and Return Type

The return type of the function.

Volatility

These attributes inform the query optimizer about the behavior of the function. At most one choice may be specified. If none of these appear, VOLATILE is the default assumption.

IMMUTABLE The function cannot modify the database and always returns the same result when given the same argument values; that is, it does not do database lookups or otherwise use information not directly present in its argument list. If this option is given, any call of the function with all-constant arguments can be immediately replaced with the function value.

STABLE

VOLATILE

The function cannot modify the database, and that within a single table scan it will consistently return the same result for the same argument values, but that its result could change across

SQL statements. This is the appropriate selection for functions whose results depend on database lookups, parameter variables (such as the current time zone), etc. Also note that the current_timestamp family of functions qualify as stable, since their values do not change within a transaction.

The function value can change even within a single table scan, so no optimizations can be made. Relatively few database functions are volatile in this sense; some examples are random(), currval(), timeofday(). But note that any function that has side-effects must be classified volatile, even if its result is quite predictable, to prevent calls from being optimized away; an example is setval().

Security

INVOKER

DEFINER

Indicate that the function is to be executed with the privileges of the user that calls it.

Specify that the function is to be executed with the privileges of the user that created it.

Returns set

Indicate that the function will return a set of items, rather than a single item.

Strict

Indicate that the function always returns null whenever any of its arguments are null. If this parameter is specified, the function is not executed when there are null arguments; instead a null result is assumed automatically.

Parameter

Define function parameter.

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Estimated Cost

A positive number giving the estimated execution cost for the function, in units of cpu_operator_cost. If the function returns a set, this is the cost per returned row. If the cost is not specified, 1 unit is assumed for C-language and internal functions, and 100 units for functions in all other languages. Larger values cause the planner to try to avoid evaluating the function more often than necessary.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.3 or later.

Estimated Rows

A positive number giving the estimated number of rows that the planner should expect the function to return. This is only allowed when the function is declared to return a set. The default assumption is 1000 rows.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.3 or later.

Configuration Parameter

The specified configuration parameter to be set to the specified value when the function is entered, and then restored to its prior value when the function exits.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.3 or later.

Definition

Hint:

Result

To run the function, click Execute on the toolbar. If the SQL statement is correct, the statement will be executed and, if the statement is supposed to return data, the Result tab opens with the data returned by the function. If an error occurs while executing the function, execution stops, the appropriate error message is displayed. If the function requires input parameter, the Input Parameters box will pop up.

Debug (Available only in Full Version)

To debug the PL/pgSQL function, click

Debug on the toolbar to launch the PostgreSQL Debugger . Enter the Input

Parameters if necessary.

You can add/remove breakpoints for debugging by clicking in the grey area beside each statement.

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PostgreSQL Aggregates

Aggregate functions in PostgreSQL are expressed as state values and state transition functions. That is, an aggregate can be defined in terms of state that is modified whenever an input item is processed. To define a new aggregate function, one selects a data type for the state value, an initial value for the state, and a state transition function. The state transition function is just an ordinary function that could also be used outside the context of the aggregate. A final function can also be specified, in case the desired result of the aggregate is different from the data that needs to be kept in the running state value. Click -> Aggregate to open an object list for Aggregate.

General Properties

Owner

The owner of the aggregate function.

Input Type

An input data type on which this aggregate function operates.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.2 or later. For versions below 8.2, just select the Schema and Type from the drop-down menus.

State Type Schema and State type

The data type for the aggregate's state value.

State Function Schema and State function

The state transition function to be called for each input row. For an N-argument aggregate function, the state function must take N+1 arguments, the first being of type state_data_type and the rest matching the declared input data type(s) of the aggregate. The function must return a value of type state_data_type. This function takes the current state value and the current input data value(s), and returns the next state value.

Final Function Schema and Final function

The final function called to compute the aggregate's result after all input rows have been traversed. The function must take a single argument of type state_data_type. The return data type of the aggregate is defined as the return type of this function. If final function is not specified, then the ending state value is used as the aggregate's result, and the return type is state_data_type.

Initial Condition

The initial setting for the state value. This must be a string constant in the form accepted for the data type

state_data_type. If not specified, the state value starts out null.

Sort Operator Schema and Sort Operator

The associated sort operator for a MIN- or MAX-like aggregate. The operator is assumed to have the same input data types as the aggregate (which must be a single-argument aggregate).

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.1 or later.

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PostgreSQL Conversions

Conversion defines a new conversion between character set encodings. Conversion names may be used in the convert function to specify a particular encoding conversion. Also, conversions that are marked DEFAULT can be used for automatic encoding conversion between client and server. For this purpose, two conversions, from encoding A to B and from encoding B to A, must be defined. Click -> Conversion to open an object list for Conversion.

General Properties

Owner

The owner of the conversion function.

Source Encoding

The source encoding name.

Target Encoding

The destination encoding name.

Schema of Function and Function

The function used to perform the conversion. The function name may be schema-qualified. If it is not, the function will be looked up in the path.

The function must have the following signature:

conv_proc( integer, -- source encoding ID integer, -- destination encoding ID cstring, -- source string (null terminated C string) internal, -- destination (fill with a null terminated C string) integer -- source string length

) RETURNS void;

Default

Check this box to indicate that this conversion is the default for this particular source to destination encoding. There should be only one default encoding in a schema for the encoding pair.

PostgreSQL Domains

A domain is essentially a data type with optional constraints (restrictions on the allowed set of values). The user who defines a domain becomes its owner. Domains are useful for abstracting common constraints on fields into a single location for maintenance. For example, several tables might contain email address columns, all requiring the same

CHECK constraint to verify the address syntax. Define a domain rather than setting up each table's constraint individually. Click -> Domain to open an object list for Domain.

General Properties

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Underlying Type Category

Choose the underlying data type category: Base Type, Composite Type, Enum Type and Domain.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.2 or later.

Underlying Type Schema

Select schema of the underlying data type.

Underlying Type

Select the underlying data type of the domain from the drop-down menu.

Dimensions

The dimensions of array specifiers.

Length and Scale

Use the Length edit box to define the length of the field and use Scale edit box to define the number of digits after the decimal point. (if required for the selected data type)

Default

The DEFAULT clause specifies a default value for columns of the domain data type. The value is any variable-free expression (but subqueries are not allowed). The data type of the default expression must match the data type of the domain. If no default value is specified, then the default value is the null value.

The default expression will be used in any insert operation that does not specify a value for the column. If a default value is defined for a particular column, it overrides any default associated with the domain. In turn, the domain default overrides any default value associated with the underlying data type.

Not Null

Values of this domain are not allowed to be null.

Owner

The owner of the domain function. The user who defines a domain becomes its owner.

Check

The Check tab is provided for managing domain checks. It allows you to create new, edit, or delete the selected check.

CHECK clauses specify integrity constraints or tests which values of the domain must satisfy. Each constraint must be an expression producing a Boolean result. It should use the key word VALUE to refer to the value being tested.

PostgreSQL Indexes

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General Properties

Type

Define the type of the index.

Unique

Makes index unique, causes the system to check for duplicate values in the table when the index is created (if data already exist) and each time data is added.

Table Name

The name (possibly schema-qualified) of the table to be indexed.

Field

The name of a column of the table.

Collation

Choose the collation for the index.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 9.1 or later.

Order (only for btree index)

Specify the sort order: ASC or DESC.

Nulls (only for btree index)

Specify that nulls sort before(FIRST)/after(LAST) non-nulls.

Constraint

If you wish to create partial index, enter constraint condition in this tab. A partial index is an index that contains entries for only a portion of a table, usually a portion that is more useful for indexing than the rest of the table.

Advanced Properties

Cluster

CLUSTER instructs PostgreSQL to cluster the table specified by tablename based on the index specified by indexname. The index must already have been defined on tablename.

When a table is clustered, PostgreSQL remembers on which index it was clustered. The form CLUSTER tablename reclusters the table on the same index that it was clustered before.

Concurrently

When this option is used, PostgreSQL will build the index without taking any locks that prevent concurrent inserts, updates, or deletes on the table; whereas a standard index build locks out writes (but not reads) on the table until it's done.

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Tablespace

The tablespace in which to create the index.

Fill Factor (%)

The fillfactor for an index is a percentage that determines how full the index method will try to pack index pages.

Fast Update (only for gin index)

This setting controls usage of the fast update technique.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.4 or later.

Buffering (only for gist index)

Determine whether the buffering build technique is used to build the index.

PostgreSQL Operators

PostgreSQL supports left unary, right unary, and binary operators. Operators can be overloaded. At least one of

LEFTARG and RIGHTARG must be defined. For binary operators, both must be defined. For right unary operators, only LEFTARG should be defined, while for left unary operators only RIGHTARG should be defined. Click ->

Operator to open an object list for Operator.

