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EMC Enterprise Storage
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems
Models FC4500, FC5300, and FC5700
CONFIGURATION PLANNING GUIDE
P/N 014003039-02
EMC Corporation
171 South Street, Hopkinton, MA 01748-9103
Corporate Headquarters: (508) 435-1000, (800) 424-EMC2 Fax: (508) 435-5374 Service: (800) SVC-4EMC
Copyright © EMC Corporation 2000, 2001. All rights reserved.
Printed May 2001
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Trademark Information
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All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.
ii
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
Contents
Preface
..............................................................................................................................xi
Chapter 1 About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks
(SANs)
Introducing EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems.......................1-2
Fibre Channel Background..............................................................1-3
Fibre Channel Storage Components ..............................................1-4
Server Component (Host-Bus Adapter Driver Package with
Software) .....................................................................................1-4
Interconnect Components ........................................................1-4
Storage Component (Storage Systems, Storage Processors
(SPs), and Other Hardware).....................................................1-9
Types of Storage System Installations..........................................1-10
About Switched Shared Storage and SANs (Storage Area
Storage Groups.........................................................................1-12
Storage System Hardware for Shared Storage ....................1-15
About Unshared Storage ...............................................................1-16
Storage System Hardware for Unshared Storage ...............1-16
Chapter 2 RAID Types and Tradeoffs
Introducing RAID .............................................................................2-2
Disk Striping...............................................................................2-2
Mirroring.....................................................................................2-2
RAID Groups and LUNs ..........................................................2-3
RAID 5 Group (Individual Access Array) .............................2-4
RAID 3 Group (Parallel Access Array)...................................2-5
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
iii
Contents
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
RAID 1 Mirrored Pair ...............................................................2-7
RAID 0 Group (Nonredundant Array) ..................................2-8
RAID 1/0 Group (Mirrored RAID 0 Group) .........................2-8
Individual Disk Unit .................................................................2-9
Hot Spare ....................................................................................2-9
RAID Benefits and Tradeoffs.........................................................2-12
Performance .............................................................................2-13
Storage Flexibility ....................................................................2-14
Data Availability and Disk Space Usage..............................2-14
Guidelines for RAID Types ...........................................................2-17
Sample Applications for RAID Types..........................................2-19
Planning File Systems and LUNs with Shared Switched
Storage
Dual Paths to LUNs..........................................................................3-2
Sample Shared Switched Installation ............................................3-3
Planning Applications, LUNs, and Storage Groups....................3-6
Application and LUN Planning ..............................................3-6
Application and LUN Planning Worksheet ..........................3-7
LUN and Storage Group Planning Worksheet .....................3-8
LUN Details Worksheet..........................................................3-11
Planning LUNs and File Systems with Unshared Direct
Storage
Dual SPs and Paths to LUNs...........................................................4-2
Unshared Direct and Shared-or-Clustered Direct Storage .........4-2
Sample Unshared Direct Installation......................................4-2
Sample Shared-or-Clustered Direct Installation ...................4-3
Planning Applications and LUNs ..................................................4-4
Application and LUN Planning ..............................................4-4
Application and LUN Planning Worksheet ..........................4-5
LUN Planning Worksheet ........................................................4-6
Completing the LUN Details Worksheet .............................4-12
Storage System Hardware
Hardware for Shared Storage .........................................................5-3
Storage Hardware — Rackmount DPE-Based Storage
Systems .......................................................................................5-3
Storage Processor (SP) ..............................................................5-5
iv
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
Contents
Chapter 6
Hardware for Unshared Storage.................................................... 5-6
Types of Storage System for Unshared Storage ................... 5-6
Storage Processor (SP) .............................................................. 5-9
Planning Your Hardware Components ...................................... 5-11
Configuration Tradeoffs - Shared Storage .......................... 5-11
Configuration Tradeoffs - Unshared Storage ..................... 5-12
Hardware Data Sheets ................................................................... 5-14
DPE Data Sheet........................................................................ 5-14
iDAE Data Sheet...................................................................... 5-16
DAE Data Sheet....................................................................... 5-18
Cabinets for Rackmount Enclosures............................................ 5-20
Cable and Configuration Guidelines .......................................... 5-21
Hardware Planning Worksheets .................................................. 5-24
Hardware for Shared Storage ............................................... 5-24
Hardware Component Worksheet for Shared Storage...... 5-25
Hardware Component Worksheet for Shared Storage...... 5-27
Hardware for Unshared Storage .......................................... 5-27
Hardware Component Worksheet for Unshared Storage. 5-30
Hardware Component Worksheet for Unshared Storage. 5-31
Hardware Component Worksheet for Unshared Storage. 5-33
Hardware Component Worksheet for Unshared Storage. 5-35
Storage-System Management
Using Navisphere Manager Software ........................................... 6-3
Storage Management Worksheets.................................................. 6-5
Index
................................................................................................................................ i-1
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
v
Contents vi
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
Figures
Switch and Hub Topologies Compared .................................................... 1-6
Disk-Array Processor Enclosure (DPE) ..................................................... 1-9
Types of Storage System Installation ....................................................... 1-10
Sample SAN Configuration ...................................................................... 1-13
Data and Configuration Access Control with Shared Storage ............ 1-14
Storage System with a DPE and Three DAEs ........................................ 1-15
Storage System Hardware for Unshared Storage .................................. 1-17
Multiple LUNs in a RAID Group ............................................................... 2-3
RAID 1/0 Group (Mirrored RAID 0 Group) ............................................ 2-9
Disk Space Usage in the RAID Configurations ...................................... 2-16
Sample Shared Switched High Availability installation ........................ 3-3
Shared and Unshared Storage .................................................................... 5-2
DPE Storage-System Components – Rackmount Model ........................ 5-3
Rackmount System with DPE and DAEs .................................................. 5-4
Storage System Types for Unshared Storage ........................................... 5-7
DPE Components - Deskside Model ......................................................... 5-8
EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning Guide vii
Figures
5-12
Storage System with Two SPs Connected to the Same Server ............. 5-10
Storage System with Two SPs Connected to Different Servers ............ 5-10
Comparison Between Optical and Copper Cabling ............................... 5-21
Cable Identifier — DPE-Based System for Shared Storage ................... 5-24
Sample Shared Storage Installation .......................................................... 5-26
Cable Identifier — Unshared System without Hubs ............................. 5-28
Cable Identifier — Unshared Full-Fibre System with Hubs ................. 5-29
Sample Unshared Deskside System — Basic Configuration ................ 5-31
Sample Unshared Deskside System — Dual-Adapter/Dual-SP
Sample Component Worksheet for DPE-Based System with Hubs — Two
Sample Shared Switched Environment with Navisphere Manager ...... 6-4
Sample Unshared Environment with Navisphere Manager .................. 6-4
viii EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning Guide
Tables
Performance, Availability, and Cost of RAID Types
Cache Recommendations for Different RAID Types ............................ 3-16
Cache Recommendations for Different RAID Types ............................ 4-15
High-Availability Options, Deskside Unshared Storage ...................... 5-13
High-Availability Options, Rackmount Unshared Storage ................. 5-13
EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning Guide ix
Tables x EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning Guide
Preface
This planning guide provides an overview of Fibre Channel disk-array storage-system models and offers essential background information and worksheets to help you with the installation and configuration planning.
Please read this guide
• if you are considering purchase of an EMC Fibre Channel disk-array storage system and want to understand its features; or
• before you plan the installation of a storage system.
Audience for the Manual
You should be familiar with the host servers that will use the storage systems and with the operating systems of the servers. After reading this guide, you will be able to
• determine the best storage system components for your installation
• determine your site requirements
• configure storage systems correctly
EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning Guidexi xi
Preface
Organization of the Manual
Provides background information on the Fibre
Channel protocols and explains the major installation types.
Describes the RAID Groups and the different ways they store data.
Describes installations for shared switched storage.
Describes installations for unshared direct, and shared-or-clustered direct, and shared switched storage.
Describes hardware components.
Describes storage-system management utilities.
xii EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning Guide
1
About Fibre Channel
Storage Systems and
Networks (SANs)
This chapter introduces Fibre Channel disk-array storage systems and storage area networks (SANs). Major sections are
• Introducing EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems........................1-2
• Fibre Channel Background ...............................................................1-3
• Fibre Channel Storage Components................................................1-4
• About Switched Shared Storage and SANs (Storage Area
• About Unshared Storage.................................................................1-16
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs) 1-1
1
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
Introducing EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems
EMC Fibre Channel disk-array storage systems provide terabytes of disk storage capacity, high transfer rates, flexible configurations, and highly available data at low cost.
A storage system package includes a host-bus adapter driver package with hardware and software to connect with a server, storage management software, Fibre Channel interconnect hardware, and one or more storage systems.
Figure 1-1 Storage System Models
1-2 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
1
Fibre Channel Background
Fibre Channel is a high-performance serial protocol that allows transmission of both network and I/O channel data. It is a low level protocol, independent of data types, and supports such formats as
SCSI and IP.
The Fibre Channel standard supports several physical topologies, including switched fabric point-to-point and arbitrated loop (FC-AL).
The topologies used by the Fibre Channel storage systems described in this manual are switched fabric and FC-AL.
A switch fabric is a set of point-to-point connections between nodes, the connection being made through one or more Fibre Channel switches. Each node may have its own unique address, but the path between nodes is governed by a switch. The nodes are connected by optical cable.
A Fibre Channel arbitrated loop is a circuit consisting of nodes. Each node has a unique address, called a Fibre Channel arbitrated loop address. The nodes are connected by optical cables. An optical cable can transmit data over great distances for connections that span entire enterprises and can support remote disaster recovery systems.
Copper cable serves well for local connections; its length is limited to
30 meters (99 feet).
Each connected device in a switched fabric or arbitrated loop is a server adapter (initiator) or a target (storage system). The switches and hubs are not considered nodes.
Server Adapter (initiator)
Node
Connection
Storage System (target)
Node
EMC1802
Figure 1-2 Nodes - Initiator and Target
Fibre Channel Background 1-3
1
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
Fibre Channel Storage Components
A Fibre Channel storage system has three main components:
• Server component (host-bus adapter driver package with adapter and software)
• Interconnect components (cables based on Fibre Channel standards, switches, and hubs)
• Storage components (storage system with storage processors —
SPs — and power supply and cooling hardware)
Server Component (Host-Bus Adapter Driver Package with Software)
The host-bus adapter driver package includes a host-bus adapter and support software. The adapter is a printed-circuit board that slides into an I/O slot in the server’s cabinet. It transfers data between server memory and one or more disk-array storage systems over
Fibre Channel — as controlled by the support software (adapter driver).
One or more servers can use a storage system. For high availability — in event of an adapter failure — a server can have two adapters.
Server
EMC1803
Depending on your server type, you may have a choice of adapters.
The adapter is designed for a specific host bus; for example, a PCI bus or SBUS. Some adapter types support copper or optical cabling; some support copper cabling only.
Interconnect Components
The interconnect components include the cables, Fibre Channel switch (for shared storage), and Fibre Channel hub (for unshared storage).
Cables Depending on your needs, you can choose copper or optical cables.
1-4 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
1
The maximum length of copper cable is 30 meters (99 feet) between nodes or hubs. The maximum length of optical cable between server and hub or storage system is much greater, depending on the cable type. For example, 62.5-micron multimode cable can span up to 500 meters (1,640 feet) while 9-micron single-mode cable can span up to
10 kilometers (6.2 miles). This ability to span great distances is a major advantage of optical cable.
Some nodes have connections that require a specific type of cable: copper or optical. Other nodes allow for the conversion from copper to optical using a conversion device called a GigaBit Interface
Converter (GBIC) or Media Interface Adapter (MIA). In most cases, a
GBIC or MIA lets you substitute long-distance optical connections for shorter copper connections.
With extenders, optical cable can span up to 40 km (25 miles). This ability to span great distances is a major advantage of optical cable.
Details on cable lengths and rules appear later in this manual.
Fibre Channel Switches
A Fibre Channel switch, which is a requirement for shared storage (a
Storage Area Network, SAN) connects all the nodes cabled to it using a fabric topology. A switch adds serviceability and scalability to any installation; it allows on-line insertion and removal of any device on the fabric and maintains integrity if any connected device stops participating. A switch also provides host-to-storage-system access control in a multiple-host shared-storage environment. A switch has several advantages over a hub: it provides point-to-point connections
(as opposed to a hub’s loop that includes all nodes) and it offers zoning to specify paths between nodes in the switch itself.
Fibre Channel Storage Components 1-5
1
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
You can cascade switches (connect one switch port to another switch) for additional port connections.
Switch topology (point-to-point)
Server Server Server
Server
Hub topology (loop)
Server
Server
Switch uses discrete connections between ports
Hub uses loop between ports
SP SP SP
Storage systems
SP
To illustrate the comparison, this figure shows just one adapter per server and one switch or hub. Normally, such installations include two adapters per server and two switches or hubs.
Figure 1-3 Switch and Hub Topologies Compared
Switch Zoning
Switch zoning defines paths between connected nodes. Each zone encloses one or more adapters and one or more SPs. A switch can have as many zones as it has ports. The current connection limits are four SP ports to one adapter port (the SPs fan in to the adapter) and
15 adapters to one SP (the SPs fan out to the adapters). There are several zone types, including the single-initiator type, which is the recommended type.
In the following figure, Server 1 has access to one SP (SP A) in storage systems 1 and 2; it has no access to any other SP.
1-6 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
1
Server 1
Switch fabric
Zone
SP SP SP SP SP SP
Storage system 1 Storage system 2 Storage system 3
To illustrate switch zoning, this figure shows just one HBA per server and one switch or hub. Normally, such installations will include two HBAs per server and two switches or hubs.
Figure 1-4 A Switch Zone
If you do not define a zone in a switch, all adapter ports connected to the switch can communicate with all SP ports connected to the switch. However, access to an SP does not necessarily provide access to the SP’s storage; access to storage is governed by the Storage
Groups you create (defined later).
Fibre Channel switches are available with 16 or 8 ports. They are compact units that fit in 2 U (3.5 inches) for the 16-port or 1 U (1.75 inches) for the 8-port. They are available to fit into a rackmount cabinet or as small deskside enclosures.
Ports
Figure 1-5 16-Port Switch, Back View
EMC1807
Fibre Channel Storage Components 1-7
1
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
Fibre Channel Hubs
If your servers and storage systems will be far apart, you can place the switches closer to the servers or the storage systems, as convenient.
A switch is technically a repeater, not a node, in a Fibre Channel loop.
However, it is bound by the same cabling distance rules as a node.
A hub connects all the nodes cabled to it into a single logical loop. A hub adds serviceability and scalability to any loop; it allows on-line insertion and removal of any device on the loop and maintains loop integrity if any connected device stops participating.
Fibre channel hubs are compact units that fit in 1 U (1.75 inches) of storage space. They are available to fit into a rackmount cabinet or as small deskside units.
The nine-pin port can connect to a server, storage system, or another hub.
Figure 1-6 Nine-Port Hub
If your servers and storage systems will be far apart, you can place the hubs closer to the servers or the storage systems, as convenient.
1-8 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
1
Storage Component (Storage Systems, Storage Processors (SPs), and Other
Hardware)
EMC disk-array storage systems, with their storage processors, power supplies, and cooling hardware form the storage component of a Fibre Channel system. The controlling unit, a Disk-array
Processor Enclosure (DPE) looks like the following figure.
Disk modules
EMC1808
Figure 1-7 Disk-Array Processor Enclosure (DPE)
DPE hardware details appear in a later chapter.
Fibre Channel Storage Components 1-9
1
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
Types of Storage System Installations
Unshared Direct
(one or two servers)
Server
You can use a storage systems in any of several types of installation:
• Unshared direct with one server is the simplest and least costly;
• Shared-or-clustered direct lets two clustered servers share storage resources with high availability (FC4500 storage systems; and
• Shared switched , with one or two switch fabrics, lets two to 15 servers share the resources of several storage systems in a Storage
Area Network (SAN) Shared switched installations are available in a high-availability (HA) version, with two HBAs per server, with two switches, or with one HBA per server and one switch.
Shared-or-Clustered Direct
(two servers)
Server Server
Shared Switched
(multiple servers)
Server Server
Server
Switch fabric Switch fabric
Path 1
Path 2
Disk-array storage systems
Figure 1-8 Types of Storage System Installation
Storage systems for any shared installation require EMC Access
Logix™ software to control server access to the storage system LUNs.
The Shared-or-clustered direct installation may be either shared (that is, use Access Logix to control LUN access) or clustered (without
Access Logix, using cluster software to control LUN access), depending on the hardware model.
1-10 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
1
About Switched Shared Storage and SANs (Storage Area
Networks)
This section explains the features that let multiple servers share disk-array storage systems on a SAN (storage area network).
A SAN is a collection of storage devices connected to servers via Fibre
Channel switches to provide a central location for disk storage.
Centralizing disk storage among multiple servers has many advantages, including
• highly available data
• flexible association between servers and storage capacity
• centralized management for fast, effective response to users’ data storage needs
• easier file backup and recovery
An EMC SAN is based on shared storage; that is, the SAN requires the Access Logix option to provides flexible access control to storage system LUNs.
Server Server Server
Switch fabric
SP A SP B
Storage systems
Switch fabric
SP A SP B
Path 1
Path 2
Figure 1-9 Components of a SAN
Fibre Channel switches can control data access to storage systems through the use of switch zoning. With zoning, an administrator can specify groups (called zones) of Fibre Channel devices (such as host-bus adapters, specified by worldwide name), and SPs between which the switch will allow communication.
About Switched Shared Storage and SANs (Storage Area Networks) 1-11
1
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
Storage Groups
However, switch zoning cannot selectively control data access to
LUNs in a storage system, because each SP appears as a single Fibre
Channel device to the switch. So switch zoning can prevent or allow communication with an SP, but not with specific disks or LUNs attached to an SP. For access control with LUNs, a different solution is required: Storage Groups.
