Infineon XE164 Microcontrollers Application Note

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Dokument
Annons
Application Note, V2.0, April 2010
AP16175
XE164
UConnect-CAN XE164: Playing music
Using the CAPCOM6 module
Using DAvE (Code Generator)
Using the KEIL tool chain &micro;Vision 4
(IDE, Compiler, Utility Tools)
Microcontrollers
Edition 2010-04-22
Published by
Infineon Technologies AG
81726 M&uuml;nchen, Germany
&copy; Infineon Technologies AG 2010.
All Rights Reserved.
LEGAL DISCLAIMER
THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE
REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR
QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION
NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. INFINEON
TECHNOLOGIES HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND LIABILITIES OF ANY KIND
(INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS OF ANY THIRD PARTY) WITH RESPECT TO ANY AND ALL INFORMATION GIVEN
IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE.
Information
For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices please contact your nearest
Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com).
Warnings
Due to technical requirements components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types
in question please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office.
Infineon Technologies Components may only be used in life-support devices or systems with the express
written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to
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system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body, or to support
and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health
of the user or other persons may be endangered.
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AP08048
Revision History:
Previous Version:
Page
2010-04
none
Subjects (major changes since last revision)
V2.0
We Listen to Your Comments
Any information within this document that you feel is wrong, unclear or missing at all?
Your feedback will help us to continuously improve the quality of this document.
Please send your proposal (including a reference to this document) to:
[email protected]
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Table of Contents
Page
Note: Table of Contents see page 12 and page 13.
Introduction:
This “Appnote” is a Hands On Training / Cookery Book / step-by-step book.
It will help inexperienced users to get familiar with the CAPCOM 6 / CCU6 module.
This step-by-step book is a follow-up to AP16174!
The purpose of this document is to gain know-how of the possibilities offered by the CAPCOM 6
module for PWM generation.
Note:
The style used in this document focuses on working through this material as fast and easily as
possible. Which means there are full screenshots instead of dialog-window-screenshots; extensive
use of colours and page breaks; and listed source-code is not formatted to ease copy &amp; paste.
Have fun and enjoy the CAPCOM 6 module!
Note:
Additionally, there is a step-by-step book (AP16109) focusing on BLDC-Motors available, which
can be used for all 8/16 and 32 bit microcontrollers equipped with the CAPCOM 6 module.
To get the most out of the CAPCOM 6 module this additional Cookery Book is the icing on the
cake of all available functionalities (modes) offered by this module (e.g. Multi-Channel Mode, Hall
Sensor Mode).
Note:
In case you want to start with the CCU6 from scratch (generating Asymmetrical/Edge-Aligned
PWM signals or Symmetrical/Center-Aligned PWM signals) we suggest taking a look at AP08068.
Note:
At the time this document was written there was no Keil simulation support for the XE164
microcontroller. If you want to learn how to setup the Keil software simulated logic analyzer to
view the PWM signals on the Keil simulator we also suggest taking a look at AP08068.
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Asymmetrical / Edge-Aligned PWM generation:
Single Shot Mode: Timer12 (note length),
Modulation: Timer13 (note frequency),
Playing music
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Note:
Port_0 pins used by our PWM module CCU61:
Port Lines
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.6
Signal
CCU61_CC60
CCU61_CC61
CCU61_CC62
CCU61_COUT63
Duty Cycle [%] (purpose, modulated by)
100 (note length, Timer_12)
100 (note length, Timer_12)
100 (note length, Timer_12) + 50 (note frequency, Timer_13)
50 (note frequency, Timer_13)
Port_2 pins used as GPIO:
Port Lines
P2.8
P2.7
Function
Show start of next note
„use: program running signal“
Comment
User LED_2: Toggled via Software
User LED_1: Toggled via CAPCOM2_Timer_7 ISR
Port pins used:
Pin
P0.0
CC60
CCU61-Channel
CCU61 Channel 0
Modulated by
Modulated by T12
P0.1
CC61
CCU61 Channel 1
Modulated by T12
P0.2
CC62
CCU61 Channel 2
Modulated by T12 + T13
P0.6
CC63
CCU61 Channel 3
Modulated by T13
P2.8
P2.7
LED_2
LED_1
Application Note
-----
Software
Software
6
Purpose
show note length
duty cycle = 100 %
only for measurement
show note length
duty-cycle = 100 %
only for measurement
Music Output:
note length
modulated by
note frequency
note frequency
only for measurement
start of next note
running signal
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Using the UConnect-CAN XE164
s
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Used Pins on the On-board header X400 of the UConnect-CAN XE164:
(Source: XE164 UConnect Manual)
Note:
For further information, please refer to the XE164 UConnect Manual, V.1.1 .
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CCU6 Block Diagram – general use (Source: Product Marketing)
CCU6 Block Diagram – BLDC use (Source: Product Marketing)
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CCU6 Block Diagram (Source: User’s Manual)
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CCU6 Block Diagram (Source: XE166 User’s Manual)
Note:
Just by comparing the different sources of the CAPCOM 6 Module Block Diagrams
[Capture/Compare Unit 6 ( CCU6 )], you should be able to get a picture of the module and to
answer some of your initial questions.
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“Cookery book“
For your first programming example for the CCU6:
Your
program:
Chapter/
Step
1.)
Application Note
*** Recipes ***
Asymmetrical / Edge-Aligned PWM generation
Single Shot Mode (Timer12), Modulation (Timer13)
Playing music
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Appendix:
*** Recipes ***
Chapter/
Step
2.)
Appendix: about music (note length, note frequency)
3.)
Appendix: CCU6 use to create note length and note frequency
4.)
Appendix: songs used
Feedback:
5.)
Thanks To
6.)
Feedback
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Do the UConnect-CAN XE164 Cookery Book:
Note:
It is necessary to follow all instructions in the UConnect-CAN XE164 &quot;Cookery Book&quot; (AP16174)
step by step, as this is the basis for all instructions which will follow later.
Note:
In the following steps of this document we will expand the “Hello World Application” (Application
Note AP16174) with the requirements for PWM generation (playing music).
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1.) Let’s Get Started:
Configuring and Reconfiguring
the DAvE Project Settings:
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Start the program generator DAvE and open your XE164.dav DAvE project:
View - Project Window (Closes the Project Window)
View - Command Window (Closes the Command Window)
File
Open
Location: C:\XE164
Filename: XE164.dav
Click Open
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Reconfiguration of Port 2:
The (re)configuration window/dialog can be opened by clicking the specific block/module (Port).
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Ports: click “Configure Port 2”
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Port 2: Functionality: tick ; Use P2.8 as general IO - Direction: click ~ Out
Remember:
Port pins used:
Pin
P2.8
P2.7
LED_2
LED_1
Application Note
CCU61-Channel
-----
Modulated by
Software
Software
20
Purpose
start of next note
running signal
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Input Characteristic: (do nothing)
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Output Characteristic: (do nothing)
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Parameters: (do nothing)
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Notes: Insert Notes: If you wish, you can insert your comments here.
Exit and Save this dialog now by clicking
Application Note
the close button.
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Functions: (do nothing)
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Parameters: (do nothing)
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Notes: Insert Notes: If you wish, you can insert your comments here.
Exit and Save this dialog now by clicking
Application Note
the close button.
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Configuration of the CCU61 module:
The configuration window/dialog can be opened by clicking the specific block/module (CCU61).