Note: LEFTARG = Left type; RIGHTARG = Right type.

General Properties

Owner

The owner of the operator function.

Schema of Left Type and Left Type

The data type of the operator's left operand, if any. This option would be omitted for a left-unary operator.

Schema of Right Type and Right Type

The data type of the operator's right operand, if any. This option would be omitted for a right-unary operator.

Schema of Operator Function and Operator Function

The function used to implement this operator.

Advanced Properties

Schema of Restrict Function and Restrict Function

The restriction selectivity estimator function for this operator.

Schema of Join Function and Join Function

The join selectivity estimator function for this operator.

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Schema of Commutator and Commutator

The commutator of this operator.

Schema of Negator and Negator

The negator of this operator.

Hash join

The operator can support a hash join if this option on.

Merge join

The operator can support a merge join if this option on.

Additional Advanced Properties for PostgreSQL Version below 8.3

Schema of Left Sort Operator and Left Sort Operator

If this operator can support a merge join, the left sort operator that sorts the left-hand data type of this operator.

Schema of Right Sort Operator and Right Sort Operator

If this operator can support a merge join, the right sort operator that sorts the right-hand data type of this operator.

Schema of Less Than Operator and Less Than Operator

If this operator can support a merge join, the less-than operator that compares the input data types of this operator.

Schema of Greater Than Operator and Greater Than Operator

If this operator can support a merge join, the greater-than operator that compares the input data types of this operator.

PostgreSQL Materialized Views

Materialized view is a view of a query that is physically materialized. The query is executed and used to populate the view at the time the command is issued and may be refreshed later. Click -> Materialized View to open an object list for Materialized View.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 9.3 or later.

To refresh and completely replace the contents of a materialized view, control-click it in the Object List pane and select

Refresh Materialized View With from the pop-up menu.

Button

Preview

Description

Preview and/or Explain the materialized view.

Note: You can choose to show the Result tab below the editor or in a new tab by selecting Edit -> Show Result ->

Below Query Editor or In a New Tab.

View Builder (Available only in Full Version)

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View Builder allows you to build views visually. It allows you to create and edit views without knowledge of SQL. See

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

View Editor

You can edit the view definition as SQL statement (SELECT statement it implements).

Hint:

Advanced Properties

Owner

The owner of the materialized view.

Tablespace

The name of the tablespace in which the new materialized view is to be created.

Fill Factor

The fillfactor for a view is a percentage between 10 and 100. 100 (complete packing) is the default.

With Data

The materialized view should be populated at creation time.

View Viewer

View Viewer displays the view data as a grid. Data can be displayed in two modes: Grid View and Form View. See

PostgreSQL Operator Classes

An operator class defines how a particular data type can be used with an index. The operator class specifies that certain operators will fill particular roles or "strategies" for this data type and this index method. The operator class also specifies the support procedures to be used by the index method when the operator class is selected for an index column. All the operators and functions used by an operator class must be defined before the operator class is created.

Click -> Operator Class to open an object list for Operator Class.

Note: Two operator classes in the same schema can have the same name only if they are for different index methods.

General Properties

Owner

The owner of the operator class function.

Schema of Data Type and Data Type

The column data type that this operator class is for.

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Index Method

The name of the index method this operator class is for.

Schema of Storage Type and Storage type

The data type actually stored in the index. Normally this is the same as the column data type, but some index methods

(GIN and GiST for now) allow it to be different. The STORAGE clause must be omitted unless the index method allows a different type to be used.

Operator Family

The name of the existing operator family to add this operator class to. If not specified, a family named the same as the operator class is used (creating it, if it doesn't already exist).

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.3 or later.

Default operator

With this option selected, the operator class will become the default operator class for its data type. At most one operator class can be the default for a specific data type and index method.

Operators

Strategy No.

The index method's strategy number for an operator associated with the operator class.

Schema of operator and Operator Prototype

The operator associated with the operator class.

Recheck

With this option selected, the index is "lossy" for this operator, and so the rows retrieved using the index must be rechecked to verify that they actually satisfy the qualification clause involving this operator.

Note: Before PostgreSQL 8.4, the OPERATOR clause could include a RECHECK option. This is no longer supported because whether an index operator is "lossy" is now determined on-the-fly at runtime. This allows efficient handling of cases where an operator might or might not be lossy.

Functions

Support No.

The index method's support procedure number for a function associated with the operator class.

Schema of function and Function Prototype

The function that is an index method support procedure for the operator class.

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PostgreSQL Sequences

General Properties

Owner

The owner of the sequence function.

Starting Value

The starting value of the sequence.

Increment

Specify which value is added to the current sequence value to create a new value. A positive value will make an ascending sequence, a negative one a descending sequence. The default value is 1.

Minimum Value

Determine the minimum value a sequence can generate. If No minimum value is checked, then defaults will be used.

Maximum Value

Determine the maximum value for the sequence. If No maximum value is checked, then default values will be used.

Cache Size

Specify how many sequence numbers are to be preallocated and stored in memory for faster access.

Cyclic

This option allows the sequence to wrap around when the maxvalue or minvalue has been reached by an ascending or descending sequence respectively. If the limit is reached, the next number generated will be the minvalue maxvalue, respectively. Otherwise, any calls to nextval after the sequence has reached its maximum value will return an error.

Add owned by

Choose the Owned By Table and Owned By Column so that the sequence is associated with a specific table column, such that if that column (or its whole table) is dropped, the sequence will be automatically dropped as well. The specified table must have the same owner and be in the same schema as the sequence.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.2 or later.

PostgreSQL Triggers

Triggers are database operations that are automatically performed when a specified database event occurs. Click

-> Trigger to open an object list for Trigger.

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General Properties

Constraint

Check this box to create a constraint trigger.

Trigger Type

Choose the type of the trigger: Table or View.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 9.0 or later.

Table Name or View Name

Choose a table or view.

Before

The trigger can be specified to fire before the operation is attempted on a row.

After

The trigger can be specified to fire after the operation is attempted on a row.

Instead Of

The trigger can be specified to fire instead of the operation is attempted on a row.

Insert

The trigger is activated whenever a new row is inserted.

Update

The trigger is activated whenever a row is modified.

Delete

The trigger is activated whenever a row is deleted.

Truncate

Trigger defined to fire for TRUNCATE.

Update Of columns

Specify a list of columns. The trigger will only fire if at least one of the listed columns is mentioned as a target of the

UPDATE command.

Statement Level

Specify the trigger procedure should be fired once per SQL statement.

Row Level

Specify the trigger procedure should be fired once for every row affected by the trigger event.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 9.0 or later.

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Function Schema and Function Name

A user-supplied function that is declared as taking no arguments and returning type trigger, which is executed when the trigger fires.

Function Arguments

Condition

Specify a Boolean condition, which will be tested to see whether the trigger should be fired.

Constraint

Deferrable

The constraint can be deferred.

Initially Immediate

The constraint is checked after each statement.

Initially Deferred

The constraint is checked only at the end of the transaction.

Referenced Table Schema and Referenced Table Name

The schema and the name of another table referenced by the constraint.

PostgreSQL Trigger Functions

Trigger Function can be created with PL/pgSQL and referenced within a PostgreSQL trigger definition. The term

"trigger function" is a simply a way of referring to a function that is intended to be invoked by a trigger. Triggers define operations that are performed when a specific event occurs within the database. A PL/pgSQL trigger function can be referenced by a trigger as the operation to be performed when the trigger's event occurs.

The definition of a trigger and the definition of its associated trigger function are two different things. A trigger is defined with the SQL

CREATE TRIGGER

command, whereas trigger functions are defined using the SQL

CREATE

FUNCTION

command. Click -> Trigger Function to open an object list for Trigger Function.

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

Properties

Owner

The owner of the trigger function.

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Language

The name of the language that the function is implemented in. May be C, internal, or the name of a user-defined procedural language. For backward compatibility, the name may be enclosed by single quotes.

Return Type Schema and Return Type

The return type of the trigger function.

Hint:

Volatility

These attributes inform the query optimizer about the behavior of the function. At most one choice may be specified. If none of these appear, VOLATILE is the default assumption.

STABLE

VOLATILE

The function cannot modify the database, and that within a single table scan it will consistently return the same result for the same argument values, but that its result could change across SQL statements. This is the appropriate selection for functions whose results depend on database lookups, parameter variables (such as the current time zone), etc. Also note that the current_timestamp family of functions qualify as stable, since their values do not change within a transaction.