A Storage Group is one or more LUNs (logical units) within a storage system that is reserved for one or more servers and is inaccessible to other servers. Storage Groups are the central component of shared storage; storage systems that are unshared do not use Storage
Groups.
When you configure shared storage, you specify servers and the
Storage Group(s) each server can read from and/or write to. The Base
Software firmware running in each storage system enforces the server-to-Storage Group permissions.
A Storage Group can be accessed by more than one server if all the servers run cluster software. The cluster software enforces orderly access to the shared Storage Group LUNs.
The following figure shows a simple shared storage configuration consisting of one storage system with two Storage Groups. One
Storage Group serves a cluster of two servers running the same operating system, and the other Storage Group serves a UNIX database server. Each server is configured with two independent paths to its data, including separate host-bus adapters, switches, and
SPs, so there is no single point of failure for access to its data.
1-12 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
1
Highly available cluster
File Server
Operating system A
Mail Server
Operating system A
Database Server
Operating system B
Switch fabric Switch fabric
Cluster
Storage Group
Database Server
Storage Group
SP A
LUN
LUN
LUN
LUN
LUN
LUN
LUN
SP B
Physical storage systems with up to
100 disks per storage system
Path 1
Path 2
Figure 1-10 Sample SAN Configuration
Access Control with Shared Storage
Access control permits or restricts a server’s access to shared storage.
There are two kinds of access control:
• Configuration access control
• Data access control
Configuration access control lets you restrict the servers through which a user can send configuration commands to an attached storage system.
Data access control is provided by Storage Groups. During storage system configuration, using a management utility, the system administrator associates a server with one or more LUNs.
Each server sees its Storage Group as if it were an entire storage system, and never sees the other LUNs on the storage system.
Therefore, it cannot access or modify data on LUNs that are not part of its Storage Group. However, you can define a Storage Group to be accessible by more than one server, if, as shown above, the servers run cluster software.
About Switched Shared Storage and SANs (Storage Area Networks) 1-13
1
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
The following figure shows both data access control (Storage Groups) and configuration access control. Each server has exclusive read and write access to its designated Storage Group. Of the four servers connected to the SAN, only the Admin server can send configuration commands to the storage system.
Highly available cluster
Admin server
Operating system A
Inventory server E-mail server
Operating system A
Operating system B
Web server
Operating system B
01
02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Switch fabric
Switch fabric
Admin Storage Group
Dedicated
Data access by adapters 01, 02
Inventory Storage Group
Dedicated
Data access by adapters 03, 04
E-mail and Web server
Storage Group
Shared
Data access by
adapters 05, 06, 07, 08
SP A
LUN
LUN
LUN
LUN
LUN
LUN
LUN
LUN
LUN
LUN
SP B
Configuation access, by adapters 01and 02
(Admin server only)
Figure 1-11 Data and Configuration Access Control with Shared Storage
1-14 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
1
Storage System Hardware for Shared Storage
For shared storage, you need a Disk-array Processor Enclosure (DPE) storage system.
A DPE is a 10-slot enclosure with hardware RAID features provided by one or two storage processors (SPs). For shared storage, two SPs are required. In addition to its own disks, a DPE can support up to nine 10-slot Disk Array Enclosures (DAEs) for a total of 100 disks.
DAE
DAE
DAE
DPE
Standby power supply (SPS)
Figure 1-12 Storage System with a DPE and Three DAEs
EMC1741
About Switched Shared Storage and SANs (Storage Area Networks) 1-15
1
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
About Unshared Storage
Unshared storage systems are less costly and less complex than shared storage systems. They offer many shared storage system features; for example, you can use multiple unshared storage systems with multiple servers. However, with multiple servers, unshared storage offers less flexibility and security than shared storage, since any user with write access to a privileged server’s files can enable access to any storage system.
Storage System Hardware for Unshared Storage
For unshared storage, there are four types of storage system, each using the FC-AL protocol. Each type is available in a rackmount or deskside (office) version.
• Disk-array Processor Enclosure (DPE) storage systems. A DPE is a 10-slot enclosure with hardware RAID features provided by one or two storage processors (SPs). In addition to its own disks, a
DPE can support up to 110 additional disks in 10-slot Disk Array
Enclosures (DAEs) for a total of 120 disks. This is the same type of storage system used for shared storage, but it has a different SP and different Core Software.
• Intelligent Disk Array Enclosure (iDAE). An iDAE, like a DPE, has SPs and thus all the features of a DPE, but is thinner and has a limit of 30 disks.
• Disk Array Enclosure (DAE). A DAE does not have SPs. A DAE can connect to a DPE or an iDAE, or you can use it without SPs. A
DAE used without an SP does not inherently include RAID, but can operate as a RAID device using software running on the server system. Such a DAE is also known as Just a Box of Disks, or
JBOD.
1-16 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
1
Disk-array processor enclosure (DPE)
Deskside DPE with DAE
Rackmount DPE, one enclosure, supports up to 9 DAEs
30-slot deskside
Intelligent disk-array enclosure (iDAE)
10-slot deskside Rackmount
Figure 1-13 Storage System Hardware for Unshared Storage
What Next?
For information about RAID types and RAID tradeoffs, continue to the next chapter. To plan LUNs and file systems for shared storage,
skip to Chapter 3; or for unshared storage, Chapter 4. For details on
the storage-system hardware — shared and unshared — skip to
Chapter 5. For storage-system management utilities, skip to
About Unshared Storage 1-17
1
About Fibre Channel Storage Systems and Networks (SANs)
1-18 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
2
RAID Types and
Tradeoffs
This chapter explains RAID types you can choose for your storage system LUNs. If you already know about RAID types and know which ones you want, you can skip this background information and
• Introducing RAID ..............................................................................2-2
• RAID Benefits and Tradeoffs ..........................................................2-12
• Guidelines for RAID Types.............................................................2-17
• Sample Applications for RAID Types ...........................................2-19
This chapter applies primarily to storage systems with storage processors
(SPs). For a storage system without SPs (a DAE-only or JBOD system), RAID types are limited by the RAID software you run on the server. The RAID terms and definitions used here conform to generally accepted standards.
RAID Types and Tradeoffs 2-1
2
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
Introducing RAID
Disk Striping
Mirroring
The storage system uses RAID (redundant array of independent disks) technology. RAID technology groups separate disks into one logical unit (LUN) to improve reliability and/or performance.
The storage system supports five RAID levels and two other disk configurations, the individual unit and the hot spare (global spare).
You group the disks into one RAID Group by binding them using a storage-system management utility.
Four of the RAID types use disk striping and two use mirroring.
Using disk stripes, the storage-system hardware can read from and write to multiple disks simultaneously and independently. By allowing several read/write heads to work on the same task at once, disk striping can enhance performance. The amount of information read from or written to each disk makes up the stripe element size.
The stripe size is the stripe element size multiplied by the number of disks in a group. For example, assume a stripe element size of 128 sectors (the default) and a five-disk group. The group has five disks, so you would multiply five by the stripe element size of 128 to yield a stripe size of 640 sectors.
The storage system uses disk striping with most RAID types.
Mirroring maintains a second (and optionally through software, a third) copy of a logical disk image that provides continuous access if the original image becomes inaccessible. The system and user applications continue running on the good image without interruption. There are two kinds of mirroring: hardware mirroring, in which the SP synchronizes the disk images; and software mirroring, in which the operating system synchronizes the images.
Software mirroring consumes server resources, since the operating system must mirror the images, and has no offsetting advantages; we mention it here only for historical completeness.
With a storage system, you can create a hardware mirror by binding disks as a RAID 1 mirrored pair or a RAID 1/0 Group (a mirrored
RAID 0 Group); the hardware will then mirror the disks automatically.
2-2 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
2
RAID Groups and
LUNs
Some RAID types let you create multiple LUNs on one RAID Group.
You can then allot each LUN to a different user, server, or application.
For example, a five-disk RAID 5 Group that uses 36-Gbyte disks offers 144 Gbytes of space. You could bind three LUNs, say with 24,
60, and 60 Gbytes of storage capacity, for temporary, mail, and customer files.
One disadvantage of multiple LUNs on a RAID Group is that I/O to each LUN may affect I/O to the others in the group; that is, if traffic to one LUN is very heavy, I/O performance with other LUNs may degrade. The main advantage of multiple LUNs per RAID Group is the ability to divide the enormous amount of disk space provided by
RAID Groups on newer, high-capacity disks.
RAID Group
LUN 0 temp
LUN 1 mail
LUN 2 customers
Disk
LUN 0 temp
LUN 1 mail
LUN 2 customers
Disk
LUN 0 temp
LUN 1 mail
LUN 2 customers
Disk
LUN 0 temp
LUN 1 mail
LUN 2 customers
Disk
LUN 0 temp
LUN 1 mail
LUN 2 customers
Disk
EMC1814
Figure 2-1 Multiple LUNs in a RAID Group
Introducing RAID 2-3
2
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
RAID Types
You can choose from the following RAID types: RAID 5, RAID 3,
RAID 1, RAID 0, RAID 1/0, individual disk unit, and hot spare.
RAID 5 Group (Individual Access Array)
A RAID 5 Group usually consists of five disks (but can have three to sixteen). A RAID 5 Group uses disk striping. With a RAID 5 Group on a full-fibre storage system, you can create up to 32 RAID 5 LUNs to apportion disk space to different users, servers, and applications.
The storage system writes parity information that lets the group continue operating if a disk fails. When you replace the failed disk, the SP rebuilds the group using the information stored on the working disks. Performance is degraded while the SP rebuilds the group. However, the storage system continues to function and gives users access to all data, including data stored on the failed disk.
The following figure shows user and parity data with the default stripe element size of 128 sectors (65,536 bytes) in a five-disk RAID 5
Group. The stripe size comprises all stripe elements. Notice that the disk block addresses in the stripe proceed sequentially from the first disk to the second, third, and fourth, then back to the first, and so on.
2-4 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
2
Stripe element size
Stripe
Blocks
0-127
First disk
512-639 1024-11511536-1663 Parity
…
Second disk
128-255 640-767 1152-1279 Parity 2048-2175
…
Stripe size
256-383 768-895
Third disk
Parity 1664-1791 2176-2303
…
384-511 Parity
Fourth disk
1280-1407 1792-1919 2304-2431
…
User data
Parity data
Parity
Fifth disk
896-1023 1408-1535 1920-2047 2432-2559
…
EMC1815
Figure 2-2 RAID 5 Group
RAID 5 Groups offer excellent read performance and good write performance. Write performance benefits greatly from storage-system caching.
RAID 3 Group (Parallel Access Array)
A RAID 3 Group consists of five or more disks. The hardware always reads from or writes to all the disks. A RAID 3 Group uses disk striping. To maintain the RAID 3 performance, you can create only one LUN per RAID 3 Group.
The storage system writes parity information that lets the group continue operating if a disk fails. When you replace the failed disk, the SP rebuilds the group using the information stored on the working disks. Performance is degraded while the SP rebuilds the group. However, the storage system continues to function and gives users access to all data, including data stored on the failed disk.
RAID Types 2-5
2
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
The following figure shows user and parity data with a data block size of 2 Kbytes in a RAID 3 Group. Notice that the byte addresses proceed from the first disk to the second, third, and fourth, then the first, and so on.
Stripe size
Stripe element size
Data block
Bytes
0-511
First disk
2048-2559 4096-4607 6144-6655 8192-8603
…
Second disk
512-1023 2560-3071 4608-5119 6656-7167 8604-9115
…
Third disk
1024-1535 3072-3583 5120-5631 7168-7679 9116-9627
…
1536-2047
Fourth disk
3584-4095 5632-6143 7680-8191 9628-10139
…
Parity Parity
Fifth disk
Parity Parity Parity
…
User data
Parity data
EMC1816
Figure 2-3 RAID 3 Group
RAID 3 differs from RAID 5 in several important ways. First, in a
RAID 3 Group the hardware processes disk requests serially; whereas in a RAID 5 Group the hardware can interleave disk requests. Second, with a RAID 3 Group, the parity information is stored on one disk; with a RAID 5 Group, it is stored on all disks. Finally, with a RAID 3
Group, the I/O occurs in small units (one sector) to each disk. A
RAID 3 Group works well for single-task applications that use I/Os of blocks larger than 64 Kbytes.
Each RAID 3 Group requires some dedicated SP memory (6 Mbytes recommended per group). This memory is allocated when you create the group and becomes unavailable for storage-system caching. For top performance, we suggest that you do not use RAID 3 Groups with RAID 5, RAID 1/0, or RAID 0 Groups, since SP processing power and memory are best devoted to the RAID 3 Groups. RAID 1 mirrored pairs and individual units require less SP processing power, and therefore work well with RAID 3 Groups.
2-6 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
2
RAID 1 Mirrored Pair
For each write to a RAID 3 Group, the storage system
1. Calculates the parity data.
2. Writes the new user and parity data.
A RAID 1 Group consists of two disks that are mirrored automatically by the storage-system hardware.
RAID 1 hardware mirroring within the storage system is not the same as software mirroring or hardware mirroring for other kinds of disks.
Functionally, the difference is that you cannot manually stop mirroring on a RAID 1 mirrored pair, and then access one of the images independently. If you want to use one of the disks in such a mirror separately, you must unbind the mirror (losing all data on it), rebind the disk in as the type you want, and software format the newly bound LUN.
With a storage system, RAID 1 hardware mirroring has the following advantages:
• automatic operation (you do not have to issue commands to initiate it)
• physical duplication of images
• a rebuild period that you can select during which the SP recreates the second image after a failure
With a RAID 1 mirrored pair, the storage system writes the same data to both disks, as follows.
0
0
1
First disk
2 3
1
Second disk
2 3
4
…
4
…
User data
EMC1817
Figure 2-4 RAID 1 Mirrored Pair
RAID Types 2-7
2
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
RAID 0 Group (Nonredundant Array)
A RAID 0 Group consists of three to a maximum of sixteen disks. A
RAID 0 Group uses disk striping, in which the hardware writes to or reads from multiple disks simultaneously. In a full-fibre storage system, you can create up to 32 LUNs per RAID Group.
Unlike the other RAID levels, with RAID 0 the hardware does not maintain parity information on any disk; this type of group has no inherent data redundancy. RAID 0 offers enhanced performance through simultaneous I/O to different disks.
If the operating system supports software mirroring, you can use software mirroring with the RAID 0 Group to provide high availability. A desirable alternative to RAID 0 is RAID 1/0.
RAID 1/0 Group (Mirrored RAID 0 Group)
A RAID 1/0 Group consists of four, six, eight, ten, twelve, fourteen, or sixteen disks. These disks make up two mirror images, with each image including two to eight disks. The hardware automatically mirrors the disks. A RAID 1/0 Group uses disk striping. It combines the speed advantage of RAID 0 with the redundancy advantage of mirroring. With a RAID 1/0 Group on a full-fibre storage system, you can create up to 32 RAID 5 LUNs to apportion disk space to different users, servers, and applications.
The following figure shows the distribution of user data with the default stripe element size of 128 sectors (65,536 bytes) in a six-disk
RAID 1/0 Group. Notice that the disk block addresses in the stripe proceed sequentially from the first mirrored disks (first and fourth disks) to the second mirrored disks (second and fifth disks), to the third mirrored disks (third and sixth disks), and then from the first mirrored disks, and so on.
2-8 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
2
Stripe size
Stripe element size
Stripe
Blocks
0-127
First disk of primary image
384-511 768-895 1152-1279 1536-1663
…
128-255
Second disk of primary image
512-639 896-1023 1280-1407 1664-1791
…
256-383
Third disk of primary image
640-767 1024-1151 1408-1535 1792-1919
…
0-127
First disk of secondary image
384-511 768-895 1152-1279 1536-1663
…
128-255
Second disk of secondary image
512-639 896-1023 1280-1407 1664-1791
…
256-383
Third disk of secondary image
640-767 1024-1151 1408-1535 1792-1919
…
User data
EMC1818
Hot Spare
Figure 2-5 RAID 1/0 Group (Mirrored RAID 0 Group)
A RAID 1/0 Group can survive the failure of multiple disks, providing that one disk in each image pair survives.
Individual Disk Unit
An individual disk unit is a disk bound to be independent of any other disk in the cabinet. An individual unit has no inherent high availability, but you can make it highly available by using software mirroring with another individual unit. You can create one LUN per individual disk unit. If you want to apportion the disk space, you can do so using partitions, file systems, or user directories.
A hot spare is a dedicated replacement disk on which users cannot store information. A hot spare is global: if any disk in a RAID 5
Group, RAID 3 Group, RAID 1 mirrored pair, or RAID 1/0 Group fails, the SP automatically rebuilds the failed disk’s structure on the hot spare. When the SP finishes rebuilding, the disk group functions as usual, using the hot spare instead of the failed disk. When you
RAID Types 2-9
2
RAID Types and Tradeoffs replace the failed disk, the SP copies the data from the former hot spare onto the replacement disk.
When the copy is done, the disk group consists of disks in the original slots, and the SP automatically frees the hot spare to serve as a hot spare again. A hot spare is most useful when you need the highest data availability. It eliminates the time and effort needed for someone to notice that a disk has failed, find a suitable replacement disk, and insert the disk.
When you plan to use a hot spare, make sure the disk has the capacity to serve in any RAID Group in the storage-system chassis. A RAID Group cannot use a hot spare that is smaller than a failed disk in the group.
You can have one or more hot spares per storage-system chassis. You can make any disk in the chassis a hot spare, except for a disk that serves for Core Software storage or the write cache vault. That is, a hot spare can be any of the following disks:
DPE or iDAE system without write caching:
DPE system with write caching: disks 3-119 disks 9-119 iDAE system with write caching:
30-slot SCSI-disk system: disks 5-29 disks A1-E1, A2-E2,
B3-E3, A4-E4
An example of hot spare usage for a deskside DPE storage system follows.
2-10 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
2
6
7
4
5
8
9
2
3
0
1
14
15
16
17
18
19
10
11
12
13
Hot spare
1. RAID 5 group consists of disk modules 0-4; RAID 1 mirrored pair is
modules 5 and 6; hot spare is module 9.