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CCU61: Module Clock: click ~ Enable module
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CCU61:
Pin Control: Control of Pins CC6x and CC6xIN: CC60: select Use pin CC60 as Output (P0.0)
Pin Control: Control of Pins CC6x and CC6xIN: CC61: select Use pin CC61 as Output (P0.1)
Pin Control: Control of Pins CC6x and CC6xIN: CC62: select Use pin CC62 as Output (P0.2)
CCU61: Pin Control: Control of Pins COUT6x: COUT63: select Use pin COUT63 as Output (P0.6)
Remember:
Port_0 pins used by our PWM module CCU61:
Port Lines
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.6
Signal
CCU61_CC60
CCU61_CC61
CCU61_CC62
CCU61_COUT63
Application Note
Duty Cycle [%] (purpose, modulated by)
100 (note length, Timer_12)
100 (note length, Timer_12)
100 (note length, Timer_12) + 50 (note frequency, Timer_13)
50 (note frequency, Timer_13)
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Timer 12: “note length”:
CCU61: Timer 12: Input Selection: Input selection: choose fCPU/32 &Icirc; Resolution = 124,12 &micro;s *1
CCU61: Timer 12: T12 Single Shot Control: tick ; Enable single shot mode (T12SSC)
CCU61: Timer 12: Interrupt Control: tick ; Enable interrupt for T12 Period match
*1
*1:
Timer 12 Resolution:
66 MHz / 256 (T12PRE=1, done by software) / 32 = 8.056,64 Hz &Icirc; Resolution = 124,12 &micro;s
&lt;&lt;&lt; !!! click here to see more information about music !!! &gt;&gt;&gt;
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Note:
Unfortunately bit T12PRE is not available in the DAvE dialog.
Source: User’s Manual:
The input clock for timer T12 can be from fCCU61 to a maximum of fCCU61/128 and is configured by
bit field T12CLK. In order to support higher clock frequencies, an additional prescaler factor of
1/256 can be enabled for the prescaler of T12 if bit T12PRE = 1.
Timer 12 Resolution:
66 MHz / 256 (T12PRE=1, done by software) / 32 = 8.056,64 Hz &Icirc; Resolution = 124,12 &micro;s
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Timer 13: ”note frequency”:
CCU61: Timer T13: Input Selection: Input selection select fCPU/4 (Resolution: 60,606 ns)
CCU61: Timer T13: Timer 13 Start Control: tick 9 Start T13 after initialization (T13RS)
Note:
Timer 13 resolution = 1/(fCPU/4) = 1/(66MHz/4) = 60,606 ns.
&lt;&lt;&lt; !!! click here to see more information about music !!! &gt;&gt;&gt;
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CCU61: Multi Channel: (do nothing)
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CCU61: Channels: click Configure Channel 0
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CCU61: Channels: Configure Channel 0:
Mode Selection: Mode Selection for Capture / Compare Channel 0: click ~ Compare mode
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CCU61: Channels: Configure Channel 0:
Modulation Control for CC60:
T12 Modulation Control for CC60: tick ; Enable T12 modulation for CC60
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CCU61: Channels: Configure Channel 0: Modulation Control for COUT60: (do nothing)
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CCU61: Channels: Configure Channel 0: Control: (do nothing)
Exit and Save this dialog now by clicking
Application Note
the close button.
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CCU61: Channels: click Configure Channel 1
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CCU61: Channels: Configure Channel 1:
Mode Selection: Mode Selection for Capture / Compare Channel 1: click ~ Compare mode
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CCU61: Channels: Configure Channel 1:
Modulation Control for CC61:
T12 Modulation Control for CC61: tick ; Enable T12 modulation for CC61
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CCU61: Channels: Configure Channel 1: Modulation Control for COUT61: (do nothing)
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CCU61: Channels: Configure Channel 1: Control: (do nothing)
Exit and Save this dialog now by clicking
Application Note
the close button.
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CCU61: Channels: click Configure Channel 2
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CCU61: Channels: Configure Channel 2:
Mode Selection: Mode Selection for Capture / Compare Channel 2: click ~ Compare mode
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CCU61: Channels: Configure Channel 2:
Modulation Control for CC62:
T12 Modulation Control for CC62: tick ; Enable T12 modulation for CC62
CCU61: Channels: Configure Channel 2:
Modulation Control for CC62:
T13 Modulation Control for CC62: tick ; Enable T13 modulation for CC62
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CCU61: Channels: Configure Channel 2: Modulation Control for COUT62: (do nothing)
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CCU61: Channels: Configure Channel 2: Control: (do nothing)
Exit and Save this dialog now by clicking
Application Note
the close button.
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CCU61: Channels: click Configure Channel 3
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CCU61: Channels: Configure Channel 3:
Control: Compare Timer 13 Output Control: tick ; Enable alternate output function COUT63
Exit and Save this dialog now by clicking
Application Note
the close button.
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CCU61: Trap / Interrupt Control: click Interrupt Configuration
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CCU61: Trap / Interrupt Control: Interrupt Configuration:
Interrupts Configuration: drag and drop T12 Interrupts to Node 0
Exit and Save this dialog now by clicking
Application Note
the close button.
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CCU61: Interrupts: drag and drop the CCU61 I0 INT to Interrupt Level 12, Group 0
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CCU61: Int. Extension: (do nothing)
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CCU61: Bank Select: (do nothing)
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CCU61: PEC: (do nothing)
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CCU61: Functions: Initialization Function: tick/check ; CCU6_vInit
CCU61: Functions: Function Library (Part 1): tick ; CCU61_vStartTmr
CCU61: Functions: Function Library (Part 1): tick ; CCU61_vStopTmr
CCU61: Functions: Function Library (Part 1): tick ; CCU61_vSetTmrPeriod
CCU61: Functions: Function Library (Part 1): tick ; CCU61_vEnableShadowTransfer
CCU61: Functions: Function Library (Part 1): tick ; CCU61_vLoadChannelShadowRegister
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CCU61: Parameters: (do nothing)
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CCU61: Notes: If you wish, you can insert your comments here.
Exit and Save this dialog now by clicking
Application Note
the close button.
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Generate Code:
File - Generate Code
or
click
DAvE will show you all the files he has generated
(File Viewer opens automatically):
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CCU61.C and CCU61.H are new!
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Close DAvE:
File – Exit
Save changes? click Yes
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Start Keil &micro;Vision4 and open your Keil Project:
If you see an open project – close it: Project - Close Project
Project - Open Project
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Select Project File: Look in: choose C:\XE164 (1)
Select Project File: Files of type: check/choose Project Files (*.uvproj) (2)
Click XE164.uvproj (3)
Click
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Click Yes
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new
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Project – Rebuild all target files
Application Note
or
click
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Insert/Change your application specific program:
Note:
DAvE doesn’t change code which is inserted between ‘// USER CODE BEGIN’ and ‘//
USER CODE END’. Therefore, whenever adding code to DAvE’s generated code, write it
between ‘// USER CODE BEGIN’ and ‘// USER CODE END’.
If you wish to change DAvE&acute;s generated code or add code outside these ‘USER CODE’
sections you will have to insert/modify your changes each time after letting DAvE
regenerate code!
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Double click MAIN.C and change Global Variables
from:
const char menu[] =
&quot;\n\n\n&quot;
&quot;1 ... LED IO_Port_2.7 ON\n&quot;
&quot;2 ... LED IO_Port_2.7 OFF\n&quot;
&quot;3 ... LED IO_Port_2.7 blinking\n&quot;
&quot;\n&quot;;
volatile int RS232_wait=2;
volatile bit blinking=ON;
char select=' ';
to:
const char menu[] =
&quot;\n\n\n&quot;
&quot;a ... play: Maus am Mars\n&quot;
&quot;b ... play: Yesterday\n&quot;
&quot;c ... play: Frere Jacques / Lazy John / Bruder Jakob\n&quot;
&quot;d ... play: Happy birthday\n&quot;
&quot;e ... play: Take Me Home, Country Roads\n&quot;
&quot;f ... play: Es tanzt ein Bi-ba-butzemann\n&quot;
&quot;g ... play: Ich geh mit meiner Laterne\n&quot;
&quot;h ... play: The little drummer boy\n&quot;
&quot;i ... play: Hey, Pippi Langstrumpf\n&quot;
&quot;j ... play: Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht\n&quot;
&quot;k ... play: Junge komm bald wieder\n&quot;
&quot;l ... play: Lili Marleen\n&quot;
&quot;m ... play: musical scale / chromatic scale / for testing purpose\n&quot;
&quot;z ... back to main menu (anytime)\n\n&quot;;
volatile int RS232_wait=2;
char select=' ';
char mb1[500]; // message buffer for sprintf()
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Double click MAIN.C and insert (1/3) Global Variables:
// *** Music ***:
/*
Construction of the music data:
===============================
created by Christan Perschl (www.perschl.at)
extended by Wilhelm Brezovits
C,D,E,F,G,A,H: play note
+: the + raises its note a semitone: Cis, Dis, Eis, Fis, Gis, Ais, His
-: the - lowers its note a semitone: Ces, Des, Es, Fes, Ges, As, Hes
Lx : Change note length
(x = 1,2,4,8,16 -&gt; 1=whole-note, 2=half-note, 4=quarter-note, ...)