Security

INVOKER

DEFINER

Indicate that the function is to be executed with the privileges of the user that calls it.

Specify that the function is to be executed with the privileges of the user that created it.

Returns set

Indicate that the function will return a set of items, rather than a single item.

Strict

Parameter

Define trigger function parameter.

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Estimated Cost

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.2 or later.

Estimated Rows

A positive number giving the estimated number of rows that the planner should expect the function to return. This is only allowed when the function is declared to return a set.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.2 or later.

Configuration Parameter

The specified configuration parameter to be set to the specified value when the function is entered, and then restored to its prior value when the function exits.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.2 or later.

Definition

Debug (Available only in Full Version)

To debug the PL/pgSQL function, click

Debug on the toolbar to launch the PostgreSQL Debugger .

You can add/remove breakpoints for debugging by clicking in the grey area beside each statement.

PostgreSQL Types

Type registers a new data type for use in the current database. If a schema name is given then the type is created in the specified schema. Otherwise it is created in the current schema. The type name must be distinct from the name of any existing type or domain in the same schema. (Because tables have associated data types, the type name must also be distinct from the name of any existing table in the same schema.) Click -> Type to open an object list for Type.

Base types are those, like int4, that are implemented below the level of the SQL language (typically in a low-level language such as C). They generally correspond to what are often known as abstract data types. PostgreSQL can only operate on such types through functions provided by the user and only understands the behavior of such types to the extent that the user describes them. Base types are further subdivided into scalar and array types. For each scalar type, a corresponding array type is automatically created that can hold variable-size arrays of that scalar type.

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Composite types, or row types, are created whenever the user creates a table; it's also possible to define a

"stand-alone" composite type with no associated table. A composite type is simply a list of base types with associated field names. A value of a composite type is a row or record of field values. The user can access the component fields from SQL queries.

Enumerated (Enum) types are data types that are comprised of a static, predefined set of values with a specific order.

They are equivalent to the enum types in a number of programming languages. An example of an enum type might be the days of the week, or a set of status values for a piece of data.

Range types are data types representing a range of values of some element type (called the range's subtype).

Note: Enum Type was added in PostgreSQL 8.3. Range Type was added in PostgrerSQL 9.2.

General Properties for Base Type

Input Schema and Input

The function that converts data from the type's external textual form to its internal form.

Output Schema and Output

The function that converts data from the type's internal form to its external textual form.

Internal Length

A numeric constant that specifies the length in bytes of the new type's internal representation. The default assumption is that it is variable-length.

Variable

Check this option if the type length is unknown.

Pass by value

Indicate that values of this data type are passed by value rather than by reference.

Alignment

The storage alignment requirement of the data type. If specified, it must be char, int2, int4, or double; the default is int4.

Storage

The storage strategy for the data type. If specified, must be plain, external, extended, or main; the default is plain.

Element Type

The type being created is an array; this specifies the type of the array elements.

Default Value

The default value for the data type. If this is omitted, the default is null.

Delimiter

The delimiter character to be used between values in arrays made of this type.

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Advanced Properties for Base Type

The Advanced tab is supported from PostgreSQL 7.4 or later.

Owner

The owner of the type.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.0 or later.

Receive Schema and Receive

The function that converts data from the type's external binary form to its internal form.

Send Schema and Send

The function that converts data from the type's internal form to its external binary form.

Analyze Schema and Analyze

The function that performs statistical analysis for the data type.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.0 or later.

Type Modifier Input Schema and Type Modifier Input

The function that converts an array of modifier(s) for the type into internal form.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.3 or later.

Type Modifier Output Schema and Type Modifier Output

The function that converts the internal form of the type's modifier(s) to external textual form.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.3 or later.

General Properties for Composite Type

Name

The name of an attribute (column) for the composite type.

Type

The name of an existing data type to become a column of the composite type.

Length and Decimals

Use the Length edit box to define the length of the field and use Decimals edit box to define the number of digits after the decimal point. (if required for the selected data type)

Dimension

The dimension of array specifiers.

Advanced Properties for Composite Type

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Owner

The owner of the type.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.0 or later.

General Properties for Enum Type

Label

A string literal representing the textual label associated with one value of an enum type.

Advanced Properties for Enum Type

Owner

The owner of the type.

General Properties for Range Type

Subtype Schema and Subtype

The schema and the name of the element type that the range type will represent ranges of.

Operator Class Schema and Operator Class

The schema and the name of a b-tree operator class for the subtype.

Collate

The name of an existing collation to be associated with a column with a range type.

Canonical Schema and Canonical

The schema and the name of the canonicalization function for the range type.

Subtype Diff Schema and Subtype Diff

The schema and the name of a difference function for the subtype.

Owner

The owner of the type.

PostgreSQL Tablespaces

A tablespace allows superusers to define an alternative location on the file system where the data files containing database objects (such as tables and indexes) may reside. Click -> Tablespace to open an object list for

Tablespace.

Note: Tablespace was added in PostgreSQL 8.0.

The Comment tab is supported from PostgreSQL 8.2 or later.

General Properties

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Owner

The name of the user who will own the tablespace. If omitted, defaults to the user executing the command. Only superusers may create tablespaces, but they can assign ownership of tablespaces to non-superusers.

Location

The directory that will be used for the tablespace. The directory must be empty and must be owned by the PostgreSQL system user. The directory must be specified by an absolute path name.

PostgreSQL Casts

A cast specifies how to perform a conversion between two data types. Click -> Cast to open an object list for

Cast.

Note: The Comment tab is supported from PostgreSQL 8.0 or later.

General Properties

Schema of Source Type and Source Type

The schema and name of the source data type of the cast.

Schema of Target Type and Target Type

The schema and name of the target data type of the cast.

Schema of Function and Function

The function used to perform the cast. The function name may be schema-qualified. If it is not, the function will be looked up in the schema search path. The function's result data type must match the target type of the cast.

If no function is specify, indicates that the source type and the target type are binary compatible, so no function is required to perform the cast.

Assignment

Indicate that the cast can be invoked implicitly in assignment contexts.

Implicit

Indicate that the cast may be invoked implicitly in any context.

PostgreSQL Foreign Servers

A foreign server typically encapsulates connection information that a foreign-data wrapper uses to access an external data resource. Additional user-specific connection information may be specified by means of user mappings. Click

-> Foreign Server to open an object list for Foreign Server.

Note: Support from PostgreSQL 8.4 or later.

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To install the postgres_fdw extension for accessing data stored in external PostgreSQL servers, you can control-click anywhere the Object List pane and select Install postgres_fdw Extension.

General Properties

FDW Name

The name of the foreign-data wrapper that manages the server.

Host Name/IP Address

The host name or the IP address of the server.

Port

The port of the server.

Database Name

The database of the server.

Options

Specify the options for the server.

Server Type

Specify the server type.

Server Version

Specify the server version.

Owner

The owner of the foreign server.

User Mappings

User

The name of an existing user that is mapped to foreign server.

Foreign User

The actual user name of the mapping.

Foreign Password

The actual user password of the mapping.

Options

Specify the options of the user mapping.

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PostgreSQL Languages

Language can register a new procedural language with a PostgreSQL database. Subsequently, functions and trigger procedures can be defined in this new language. The user must have the PostgreSQL superuser privilege to register a new language. Click -> Language to open an object list for Language.

General Properties

Owner

The owner of the language.

Schema of Handler and Handler

Call Handler is the name of a previously registered function that will be called to execute the procedural language functions. The call handler for a procedural language must be written in a compiled language such as C with version 1 call convention and registered with PostgreSQL as a function taking no arguments and returning the language_handler type, a placeholder type that is simply used to identify the function as a call handler.

Schema of Validator and Validator

Validator function is the name of a previously registered function that will be called when a new function in the language is created, to validate the new function. If no validator function is specified, then a new function will not be checked when it is created. The validator function must take one argument of type oid, which will be the OID of the to-be-created function, and will typically return void.

A validator function would typically inspect the function body for syntactical correctness, but it can also look at other properties of the function, for example if the language cannot handle certain argument types. To signal an error, the validator function should use the ereport() function. The return value of the function is ignored.

Trusted

Specify that the call handler for the language is safe, that is, it does not offer an unprivileged user any functionality to bypass access restrictions. If this key word is omitted when registering the language, only users with the PostgreSQL superuser privilege can use this language to create new functions.

SQLite Objects

To start working with the server objects, you should create and open a connection.

You can attach a database, control-click the opened connection and choose Attach Database and enter the following information.

Option Description

Database Name Enter the database name which displays in Navicat.

Database File

Encrypted

Set the file path for a database.

Enable this option and provide Password when connecting to an encrypted SQLite

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database.

