Schneider Electric MAPWAY Network User Guide

PDF

Dokumen

Section

1 Introduction

Contents

1.1 Documentation Presentation

1.2 Telemecanique’s Mapway Product Line

2 Mapway Network Presentation

Contents

2.1 Mapway Network Layout Examples

2.2 Mapway Connection Interfaces

2.3 Services

2.4 Characteristics and Performance

3 Mapway Network Operation

Contents

3.1 Token Bus Principles

3.2 Accessing the Token Bus

3.3 Carrier-Band Network Principles

4 Mapway Design and Installation

Contents

4.1 Connection Accessories

4.2 Designing the Network

4.3 Fitting Connectors to the Cables

4.4 Network Installation Rules

4.5 Installing and Testing the Network

Dialogue 5

General Contents

Section

5 Network Diagnostics

Contents

5.1 Netdiag Software

5.2 TSX T407 Terminal

6 Appendix

Contents

6.1 Reminders on the ISO Model

6.2 Detailed Mapway Frame Coding

6.3 Parameters Used by Mapway

6.4 Network Planning Sheet

6.5 Telway Network Restrictions

6.6 Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion Table

6.7 ASCII Code Table

6.8 Glossary of Mapway Terms

General Contents

Introduction

Sub-section

1.1 Documentation Presentation

1.2 Telemecanique’s Mapway Product Line

1.2-1 About the MAP Standard

Introduction 1

Section 1

Page

1.1 Documentation Presentation

The Mapway documentation is designed for users implementing a Mapway network.

The complete documentation set and the points covered are described below:

This Reference Manual covers Mapway network:

• Operating principles,

• Installation and testing principles,

• Implementation of Control, Adjust and Diagnostic functions,

• Technical characteristics,

• Terminology including a glossary of terms.

Specialized User’s Manuals are available for each device or family of devices that can be connected to a Mapway network. The main points covered by these manuals include:

• Device description,

• Mapway network implementation or connection of each device,

• Mapway network performance,

• Mapway network operation with Telemecanique terminals or programs,

• Remote diagnostics functions via the network.

A specialized A5 format manual is supplied with each product.

This A5 format manual can be inserted in an A5 format binder with dividers. The

TSX DAC 1 binder must be ordered separately.

MAPWAY

†

TSX MAP VAX 7

†

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

†

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

†

TSX MAP 207

†

TSX MAP 1074

Mapway Module

User's Manual

†

Mapway Network

Reference Manual

†

Introduction 1

1.2 Telemecanique’s Mapway Product Line

The spread of distributed automation systems means increased communication requirements. More connection points are required and more data needs to be exchanged.

To reduce the cost of communication, dedicated or proprietary solutions specific to each application or vendor are being replaced by standardized communication systems that are the only ones able to support future developments.

The Mapway network ensures compatibility both with MAP, the recognized industry standard and with the existing installed base of TSX Series 7 PLCs, in particular those using Telway 7 networks. Mapway is Telemecanique’s response to changing network requirements.

1.2-1 About the MAP Standard

The first work on Manufacturing Automation Protocol, known by its initials MAP, required that all connected devices support Open System Interconnection, i.e. the seven layers of the ISO model. This Full-MAP layout is fully justified when performing file transfers between computers or cell controllers, up/downloading manufacturing programs or recipes for PLCs, interconnecting machine tool or robot controllers. It is not really suitable for “real-time” communication between automated system controllers.

For this reason, the MAP standard accepts the use of a simplified communication layout that supports only three of the seven layers available. This simultaneously reduces the amount of software, the response time and the cost of each connection.

This simplified layout is known as Mini-MAP or Enhanced Performance Architecture

(EPA). An additional cost reduction fa ctor is the use of carrier-band communication for Mini-MAP in place of broadband communication as specified for the full seven layer MAP standard.

The MAP standard also supports a layout known as Manufacturing Automation

Protocol/Enhanced Performance Architecture (MAP/EPA). Systems that support

MAP/EPA have a double layout that supports both Full-MAP and Mini-MAP.

In developing Mapway, Telemecanique ensured the best possible performance in applications supporting communication between automation system components by selecting a Mini-MAP network layout.

Mapway is a carrier-band, token bus network with a data-rate of 5 Mb/s that uses

75 Ohm coax. cable. It is directly accessed by Telemecanique application services, i.e. COM words and Uni-TE services. The next section of this manual provides a detailed description of the functions and features of Mapway.

Network layout reminders:

MAP ISO

Application

MAP Mini MAP

Mini-MAP

Application

7- Application

6- Presentation

5- Session

4- Transport

3- Network

2- Data Link

LLC type1

(no ack)

MAC

1- Physical

LLC

MAC

Application

2- Data Link

LLC type1+3

(ack)

MAC

1- Physical

MAP MAP/EPA Mini-MAP

(EPA)

Refer to the Appendix, sub-section 6.1 for a full description of the different layers of the ISO model.