Px : play rest
(x = 1,2,4,8,16 -&gt; 1=whole-rest, 2=half-rest, 4=quarter-rest, ...)
Ox : Change octave (x = 0,1,2,3)
. : Extend preceding note by half of its value
Tx : Change tempo (x = 50 ... 199 beats per minute)
Additional functionality:
=========================
OL : activate octave LOW
ON : deactivate octave LOW = activate octave normal (O0,O1,O2,O3)
*/
unsigned int T13_values[] = {62977, 59550, 56122, 53061, 50000, 47278, 44685, 42092, 39796,
37500, 35450, 33401, 275};
// Timer-T13-periods(frequencies) of the notes
// [0]=c',[1]=cis',[2]=d',[3]=dis',[4]=e',[5]=f',
// [6]=fis',[7]=g',[8]=gis',[9]=a',[10]=ais',[11]=h',
// [12]=&lt;Frequency for rest&gt;
unsigned int length_of_a_whole_note = 16113;
// Default length of a whole-note with tempo 120
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Double click MAIN.C and insert (2/3) Global Variables:
// *** Songs ***:
// Maus am Mars (song a) :
const char
songa[]=&quot;T120O0L4FL8AL4O1C.O0L8FEGL2O1CO0P4P8L4EL8GO1L4C.O0L8EFAL2O1CP4
P8O0L4FL8AO1L4C.O0L8FH-O1L4DFL8FEDDCO0HO1CDCO0H-GL2F.&quot;;
// Yesterday (song b) :
const char songb[]=&quot;T120O0L8GL16FL2F.P4L8AHO1C+DEFL4EL8DL2D.P8L8DDCO0HAGL4H-L8AL4A.L4GFL8AL2GL8DL4FL8AL2AAAL4O1DEFL8EDL4E.L8DL4CEFCO0HAL8GL16FL2F.P4L8AHO1C+DEFL4EL8DL2D.P8L8DDCO0H-AGL4HL8AL4A.L4GFL8AL2GL8DL4FL8AL2A&quot;;
// Bruder Jakob (song c) :
const char songc[]=&quot;T120O0L4FGAFFGAFAH-O1L2CO0L4AH-O1L2CL8CDCO0L8HL4AFO1L8CDCO0L8H-L4AFFCL2FL4FCL2F&quot;;
// Happy birthday (song d) :
const char
songd[]=&quot;T120O0L8DDL4EDGL2F+L8DDL4EDAL2GL8DDL4O1DO0HL8GGL4F+L4EO1L8C
CO0L4HGAL2G&quot;;
// Take Me Home, Country Roads (song e):
const char
songe[]=&quot;T199O0L4DDE.L2D.P2L4EL8DL4EL2G.P2L8AL4A.L4H.L2A.L4EEEDL8EL4GL1GP
1L4DDE.L2D.L4EGGHL1HL4AAAAH.L2A.L4EGGAL2G.L4GAL1HL8HAL4GL1AL4HAL1G
L4HO1L4DL1EL4EEDO0L1HL8HAGAL1HL8HAL4GL1GL4GAL1G&quot;;
// Es tanzt ein Bi-ba-butzemann (song f):
const char
songf[]=&quot;T199O0L8DGGO1DDO0HHGGAADDL4GP8L8DGGO1DDO0HHGGAADDL4GP8L8
HAHO1CO0AHO1CDO0L8HAHO1CO0AHO1CDO0DGGO1DDO0HHGGAADDL4G&quot;;
// Ich geh mit meiner Laterne (song g):
const char
songg[]=&quot;T120O0L8CL4FL8FAFAO1L4C.O0L4AL8FG.L16GL8GGAGL4F.P4O0L8CL4FL8FA
FAO1L4C.O0L4AL8FG.L16GL8GGAGL4F.P4O0L8AO1L4CO0L8AL4FL8AO1L4CO0L8AL4F
L8FGGGGAGL4FP4.O0L8AO1L4CO0L8AL4FL8AO1L4CO0L8AL4FL8FGGGGAGL4FP4.&quot;;
// The little drummer boy (song h):
const char
songh[]=&quot;T120P2O0L2D.L4EL2F+L4F+L4F+L8GF+L4GL2F+P2L4DDEF+L4F+L4F+L4F+L8G
F+L4GL2F+P2L4EF+L4GAAAHL8AGL4F+L2EP2L4EF+L4GAAAHO1L8CO0L8HL4AL2GL8
HAL4GL2F+L8AGL4F+L2EP1L2D.L4EL4F+F+F+F+L8GF+L4GL2F+P1L8EDL4EL2D&quot;;
// Hey, Pippi Langstrumpf (song i):
const char
songi[]=&quot;T180OLL4AONO0L4DF+DL2EL8GF+EDL4C+EOLAONO0L4C+L2DF+OLL4AONO
0L4DF+DL2EL8GF+EDL4C+EOLL4AONO0L4C+DP4P2OLL4AONO0L4DF+DL2EL8GF+ED
L4C+EOLAONO0L4C+L2DF+OLL4AONO0L4DF+DL2EL8GF+EDL4C+EOLL4AONO0L4C+
DP4P2O0L2F+L4F+F+L2GL4GL8GF+L4EL8EEL4EL8EDL4C+DEP4L2F+L4F+F+L2GL4GF+
EEDC+DP4L2F+GAH.O1L4DC+O0L4HAGL2AO1L4C+O0L4HAGF+L2G.L4HAGF+EL2F+GL
4AF+GAL2H.O1L4DC+O0L4HAGL2A.O1L4C+O0L4HAGF+L2G.L4HAGF+EL2F+EDP2&quot;;
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// Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht (song j):
const char
songj[]=&quot;T72O0L8G.L16AL8GL4E.L8G.L16AL8GL4E.O1L4DL8DO0L4H.O1L4CL8CO0L4G.L
4AL8AO1L8C.O0L16HL8AL8G.L16AL8GL4E.L4AL8AO1L8C.O0L16HL8AL8G.L16AL8GL4
E.O1L4DL8DL8F.L16DO0L8HO1L4C.L4E.L8C.O0L16GL8EL8G.L16FL8DL1C.&quot;;
// Junge komm bald wieder (song k):
const char
songk[]=&quot;T120O0L4DDL8C+L8DL4EL4D.OLL8HONO0L4EL4D.OLL8HONO0L2C.L4EEL8D+
L8EL4F+L4E.L8EL4GL4F+L4EL2D.L4GGGEL2CL4GF+L4EL2D.L4F+L4F+.L8EL4EL2DL4E
L4D.L8COLL2H.ONO0L4DDL8C+L8DL4EL4D.OLL8HONO0L4EL4D.OLL8HONO0L2C.L4E
EL8D+L8EL4F+L4E.L8EL4GF+L4AL2GP8L8DDDDDDDDDL4DP8L8DL8D+L8DDDDDL8D
+L8DL4DP8L8DL8EEEEEEL2GP8L8EL1DP8L8DL8EEEL4E.P8L8GGGF+L8GL1A.&quot;;
// Lili Marleen (song l):
const char
songl[]=&quot;T120O0L4EL8E.L16FL4GL4EL8F.L16FL8F.O1L16CO0L2HL8D.L16DL8D.L16EL4FL
8F.L16GL8H.L16AL8G.L16FL4E.L8CL4AL8H.O1L16CO0L4HL4AL4AL4GL4H.L8AL4GL4FL
4A.L8GL4FEL4G.L8EL4G.L8FL4FO1L4DL2CP4O0L4EL4G.L8FL4FOLL4HONO0L2C.&quot;;
// musical scale / chromatic scale / for testing purpose (song m) :
const char songm[]=&quot;T60ONO0L1C.OLL1C.&quot;;
char song[MAX_SONG_LENGTH];
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Double click MAIN.C and insert (3/3) Global Variables:
// default values for global variables - will be overwritten before use:
volatile unsigned int note=12;
volatile unsigned int octave=1;
volatile unsigned int current_note_length=16113;
volatile unsigned int old_note_length=16113;
volatile unsigned int tempo=120; // 120 beats/minute
volatile unsigned int pos=0; // current note
volatile unsigned int max=0; // song length
// song counters:
unsigned int next_song_a=0; // song counter song a
unsigned int next_song_b=0; // song counter song b
unsigned int next_song_c=0; // song counter song c
