Copyright © mikroElektronika, June 2013. All rights reserved.
TO OUR VALUED CUSTOMERS
I want to express my thanks to you for being interested in our products and for having confidence in MikroElektronika.
The primary aim of our company is to design and produce high quality electronic products and to constantly improve the performance thereof in order to better suit your needs.
The Atmel name, logo and products names are trademarks of Atmel in the U.S.A and other countries.
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Nebojsa Matic
General Manager
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to mikroPascal PRO for 8051 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04
2. Hardware Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 05
3. Creating a New Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
Step 1 - Project Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07
Step 2 - Memory Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Step 3 - Add files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Step 4 - Include Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Step 5 - Finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Blank new project created . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4. Code Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5. Building the Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6. What’s next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
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1. Introduction to mikroPascal PRO for 8051
mikroPascal PRO for 8051
organizes applications into projects consisting of a single project file (file with the
.mpp51
extension) and one or more source files
(files with the .mpas extension). The mikroPascal PRO for 8051 compiler allows you to manage several projects at a time.
Source files can be compiled only if they are part of the project.
A project file contains:
• Project name and optional description;
• Target device in use;
• Device clock;
• List of the project source files;
• Binary files (*.mcl); and
• Other files.
02
03
04
01
05
06
07
In this reference guide, we will create a new project, write code, compile it and test the results. The purpose of this project is to make microcontroller PORT0 LEDs blink, which will be easy to test.
01
Main Toolbar
02 Code Explorer
03
Project Settings
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04 Messages
05 Code Editor
06 Image Preview
08
07 Project Manger
08 Library Manager
2. Hardware Connection
Let’s make a simple “Hello world” example for the selected microcontroller. First thing embedded programmers usually write is a simple
LED blinking
program. So, let’s do that in a few simple lines of Pascal code.
U1
R1
LED blinking is just turning ON and OFF LEDs that are connected to desired PORT pins. In order to see the example in action, it is necessary to connect the target microcontroller according to schematics shown on Figure 2-1. In the project we are about to write, we will use only
PORT0
, so you should connect the LEDs to PORT0 only.
C1
X1
C2
R2
U2
C3
Figure 2-1:
Hardware connection schematics
VCC-MCU
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
P0.4
LD4
LED
P0.5
LD5
LED
P0.6
LD6
LED
P0.7
LD7
LED
R7
4K7
R8
4K7
LD0
LED
P0.0
LD1
LED
P0.1
P0.2
LD2
LED
P0.3
LD3
LED
R3
4K7
R4
4K7
R5
4K7
R6
4K7
Prior to creating a new project, it is necessary to do the following:
Step 1: Install the compiler
Install the mikroPascal PRO for 8051 compiler from the
Product
DVD
or download it from the MikroElektronika website:
http://www.mikroe.com/mikropascal/8051/
Step 2: Start up the compiler
Double click on the compiler icon in the Start menu, or on your desktop to Start up the mikroPascal PRO for 8051 compiler. The mikroPascal
PRO for 8051 IDE (Integrated Development Environment) will appear on the screen. Now you are ready to start creating a new project.
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3. Creating a New Project
The process of creating a new project is very simple. Select the
New Project
option from the
Project menu
as shown below.
The
New Project Wizard
window appears.
It can also be opened by clicking the
New
Project icon
from the
Project toolbar
.
The
New Project Wizard
(Figure 3-1) will guide you through the process of creating a new project. The introductory window of this application contains a list of actions to be performed when creating a new project.
01
Figure 3-1: Introductory window of the New Project Wizard
01
Click
Next
.
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Step 1 - Project Settings
First thing we have to do is to specify the general project information. This is done by selecting the target microcontroller, it’s operating clock frequency, and of course
- naming our project. This is an important step, because compiler will adjust the internal settings based on this information.
Default configuration is already suggested to us at the begining. We will not change the microcontroller, and we will leave the default
AT89S8253
as the choice for this project.