2. Disk module 3 fails.
3. RAID 5 group becomes modules 0, 1, 2, 9, and 4; now no hot spare is
available.
4. System operator replaces failed module 3 with a functional module.
5. RAID 5 group once again is 0-4 and hot spare is 9.
Figure 2-6 How a Hot Spare Works
RAID Types 2-11
2
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
RAID Benefits and Tradeoffs
This section reviews RAID types and explains their benefits and tradeoffs. You can create seven types of LUN:
• RAID 5 Group (individual access array)
• RAID 3 Group (parallel access array)
• RAID 1 mirrored pair
• RAID 1/0 Group (mirrored RAID 0 Group); a RAID 0 Group mirrored by the storage-system hardware
• RAID 0 Group (nonredundant individual access array); no inherent high-availability features, but can be software mirrored if the operating system supports mirroring
• Individual unit; no inherent high-availability features but can be software mirrored, if the operating system supports mirroring
• Hot spare; serves only as an automatic replacement for any disk in a RAID type other than 0; does not store data during normal system operations
Plan the disk unit configurations carefully. After a disk has been bound into a
LUN, you cannot change the RAID type of that LUN without unbinding it, and this means losing all data on it.
The following table compares the read and write performance, tolerance for disk failure, and relative cost per megabyte (Mbyte) of the RAID types. Figures shown are theoretical maximums.
2-12 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
Performance
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
2
Table 2-1 Performance, Availability, and Cost of RAID Types (Individual Unit = 1.0)
Disk configuration
RAID 5 Group with fivedisks
Relative read performance without cache
Relative write performance without cache
Relative cost per
Mbyte
Up to 5 with five disks
(for small I/O requests, 2 to 8 Kbytes)
Up to 1.25 with five disks
(for small I/O requests, 2 to
8 Kbytes)
1.25
RAID 3 Group with fivedisks
Up to 4 (for large I/O requests)
RAID 1 mirrored pair Up to 2
Up to 4 (for large I/O requests)
Up to 1
1.25
2
RAID 1/0 Group with
10 disks
Individual unit
Up to 10 Up to 5
1 1 1
Notes: These performance numbers are not based on storage-system caching. With caching, the performance numbers for RAID 5 writes improve significantly.
Performance multipliers vary with load on server and storage system.
RAID 5, with individual access, provides high read throughput for small requests (blocks of 2 to 8 Kbytes) by allowing simultaneous reads from each disk in the group. RAID 5 write throughput is limited by the need to perform four I/Os per request (I/Os to read and write data and parity information). However, write caching improves RAID 5 write performance.
RAID 3, with parallel access, provides high throughput for sequential, large block-size requests (blocks of more than 64 Kbytes).
With RAID 3, the system accesses all five disks in each request but need not read data and parity before writing – advantageous for large requests but not for small ones. RAID 3 employs SP memory without caching, which means you do not need the second SP and BBU that caching requires.
Generally, the performance of a RAID 3 Group increases as the size of the I/O request increases. Read performance increases rapidly with read requests up to 1Mbyte. Write performance increases greatly for sequential write requests that are greater than 256 Kbytes. For applications issuing very large I/O requests, a RAID 3 LUN provides significantly better write performance than a RAID 5 LUN.
RAID Benefits and Tradeoffs 2-13
2
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
Storage Flexibility
We do not recommend using RAID 3 in the same storage-system chassis with RAID 5 or RAID 1/0.
A RAID 1 mirrored pair has its disks locked in synchronization, but the SP can read data from the disk whose read/write heads are closer to it. Therefore, RAID 1 read performance can be twice that of an individual disk while write performance remains the same as that of an individual disk.
A RAID 0 Group (nonredundant individual access array) or RAID
1/0 Group (mirrored RAID 0 Group) can have as many I/O operations occurring simultaneously as there are disks in the group.
Since RAID 1/0 locks pairs of RAID 0 disks the same way as RAID 1 does, the performance of RAID 1/0 equals the number of disk pairs times the RAID 1 performance number. If you want high throughput for a specific LUN, use a RAID 1/0 or RAID 0 Group. A RAID 1/0
Group requires at least six disks; a RAID 0 Group, at least three disks.
An individual unit needs only one I/O operation per read or write operation.
RAID types 5, 1, 1/0, and 0 allow multiple LUNs per RAID Group. If you create multiple LUNs on a RAID Group, the LUNs share the
RAID Group disks, and the I/O demands of each LUN affect the I/O service time to the other LUNs. For best performance, you may want to use one LUN per RAID Group.
Certain RAID Group types — RAID 5, RAID 1, RAID 1/0, and RAID
0 — let you create up to 32 LUNs in each group. This adds flexibility, particularly with large disks, since it lets you apportion LUNs of various sizes to different servers, applications, and users. Conversely, with RAID 3, there can be only one LUN per RAID Group, and the group must include five or nine disks — a sizable block of storage to devote to one server, application, or user. However, the nature of
RAID 3 makes it ideal for that single-threaded type of application.
Data Availability and Disk Space Usage
If data availability is critical and you cannot afford to wait hours to replace a disk, rebind it, make it accessible to the operating system, and load its information from backup, then use a redundant RAID
Group: RAID 5, RAID 3, RAID 1 mirrored pair, or RAID 1/0. Or bind a RAID 0 Group or individual disk unit that you will later mirror with software mirroring. If data availability is not critical, or disk
2-14 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
2 space usage is critical, bind an individual unit or RAID 0 Group without software mirroring.
A RAID 1 mirrored pair or RAID 1/0 Group provides very high data availability. They are more expensive than RAID 5 or RAID 3 Groups, since only 50 percent of the total disk capacity is available for user
A RAID 5 or RAID 3 Group provides high data availability, but requires more disks than a mirrored pair. In a RAID 5 or RAID 3
Group of five disks, 80 percent of the disk space is available for user data. So RAID 5 and RAID 3 Groups use disk space much more efficiently than a mirrored pair. A RAID 5 or RAID 3 Group is usually more suitable than a RAID 1 mirrored pair for applications where high data availability, good performance, and efficient disk space usage are all of relatively equal importance.
RAID Benefits and Tradeoffs 2-15
2
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
RAID 5 Group
1st disk user and parity data
2nd disk user and parity data
3rd disk user and parity data
4th disk user and parity data
5th disk user and parity data
RAID 3 Group
1st disk user data
2nd disk user data
3rd disk user data
4th disk user data
5th disk parity data
Disk Mirror (RAID 1 mirrored pair)
1st disk user data
2nd disk user data
50% user data
50% redundant data
100% user data
80% user data
20% parity data
RAID 0 Group
(nonredundant array)
1st disk user data
2nd disk user data
3rd disk user data
Hot Spare
Reserved
50% user data
50% redundant data
RAID 1/0 Group
1st disk user data
2nd disk user data
3rd disk user data
4th disk user data
5th disk user data
6th disk user data
Individual Disk Unit
User data 100% user data No user data
EMC1820
Figure 2-7 Disk Space Usage in the RAID Configurations
A RAID 0 Group (nonredundant individual access array) provides all its disk space for user files, but does not provide any high availability features.
A RAID 1/0 Group provides the best combination of performance and availability, at the highest cost per Mbyte of disk space.
An individual unit, like a RAID 0 Group, provides no high-availability features. All its disk space is available for user data, as shown in the figure above.
2-16 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
2
Guidelines for RAID Types
To decide when to use a RAID 5 Group, RAID 3 Group, mirror (that is, a RAID 1 mirrored pair or RAID 1/0 Group), a RAID 0 Group, individual disk unit, or hot spare, you need to weigh these factors:
• Importance of data availability
• Importance of performance
• Amount of data stored
• Cost of disk space
The following guidelines will help you decide on RAID types.
Use a RAID 5 Group (individual access array) for applications where
• Data availability is very important
• Large volumes of data will be stored
• Multitask applications use I/O transfers of different sizes
• Good read and moderate write performance are important (write caching can improve (RAID 5 write performance)
• You want the flexibility of multiple LUNs per RAID Group
Use a RAID 3 Group (parallel access array) for applications where
• Data availability is very important
• Large volumes of data will be stored
• A single-task application uses large I/O transfers (more than 64
Kbytes). The operating system must allow transfers aligned to start at disk addresses that are multiples of 2 Kbytes from the start of the LUN.
Use a RAID 1 mirrored pair for applications where
• Data availability is very important
• Speed of write access is important and write activity is heavy
Use a RAID 1/0 Group (mirrored nonredundant array) for applications where
• Data availability is critically important
• Overall performance is very important
Guidelines for RAID Types 2-17
2
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
Use a RAID 0 Group (nonredundant individual access array) for applications where
• High availability is not important
• Overall performance is very important
Use an individual unit for applications where
• High availability is not important
• Speed of write access is somewhat important
Use a hot spare where
• In any RAID 5, RAID 3, RAID 1/0 or RAID 1 Group, high availability is so important that you want to regain data redundancy quickly without human intervention if any disk in the Group fails
• Minimizing the degraded performance caused by disk failure in a
RAID 5 or RAID 3 Group is important
2-18 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
2
Sample Applications for RAID Types
This section describes some types of applications in which you would want to use a RAID 5 Group, RAID 3 Group, RAID 1 mirrored pair,
RAID 0 Group (nonredundant array), RAID 1/0 Group, or individual unit.
RAID 5 Group (individual access array) — Useful as a database repository or a database server that uses a normal or low percentage of write operations (writes are 33 percent or less of all I/O operations). Use a RAID 5 Group where multitask applications perform I/O transfers of different sizes. Write caching can significantly enhance the write performance of a RAID 5 Group.
For example, a RAID 5 Group is suitable for multitasking applications that require a large history database with a high read rate, such as a database of legal cases, medical records, or census information. A RAID 5 Group also works well with transaction processing applications, such as an airline reservations system, where users typically read the information about several available flights before making a reservation, which requires a write operation. You could also use a RAID 5 Group in a retail environment, such as a supermarket, to hold the price information accessed by the point-of-sale terminals. Even though the price information may be updated daily, requiring many write operations, it is read many more times during the day.
RAID 3 Group — A RAID 3 Group (parallel access array) works well with a single-task application that uses large I/O transfers (more than
64 Kbytes), aligned to start at a disk address that is a multiple of 2
Kbytes from the beginning of the logical disk. RAID 3 Groups can use
SP memory to great advantage without the second SP and battery backup unit required for storage-system caching.
You might use a RAID 3 Group for a single-task application that does large I/O transfers, like a weather tracking system, geologic charting application, medical imaging system, or video storage application.
RAID 1 mirrored pair — A RAID 1 mirrored pair is useful for logging or record-keeping applications because it requires fewer disks than a RAID 0 Group (nonredundant array) and provides high availability and fast write access. Or you could use it to store daily updates to a database that resides on a RAID 5 Group, and then, during off-peak hours, copy the updates to the database on the
RAID 5 Group.
Sample Applications for RAID Types 2-19
2
RAID Types and Tradeoffs
What Next?
RAID 0 Group (nonredundant individual access array) — Use a
RAID 0 Group where the best overall performance is important. In terms of high availability, a RAID 0 Group is less available than an individual unit. A RAID 0 Group (like a RAID 5 Group) requires a minimum of three disks. A RAID 0 Group serves well for an application that uses short-term data to which users need quick access.
RAID 1/0 Group (mirrored RAID 0 Group) — A RAID 1/0 Group provides the best balance of performance and availability. You can use it very effectively for any of the RAID 5 applications. A RAID 1/0
Group requires a minimum of four disks.
Individual unit — An individual unit is useful for print spooling, user file exchange areas, or other such applications, where high availability is not important or where the information stored is easily restorable from backup.
The performance of an individual unit is slightly less than a standard disk not in an storage system. The slight degradation results from SP overhead.
Hot spare — A hot spare provides no data storage but enhances the availability of each RAID 5, RAID 3, RAID 1, and RAID 1/0 Group in a storage system. Use a hot spare where you must regain high availability quickly without human intervention if any disk in such a
RAID Group fails. A hot spare also minimizes the period of degraded performance after a RAID 5 or RAID 3 disk fails.
This chapter explained RAID Group types and tradeoffs. To plan
LUNs and file systems for shared storage, continue to Chapter 3; or
for unshared storage, skip to Chapter 4. For details on storage-
system hardware — shared and unshared — skip to Chapter 5.
For storage-system management utilities, skip to Chapter 6.
2-20 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
3
Planning File Systems and LUNs with Shared
Switched Storage
This chapter shows a sample RAID, LUN, and Storage Group configuration with shared storage, and then provides worksheets for planning your own shared storage installation. Topics are
• Dual Paths to LUNs ...........................................................................3-2
• Sample Shared Switched Installation..............................................3-3
• Planning Applications, LUNs, and Storage Groups .....................3-6
Planning File Systems and LUNs with Shared Switched Storage 3-1
3
Planning File Systems and LUNs with Shared Switched Storage
Dual Paths to LUNs
A shared storage system includes two or more servers, one or two
Fibre Channel switches, and one or more storage systems, each with two SPs and Access Logix software.
With shared storage, there are two paths to each LUN in the storage system. The storage-system software, using optional software called
Application Transparent Failover (ATF), can automatically switch to the other path if a device (such as a host-bus adapter or cable) fails.
With unshared storage, if the server has two adapters and the storage system has two SPs, ATF software is available as an option. With two adapters and two SPs, ATF can perform the same function as with shared systems: automatically switch to the other path if a device
(such as host bus adapter or cable) fails.
3-2 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
Planning File Systems and LUNs with Shared Switched Storage
3
Sample Shared Switched Installation
The following figure shows a sample shared switched
(high-availability) storage system connected to three servers: two servers in a cluster and one server running a database management program.
Highly available cluster
File Server (FS) Mail Server(MS)
Operating Operating system A system A
Database Server(DS)
Operating system B
Switch fabric Switch fabric
Private storage
SP A
FS R5
Files A
SP B
FS R5
Files B
Disk IDs
4_0-4_9
MS R5
ISP A mail
MS R5
ISP B mail
3_0-3_9
Cluster
Storage Group
Database Server
Storage Group
MS R5
Users
DS R5
Users
MS R5
Specs
2_0-2_9
DS R5
Dbase2
1_0-1_9
DS R5 (6 disks) Dbase1
0_0-0_9
Path 1
Path 2
Figure 3-1 Sample Shared Switched High Availability installation
Sample Shared Switched Installation 3-3
3
Planning File Systems and LUNs with Shared Switched Storage
The storage-system disk IDs and server Storage Group LUNs are as follows.
Clustered System LUNs
Database Server LUNs (DS) - SP A
File Server LUNs (FS) - SP B Mail Server LUNs (MS) - SP A
Disk IDs RAID type, storage type
4_0-4_4 RAID 5, Files A
4_5-4_9 RAID 5, Files B
Disk IDs RAID type, storage type
2_0-2_4 RAID 5, ISP A mail
2_5-2_9 RAID 5, ISP B mail
3_0-3_4 RAID 5, Users
3_5-3_9 RAID 5, Specs
Disk IDs RAID type, storage type
0_0, 0_ 1 RAID 1, Log file for database Dbase1
0_4-0_9 RAID 5 (6 disks), Dbase1
1_0-1_4 RAID 5, Users
1_5-1_9 RAID 5, Dbase2
6_0, 6_1 – Hot spare (automatically replaces a failed disk in any server’s LUN)
With 36-Megabyte disks, the LUN storage capacities and drive names are as follows.
File Server — 288 Gbytes on two LUN s
FS R5
FilesA
Unit U on five disks bound as a RAID 5 Group for
144 Gbytes of storage; for file storage.
FS R5
FilesB
Unit V on five disks bound as a RAID 5 Group for
144 Gbytes of storage; for file storage.
3-4 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
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3
Mail Server — 576 Gbytes on four LUNs
MS R5
ISP mail
Unit O on five disks bound as a RAID 5 Group for
144 Gbytes of storage; for the mail delivered via ISP A.
MS R5
ISP mail
Unit P on five disks bound as a RAID 5 Group for
144 Gbytes of storage; for the mail delivered via ISP B.
MSR5
Users
Unit Q on five disks bound as a RAID 5 Group for
144 Gbytes of storage; for user directories and files.
MS R5
Specs
Unit R on five disks bound as a RAID 5 Group for
144 Gbytes of storage; for specifications.
Database Server — 416 Gbytes on four LUNs
DS R5
Users
Unit users on five disks bound as a RAID 5 Group for
144 Gbytes of storage; for user directories.
DS R5
Dbase2 Unit dbase2 on five disks bound as a RAID 5 Group for 144 Gbytes of storage; for the second database system.
DS R1
Logs
Unit logfiles on two disks bound as a RAID 1 mirrored pair for 36 Gbytes of storage; for the database log files.
DS R5
Dbase1
Unit dbase on six disks bound as a RAID 5 Group for
180 Gbytes of storage; for the primary database system.
Sample Shared Switched Installation 3-5
3
Planning File Systems and LUNs with Shared Switched Storage
Planning Applications, LUNs, and Storage Groups
This section helps you plan your shared storage use — the applications to run, the LUNs that will hold them, and the Storage
Groups that will belong to each server. The worksheets to help you do this include
• Application and LUN planning worksheet - lets you outline your storage needs.
• LUN and Storage Group planning worksheet - lets you decide on the disks to compose the LUNs and the LUNs to compose the
Storage Groups for each server.
• LUN details worksheet - lets you plan each LUN in detail.
Make as many copies of each blank worksheet as you need. You will need this information later when you configure the shared storage system.
Sample worksheets appear later in this chapter.
Application and LUN Planning
Use the following worksheet to list the applications you will run and the RAID type and size of LUN to hold them. For each application that will run in the SAN, write the application name, file system (if any), RAID type, LUN ID (ascending integers, starting with 0), disk space required, and finally the name of the servers and operating systems that will use the LUN.
