Atari 800 Program-Text Editor User Manual

 Aa
о PROGRAM-TEXT EDITOR"
| Use With
ATARI 800""
- HOME COMPUTER
ATARI
PROGRAM-TEXT EDITOR
М.
ATARI
À Warner Communications Company
Every effort has been made to ensure that this manual accurately documents this product of the ATARI Computer Division. However,
because of the ongoing improvement and update of the computer software and hardware, ATARI, INC. cannot guarantee the accuracy of
printed material after the date of publication and cannot accept responsibility for errors or omissions.
Reproduction is forbidden without the specific written permission of ATARI, INC., Sunnyvale, CA 94086. No right to reproduce this docu-
ment, nor the subject matter thereof, is granted unless by written agreement with, or written permission from the Corporation.
PRINTED IN U.S.A. MANUAL AND PROGRAM CONTENTS © 1981 ATARI, INC.
PREFACE
Your Program-Text Editor is a versatile tool. You can use it to edit source programs
written in various programming languages. The addition of a printer and a pertinent
software package to your system will make the editor an effective word processor.
Introductory sections of this manual supply simple instructions for diskette opera-
tions as well as rudimentary editing functions. Advanced and specialized editing
techniques are treated factually. The error messages displayed on the back cover
and the enclosed reference card provide quick and easy fingertip access to infor-
mation.
Preface v
CONTENTS
PREFACE V
1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 1
Setup Procedures 1
Turning On the System 1
Turning Off the System 2
2 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES FOR THE EDITOR 3
Theory of Operation 6
Starting the Edit Session 8
Familiarity With the Keyboard 9
Command Mode Operation 16
Exiting the Editor 17
Cursor Movement Commands 18
Search Commands 19
Block Commands 21
Inserting and Deleting Commands 23
Specialized Commands 25
Large File Commands 26
3 CUSTOMIZING THE EDITOR 31
A-D—Parameters 32
E—Set Tab Stops 32
F—Set Maximum Line Length 33
G—Set Minimum Growth 33
H—Set Default Margins 33
I—Set Color of Screen 33
J—Set Miscellaneous Flags 34
A —Return to Main Menu 34
B —Set Type of Tab 34
C—Set Tab Display Method 35
D—Set Carriage Return Display 35
E —Auto-Indention Feature 35
F —Set Shifting Caselock 35
Contents vii
ILLUSTRATIONS
1 DOS || Menu 3
2 Filename Prompt 4
3 Normal Exit From the Editor 7
4 Abort Exit From the Editor 7
5 Illustration of Expanding Tabs 8
6 Answering the Filename Prompt 8
7 Windows 9
8 Example of Entered Text 10
9 Escape Sequence Characters 13
10 Extension Group Prompt 31
11 Customizing File Menu 32
12 Customizing File Submenu | 34
TABLES
1 Immediate Mode Reserved Keystrokes 27
2 Command Mode Instructions 28
3 The ATARI Colors and Numbers 33
viii Contents
1
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
The ATARI9 Program-Text Editor“ (Model No. CX8121) requires:
* ATARI 810' Disk Drive
* ATARI Blank Diskette (CX8100)
For information on your disk drive, refer to the ATAR! 810 Disk Drive Operators
Manual. Check the drive code setting to make certain that you have a disk drive
designated as Drive 1. Because the Disk Operating System (DOS) Il programs are
included on the diskette containing the Program-Text Editor, you can easily load
the editor software by inserting your diskette in Drive 1. Otherwise, you must have
a copy of the DOS II Master Diskette, Model No. CX8101, inserted into Drive 1.
You must have at least 24K RAM in your ATARI Home Computer to operate the
disk drive and the editor software. Although the software requires 24K memory, a
total memory capacity of 32K is highly recommended and will result in increased
program efficiency. For instructions on inserting additional ATARI RAM Memory
O Modules™ into the ATARI 800™ Computer, refer to the ATARI 800 Operators
Manual.
SETUP 1. Verify that all power switches (console and disk drive) are turned to OFF.
PROCEDURES
2. Check that the computer console is properly connected to the television set
and a standard w.il outlet.
3. Place the disk drive at least 12 inches away from your television set and plug it
into a standard wall outlet.
4. Connect the disk drive to either the computer console or another ATARI
peripheral. Plug one end of the 1/O Data Cord into the jack labeled 1/0 CON-
NECTORS on the back of the disk drive. Plug the other end into either the
jack labeled PERIPHERAL on the computer console or one of the 1/0 CON-
NECTOR ports of another ATARI peripheral. If you connect your disk drive to
another ATARI peripheral, verify that there is an 1/O Data Cord plugged into
the computer console.
TURNING ON When you are ready to use the computer, proceed as follows:
THE SYSTEM
1. Turn on the television set. Tune to Channel 2 or Channel 3, whichever has a
weaker signal in your area. Make certain that the 2-CHAN.-3 switch on the
computer console corresponds to your channel selection.
System Requirements 1
TURNING OFF
THE SYSTEM
2 System Requirements
2. Turn on the disk drive. Notice that the BUSY and PWR ON light indicators are
activated. Wait until the motor of the disk drive stops its activity and the BUSY
light goes out before continuing to the next step.
3. Insert the diskette containing the Program-Text Editor into the disk drive
designated as Drive 1.
Note: DO NOT TOUCH THE EXPOSED PORTION OF THE DISKETTE,
4. Turn the computer console power switch to ON. This will activate the disk
drive's loading procedure.
Note: OPTIONAL. To increase the RAM buffer size on a 48K system, before turning
on your computer, remove any language cartridge that might be installed.
Take note of the following conditions to determine if you have successfully com-
pleted the power-on procedure. If you have a language cartridge inserted into the
computer console, the screen displays the prompt applicable to that particular
language. For example, the ATARI BASIC language prompt is the READY message;
the ASSEMBLER EDITOR language prompt is the EDIT message. Otherwise, the
DOS Menu should appear immediately upon the screen.
Warning: NEVER turn off the disk drive with a diskette in it. You may damage the
information contained on the diskette and lose the ability to load your program.
When you are ready to end your editing session:
1. Use the exit command appropriate for your editing session.
2. Wait for the DOS И Menu display or the filename prompt to appear on the
screen.
3. Remove the diskette from the disk drive and return it to the protective sleeve
that was provided with the software.
4. You may turn off the television set, the computer, or the disk drive in any
order.
2
OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
FOR THE EDITOR
You must load the editor through the DOS M If the DOS Menu is not already
displayed on your screen, type DOS and press |. Refer to Figure 1. (The DOS
Il Reference Manual contains complete instructions for using the DOS II Menu op-
tions.)
E alas
AA din te ES
UNE TS
= = 2 =
OR ET TURNA e
Figure 1 DOS Il Menu
Because the editor program is included on a diskette that has been factory write-
protected for software safety, you must prepare a diskette for your text files. For
identification purposes, we refer to this diskette as a “data” diskette. With the DOS
Menu displayed on the screen, remove the diskette containing the Program-Text
Editor software. Refer to the DOS !! Reference Manual. Format a blank diskette,
then write new DOS files to it. Remove this diskette and reinsert the editor program
— diskette.
Select the L-BINARY LOAD command. Answer the prompt, LOAD FROM WHAT
FILE, with the name of the Program-Text Editor software, MEDIT. The program will
automatically run after being loaded. Refer to Figure 2. Insert your data diskette in-
to the disk drive at this time.
Caution: You may not change your data diskette once the editing session is started.
Because the editor has built-in memory checks and free space allocation computa-
tions, a memory map of the diskette inserted at the time the editor performs its
check is always retained. Therefore, even though the editor's workspace resides in
RAM, the block-write command can result in an overwrite situation on any but the
original diskette.
Operational Procedures
for the Editor 3
Operational Procedures
4 for the Editor
Note: Because the editor performs a free IOCB (Input/Output Control Block)
check, you may receive the error message EDITOR CANNOT RUN - NO FREE
IOCBs. PRESS to return to DOS. Refer to the ATAR! Operating System
Manual (part number CO16555) for complete information on IOCBs and to the er-
ror messages on the back cover for an explanation of this condition.