Mapway Network Presentation 2

Mapway Network Presentation

Section 2

Sub-section

2.1 Mapway Network Layout Examples

2.1-1 General

2.1-2 Single Network Layout

2.1-3 Multiple Network Layout - Redundancy

2.1-4 Multiple Network Layout - Data Concentrator

2.1-5 Multiple Network Layout - Bridge

2.2 Mapway Connection Interfaces

2.2-1 TSX MAP 1074 Module

2.2-2 TSX MAP PC74 Interface Board

2.2-3 TSX MAP VAX Interface Boards

2.2-4 NUM 22130 Module

2.3 Services

2.3-1 COM Word Service

2.3-2 Uni-TE Services

2.3-3 Standard Application-to-Application Communication

2.3-4 Priority Communication - Telegram

2.4 Characteristics and Performance

2.4-1 Characteristics

2.4-2 Performance

Page

2.1 Mapway Network Layout Examples

2.1-1 General

Note: In a communication layout, the term network (or multiple network) is synonymous with the term segment (or multi-segment). In this manual the term network (or multiple networks) will be used.

Mapway is specially designed for applications such as:

• Coordination between PLCs, machine tool or robot controllers, CNC systems, etc. at factory floor level.

• Local or centralized supervision and communication with production management computer systems. This is the interface level between factory floor systems and plant-wide management systems.

These applications are supported by the various devices that can be connected to

Mapway:

• TSX Series 7 modular PLCs,

• NUM machine tool and robot numerical controllers,

• ACMA robot control systems,

• Monitor supervision systems,

• IBM and DEC personal and industrial computers (PC-PS/2 and MicroVAX, IVAX systems respectively),

• FTX 507 workstations.

The high data-rate (5 Mb/s) supported by M apway and the guaranteed token transit time mean that Mapway is ideally suited to all industrial coordination and supervision applications. Mapway is designed especially for:

There are a number of ways to design and set-up a Mapway network:

• Simple layouts (single networks) where only one segment connects all stations,

• Hierarchical networks (multiple networks) where multiple segments are connected together by common PLCs (network nodes).

There are two types of network node:

• Bridges where the node PLC routes messages from one network to the other,

• Multiple network stations where the node PLC collects and exchanges data separately with each network, but does not ensure transparent data routing between networks.

Examples illustrating the different types of network layouts are described in this section.

Mapway Network Presentation 2

2.1-2 Single Network Layout

The example described below is a typical small manufacturing process application.

The production cell comprises:

• A transfer system (TSX Series 7 PLC),

• A part load/unload position (Robonum 800),

• A pallet control position (TSX Series 7 PLC),

• A machining position (NUM 760),

• A cell supervision and control position (Monitor 77),

• A zone controller/production management system that ensures communication with plant-wide computer systems (Micr oVAX),

• An IBM PC micro-computer,

• An FTX 507 workstation.

DECNET (Factory Network)

Supervision

Cell control

(Monitor 77)

µVAX

Zone controller

Production management

TSX 7

PALLET

CONTROL

TSX 7

TRANSFER

MAPWAY

MACHINING

NUM

760

OFF

XBT

FTX 507

LOAD AND

UNLOAD

ROBONUM

800

IBM PC

XGS

XGS On

DEF1

DEF2

IN1

IN2

OUT1

OUT2

XGS

XGS On

DEF1

DEF2

IN1

IN2

OUT1

OUT2

Robot

Machine tool

XGS

XGS On

DEF1

DEF2

IN1

IN2

OUT1

OUT2

ATV 5

†

This application ensures close coordination between the various controllers, reducing manufacturing time and eliminating stoppages. Production quality is ensured by monitoring product and tool condition.

The control position sends commands (Start/Stop) to the controllers and downloads the production programs.

The control system:

• Supports real-time animated man-machine interface displays,

• Returns alarm signals to the management systems,

• Stores all event data, simplifying troubleshooting and providing system operation statistics.

The cell controller receives production orders from the management level above it.

It returns the following data to the management system level:

• Production result data,

• Product quality data,

• Machine work load levels, etc.

The user transparency provided by Mapway allows all of the networks in the cell to communicate with each other using the Uni-TE protocol.

This applies especially to an FTX 507 directly connected to the Mapway network.

It allows the user access to all operating modes and functions normally accessible in Local mode (access to variables, application program transfer, device control, etc.) with virtually the same response times. User transparency becomes total thanks to high network performance levels.

An FTX 507 workstation terminal with Netdiag software also lets the user run network and station diagnostics and analyze current exchanges on the local network segment using the Trace function. Trace is a built-in network exchange frame analysis tool. It also lets the user store to disk a record of frames transiting the network, showing any brief events for later analysis.

PLC type stations use the COM word service to exchange data independently of application programs. In this case, two stations share this service, allowing each of them a total of 64 words of 16 bits that can be updated on each PLC cycle.