unsigned int next_song_d=0; // song counter song d
unsigned int next_song_e=0; // song counter song e
unsigned int next_song_f=0; // song counter song f
unsigned int next_song_g=0; // song counter song g
unsigned int next_song_h=0; // song counter song h
unsigned int next_song_i=0; // song counter song i
unsigned int next_song_j=0; // song counter song j
unsigned int next_song_k=0; // song counter song k
unsigned int next_song_l=0; // song counter song l
unsigned int next_song_m=0; // song counter song m
volatile bit OctaveLOW=OFF;
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Double click MAIN.C and change function ”char input (void)”:
from:
char input (void)
{
char in=' ';
do
{
myprintf(&quot;your choice: &quot;);
in = (char)U0C0_ASC_uwGetData();
}while (in!='1' &amp;&amp; in!= '2' &amp;&amp; in != '3');
return in;
}
to:
char input (void)
{
char in=' ';
do
{
myprintf(&quot;your choice: &quot;);
in = (char)U0C0_ASC_uwGetData();
}while ( !(in&gt;='a'&amp;&amp;in&lt;='m') );
return in;
}
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Double click MAIN.C and insert the function play_song():
void play_song(void)
{
max=0;
if ( next_song_a &amp;&amp; ((sizeof(songa)-1)&lt; MAX_SONG_LENGTH) )
strcpy(song,songa), max=(sizeof(songa))-1, --next_song_a,
myprintf(&quot;\nplaying: Maus am Mars\n&quot;);
if (next_song_b &amp;&amp; ((sizeof(songb)-1)&lt; MAX_SONG_LENGTH) )
strcpy(song,songb), max=(sizeof(songb))-1, --next_song_b,
myprintf(&quot;\nplaying: Yesterday\n&quot;);
if (next_song_c &amp;&amp; ((sizeof(songc)-1)&lt; MAX_SONG_LENGTH) )
strcpy(song,songc), max=(sizeof(songc))-1, --next_song_c,
myprintf(&quot;\nplaying: Frere Jacques - Lazy John - Bruder Jakob\n&quot;);
if (next_song_d &amp;&amp; ((sizeof(songd)-1)&lt; MAX_SONG_LENGTH) )
strcpy(song,songd), max=(sizeof(songd))-1, --next_song_d,
myprintf(&quot;\nplaying: Happy birthday\n&quot;);
if (next_song_e &amp;&amp; ((sizeof(songe)-1)&lt; MAX_SONG_LENGTH) )
strcpy(song,songe), max=(sizeof(songe))-1, --next_song_e,
myprintf(&quot;\nplaying: Take Me Home, Country Roads\n&quot;);
if (next_song_f &amp;&amp; ((sizeof(songf)-1)&lt; MAX_SONG_LENGTH) )
strcpy(song,songf), max=(sizeof(songf))-1, --next_song_f,
myprintf(&quot;\nplaying: Es tanzt ein Bi-ba-butzemann\n&quot;);
if (next_song_g &amp;&amp; ((sizeof(songg)-1)&lt; MAX_SONG_LENGTH) )
strcpy(song,songg), max=(sizeof(songg))-1, --next_song_g,
myprintf(&quot;\nplaying: Ich geh mit meiner Laterne\n&quot;);
if (next_song_h &amp;&amp; ((sizeof(songh)-1)&lt; MAX_SONG_LENGTH) )
strcpy(song,songh), max=(sizeof(songh))-1, --next_song_h,
myprintf(&quot;\nplaying: The little drummer boy\n&quot;);
if (next_song_i &amp;&amp; ((sizeof(songi)-1)&lt; MAX_SONG_LENGTH) )
strcpy(song,songi), max=(sizeof(songi))-1, --next_song_i,
myprintf(&quot;\nplaying: Hey, Pippi Langstrumpf\n&quot;);
if (next_song_j &amp;&amp; ((sizeof(songj)-1)&lt; MAX_SONG_LENGTH) )
strcpy(song,songj), max=(sizeof(songj))-1, --next_song_j,
myprintf(&quot;\nplaying: Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht\n&quot;);
if (next_song_k &amp;&amp; ((sizeof(songk)-1)&lt; MAX_SONG_LENGTH) )
strcpy(song,songk), max=(sizeof(songk))-1, --next_song_k,
myprintf(&quot;\nplaying: Junge komm bald wieder\n&quot;);
if (next_song_l &amp;&amp; ((sizeof(songl)-1)&lt; MAX_SONG_LENGTH) )
strcpy(song,songl), max=(sizeof(songl))-1, --next_song_l,
myprintf(&quot;\nplaying: Lili Marleen\n&quot;);
if (next_song_m &amp;&amp; ((sizeof(songm)-1)&lt; MAX_SONG_LENGTH) )
strcpy(song,songm), max=(sizeof(songm))-1, --next_song_m,
myprintf(&quot;\nplaying: musical scale / chromatic scale / for testing purpose\n&quot;);
sprintf(mb1,&quot;song-length = %5u Byte[s] \n&quot;,max);
myprintf(mb1);
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pos=0;
if (max&gt;0) // there is something to play
{
// start CCU61 - Timer T12 - ISR the first time
CCU61_ISS = CCU61_IS | 0x80; // set ST12PM -&gt; Set-Timer-T12Period-Match-Flag
while (pos&lt;=max);
// wait until song end is reached or abort by user is done
}
if ( (U0C0_RBUF=='z') )
{
myprintf(&quot;Song aborted.\n&quot;);
}
else
{
sprintf(mb1,&quot;End of the song reached (pos=%5u of max%5u).\n&quot;,pos,max);
myprintf(mb1);
}
}
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Double click MAIN.C and insert the following code into the main function:
// enable CCU61 Timer T12 additional prescaler (1/256 prescaler of T12):
CCU61_TCTR0=CCU61_TCTR0 | 0x0008;
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Remember:
Unfortunately bit T12PRE is not available in the DAvE dialog.
Source: User’s Manual:
The input clock for timer T12 can be from fCCU61 to a maximum of fCCU61/128 and is configured by
bit field T12CLK. In order to support higher clock frequencies, an additional prescaler factor of
1/256 can be enabled for the prescaler of T12 if bit T12PRE = 1.