3-6 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
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3
Application and LUN Planning Worksheet
Application
File system, partition, or drive
RAID type of
LUN
LUN
ID (hex)
Disk space required
(Gbytes)
Server name and operating system
Application
Mail 1
Mail 2
Database index
A sample worksheet begins as follows:
File system, partition, or drive
RAID type of
LUN
RAID 5
RAID 5
LUN
ID (hex)
0
1
RAID 1 2
Disk space required
(Gbytes)
72 Gb
72 Gb
18 Gb
Server name and operating system
Server1, NT
Server1, NT
Server2, NT
Completing the Application and LUN Planning Worksheet
Application . Enter the application name or type.
File system, partition , or drive. Write the drive letter (for Windows only) and the partition, file system, logical volume, or drive letter name, if any.
With a Windows operating system, the LUNs are identified by drive letter only. The letter does not help you identify the disk configuration (such as RAID 5). We suggest that later, when you use the operating system to create a partition on a LUN, you use the disk administrator software to assign a volume label that describes the
RAID configuration. For example, for drive T, assign the volume ID
RAID5_T . The volume label will then identify the drive letter.
Planning Applications, LUNs, and Storage Groups 3-7
3
Planning File Systems and LUNs with Shared Switched Storage
RAID type of LUN . This is the RAID Group type you want for this partition, file system, or logical volume. The features of RAID types
are explained in Chapter 2. For a RAID 5, RAID 1, RAID 1/0, and
RAID 0 Group, you can create one or more LUNs on the RAID
Group. For other RAID types, you can create only one LUN per RAID
Group.
LUN ID. The LUN ID is a hexadecimal number assigned when you bind the disks into a LUN. By default, the ID of the first LUN bound is 0, the second 1, and so on. Each LUN ID must be unique within the storage system, regardless of its Storage Group or RAID Group.
The maximum number of LUNs supported on one host-bus adapter depends on the operating system.
Disk space required (Gbytes) . Consider the largest amount of disk space this application will need, then add a factor for growth.
Server hostname and operating system . Enter the server hostname
(or, if you don’t know the name, a short description that identifies the server) and the operating system name, if you know it.
LUN and Storage Group Planning Worksheet
Use the following worksheet to select the disks that will make up the
LUNs and Storage Groups in the SAN. A shared storage system can include up to 100 disks, numbered 0 through 99, left to right from the bottom up.
3-8 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
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LUN and Storage Group Planning Worksheet
11_0 11_1 11_211_3 11_4 11_5 11_6 11_7 11_811_9
10_0 10_1 10_210_3 10_4 10_5 10_6 10_7 10_8 10_9
9_0 9_1 9_2 9_3 9_4 9_5 9_6 9_7 9_8 9_9
8_0 8_1 8_2 8_3 8_4 8_5 8_6 8_7 8_8 9_9
7_0 7_1 7_2 7_3 7_4 7_5 7_6 7_7 7_8 7_9
6_0 6_1 6_2 6_3 6_4 6_5 6_6 6_7 6_8 6_9
5_0 5_1 5_2 5_3 5_4 5_5 5_6 5_7 5_8 5_9
4_0 4_1 4_2 4_3 4_4 4_5 4_6 4_7 4_8 4_9
3_0 3_1 3_2 3_3 3_4 3_5 3_6 3_7 3_8 3_9
2_0 2_1 2_2 2_3 2_4 2_5 2_6 2_7 2_8 2_9
1_0 1_1 1_2 1_3 1_4 1_5 1_6 1_7 1_8 1_9
0_0 0_1 0_2 0_3 0_4 0_5 0_6 0_7 0_8 0_9
Storage system number or name:_______________
Storage Group ID or name:______ Server hostname:_____________________ Dedicated Shared
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
Storage Group ID or name:______ Server hostname:_____________________ Dedicated Shared
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
Storage Group ID or name:______ Server hostname:_____________________ Dedicated Shared
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
Planning Applications, LUNs, and Storage Groups 3-9
3
Planning File Systems and LUNs with Shared Switched Storage
Part of a sample LUN and Storage Group worksheet follows.
3_0 3_1 3_2 3_3 3_4 3_5 3_6 3_7 3_8 3_9
2_0 2_1 2_2 2_3 2_4 2_5 2_6 2_7 2_8 2_9
LUN 2
RAID 1
1_0 1_1 1_2 1_3 1_4 1_5 1_6 1_7 1_8 1_9
LUN 0
RAID 5
0_0 0_1 0_2 0_3 0_4 0_5 0_6 0_7 0_8 0_9 LUN 1
RAID 5
SS1
Mail 1 Server1
X
0
5 72 0_0, 0_1, 0_2, 0_3, 0_4
5
72 0_5, 0_6, 0_7, 0_8, 0_9
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs______________________________
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs______________________________
Index1
1
18
1_0, 1_1
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs______________________________
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs______________________________
LUN ID or name_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs______________________________
Completing the LUN and Storage Group Planning Worksheet
As shown, draw circles around the disks that will compose each
LUN, and within each circle specify the RAID type (for example,
RAID 5) and LUN ID. This is information you will use to bind the disks into LUNs. For disk IDs, use the form shown. This form is
enclosure_diskID, where enclosure is the enclosure number (the bottom one is 0, above it 1, and so on) and diskID is the disk position (left is 0, next is 1, and so on).
None of the disks 0_0 through 0_8 may be used as a hot spare.
Next, complete as many of the Storage System sections as needed for all the Storage Groups in the SAN. Copy the (blank) worksheet as needed for all Storage Groups in each storage system.
A storage system is any group of enclosures connected to a DPE; it can include up to 11 DAE enclosures for a total of 120 disks. If a
3-10 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
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3
Storage Group will be dedicated (not accessible by another system in a cluster), mark the Dedicated box at the end of its line; if the Storage
Group will be accessible to one or more other servers in a cluster, write the hostnames of all servers and mark the Shared box.
LUN Details Worksheet
Use the following LUN details worksheet to plan the individual
LUNs. Complete as many of these as needed for all LUNs in your
SAN.
Planning Applications, LUNs, and Storage Groups 3-11
3
Planning File Systems and LUNs with Shared Switched Storage
LUN Details Worksheet
Storage system (complete this section once for each storage system)
Storage-system number or name:______
Storage-system installation type
❏ Unshared Direct ❏ Shared-or-Clustered Direct ❏ Shared Switched
SP FC-AL address ID (unshared only): SP A:_____SP B:_____
SP memory (Mbytes):
❏ Use for caching
❏ Use for RAID 3
SP A:___ SP B:____
Read cache size:__ MB Write cache size: __ MB Cache page size:___KB
RAID Group ID: Size,GB:
LUN ID:_____
LUN size,GB: Disk IDs:
RAID type: ❏ RAID 5
❏ RAID 1/0
❏
❏
RAID 3 - Memory, MB:___
Individual disk
Caching: ❏ Read and write ❏ Write ❏ Read ❏ None
❏ A ❏ B
❏ RAID 1 mirrored pair ❏ RAID 0
❏ Hot spare
SP:
Servers that can access this LUN:
Operating system information: Device name: File system, partition, or drive:
LUN ID:____
RAID Group ID: Size,GB: LUN size,GB: Disk IDs:
RAID type: ❏ RAID 5
❏ RAID 1/0
❏
❏
RAID 3 - Memory, MB:___
Individual disk
Caching: ❏ Read and write ❏ Write ❏ Read ❏ None
Servers that can access this LUN:
Operating system information: Device name:
❏ A ❏ B
❏ RAID 1 mirrored pair ❏ RAID 0
❏ Hot spare
SP:
File system, partition, or drive:
RAID Group ID: Size,GB:
LUN ID:____
LUN size,GB: Disk IDs:
RAID type: ❏ RAID 5
❏ RAID 1/0
❏
❏
RAID 3 - Memory, MB:___
Individual disk
Caching: ❏ Read and write ❏ Write ❏ Read ❏ None
Servers that can access this LUN:
Operating system information: Device name:
❏ A ❏ B
❏ RAID 1 mirrored pair ❏ RAID 0
❏ Hot spare
SP:
File system, partition, or drive:
3-12 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
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LUN Details Worksheet
Storage system (complete this section once for each storage system)
Storage-system number or name:__ SS1 ____
Storage-system installation type
❏ Unshared Direct ❏ Shared-or-Clustered Direct
X
Shared Switched
SP FC-AL address ID (unshared only): SP A:_____SP B:_____
SP memory (Mbytes): SP A:_ 256 __ SP B:_ 256 __
❏ Use for caching
❏ Use for RAID 3
Read cache size:_ 80 _ MB Write cache size: _ 160 _ MB Cache page size:_ 2 __KB
LUN ID:__ 0 ___
RAID Group ID: 0 Size,GB: 72 LUN size,GB: 72 Disk IDs:
RAID type:
X
RAID 5
❏ RAID 1/0
❏ RAID 3 - Memory, MB:___
❏ Individual disk
Caching:
X
Read and write ❏ Write ❏ Read ❏ None
Servers that can access this LUN: Server1
0_0,0_1,0_2,0_3,0_4 SP:
X
A ❏ B
❏ RAID 1 mirrored pair ❏ RAID 0
❏ Hot spare
Operating system information: Device name: File system, partition, or drive: T
RAID Group ID:
LUN ID:__ 1 __
0_5, 0_6, 0_7, 0_8, 0_9
1 Size,GB: 72 LUN size,GB: 72 Disk IDs: SP:
X
A ❏ B
RAID type:
X
RAID 5
❏ RAID 1/0
❏ RAID 3 - Memory, MB:___
❏ Individual disk
❏ RAID 1 mirrored pair ❏ RAID 0
❏ Hot spare
Caching: X Read and write ❏ Write ❏ Read ❏ None
Servers that can access this LUN: Server1
Operating system information: Device name: File system, partition, or drive: U
LUN ID:__ 2 __
RAID Group ID: 2 Size,GB:
RAID type:
X
❏
RAID 5
RAID 1/0
LUN size,GB: 18 Disk IDs:
❏ RAID 3 - Memory, MB:___
❏ Individual disk
Caching: ❏ Read and write ❏ Write ❏ Read ❏ None
Servers that can access this LUN: Server1
Operating system information: Device name:
1_0, 1_1
File system, partition, or drive:
SP: ❏ A
X
B
X
RAID 1 mirrored pair ❏ RAID 0
❏ Hot spare
V
Planning Applications, LUNs, and Storage Groups 3-13
3
Planning File Systems and LUNs with Shared Switched Storage
Completing the LUN Details Worksheet
Complete the header portion of the worksheet for each storage system as described below. Copy the blank worksheet as needed.
Storage-system entries
Storage-system installation type , specify Shared Switched storage.
SP FC-AL address ID . This does not apply to shared storage, in which the switch determines the address of each device.
Use memory for caching. You can use SP memory for read/write caching or RAID 3. (Using both caching and RAID 3 in the same storage system is not recommended.) You can use different cache settings for different times of day (for example, for user I/O during the day, use more write cache; for sequential batch jobs at night, use more read cache. You enable caching for specific LUNs
— allowing you to tailor your cache resources according to priority. If you choose caching, check the box and continue to the next step; for RAID 3, skip to the RAID Group ID entry.
Read cache size.
If you want a read cache, it should generally be about one third of the total available cache memory.
Write cache size.
The write cache should be two thirds of the total available. Some memory is required for system overhead, so you cannot determine a precise figure at this time. For example, for
256 Mbytes of total memory, you might have 240 Mbytes available, and you would specify 80 Mbytes for the read cache and 160 Mbytes for the write cache.
Cache page size. This applies to both read and write caches. It can be 2, 4, 8, or 16 Kbytes. As a general guideline, we suggest
• For a general-purpose file server — 8 Kbytes
• For a database application — 2 or 4 Kbytes
The ideal cache page size depends on the operating system and application.
Use memory for RAID 3 . If you want to use the SP memory for
RAID 3, check the box.
RAID Group/LUN Entries
Complete a RAID Group/LUN entry for each LUN and hot spare.
3-14 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
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3
LUN ID . The LUN ID is a hexadecimal number assigned when you bind the disks into a LUN. By default, the ID of the first LUN bound is 0, the second 1, and so on. Each LUN ID must be unique within the storage system, regardless of its Storage Group or
RAID Group.
The maximum number of LUNs supported on one host-bus adapter depends on the operating system.
RAID Group ID . This ID is a hexadecimal number assigned when you create the RAID Group. By default, the number of the first RAID Group in a storage system is 0, the second 1, and so on, up to the maximum of 1F (31).
Size (RAID Group size). Enter the user-available capacity in gigabytes (Gbytes) of the whole RAID Group. You can determine the capacity as follows:
RAID5 or RAID-3 Group: disk-size * (number-of-disks - 1)
RAID 1/0 or RAID-1 Group: (disk-size * number-of-disks) / 2
RAID 0 Group:
Individual unit: disk-size * number-of-disks disk-size
For example,
• A five-disk RAID 5 or RAID 3 Group of 36-Gbyte disks holds
144 Gbytes;
• An eight-disk RAID 1/0 Group of 36-Gbyte disks also holds
144 Gbytes;
• A RAID 1 mirrored pair of 36-Gbyte disks holds 36 Gbytes; and
• An individual disk of an 36-Gbyte disk also holds 36 Gbytes.
Each disk in the RAID Group must have the same capacity; otherwise, you will waste disk storage space.
LUN size . Enter the user-available capacity in gigabytes (Gbytes) of the LUN. You can make this the same size as the RAID Group, above. Or, for a RAID 5, RAID 1, RAID 1/0, or RAID 0 Group, you can make the LUN smaller than the RAID Group. You might do this if you wanted a RAID 5 Group with a large capacity and wanted to place many smaller capacity LUNs on it; for example, to specify a LUN for each user. However, having multiple LUNs
Planning Applications, LUNs, and Storage Groups 3-15
3
Planning File Systems and LUNs with Shared Switched Storage
Table 3-1 per RAID Group may adversely impact performance. If you want multiple LUNs per RAID Group, then use a RAID Group/LUN series of entries for each LUN.
Disk IDs . Enter the ID(s) of all disks that will make up the LUN or hot spare. These are the same disk IDs you specified on the previous worksheet. For example, for a RAID 5 Group in the DPE
(enclosure 0, disks 2 through 6), enter 0_2, 0_3, 0_4, 0_5, and 0_6.
SP . Specify the SP that will own the LUN: SP A or SP B. You can let the management program automatically select the SP to balance the workload between SPs; to do so, leave this entry blank.
RAID type . Copy the RAID type from the previous worksheet.
For example, RAID 5 or hot spare. For a hot spare (not strictly speaking a LUN at all), skip the rest of this LUN entry and continue to the next LUN entry (if any).
If this is a RAID 3 Group, specify the amount of SP memory for that group. To work efficiently, each RAID 3 Group needs at least
6 Mbytes of memory.
Caching
. If you want to use caching (entry on page 3-14), you can
specify whether you want caching — read and write, read, or write for this LUN. Generally, write caching improves performance far more than read caching. The ability to specify caching on a LUN basis provides additional flexibility, since you can use caching for only the units that will benefit from it. Read and write caching recommendations follow.
Cache Recommendations for Different RAID Types
RAID 5 RAID 3
Highly Recommended Not allowed
RAID 1 RAID 1/0 RAID 0 Individual Unit
Recommended Recommended Recommended Recommended
Servers that can access this LUN . Enter the name of each server
(copied from the LUN and Storage Group worksheet).
Operating system information: Device name. Enter the operating system device name, if this is important and if you know it. Depending on your operating system, you may not be able to complete this field now.
3-16 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
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3
What Next?
File system, partition, or drive . Write the name of the file system, partition, or drive letter you will create on this LUN. This is the same name you wrote on the application worksheet.
On the following line, write any pertinent notes; for example, the file system mount- or graft-point directory pathname (from the root directory). If this storage system’s chassis will be shared with another server, and the other server is the primary owner of this disk, write secondary. (As mentioned earlier, if the storage system will be used by two servers, we suggest you complete one of these worksheets for each server.)
This chapter outlined the planning tasks for shared storage systems.
If you have completed the worksheets to your satisfaction, you are ready to learn about the hardware needed for these systems as
Planning Applications, LUNs, and Storage Groups 3-17
3
Planning File Systems and LUNs with Shared Switched Storage
3-18 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
Invisible Body Tag
4
Planning LUNs and File
Systems with Unshared
Direct Storage
This chapter shows sample RAID and LUN configurations with direct storage installations and then provides worksheets for planning your own storage installation. Topics are
• Dual SPs and Paths to LUNs ............................................................4-2
• Unshared Direct and Shared-or-Clustered Direct Storage...........4-2
• Planning Applications and LUNs ...................................................4-4
Planning LUNs and File Systems with Unshared Direct Storage 4-1
4
Planning LUNs and File Systems with Unshared Direct Storage
Dual SPs and Paths to LUNs
If a storage system has two SPs, there are two routes to its LUNs. If the server has two adapters and the storage system has two SPs,
Application Transparent Failover (ATF). ATF can automatically switch to the other path, without disrupting applications, if a device
(such as a host-bus adapter, cable, or SP) fails.
Unshared Direct and Shared-or-Clustered Direct Storage
This section explains the direct (unswitched) options available for connecting storage systems to servers. As needs change, you may want to change a configuration. You can do so without changing your
LUN configuration or losing user data.
There are two types of installation:
• Unshared direct with one server is the simplest and least costly;
• Shared-or-clustered direct lets two clustered servers share storage resources with high availability.
Sample Unshared Direct Installation
Server
Disk IDs
100-109
010-019
SP A
Database
RAID 5
Sys
RAID 1
SP B
Users
RAID 5
Clients, mail
RAID 5
Figure 4-1 Unshared Direct Installation
Path 1
Path 2
EMC1825
4-2
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
Planning LUNs and File Systems with Unshared Direct Storage
4
The storage system disk IDs and LUNs are as follows. The LUN capacities shown assume 36-Gbyte disks.