Figure 2 Filename Prompt
Your Program-Text Editor is now ready to bring the file that you wish to edit into its
workspace. At this point, there are several options available:
® Press the key to end the edit session and return control to DOS.
e Enter the filename of the program that you wish to edit.
* Create a new file under the editor by naming a file that does not exist. The
editor will automatically create an empty file using the specified name.
The correct syntax for an acceptable filename is in the form:
Dn:filename.extension,optional parameters separated by commas.
Example: D4:MYFILE.MAC,3,.ASM,D
The drive number n designation corresponds to the disk drive that contains your
source program and must be between the numeric characters of one and eight.
You may use a filename of from one to eight characters, either alpha characters A
through Z or numeric characters O through 9.
Note: For a filename specification, an alpha character must be in the first character
position. This rule does not apply to filename extensions.
Your optional extension may be from one to three characters long, using either
alpha or numeric, characters.
Remember the following specifications when answering the filename prompt.
® If no device is specified, the editor automatically assumes the use of the disk
drive designated as Drive 1.
* Lowercase file specifications automatically convert to the correct uppercase
syntax.
e If the file, its associated backup file, or its temporary file is locked (see the
“Theory of Operation” section for further explanation), the editor displays
the error message FILE LOCKED and reissues the filename prompt. Unlock
any of these files through use of the DOS Menu. Refer to the ATARI DOS ||
Reference Manual.
Optional parameters may be entered in any order after the file specification:
‚n OVERRIDE DESTINATION DRIVE. Unless otherwise specified, the default
destination drive is the one on which the source file is located. You may move
the destination file from the default drive by using this parameter. The value n is
a numeric digit corresponding to the number of the destination disk drive.
Example: MYFILE,2
When you have more than one disk drive, use this optional parameter to edit
large files or x /hen there is not enough free space on the source diskette to allow
you to save the edited file.
,D DELETE BACKUP FILE FLAG. If a backup file exists, this parameter tells the
editor to erase it before beginning the editing session. Use of this parameter
allocates free space at the cost of backup file protection.
Example: MYFILE,D
Note: If the source and destination drive are not the same, the editor
automatically deletes a file with the same name on the destination drive.
, ext OVERRIDE CUSTOMIZING FILE. Use of this parameter causes the editor
to use the customizing file associated with the designated extension file. Unless
this parameter is assigned, the editor defaults to use of the extension associated
with the file specification being edited.
Example: MYFILE,.PAS
MYFILE,.ASM
MYFILE,.BAS
Operational Procedures
for the Editor 5
THEORY OF
OPERATION
Operational Procedures
6 for the Editor
Following are additional examples of valid filename prompt responses.
MY FILE
MYFILE.PAS
D3:MYFILE
D3:MYFILE,2
MYFILE.PAS,D,4
D2:MYFILE,.PAS,D,3
MYFILE,.ASM
d2:myfile,.pas, d,3
[)4:MYFILE. BAS,3,.PAS,D
After receiving the filename specification, your Program-Text Editor checks the free
space on the destination diskette and makes a comparison with the size of the file
to edit. À minimum growth factor, considering the expansion of file storage capaci-
ty requirements because of additions or modifications, of g units is ascertained.
(See the “Customizing the Editor” section.) if there is not enough room on the
diskette for the edit file and the growth factor, the editor displays a warning
message. You may choose to ignore the warning and continue with the editing ses-
sion. Or you may abort the edit, exit from the editor, and return to the DOS Menu.
If the editor determines that there is enough room on the diskette for the edit file
and growth factor, the edit session begins.
Caution: If you ignore the warning message, be sure that you have as much free
space as the size of your existing file plus room for any additions you will make dur-
ing the editing session. If your calculations are not correct and you run out of free
space on the diskette, you may lose all work completed in the current editing ses-
sion.
Note: A minimum growth factor of g units is determined from the customizing file.
If default factors are used, the minimum growth factor is 100 sectors of free space.
For efficiency and optimum protection, the Program-Text Editor uses a common
two-file editing method. During the editing session, the original file remains intact
while all modifications are made to a copy of the file. Therefore, this procedure
allows for:
e Automatic backup copies of files to be edited
e Modification of the original file only after the editing session is terminated
with a normal exit from the editor
e Use of sequential file access
A procedural outline of the two-file method is:
e Text is copied from the file to be edited into a memory buffer.
e When the buffer becomes full, data transfers to a temporary file.
Normal exit (Figure 3) from the editor causes the following sequence:
* The .BAK file is deleted.
* The edited file is renamed as the new .BAK file.
® The temporary file is renamed as the edited file.
BEFORE
EXIT FILE . BAK FILE FILE . TMP
\
AFTER
EXIT FILE . BAK FILE
Figure 3 Normal Exit From the Editor
An abort exit (Figure 4) from the editor causes the following sequence:
* The temporary file is deleted.
* The original edited file and the .BAK file retain their integrity.
BEFORE
EXIT FILE. BAK FILE FILE. TMP
Y
AFTER FILE. BAK FILE
EXIT
Figure 4 Abort Exit From the Editor
Your Program-Text Editor uses two modes of operation: immediate and command.
Immediate mode operation is keyboard interactive. Command mode operation
defers to a later time execution. All three windows and both operation modes are
discussed at length in subsequent sections of this manual.
The Program-Text Editor is defined as a source file editor. A source file is a disk file
consisting of ATASCII characters terminated by ATASCII EOLs (End-of-Line).
Therefore, the editor functions with files containing the source code written for
ATARI Computer programming languages. A line length default value of 114
columns can ‘be changed to a maximum length of 200 columns by using the
customizing file feature (see section titled “Customizing the Editor’)
Operational Procedures
for the Editor 7
Two types of tabs are allowed: (1) regular tabulation as provided by the operating
system in which blanks are substituted between tab stops or (2) expanding tabs. Ex-
panding tabs only take one character in the file but are displayed as many columns
of blanks. Set the type of tab by using the customizing file.
LINE OF TEXT-35 CHARACTERS
LINE OF TEXT
LINE OF TEXT
5 character displacement = 5 bytes of memory
using default value of 5, inserting blanks like the operating system
LINE OF TEXT-35 CHARACTERS
P....LINE OF TEXT
Paca : LINE OF TEXT
| лан”
5 character displacement = 1 byte of memory
using expanding tabs
Figure 5 Illustration of Expanding Tabs
If you attempt to edit a file that does not meet source file definitions and customiz-
ing column limits, the editor truncates the lines in the file to conform to the set line
length limits. Given this situation, the editor generates the LINE TOO LONG error
message while reading the file either during initial entry to the editor or as an input
command.
STARTING THE Answer the filename prompt. For the purposes of demonstration, enter the
EDIT SESSION filename PRACTICE. Refer to Figure 6.
Le
| E o Ue
o ta
E
:
+:
Но Le NU
a ann о
7
о
Tun
5
Figure 6 Answering the Filename Prompt
Operational Procedures
8 for the Editor
Notice the three windows displayed on the screen:
TEXT WINDOW Appears at the top of the screen and consists of 20
lines.
ERROR WINDOW Appears in inverse video and consists of a single line.
COMMAND WINDOW Appears at the bottom of the screen and consists of
three lines.
Figure 7 Windows
FAMILIARITY A summary of the immediate keystroke commands appears at the end of this
WITH section.
THE KEYBOARD
% , @ CLEAR Li DELETE SYSTEM
5 7 8 < > TT RESET
+
à A
SELECT
L J ?
Vv Л START
=
„0
, 0
From the keyboard shown above, locate the following specific keys: | 8
Note that there are keys indicating directional arrows as well
as arithmetic operators. Some keys serve a dual purpose, for example, the
Emenee As the operation of the key on the computer keyboard is the
same as the shift key of a typewriter, its use will select the function that appears on
the top of the key.