Timer 12 Resolution:
66 MHz / 256 (T12PRE=1, done by software) / 32 = 8.056,64 Hz &Icirc; Resolution = 124,12 &micro;s
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Double click MAIN.C and change the following code (main function, while(1) loop)
from:
myprintf(menu);
select=input();
switch (select)
{
case '1': blinking=OFF, IO_vResetPin(IO_P2_7), myprintf(&quot;\n*** LED IO_Port_2.7 ON
***\n&quot;); break;
case '2': blinking=OFF, IO_vSetPin(IO_P2_7), myprintf(&quot;\n*** LED IO_Port_2.7 OFF
***\n&quot;); break;
case '3': blinking=ON, myprintf(&quot;\n*** LED IO_Port_2.7 BLINKING ***\n&quot;);
break;
}
to:
myprintf(menu);
select=input();
switch (select)
{
case 'a': ++next_song_a, play_song(); break;
case 'b': ++next_song_b, play_song(); break;
case 'c': ++next_song_c, play_song(); break;
case 'd': ++next_song_d, play_song(); break;
case 'e': ++next_song_e, play_song(); break;
case 'f': ++next_song_f, play_song(); break;
case 'g': ++next_song_g, play_song(); break;
case 'h': ++next_song_h, play_song(); break;
case 'i': ++next_song_i, play_song(); break;
case 'j': ++next_song_j, play_song(); break;
case 'k': ++next_song_k, play_song(); break;
case 'l': ++next_song_l, play_song(); break;
case 'm': ++next_song_m, play_song(); break;
}
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Double click Main.h and insert the following Defines:
#define MAX_SONG_LENGTH 500
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Double click Main.h and change extern declarations “Global Variables”
from:
extern volatile int RS232_wait;
extern volatile bit blinking;
to:
extern volatile int RS232_wait;
extern unsigned int T13_values[];
extern unsigned int length_of_a_whole_note;
extern char song[];
extern volatile unsigned int note;
extern volatile unsigned int octave;
extern volatile unsigned int current_note_length;
extern volatile unsigned int old_note_length;
extern volatile unsigned int tempo;
extern volatile unsigned int pos;
extern volatile unsigned int max;
extern volatile bit OctaveLOW;
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Double click Main.h and insert include files:
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;
#include &quot;read_song_string.h&quot;
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Double click CC2.C change code (CAPCOM 2 Timer 7 Interrupt Service Routine)
from:
if(RS232_wait)
RS232_wait--;
if (blinking)
{
IO_vTogglePin(IO_P2_7);
}
to:
if(RS232_wait)
RS232_wait--;
IO_vTogglePin(IO_P2_7);
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Remember:
Port_2 pins used as GPIO:
Port Lines
P2.8
P2.7
Function
Show start of next note
„use: program running signal“
Application Note
Comment
User LED_2: Toggled via Software
User LED_1: Toggled via CAPCOM2_Timer_7 ISR
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Double click CCU61.C insert code (CCU61 Interrupt Service Routine, Timer T12 period match) :
if ( (char)U0C0_RBUF == 'z' ) // song aborted by user
pos=max+1;
if (pos&lt;=max)
{
read_song_string(); // read next note
// T12, note length
CCU61_T12PR=((float)current_note_length/(float)tempo*120.0); // period value note length
CCU61_CC60SR=0; // not used (100% duty cycle)
CCU61_CC61SR=0; // not used (100% duty cycle)
// if compare value CCU6_CC62SR == 0 -&gt; 100 % duty cycle note length
CCU61_CC62SR=0;
CCU61_vEnableShadowTransfer(CCU61_TIMER_12);
// T13, note frequency
CCU61_T13PR=T13_values[note]/octave; // note frequency
CCU61_CC63SR=T13_values[note]/octave/2; // duty cycle note frequency = 50 %
CCU61_vEnableShadowTransfer(CCU61_TIMER_13);
if
(note == 0) myprintf(&quot;note=c &quot;);
else if (note == 1) myprintf(&quot;note=cis&quot;);
else if (note == 2) myprintf(&quot;note=d &quot;);
else if (note == 3) myprintf(&quot;note=dis&quot;);
else if (note == 4) myprintf(&quot;note=e &quot;);
else if (note == 5) myprintf(&quot;note=f &quot;);
else if (note == 6) myprintf(&quot;note=fis&quot;);
else if (note == 7) myprintf(&quot;note=g &quot;);
else if (note == 8) myprintf(&quot;note=gis&quot;);
else if (note == 9) myprintf(&quot;note=a &quot;);
else if (note ==10) myprintf(&quot;note=ais&quot;);
else if (note ==11) myprintf(&quot;note=h &quot;);
else if (note ==12) myprintf(&quot;note=---&quot;);
else
myprintf(&quot;note=???&quot;);
if
(octave == 1 &amp;&amp; OctaveLOW==OFF) myprintf(&quot;*O0*&quot;);
else if (octave == 1 &amp;&amp; OctaveLOW== ON) myprintf(&quot;*OL*&quot;);
else if (octave == 2) myprintf(&quot;*O1*&quot;);
else if (octave == 4) myprintf(&quot;*O2*&quot;);
else if (octave == 8) myprintf(&quot;*O3*&quot;);
else
myprintf(&quot;????&quot;);
sprintf(mb2,&quot;, T12-pv=%5u (%5u),&quot;,current_note_length,CCU61_T12PR);
myprintf(mb2);
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sprintf(mb2,&quot;T12-p=%1.2f (%1.2f)[s],
&quot;,current_note_length*124.12/1000.0/1000.0,CCU61_T12PR*124.12/1000.0/1000.0);
myprintf(mb2);
sprintf(mb2,&quot;T13-pv=%5u (%5u),&quot;, T13_values[note]/octave,CCU61_T13PR);
myprintf(mb2);
if (OctaveLOW==OFF)
{
help=(float)T13_values[note];
help=((help/octave)*60.606)/1000.0/1000.0/1000.0;
help=1/help;
sprintf(mb2,&quot;T13-f=%7.0f[Hz]\n&quot;,help);
myprintf(mb2);
}
else if (OctaveLOW==ON)
{
help=(float)T13_values[note];
help=((help/octave)*121.21)/1000.0/1000.0/1000.0;
help=1/help;
sprintf(mb2,&quot;T13-f=%7.0f[Hz]\n&quot;,help);
myprintf(mb2);
}
IO_vTogglePin(IO_P2_8); // Toggle P2.8
CCU61_vStartTmr(CCU61_TIMER_12); // Start next note (T12 single shot)
}
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Double click CCU61.C insert Global Variables:
char mb2[500]; // message buffer for sprintf()
float help;
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File – New
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Insert:
extern void read_song_string (void);
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File – Save As…
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Insert: read_song_string.h
Click
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Mouse position: Project Window, Target 1: click right mouse button
click Manage Components
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Double click User Files:
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Insert: myprintf Files &lt;ENTER&gt;
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Click New (Insert):
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Insert Music Files:
&lt;ENTER&gt;
OK
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myprintf Files
Music Files
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File – New
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Insert:
#include &quot;main.h&quot;
#include &quot;read_song_string.h&quot;
void SetOctaveNORMAL(void)
{
OctaveLOW = OFF; // clear Global Variable
CCU61_vStopTmr(CCU61_TIMER_13); // Stop Timer 13
CCU61_TCTR0 = CCU61_TCTR0 &amp; 0xF8FF; // prescaler factor is 4, clear T13CLK
CCU61_TCTR0 = CCU61_TCTR0 | 0x0200; // prescaler factor is 4, set T13CLK
CCU61_vStartTmr(CCU61_TIMER_13); // Start Timer 13
}
void SetOctaveLOW(void)
{
OctaveLOW = ON; // set Global Variable
CCU61_vStopTmr(CCU61_TIMER_13); // Stop Timer 13
CCU61_TCTR0 = CCU61_TCTR0 &amp; 0xF8FF; // prescaler factor is 8, clear T13CLK
CCU61_TCTR0 = CCU61_TCTR0 | 0x0300; // prescaler factor is 8, set T13CLK
CCU61_vStartTmr(CCU61_TIMER_13); // Start Timer 13
}
void read_song_string (void)
{
unsigned char substr[4]=0;
current_note_length=old_note_length;
switch (song[pos])
{
// select note:
case 'C': note=0;
switch (song[++pos])
{
case '+': note++; pos++; break;
case '-': octave--;
note=11;
pos++;
default : ;
break;
}
break;
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case 'D': note=2;
switch (song[++pos])
{
case '+': note++; pos++; break;
case '-': note--; pos++; break;
default: ;
break;
}
break;
case 'E': note=4;
switch (song[++pos])
{
case '+': note++; pos++; break;
case '-': note--; pos++;
break;
default : ;
break;
}
break;
case 'F': note=5;
switch (song[++pos])
{
case '+': note++; pos++; break;
case '-': note--; pos++;
break;
default : ;
break;
}
break;
case 'G': note=7;
switch (song[++pos])
{
case '+': note++; pos++; break;
case '-': note--; pos++;
break;
default : ;
break;
}
break;
case 'A': note=9;
switch (song[++pos])
{
case '+': note++; pos++; break;
case '-': note--; pos++; break;
default : ;
break;
}
break;
case 'H': note=11;
switch (song[++pos])
{
case '+': octave++;
}
note=0;
pos++;
case '-': note--; pos++;
default : ;
break;
break;
Application Note
break;
break;
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// adjust note length:
case 'L': switch (song[++pos])
{
case '1': if (song[++pos]=='6')
current_note_length=length_of_a_whole_note/16;
else
{
pos--;
current_note_length=length_of_a_whole_note;
}
break;
case '2': current_note_length=length_of_a_whole_note/2; break;
case '4': current_note_length=length_of_a_whole_note/4; break;
case '8': current_note_length=length_of_a_whole_note/8; break;
default : ;
break;
}
old_note_length=current_note_length;
pos++;
read_song_string(); break;
// set rest:
case 'P': switch (song[++pos])
{
case '1': if (song[++pos]=='6')
current_note_length=length_of_a_whole_note/16;
else
{
pos--;
current_note_length=length_of_a_whole_note;
}
break;
case '2':current_note_length=length_of_a_whole_note/2; break;
case '4':current_note_length=length_of_a_whole_note/4; break;
case '8':current_note_length=length_of_a_whole_note/8; break;
default :
; break;
}
note=12;
pos++;
break;
// adjust octave:
case 'O': switch (song[++pos])
{
case '0': octave=1; break;
case '1': octave=2; break;
case '2': octave=4; break;
case '3': octave=8; break;
default : if (song[pos]=='L') octave=1, SetOctaveLOW();
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if (song[pos]=='N') octave=1, SetOctaveNORMAL();
break;
}
pos++;
read_song_string();
break;
// tempo:
case 'T': pos++;
substr[3]=0; //string termination
if (song[pos]=='1')
{
substr[0]=song[pos];
substr[1]=song[++pos];
substr[2]=song[++pos];
}
else
{
substr[0]=song[pos];
substr[1]=song[++pos];
substr[2]=' ';
}
tempo=atoi(substr);
pos++;
read_song_string(); break;
default: ; break;
} /* end case */
// extend note length by half:
if (song[pos]=='.')