Figure 3-2: You can specify project name, path, device and clock in the first step
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Step 1 - Project Settings
If you do not want to use the suggested path for storing your new project, you can
change the destination folder
. In order to do that, follow a simple procedure:
01
Click the
Browse
button of the Project
Settings window to open the
Browse for Folder
dialog.
02
Select the desired folder to be the destination path for storing your new project files.
03 Click the
OK
button to confirm your selection and apply the new path.
02
03
Figure 3-3: Change the destination folder using Browse For Folder dialog
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01
Step 1 - Project Settings
Once we have selected the destination project folder, let’s do the rest of the project settings:
01
01
Enter the name of your project. Since we are going to blink some LEDs, it’s appropriate to call the project
“LedBlinking”
02
For this demonstration, we will use the default external crystal
10MHz clock
. Clock speed depends on your target hardware. However you configure your hardware, make sure to specify the exact clock (
Fosc
) that the microcontroller is operating at.
03 Click the
OK
button to proceed.
02
03
Figure 3-4: Enter project name and change device clock speed if necessary
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Step 2 - Memory model
The memory model determines which default memory type will be used for function arguments, automatic variables, and declarations that include no explicit memory type.
Since our project is very simple, we will choose the
Small memory model
. In this model, all variables, by default, reside in the internal data memory of the 8051 system. Variable access in this memory model is very efficient.
01 Select
Small
memory model.
02 Click
Next
.
01
02
Figure 3-5: Choose the memory model. “Small” is the best choice for our project.
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Step 3 - Add files
This step allows you to include additional files that you need in your project: some headers or source files that you already wrote, and that you might need in further development. Since we are building a simple application, we won’t be adding any files at this moment.
01 Click
Next
.
01
Figure 3-6: Add existing headers, sources or other files if necessary
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Step 4 - Include Libraries
Following step allows you to quickly set whether you want to include all libraries in your project, or not. Even if all libraries are included, they will not consume any memory unless they are explicitely used from within your code. The main advantage of including all libraries is that you will have over
250 functions
available for use in your code right away, and visible from
Code Assistant
[CTRL+Space]
. We will leave this in default configuration:
01 Make sure to leave
“Include All”
selected.
02
Click
Next.
01
02
Figure 3-7: Include all libraries in the project, which is a default configuration.
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Step 4 - Finishing
After all configuration is done, click “Finish” to complete the New Project wizard. You can still go back and change any settings if necessary.
01
Click
Finish
.
01
Figure 3-8: Finish the New project wizard, or go back and make some changes.
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Blank new project created
New project is finally created. A new source file called
“LedBlinking.mbas”
is created and it contains the
main:
function, which will hold the program. You may notice that project is configured according to the settings done in the
New Project Wizard
.
Figure 3-9: New blank project is created with your configuration
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4. Code Example
Time has come to do some coding. First thing we need to do is to put PORT0 LEDs into initial state. For example, let’s fill it with logic zeros on every pin:
// Turn OFF all LEDs on PORT0
P0 := 0;
Finally, in a
while
loop we will toggle the
PORT0 value, and put a 1000 ms delay, so the blinking is not too fast.
while TRUE do
begin
// Toggle LEDs on PORT0
P0 := not P0;
// Delay 1000 ms
Delay_ms(1000);
end;
LedBlinking.c - source code
13
14
15
16
9
10
11
12
17
18
7
8
5
6
3
4
1
2
program LedBlinking;
begin
// Turn OFF LEDs on PORT0
P0 := 0;
while TRUE do
begin
// Toggle LEDs on PORT0
P0 := not P0;
// Delay 1000 ms
Delay_ms(1000);
end;
// Endless loop
end.