To detach a database, control-click it in the Connection pane and choose Detach Database.

If you want to encrypt or decrypt a database, simply control-click it in the Connection pane and choose Encrypt

Database or Decrypt Database.

A special table named sqlite_master stores the complete database schema. To view the sqlite_master table, control-click the database and select View Master Table from the pop-up menu.

SQLite Tables

When open a table with graphical fields, control-click a table and select Open Table (Quick) from the pop-up menu.

Faster performance for opening the graphical table, as BLOB fields (images) will not be loaded until you click on the cell.

If you do wish Navicat loads all your images while opening the table, click Open button from the object list toolbar.

You can create a table shortcut by drag the table out. It provides a convenient way for you to open your table for entering data directly without activating the main Navicat.

To empty a table, control-click the selected table and choose Empty Table from the pop-up menu.

SQLite Table Fields

In the Fields tab, just simply click a field for editing. By using the field toolbar, you can create new, insert, move and drop the selected field. To search a field name, choose Edit -> Find -> Find or press CMD-F.

Use the Name edit box to set the field name. Note that the name of the field must be unique among all the field names in the table.

The Type drop-down menu defines the type (storage class) of the field data. See SQLite 2 Data Types and SQLite 3

Data Types for details.

Use the Length edit box to define the length of the field and use Decimals edit box to define the number of digits after the decimal point (the scale).

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Not Null

Check this box to not allow the NULL values for the field.

Key

A Primary Key is a single field or combination of fields that uniquely defines a record. None of the fields that are part of the primary key can contain a null value.

Field's Properties

Note: The following options depend on the field type you are chosen.

Default Value

To set the default value for the field.

Collation

To specify the text collating function to use when comparing text entries for the column.

BINARY Compare string data using memcmp(), regardless of text encoding.

NOCASE The same as binary, except the 26 upper case characters of ASCII are folded to their lower case equivalents before the comparison is performed. Note that only ASCII characters are case folded.

SQLite does not attempt to do full UTF case folding due to the size of the tables required.

RTRIM The same as binary, except that trailing space characters are ignored.

Note: Support in SQLite 3.

Not null ON CONFLICT

To specify an algorithm used to resolve constraint conflicts if Not Null option is checked.

ROLLBACK When a constraint violation occurs, an immediate ROLLBACK occurs, thus ending the current transaction, and the command aborts with a return code of SQLITE_CONSTRAINT. If no transaction is active (other than the implied transaction that is created on every command) then this algorithm works the same as ABORT.

ABORT When a constraint violation occurs, the command backs out any prior changes it might have made and aborts with a return code of SQLITE_CONSTRAINT. But no ROLLBACK is executed so changes from prior commands within the same transaction are preserved. This is the default behavior.

FAIL

IGNORE

When a constraint violation occurs, the command aborts with a return code

SQLITE_CONSTRAINT. But any changes to the database that the command made prior to encountering the constraint violation are preserved and are not backed out. For example, if an

UPDATE statement encountered a constraint violation on the 100th row that it attempts to update, then the first 99 row changes are preserved but changes to rows 100 and beyond never occur.

When a constraint violation occurs, the one row that contains the constraint violation is not inserted or changed. But the command continues executing normally. Other rows before and after the row that contained the constraint violation continue to be inserted or updated normally. No

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error is returned when the IGNORE conflict resolution algorithm is used.

REPLACE When a UNIQUE constraint violation occurs, the pre-existing rows that are causing the constraint violation are removed prior to inserting or updating the current row. Thus the insert or update always occurs. The command continues executing normally following REPLACE. No error is returned by the REPLACE conflict resolution. If a NOT NULL constraint violation occurs, the

NULL value is replaced by the default value for that column. If the column has no default value, then the ABORT algorithm is used. If a CHECK constraint violation occurs then the IGNORE algorithm is used.

Auto Increment

The AUTO INCREMENT attribute can be used to generate a unique identity for new rows. To start with the AUTO

INCREMENT value other than 1, you can set that value in Options tab.

SQLite Table Indexes

Index provides a faster access path to table data. It is created using one or more columns of a table to speed SQL statement execution on that table.

In the Indexes tab, just simply click an index field for editing. By using the index toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected index field.

Use the Name edit box to set the index name.

To include field(s) in the index, click Fields to open the editor for editing.

Unique

All values of the indexed column(s) must only occur once.

Fields Editor

Select the field(s) from the Field list.

Collate

To define a collating sequence used for text entries in that column. The default collating sequence is the collating sequence defined for that column.

BINARY Compares string data using memcmp(), regardless of text encoding.

NOCASE The same as binary, except the 26 upper case characters of ASCII are folded to their lower case equivalents before the comparison is performed. Note that only ASCII characters are case folded.

RTRIM

SQLite does not attempt to do full UTF case folding due to the size of the tables required.

The same as binary, except that trailing space characters are ignored.

Note: Support in SQLite 3.

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Order

To indicate sort order - ascending "ASC" or descending "DESC".

SQLite Table Foreign Keys

A foreign key is a field in a relational table that matches the primary key column of another table.

In the Foreign Keys tab, just simply click a foreign key field for editing. By using the foreign key toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected foreign key field.

Use the Name edit box to enter a name for the new key.

Use the Referenced Table drop-down menu to select a foreign table.

To include field(s)/referenced field(s) to the key, click Fields editing.

or Referenced Fields to open the editor(s) for

The On Delete and On Update drop-down menu define the type of the actions to be taken.

RESTRICT The "RESTRICT" action means that the application is prohibited from deleting (for ON

DELETE RESTRICT) or modifying (for ON UPDATE RESTRICT) a parent key when there exists one or more child keys mapped to it.

NO ACTION Configuring "NO ACTION" means just that: when a parent key is modified or deleted from the database, no special action is taken.

CASCADE A "CASCADE" action propagates the delete or update operation on the parent key to each dependent child key. For an "ON DELETE CASCADE" action, this means that each row in the child table that was associated with the deleted parent row is also deleted. For an "ON

UPDATE CASCADE" action, it means that the values stored in each dependent child key are modified to match the new parent key values.

SET NULL

SET

DEFAULT

If the configured action is "SET NULL", then when a parent key is deleted (for ON DELETE

SET NULL) or modified (for ON UPDATE SET NULL), the child key columns of all rows in the child table that mapped to the parent key are set to contain SQL NULL values.

The "SET DEFAULT" actions are similar to "SET NULL", except that each of the child key columns is set to contain the columns default value instead of NULL.

Deferred

Deferred foreign key constraints are not checked until the transaction tries to COMMIT.

Related topic:

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SQLite Table Uniques

Unique constraints ensure that the data contained in a column or a group of columns is unique with respect to all the rows in the table.

In the Uniques tab, just simply click an unique field for editing. By using the unique toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected unique field.

Use the Name edit box to set the unique name.

To set field(s) as unique, click Fields to open the editor(s) for editing.

ON CONFLICT

To specify an algorithm used to resolve constraint conflicts.

ROLLBACK

ABORT

FAIL

IGNORE

REPLACE

When a constraint violation occurs, an immediate ROLLBACK occurs, thus ending the current transaction, and the command aborts with a return code of SQLITE_CONSTRAINT. If no transaction is active (other than the implied transaction that is created on every command) then this algorithm works the same as ABORT.

When a constraint violation occurs, the command backs out any prior changes it might have made and aborts with a return code of SQLITE_CONSTRAINT. But no ROLLBACK is executed so changes from prior commands within the same transaction are preserved. This is the default behavior.

When a constraint violation occurs, the command aborts with a return code

SQLITE_CONSTRAINT. But any changes to the database that the command made prior to encountering the constraint violation are preserved and are not backed out. For example, if an

UPDATE statement encountered a constraint violation on the 100th row that it attempts to update, then the first 99 row changes are preserved but changes to rows 100 and beyond never occur.

No error is returned when the IGNORE conflict resolution algorithm is used.

When a UNIQUE constraint violation occurs, the pre-existing rows that are causing the constraint violation are removed prior to inserting or updating the current row. Thus the insert or update always occurs. The command continues executing normally following REPLACE. No error is returned by the REPLACE conflict resolution. If a NOT NULL constraint violation occurs, the NULL value is replaced by the default value for that column. If the column has no default value, then the ABORT algorithm is used. If a CHECK constraint violation occurs then the

IGNORE algorithm is used.

Fields Editor

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Select the field(s) from the Field list. To remove the fields from the unique, uncheck them in the same way.

Collate

To define a collating sequence used for text entries in that column. The default collating sequence is the collating sequence defined for that column.

BINARY

NOCASE

RTRIM

Compares string data using memcmp(), regardless of text encoding.