For high priority messages, the PLCs can use telegram text blocks for applicationto-application exchanges that take less than 30 ms, regardless of their respective cycle times.

All of these functions ensure fast and reliable exchanges. This ensures high availability and high performance in the installation.

1 0

Mapway Network Presentation 2

2.1-3 Multiple Network Layout - Redundancy

A Mapway network layout does not provide any redundancy to allow for serious network incidents. It is possible to obtain high levels of operating security via the application program, as shown below:

A B C D

Network N1

Network N2

All stations are connected to two different Mapway networks, networks N1 and N2, via two TSX MAP 1074 Mapway modules.

Each station will therefore have two Network-Station addresses: N1S1 on Mapway network N1 and N2S2 on Mapway network N1.

The application program of each PLC periodically checks the ability to access all stations through network 1.

If all stations can be accessed, messages to other stations in the layout will be sent to the N1S1 address of the destination target station.

If a problem is encountered, the PLCs will switch over to Mapway network 2, replacing the destination N1S1 address with N2S2.

Note: This type of operation can be extended to COM words also. Station A using COMi,j or COMB,i,j depending on whether network 1 or network

2 can be accessed.

1 1

2.1-4 Multiple Network Layout - Data Concentrator

In the example shown below, the factory has two identical production lines. Because of their length and the number of devices to connect, it is impossible to use a single

Mapway network segment.

OFF

Network 1 Network 2

Station 1 Station 1

Station 2

Station 3

Station 2

Station 3

Station 4 Station 4

The various processes are not designed for exchanges between networks. Only supervision data must be sent to the supervision level. In this case, the network PLC is only used as a data concentrator for the data from the two production line Mapway networks.

This fully independent layout means that intervention on one production line without affecting the other production line, while at the same time releasing the network node PLC that becomes redundant.

Refer to the Appendix, sub-section 6.5, for the restrictions that apply when choosing a Telway network.

1 2

Mapway Network Presentation 2

2.1-5 Multiple Network Layout - Bridge

In this example, the factory comprises a number of production shops, technical, sales and management departments etc.

ETHERNET

µVAX

CAD

TSX 7

MAPWAY

TSX 7

µVAX

PPM

TSX 7

µVAX

Sales

Department

µVAX

Central Management

Computer

IBM PC MONITOR

OFF

Cell 1

Cell 2

Cell n

Large data exchanges take place between the various departments. Two different types of network were installed to separate the data flows and improve installation performance and reliability:

• An Ethernet/Decnet computer network to which the computers are connected,

• A number of industrial networks that carry production data to the supervision levels or control information from a computer terminal in the design office for example, used to control PLCs or numerical controllers.

1 3

The production facility is divided into different production lines that are relatively independent from each other and therefore only exchange limited amounts of data.

The communication layout will naturally follow the same layout and with a Mapway network for each production shop. The number of devices that can be connected

(64) and the guaranteed response time of a Mapway network ensure fast updating of data exchanged between the various cells that form the shops.

A Monitor 77 supervisor directly connected to each shop network is used to locally monitor production.

The shop networks are connected as branches off another Mapway network segment via bridge PLCs.

The MicroVAX computers that provide the interface to the facility wide Ethernet computer network and the FTX 507 terminal are also connected to this common network. All of the functions described in sub-section 2.1-2, Single Network Layout are available from the FTX 507, except the Trace function that can only be used on the local segment that the terminal is connected to.

The primary benefits of this network layout are:

• Data flow separation, ensuring that the different network segments are not needlessly busy,

• Intervention on one network segment is possible, without affecting normal operation in the rest of the facility.

The user transparency provided by a Telemecanique multiple network layout ensures that any connected device can address any other device on the network.

1 4

Mapway Network Presentation 2

2.2 Mapway Connection Interfaces

2.2-1 TSX MAP 1074 Module

TSX Series 7 Model 40 (V4) PLC fitted with the following processors:

• TSX P47-420,

• TSX P67-410/420,

• TSX P87-410/420,

• TSX P107-410/420, and TSX Series 7 V3 PLCs:

MAP 107

DEF

INR

• TSX 47-31,

• TSX 67-21,

• TSX 87-31, connect to a Mapway network through a

TSX MAP 1074 and its TSX MAP ACC1 terminal block.

NET

The TSX MAP 1074 module is a single height module that can be installed in any slot of the basic PLC rack. Depending on the PLC configuration, 1 to 4 modules can be installed.

For more information on this module, refer to the TSX MAP 1074 Mapway Module

User’s Manual (TSX DM MAP 107 V4E).

2.2-2 TSX MAP PC74 Interface Board

This board is used to connect microcomputers equipped with a

PC-AT (ISA) type bus to Mapway.

The board is installed in the microcomputer, in one of the available expansion slots. It can operate with systems running DOS 3.0

or higher.