Operational Procedures
for the Editor 9
Enter the following text onto your screen:
AND HERE WE SEE THE INVISIBLE BOY |
IN HIS LOVELY INVISIBLE HOUSE, -
FEEDING A PIECE OF INVISIBLE CHEESE
TO HIS LITTLE INVISIBLE MOUSE. | © …
: nn
spp eme
se Fast
ue
E
SH
Hi
ten
Lid
ma
us
su
а 8
o |
я
E
5
i . о
ЕН
|
= i
ue.
|
uy
i
uu
Le
_
o
=
НН
ÈS
о
Figure 8 Example of Entered Text
After entering the lines, notice the following: every time you press the“ key,
an y appears on the screen. This figure indicates the carriage return action. Also,
pay particular attention to the movement of the cursor. During execution of the
keystroke entry, the cursor position indicates character placement by appearing
immediately in front of the next entry. After any keystroke, the text window is up-
dated to reflect the current state of the file, and the cursor moves accord-
ingly. Look again at the above screen diagram and note the cursor positioning.
Using the table below, manipulate the cursor within your displayed text.
Keystroke Explanation
Moves cursor left
Moves cursor right
Moves cursor down one physical line
Moves cursor up one physical line
Moves cursor to beginning of logical line
Moves cursor to end of logical line
After you feel thoroughly acquainted with the movement produced by striking
these keys, follow the procedure outlined below:
Position the cursor on the “A” of the first word in the first line of your text. Use the
< keystroke. Now use the. * keystroke. Note that both of these opera-
tions result in the warning message CURSOR AT END. The same error message will
be displayed if you use a= — if the cursor is in the far right position at the end of
text.
Operational Procedures
10 for the Editor
Note: When the cursor moves up and down a slight glitter of the screen may occur.
Also, on occasion, you may notice the appearance of an additional line below the
command window. These are normal operating conditions.
Notice that these cursor-movement keystrokes position the cursor but do not affect
the entered text. Within the immediate mode operation, there are essentially two
types of keystrokes: those that directly relate to cursor positioning and those that
execute a change to the text itself. You must position the cursor at a precise point
using the above key combinations. Refer to the table below for those keystrokes
that will immediately edit entered text.
Keystroke Explanation
Inserts a blank line above the current logical line
Deletes character left of cursor
Deletes character right of cursor
Deletes the logical line occupied by cursor
Insert character into text
y
Within the framework of this software and as a matter of convention, this manual
introduces the terms logical line and physical line. A logical line contains those
characters entered between carriage returns. A physical line encompasses those
characters contained in a straight line from the extreme left side to the extreme
right side position of your television screen. A logical line can be one or more
physical lines.
Return to your screen. You must use your cursor control keys to move your cursor
during an edit session. Position the cursor so that it is over the “v” in the word “in-
visible.” Use the key twice. (Do not press . Pressing the
key at any time will introduce a carriage return figure, 4 into your text.)
Take note of several unique conditions that might arise from operation of the
and keys.
If the cursor is to the right of a carriage return, use either the
the < key to reposition the cursor. However, when the cursor is to the im-
mediate right of a carriage return, use of the key deletes the carriage
return itself. Similarly, if the cursor is to the left of a carriage return, use of the
key repositions the cursor exactly as use of the
However, when the cursor is to the immediate left of a carriage return, use of the
key removes the carriage return itself. Concatenation follows
the carriage return deletion. If the maximum line length is exceeded, the editor:
e Restores the deleted carriage return
Aborts the command line
Displays the error message LINE TOO LONG
¢ Returns to immediate mode operation
Operational Procedures
for the Editor 11
Operational Procedures
12 for the Editor
Other specific conditions that result when the cursor is positioned:
Within an expanding tab Use of either keystroke deletes the en-
tire tab.
At the beginning of the buffer Use of the key results in
no operation and generates the error
CURSOR AT END.
Above the text window Use of the 7% key causes an
that pulls down the
previous line.
At the end of the buffer Use of the : key
results in no operation and generates
the error CURSOR AT END.
Note: Attempted deletion of the last carriage return in the buffer is illegal and
results in the CURSOR AT END error message. Use a delete line operation to suc-
cessfully remove this last carriage return.
Follow the same procedure to acquaint yourself with the use of the other
keystrokes outlined in the table. Use cursor control keystrokes to position the cur-
sor. Select the appropriate key to accomplish the desired change. Use cursor con-
trol keystrokes to remove the cursor from the logical line.
On the ATARI Computer keyboard, locate the £5 key. Use this key in conjunc-
tion with control graphics keys to print specific graphics characters. Refer to Figure
9 for keystroke combinations to produce a chosen graphics display.
key
and then press:
Press the ©" key
and then press the
a key simultaneously
Press the key
and then press the
key simultaneously
with:
DELETE
BACK S
2]
=
+ ре]
wn
m
pa
CLEAR
DELETE
BACK S
=.
FAN at , 8 ‚ © ‚ ©
и” > — |
DELETE
BACK S
INSERT
to get E
Ll
La
to get E
+
3
4]
LH]
[5]
to get [+]
Ez
Figure 9 Escape Sequence Characters
Operational Procedures
for the Editor 13
Operational Procedures
14 for the Editor
If the cursor is within an expanding tab or to the right of a carriage return when a
character is inserted into text, the editor automatically repositions the tab or car-
riage return to the right of the cursor.
Additional cursor movement keystrokes:
Keystroke Explanation
8 Displays previous screen
9 Displays next screen
Use the keystrokes above to respectively display either 20 physical lines above or
below the text window. Additional reserved keystrokes include:
Keystroke Explanation
Tabs to next tab stop
Returns and auto-indents to same level
Toggles visible-tab mode
Toggles visible-carriage return mode
ey to position the cursor. Space tabs insert a selected number
of blanks between tab stops, and the cursor positions itself accordingly. Expanding
tabs, however, insert a character into the text that indicates the tab function. By us-
ing the customizing file, you can display the expanding tab character as either
blanks or a right triangle followed by periods. Set your default choice within the
parameters of the customizing file. If you have chosen the expanding tab option,
use the immediate mode keystroke command to display the
alternate character choice.
Carriage returns can be displayed as blanks or down-arrows. Default choice is set
within the parameters of the customizing file. Use the & A A immediate
mode keystroke to display the alternate character cho
Auto-indention allows you to reposition the cursor to return to an automatic tab
stop on the next logical line. Press the | and eys simultaneously. The
indention of the logical line containing the cursor determines the position of the
automatic tab.
Keystroke Command
Erases the error window
Executes command window
Selects the alternate command line
Changes mode
Aborts command being executed
Error messages displayed within the error window are cleared in three ways:
o Pressing the #14 keys will clear the error.
!f a syntax error occurs, the window clears when the command is corrected.
e After four seconds of elapsed time, the error window automatically clears
with any keystroke entry.
key to change operation modes. In immediate mode operation, use
nters command mode. Switching these operation modes automatically
clears the current command window. To avoid this erasure, use the |
combination keystroke. The current command line remains intact, and the cursor
positions itself at the end of the command line.
Within the command mode, all keystrokes enter text into the command window.
All immediate and reserved keystrokes, with the exception o can
still be executed. Use of the key deletes the last character typed into
the command window. Pressing twice while in command mode deletes the
entire command line.
During execution of the command window, the editor is in command mode.
Notice that the cursor remains in the command window while the command is be-
ing executed. After successful completion of the command execution, the cursor
disappears from the command window and the editor returns to immediate mode
operation. Use the key to rotate displays of the command line and any
alternate entry. Touch the A key during execution of the command line to
discontinue processing. As soon as the current command execution is completed,
a BREAK KEY ABORT message appears in the error window, and the editor returns
to immediate mode operation. Touching at any other time has no effect.
In command mode, the use of returns control to immediate mode. The
command line remains in the command window for later execution. Use the
key to execute commands within the command window. A NOT COMPLETE error
message results when a command contains a syntax error. The editor remains in
command mode so that correction can be made. Executing a blank command or
an empty display window returns control to immediate mode.