The same as binary, except the 26 upper case characters of ASCII are folded to their lower case equivalents before the comparison is performed. Note that only ASCII characters are case folded. SQLite does not attempt to do full UTF case folding due to the size of the tables required.

The same as binary, except that trailing space characters are ignored.

Note: Support in SQLite 3.

Order

To indicate sort order - ascending "ASC" or descending "DESC".

SQLite Table Checks

A check constraint allows you to specify that the value in a certain column must satisfy a Boolean (truth-value) expression.

In the Checks tab, just simply click a check field for editing. By using the check toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected check field.

Note: Checks are supported from SQLite version 3.3.0 or later.

Use the Name edit box to set the check name.

Expression

Set the condition for checking, e.g. "field_name1 > 0 AND field_name2 > field_name1" in the Expression edit box.

SQLite Table Triggers

A trigger is a database operation that is automatically performed when a specified database event occurs.

In the Triggers tab, just simply click a trigger field for editing. By using the trigger toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected trigger field.

Name

Set the trigger name.

Fires

Determine when the trigger actions will be executed relative to the insertion, modification or removal of the associated row.

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Events

It indicates the kind of statement that activates the trigger.

Insert

Update

Delete

Fire the trigger whenever an INSERT statement adds a row to a table.

Fire the trigger whenever an UPDATE statement changes a value in one of the columns specified in Update Of Fields. If no Update Of Fields are present, the trigger will be fired whenever an UPDATE statement changes a value in any column of the table.

Fire the trigger whenever a DELETE statement removes a row from the table.

Update Of Fields

Specify the fields for UPDATE statement trigger upon necessary.

Body

Type in the definition for the trigger.

When

Specify the trigger condition, which is a SQL condition that must be satisfied for the database to fire the trigger.

SQLite Table Options

Primary Key ON CONFLICT

To specify an algorithm used to resolve primary key constraint conflicts.

FAIL

IGNORE

When a constraint violation occurs, the command aborts with a return code

SQLITE_CONSTRAINT. But any changes to the database that the command made prior to encountering the constraint violation are preserved and are not backed out. For example, if an

UPDATE statement encountered a constraint violation on the 100th row that it attempts to update, then the first 99 row changes are preserved but changes to rows 100 and beyond never occur.

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returned by the REPLACE conflict resolution. If a NOT NULL constraint violation occurs, the NULL value is replaced by the default value for that column. If the column has no default value, then the

ABORT algorithm is used. If a CHECK constraint violation occurs then the IGNORE algorithm is used.

Auto Increment

Set/Reset the Auto Increment value in the edit field. The auto increment value indicates the value for next record.

SQLite Views

Views are useful for allowing users to access a set of tables as if it were a single table, and limiting their access to just that. Views can also be used to restrict access to rows (a subset of a particular table). Click to open an object list for View.

You can create a view shortcut by drag the view out. It provides a convenient way for you to open your view without activating the main Navicat.

Button

Preview

Description

Preview and/or Explain the view.

Note: You can choose to show the Result tab below the editor or in a new tab by selecting Edit -> Show Result ->

Below Query Editor or In a New Tab.

View Builder (Available only in Full Version)

View Builder allows you to build views visually. It allows you to create and edit views without knowledge of SQL. See

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

View Editor

You can edit the view definition as SQL statement (SELECT statement it implements).

Hint:

View Viewer

View Viewer displays the view data as a grid. Data can be displayed in two modes: Grid View and Form View. See

SQLite Indexes

Index provides a faster access path to table data. It is created using one or more columns of a table to speed SQL statement execution on that table. Click to open an object list for Index.

General Properties

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Table Name

The table that contains the index.

Unique

An unique index indicates that no two rows of a table have duplicate values in the key columns.

Field

To define the field.

Collate

To define a collating sequence used for text entries in that column. The default collating sequence is the collating sequence defined for that column.

BINARY

NOCASE

RTRIM

Note: Support in SQLite 3.

Compare string data using memcmp(), regardless of text encoding.

The same as binary, except the 26 upper case characters of ASCII are folded to their lower case equivalents before the comparison is performed. Note that only

ASCII characters are case folded. SQLite does not attempt to do full UTF case folding due to the size of the tables required.

The same as binary, except that trailing space characters are ignored.

Order

To indicate sort order - ascending "ASC" or descending "DESC".

SQLite Triggers

Triggers are database operations that are automatically performed when a specified database event occurs. Click to open an object list for Trigger.

Create a new media set for the backup. To add a Backup Device or file to the list, click

General Properties

Trigger Type

Define the trigger type: TABLE or VIEW.

Table Name or View Name

Choose a table or view.

Fire

Determine when the trigger actions will be executed relative to the insertion, modification or removal of the associated row.

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Event

It indicates the kind of statement that activates the trigger.

INSERT The trigger is activated whenever adding a row to a table.

DELETE The trigger is activated whenever removing a row from the table.

UPDATE

The trigger is activated whenever changing a value in one of the fields selected in Columns.

When

Specify the trigger condition for the database to fire the trigger.

Columns

Specify the fields for UPDATE statement trigger upon necessary.

Definition

You can edit valid SQL statements in the trigger definition inside BEGIN and END.

SQL Server Objects

Note: SQL Azure does not support Comment tab.

General Properties for SQL Azure

Database Name

Define the name of the database.

Edition

Choose the edition of the database: web or business.

Max Size

Choose the maximum size of the database.

General Properties for SQL Server

Database Name

Define the name of the database.

Owner

Choose the owner of the database.

Collation

Choose the default collation for the database. Collation name can be either a Windows collation name or a SQL

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collation name. If not specified, the database is assigned the default collation of the instance of SQL Server. A collation name cannot be specified on a database snapshot.

Recovery Model

Control database recovery options and disk I/O error checking.

FULL Provide full recovery after media failure by using transaction log backups. If a data file is damaged, media recovery can restore all committed transactions.

BULK_LOGGED Provide recovery after media failure by combining the best performance and least amount of log-space use for certain large-scale or bulk operations.

SIMPLE A simple backup strategy that uses minimal log space is provided. Log space can be automatically reused when it is no longer required for server failure recovery.

Compatibility Level

Choose the version of SQL Server with which the database is to be made compatible.

Filegroups Properties for SQL Server

Rows

Add or delete a filegroup. PRIMARY filegroup cannot be deleted.

Filestream

Add or delete a FILESTREAM filegroup.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

Files Properties for SQL Server

Name

Specify the logical name for the file.

File Type

Choose the file type.

Directory

The path used by the operating system when you create the file.

File Name

The file name used by the operating system when you create the file.

Filegroup

Choose the filegroup.

Initial Size

Specify the size of the file.

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Unlimited File Size

Specify that the file grows until the disk is full. In SQL Server, a log file specified with unlimited growth has a maximum size of 2 TB, and a data file has a maximum size of 16 TB.

Max Size

Specify the maximum size to which the file can grow.

Enable Auto Growth

Check this option if you want to allow automatic growth.

Growth

Specify the automatic growth increment of the file.

Advanced Properties (Automatic) for SQL Server

Auto Close

If this option is on, the database is shut down cleanly and its resources are freed after the last user exits.

Auto Create Statistics

If this option is on, the query optimizer creates statistics on single columns in query predicates, as necessary, to improve query plans and query performance.

Auto Shrink

If this option is on, the database files are candidates for periodic shrinking.

Auto Update Statistics

Specify that the query optimizer updates statistics when they are used by a query and when they might be out-of-date.

Auto Update Statistics Asynchronously

Specify that statistics updates for the AUTO_UPDATE_STATISTICS option are asynchronous. The query optimizer does not wait for statistics updates to complete before it compiles queries.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later.

Advanced Properties (Change Tracking) for SQL Server

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

Change Tracking

Enable change tracking for the database.

Retention Period

Specify the minimum period for keeping change tracking information in the database. Data is removed only when Auto

Cleanup is checked.

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Auto Cleanup

Change tracking information is automatically removed after the specified retention period.

Advanced Properties (Cursor) for SQL Server

Close Cursor On Commit Enabled

If this option is on, any cursors open when a transaction is committed or rolled back are closed.

Default Cursor

LOCAL When LOCAL is specified and a cursor is not defined as GLOBAL when created, the scope of the cursor is local to the batch, stored procedure, or trigger in which the cursor was created. The cursor name is valid only within this scope. The cursor can be referenced by local cursor variables in the batch, stored procedure, or trigger, or a stored procedure OUTPUT parameter. The cursor is implicitly deallocated when the batch, stored procedure, or trigger ends, unless it was passed back in an

OUTPUT parameter. If the cursor is passed back in an OUTPUT parameter, the cursor is deallocated when the last variable that references it is deallocated or goes out of scope.