It can also be used to connect Monitor 77 V2.30 systems equipped with an ISA bus and FTX 507.3 terminals to Mapway.

The Telemecanique Mapway-DOS software driver and a User's Manual is supplied with this board.

1 5

2.2-3 TSX MAP VAX Interface Boards

The TSX MAP VAX74 board is used to connect Digital Equipment

Corporation (DEC) MicroVAX II

(Qbus) computers running VMS

5.0 or higher operating system to

Mapway.

The TSX MAP VAX174 board is used to connect DEC MicroVAX

3xxx and IVAX (Qbus) computers running VMS 5.0 or higher operating system to Mapway.

These boards are installed in the computer, in one of the available expansion slots.

The Mapway-VMS software driver and a User's Manual is supplied with this board.

2.2-4 NUM 22130 Module

The NUM 22130 module is used to connect NUM 760 machine tool numerical controllers and Robonum 800 robot controllers to Mapway.

This module is installed in one of the available slots in the numerical controller. Only one Mapway module can be installed in a numerical controller.

1 6

Mapway Network Presentation 2

2.3 Services

2.3-1 COM Word Services

Mapway supports the TSX Series 7 COM (common) word services. The complete set of COM words forms a data base that is distributed among some or all of the devices connected to the network. Only PLCs use this service.

• The data base comprises 256 words of 16 bits.

• Depending on their configuration, all network stations can access this data base.

• When configuring a module it is possible to:

• Inhibit its COM word activity,

• Enable its COM word activity in read only,

• Enable its COM word activity in read and write,

• Declare the number of COM words (from 4 to 64) handled by the station. All stations on a network that exchange COM words must be configured to handle the same number of COM words.

• Each TSX MAP 1074 module has a memory field of 256 words of 16 bits that is reserved for exchanges between PLCs. This memory field is split in to sub sets of words. Depending on the number of stations that send COM words on the network, it is possible to have a maximum of:

• 4 COM words per station for 64 active stations,

• 8 COM words per station for 32 active stations,

• 16 COM words per station for 16 active stations,

• 32 COM words per station for 8 active stations,

• 64 COM words per station for 4 active stations,

Stations that are declared active for the exchange of COM words must have low network addresses (e.g. for 32 stations that each handle 8 COM words, these stations must be numbered from 0 to 31).

Important:

Restrictions that apply to TSX Series 7 V3 PLCs (TSX 47-31, TSX 67-21 and

TSX 87-31):

• The COM word data base comprises 64 word of 16 bits,

• Depending on their configuration, only stations 0 to 15 can access the data base,

• The number of COM words is set at 4 per station.

Consequently, if TSX Series 7 PLCs are present on a network and if they are configured to exchange COM words, the number of COM words must be set at four words per station. TSX Series 7 V3 PLCs must have a network address no higher than 15 and they can only receive COM words from stations with an address no higher than 15.

1 7

Principle of operation

When the Mapway interface of a station waiting to send COM words receives the token, if the COM words have been updated by the CPU of the station and are ready for sending, then the Mapway interface sends the COM words.

On reception of these COM words, the Mapway interface of any station using the

COM word service updates the corresponding field and makes the COM words available to the CPU of the station.

Use of the distributed COM word data base is recommended for the periodical sending of status variables without adding extra application program workload.

To send data on brief events, application-to-application communication with a confirm is recommended as transmission is guaranteed.

Station 0 Station 1 Station 63 max.

OPER.

Write:

To COM field in the station

Common memory field

(256 16-bit words)

OPER.

Read:

Available to all connected stations

1 8

Mapway Network Presentation 2

2.3-2 Uni-TE Services

Mapway supports Telemecanique’s Uni-TE industrial message system protocol.

Uni-TE enables point-to-point communications using a question and answer dialog called Request/Confirm.

Dialog sequencing

A device that supports the Uni-TE protocol can be a:

CLIENT: This device initiates communication. It asks a question (reads), sends a command (writes) or an order (Run, Stop, etc.),

SERVER: This device executes the order sent by the client and sends a confirm after execution.

The services supported depend on the type of device, e.g. PLC, numerical controller, programming terminal, supervision system. Depending on its function, each device can be a Client and/or a Server.

The maximum message length is 128 characters.

1 Request

Client Server 2 Action

3 Confirm

Uni-TE is especially suited to applications such as supervision, diagnostics and control.

Exchange integrity

The Uni-TE service uses a data link level transmission and acknowledgment exchange (LLC type 3).

1 9

2.3-3 Standard Application-to-Application Communication

Mapway also supports communication between applications in point-to-point mode by TXT text block. This service is the same as the Uni-TE Unsolicited Data service and does not provide a confirm.

This service is especially suited to:

• Sending alarm messages from a PLC to supervision station,

• Exchanging data tables between two PLCs under the control of the application programs in the source and destination device.