LUNs - SP A and SP B, 422 Gbytes
Disk IDs RAID type, storage type, capacity
0_0, 0_1 RAID 1, System disk, 36 Gbytes
0_2-0_9 RAID 5 (8 disks), Clients and Mail, 216 Gbytes
1_0-1_4 RAID 5, Database, 144 Gbytes
1_5 Disk, Temporary storage, 36 Gbytes
Sample Shared-or-Clustered Direct Installation
Server 1 (S1) Server 2 (S2)
Storage system
SP A
S2 Customers
RAID 5
SP B
S1Dbase
RAID 5
Path 1
Path 2
Figure 4-2 Sample Clustered Installation
If each disk holds 36 Gbytes, then the storage-system chassis provides
Server 1 with 256 Gbytes of disk storage, 220 Gbytes highly available; it provides Server 2 with 216 Gbytes of storage, all highly available.
Each server has its own SP, which controls that server’s LUNs; those
LUNs remain primary to that server. The LUNs are as follows.
Server1 LUNs (S1) - SP A, 256 Gbytes
Disk IDs RAID type, storage type, capacity
0_0, 0_1 RAID 1, System disk, 36 Gbytes
0_2 Disk, Temporary storage, 36 Gbytes
0_3-0_7 RAID 5, Database, 144 Gbytes
0_8-0_ 9 RAID 1, Users, 36 Gbytes
Server2 LUNs (S2) - SP B, 216 Gbytes
Disk IDs RAID type, storage type, capacity
1_0-1_7 RAID 5 (8 disks), Cust Accounts, 216
Gbytes
Unshared Direct and Shared-or-Clustered Direct Storage 4-3
4
Planning LUNs and File Systems with Unshared Direct Storage
Planning Applications and LUNs
This section helps you plan your unshared (direct) storage use — applications you want to run and the LUNs that will hold them. The worksheets to help you do this include
• Application and file system planning worksheet - lets you outline your storage needs.
• LUN planning worksheet - lets you decide on the disks that will compose the LUNs.
• LUN details worksheet - lets you plan each LUN in detail.
Make as many copies of each blank worksheet as you need. You will need this information later when you configure the shared storage system.
Sample file system, Storage Group, and LUN worksheets appear later in this chapter.
Application and LUN Planning
Use the following worksheet to plan your file systems and RAID types. For each application, write the application name, file system (if any), RAID type, LUN ID (ascending integers, starting with 0), disk space required, and finally the name of the servers and operating systems that will use the LUN.
4-4
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
Planning LUNs and File Systems with Unshared Direct Storage
4
Application and LUN Planning Worksheet
Application File system (if any)
RAID type of
LUN
LUN
ID (hex)
Disk space required
(Gbytes)
Server name and operating system
Application
Mail 1
Mail 2
Database index
A sample worksheet begins as follows:
File system (if any)
RAID type of
LUN
RAI D 5
RAI D 5
RAI D 1 2
0
1
LUN
ID (hex)
Disk space required
(Gbytes)
72 Gb
72 Gb
18 Gb
Server name and operating system
Server1, NT
Server1, NT
Server2, NT
Completing the Application and LUN Planning Worksheet
Application . Enter the application name or type.
File system, partition , or drive. Write the drive letter (for Windows only) and the partition, file system, logical volume, or drive letter
(Windows only) name.
With a system such as Windows NT, the LUNs are identified by drive letter only. The letter does not help you identify the disk configuration (such as RAID 5). We suggest that later, when you use the operating system to create a partition on the unit, you use the disk administrator software to assign a volume label that describes the
Planning Applications and LUNs 4-5
4
Planning LUNs and File Systems with Unshared Direct Storage
RAID configuration. For example, for drive T, assign the volume ID
RAID5_T . The volume label will then identify the drive letter.
RAID type of LUN is the RAID Group type you want for this partition, file system, or logical volume. The features of RAID types
are explained in Chapter 2. For a RAID 5, RAID 1, RAID 1/0, and
RAID 0 Group, you can create one or more LUNs on the RAID
Group. For other RAID types, you can create only one LUN per RAID
Group.
LUN ID is a hexadecimal number assigned when you bind the disks into a LUN. By default, the ID of the first LUN bound is 0, the second
1, and so on. Each LUN ID must be unique within the storage system, regardless of its Storage Group or RAID Group.
The maximum number of LUNs supported on one host-bus adapter depends on the operating system. Some systems allow only eight
LUNs (numbers 0 through 7). For an operating system with this restriction, if you want a hot spare, assign the hot spare an ID above
7; for example, 8 or 9. The operating system never accesses a hot spare, so the ID is irrelevant to it.
Disk space required (Gbytes) , Consider the largest amount of disk space this application will need, then add a factor for growth.
Server hostname and operating system Enter the server hostname
(or, if you don’t know the name, a short description that identifies the server) and the operating system name, if you know it.
If this storage system will be used by two servers, provide a copy of this worksheet to the other server. This is particularly important where one server may take over the other’s LUNs. If a LUN will be shared, on the Notes section of the LUN details worksheet, write
Primary to server-name or Secondary to server-name.
LUN Planning Worksheet
Use one of the following worksheets (Rackmount or Deskside) to select the disks that will make up the LUNs. Depending on model, a full-fibre rackmount storage system can include up to 100 disks, numbered 0 through 99, left to right from the bottom up.
Again depending on model, a deskside storage system can hold ten,
20, or 30 disks.
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4
LUN Planning Worksheet - Rackmount
Full-fibre storage system
11_0 11_1 11_2 11_3 11_4 11_5 11_6 11_7 11_8 11_9
10_0 10_1 10_2 10_3 10_4 10_5 10_6 10_7 10_8 10_9
9_0 9_1 9_2 9_3 9_4 9_5 9_6 9_7 9_8 9_9
8_0 8_1 8_2 8_3 8_4 8_5 8_6 8_7 8_8 8_9
7_0 7_1 7_2 7_3 7_4 7_5 7_6 7_7 7_8 7_9
6_0 6_1 6_2 6_3 6_4 6_5 6_6 6_7 6_8 6_9
5_0 5_1 5_2 5_3 5_4 5_5 5_6 5_7 5_8 5_9
4_0 4_1 4_2 4_3 4_4 4_5 4_6 4_7 4_8 4_9
3_0 3_1 3_2 3_3 3_4 3_5 3_6 3_7 3_8 3_9
2_0 2_1 2_2 2_3 2_4 2_5 2_6 2_7 2_8 2_9
1_0 1_1 1_2 1_3 1_4 1_5 1_6 1_7 1_8 1_9
0_0 0_1 0_2 0_3 0_4 0_5 0_6 0_7 0_8 0_9
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
Planning Applications and LUNs 4-7
4
Planning LUNs and File Systems with Unshared Direct Storage
LUN Planning Worksheet - Deskside
Full-fibre storage system
0_0
0_1
0_2
0_3
0_4
0_5
0_6
0_7
0_8
0_9
1_0
1_1
1_2
1_3
1_4
1_5
1_6
1_7
1_8
1_9
2_4
2_5
2_6
2_7
2_8
2_9
2_0
2_1
2_2
2_3
Storage system number_____
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs________________________________________
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4
A sample LUN worksheet follows.
2_0 2_1 2_2 2_3 2_4 2_5 2_6 2_7 2_8 2_9
LUN 2
RAID 1
1_0 1_1 1_2 1_3 1_4 1_5 1_6 1_7 1_8 1_9
LUN 0
RAID 5
0_0 0_1 0_2 0_3 0_4 0_5 0_6 0_7 0_8 0_9
LUN 1
RAID 5
0
5
144
0_0, 0_1, 0_2, 0_3, 0_4
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
2
5
36 1_0, 1_1
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
LUN number_______RAID type ___ Cap. (Gb) _____ Disk IDs_________________________________________
Completing the LUN Planning Worksheet
As shown, draw circles around the disks that will compose each
LUN, and within each circle specify the RAID type (for example,
RAID 5) and LUN ID. This is information you will use to bind the disks into LUNs. For disk IDs, use the form shown. This form is
enclosure_diskID, where enclosure is the enclosure number (the bottom one is 0, above it 1, and so on) and diskID is the disk position (left is 0, next is 1, and so on).
None of the disks 0_0 through 0_8 may be used as a hot spare.
LUN Details Worksheet
Next, complete as many of the LUN sections as needed for each storage system.Copy the (blank) worksheet as needed for all LUNs in each storage system. A storage system is any group of enclosures connected to a DPE; a full-fibre system can include up to nine DAE enclosures for a total of 100 disks.
Use the following LUN details worksheet to plan the individual
LUNs. Complete as many of these as needed for all LUNs.
Planning Applications and LUNs 4-9
4
Planning LUNs and File Systems with Unshared Direct Storage
LUN Details Worksheet
Storage system (complete this section once for each storage system)
Storage-system number or name:______
Storage-system installation type
❏ Unshared Direct ❏ Shared-or-Clustered Direct ❏ Shared Switched
SP FC-AL address ID (unshared only):
SP memory (Mbytes):
V Use for caching
V Use for RAID 3
SP A:______
SP A:_____SP B:_____
SP B:______
Read cache size:___ MB Write cache size: ___ MB Cache page size:___KB
LUN ID:_____
RAID Group ID: Size,GB:
RAID type: V RAID 5
V RAID 1/0
V
V
LUN size,GB: Disk IDs:
RAID 3 - Memory, MB:___
Individual disk
Caching: V Read and write V Write V Read V None
SP: V A V B
V RAID 1 mirrored pair V RAID 0
V Hot spare
Servers that can access this LUN:
Operating system information: Device name: File system, partition, or drive:
LUN ID:_____
RAID Group ID: Size,GB: LUN size,GB: Disk IDs:
RAID type: V RAID 5
V RAID 1/0
V
V
RAID 3 - Memory, MB:___
Individual disk
Caching: V Read and write V Write V Read V None
Servers that can access this LUN:
Operating system information: Device name:
V A V B
V RAID 1 mirrored pair V RAID 0
V Hot spare
SP:
File system, partition, or drive:
RAID Group ID: Size,GB:
LUN ID:_____
LUN size,GB: Disk IDs:
RAID type: V RAID 5
V RAID 1/0
V
V
RAID 3 - Memory, MB:___
Individual disk
Caching: V Read and write V Write V Read V None
Servers that can access this LUN:
Operating system information: Device name:
V A V B
V RAID 1 mirrored pair V RAID 0
V Hot spare
SP:
File system, partition, or drive:
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4
LUN Details Worksheet
Storage system (complete this section once for each storage system)
Storage-system number or name:__ 1 ____
Storage-system installation type
❏ Unshared Direct ❏ Shared-or-Clustered Direct ❏ Shared Switched
SP FC-AL address ID (unshared only): SP A:_____SP B:_____
SP memory (Mbytes):
V X Use for caching
V Use for RAID 3
SP A:_ 128 __ SP B:_ 128 __
Read cache size:_ 40 _ MB Write cache size: _ 80 _ MBCache page size:_ 2 __KB
LUN ID:__ 0 ___
RAID Group ID: 0 Size,GB: 144 LUN size,GB: 144
0_0, 0_1, 0_2, 0_3, 0_4
RAID type: V RAID 5
V
RAID 1/0
V RAID 3 - Memory, MB:___
V
Individual disk
Caching:
X
Read and write V Write V Read V None
SP: X A V B
V RAID 1 mirrored pair V RAID 0
V
Hot spare
Servers that can access this LUN: Server1
Operating system information: Device name: File system, partition, or drive:
T
LUN ID:__ 1 __
RAID Group ID: 1 Size,GB: 144 LUN size,GB: 144 Disk IDs:
0_5, 0_6, 0_7, 0_8, 0_9
SP: V A V B
RAID type:
X
RAID 5
V RAID 1/0
V RAID 3 - Memory, MB:___
V Individual disk
Caching:
V
Read and write
V
Write
V
Read
V
None
V RAID 1 mirrored pair V RAID 0
V Hot spare
Servers that can access this LUN: Server1
Operating system information: Device name: File system, partition, or drive: U
RAID Group ID: 2 Size,GB:
18
LUN ID:__ 2 __
LUN size,GB: 36 Disk IDs:
RAID type: V RAID 5
V RAID 1/0
V RAID 3 - Memory, MB:___
V Individual disk
Caching: V Read and write V Write V Read V None
Servers that can access this LUN: Server1
Operating system information: Device name:
1_0, 1_1
File system, partition, or drive:
SP: X A V B
X V RAID 1 mirrored pair V RAID 0
V Hot spare
V
Planning Applications and LUNs 4-11
4
Planning LUNs and File Systems with Unshared Direct Storage
Completing the LUN Details Worksheet
Complete the header portion of the worksheet for each storage system as described below. Copy the blank worksheet as needed.
Sample completed LUN worksheets appear later.
Storage-System Entries
Storage-system configuration . Specify Unshared Direct (one server) or Shared-or-Clustered Direct (two servers).
For any multiple-server configuration, each server will need cluster software.
SP FC-AL address ID . For unshared storage, which uses FC-AL addressing, each SP (and each other node) on a Fibre Channel loop must have a unique FC-AL address ID. You set the SP FC-AL address
ID using switches on the back panel of the SP. The valid FC-AL address ID range is a number 0 through 125 decimal, which is 0 through 7D hexadecimal. For any number above 9, we suggest hexadecimal, since the switches are marked in hexadecimal.
If you have two FC-AL loops, we suggest a unique FC-AL address ID for each SP on both loops.
SP memory . Enter the amount of memory each SP has. If a storage system has two SPs, they will generally have the same amount of memory. You can allocate this memory to storage-system caching or
RAID 3 use.
Use memory for caching . You can use SP memory for read/write caching or RAID 3. (Using both caching and RAID 3 in the same storage system not recommended.) You can use different cache settings for different times of day (for example, for user I/O during the day, use more write cache; for sequential batch jobs at night, use more read cache. You enable caching for specific LUNs — allowing you to tailor your cache resources according to priority. If you choose caching, check the box and continue to the next step; for RAID 3, skip to the RAID Group ID entry.
Read cache size . If you want a read cache, it should generally be about one third of the total available cache memory.
Write cache size . The write cache should be two thirds of the total available. Some memory is required for system overhead, so you cannot determine a precise figure at this time. For example, for 256
Mbytes of total memory, you might have 240 Mbytes available, and
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4 you would specify 80 Mbytes for the read cache and 160 Mbytes for the write cache.
Cache page size . This applies to both read and write caches. It can be
2, 4, 8, or 16 Kbytes. As a general guideline, we suggest
For a general-purpose file server — 8 Kbytes
For a database application — 2 or 4 Kbytes
The ideal cache page size depends on the operating system and application.
Use memory for RAID 3 . If you want to use the SP memory for
RAID 3, check the box.
RAID Group/LUN Entries
Complete a RAID Group/LUN entry for each LUN and hot spare.
LUN ID . The LUN ID is a hexadecimal number assigned when you bind the disks into a LUN. By default, the ID of the first LUN bound is 0, the second 1, and so on. Each LUN ID must be unique within the storage system, regardless of its Storage Group or RAID Group.
The maximum number of LUNs supported on one host-bus adapter depends on the operating system. Some systems allow only eight
LUNs (numbers 0 through 7). For an operating system with this restriction, if you want a hot spare, assign the hot spare an ID above
7; for example, 8 or 9. The operating system never accesses a hot spare, so the ID is irrelevant to it.
RAID Group ID . This is a hexadecimal number assigned when you create the RAID Group. By default, the number of the first RAID
Group in a storage system is 0, the second 1, and so on, up to the maximum of 1F (31).
Size (RAID Group size) Enter the user-available capacity in gigabytes
(Gbytes) of the whole RAID Group. You can determine the capacity as follows:
RAID-5 or RAID-3 Group: disk-size * (number-of-disks - 1)
RAID 1/0 or RAID-1
Group:
(disk-size * number-of-disks) / 2
RAID-0 Group:
Individual unit: disk-size * number-of-disks disk-size
Planning Applications and LUNs 4-13
4
Planning LUNs and File Systems with Unshared Direct Storage
For example,
• A five-disk RAID 5 or RAID 3 Group of 36-Gbyte disks holds
144 Gbytes;
• An eight-disk RAID 1/0 Group of 36-Gbyte disks also holds
144Gbytes;
• A RAID 1 mirrored pair of 36-Gbyte disks holds 36 Gbytes; and
• An individual disk of a 36-Gbyte disk also holds 36 Gbytes.
Each disk in the RAID Group must have the same capacity; otherwise, you will waste disk storage space.
LUN Size . Enter the user-available capacity in gigabytes (Gbytes) of the LUN. You can make this the same size as the RAID Group, above.
Or, for a RAID 5, RAID 1, RAID 1/0, or RAID 0 Group, you can make the LUN smaller than the RAID Group. You might do this if you wanted a RAID 5 Group with a large capacity and wanted to place many smaller capacity LUNs on it; for example, to specify a LUN for each user. However, having multiple LUNs per RAID Group may adversely impact performance. If you want multiple LUNs per RAID
Group, then use a RAID Group/LUN series of entries for each LUN.
Disk IDs . Enter the ID(s) of all disks that will make up the LUN or hot spare. These are the same disk IDs you specified on the previous worksheet. For example, for a RAID-5 Group in the DPE (enclosure 0, disks 2 through 6), enter 0_2, 0_3, 0_4, 0_5, and 0_6.
SP . Specify the SP that will own the LUN: SP A or SP B. You can let the management program automatically select the SP to balance the workload between SPs; to do so, leave this entry blank.
RAID type . Copy the RAID type from the previous worksheet. For example, RAID 5 or hot spare. For a hot spare (not strictly speaking a
LUN at all), skip the rest of this LUN entry and continue to the next
LUN entry (if any).
If this is a RAID 3 Group, specify the amount of SP memory for that group. To work efficiently, each RAID 3 Group needs at least
6 Mbytes of memory.
Caching.