GLOBAL When GLOBAL is specified, and a cursor is not defined as LOCAL when created, the scope of the cursor is global to the connection. The cursor name can be referenced in any stored procedure or batch executed by the connection.

Advanced Properties (Recovery) for SQL Server

Page Verify

Discover damaged database pages caused by disk I/O path errors. Disk I/O path errors can be the cause of database corruption problems and are generally caused by power failures or disk hardware failures that occur at the time the page is being written to disk.

NONE Database page writes will not generate a CHECKSUM or

TORN_PAGE_DETECTION value. SQL Server will not verify a checksum or torn page during a read even if a CHECKSUM or TORN_PAGE_DETECTION value is present in the page header.

TORN_PAGE_DETECTION Save a specific 2-bit pattern for each 512-byte sector in the 8-kilobyte (KB) database page and stored in the database page header when the page is written to disk.

CHECKSUM Calculate a checksum over the contents of the whole page and stores the value in the page header when a page is written to disk.

Advanced Properties (Service Broker) for SQL Server

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later.

Broker Enabled

Specify that Service Broker is enabled for the specified database. Message delivery is started, and the

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is_broker_enabled flag is set to true in the sys.databases catalog view. The database retains the existing Service

Broker identifier.

Honor Broker Priority

Send operations take into consideration the priority levels that are assigned to conversations. Messages from conversations that have high priority levels are sent before messages from conversations that are assigned low priority levels.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

Advanced Properties (SQL) for SQL Server

ANSI Null Default

Check this option if you want to determines the default value as NULL.

ANSI Nulls Enabled

If this option is on, all comparisons to a null value evaluate to UNKNOWN.

ANSI Padding Enabled

If this option is on, strings are padded to the same length before conversion or inserting to a varchar or nvarchar data type.

ANSI Warnings Enabled

If this option is on, errors or warnings are issued when conditions such as divide-by-zero occur or null values appear in aggregate functions.

Arithmetic Abort Enabled

If this option is on, a query is ended when an overflow or divide-by-zero error occurs during query execution.

Concatenate Null Yields Null

If this option is on, the result of a concatenation operation is NULL when either operand is NULL.

Numeric Round-Abort

If this option is on, an error is generated when loss of precision occurs in an expression.

Quoted Identifiers Enabled

If this option is on, double quotation marks can be used to enclose delimited identifiers.

Recursive Triggers Enabled

If this option is on, Recursive firing of AFTER triggers is allowed.

Advanced Properties (State) for SQL Server

Database Read-Only

If this option is on, users can read data from the database but not modify it.

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Database State

Choose the state of the database.

OFFLINE The database is closed, shut down cleanly, and marked offline. The database cannot be modified while it is offline.

ONLINE The database is open and available for use.

EMERGENCY The database is marked READ_ONLY, logging is disabled, and access is limited to members of the sysadmin fixed server role. EMERGENCY is primarily used for troubleshooting purposes.

Restrict Access

Control user access to the database.

SINGLE_USER Specifies that only one user at a time can access the database.

RESTRICTED_USER RESTRICTED_USER allows for only members of the db_owner fixed database role and dbcreator and sysadmin fixed server roles to connect to the database, but does

MULTI_USER not limit their number.

All users that have the appropriate permissions to connect to the database are allowed.

Encryption Enabled

Check this option if you want to encrypt the database.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

Advanced Properties (Miscellaneous) for SQL Server

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later.

Cross-database Ownership Chaining Enabled

If this option is on, database can be the source or target of a cross-database ownership chain.

Trustworthy

If this option is on, database modules (for example, user-defined functions or stored procedures) that use an impersonation context can access resources outside the database.

Date Correlation Optimization Enabled

SQL Server maintains correlation statistics between any two tables in the database that are linked by a FOREIGN KEY constraint and have datetime columns.

Parameterization

SIMPLE

FORCED

Queries are parameterized based on the default behavior of the database.

SQL Server parameterizes all queries in the database.

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VarDecimal Storage Format Enabled

Indicate that decimal and numeric data types are stored by using the vardecimal storage format.

SQL Server Backup/Restore (Available only in Full Version)

You can backup and restore your SQL Server databases. The SQL Server backup and restore component provides an important safeguard for protecting critical data. Click to open an object list for SQL Server Backup.

Note: The backup file is stored in the server.

SQL Server Backup

Before starting the backup process, click Generate SQL button to review the SQL. Then, you can click the

Start button to run it. If you want to backup with the setting of an existing backup file, you can control-click a backup file in the Object List pane and choose Backup from this Setting.

General Properties

Backup Type

Full

Differential

Perform a full backup.

Specify that the database or file backup should consist only of the portions of the database or file changed since the last full backup.

Transaction Log Specify a backup of the transaction log only.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2012 or later and SQL Azure.

Backup Name

Specify the name of the backup set.

Description

Specify the free-form text describing the backup set.

Password

Set the password for the backup set.

New media set

button.

Existing media set

Choose an existing Media set for the backup.

Components

Choose the Backup Components: Database, Partial or Files and Filegroups.

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Note: Files and Filegroups option is supported from SQL Server 2012 or later and SQL Azure.

Options

Copy only

Specify that the backup is a copy-only backup, which does not affect the normal sequence of backups.

Never expire

Specify the backup set never expire.

Expire after days

Specify the number of days that must elapse before this backup media set can be overwritten.

Expire on

Specify when the backup set expires and can be overwritten.

New Media Set Name (only for New media set)

The name of the new media set.

New Media Set Description (only for New media set)

Specify the free-form text description of the media set.

Use password (only for New media set)

Set the password for the media set.

Append to the existing backup set (only for Existing media set)

Indicate that the backup set is appended to the specified media set, preserving existing backup sets.

Overwrite all existing backup sets (only for Existing media set)

Specify that all backup sets should be overwritten, but preserves the media header.

Check media set name and backup set expiration (only for Existing media set)

Control whether a backup operation checks the expiration date and time of the backup sets on the media before overwriting them.

Media Set Name (only for Existing media set)

Specify the media name for the entire backup media set.

Media set is password protected (only for Existing media set)

Enter the password for the media set.

Verify backup when finished

Check this options to verify the backup.

Perform checksum before writing to media

Enable the backup checksums.

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Continue on error

Instruct backup to continue despite encountering errors such as invalid checksums or torn pages.

Truncate the transaction log (only for Transaction Log backup)

Check this option to truncate the transaction log.

Back up the tail of the log and leave the database in the restoring state (only for Transaction Log backup)

Choose this option to back up the tail of the log and leaves the database in the RESTORING state.

Compress Backup

Specify whether backup compression is performed on this backup.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later and SQL Azure.

SQL Server Restore

Before starting the restore process, click Generate SQL button to review the SQL. Then, you can click the

Start button to run it. If you want to restore from a file that is not listed in the Object List pane, you can control-click anywhere in the Object List pane and choose Restore from File.

General Properties for Restore Backup

Restore to Database

Select the database to restore.

Latest possible (only for Transaction Log backup)

Choose this option if do not have the restore point.

Specific time (only for Transaction Log backup)

Specify that the database be restored to the state it was in as of the date and time.

Marked transaction (only for Transaction Log backup)

Specify recovery to a specified recovery point.

Include marked transaction (only for Transaction Log backup)

The specified transaction is included in the recovery, but it is committed only if it was originally committed when the transaction was actually generated.

General Properties for Restore from File

Restore to Database

Select the database to restore.

Source of Backup Set

To add a Backup Device or file to the list, click

button.

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Latest possible

Choose this option if do not have the restore point.

Specific time

Specify that the database be restored to the state it was in as of the date and time.

Restore Plan

Select the database backup files in the list.

Advanced Properties

Restore database files to

Specify that the data or log file should be moved by restoring it to the location specified in Restore To.

WITH REPLACE

Specify that SQL Server should create the specified database and its related files even if another database already exists with the same name.

WITH RESTRICTED_USER

Restrict access for the newly restored database to members of the db_owner, dbcreator, or sysadmin roles.

WITH KEEP_REPLICATION

KEEP_REPLICATION should used when setting up replication to work with log shipping.

RECOVERY

Roll back all uncommitted transactions. After the recovery process, the database is ready for use.

NORECOVERY

Do not roll back the uncommitted transactions.

STANDBY

Specify a Standby File that allows the recovery effects to be undone.

SQL Server Schemas

A schema contains named objects (tables, views, functions, etc) whose names may duplicate those of other objects existing in other schemas. The schema name must be distinct from any existing schema name in the current database.