Station 0 Station 1 Station 15

Table of Wi internal or

CWi constant words

2 0

Mapway Network Presentation 2

2.3-4 Priority Communication - Telegram

The telegram service is a special type of application-to-application message designed to transmit occasional urgent and high priority data between two PLCs on the same network segment.

A telegram from the PLC processor to its network module is processed immediately without waiting for the end of the PLC cycle.

It can be received by:

• Scanning the fast task,

• Sending an interrupt (as soon as the message reaches the destination network module) and processing in the interrupt task.

The maximum size of messages sent using this service is restricted to 16 bytes.

IT Task Read TLG

CYT

IT Task Fast or Mast

Write TLG

Note: Only TSX Series 7 Model 40 (V4) PLCs support the telegram service.

2 1

2.4 Characteristics and Performance

2.4-1 Characteristics

Layout

Type:

Layout:

Access Method:

Open Industrial Local Area Network (ILAN),

Bus with passive drops,

Token passing on a logical ring (IEEE 802.4 standard).

Transmission

Mode:

Binary data-rate: 5 Mb/s,

Medium: 75 Ohm coax. cable,

Priorities:

Carrier-band with phase coherent frequency modulation

(IEEE 802.4 standard),

Mapway can handle four priority levels:

• 6: Telegram (highest priority),

• 4: COM word service,

• 2: Uni-TE services and application-to-application communication,

• 0: Service messages (lowest priority).

Configuration

Nbr. of stations: 64 max. per segment,

Nbr. of segments: 127 max.,

Length: 700 meters max. between end stations. The total length depends on the number of stations and the type of taps used (see diagrams below),

Passive drops:

700 meters for 28 stations,

467 meters for 64 stations,

50 meters max.

2 2

Mapway Network Presentation 2

The two diagrams below are used to determine the maximum permissible distance between end stations on a Mapway network. The maximum length depends on the number of devices connected to the network. The tables allow for 25 meter passive drops at each end of the trunk cable.

Number of stations allowed

32 TSX MAP ACC2

ACC2

10 TSX MAP ACC2

100 300 338 500 700

Length (meters)

Number of stations allowed

16 TSX MAP ACC4

ACC4

7 TSX MAP ACC4

100 300 467 500 700

Length (meters)

For network configuration calculation rules, refer to sub-section 4.2-1.

2 3

2.4-2 Performance

The Mapway data-rate of five megabytes a second (5 Mb/s) will never restrict the performance of an application.

Communication time on a segment:

• Transmission time for a byte of data: 1.6

µ s,

• Station delay time between two frames: approx. 10

µ s (token/token, token/ message, message/acknowledgement, acknowledgement/message),

• Token transmission time (21 bytes): 34

µ s,

• Transmission time for four COM words (34 bytes): 54

µ s (no acknowledgement is sent),

• Message transmission time:

• 32 character message (75 bytes)

• 128 character message (171 bytes)

• 256 character message (299 bytes)

: 120

µ s,

: 274

µ s,

: 478

µ s.

Approx. 20

µ s must be added to the above times to allow for acknowledgement.

Examples:

1 Pass a station without a message: 44

µ s (token 34

µ s + station delay 10

µ s),

Token

44 µs

Station

Delay Token

Send four COM words: 108

µ s (token 34

µ s + station delay 10

µ s + 4 COM words

µ s + station delay 10

µ s),

Token

Station

Delay

4 COM Station

Words Delay

108 µs

Token

3 Send four COM words and two messages of 128 characters: 736

µ s (token 34

µ s

+ station delay 10

µ s + 4 COM words 54

µ s + station delay 10

µ s + 128 character message 274

µ s + station delay 10

µ s + acknowledgement 20

µ s + station delay

µ s + 128 character message 274

µ s + station delay 10

µ s + acknowledgement

µ s + station delay 10

µ s).

Token

Station 4 COM

Delay Words

Station 128 Char.

Delay Message

Station

Delay

Ack

Station 128 Char.

Delay Message

Station

Delay

736 µs

Ack

Station

Delay Token

2 4

Mapway Network Presentation 2

Communication time between two segments:

The transmission time for a message between two network segments equals the sum of the following times:

• Message transmission from the source device to the PLC that supports the bridge between the two network segments,

• Message routing by the bridge PLC (the routing time depends on the workload of the PLC processor and on the ratio of cycle type to application program execution time). The routing time is approx. 20 to 25 ms for a 128 byte message.

• Message transmission time from the bridge to the destination station.

Token Hold Time

The maximum time that a station can hold the token is 819

µ s.

Network Cycle Time

The network cycle time is the time that a station has to wait before the token returns to it.

Examples:

1 64 stations, no messages, the network cycle time is 64 x (Token + station delay)

= 2.8 ms,

2 64 stations, fully loaded network, the network cycle time is 64 x Token hold time

= 52 ms,

3 32 stations. During a network cycle, 6 stations send 4 COM words each, 4 stations send 4 COM words and two 128 character messages, the other stations only pass the token.