Figure 4-1: Complete source code of the PORT0 LED blinking
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Figure 4-2: This is how the code looks written in compiler code editor window
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5. Building the Source
When we are done writing our first
LedBlinking code, we can now build the project and create a
.HEX
file which can be loaded into our target microcontroller, so we can test the program on real hardware. “Building” includes compilation, linking and optimization which are done automatically. Build your code by clicking on the icon in the main toolbar, or simply go to
Build menu
and click
Build [CTRL+F9]
. Message window will report the details of the building process (Figure 5-1). Compiler automatically creates necessary output files.
LedBlinking.hex
(Figure 5-2) is among them.
Figure 5-2: Listing of project files after building is done
Figure 5-1: After the successful compilation and linking, the message window should look something like this
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6. What’s next?
More examples
mikroPascal PRO for 8051 comes with over
90 examples
which demonstrate a variety of features. They represent the best starting point when developing a new project. You will find projects written for mikroElektronika development boards, additional boards, internal MCU modules and other examples. This gives you a head start in development, and you don’t have to do it all from scratch. In most cases, you can combine different simple projects to create a more complex one. For example, if you want to build a date, time and temperature semaphore on 7-segment display, you can combine RTC and temperature sensor examples with Seven
Segment Display example and do the job in much less time. All projects are delivered with a working .HEX files, so you don’t have to buy a compiler license in order to test them. You can load them into your development board right away without the need for building them.
Community
If you want to find answers to your questions on many interesting topics we invite you to visit our forum at
http://www.mikroe.com/forum/
and browse through more than 200 thousand posts. You are likely to find just the right information for you.
On the other hand, if you want to download more free projects and libraries, or share your own code, please visit the
Libstock
website
http://www.libstock.com/
. With user profiles, you can get to know other programmers, and subscribe to receive notifications on their code.
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Figure 6-1: Project explorer window enables you to easily access provided examples and load them quickly
DISCLAIMER
All the products owned by MikroElektronika are protected by copyright law and international copyright treaty. Therefore, this manual is to be treated as any other copyright material. No part of this manual, including product and software described herein, may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, translated or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of MikroElektronika. The manual PDF edition can be printed for private or local use, but not for distribution. Any modification of this manual is prohibited.
MikroElektronika provides this manual ‘as is’ without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties or conditions of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
MikroElektronika shall assume no responsibility or liability for any errors, omissions and inaccuracies that may appear in this manual. In no event shall
MikroElektronika, its directors, officers, employees or distributors be liable for any indirect, specific, incidental or consequential damages (including damages for loss of business profits and business information, business interruption or any other pecuniary loss) arising out of the use of this manual or product, even if
MikroElektronika has been advised of the possibility of such damages. MikroElektronika reserves the right to change information contained in this manual at any time without prior notice, if necessary.
HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES
The products of MikroElektronika are not fault – tolerant nor designed, manufactured or intended for use or resale as on – line control equipment in hazardous environments requiring fail – safe performance, such as in the operation of nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation or communication systems, air traffic control, direct life support machines or weapons systems in which the failure of Software could lead directly to death, personal injury or severe physical or environmental damage (‘High Risk Activities’). MikroElektronika and its suppliers specifically disclaim any expressed or implied warranty of fitness for High
Risk Activities.
TRADEMARKS
The MikroElektronika name and logo, the MikroElektronika logo, mikroC
™
, mikroBasic
™
, mikroPascal
™
, mikroProg
™
, Easy8051
™
, mikroBUS
™
, Click Boards
™
, and mikromedia
™
are trademarks of MikroElektronika. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies.
All other product and corporate names appearing in this manual may or may not be registered trademarks or copyrights of their respective companies, and are only used for identification or explanation and to the owners’ benefit, with no intent to infringe.
Copyright © MikroElektronika, 2013, All Rights Reserved.
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If you want to learn more about our products, please visit our website at www.mikroe.com. If you are experiencing some problems with any of our products or just need additional information, please place your ticket at www.mikroe.com/support/ If you have any questions, comments or business proposals, do not hesitate to contact us at [email protected]
Designed by
MikroElektronika,
June 2013.
Creating the first project in mikroPascal for 8051 ver. 1.00