Operational Procedures
for the Editor 15
COMMAND
MODE
OPERATION
Operational Procedures
16 for the Editor
The command window accepts and displays all keystroke entries made in com-
mand mode operation. With the exception of the i key, all immediate
reserved keystrokes function identically within either operation mode. The com-
mand window is three physical lines long and allows a single command line that is
made up of one or more commands. You may enter spaces between commands
for better readability, and use either upper- or lowercase. Within the command
window, a carriage return is displayed as the inverse i. escape sequence
character. A mini-interpreter checks each keystroke for valid syntax. The following
syntax error messages may be displayed:
® UNRECOGNIZED COMMAND
e DELIMITER ERROR
* NUMBER TOO BIG
If a syntax error occurs, the editor ignores all keystrokes until you delete the offend-
ing character from the command window. Manipulation of the command window
is as follows:
AT key returns the editor to immediate mode operation.
“TEN key pressed twice erases the entire command window.
NE
1 key deletes the last character entered into the command win-
e Ea
EN key executes the command line if the syntax is correct and complete.
e aus Tom
ET key swaps the command line displayed in the command window with
an alternate command line.
After execution of the command line, the editor returns to immediate mode opera-
tion. The command line is not erased and may be reexecuted by pressing :
EXITING THE EDITOR
Depending upon your desired end result, choose one of the following options to
exit from the editor:
Command Explanation
EXIT Use this command to exit from the
editor and return to DOS. All changes
made during the edit session are re-
tained.
EXIT2 Use this command to exit from and
restart the editor. In effect, this com-
mand duplicates the action of EXIT
followed by the DOS “1” (load) com-
mand, and you will receive the editor
sign-on filename prompt.
ABORT Use this command to exit from the
editor without incorporating any
changes made during the edit session
and return control to DOS.
ABORT2 Use this command to exit without in-
corporating any changes made during
the edit session and restart the editor.
In effect, this command duplicates the
action of ABORT and DOS “1” (load)
commands. You will receive the editor
sign-on filename prompt.
REOPEN Use this command to exit from the
editor and automatically reenter the
same file. In effect, this command
duplicates the action of EXIT2 and
answering the filename prompt with the
specification of the file you are editing.
See “Specialized Commands” within
this section for specific details.
Note: The editor accepts the exiting commands in the form EXITn and ABORTn as
valid syntax. However, at execution time, the error message NUMBER TOO BIG is
generated if n is greater than 2.
Operational Procedures
for the Editor 17
Operational Procedures
18 for the Editor
CURSOR MOVEMENT COMMANDS
You may manipulate the cursor through command mode operation. This method
lets you quickly move the cursor to where you want it. To use the following table
effectively, you must be familiar with two terms: buffer and file. In this particular
software application, text is copied from the file to be edited into a memory buffer
where modification is achieved. When the memory buffer becomes full, it is writ-
ten to a temporary file. This process is repeated continuously until all text has been
copied from the edited file into a temporary file. As you can determine, the con-
tents of the edited file and the memory buffer can differ.
Note: Take care in planning your editing session. You cannot easily edit the portion
of the file that has been written out of the buffer. Make your modifications from the
beginning to the end of the file. To edit a part of the file that has already been writ-
ten out of the buffer, use the REOPEN command (see “Specialized Commands”
contained within this section) or reenter the editor. Both of these methods require
lengthy disk access.
Command Explanation
Cln Moves cursor left n characters
CRn Moves cursor right n characters
CUn Moves cursor up n logical lines
CDn Moves cursor down n logical lines
CBB Moves cursor to beginning of buffer
CEB Moves cursor to end of buffer
CBF Moves cursor to beginning of file
CEF Moves cursor to end of file
CBL Moves cursor to beginning of the logical
line
CEL Moves cursor to end of the logical line
CCn Moves cursor to column n (range 1-200)
Note: The notation n signifies an optional numeric argument, which usually acts as
a repeat counter, with a range of 1-65535. With the exception of margin values, if n
is omitted, the editor assumes a value of 1.
The error message CURSOR AT END is generated each time you attempt to posi-
tion the cursor:
Left, before the beginning of the buffer
Right, past the end of the buffer
Up, before the beginning of the buffer
* Down, past the end of the buffer
Note: Each time the editor generates this error message, it aborts the command line
and enters immediate mode operation.
Use the cursor control movements to position the cursor at strategic locations to
implement the more sophisticated commands available in the editor.
SEARCH COMMANDS
In the following commands, delimiters must be used to separate the string from the
search command notation. You may either use the slash mark, /, or a set of quota-
tion marks as delimiter characters. As an example, the SB/-/n command explained
below can also be entered as SB”-n. You can use “wild cards” as a substitution
for characters in a search string. The editor recognizes the inverse video question
mark (?) as a wild card that will match any character while searching. (To display
any inverse video characters from the ATARI 800 keyboard, use the #2 key.)
Command Explanation
SB/-/n Search for nth occurrence of string in
buffer
SF/-/n Search for nth occurrence of string in
file
SRB/-/~/n Search and replace n times in buffer
SRF/-/-/n Search and replace n times in file
SRVB/-/-/n Search and replace with verify n times
in buffer
SRVF/-/-/n Search and replace with verify n times
in file
Note: The notation n signifies an optional numeric argument, which usually acts as
a repeat counter, with a range of 1-65535. With the exception of margin values, if n
is omitted, the editor assumes a value of 1.
In general, all string searches begin after the current cursor location. In successful
file and buffer searches, the cursor is positioned after the nth occurrence of the
string. The logical line containing the cursor is displayed as the first line of the text
window.
In unsuccessful buffer searches, the editor:
® Retains the cursor in its original position
* (Generates a SEARCH FAILED error message
Aborts the command line
¢ Returns to immediate mode operation
In unsuccessful file searches, the editor repeatedly writes out the current buffer and
reads a new buffer. If the end-of-file is reached before finding the nth occurrence of
the string, the search fails. Then, the editor:
e Retains'the cursor in its original position if the last line in the file was already
in the buffer before the search began or
e Positions the cursor to the beginning of the last buffer read if new lines were
introduced from the file to the buffer area
® Follows the same procedure outlined above for unsuccessful buffer searches
Operational Procedures
for the Editor 19
Operational Procedures
20 for the Editor
In general, the search and replace commands, perform a search for the first string
and replace it with the designated second string for the specified n times. The
replacement string may be null or have a different amount of characters than the
search string. Care should be taken to avoid the following conditions resulting in
error messages. As with all error conditions, the editor aborts the command line
and returns to immediate mode operation.
LINE TOO LONG
LINE TOO LONG
CURSOR AT END
Could result if the insertion of a large
replacement string into a text line ex-
ceeds the maximum line length.
Result of Operation: Only the first part
of the replacement string would be in-
serted into the text.
Could result if the search string contains
carriage returns. When a carriage return
is deleted and the lines are con-
catenated, the resulting new line could
exceed the maximum line length.
Result of Operation: The cursor is
located to the right of a partial search
string and that logical line is displayed
as the first line of the text window.
Could result if the search string ter-
minates with a carriage return and is
found on the last line of the buffer.
Because the editor does not allow the
last carriage return in the buffer to be
deleted (except with a delete-line com-
mand), this search results in the given
error message.
Result of Operation: The editor will find
the string but abort the command line,
resulting in no replacement.
In unsuccessful buffer searches, the editor:
® Retains the cursor in its original position if no replacement has been made or
® Positions the cursor after the last successful replacement and
- generates a SEARCH FAILED error message
- aborts the command line
- returns to immediate mode operation
In unsuccessful file searches, the editor repeatedly writes out the current buffer and
reads in a new one. If the end-of-file is found before the nth occurrence of the
search string, the command fails. Then, the editor follows the same procedure as
outlined above for unsuccessful buffer searches.
Search and replace with verify commands for buffer and file use the same pro-
cedure as those respective commands without verification. Additionally:
* Before each replacement, the editor moves the cursor after the found search
string and displays that logical line as the first line of the text window.
e A prompt question appears in the error window
R —Signifies replacement of the search string
S Signals a “skip” of this occurrence
О Terminates or prematurely “quits” the search and replace command.