The network cycle time is:

(6 x 108

µ s) + (4 x 736

µ s) + (22 x 44

µ s) = 4.6 ms,

The diagram opposite shows the network cycle time, depending on the number of stations and on the network load:

Network Cycle Time (ms)

Load 100%

The response time of the individual applications is not affected by the network cycle time. It only depends on the processing capacity of the various connected devices.

Load 20%

Load 0%

8 16 32 48 64

Number of stations

2 5

2 6

Mapway Network Operation 3

Mapway Network Operation

Section 3

Sub-section

3.1 Token Bus Principles

3.1-1 General

3.1-2 Mapway Frame Format

3.2 Accessing the Token Bus

3.2-1 Initializing the Logical Ring

3.2-2 Passing the Token/Deleting a Station

3.2-3 Adding a Station

3.3 Carrier-Band Network Principles

3.3-1 Carrier-Band Network Components

3.3-2 Signal Characteristics

3.3-3 Signal Attenuation

3.3-4 Return Loss

3.3-5 Distortion and Noise

Page

2 7

3.1 Token Bus Principles

3.1-1 General

Each device on a token bus is identified by a unique data link address (MAC address): network number and station number.

The network number takes the following values:

• 0 in single segment layouts,

• 1 to 127 in multiple segment layouts or in single segment layouts where later expansion is planned.

The station number is the address of the device on the segment.

The network and station addresses are derived from the MAC address as described in sub-section 6.2-3.

The token bus used by Mapway and defined to IEEE 802.4 standards operates like a logical ring. Each station only knows two other stations:

• The MAC station that precedes it (higher address), and

• The MAC station that follows it (lower address).

The token is passed to down to the next station with a lower MAC data link address.

Example

The data is sent by a coupler

(CPL) type text block with the following characteristics:

When station 17 has the token

@ : 17 @ : 20 @ : 1

(i.e. the right the send), it sends any messages that it has

@ : 12 @ : 5 prepared over the network.

Once transmission is complete, station 17 passes the token to station 12, the next station on the network.

Once station 12 has the token, it in turn sends any messages it has prepared, then passes the token to the next station on the network, in this case station 5. This procedure is repeated until station 20 passes the token to station 17, starting a new cycle.

A station that receives the token and has no messages to send will immediately pass the token to the next station.

2 8

Mapway Network Operation 3

Deterministic networks

Only one station at a time can transmit on a token bus. To guarantee a maximum

Mapway network access time, a station must relinquish the token after approx.

800

µ s, whether or not it has been able to send all of the messages it has prepared.

Any messages that are not sent will not be lost, they will be sent when the station receives the token on the next network cycle.

To ensure that urgent messages are sent first, Mapway follows IEEE 802.4

standards and handles four priority levels depending on the type of message:

Priority 6 Telegrams,

Priority 4 COM words,

Priority 2 Messages with a confirm (Uni-TE service and a pplication-to-application messages),

Priority 0 Service messages.

This enables a level to be determined below which it is possible to ensure that a station can send any messages that are critical for the application. This level applies regardless of the network load factor at a given time.

Message acknowledgement

On a Mapway network, point-to-point messages are acknowledged (LLC class 3).

Acknowledgement is an additional factor in ensuring communication reliability on the network. A source device is immediately advised of any message loss enabling it to repeat transmission.

The acknowledgement is automatically controlled by the network interfaces and is performed before the station passes on the token.

For the example below, the successive steps are:

1 Token arrives at @:12,

2 Message for @:1,

Acknowledgement to @:12,

4 Token is passed on to @:5,

5 Token is passed on to @:1,

And so on...

@ : 17

Token

@ : 12

@ : 20 message

ACK

4 Token

@ : 5

@ : 1

Token

Broadcast messages (service messages, COM words) cannot be acknowledged as they have multiple destinations.

2 9

3.1-2 Mapway Frame Format

A Mapway frame comprises:

Preamble

2 bytes

Start Frame Delimiter

1 byte

Destination Address

6 bytes

MAC Address

Source Address

6 bytes

LLC

Data

0 to 278 bytes

CRC Check

4 bytes

Frame control

1 byte

End Frame Delimiter

1 byte

Data for

COM Word Service

Data for

Uni-TE Service

TSX Series 7

Datagram

Preamble

This data is coded in 2 bytes and establishes the synchronization and the start frame delimiter.

Frame Control

This byte indentifies the type of frame sent (check frame, data frame, priority level, etc.).

3 0

Mapway Network Operation 3

Destination and Source addresses

The frame must include the address of the source and destination stations. Each of these addresses are encoded in 6 bytes.

Data

Two types of data are sent on the network:

• Data for COM word services,

• Data for Uni-TE services (and application-to-application communication).

Depending on the service used, the data in the frames will differ. The maximum amount of data is 256 bytes.