{
old_note_length=current_note_length;
current_note_length=current_note_length*3.0/2.0;
pos++;
}
if (pos==max) pos++;
} /* end read_song_string */
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File – Save As…
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Insert: read_song_string.c
Click Save
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Mouse position: Project Window, Music Files: click right mouse button
Click Add Files to Group ‘Music Files’
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Files of type: select All files
Mark read_song_string.h and read_song_string.c
Click Add
Click Close
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Generate your application program:
Project – Rebuild all target files
Application Note
or
click
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Make sure that the UConnect-CAN XE164 is still connected to the host computer:
USB Connection:
.) used for: UART communication (the USIC0_CH0/UART/RS232/serial interface is available via
USB as a virtual COM port of the second USB channel of the FTDI FT2232 Dual USB to
UART/JTAG interface).
.) used for: On-Chip-Flash-Programming and Debugging (first USB channel of the FTDI FT2232
Dual USB to UART/JTAG interface).
.) the USB connection works also as the power supply.
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Connect your active loudspeaker(s) to the UConnect-CAN XE164:
Connect CCU61_CC62 (P0.2) and GND (VSS) to your active loudspeaker(s):
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Now, start Docklight and click
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(Start Communication):
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Go to &micro;Vision, Download/program your application program into the On Chip Flash:
Click:
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Go to Docklight and see / hear / enjoy the result:
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Insert/select d
T12 period value
@ tempo = 120
beats/minute
T12 period value
@ current tempo
note length
@ tempo = 120
beats/minute
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Note length
@ current tempo
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Use any Logic Analyser (LGA) / scope and see the result:
Note:
Song d: Happy birthday:
code unsigned char
songd[]=&quot;T120O0L8DDL4EDGL2F+L8DDL4EDAL2GL8DDL4O1DO0HL8GGL4F+L4EO1L8C
CO0L4HGAL2G&quot;;
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HAPPY BIRTHDAY =
T120O0L8DDL4EDGL2F+L8DDL4EDAL2GL8DDL4O1DO0HL8GGL4F… ...
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HAPPY BIRTHDAY =
T120O0L8DDL4EDGL2F+L8DDL4EDAL2GL8DDL4O1DO0HL8GGL4F… ...
Start/play
next note
Start/play
next note
Start/play
next note
Start/play
next note
Note:
Start/play next note:
IO_vTogglePin(IO_P2_8); // Show start of next note on Port 2.8
CCU61_vStartTmr(CCU61_TIMER_12); // Start next note (T12 single shot)
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2.) Appendix: about music (note length and note frequency)
Syntax used in our programming example:
Lx : Change note length
(x = 1,2,4,8,16 -&gt; 1=whole-note, 2=half-note, 4=quarter-note, 8=Eighth-note, 16=16th-note)
Real Music:
note
LENGTH
1/1
Whole Note (Semi-breve)
(4 beats)
1/2
Half-note (Minim)
(2 beats)
1/4
Quarter-note (Crotchet)
(1 beat)
1/8
Eighth-note (Quaver)
(1/2 beat)
1/16
Sixteenth-note/16th-note (Semiquaver)
(1/4 beat)
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Syntax used in our programming example:
. : Extend preceding note by half of its value
Real Music:
note
LENGTH
&frac12; (2 beats) + (&frac12;)/2 (1 beat) = &frac34; (3 beats)
Note:
The . extends the length of the note by half of its length.
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Syntax used in our programming example:
C,D,E,F,G,A,H: play note
Real Music:
Note:
The notes C,D,E,F,G,A,H are named C,D,E,F,G,A,B in other countries.
In this document we stick to the German names.
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Syntax used in our programming example:
+: The + (Sharp) raises its note (frequency) a semitone: Cis, Dis, Eis, Fis, Gis, Ais, His
Real Music:
Syntax used in our programming example:
-: The – (Flat) lowers its note (frequency) a semitone: Ces, Des, Es, Fes, Ges, As, Hes
Real Music:
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Syntax used in our programming example:
Px : play rest/pause/interval of silence
(x = 1,2,4,8,16 -&gt; 1=whole-rest, 2=half-rest, 4=quarter-rest, 8=Eighth-rest, 16=16th-rest)
Real Music:
rest
rest
LENGTH
1/1
Whole Rest
(4 beats)
1/2
Half-rest
(2 beats)
1/4
Quarter-rest
(1 beat)
1/8
Eighth-rest
(1/2 beat)
1/16
Sixteenth-rest/16th-rest
(1/4 beat)
Note:
The realisation of our programming example is easier when we deal with rests as notes.
Therefore, playing a rest means playing a note.
The frequency of the note which is a rest was chosen above our hearing threshold level
(e.g. 60.000 Hz).
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Octave:
Definition:
In music, an octave is the interval between one musical note and another with half or double its
frequency.
Note:
If one note has a frequency of 400 Hz, the note an octave above it is 800 Hz.
Further octaves of a note occur at 2n times the frequency of that note (where n is an integer, such as
2, 4, 8, 16 …).