You may type your response in upper- or lowercase letters. If the response is valid,
the editor clears the error window and completes the operation. If the response is
invalid, your typed character is displayed; the cursor appears in the error window
with a question mark.
BLOCK COMMANDS
You can manipulate a section of text lines by placing them within a defined block.
To do this, you must precede and follow the designated text with a block marker
that flags the attention of the editor and signals the beginning and end of the block.
In the case of having more than two markers, the block is defined to be the group
of text between the first encountered set of markers within the buffer.
Note: Do not use a line within your file that matches the block marker text designa-
tion.
Block markers are:
* A special text line displayed as follows
*¥¥¥ BLOCK MARKER 3x BY
that must be the Only text on the line itself
* Converted to a regular text line in the file by adding, deleting, or changing
Characters within the marker
* Automatically deleted from any text written out of the buffer
Although block commands offer timely execution of lengthy procedures, consider
the limitations imposed upon their function by the system, itself. For example, error
conditions can result if you attempt to move blocked text from the top of memory
through insufficient available RAM. Also, exercise caution when you assign a
filename specification within the parameters of a block-read or block-write opera-
tion so that you do not attempt to read or write to an already open file. Remember
that the .BAK and .TMP file extensions are reserved for internal use by the editor.
Also, if you wish to specify a drive number within a block-read or block-write
operation, use the drive number Dn designation within your filename string.
Operational Procedures
for the Editor 21
Command
MS
MC
Marker Set
Marker Clear
Explanation
Marker Set Inserts a block-marker text
line Before the logical line containing
the cursor
Marker Clear Removes all block-marker
text lines and repositions the cursor to
the beginning of the buffer
After setting the block markers, use the following commands to perform your in-
tended operation.
Command
BC
BM
BD
BP
BW/-/
BR/-/
In general, the use of these commands:
Block Copy
Block Move
Block Delete
Block Print
Block Write
Block Read
Explanation
Copies the marked text before the line
on which the cursor is positioned. The
block markers are not copied with the
text.
Moves a marked block of text before
the logical line containing the cursor.
The block markers are also moved.
Deletes a marked block of text. The
block markers are also deleted.
Prints the marked block on the system
printer (P:). Expanding tabs and carriage
returns are displayed as blanks.
Writes the marked block to a disk file
named within the delimiters. The block
markers are not written to the file.
Reads the disk file named within the
delimiters and inserts that block before
the logical line containing the cursor.
Automatic paging will occur to read in
the entire file if memory becomes full.
e Positions the cursor at the beginning of the current line.
e Scrolls the screen until the cursor is on the first line of the text window.
Error messages that could be generated from an attempt of the above commands
are.
MEMORY FULL
Operational Procedures
22 for the Editor
Results if there is not enough free
memory to hold the entire block on a
move or copy command.
I/O ERROR nnn
Procedure for recovery from this condi-
tion is to:
e Use a BW/-/ command
e Position the cursor at the desired
location for the block operation
e Use a BR/-/ command
An alternate recovery method is to:
Use the REOPEN command
e Reposition the cursor at the
desired location for the block
operation
e Repeat the block command
May result during a print or write com-
mand. A standard ATARI operating
system error number is given to aid you
in isolating the problem.
In a print operation, the editor:
e Aborts the command line
e Returns to immediate mode opera-
tion.
IN a write operation, the editor: closes
the file.
INSERTING AND DELETING COMMANDS
Command
IT/-/n
DBn
DAn
DFn
Explanation
Inserts text string at the cursor location
n times. If the cursor is past the last line
in the buffer, the editor inserts a car-
riage return to the right of the cursor
before inserting the text.
Deletes n characters before the cursor.
Deletes n characters after the cursor.
Deletes every character between the
beginning of the logical line and the
current cursor location. When the cur-
sor position is immediately past a car-
riage return, the entire logical line is
deleted except for the carriage return,
itself. After this occurrence, the cursor
moves to the beginning of this null line.
Operational Procedures
for the Editor 23
DLn
RL
Deletes the logical line containing the
cursor. After deletion the cursor moves
before the first character of the next
logical line.
Inserts the text stored in the “recoaver-
line” buffer in front of the line contain-
ing the cursor. Use this command to
recover from accidental deletion of a
line or to achieve a simple one-line
move. You can insert text into the
recover-line buffer by using a command
or an immediate keystroke to delete a
logical line.
Note: The notation n signifies an optional numeric argument, which usually acts as
a repeat counter, with a range of 1-65535. With the exception of margin values, if n
is omitted, the editor assumes a value of 1.
Error messages that could be generated from an attempt to use the above com-
mands are:
MEMORY FULL
LINE TOO LONG
CURSOR AT END
Results if too little free memory exists to
allow for complete input of the string
argument.
Result of Operation:
e Inserts either none, or only a part,
of the string
Aborts the command line
Returns to immediate mode opera-
tion
Results from a deletion command if the
editor deletes a carriage return and at-
tempts to concatenate lines that will ex-
ceed the current line length limits. Also,
this error condition results from text
string insertion that causes maximum
line length limits to be exceeded.
Results from a deletion command if the
cursor is at the beginning of the buffer
when the editor attempts a deletion of
characters before the cursor or if the
cursor is at the end of the buffer when
the editor attempts a deletion of
characters after the cursor.
Note: To delete the last carriage return in the buffer, use the delete-line command.
Operational Procedures
24 for the Editor
SPECIALIZED COMMANDS
LMn and RMn: Left and Right Margin Set Commands. If your television set needs
adjustment to avoid cutting columns off of the display, change the left and right
margins respectively by using these commands. Both margins are set a designated
number of spaces dependent upon the value of n. If you omit the designation for n,
the editor assumes a value of 1 for the left margin and a value of 40 for the right
margin. The rule for setting the margin values is that the left margin must be greater
than or equal to 1, but less than the value of the right margin. The right margin must
be less than or equal to 40, but greater than the value of the left margin.
If you attempt a designation for n that is not in conformance with the margin rule,
the editor generates the error message MARGIN VALUE ERROR, aborts the com-
mand line, and returns to immediate mode operation. This error condition also oc-
curs if a new margin value causes existing command lines to exceed margin bound-
aries. Set automatic default values for both margins by using the customizing file.
CTSn: Convert Tabs to Spaces Command. Use this command to convert expanding
tabs into spaces for a specified n of logical lines. If you omit the designation for n,
the editor assumes a value of 1. Error conditions can occur in two instances:
MEMORY FULL This error is generated when the editor
runs out of free memory during the
conversion. A partially converted line
may appear above the line that is being
executed at the time of the error condi-
tion.
CURSOR AT END This error is generated when the editor
runs out of lines to convert in the
buffer.
Error conditions cause the editor to abort the command line and return to im-
mediate mode operation.
REOPEN: Reopen Editor With Same File. Use the REOPEN command to exit nor-
mally from the editor. The editor automatically reenters the same file, retains the
original command line, and positions the cursor to the beginning of the file.
Minimum growth factor determinations are made by the editor. The editor displays
a warning message if the recalculated disk free space shows a limitation. You can
choose to leave the editor or ignore the warning and continue with your editing
session. When you reenter, the editor ignores all commands past the REOPEN on
the current command line and empties both command line entries.
Use this command as a safety factor and backup procedure. Consistent and fre-
quent implementation of the REOPEN command assures you the retention of your
most current work in the event of an unforeseeable occurrence such as a power
failure. Fifteen-minute interval “saves” are a common data processing practice.
Note: If you are using more than one disk drive, the editor switches source and
destination drives each time you execute the REOPEN command.
Operational Procedures
for the Editor 25
Operational Procedures
26 for the Editor
PLn: Print n Lines on the System Printer. Use this command to print a specified
number of lines on the system printer (P:). If n is not assigned, the editor assumes a
value of 1. If you assign a value to n that is larger than the number of lines currently
residing in the buffer, the editor automatically writes out the buffer and reads in a
new one. If the editor encounters an end-of-file before the assigned number of n
lines has been printed, the CURSOR AT END error message results. The editor
aborts the command line and returns to immediate mode operation.