CRC Check (Frame Check Sequence)

These four control bytes are used to check that the exchange is performed correctly.

The control code is calculated by the source station and sent after the data. The destination station recalculates the code and compares it with that received from the source. If the two do not match, the message is refused by the destination station.

For a detailed description of frame coding, refer to the Appendix, sub-section 6.2.

3 1

3.2 Accessing the Token Bus

3.2-1 Initializing the Logical Ring

The logical ring is initialized when the token is lost. Initialization determines the station that is the first to have the token. Initialization is performed each time the network is powered up and when a station fails while it has the token.

The determination algorithm ensures that the station with the highest address gets the token.

Principle

On initialization of the logical ring, each station sends “claim token” frames that are proportional in length to their address on the network.

Example: Station with address 63

63 in binary coded decimal becomes 01 10 00 11

01 10 00 11 send a frame of 6 time units, send a frame of 1 time unit, send a frame of 4 time units, send a frame of 2 time units,

Each station starts by sending the address frame, starting with the MSB (2 time units in the above example) then listens on the line to determine if another station is sending. If another transmission is in progress the station gives up its claim.

When the station no longer detects any transmission on the bus, it sends the next address frame. Once again it waits to determine if another station is sending on the bus. Depending on the result, it will continue by sending the next frame or give up its claim.

This procedure is continued until a station (the one with the highest address) is the only one left on the network. When this is the case, the station sends a claim token.

The length of the claim token is determined by two random bits, to avoid a conflict if an addressing error occurred and two different stations were assigned the same address on the network. This station claims the token and the logical ring is initialized.

3 2

Mapway Network Operation 3

Example with 4 stations on the network

@ : 59

01 01 10 01

2t 2t 4t 2t random t

@ : 54

01 01 01 00

@ : 50

01 01 00 00

@ : 48

01 00 10 00

1 2 3 4 5

BUS

1 No station is sending on the network, so all stations will send another frame,

2 The station with address 48 gives up its claim as it detects that other stations are still sending after it has finished its own transmission,

3 The stations with addresses 50 and 54 give up their claims,

The station with address 59 is the only station on the network that is still sending so it is free to send the randomly generated claim token,

5 The logical ring is initialized. The station with address 59 can send the token.

3 3

3.2-2 Passing the Token/Deleting a Station

A station only knows the address of the stations that precede and follow it.

During normal operation, the token is passed from one station to another, in falling address order. Once the token has been passed, the source station awaits acknowledgement from the next station, indicating that the token has been received.

A source station can fail to receive a valid acknowledgement frame for a number of reasons, e.g. noise on the line, station failure or a station absent from the logical ring.

The sender continues to listen on the line for four times the “slot time”. Any source station must listen to the line for the duration of the slot time (410

µ s) and wait for an acknowledgement .

Once the slot time is up, and if the sender has still not received a valid acknowledgement frame, it again sends the token to the destination station.

If once again nothing happens, the destination station is considered to have failed and is no longer a part of the logical ring.

The station that still has the token will then seek to determine the address of the station after the one that has just failed. To do so it sends a “who follows” frame. The correct station will then send back a “set successor” frame that gives its address.

The token is then sent to it and network operation can continue normally.

If the source station receives no response to a “who follows” frame, it will try again.

If there is still no response after a retry, the source station will send a “solicit successor” frame to all stations on the network. This procedure determines whether another station is available to receive the token. If no response is received, a serious network failure has occurred. The station that is the only one left in the logical ring will listen to the line and determine if any other stations connect to the network.

A detailed example is described overleaf.

Note: Details of the coding of the “who follows”, “solicit successor” and “set successor” frames are given in the Appendix, sub-section 6.2.

3 4

Mapway Network Operation 3

Example showing token passing between stations 30, 20 and 10. Station 20 has failed or disconnected:

@ : 30 @ : 20 @ : 10

Send Token

St.30 St.20

St.20 sends data or 1st. token St.10

Noise or silence on the line

Station 30 waits for 4 t

Send 2nd. token

St.30 St.20

Noise or silence on the line

Station 20 failure

Send "Who follows St.20"

Receive "Set Successor 10" Fault

Send 2nd. "Who follows"

St.10 response No response

Send "Solicit Successor" to all stations

(as defined in the installation algorithm)

Send Token

St.30 St.10

St. 20 Failure

Response from a station

Send Token to this station

No response

Serious failure on the network. This station is the only one left on the network

Send data if required.

Listen for other stations connecting to the network

3 5

3.2-3 Adding a Station

Each station that is part of the logical ring must check if any new stations have connected to the ring.

Periodically, every station sends a “solicit successor 1” frame while it has the token.

This frame enables connection of any new station with an address value between those of the source and the next station to connect to the logical ring.

If no station responds to this frame, then there is no station ready to connect to the logical ring.

If a station wants to connect, it sends its address to the source of the “solicit successor 1” frame, using a “set successor” frame. The new station will now be recognized by the station that precedes it in the logical ring.