If you want to use caching (entry on page 4-12), you can
specify whether you want caching — read and write, read, or write for this LUN. Generally, write caching improves performance far more than read caching. The ability to specify caching on a LUN basis provides additional flexibility, since you can use caching for only the
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4
Table 4-1 units that will benefit from it. Read and write caching recommendations follow.
Cache Recommendations for Different RAID Types
RAID 5 RAID 3
Highly Recommended Not allowed
What Next?
RAID 1 RAID 1/0 RAID 0 Individual Unit
Recommended Recommended Recommended Recommended
Servers that can access this LUN . Enter the name of each server that will be able to use the LUN. Normally, you need to restrict access by establishing SP ownership of LUNs when you bind them.
Operating system information: Device name. Enter the operating system device name, if this is important and if you know it.
Depending on your operating system, you may not be able to complete this field now.
File system, partition, or drive . Write the name of the file system, partition, or drive letter you will create on this LUN. This is the same name you wrote on the application worksheet.
On the following line, write any pertinent notes; for example, the file system mount- or graft-point directory pathname (from the root directory). If this storage system’s chassis will be shared with another server, and the other server is the primary owner of this disk, write secondary . (If the storage system will be used by two servers, we suggest you complete one of these worksheets for each server.)
This chapter outlined the planning tasks for unshared storage systems. If you have completed the worksheets to your satisfaction, you are ready to learn about the hardware needed for these systems
Planning Applications and LUNs 4-15
4
Planning LUNs and File Systems with Unshared Direct Storage
4-16
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
Invisible Body Tag
5
Storage System
Hardware
This chapter describes the storage-system hardware components.
Topics are
• Hardware for Shared Storage...........................................................5-3
• Hardware for Unshared Storage......................................................5-6
• Planning Your Hardware Components ........................................ 5-11
• Hardware Data Sheets.....................................................................5-14
• Cabinets for Rackmount Enclosures .............................................5-20
• Cable and Configuration Guidelines ............................................5-21
• Hardware Planning Worksheets ....................................................5-24
Storage System Hardware 5-1
5
Storage System Hardware
Server component
Unshared Direct
(one server)
Server
The storage systems attach to the server and the interconnect components described in Chapter 1.
Shared-or-Clustered Direct
(two servers)
Server Server
Shared Switched
(multiple servers)
Server Server
Server
Interconnect component
Storage component
FC loop 1
FC loop 2
Disk-array storage systems
Figure 5-1 Shared and Unshared Storage
Switch fabric Switch fabric
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EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
Storage System Hardware
5
Hardware for Shared Storage
The primary hardware component for shared storage is a ten-slot
Disk-array Processor Enclosure (DPE) with two storage processors
(SP). The DPE can support up to nine separate 10-slot enclosures called Disk Array Enclosures (DAEs) for a total of 100 disks. Shared storage requires two SPs and the Access Logix software option.
A DPE with a DAE is available as a deskside system, but with a capacity of 20 disks this cannot provide the expandability and total storage capacity needed for a SAN (storage area network). So this section does not cover the deskside version.
Storage Hardware — Rackmount DPE-Based Storage Systems
The DPE rackmount enclosure is a sheet-metal housing with a front door, a midplane, and slots for the storage processors (SPs), link control cards (LCCs), disk modules, power supplies, and fan packs.
All components can be replaced under power. The DPE rackmount model looks like the following figure.
Front Back
Power supplies
LCC
Link control card (LCC)
Disk modules (front door removed for clarity)
Storage processors (SPs)
FC ports with GBICs
Drive fan module
(detached for clarity)
Figure 5-2 DPE Storage-System Components – Rackmount Model
A separate standby power supply (SPS) is required to support write caching. All the shared storage components — rackmount DPE,
DAEs, SPSs, and cabinet — are shown in the following figure.
Hardware for Shared Storage 5-3
5
Storage System Hardware
DAE
DAE
DPE
DAE
DAE
DPE
Disks
SPs
Standby power supplies (SPSs)
Front
Figure 5-3 Rackmount System with DPE and DAEs
Rear
EMC1744
The disks — available in differing capacities — fit into slots in the enclosure. Each module has a unique ID that you use when binding or monitoring its operation. The ID is derived from the enclosure address (always 0 for the DPE, settable on a DAE) and the disk module slot numbers.
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Storage System Hardware
5
Disk Modules and Module IDs — Rackmount DPE-Based System
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Storage Processor (SP)
The SP provides the intelligence of the storage system. Using its own operating system (called Core Software), the SP processes the data written to or read from the disk modules, and monitors the modules themselves. An SP consists of a printed-circuit board with memory modules (DIMMs), and status lights.
For high availability, a storage system can support a second SP. The second SP provides a second route to a storage system and also lets the storage system use write caching for enhanced write performance. Two SPs are required for shared storage.
Server Server Server
Switch fabric
SP A SP B
Storage systems
Switch fabric
SP A SP B
Path 1
Path 2
Figure 5-4 Shared Storage Systems
See Chapter 3 for more examples of shared storage.
Hardware for Shared Storage 5-5
5
Storage System Hardware
Hardware for Unshared Storage
Unshared storage systems are less costly and less complex than shared storage systems. They offer many shared storage system features; for example, you can use multiple unshared storage systems with multiple servers. However, with multiple servers, unshared storage offers less flexibility and security than shared storage, since any user with write access to privileged server files can enable access to any storage system.
Types of Storage System for Unshared Storage
For unshared storage, there are four types of storage system, each using the FC-AL protocol. Each type is available in a rackmount or deskside (office) version.
• Disk-array Processor Enclosure (DPE) storage systems. A DPE is a 10-slot enclosure with hardware RAID features provided by one or two storage processors (SPs). In addition to its own disks, a
DPE can support up to 110 additional disks in 10-slot Disk Array
Enclosures (DAEs) for a total of 120 disks. This is the same kind of storage system used for shared storage, but it uses a different storage processor (SP).
• Intelligent Disk Array Enclosure (iDAE). An iDAE, like a DPE, has SPs and thus all the features of a DPE, but is thinner and has a limit of 30 disks.
• Disk Array Enclosure (DAE). A DAE does not have SPs. A DAE can connect to a DPE or an iDAE, or you can use it without SPs. A
DAE used without an SP does not inherently include RAID, but can operate as a RAID device using software running on the server system. Such a DAE is also known as Just a Box of Disks, or
JBOD.
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Storage System Hardware
5
Disk-array processor enclosure (DPE)
Deskside DPE with DAE
Rackmount DPE, one enclosure, supports up to 9 DAEs
30-slot deskside
Intelligent disk-array enclosure (iDAE)
10-slot deskside Rackmount
Figure 5-5 Storage System Types for Unshared Storage
Hardware for Unshared Storage 5-7
5
Storage System Hardware
Front
The following figure shows some components of a deskside DPE.
Components for rackmount types are similar.
Back (fans and cables omitted for clarity)
Storage processors
(SPs)
DAE link control
card (LCC)
DPE LCC
DAE power supplies
DPE power supplies
DPE
SP fan cover
(covers SP fan pack)
DAE
Front doors
(cover disk modules)
Power distribution
units
FC ports
DPE LCC
SPS units
DAE LCC
Figure 5-6 DPE Components - Deskside Model
Disks
enclosure. Each disk has a unique ID that you use when binding it or monitoring its operation. The ID is the enclosure address (always 0 for the DPE, settable on a DAE) and the disk slot number.
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Storage System Hardware
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
14
15
16
17
18
19
10
11
12
13
Figure 5-7 Disks and Disk IDs
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Storage Processor (SP)
The SP provides the intelligence of the storage system. Using its own operating system (called Core Software), the SP processes the data written to or read from the disk modules, and monitors the modules themselves. An SP consists of a printed-circuit board with memory modules (DIMMs), status lights, and switches for setting FC-AL addresses.
For high availability, a storage system can support a second SP. A second SP provides a second route to a storage system, so both SPs can connect to the same server or two different servers, as follows.
Hardware for Unshared Storage 5-9
5
Storage System Hardware
Server
Storage system
DAE(s)
SP A
DPE
SP B
Cables
FC loop 1
FC loop 2
Figure 5-8 Storage System with Two SPs Connected to the Same Server
Highly available cluster
Server 1 Server 2
Storage system
DAE(s)
SP A
DPE
SP B
FC loop 1
FC loop 2
Figure 5-9 Storage System with Two SPs Connected to Different Servers
Either SP can control any LUN in the storage system, but only one SP at a time can control a LUN. If one SP cannot access a LUN it controlled (because of a failure), you can transfer control of the LUN to the other SP, manually or via software.
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Storage System Hardware
5
Storage-system caching provides significant performance enhancement. Read caching is available with one or two SPs.
Mirrored write caching, particularly helpful with RAID 5 I/O, requires two SPs (to mirror one another, for cache integrity) and a
Standby Power Supply (SPS) to enable the SPs to write their cached data to disk if power fails.
Planning Your Hardware Components
This section helps you plan the hardware components — adapters, switches or hubs, cables, storage systems, and site requirements — for each server in your installation.
For shared storage, you must use a DPE rackmount system with two
SPs and high-availability options. We assume you have some idea of how many servers, adapters, switches or hubs, storage systems, and
SPs you want. Skip to the component data sheets following.
For unshared storage, you can use one or two SPs and you can choose among storage system configurations. This section assumes you have
examined the configurations shown starting on page 4-2 and have
some idea of how many servers, adapters, switches or hubs, storage systems, and SPs you want. It ends with blank worksheets and sample worksheets.
Configuration Tradeoffs - Shared Storage
The hardware configuration required for shared storage is very specific: two host-bus adapters in each attached server, two Fibre
Channel switches, and two SPs per storage system. Choices you can make with shared storage systems include the number of storage systems (up to 15 are allowed), and for each storage system the cache configuration (maximum or minimum), and one or two standby power supplies (SPS units).
The number of storage systems in the SAN depends on the servers’ processing demands. For each system, the larger cache improves write performance for very large processing loads; the redundant SPS lets write caching continue if one SPS fails.
Planning Your Hardware Components 5-11
5
Storage System Hardware
Configuration Tradeoffs - Unshared Storage
For each storage-system enclosure, you have two important areas of choice: rackmount or deskside model, and high-availability options.
Generally, rackmount systems are more versatile; you can add capacity in a cabinet without consuming more floor space. However, rackmount systems require additional hardware, such as cabinets and mounting rails, and someone must connect power cords and cables within them. For large storage requirements, rackmount systems may be more economical than deskside systems. Deskside systems are more convenient; they ship with all internal cabling in place and require only ac power and connection to the servers.
For high availability, there are many variations. The most important high-availability features are a second SP/LCC pair, second power supply, and standby power supply (SPS). The second SP/LCC and
SPS let you use write caching to enhance performance; the second SP provides continuous access to storage-system disks if one SP or LCC fails. Another high-availability option is a redundant SPS.
Yet another option, for a deskside system, is a second power distribution unit (PDU), which lets you route ac power from an independent source. Used this way, the second PDU protects against failure in one of the two ac power sources. With a rackmount system, you can acquire a cabinet with one or two ac inlet cords. The second inlet cord, connected to a second ac power source, provides the same advantage for all storage systems in the cabinet as the second PDU in the deskside storage system.
For deskside systems, the optional high-availability hardware fits into the deskside cabinet. Deskside high-availability options are as follows.
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Deskside
DPE
Table 5-1
Minimum
High-Availability Options, Deskside Unshared Storage
System Type HA Level PDUs SPs
1
LCCs
1 DAE
Power
Supplies
1 DPE
1 DAE
Disks
5 (without write cache) iDAE
DAE only
Maximum
Minimum
2 2 4 (2 DPE
2 DAE)
1 1 n/a
2 (30-slot)
Maximum 2 2 n/a
Minimum 1
Maximum 2 n/a n/a
4 (30-slot)
1
2
4
(2 DPE
2 DAE)
1
2 (10-slot)
6 (30-slot)
1
2
10 (write cache or RAID 3)
3 (without write cache)
5 (write cache or RAID 3)
5 (write cache or RAID 3)
No minimum
No minimum
SPS Units
0 (without write cache)
1 (write cache)
2
0 (without write cache)
1 (write cache
2 n/a n/a
Table 5-2
For rackmount systems, the standby power supply or supplies (SPS or BBU) must be placed in a tray directly beneath the storage system.
Typically, any hubs in the cabinet mount at the top or bottom of the cabinet. Rackmount options are as follows.
High-Availability Options, Rackmount Unshared Storage
Rackmount
System Type HA Level SPs
DPE Minimum 1
LCCs
1
Maximum 2 2 (DPE)
18 (with 9
DAEs) iDAE Minimum 1 (10-slot)
4 (with two
DAEs)
DAE only
Maximum 2
Minimum n/a
Maximum n/a n/a
1
2
2
1
2
Power
Supplies
1
2 (DPE)
11 (with 9
DAEs)
1
Disks
5 (without write cache)
10 (write cache or
RAID 3)
3 (without write cache)
5 (write cache or
RAID 3)
5 (write cache or
RAID 3)
No minimum
No minimum
SPS Units
0 (without write cache)
1 (write cache)
2
0 (without write cache)
1 (write cache
2 n/a n/a
Planning Your Hardware Components 5-13
5
Storage System Hardware
Hardware Data Sheets
The hardware data sheets shown in this section provide the plant requirements, including dimensions (footprint), weight, power requirements, and cooling needs, for DPE, iDAE, DAE, and 30-slot
SCSI disk systems. Sections on cabinets and cables follow the data sheets.
DPE Data Sheet
Depth
74.7 cm
(30 in)
Deskside model
Width
52.1 cm
(20.6 in)
For shared storage, a rackmount DPE and one or more rackmount
DAEs are required. For unshared storage, you can use a rackmount or deskside DPE and DAE(s). The DPE dimensions and requirements are shown in the following figure.
DPE Dimensions and Requirements
Rackmount model
Depth
70 cm
(27.6 in)
Width
44.5 cm
(17.5 in)
Height
68 cm
(26.8 in)
Height
28.6 cm
(11.3 in)
6.5 U
Weight (without packaging)
Maximum (max disks, SPs,
LCCs, PSs): with 2 SPSs
SPS mounting tray height 4.44 cm
(1.75 in), 1 U; depth 54.1 cm
(21.3 in)
Deskside Rackmount
144 kg (316 lb) 52 kg (115 lb)
165 kg (364 lb) 74 kg (163 lb)
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Power requirements
Voltage rating:
Current draw:
Power consumption:
100 V ac to 240 V ac –10%/+15%, single-phase, 47 Hz to 63 Hz; power supplies are auto-ranging
At 100 v ac input – Deskside
DPE/DAE: 12.0 A; Rackmount
DPE: 8.0 A max; SPS: 1.0 A max per unit during charge
Deskside DPE/DAE: 1200 VA;
Rackmount DPE: 800 VA max SPS:
1.0 A per unit during charge
Power cables (single or dual) ac inlet connector: IEC 320-C14 power inlet
Deskside power cord: USA: 1.8 m (6.0 ft):
NEMA 6-15P plug
Outside USA Specific to country
Operating environment
Temperature: 10 o
C to 40 o
C (50 o
F to 104 o
F)
Relative humidity:
Altitude:
Noncondensing, 20% to 80%
40 o
C to 2,438 m (8,000 ft); 37 o
C to 3,050 m
(10,000 ft)
Heat dissipation (max): Deskside DPE/DAE: 3931x10
3
J/hr (2730
BTU/hr) max estimated;
Rackmount DPE: 2520x10
3
J/hr (2390
BTU/hr) max estimated
Air flow: Front to back
Service clearances
Front:
Back:
30.3 cm (1 ft)
60.6 cm (2 ft)
Hardware Data Sheets 5-15
5
Storage System Hardware
iDAE Data Sheet
Deskside 30-slot model
Depth
74.7 cm
(30 in)
Width
52.1 cm
(20.6 in)
You can use a rackmount or deskside DPE and DAE(s) for unshared storage. The iDAE dimensions and requirements are shown in the following figure.
Dimensions and Requirements, iDAE
Deskside 10-slot model
Depth
74.7 cm
(30 in)
Width
25 cm
(9.8 in)
Rackmount model
Depth
63.3 cm
(24.9 in)
Width
44.5 cm
(17.5 in)
Height
68 cm
(26.8 in)
SPS mounting tray, height 4.44 cm
(1.75 in), 1 U; depth 69.9 cm
(27.5 in)
Height
15.4 cm
(6.1 in)
3.5 U
Weight (without packaging)
Maximum (max disks, SPs):
Deskside 30 Deskside 10 Rackmount
144 kg (316 lb) 60 kg (132 lb) 35.4 kg (78 lb)
Power requirements
Voltage rating:
Current draw:
Power consumption:
100 V ac to 240 V ac +/- 10%, single-phase,
47 Hz to 63 Hz; power supplies are auto-ranging
At 100 v ac input – 30-slot 12.0 A; 10-slot: 4.0
A; SPS: 1.0 A max per unit during charge
30-slot: 1200;10-slot: 400 VA; SPS: 100 VA per unit during charge
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Power cables (single or dual) ac inlet connector: IEC 320-C14 power inlet
Deskside power cord: USA: 1.8 m (6.0 ft): NEMA
6-15P plug
Outside USA: Specific to country
Operating environment
Temperature:
Relative humidity:
Altitude:
10 o C to 40 o C (50 o F to 104 o F)
Noncondensing, 20% to 80%
40 o C to 2,438 m (8,000 ft); 37 o C to 3,050 m
(10,000 ft)
Heat dissipation (max): 30-slot: 4,233 KJ/hr (4,020 BTU/hr)
10-slot: 1,411 KJ/hr (1,340 BTU/hr)
Air flow: Front to back
Service clearances
Front:
Back:
30.3 cm (1 ft)
60.6 cm (2 ft)
Hardware Data Sheets 5-17
5
Storage System Hardware
DAE Data Sheet
Deskside 30-slot model
Depth
74.7 cm
(30 in)
Width
52.1 cm
(20.6 in)
The DAE storage-system dimensions and requirements are shown in the following figure.