Printing starts from the logical line containing the cursor. Before printing the lines,
all carriage returns and tab fields are changed to blanks.
Cursor positioning remains stationary unless the buffer is written out. The cursor
moves to the beginning of any newly read buffer.
WL/-/n: Write n Lines to Disk File. Use this command to write a specified number
of lines to the disk file designated within the delimiters. If n is not assigned, the
editor assumes a value of 1. If you assign a value to n that is larger than the number
of lines currently residing in the buffer, the editor automatically writes out the buf-
fer and reads in a new one. If the editor encounters an end-of-file before the as-
signed number of n lines has been written, the CURSOR AT END error message
results. The editor aborts the command line and returns to immediate mode opera-
tion.
Writing starts from the logical line containing the cursor. Cursor positioning re-
mains stationary unless the buffer is written out. The cursor moves to the beginning
of any newly read buffer.
Caution: Remember the editor reserves .BAK and . TMP extender designations. Do
not attempt a write or read operation to an already open file.
LARGE FILE COMMANDS
You can edit a file that is too large to fit into available free RAM space by using two
specialized commands formulated specifically for this purpose.
IH inputs half the available RAM from the file
OC outputs text up to the current position of the cursor
When the editor receives the IH command, its immediate response is to calculate
available memory and input approximately half of that amount from the file into
the buffer. After receiving the OC command, the editor outputs text from the
beginning of the buffer up to the logical line containing the cursor. Thereafter, that
logical line becomes the first line in the buffer. With combined use of these two
commands, you can obtain free memory to successfully edit files larger than will fit
into current memory. Error or warning conditions that can occur include:
INPUT EOF The editor reaches the end of the
specified input file.
I/O ERROR nnn A fatal disk or printer error occurs.
LINE TOO LONG The editor encounters a line that ex-
ceeds the maximum line length set by
the customizing file.
CANNOT-PREVIOUS The editor cannot perform an intended
DISK I/O ERROR function because of a previous error
condition.
TABLE 1 — IMMEDIATE MODE RESERVED KEYSTROKES
Move cursor left (skip across expanding
tabs)
Move cursor right (skip across expand-
ing tabs)
Move cursor down one physical line
Move cursor up one physical line
Move cursor to beginning of logical line
Move cursor to end of logical line
Display previous screen of characters
Display next screen of characters
Insert character into text
Prepare to insert new line(s)
Tab to next tab stop
Return with auto indent to same level
Delete character left of cursor
Delete character right of cursor
Delete logical line containing cursor
Toggle visible-tab mode (if expanding
tab option selected)
Toggle visible-carriage return mode
Clear error window
Execute command window
Select alternate command line
Change mode
Abort command being executed
Operational Procedures
for the Editor 27
Operational Procedures
28 for the Editor
EXIT
EXIT2
ABORT
ABORT2
SB/-/n
SF/-/n
SRB/-/-/n
SRF/-/-/n
SRVB/-/-/n
SRVF/-/-/n
MS
MC
BC
BM
BD
BP
BW/-/
BR/-/
CLn
CRn
CUn
CDn
CBB
CEB
CBF
CEF
CBL
CEL
CCn
[T/-/n
DBn
DAn
DF
DR
DLn
RL
IH
OC
TABLE 2 — COMMAND MODE INSTRUCTIONS
Exit normally from edit - return to DOS
Exit normally from edit - restart editor
Exit without saving changes - return to
DOS
Exit without saving changes - restart
editor
Search for nth occurrence of string in
buffer
Search for nth occurrence of string in
file
Search and replace n times in buffer
Search and replace n times in file
Search and replace with verify n times
in buffer
Search and replace with verify n times
in file
Marker set
Marker clear
Block copy
Block move
Block delete
Block print
Block write to disk file
Block read from disk file
Move cursor left n characters
Move cursor right n characters
Move cursor up n logical lines
Move cursor down n logical lines
Move cursor to beginning of buffer
Move cursor to end of buffer
Move cursor to beginning of file
Move cursor to end of file
Move cursor to beginning of logical line
Move cursor to end of logical line
Move cursor to column n
Input string n times at cursor position
Delete n characters before cursor
Delete n characters after cursor
Delete first part of logical line
Delete remainder of logical line
Delete n logical lines
Recover last deleted line
Input half of available RAM from file
Output text to file up to line contain-
ing cursor
REOPEN Reopen editor with same file
PLn Print n lines on system printer
WL/-/n Write n lines to disk file
CTSn Convert expanding tabs to spaces for n
lines
LMn Set left margin to width n
RMn Set right margin to width n
Note: n is an optional numeric argument, which usually acts as a repeat counter,
with a range of 1-65535. With the exception of margin values, if n is omitted, the
editor assumes a value of 1.
Note: /-/” is a required character string delimited by either a pair of slashes or a
pair of quotes. '/-/-/” is a pair of required strings delimited by either a triplet of
slashes or a triplet of quotes.
Operational Procedures
for the Editor 29
Operational Procedures
30 for the Editor
3
CUSTOMIZING THE EDITOR
You can use the editor to full advantage by establishing specific parameters to han-
dle distinct file extensions. For example, you may wish to turn off the auto-
indention feature on all file extensions except for languages similar to PASCAL.
Maximum line lengths for .ASM files are different than, for instance, .BAS and
should be altered from the default value. By setting a customizing screen color you
can visually determine the nature of your editing file.
Customizing file alterations use the BASIC programming language. You must have
an ATARI BASIC language cartridge inserted into the left slot of your computer con-
sole. Refer to the ATARI 800 Operators Manual for instruction in installing a car-
tridge.
To load the customizing file:
1. Place the diskette containing the editor program into your disk drive.
2. Turn on the computer. Wait for the READY message prompt with the cursor
to appear on the screen.
3. Type RUN “D:MEDITCM.BAS” and press :
4. Remove the program diskette and insert your data diskette.
The Customizing File Menu that appears will allow you to select the area in which
you wish to change the default values. Most of the selections are self-documented.
You can reference the instructions included in the software program or you can
type N in response to the WOULD YOU LIKE INSTRUCTIONS? (Y/N) query and
use this manual.
Figure 10 Extension Group Prompt
Customizing the Editor 31
32 Customizing the Editor
Refer to Figure 11. By answering the WHAT EXTENSION GROUP query, you
establish the filename specification extension that you wish to customize. Enter the
(?)to return to the instructions for use of the file.
Figure 11 Customizing File Menu
A-D—Parameters
The Customizing File Menu appears as soon as you have answered the extension
group prompt. Depending upon your choice of parameters, all changes that you
enter into the customizing file will be retained as new values for your selected
group. Use the first four fields of the menu, A-D, to establish the changes or to
disregard them. Selection of A or C returns control to DOS for easy access into the
editor. Selection of B or D reruns the customizing file.
E—Set Tab Stops
Selection E allows you to set your tab stop values. As the software instructions in-
dicate, tab stop values cannot be changed during an editing session. The screen
displays default and current tab stop values. A (Menu, Set, Clear) Select Item
prompt appears on the screen.
M Reruns the Customizing File Menu
S Brings (2-199) What column to set onto the screen. Choose the column tab
stop by pressing the number combination followed by i“ 1. All current tab
stop values will be redisplayed. Note the inclusion of your new value.
C Brings (2-199 or *) What column to clear onto the screen. Choose the col-
umn tab stop by pressing the number combination followed by i“ “““. All
current tab stop values will be redisplayed. Note the exclusion of your new
value.
idx
Press the key to clear all tab stop values. Wait for the Select-ltem prompt
to appear. Use the Set command to enter new values.
F—Set Maximum Line Length
Maximum line length defaults to 114 characters or 3 physical lines in conformance
with the ATARI Computer's built-in operating system screen editor. The editor
allows from 2 to 200 characters per logical line. Enter your chosen value and press
Control automatically returns to the Customizing File Menu.