Syntax used in our programming example:
Ox : change octave (x = 0,1,2,3)
Real Music:
C major scale:
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3.) Appendix: CCU6 use to create note length and note frequency
If note a’ is equal to 440 Hz then we get the following frequencies for the musical scale:
*1
C1
D1
E1
F1
G1
A1
H1
C2
*2
*1: frequency/note: source: Sch&uuml;ler Duden, Die Musik
*2: frequency/note: source: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonleiter
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Note – frequency (Timer 13), octave = O0, O1, O2 and O3:
O0
O1
O2
O3
In our programming example we are going to use the following period-values for Timer 13:
unsigned int T13_values[] =
{62977, 59550, 56122, 53061, 50000, 47278, 44685, 42092, 39796, 37500, 35450, 33401, 275};
/*
[0]=c',[1]=cis',[2]=d',[3]=dis',[4]=e',[5]=f',[6]=fis',[7]=g',[8]=gis',[9]=a',[10]=ais',[11]=h',
[12]=&lt;Frequency for rest&gt;
*/
So we get the following values shown in the table below
[Note: Timer 13 resolution = 1/(fclk/4) = 1/(66MHz/4) = 60,606 ns]:
T13 period values
T13_values[ 0] = 62977
T13_values[ 1] = 59550
T13_values[ 2] = 56122
T13_values[ 3] = 53061
T13_values[ 4] = 50000
T13_values[ 5] = 47278
T13_values[ 6] = 44685
T13_values[ 7] = 42092
T13_values[ 8] = 39796
T13_values[ 9] = 37500
T13_values[10] = 35450
T13_values[11] = 33401
T13_values[12] =
275
note
c’
cis’
d’
dis’
e’
f’
fis’
g’
gis’
a’
ais’
h’
----
Octave=0
(=’)
scaler for
T13Periodvalue =1
f [Hz]
262
Octave=1
(=’’)
scaler for
T13Periodvalue =2
f [Hz]
523
Octave=2
(=’’’)
scaler for
T13Periodvalue =4
f [Hz]
440
880
1760
494
60000
988
Octave=3
(=’’’’)
scaler for
T13Periodvalue =8
f [Hz]
294
330
349
392
3520
Note:
If one note has a frequency of 400 Hz, the note an octave above it is 800 Hz.
Further octaves of a note occur at 2n times the frequency of that note (where n is an integer, such as
2, 4, 8, 16 …).
e.g. for a’:
f = 1 / ( T13-period-value x T13-resolution ) = 1 / ( 37500 * 60,606 ns ) = 440 Hz
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Note – frequency (Timer 13), octave = OL:
OL
In our programming example we are going to use also the following period-values for Timer 13 for
octave = OL:
unsigned int T13_values[] =
{62977, 59550, 56122, 53061, 50000, 47278, 44685, 42092, 39796, 37500, 35450, 33401, 275};
/*
[0]=c',[1]=cis',[2]=d',[3]=dis',[4]=e',[5]=f',[6]=fis',[7]=g',[8]=gis',[9]=a',[10]=ais',[11]=h',
[12]=&lt;Frequency for rest&gt;
*/
So we get the following values shown in the table below
[Note: Timer 13 resolution = 1/(fclk/8) = 1/(66MHz/8) = 121,21 ns]:
T13 period values
T13_values[ 0] = 62977
T13_values[ 1] = 59550
T13_values[ 2] = 56122
T13_values[ 3] = 53061
T13_values[ 4] = 50000
T13_values[ 5] = 47278
T13_values[ 6] = 44685
T13_values[ 7] = 42092
T13_values[ 8] = 39796
T13_values[ 9] = 37500
T13_values[10] = 35450
T13_values[11] = 33401
T13_values[12] =
275
Application Note
note
Octave=OL
T13 Prescaler=8
f [Hz]
c
cis
d
dis
e
f
fis
g
gis
a
ais
h
----
131
139
147
156
165
175
186
196
208
220
234
247
30000
145
Octave=ONO0
T13 Prescaler=4
f [Hz]
262
294
330
349
392
440
494
60000
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Therefore we use the following program sequence in our application:
// T13, note frequency
CCU61_T13PR=T13_values[note]/octave; // note frequency
CCU61_CC63SR=T13_values[note]/octave/2; // duty cycle note frequency = 50 %
CCU61_vEnableShadowTransfer(CCU61_TIMER_13);
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note – length (Timer 12)
The metronome (a piece of equipment that repeats a regular beat, used by musicians to help them
play music at the right speed) allows the exact definition of the tempo.
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So we get the following table for speed:
Tempo
Beats per minute
Grave
Largo/Lento
Larghetto moderato
Larghetto
Adagio moderato
Adagio
Adagio cantabile
Andantino moderato
Andantino
Andante moderato
Andante
Allegretto moderato
Allegretto
Moderato 1
Moderato 2
Allegro moderato
Allegro
Vivace 1
Vivace 2
Presto moderato
Presto/Allegro assai
Prestissimo moderato
Prestissimo
40-60
60-66
66-76
76-108
108-120
120-168
168-200
200-208
Note:
Our software supports 50 to 199 Beats per minute:
Tx : Change tempo (x = 50 ... 199 Beats per Minute)
And tempo is used in the following way:
CCU61_T12PR=((float)current_note_length/(float)tempo*120.0); // period value
note length
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e.g.
@ 120 means:
120 “beats“ / minute =
2 “beats“ / second &AElig;
1 “beat“ = 0,5 second
1/1
note = 4
beats = 4
* 0,5 = 2
[s]
1/2
note = 2
beats = 2
* 0,5 = 1
[s]
1/4
note = 1
beat
* 0,5 = 0,5
[s]
1/8
note = 1/2 beat
= 1
= 1/2 * 0,5 = 0,25
1/16 note = 1/4 beat
[s]
= 1/4 * 0,5 = 0,125 [s]
So we get the following values shown in the table below
(Note: Timer 12 resolution = 66 MHz / 256 (T12PRE=1, done by software) / 32 = 8,0566 kHz &Icirc;
Resolution = 124,12 &micro;s):
T12 period values
16113 / 1 = 16113
note
note
1/1
note length
[s]
2
16113 / 2 = 8057
1/2
1
16113 / 4 = 4028
1/4
0,5
16113 / 8 = 2014
1/8
0,25
16113 / 16 = 1007
1/16
0,125
e.g. for
:
note length = T12-period-value / 4 * T12-resolution
note length = 16133 / 4 * 124,12 &micro;s = 0,5 [s]
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In our programming example we use the following code sequences:
unsigned int length_of_a_whole_note = 16113;
// Default length of a whole-note with tempo 120
// note length:
case 'L': switch (song[++pos])
{
case '1': if (song[++pos]=='6')
current_note_length=length_of_a_whole_note/16;
else
{
pos--;
current_note_length=length_of_a_whole_note;
}
break;
case '2': current_note_length=length_of_a_whole_note/2;
break;
case '4': current_note_length=length_of_a_whole_note/4;
break;
case '8': current_note_length=length_of_a_whole_note/8;
break;
default : ;
break;
}
old_note_length=current_note_length;
pos++;
read_song_string();
break;
CCU61_T12PR=((float)current_note_length/(float)tempo*120.0); // period
value note length
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4.) Appendix: songs used
4.1.) Song a: Maus am Mars:
// Maus am Mars (song a):
code unsigned char
songa[]=&quot;T120O0L4FL8AL4O1C.O0L8FEGL2O1CO0P4P8L4EL8GO1L4C.O0L8EFAL2O1CP4
P8O0L4FL8AO1L4C.O0L8FH-O1L4DFL8FEDDCO0HO1CDCO0H-GL2F.&quot;;
Note:
Thanks to Christian Perschl (www.perschl.at).
The songstring above was written down by Christian while humming the melody.
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4.2.) Song b: Yesterday:
// Yesterday (song b):
code unsigned char
songb[]=&quot;T120O0L8GL16FL2F.P4L8AHO1C+DEFL4EL8DL2D.P8L8DDCO0H-AGL4HL8AL4A.L4GFL8AL2GL8DL4FL8AL2AAAL4O1DEFL8EDL4E.L8DL4CEFCO0HAL8GL16FL2F.P4L8AHO1C+DEFL4EL8DL2D.P8L8DDCO0H-AGL4HL8AL4A.L4GFL8AL2GL8DL4FL8AL2A&quot;;
Note:
Thanks to Christian Perschl (www.perschl.at).
The songstring above was written down by Christian while humming the melody.