Dimensions and Requirements, DAE
Deskside 10-slot model
Width
25 cm
(9.8 in) Depth
74.7 cm
(30 in)
Rackmount model
Depth
63.3 cm
(24.9 in)
Width
44.5 cm
(17.5 in)
Height
68 cm
(26.8 in)
Height
15.4 cm
(6.1 in)
3.5 U
Weight (without packaging)
Maximum (max disks, SPs)
Deskside 30 Deskside 10 Rackmount
144 kg (316 lb) 60 kg (132 lb) 35.4 kg (78 lb)
Power requirements
Voltage rating:
Current draw:
Power consumption:
100 V ac to 240 V ac +/- 10%, single-phase,
47 Hz to 63 Hz; power supplies are auto-ranging
At 100 v ac input – 30-slot 12.0 A; 10-slot: 4.0
A; SPS: 1.0 A max per unit during charge*
30-slot: 1200;10-slot: 400 VA; SPS: 1.0 VA per unit during charge
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Power cables (single or dual) ac inlet connector: IEC 320-C14 power inlet
Deskside power cord: USA: 1.8 m (6.0 ft): NEMA
6-15P plug
Outside USA: Specific to country
Operating environment
Temperature:
Relative humidity:
Altitude:
10 o C to 40 o C (50 o F to 104 o F)
Noncondensing, 20% to 80%
40 o C to 2,438 m (8,000 ft); 37 o C to 3,050 m
(10,000 ft)
Heat dissipation (max): 30-slot: 4,233 KJ/hr (4,020 BTU/hr)
10-slot: 1,411 KJ/hr (1,340 BTU/hr)
Air flow: Front to back
Service clearances
Front:
Back:
30.3 cm (1 ft)
60.6 cm (2 ft)
Hardware Data Sheets 5-19
5
Storage System Hardware
Cabinets for Rackmount Enclosures
Prewired 19-inch-wide cabinets, ready for installation, are available in the following dimensions to accept rackmount storage systems.
Vertical Space Exterior Dimensions Comments
173 cm or 68.25 in
(39 NEMA units or
U; one U is 1.75 in)
Height: 192 cm (75.3 in)
Width: 65 cm (25.5 in)
Depth: 87 cm (34.25 in) plus service clearances, which are 90 cm (3 ft),
30 cm front and 60 cm back
Accepts combinations of:
DPEs at 6.5 U, iDAEs at 3.5 U,
SPS units at 1 U,
DAEs at 3.5 U each,
Switches or hubs at 1 U
Weight (empty): 134 kg (296 lb)
Requires 200–240 volts ac. Plug options include L6–30 or L7–30 (domestic) and
IEC 309 30 A (international).
Each power strip has 12 IEC-320 CIS outlets.
Filler panels of various sizes are available.
As an example, a rackmount storage system that supports 100 disk modules has the following requirements.
Category
Vertical cabinet space in
NEMA units (U, one U is
1.75 in)
Weight
Power
Cooling
Requirement
Bottom to top: One SPS (1 U), one DPE (6.5 U), and nine DAEs (9*3.5 U equals 31.5 U) for a total of 39 U.
516 kg (1,137 lb) including the cabinet (134 kg), DPE (52 kg), SPS (11 kg), and nine DAEs (9 * 35.4 kg equals 319 kg).
4,500 VA max, including the DPE (800 VA), SPS (100 VA), and nine DAEs
(9 * 400 VA equals 3600 VA).
15,484 KJ/hour (14,700 BTU/hr), including the DPE (2,520
KJ/hr), SPS (265 KJ/hour, estimated), and nine DAEs (9*1,411 KJ/hr equals
12,699 KJ/hr).
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Cable and Configuration Guidelines
We recommend that all copper-interconnected nodes be connected to a common ground grid. The common grid is not needed for optical interconnections.
Copper cable allows up to 30 meters (99 feet) between nodes or switches and hubs. Optical cable allows significantly longer distances. This is a major advantage of optical cable. However, you can use optical cable from a server only if the server’s adapter supports optical cable; otherwise you must use copper. Not all adapters support optical cable.
To connect a DPE to a DAE, you must use copper cable, whose maximum length is 10 meters (33 ft). So, the distance between a DPE and the DAEs it controls cannot exceed 10 meters (33 ft).
The host-bus adapters and SPs used with shared storage systems require optical cable, as does the switch between adapters and SPs.
The SPs used with unshared storage systems support copper cables and — with MIAs — optical cables. A hub itself supports copper, or with a MIA, optical. So you can use a copper cable or — with two
MIAs per cable — optical cable between any hub and SP. For optical cable to work between an adapter and hub or SP, then the adapter must support optical cable.
Server Server
Maximum distance:
Copper cable: 30 m
Optical cable:500 m or more
Switch or hub
Maximum distance:
Copper cable: 30 m
Storage system Storage system
Figure 5-10 Comparison Between Optical and Copper Cabling
Cable and Configuration Guidelines 5-21
5
Storage System Hardware
Table 5-3
You can use any existing FDDI, multimode, 62.5 micron cable with good connections to attach servers, switches or hubs, and storage systems. These cables must be dedicated to storage-system I/O.
Cable Sizes — Optical
Length
5 m (16.5 ft) or
10 m (33 ft)
Typical Use
Within one room, connecting servers to storage systems (adapter must support optical cable) or connecting switches or hubs to storage systems
50 m (164 ft)
100 m (328 ft)
250 m (821 ft,.15 mi)
500 m (1642 ft,.31 mi)
Within one building, connecting servers to storage systems (adapter must support optical cable) or connecting switches or hubs to storage systems
Within one complex, connecting servers to storage systems (adapter must support optical cable) or connecting switches or hubs to storage systems
Optical cabling is 50 micron (maximum length is 500 m —1,650 ft —, or
62.5 micron (maximum length is 300 m — 985 ft. Both types are multimode, dual SC, and require a MIA on a DB-9 or hub connector. The minimum length is 2 m (6.8 ft). The minimum bend radius is 3 cm (1.2 in).
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Table 5-4 Cable Sizes — Copper
Length
0.3 m (1 ft), non-equalized
1.0 m (3.3 ft), non-equalized
3 m (10 ft), non-equalized
Typical Use
Connecting DPE/DAE and DAE LCCs
Connecting a hub to an adjacent storage system
Connecting a hub to a storage system in the same cabinet, or daisy chaining from one cabinet to an adjacent cabinet
5 m (16.5 ft), non-equalized
10 (33 ft), non-equalized
Connecting a hub in one rack to a storage system in another cabinet
Connecting servers to hubs and/or storage systems — maximum length for non-equalized copper cable, maximum length between LCCs
30 m (98.5 ft), equalized Connecting servers to hubs and/or storage systems – maximum length for copper cable
Copper cabling is shielded, 75-ohm twin-axial, shield bonded to DB-9 plug connector shell (360 o ) FC-AL
Standard, Revision 4.4 or higher.
Component planning diagrams and worksheets follow.
Cable and Configuration Guidelines 5-23
5
Storage System Hardware
Hardware Planning Worksheets
Following are worksheets to note the hardware components you want. There are two types of configuration:
• Shared storage
• Unshared storage
Hardware for Shared Storage
A1
Server 1
A1
Server n
. . .
An An
Path 1
Path 2
Switch 1
D1
E2
E1
Dm
E2
E1
DAE
DAE
DPE
SP B SP A
Storage system 1
DAE
DAE
DPE
SP B SP A
Storage system m
E2
E1
D1
E2
E1
Dm
Switch 2
Figure 5-11 Cable Identifier — DPE-Based System for Shared Storage
The cable identifiers used above apply to shared and unshared storage systems. The worksheet applies to shared storage only.
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Hardware Component Worksheet for Shared Storage
Number of servers:____ Adapters in servers:____ Switches: 16-port:____8-port:____
Rackmount DPEs:_____SP/LCC pairs:_____PSs:_____SPSs:____ Rackmount cabinets:___
Rackmount DAEs:_____ LCCs:_____PSs:_____
Cables between server and switch - Cable A, optical only
Cable A
1,
Cable A
2,
Optical: Number:____ ....................................................... ..............Length________m or ft
Optical: Number:____ ....................................................... ..............Length________m or ft
Cable A n
, Optical: Number:____ ...................................................... ..............Length________m or ft
Cables between switches and storage systems - Cable D, copper or optical
Cable D
1,
Optical:Number:_____ ...................................................... ..............Length________m or ft
Cable D
2,
Optical:Number:_____ ...................................................... ..............Length________m or ft
Cable D m,
Optical:Number:_____ ..................................................... ..............Length________m or ft
Cables between enclosures - Cable E, which connects LCCs; between a DPE LCC and a DAE LCC, Cable
E must be copper; between DAE LCCs, it can be copper or optical.
Cable E
1
Cable E
2
:Number:_____
V
Copper
V
Optical(for DAE to DAE only). ..............Length________m or ft
:Number:_____ V Copper V Optical(for DAE to DAE only) ..............Length________m or ft
Hardware Planning Worksheets 5-25
5
Storage System Hardware
Highly available cluster
File Server Mail Server Database Server
Switch 1 Switch 2
A2 Cable between server and switch
D1
Cable between switch and storage system
Path 1
Path 2
DAE
DAE
DAE
DAE
DAE
DAE
DPE
SP B SP A
Storage system
Figure 5-12 Sample Shared Storage Installation
E1
Cable between storage systems or enclosures
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Hardware Component Worksheet for Shared Storage
Number of servers:__ 3 _ Adapters in servers:__ 6 _ Switches: 16-port:____8-port:__ 2
Rackmount DPEs:__ 1 ___SP/LCC pairs:__ 2 ___PSs:___ 2 __SPSs:__ 2 __ Rackmount cabinets:_ 1 __
Rackmount DAEs:__ 6 ___ LCCs:___ 12 __PSs:___ 12 __
Cables between server and switch - Cable A, optical only
Cable A
1,
Optical: Number:_____ ...................................................... ............. Length______m or ft
Cable A
2,
Optical: Number:__ 4 __ ..................................................... ............. Length__ 33 _m or ft
Cable A n
, Optical: Number:____ ....................................................... ............. Length______m or ft
Cables between switches and storage systems - Cable D, copper or optical
Cable D
1,
Optical:Number:__ 2 ___ .................................................... ............. Length___ 33 __m or ft
Cable D
2,
Cable D m,
Optical:Number:_____ ...................................................... ............. Length________m or ft
Optical:Number:_____ ...................................................... ............. Length________m or ft
Cables between enclosures - Cable E, which connects LCCs; between a DPE LCC and a DAE LCC, Cable
E must be copper; between DAE LCCs, it can be copper or optical.
Cable E
1
Cable E
2
:Number:__ 12 ___ V Copper V Optical(for DAE to DAE only) ......... Length____ 1 ___m or ft
:Number:_____ V Copper V Optical(for DAE to DAE only). ............. Length________m or ft
Hardware for Unshared Storage
The cable identifiers used in the following figure and on the following worksheets apply to all types of unshared storage systems.
So, if you want to plan a site with different types of systems, you can consolidate all your unshared storage component entries (from the different system types on a single worksheet).
Hardware Planning Worksheets 5-27
5
Storage System Hardware
A1
Server 1
A1
Server 2
A2 A2
DAE
FC Loop 1
FC Loop 2
E2
E1
DAE iDAE/DPE
SP B SP A
Storage system
E2
E1
Figure 5-13 Cable Identifier — Unshared System without Hubs
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5
A1
Server 1
A1
Server n
. . .
An
Hub 1 Hub 2
DAE
D1
E2
E1
Dm
DAE iDAE/DPE
SP B SP A
Storage system 1
DAE
E2
E1
D1
Dm
FC Loop 1
FC Loop 2
E2
E1
DAE iDAE/DPE
SP B SP A
Storage system m
E2
E1
Figure 5-14 Cable Identifier — Unshared Full-Fibre System with Hubs
An
Hardware Planning Worksheets 5-29
5
Storage System Hardware
Hardware Component Worksheet for Unshared Storage
Number of servers: Adapters in servers:______ Hubs (copper):_____ MIAs (copper to optical):______
DPE-based and DAE-only storage systems:
Rackmount DPEs:_____SP/LCC pairs:_____
Rackmount iDAEs:_____SPs:_____
PSs:_____SPSs:____ Rackmount cabinets:___
PSs:_____SPSs:____ Rackmount cabinets:___
Rackmount DAEs:_____ LCCs:_____PSs:_____
Deskside DPEs:_____SP/ LCC pairs:_____DAE LCCs:____ DPE PSs:____ DAE PSs:____ SPSs:__
Deskside iDAEs:_____SPs:_____ DAE LCCs:____ PSs:____ SPSs:___
Deskside DAEs: 30-slot_____ 10-slot______ LCCs:_____ PSs:_____
Cables between server and storage system or between server and hub - Cable A, copper or optical
Cable A
1
:Number:____ V Copper V Optical ...................................... ............. Length________m or ft
Cable A
2
Cable A n
:Number:____ V Copper V Optical..................................... ............. Length________m or ft
:Number:____ V Copper V Optical..................................... ............. Length________m or ft
Cables between hubs and storage systems - Cable D, copper or optical
Cable D
1
Cable D
2
Cable D m
:Number:_____ V Copper V Optical ..................................... ............. Length________m or ft
:Number:_____ V Copper V Optical ..................................... ............. Length________m or ft
:Number:_____ V Copper V Optical..................................... ............. Length________m or ft
Cables between storage systems or enclosures - Cable E, which connects LCCs or SP-LCC; between a
DPE LCC or iDAE SP and a DAE LCC, Cable E must be copper; between DAE LCCs, it can be copper or optical.
Cable E
1
Cable E
2
:Number:_____ V Copper V Optical(DAE to DAE only)........ ............. Length________m or ft
:Number:_____ V Copper V Optical(DAE to DAE only)........ ............. Length________m or ft
*Please specify all storage-system components you need, even though you will not need to order them separately, since most or all components will be included with the model of each system you order.
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Server
A1 Cable between server
and storage system
A1
E1
DAE
E1 Cable between storage
systems or enclosures
Included with deskside
DPE iDAE/DPE
SP A
Figure 5-15 Sample Unshared Deskside System — Basic Configuration
Sample Component Worksheet
Hardware Component Worksheet for Unshared Storage
Number of servers: 1 Adapters in servers:___ 1 ___ Hubs (copper):______ MIAs (copper to optical):_____
DPE-based and DAE-only storage systems:
Rackmount DPEs:_____SP/LCC pairs:_____
Rackmount iDAEs:__ 1 ___SPs:__ 1 ___
PSs:_____SPSs:____ Rackmount cabinets:___
PSs:___ 1 __SPSs:____ Rackmount cabinets:__ 1 _
Rackmount DAEs:___ 1 __ LCCs:__ 1 ___PSs:__ 1 ___
Deskside DPEs:_____SP/ LCC pairs:_____DAE LCCs:____ DPE PSs:____ DAE PSs:____ SPSs:__
Deskside iDAEs:_____SPs:_____ DAE LCCs:____ PSs:____ SPSs:___
Deskside DAEs: 30-slot_____ 10-slot______ LCCs:_____ PSs:_____
Cables between server and storage system or between server and hub - Cable A, copper or optical
Cable A
1
:Number:__ 1 __ V Copper V Optical ................................... ..............Length__
1 0 __ _m or ft
Cable A
2
Cable A n
:Number:____ V Copper V Optical .................................... ..............Length________m or ft
:Number:____ V Copper V Optical .................................... ..............Length________m or ft
Cables between hubs and storage systems - Cable D, copper or optical
Cable D
1
Cable D
2
Cable D m
:Number:_____ V Copper V Optical..................................... ..............Length________m or ft
:Number:_____ V Copper V Optical..................................... ..............Length________m or ft
:Number:_____ V Copper V Optical .................................... ..............Length________m or ft
Cables between storage systems or enclosures - Cable E, which connects LCCs or SP-LCC; between a
DPE LCC or iDAE SP and a DAE LCC, Cable E must be copper; between DAE LCCs, it can be copper or optical.
Cable E
1
Cable E
2
:Number:__ 1 __ V Copper V Optical(DAE to DAE only)....... ..............Length__
1 _____m or ft
:Number:_____ V Copper V Optical(DAE to DAE only) ..... Length________m or ft
Hardware Planning Worksheets 5-31
5
Storage System Hardware
Server
E1
A1 Cable between
server and storage
system
E1 Cable between storage
systems or enclosures
included with deskside DPE
E2 Cable between storage
systems or enclosures
A1
DAE
DAE
DAE
E2
DAE
DPE
SP B SP A
Storage system
FC Loop 1
FC Loop 2
Figure 5-16 Sample Unshared Deskside System — Dual-Adapter/Dual-SP
Configuration
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Sample Component Worksheet
Hardware Component Worksheet for Unshared Storage
Number of servers: 1 Adapters in servers:__ 2 __ Hubs (copper):______ MIAs (copper to optical):_______
DPE-based and DAE-only storage systems:
Rackmount DPEs:_____SP/LCC pairs:_____
Rackmount iDAEs:_____SPs:_____
Rackmount DAEs:_____
PSs:_____SPSs:____ Rackmount cabinets:___
PSs:_____SPSs:____ Rackmount cabinets:___
LCCs:_____PSs:_____
Deskside DPEs:__ 1 _SP/ LCC pairs:__ 2 __DAE LCCs:__ 2 __ DPE PSs:_ 2 _ DAE PSs:_ 2 _ SPSs:_ 1 _
Deskside iDAEs:_____SPs:_____ DAE LCCs:____ PSs:____ SPSs:___
Deskside DAEs: 30-slot__ 1 ___ 10-slot______ LCCs:__ 6 ___ PSs:__ 6 __
Cables between server and storage system or between server and hub - Cable A, copper or optical
Cable A
1
:Number:_ 2 _ V Copper V Optical ...................................... ............. Length___ 10 ___m or ft
Cable A
2
Cable A n
:Number:____ V Copper V Optical .................................... ............. Length________m or ft
:Number:____ V Copper V Optical .................................... ............. Length________m or ft
Cables between hubs and storage systems - Cable D, copper or optical
Cable D
1
Cable D
2
Cable D m
:Number:_____
V
Copper
V
Optical..................................... ............. Length________m or ft
:Number:_____ V Copper V Optical..................................... ............. Length________m or ft
:Number:_____ V Copper V Optical .................................... ............. Length________m or ft
Cables between storage systems or enclosures - Cable E, which connects LCCs or SP-LCC; between a
DPE LCC or iDAE SP and a DAE LCC, Cable E must be copper; between DAE LCCs, it can be copper or optical.