G—Set Minimum Growth
Use this command to determine your space allocation before receiving an 1/0
ERROR 162 (disk full) error message. You can ignore the minimum growth check
warning and proceed with your editing session. However, be mindful of its
usefulness as a warning device. Enter your chosen value and press . Control
automatically returns to the Customizing File Menu.
H—Set Default Margins
If display columns are being cut off at the sides of your television screen, you can
change the left and right margins.
I—Set Color of Screen
Using the customizing file, you can alter three variables that precisely determine
the color display. The first variable, indicated as COLOR, controls the background
color selection. Refer to the following table for numbers corresponding to the color
of your choice.
TABLE 3—THE ATARI COLORS AND NUMBERS
BACKGROUND CORRESPONDING
COLORS NUMBERS
GRAY 0
LIGHT ORANGE (GOLD) 1
ORANGE 2
RED-ORANGE 3
PINK 4
PURPLE 5
PURPLE-BLUE 6
AZURE BLUE 7
SKY BLUE 8
LIGHT BLUE 9
TURQUOISE 10
GREEN-BLUE 11
GREEN 12
YELLOW-GREEN 13
ORANGE-GREEN 14
LIGHT ORANGE 15
Note: Colors will vary with type and adjustment of television or monitor used.
Customizing the Editor 33
34 Customizing the Editor
The second variable, B-lum, controls the luminance of the background color on
the screen. The third variable, C-lum, controls the character luminance.
Luminance is changed on every even number: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14. Follow
certain rules when assigning luminance numbers to ensure a useable combination.
To obtain the best clarity and avoid the occurrence of a blank screen:
® Do not equate the luminance values for the two variables, B-lum and C-lum.
e The two luminance values must be greater or less than each other by a factor
of 8.
Figure 12 Customizing File Submenu J
J—Set Miscellaneous Flags
A—Return to Main Menu
Return to the main menu after choosing your new values. You may then make a
selection to retain or disregard the parameters you have selected.
B—Set Type of Tab
Note: Not all ATARI software recognizes expanding tabs.
Space tabs insert a selected number of blanks between tab stops, and the cursor
positions accordingly. Expanding tabs, however, insert a character into the text
that indicates the tab function.
C—Set Tab Display Method
Expanding tabs can be conventionally displayed as spaces or usefully displayed
as right triangles followed by periods. The value entered into this parameter can
be displaced by an immediate mode keystroke.
D—Set Carriage Return Display
A carriage return can either be displayed as a space or a down arrow. The value
entered into this parameter can be displaced by an immediate mode keystroke.
E—Auto-Indention Feature
Auto-indention allows you to reposition the cursor to an automatic tab stop on
the next logical line. To activate auto-indention, you press the and
keys simultaneously. Use the customizing file to disengage this feature.
F—Set Shifting Caselock
After you answer the filename prompt and begin the edit of your specified file,
this option comes into effect. Set a shift-lock for uppercase designation or a no-
lock for upper- and lowercase. The parameter value entered may be displaced
by using the key during an editing session.
Customizing the Editor 35
LIMITED 90-DAY WARRANTY
ON ATARI® HOME COMPUTER PRODUCTS
ATARI, INC (“ATARI”) warrants to the original consumer purchaser that this ATARI Home Computer Product (not including computer pro-
grams) shall be free from any defects in material or workmanship for a period of 90 days from the date of purchase. If any such defect is
discovered within the warranty period, ATARI's sole obligation will be to repair or replace, at its election, the Computer Product free of
charge on receipt of the unit (charges prepaid, if mailed or shipped) with proof of date of purchase satisfactory to ATAR! at any authorized
ATARI Computer Service Center. For the location of an authorized ATARI Computer Service Center nearest you, call toll-free:
In California (800) 672-1430 or write to: Atari, Inc.
Continental U.S. (800) 538-8737 Customer Service/Field Support
1340 Bordeaux Drive
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
YOU MUST RETURN DEFECTIVE COMPUTER PRODUCTS TO AN AUTHORIZED ATARI COMPUTER SERVICE CENTER FOR IN-
WARRANTY REPAIR.
This warranty shall not apply if the Computer Product: (i} has been misused or shows signs of excessive wear, (ii) has been damaged by be-
ing used with any products not supplied by ATARI, or (iii) has been damaged by being serviced or modified by anyone other than an
authorized ATARI Service Center,
ANY APPLICABLE IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PUR-
POSE, ARE HEREBY LIMITED TO NINETY DAYS FROM THE DATE OF PURCHASE. CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES
RESULTING FROM A BREACH OF ANY APPLICABLE EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Some states do not
allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts or do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages,
so the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to you.
This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.
DISCLAIMER OR WARRANTY
ON ATARI COMPUTER PROGRAMS
AlL ATARI computer programs are distributed on an “as is” basis without warranty of any kind. The entire risk as to the quality and perfor-
mance of such programs is with the purchaser. Should the programs prove defective following their purchase, the purchaser and not the
manufacturer, distributor, or retailer assumes the entire cost of all necessary servicing or repair.
ATARI shall have no liability or responsibility to a purchaser, customer, or any other person or entity with respect to any liability, loss, or
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If your ATARI Home Computer Product requires repair other than under warranty, please contact your local authorized ATARI Computer
Service Center for repair information.
IMPORTANT: If you ship your ATARI Home Computer Product, package it securely and ship it, charges prepaid and insured, by parcel post
or United Parcel Service.
EDITOR MESSAGES
Warnings
USING DEFAULTS
NEW FILE
INPUT EOF
CANNOT-PREVIOUS
DISK VO ERROR
CURSOR AT END
Prompt Messages
VERIFY(REPLACE,
SKIP,QUIT)?
Error Messages
MARGIN VALUE ERROR
LINE TOO LONG
MEMORY FULL
ILLEGAL
DEV:FILE.EXT
DELIMITER ERROR
SEARCH FAILED
NOT COMPLETE
UNRECOGNIZED
COMMAND
BREAK KEY
ABORT
1/0 ERROR nnn
NUMBER TOO BIG
CANNOT FIND
MARKED BLOCK
CANNOT FIND FILE
EDITOR IS CONFUSED
FILE LOCKED
EDITOR CANNOT
RUN-NO FREE IOCBs
No customizing file was found that matched the extension of the filename, so the editor uses its built-in
defaults.
The file named to be edited does not exist; therefore, the editor creates a new file using the specified
name given at the prompt.
The end of file has been reached on the input file.
Refer to a previous execution for cause of error. Use of EXIT, IH, or OC commands may be restricted.
Occurs whenever the cursor tries to move past either end of the text buffer.
Displays in the error window before each replacement while executing a search-and-replace-with-verify
command.
Occurs when a designation for n is not in conformance with the margin rule.
Occurs whenever the addition of text to the current line causes it to exceed the maximum line length set
by the customizing file.
Means that there is not enough free RAM in the buffer to carry out the operation.
Tells you that the last filename prompt was incorrectly answered.
Tells you that the command being entered into the command window requires a slash (/) or double
quotation mark (7) for proper syntax.
Occurs when a search command was executed and the search string could not be found.
Occurs when you try to execute the command window when an incomplete command line exists there.
Occurs when you type an invalid character into the command window.
Acknowledges that you have pressed the
key during execution of the command window.
Tells you that a fatal disk or printer error has occurred. nnn is an error number generated by the
operating system. Refer to the ATARI Disk Operating System Il Reference Manual.
Tells you that the argument n given in the command window is too large for the command specified or
the current line length limit,
Means that the editor could not find a marked block of text while executing a BC, BD, BM, BP, BW/-/, or
BR/-/ command.
Means that the editor could not find the file requested in a BR/-/ command.
Occ
hen internal editing pointers have been damaged. Try immediate mode keystrokes |
<— until you no longer receive this error message. (If this error should occur, it wou
helpful to us if you could find a repeatable sequence of events that reproduces it and report to ATARI
Customer Service.)
Means that the file you requested to edit is locked or the"associated .BAK or .TMP file is locked.
Occurs if you have attempted to use any other DOS but 2.0S; or if you have called the editor directly,
and at least three available IOCBs do not exist.