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4.3.) Song c: Bruder Jakob:
// Bruder Jakob (song c):
code unsigned char songc[]=&quot;T120O0L4FGAFFGAFAH-O1L2CO0L4AH-O1L2CL8CDCO0L8HL4AFO1L8CDCO0L8H-L4AFFCL2FL4FCL2F&quot;;
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4.4.) Song d: Happy birthday:
// Happy birthday (song d):
code unsigned char
songd[]=&quot;T120O0L8DDL4EDGL2F+L8DDL4EDAL2GL8DDL4O1DO0HL8GGL4F+L4EO1L8C
CO0L4HGAL2G&quot;;
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4.5.) Song e: Take Me Home, Country Roads:
// Take Me Home, Country Roads (song e):
code unsigned char
songe[]=&quot;T199O0L4DDE.L2D.P2L4EL8DL4EL2G.P2L8AL4A.L4H.L2A.L4EEEDL8EL4GL1GP
1L4DDE.L2D.L4EGGHL1HL4AAAAH.L2A.L4EGGAL2G.L4GAL1HL8HAL4GL1AL4HAL1G
L4HO1L4DL1EL4EEDO0L1HL8HAGAL1HL8HAL4GL1GL4GAL1G&quot;;
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4.6.) Song f: Es tanzt ein Bi-ba-butzemann:
// Es tanzt ein Bi-ba-butzemann (song f):
code unsigned char
songf[]=&quot;T199O0L8DGGO1DDO0HHGGAADDL4GP8L8DGGO1DDO0HHGGAADDL4GP8L8
HAHO1CO0AHO1CDO0L8HAHO1CO0AHO1CDO0DGGO1DDO0HHGGAADDL4G&quot;;
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4.7.) Song g: Ich geh mit meiner Laterne:
// Ich geh mit meiner Laterne (song g):
code unsigned char
songg[]=&quot;T120O0L8CL4FL8FAFAO1L4C.O0L4AL8FG.L16GL8GGAGL4F.P4O0L8CL4FL8FA
FAO1L4C.O0L4AL8FG.L16GL8GGAGL4F.P4O0L8AO1L4CO0L8AL4FL8AO1L4CO0L8AL4F
L8FGGGGAGL4FP4.O0L8AO1L4CO0L8AL4FL8AO1L4CO0L8AL4FL8FGGGGAGL4FP4.&quot;;
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4.8.) Song h: The little drummer boy:
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// The little drummer boy (song h):
code unsigned char
songh[]=&quot;T120P2O0L2D.L4EL2F+L4F+L4F+L8GF+L4GL2F+P2L4DDEF+L4F+L4F+L4F+L8G
F+L4GL2F+P2L4EF+L4GAAAHL8AGL4F+L2EP2L4EF+L4GAAAHO1L8CO0L8HL4AL2GL8
HAL4GL2F+L8AGL4F+L2EP1L2D.L4EL4F+F+F+F+L8GF+L4GL2F+P1L8EDL4EL2D&quot;;
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4.9.) Song i: Hey, Pippi Langstrumpf:
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// Hey, Pippi Langstrumpf (song i):
code unsigned char
songi[]=&quot;T180OLL4AONO0L4DF+DL2EL8GF+EDL4C+EOLAONO0L4C+L2DF+OLL4AONO
0L4DF+DL2EL8GF+EDL4C+EOLL4AONO0L4C+DP4P2OLL4AONO0L4DF+DL2EL8GF+ED
L4C+EOLAONO0L4C+L2DF+OLL4AONO0L4DF+DL2EL8GF+EDL4C+EOLL4AONO0L4C+
DP4P2O0L2F+L4F+F+L2GL4GL8GF+L4EL8EEL4EL8EDL4C+DEP4L2F+L4F+F+L2GL4GF+
EEDC+DP4L2F+GAH.O1L4DC+O0L4HAGL2AO1L4C+O0L4HAGF+L2G.L4HAGF+EL2F+GL
4AF+GAL2H.O1L4DC+O0L4HAGL2A.O1L4C+O0L4HAGF+L2G.L4HAGF+EL2F+EDP2&quot;;
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4.10.) Song j: Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht:
// Stille Nacht, heilige Nacht (song j):
code unsigned char
songj[]=&quot;T72O0L8G.L16AL8GL4E.L8G.L16AL8GL4E.O1L4DL8DO0L4H.O1L4CL8CO0L4G.L
4AL8AO1L8C.O0L16HL8AL8G.L16AL8GL4E.L4AL8AO1L8C.O0L16HL8AL8G.L16AL8GL4
E.O1L4DL8DL8F.L16DO0L8HO1L4C.L4E.L8C.O0L16GL8EL8G.L16FL8DL1C.&quot;;
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4.11.) Song k: Junge komm bald wieder:
// Junge komm bald wieder (song k):
code unsigned char
songk[]=&quot;T120O0L4DDL8C+L8DL4EL4D.OLL8HONO0L4EL4D.OLL8HONO0L2C.L4EEL8D+
L8EL4F+L4E.L8EL4GL4F+L4EL2D.L4GGGEL2CL4GF+L4EL2D.L4F+L4F+.L8EL4EL2DL4E
L4D.L8COLL2H.ONO0L4DDL8C+L8DL4EL4D.OLL8HONO0L4EL4D.OLL8HONO0L2C.L4E
EL8D+L8EL4F+L4E.L8EL4GF+L4AL2GP8L8DDDDDDDDDL4DP8L8DL8D+L8DDDDDL8D
+L8DL4DP8L8DL8EEEEEEL2GP8L8EL1DP8L8DL8EEEL4E.P8L8GGGF+L8GL1A.&quot;;
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4.12.) Song l: Lili Marleen:
// Lili Marleen (song l):
code unsigned char
songl[]=&quot;T120O0L4EL8E.L16FL4GL4EL8F.L16FL8F.O1L16CO0L2HL8D.L16DL8D.L16EL4FL
8F.L16GL8H.L16AL8G.L16FL4E.L8CL4AL8H.O1L16CO0L4HL4AL4AL4GL4H.L8AL4GL4FL
4A.L8GL4FEL4G.L8EL4G.L8FL4FO1L4DL2CP4O0L4EL4G.L8FL4FOLL4HONO0L2C.&quot;;
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4.13.) Another song: Lady Bird:
// Lady Bird:
&quot;T150ONO0L4F+P16F+P16F+.P8L16C+P16L8EP16E.P16L2EL8EP16L4C+P16C+P16C+.P16OLL8AP16
L4HP16G+P16L2EP4ONO0L4F+P16L8F+.P16L2F+P4L4EP16L8E.P16L2EP4L4C+P16L8C+.P16L4C+.O
LAP16L4HP16G+P16EP16L4EP16L8F+.P16L16F+P16L1F+P8L4G+P16G+P16G+P16L8G+.P16F+P16L1
F+&quot;;
Note:
Thanks to Maureen Sturgeon.
She wrote down the songstring above.
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Summary:
In this step-by-step book you have learned how to use the PWM Unit.
Have fun and enjoy working with microcontrollers with CCU6 modules!
Note:
There are step-by-step books for 8 bit microcontrollers (e.g. XC866, XC88x, and XC878), 16 bit
microcontrollers (e.g. C16x, XC16x, XE16x and XC2xxx) and 32 bit microcontrollers (e.g. TC1796
and TC1130).
All these step-by-step books use the same microcontroller resources and the same example code.
This means: configuration steps, function names and variable names are identical.
This should give you a good opportunity to get in contact with another Infineon microcontroller
family or tool-chain!
There are even more programming examples available using the same style [e.g. ADC-examples,
CAPCOM6-examples (e.g. BLDC-Motor), Simulator examples, C++ examples] based on these
step-by-step books.
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5.) Thanks To
Maria, Christian, Hermann and Maureen for their support.
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6.) Feedback (XE164 Playing Music, Keil tools, &micro;Vision4):
Your opinion, suggestions and/or criticisms
Contact Details (this section may remain blank should you wish to offer
feedback anonymously):
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
If you have any suggestions please send this sheet back to:
email: [email protected]
FAX: +43 (0) 4242 3020 5783
Your suggestions:
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Application Note
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http://www.infineon.com
Published by Infineon Technologies AG
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