Note: SQL Server 2000 or below does not support edit, create and delete schema.

SQL Azure does not support the Comment tab.

General Properties

Schema Name

The name of a schema which is identified within the database.

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Owner

The name of the database-level principal that will own the schema. This principal may own other schemas, and may not use the current schema as its default schema.

SQL Server Tables

Tables are database objects that contain all the data in a database. A table definition is a collection of columns. In tables, data is organized in a row-and-column format similar to a spreadsheet. Each row represents a unique record, and each column represents a field within the record. Click to open an object list for Table.

When open a table with graphical fields, control-click a table and select Open Table (Quick) from the pop-up menu.

Faster performance for opening the graphical table, as BLOB fields (images) will not be loaded until you click on the cell.

If you do wish Navicat loads all your images while opening the table, click Open button from the object list toolbar.

You can create a table shortcut by drag the table out. It provides a convenient way for you to open your table for entering data directly without activating the main Navicat.

To empty a table, control-click the selected table and choose Empty Table from the pop-up menu.

Note: SQL Azure does not support the Storage and Comment tab.

SQL Server Table Fields

Use the Name edit box to set the field name. Note that the name of the field must be unique among all the field names in the table.

The Type drop-down menu defines the type of the field data. See SQL Server Data Type and SQL Azure Support Data

Type for details.

Use the Size edit box to define the length of the field and use Scale edit box to define the number of digits after the decimal point (the scale) for Floating Point data type.

Note: Be careful when shortening the field length as losing data might be caused.

Not Null

Check this box to not allow the NULL values for the field.

Key

A Primary Key is a single field or combination of fields that uniquely defines a record. None of the fields that are part of the primary key can contain a null value.

Field's Properties

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Note: The following options depend on the field type you are chosen.

Identity

Indicate that the new column is an identity column.

Row GUID Column

Indicate that the new column is a row GUID column. Only one uniqueidentifier column per table can be designated as the ROWGUIDCOL column.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Collate

Specify the collation for the column.

Column Set

Combine all of the sparse columns of a table into a structured output.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

Filestream

Specify FILESTREAM storage for the varbinary(max) BLOB data.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

Schema

Set the schema of the user defined type.

User-defined Type

Set the user defined type.

Expression

Set an expression that defines the value of a computed column.

Persisted

Specify that the SQL Server Database Engine will physically store the computed values in the table, and update the values when any other columns on which the computed column depends are updated.

Default Value

Set the default value for the field.

Sparse

Indicate that the column is a sparse column.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

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Comment

Set any optional text describing the current field.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

SQL Server Table Indexes

Indexes are optional structures associated with tables. You can create indexes on one or more columns of a table to speed SQL statement execution on that table.

In the Indexes tab, just simply click an index field for editing. By using the index toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected index field.

Use the Name edit box to set the index name.

To include field(s) in the index, click Fields to open the editor for editing.

Note: Some of data types do not allow indexing. For example: text

The Index Type drop-down menu defines the type of the table index.

Clustered

Nonclustered Create an index that specifies the logical ordering of a table. With a nonclustered index, the physical order of the data rows is independent of their indexed order.

Spatial

Create an index in which the logical order of the key values determines the physical order of the corresponding rows in a table.

Create a spatial index on a specified table and column. An index can be created before there is data in the table.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later and SQL Azure.

XML Create an XML index on a specified table. An index can be created before there is data in the table.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later.

Unique

Create a unique index on a table.

Comment

Specify the comment of the index.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

SQL Server Table Foreign Keys

A foreign key is a field in a relational table that matches the primary key column of another table. The foreign key can be used to cross-reference tables.

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In the Foreign Keys tab, just simply click a foreign key field for editing. By using the foreign key toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected foreign key field.

Use the Name edit box to enter a name for the new key.

Use the Referenced Schema and Referenced Table drop-down menus to select a foreign schema and table respectively.

To include field(s)/referenced field(s) to the key, click Fields editing.

or Referenced Fields to open the editor(s) for

The On Delete and On Update drop-down menu define the type of the actions to be taken.

No Action

Cascade

Set Null

Set Default

The Database Engine raises an error and the delete or update action on the row in the parent table is rolled back.

Corresponding rows are deleted from or updated in the referencing table if that row is deleted from or updated in the parent table.

All the values that make up the foreign key are set to NULL when the corresponding row in the parent table is deleted or updated.

All the values that make up the foreign key are set to their default values when the corresponding row in the parent table is deleted or updated.

Not for Replication

The constraint is not enforced when replication agents perform insert, update, or delete operations.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Enable

You can choose whether to enable/disable the foreign key constraint by checking/unchecking the box.

Comment

Specify the comment of the foreign key.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Related topic:

SQL Server Table Uniques

Unique constraints ensure that the data contained in a column or a group of columns is unique with respect to all the rows in the table.

In the Uniques tab, just simply click an unique field for editing. By using the unique toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected unique field.

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Use the Name edit box to set the unique name.

To set field(s) as unique, click Fields to open the editor for editing.

Unique Type

Indicate that a clustered or nonclustered index is created for the unique constraint.

Comment

Specify the comment of the unique.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

SQL Server Table Checks

A check a constraint that enforces domain integrity by limiting the possible values that can be entered into a column or columns.

In the Checks tab, just simply click a check field for editing. By using the check toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected check field.

Use the Name edit box to set the check name.

Expression

Set the condition for checking, e.g. "field_name1 > 0 AND field_name2 > field_name1" in the Expression edit box.

Not for Replication

The constraint is not enforced when replication agents perform insert, update, or delete operations.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Enable

You can choose whether to enable/disable the check constraint by checking/unchecking the box.

Comment

Specify the comment of the check.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

SQL Server Table Triggers

A trigger is a special kind of stored procedure that automatically executes when an event occurs in the database server.

In the Triggers tab, just simply click a trigger field for editing. By using the trigger toolbar, you can create new, edit and delete the selected trigger field.

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Use the Name edit box to set the trigger name.

Use the Fires drop-down menu to define the trigger action time.

After

Instead of

Specify that the DML trigger is fired only when all operations specified in the triggering SQL statement have executed successfully.

Specify that the DML trigger is executed instead of the triggering SQL statement, therefore, overriding the actions of the triggering statements.

Delete

The trigger is activated whenever a row is deleted from the table.

Insert

The trigger is activated whenever a new row is inserted into the table.

Update

The trigger is activated whenever a row is modified.

Enable

You can choose whether to enable/disable the trigger by checking/unchecking the box.

The Body tab defines the statement to execute when the trigger activates. To include your statement, just simply click to write. If you want to execute multiple statements, use the BEGIN ... END compound statement construct.

Execute as

Specify the security context under which the trigger is executed.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later and SQL Azure.

User

Choose a user that the trigger executes in.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later and SQL Azure.

Definition Type

Choose the type of definition.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later.

Encrypted

Obfuscate the text of the CREATE TRIGGER statement.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later.

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Not for replication

Indicate that the trigger should not be executed when a replication agent modifies the table that is involved in the trigger.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Append

Specify that an additional trigger of an existing type should be added.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Comment

Specify the comment of the trigger.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

SQL Server Table Storage

Store on filegroup

Option

Filegroup

Description

Choose a filegroup that storing the table.

Text/Image Filegroup Choose a filegroup for storing text, ntext, image, xml, varchar(max), nvarchar(max), varbinary(max), and CLR user-defined type columns.

Filestream Filegroup Choose a filegroup for FILESTREAM data.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

Store on partition scheme

Option

Partition Scheme

Partition Column

Description

Choose a partition scheme that storing the table.

Choose a partition column name.

Filestream Partition

Scheme

Choose a partition scheme for FILESTREAM data.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

Data Compression Specify the data compression option for the specified table, partition number, or range of partitions.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later.

SQL Server Table Options

Seed

The value used for the very first row loaded into the table.

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Increment

The incremental value added to the identity value of the previous row loaded.

Current

Set the current identity value.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Not for Replication

Values are not incremented in identity columns when replication agents perform inserts.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Change Tracking

Specify change tracking is enabled for the table.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

Track Columns Updated

Specify the Database Engine tracks which change tracked columns were updated.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

Lock Escalation

Specify the allowed methods of lock escalation for a table.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

SQL Server Views

A view can be thought of as either a virtual table or a stored query. Unless a view is indexed, its data is not stored in the database as a distinct object. What is stored in the database is a SELECT statement. The result set of the SELECT statement forms the virtual table returned by the view. A user can use this virtual table by referencing the view name in

Transact-SQL statements the same way a table is referenced. Click to open an object list for View.

You can create a view shortcut by drag the view out. It provides a convenient way for you to open your view without activating the main Navicat.