Note: n is an optional numeric argument, which usually acts as a repeat counter, with a range of 1-65535. With the exception of margin
values, if n is omitted, the editor assumes a value of 1.
o o o
ATARIS PROGRAM-TEXT EDITOR” REFERENCE CARD
TABLE OF COMMAND MODE INSTRUCTIONS EDITOR MESSAGES
No customizing file was found that matched the extension of the
EXIT Exit normally from edit - return to DOS USING DEFAULTS
AB it wi t savi h - return to DOS . . . .
ORT Ex withou >aving Changes - return fo NEW FILE The file named to be edited does not exist; therefore, the editor creates a
ABORT2 Exit without saving changes - restart editor new file using the name specified at the prompt.
SB/-/n Search for nth occurrence of string in buffer INPUT EOF The end of file has been reached on the input file.
SF/-/n Search for nth occurrence of string in file
SRB/-/-/n Search and replace n times in buffer CANNOT-PREVIOUS Refer to a previous execution for cause of error. Use of EXIT, IH, or OC
arc ерасе DISK 1/0 ERROR commands may be restricted.
SRF/-/-/n Search and replace n times in file
SRVB/-/-/n Search and replace with verify n times in buffer CURSOR AT END Occurs whenever the cursor tries to move past either end of the text
buffer.
SRVF/-/-/n Search and replace with verify n times in file
VERIFY(REPLACE, Displays in the error window before each replacement while executing a
MS Marker set SKIP, QUIT? search-and-replace-with-verify command.
MC Marker clear o
BC Block copy MARGIN VALUE ERROR A designation for n is not in conformance with the margin rule.
BM Block move LINE TOO LONG The addition of text to the current line causes it to exceed the maximum
BD Block delete line length set by the customizing file.
BP Block print MEMORY FULL There is not enough free RAM in the buffer to carry out the operation.
BW/-/ Block write to disk file ILLEGAL DEV:FILE.EXT The last filename prompt was incorrectly answered.
BR/-/ Block read from disk file |
DELIMITER ERROR The command being entered into the command window requires a slash
CLn Move cursor left n characters (/) or double quotation (”') for proper syntax.
CRn Move cursor right n characters SEARCH FAILED A search command was executed and the search string could not be
CUn Move cursor up n logical lines found.
Con Move cursor down n logical lines NOT COMPLETE Occurs when you try to execute the command window when an in-
CBB Move cursor to beginning of buffer complete command line exists there.
CEB Move cursor to end of buffer
CBF Mov to beginni efi UNRECOGNIZED Occurs when you type an invalid character into the command window.
e cursor eginning of file COMMAND
CEF Move cursor to end of file В й
CBL Move cursor to beginning of logical I BREAK KEY ABORT Acknowledges that you have pressed the key during execution of
ve curs ginning gical line the command window.
CEL Move cursor to end of logical line
cen Move cursor to column n 1/O ERROR nnn A fatal disk or printer error has occurred.
IT//n Input string n times at cursor position NUMBER TOO BIG The argument n given in the command window is too large for the com-
DBA Delete n characters before curso mand specified or the current line length limit.
aracters before cursor
DAn Delete n characters after cursor CANNOT FIND The editor could not find a marked block of text while executing a BC,
DF Delete first part of logical line MARKED BLOCK BD, BM, BP, BW/-/, or BA/-/ command.
DR Delete remainder of logical line CANNOT FIND FILE The editor could not find the file requested in a BR/-/ command.
Din Delete n logical lines EDITOR IS CONFUSED Internal editing pointers have been damaged. Try immediate mode
RL Recover last deleted line keystrokes 2 and: until you no longer receive this error
message.
IH Input half of available RAM from file 5
“OC Output text to file up to line containing cursor FILE LOCKED e file you requested to edit is locked or the associated .BAK or .TMP
ile is locked.
REOPEN Reopen editor with same file
PLn Print n lines on svstem printer EDITOR CANNOT Occurs if you have attempted to use any other DOS but 2.0S; or the
WL/ Wri | at printe RUN-NO FREE IOCB'S editor was called directly, and at least three available IOCBs do not exist.
-/n rite n lines to disk file
CTSn Convert expanding tabs to spaces for n lines Note: n is an optional numeric argument, which usually acts as a repeat counter, with a range of 1 to 65535.
tMn Set left margin to width n With the exception of margin values, if n is omitted, the editor assumes a value of 1. /-/ is a required character
RMn Set right in to width string delimited by either a pair of slashes or a pair of quotes. /-/-/ is a pair of required strings delimited by either
et right margin to width n a triplet of slashes or a triplet of quotes.
ATARI® MACRO ASSEMBLER REFERENCE CARD
PSEUDO-OP QUICK REFERENCE
iglab
LABEL:
LABEL:
LABEL:
LABEL:
LABEL:
LABEL:
LABEL:
iglab
iglab
LABEL:
iglab
iglab
iglab
LABEL:
iglab
iglab
LABEL:
iglab
iglab
iglab
LABEL:
NAME:
LABEL:
LABEL:
LABEL:
LABEL:
iglab
iglab
iglab
iglab
ASSERT
DB
DB
DC
DS
DW
DW
ECHO
EJECT
ELSE
END
ENDIF
ENDM
EPROC
EQU
ERR
IF
INCLUDE
LINK
LIST
LIST
LOC
MACRO
ORG
PROC
REAL6
SET
SPACE
SUBTTL
TITLE
USE
< exp >
<exp>,<exp>
‘АВСОЕ’, ,$0D
'ABCDE”
<exp>
<exp>,<exp>
"Xu”,1234,y
<exp>
[exp]
<exp>
<exp>
< filespec >
< filespec >
<opt>
*
<exp>
< parms>
<exp>
<exp>
< exp>
<expl>,<exp2>
‘text’
‘text’
< name >
¿Check assembly condition
¡Define bytes
¡Define long strings
¡DB with 80h added onto the last byte
¡Define space
¡Define words
¡Define 1- or 2-character strings
¡Duplicate code <exp> times
¡Page eject
¡Part of conditional assembly
¡End of assembly
; Terminate range of IF
; Terminate MACRO or ECHO
; Terminates local symbol range
¡Define LABEL equals <exp>
¿Force error flag
;Begin conditional assembly
¡Include another source file
¡Include another source file at the end of this source file
;<opt> = list control option
;Pop list control stack
¡Set location counter
¡Begin macro definition
¡Set origin counter
¡Begin local symbol range
;6-byte real constant conversion
¡Reset LABEL to <exp>
¡Space <expl > lines if <exp2> lines left on this page
¡Set listing subtitle
¡Set listing title
¡Use block declaration
LABEL: VFD <exp>\<exp> ¡Variable field definition
LABEL: = <exp> :Synonym for EQU
< exp > = required expression
[exp] = optional expression
<filespec> = <device>:<filename> .< extension >
iglab = ignored label
‘text’ = strings
ERROR CODES
<n © z Zz =
I I H
= < ec
N
<
N
Address error. Instruction specified does not support the addressing mode specified,
Duplicate label error. The last one defined is used.
Expression error. An expression on the source line in the address field is unrecognizable.
Bad nesting of control statements. Bad nesting of IF/ELSE/ENDIF statements. When this occurs on the
END line, means an IF was not terminated.
Instruction field not recognized. Three NOP bytes are generated.
Label field not recognized. Three NOP bytes are generated.
MACRO statement error. Improper macro definition.
Error in number: digit exceeds radix, value exceeds 16 bits, and so forth.
Stack table overflow occurred in evaluating expression; user should simplify expression.
Too many LINK files. Too many PROCs. Too many USE blocks.
Programmer forced error. See ASSERT and ERR pseudo-ops.
Expression in variable field not computable.
Syntax error in statement. Too many or too few address subfields.
Reference to an undefined symbol.
Expression overflow. resultant value is truncated.
Not within VFD field width (1 <= width <= 16).
Misplaced instruction, extraneous ENDM. When this occurs on the END line, means a MACRO or
ECHO was not terminated.
© 1981 ATARI, INC.
CO60027 REV.1
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