Cable E
1
:Number:__ 6 ___ V Copper V Optical(DAE to DAE only)...... ............. Length___ 1 ____m or ft
Cable E
2
:Number:__ 2 ___ V Copper V Optical(DAE to DAE only)...... ............. Length___ 5 ____m or ft
Hardware Planning Worksheets 5-33
5
Storage System Hardware
Server 1 Server 2
Cable between server and hub
A1
A2 Cable between server and hub
A2
Hub 1 Hub 2
Cable between hub and storage system
D2
FC Loop 1
FC Loop 2
D1
DAE
DAE
DAE
DAE
DPE
SP B SP A
Storage system 1
DAE
DAE
DAE
DAE
DPE
SP B SP A
Storage system 2
E1
Cable between storage systems or enclosures
D2
D1
Cable between hub and storage system
Figure 5-17 Sample Component Worksheet for DPE-Based System with Hubs — Two
Loops
5-34
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
Storage System Hardware
5
Hardware Component Worksheet for Unshared Storage
Number of servers: 2 Adapters in servers:___ 4 ____ Hubs:___ 2 ____ MIAs (optical to copper):_______
DPE-based and DAE-only storage systems:
Rackmount DPEs:_____SP/LCC pairs:__ 4 ___ PSs:___ 4 __SPSs:_ 2 __ Rackmount cabinets:_ 2 __
Rackmount iDAEs:_____SPs:_____ PSs:_____SPSs:____ Rackmount cabinets:___
Rackmount DAEs:__ 8 ___ LCCs:__ 16 _PSs:__ 16 ___
Deskside DPEs:_____SP/ LCC pairs:_____DAE LCCs:____ DPE PSs:____ DAE PSs:____ SPSs:__
Deskside iDAEs:_____SPs:_____ DAE LCCs:____ PSs:____ SPSs:___
Deskside DAEs: 30-slot_____ 10-slot______ LCCs:_____ PSs:_____
Cables between server and storage system or between server and hub - Cable A, copper or optical
Cable A
1
:Number:__ 2 _
V
Copper
V
Optical ..................................... ..............Length_
20 _____m or ft
Cable A
2
Cable A n
:Number:__ 2 __ V Copper V Optical ................................. ..............Length_
1 0 _____m or ft
:Number:____ V Copper V Optical.................................... ..............Length________m or ft
Cables between hubs and storage systems - Cable D, copper or optical
Cable D
1
:Number:__ 2 __ V Copper V Optical .................................... ..............Length__
20 __ _m or ft
Cable D
2
:Number:__ 2 __ V Copper V Optical .................................... ..............Length___
20 ___m or ft
Cable D m
:Number:_____ V Copper V Optical.................................... ..............Length________m or ft
Cables between storage systems or enclosures - Cable E, which connects LCCs or SP-LCC; between a
DPE LCC or iDAE SP and a DAE LCC, Cable E must be copper; between DAE LCCs, it can be copper or optical.
Cable E
1
Cable E
2
:Number:_ 16 __ V Copper V Optical(DAE to DAE only)....... ..............Length___
1 ____m or ft
:Number:_____ V Copper V Optical(DAE to DAE only)....... ..............Length________m or ft
Please specify all storage-system components you need, even though you will not need to order them separately, since most or all components will be included with the model of each system you order.
What Next?
This chapter explained hardware components of shared and unshared storage systems. If you have completed the worksheets to your satisfaction, you are ready to consider ordering some of this equipment. Or you may want to read about storage management in the next chapter.
Hardware Planning Worksheets 5-35
5
Storage System Hardware
5-36
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
6
Storage-System
Management
This chapter explains the management applications you can use to manage storage systems from servers. Topics are
• Using Navisphere Manager Software .............................................6-3
• Storage Management Worksheets ...................................................6-5
Storage-System Management 6-1
6
Storage-System Management
Navisphere software lets you bind and unbind disks, manipulate caches, examine storage-system status and logged events, transfer control from one SP to another, and examine events recorded in storage system event logs.
Navisphere products have two parts: a graphical user interface (GUI) and an Agent application. The GUIs run on a management station, accessible from a common framework, and communicate with storage systems through the Agent that runs on each server. The
Navisphere products are
• Navisphere Manager, which lets you manage multiple storage systems on multiple servers simultaneously;
• Navisphere Analyzer, which lets you measure, compare, and chart the performance of SPs, LUNs, and disks.
• Navisphere Integrator, which provides an interface between
Navisphere products and HP OpenView, CA Unicenter, and
Tivoli.
• Navisphere Event Monitor, which checks storage systems for fault conditions and can notify you and/or customer service if any fault condition occurs.
• Navisphere failover software. Application-Transparent Failover
(ATF) is an optional software package for high-availability installations. ATF software lets applications continue running after the failure anywhere in the path to a LUN: a host-bus adapter, cable, switch, or SP. ATF is required for any server that has two host-bus adapters connected to the same storage system.
Another failover product is CDE (Driver Extensions) software, which has limited failover features. CDE is included with each host-bus adapter driver package.
• Navisphere Agent, which is included with each storage system, and Navisphere CLI (Command Line Interface), which lets you bypass the GUI and type commands directly to storage systems.
The Agent runs on any of several different platforms, including
Windows and popular UNIX® platforms; the other products run on
Windows platforms only.
6-2 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
Storage-System Management
6
Using Navisphere Manager Software
Navisphere Manager software (Manager) lets you manage multiple storage systems connected to servers on a TCP/IP network. Manager offers extensive management features and includes comprehensive on-line help. Manager is required for shared storage and optional for unshared storage.
Manager runs on a management station which is a Windows NT
®
or
Windows
®
2000 host. The servers connected to a storage system can run Windows or one of several UNIX® operating systems. With shared storage, servers connected to the SAN can run different operating systems; with direct (unshared direct or shared-or-clustered) storage, servers connected to the same storage system must run the same operating system.
The following figures show Navisphere Manager in shared and unshared environments.
Using Navisphere Manager Software 6-3
6
Storage-System Management
File Server
Management station and server
Operating system A
Navisphere
Manager
Navisphere
Agent
Failover
software
Mail Server
Management station and server
Operating system A
Navisphere
Manager
Navisphere
Agent
Failover
software
Switch fabric
Database Server
Operating system B
Navisphere
Agent
Failover
software
Switch fabric
Production Server
Operating system C
Navisphere
Agent
Failover
software
LAN
Path 1
Path 2
Figure 6-1 Sample Shared Switched Environment with Navisphere Manager
Accts Server
Management station and server
Operating system A
Navisphere
Supervisor
Navisphere
Agent
Database Server
Operating system B
Navisphere
Agent
Development Server
Management station and server
Operating system C
Navisphere
Supervisor
Navisphere
Agent
LAN
6-4
Figure 6-2 Sample Unshared Environment with Navisphere Manager
EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
Storage-System Management
6
Storage Management Worksheets
This section includes two worksheets: one for shared storage and one for unshared storage. The following worksheet will help you plan your storage system management environment. For each host, complete a section.
For the shared storage worksheet, complete the management station hostname and operating system; then decide whether you want the
Navisphere Analyzer and/or Event Monitor and, if so, mark the appropriate boxes. Then write the name of each managed server, with operating system, Storage Group, and configuration access specification. You can copy much of the needed information from the
LUN and Storage Group planning worksheet in Chapter 3 or 4.
Management Utility Worksheet – Shared Storage
Management station hostname:___________________Operating system:_______________
Software: V Navisphere Manager/Agent V Navisphere Analyzer V Navisphere Event Monitor
List all the servers this host will manage. Each managed server must run an Agent and ATF software of the same type as its operating system.
Server: Op sys: Storage Group number or name:
Server:
Server:
Op sys:
Op sys:
Storage Group number or name:
Storage Group number or name:
Server:
Server:
Server:
Server:
Server:
Op sys:
Op sys:
Op sys:
Op sys:
Op sys:
Storage Group number or name:
Storage Group number or name:
Storage Group number or name:
Storage Group number or name:
Storage Group number or name:
V
V
V
Config Access
Config Access
Config Access
V Config Access
V Config Access
V Config Access
V Config Access
V Config Access
Management station hostname:___________________Operating system:_______________
Software: V Navisphere Manager/Agent V Navisphere Analyzer V Navisphere Event Monitor
List all the servers this host will manage. Each managed server must run an Agent and ATF software of the same type as its operating system.
Server: Op sys: Storage Group number or name:
Server:
Server:
Op sys:
Op sys:
Storage Group number or name:
Storage Group number or name:
Server:
Server:
Server:
Server:
Server:
Op sys:
Op sys:
Op sys:
Op sys:
Op sys:
Storage Group number or name:
Storage Group number or name:
Storage Group number or name:
Storage Group number or name:
Storage Group number or name:
V
V
V
Config Access
Config Access
Config Access
V Config Access
V Config Access
V Config Access
V Config Access
V Config Access
Storage Management Worksheets 6-5
6
Storage-System Management
For unshared storage (unshared direct or shared-or-clustered direct), for each host, choose a Navisphere product. The host may be a management station that is not a server (complete only the Manager section); it may be a management station that is a server (complete the Manager section and mark the Agent box), or it may be a server
(mark the Agent box).
6-6 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
Storage-System Management
6
Management Utility Worksheet – Unshared Storage
Hostname:
Storage system type: V DPE-based
Operating system:
V iDAE-based
Software: V Navisphere Manager/Agent V Navisphere Analyzer V Navisphere Event Monitor
List all the servers this host will manage. Each managed server must run an Agent of the same type as its operating system.
Server: Oper sys: Server: Oper sys:
Server:
Server:
Server:
Oper sys:
Oper sys:
Oper sys:
Server:
Server:
Server:
Oper sys:
Oper sys:
Oper sys:
Hostname: Operating system:
Storage system type: V DPE-based V iDAE-based
Software: V Navisphere Manager and Navisphere Agent V Navisphere Agent and CLI
List all the servers this host will manage. Each managed server must run an Agent of the same type as its operating system.
Server: Oper sys: Server: Oper sys:
Server:
Server:
Server:
Oper sys:
Oper sys:
Oper sys:
Server:
Server:
Server:
Oper sys:
Oper sys:
Oper sys:
Hostname: Operating system:
Storage system type: V DPE-based V iDAE-based
Software: V Navisphere Manager and Navisphere Agent V Navisphere Agent and CLI
List all the servers this host will manage. Each managed server must run an Agent of the same type as its operating system.
Server: Oper sys: Server: Oper sys:
Server:
Server:
Oper sys:
Oper sys:
Server:
Server:
Oper sys:
Oper sys:
Server: Oper sys: Server: Oper sys:
Storage Management Worksheets 6-7
6
Storage-System Management
6-8 EMC Fibre Channel Storage-System Configuration Planning
Index
A ac power requirements
application planning
application worksheet, completing
shared 3-6, 4-4 unshared or clustered direct 4-4
applications
LUN and file system
application-transparent failover (ATF) software
array, see disk-array storage system attach kit, see host-bus adapter driver package
C
cabinets for rackmount storage systems 5-20
cabling
cache
CDE driver extensions software 6-2
CLI (Command Line Interface) 6-2
clustered installation, disk structure example 4-3
communication with storage system, see Chapter
configurations
RAID
RAID types
shared storage
unshared storage
cooling requirements
copper cable, types and sizes 5-23
CRUs (customer-replaceable units)
D
DAE, see also Disk Array Enclosure (DAE)
DAE-only storage systems
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
i-1
Index i-2
site requirements 5-18 weight 5-18
device name, operating system 3-16, 4-15
disk capacity
configuration types
configuration, see also RAID Group
LUN types
RAID types
shared storage
unit number on worksheet 3-8, 4-13
unshared storage
Disk Array Enclosure (DAE)
Disk Array Processor Enclosure (DPE)
Disk Array Processor Enclosure (DPE), see DPE storage system
disk-array storage system
communicating with, see Chapter 6
hardware
DPE storage systems
dimensions 5-14 site requirements 5-14 weight 5-14
driver extensions software (CDE) 6-2
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
E enclosure address (EA)
F fabric, switch
Fibre Channel
switch, description 1-5 switch, see switch
file system
worksheet
footprint
G
GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter), about 1-5
GUI (in storage-system management utilities) 6-3
H hardware
planning worksheets
heat dissipation
height
high availability
options for unshared storage 5-13
shared switched instllation 1-10
host-bus adapter (HBA), introduced 1-4 host-bus adapter driver package 1-4
hot spare
hub
sample hardware worksheet 5-34
I iDAE storage systems
dimensions 5-16 site requirements 5-16 weight 5-16
individual access array, see RAID 5 Group
individual disk unit
intelligent Disk Array Enclosure (iDAE), see iDAE storage systems
interface kit, see host-bus adapter driver package
L
logical volume, see file system
LUN (logical unit) configurations
RAID 1/0 Group
number on worksheet 3-8, 3-15, 4-13, 4-14
RAID types
unshared storage
examples 4-2 unshared, examples 4-2
M
MIA (media interface adapter), about 1-5
mirrored pair, see RAID 1 mirrored pair mirrored RAID 0 Group, see RAID 1/0 Group
N
Navisphere Manager utility 6-2
nonredundant array, see also RAID 0 Group
O operating system
device name for disk unit 4-15
optical cable, types and sizes 5-22
Index
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
i-3
Index i-4
P
parallel access array, see RAID 3 Group
physical disk unit, see LUN (logical unit) physical volume, see LUN (logical unit)
planning LUNs and file systems 3-6
plant requirements
power requirements
power supplies (PSs), DPE storage system 5-8
R rackmount model DPE storage system
DPE storage system
RAID Group configurations
RAID types
shared storage
types and tradeoffs, see Chapter 2
unshared storage
RAID types
RAID 0 Group
RAID 1 mirrored pair
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
RAID 1/0 Group
RAID 3 Group
RAID 5 Group
redundant array of independent disks (RAID), see
S server
connection to storage system, see cabling
planning worksheet
service clearance
shared storage
shared storage systems
hardware planning worksheets 5-24
shared-or-clustered direct installation
disk structure example 4-2, 4-3
site requirements
software mirroring, defined 2-2
SP (storage processor)
SPS (standby power supply)
storage components
storage managment worksheets 6-5
storage system caching
storage-system caching
stripe
switch
in sample shared storage configuration 3-3
switch fabric
T temperature requirements
tradeoffs
U unshared direct installation
unshared storage
hardware planning worksheets 5-27
V
W weight
storage system installation 5-20
worksheet
application 3-6 completing 3-6
component planning
worksheets component planning
Index
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
i-5
Index i-6
EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems Configuration Planning Guide
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Table of contents
- 13 Introducing EMC Fibre Channel Storage Systems
- 13 Fibre Channel Background
- 13 Fibre Channel Storage Components
- 13 Software)
- 13 Interconnect Components
- 13 (SPs), and Other Hardware)
- 13 Types of Storage System Installations
- 13 Networks)
- 13 Storage Groups
- 13 Storage System Hardware for Shared Storage
- 13 About Unshared Storage
- 13 Storage System Hardware for Unshared Storage
- 14 Introducing RAID
- 14 Disk Striping
- 14 Mirroring
- 14 RAID Groups and LUNs
- 14 RAID Types
- 14 RAID 5 Group (Individual Access Array)
- 14 RAID 3 Group (Parallel Access Array)
- 67 RAID 1 Mirrored Pair
- 67 RAID 0 Group (Nonredundant Array)
- 67 RAID 1/0 Group (Mirrored RAID 0 Group)
- 67 Individual Disk Unit
- 67 Hot Spare
- 67 RAID Benefits and Tradeoffs
- 67 Performance
- 67 Storage Flexibility
- 67 Data Availability and Disk Space Usage
- 67 Guidelines for RAID Types
- 67 Sample Applications for RAID Types
- 68 Dual Paths to LUNs
- 68 Sample Shared Switched Installation
- 68 Planning Applications, LUNs, and Storage Groups
- 68 Application and LUN Planning
- 68 Application and LUN Planning Worksheet
- 68 LUN and Storage Group Planning Worksheet
- 68 LUN Details Worksheet
- 69 Dual SPs and Paths to LUNs
- 69 Unshared Direct and Shared-or-Clustered Direct Storage
- 69 Sample Unshared Direct Installation
- 69 Sample Shared-or-Clustered Direct Installation
- 69 Planning Applications and LUNs
- 69 Application and LUN Planning
- 69 Application and LUN Planning Worksheet
- 69 LUN Planning Worksheet
- 69 Completing the LUN Details Worksheet
- 70 Hardware for Shared Storage
- 70 Systems
- 70 Disks
- 70 Storage Processor (SP)
- 85 Hardware for Unshared Storage
- 85 Types of Storage System for Unshared Storage
- 85 Disks
- 85 Storage Processor (SP)
- 85 Planning Your Hardware Components
- 85 Configuration Tradeoffs - Shared Storage
- 85 Configuration Tradeoffs - Unshared Storage
- 85 Hardware Data Sheets
- 85 DPE Data Sheet
- 85 iDAE Data Sheet
- 85 DAE Data Sheet
- 85 Cabinets for Rackmount Enclosures
- 85 Cable and Configuration Guidelines
- 85 Hardware Planning Worksheets
- 85 Hardware for Shared Storage
- 85 Hardware Component Worksheet for Shared Storage
- 85 Hardware for Unshared Storage
- 86 Using Navisphere Manager Software
- 86 Storage Management Worksheets