Note: SQL Azure does not support the Comment tab.

Button

Preview

Description

Preview and/or Explain the view.

Note: You can choose to show the Result tab below the editor or in a new tab by selecting Edit -> Show Result ->

Below Query Editor or In a New Tab.

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View Builder (Available only in Full Version)

View Builder allows you to build views visually. It allows you to create and edit views without knowledge of SQL. See

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

View Editor

You can edit the view definition as SQL statement (SELECT statement it implements).

Hint:

Advanced Properties

Encrypted

Encrypt the entries in sys.syscomments that contain the text of the CREATE VIEW statement.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Schema binding

Bind the view to the schema of the underlying table or tables.

View metadata

Specify that the instance of SQL Server will return to the DB-Library, ODBC, and OLE DB APIs the metadata information about the view, instead of the base table or tables, when browse-mode metadata is being requested for a query that references the view.

Check option

Force all data modification statements executed against the view to follow the criteria set within select_statement.

View Viewer

View Viewer displays the view data as a grid. Data can be displayed in two modes: Grid View and Form View. See

To customize the view of the editor and find out more features for sql editing, see Editor Advanced Features .

SQL Server Functions/Procedures

A user-defined function, which is a Transact-SQL or common language runtime (CLR) routine that accepts parameters, performs an action, such as a complex calculation, and returns the result of that action as a value. The return value can either be a scalar (single) value or a table. Click to open an object list for Function.

Stored procedures are similar to procedures in other programming languages in that they can:



Accept input parameters and return multiple values in the form of output parameters to the calling procedure or batch.



Contain programming statements that perform operations in the database, including calling other procedures.

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

Return a status value to a calling procedure or batch to indicate success or failure (and the reason for failure).

Note: SQL Azure does not support the Comment tab.

Function Pop-up Window

Click the Add from the object list toolbar. A Window will pop up and it allows you to create a procedure/function easily.

Type

Define whether it is a procedure/function.

Name

Specify the name for the procedure/function.

Define the parameter(s) for the procedure/function. Set the parameter Name, Schema of Type, Type, Default Value,

Output and Read Only under corresponding columns.

Definition

Note: Available only in Full Version.

Button Description

Refresh the code outline.

Turn mouse over highlight on or off.

Show the code outline in a detail way.

Sort by type and name.

Expand the selected item.

Collapse the selected item.

Hint:

Result

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SQL Server Indexes

An index in a database lets you quickly find specific information in a table or indexed view. An index contains keys built from one or more columns in the table, or view, and pointers that map to the storage location of the specified data. You can significantly improve the performance of database queries and applications by creating well-designed indexes to support your queries. Indexes can reduce the amount of data that must be read to return the query result set. Indexes can also enforce uniqueness on the rows in a table, ensuring the data integrity of the table data. Click ->

Index to open an object list for Index.

Note: SQL Azure does not support the Comment tab.

You can choose the index Type: Nonclustered, Clustered, XML or Spatial.

Note: XML index is supported from SQL Server 2005 or later.

Spatial index is supported from SQL Server 2008 or later and SQL Azure.

General Properties for Nonclustered and Clustered Indexes

Unique

A unique index is one in which no two rows are permitted to have the same index key value.

Table/View

Choose to create a table index or a view index.

Table Name or View Name

Select a table or a view.

Fields

Select the column or columns on which the index is based and the sorting order.

Included Columns (only for Nonclustered Index)

Select the non-key columns to be added to the leaf level of the nonclustered index.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later and SQL Azure.

Filter Properties for Nonclustered Index

To create a filtered index, specify which rows to include in the index.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later and SQL Azure.

Advanced Properties for Nonclustered and Clustered Indexes

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Ignore duplicate key values

A warning message will occur when duplicate key values are inserted into a unique index. Only the rows violating the uniqueness constraint will fail.

Recompute statistics

Enable automatic statistics updating.

Allow row locks

Row locks are allowed when accessing the index. The Database Engine determines when row locks are used.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later.

Allow page locks

Page locks are allowed when accessing the index. The Database Engine determines when page locks are used.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later.

Fill Factor (%)

Specify a percentage that indicates how full the Database Engine should make the leaf level of each index page during index creation or rebuild.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Pad index

The percentage of free space that is specified by fillfactor is applied to the intermediate-level pages of the index.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later.

Sort in tempdb

Specify to store temporary sort results in tempdb.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Online

Long-term table locks are not held for the duration of the index operation.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later and SQL Azure.

Max. degree of parallelism

Override the max degree of parallelism configuration option for the duration of the index operation.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later.

Storage Properties for Nonclustered and Clustered Indexes

Note: SQL Azure does not support this tab.

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Store on filegroup

Option

Filegroup

Filestream Filegroup

Description

Choose a filegroup that storing the index.

Choose a filegroup for FILESTREAM data.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

Store on partition scheme

Option

Partition Scheme

Partition Column

Filestream Partition

Scheme

Data Compression

Description

Choose a partition scheme that storing the index.

Choose a partition column name.

Choose a partition scheme for FILESTREAM data.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

Specify the data compression option for the specified index, partition number, or range of partitions.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2008 or later.

Note: Support from SQL Server 2005 or later.

General Properties for XML Indexs

Table/View

Must be TABLE.

Table Name

Select a table.

XML Column

Select the xml column on which the index is based.

XML Index Type

PRIMARY

PATH secondary

VALUE secondary

PROPERTY secondary

A clustered index is created with the clustered key formed from the clustering key of the user table and an XML node identifier.

Create a secondary XML index on columns built on path values and node values in the primary XML index. In the PATH secondary index, the path and node values are key columns that allow efficient seeks when searching for paths.

Create a secondary XML index on columns where key columns are (node value and path) of the primary XML index.

Create a secondary XML index on columns (PK, path and node value) of the primary

XML index where PK is the primary key of the base table.

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Primary XML index

Specify the primary XML index to use in creating a secondary XML index.

Advanced Properties for XML Index

Allow row locks

Row locks are allowed when accessing the index. The Database Engine determines when row locks are used.

Allow page locks

Page locks are allowed when accessing the index. The Database Engine determines when page locks are used.

Fill Factor (%)

Specify a percentage that indicates how full the Database Engine should make the leaf level of each index page during index creation or rebuild.

Pad index

The percentage of free space that is specified by fillfactor is applied to the intermediate-level pages of the index.

Sort in tempdb

Specify to store temporary sort results in tempdb.

Max. degree of parallelism

Override the max degree of parallelism configuration option for the duration of the index operation.

General Properties for Spatial Index

Table/View

Must be TABLE.

Table Name

Select a table.

Spatial Column

Select a spatial column which the index is based.

Tessellation Scheme

The tessellation scheme for the spatial index.

Min. Coordinates

Specify the x-coordinate (X) and y-coordinate (Y) of the lower-left corner of the bounding box.

Max. Coordinates

Specify the x-coordinate (X) and y-coordinate (Y) of the upper-right corner of the bounding box.

Level 1

Specify the first (top) level grid.

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Level 2

Specify the second-level grid.

Level 3

Specify the third-level grid.

Level 4

Specify the fourth-level grid.

Cells per Object

Specify the number of tessellation cells per object that can be used for a single spatial object in the index by the tessellation process.

Advanced Properties for Spatial Index

Recompute statistics

Enable automatic statistics updating.

Allow row locks

Row locks are allowed when accessing the index. The Database Engine determines when row locks are used.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Allow page locks

Page locks are allowed when accessing the index. The Database Engine determines when page locks are used.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Fill Factor (%)

Specify a percentage that indicates how full the Database Engine should make the leaf level of each index page during index creation or rebuild.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Pad index

The percentage of free space that is specified by fillfactor is applied to the intermediate-level pages of the index.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Sort in tempdb

Specify to store temporary sort results in tempdb.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Max. degree of parallelism

Override the max degree of parallelism configuration option for the duration of the index operation.

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Note: SQL Azure does not support.

SQL Server Synonyms

A synonym is an alternative name for a schema-scoped object. Client applications can use a single-part name to reference a base object by using a synonym instead of using a two-part, three-part, or four-part name to reference the base object. Click -> Synonym to open an object list for Synonym.

Note: SQL Azure does not support the Comment tab.

General Properties

Server Name

The name of the server on which base object is located.

Note: SQL Azure does not support.

Database Name

The name of the database in which the base object is located.

Schema Name

The name of the schema of the base object.

Object Type

The object type.

Object Name

The name of the base object that the synonym references.

SQL Server Triggers

A trigger is a special kind of stored procedure that automatically executes when an event occurs in the database server.

Click -> Trigger to open an object list for Trigger.