If multiple “set successor” frames are received by the connected station, it sends a

“resolve contention” frame. This frame determines which stations want to connect and inserts them into the logical ring.

Example

Adding a station with address 58, between stations 50 and 59:

@ : 50 @ : 54 @ : 59

@ : 59

01 01 10 11

Solicit.

Succ.

Token

59-54

@ : 50 @ : 54

@ : 54

01 01 01 00

Set Success.

Bus

@ : 59

3 6

Mapway Network Operation 3

3.3 Carrier-Band Network Principles

3.3-1 Carrier-Band Network Components

The cabling system for a carrier-band network comprises all of the on-line devices that make up the “medium” layer of a network. An example of a cabling system is illustrated below:

Terminator Terminator

Tap

Trunk cable

Station Drop cable Station

The trunk cable connects the taps together. Passive two-way taps are used, enabling the connection of one or more stations (usually 2 or 4) via drop cables.

The cable used is 75 Ohm impedance coax. The trunk cable uses RG11/U low attenuation coax. while more flexible RG6/U coax. cable is used for the drop cables.

Low cost, fast installation type F screw together connectors are used.

As the complete wiring system is impedance matched at 75 Ohm, terminators must be used:

• At each end of the trunk cable,

• On unused connector ports on the taps,

• At the end of unused drop cables.

3 7

3.3-2 Signal Characteristics

The electrical signals on a carrier-band network correspond to the three types of symbols from the physical layer: Zero, One and Not-Data.

This type of signal modulation is called Phase Coherent Frequency Shift Key (FSK).

Zero One Not-Data

+Peak

Usable

-Peak

0.2 µsec

Each basic bit is a 0.2

µ s time unit.

A Zero is shown by two 10 MHz periods.

A One is shown by a single 5 MHz period.

A pair of Not-Data symbols is shown by a 10 MHz period followed by a 5 MHz period followed by another 10 MHz period.

The frequency shifts always take place after the signal first returns to zero to ensure phase coherence.

The unit used to measure the amplitude of the electrical signals is the dBmV

(deciBel milliVolt). This logarithmic unit is easier to use than Volts or milliVolts when measuring or comparing electrical signals whose amplitude varies over a wide voltage range (from a few mV to many Volts). To convert the amplitude of a signal into dBmV, use the formula shown below: dBmV = 20 log

Signal amplitude in mV

1 mV

3 8

Mapway Network Operation 3

For example, using the signal shown opposite. If the peak amplitude is 1.4 Volts, its usable value will be 1 Volt or 1000 mV.

Its amplitude in dBmV will be:

20 log 1000 = 60 dBmV.

The conversion table below shows the values of some typical (usable) signal amplitude values and their value in dBmV: dBmV

-18

-12

-6

Usable Voltage

126

251

501

1000

2000

0 .13 mV

0 .25 mV

0 .50 mV

1 mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV

3 9

3.3-3 Signal Attenuation

One of the main parameters of a carrier-band network is signal attenuation. This parameter determines the maximum distance between two stations, depending on the number of stations connected to the network.

From the moment the signal leaves the source station until the moment it reaches its destination, it suffers attenuation caused by the cables (trunk cables and drop cables) and the taps.

The minimum, typical and maximum signal and attenuation levels at different points on the network are shown in the table below:

Minimum

Station transmission level

Station reception threshold

Attenuation through

TSX MAP ACC2 and

ACC4 taps

(Drop trunk cable)

Attenuation through

TSX MAP ACC2 tap

Attenuation through

TSX MAP ACC4 tap

Attenuation through

TSX MAP CA 300 cable

Attenuation through

TSX MAP CB 300 cable

+63dBmV

+10dBmV

19.5dB

1.44dB/100m

2.26dB/100m

Typical

+64.5dBmV

20dB

0.25dB

0.4dB

1.48dB/100m

2.49dB/100m

Maximum

+66dBmV

20.5dB

0.3dB

0.5dB

1.52dB/100m

2.72dB/100m

Ensure that the total signal attenuation does not exceed the dynamic range of the system: 63 - 10 = 53 dBmV.

Example with typical values

-20 dB

-1.48 dB/100m

TSX MAP ACC4

-0.4 dB

-20 dB

-2.49 dB/100m

-0.25 dB

TSX MAP ACC2

Station Station Station

4 0

Mapway Network Operation 3

3.3-4 Return Loss

The cables and the taps used for the network are designed for an ideal impedance level of 75 Ohm. In practice, there are always slight impedance level changes induced by taps or more often connectors.

Because of this, part of the signal is “reflected” each time the impedance level is affected. This causes a number of reflected signals to be superimposed on the original signal.

The amount of signal reflection in relation to the original at any point on the network is called “return loss”. It is expressed in dB.

Return loss = 20 log

Reflected signal

Transmitted signal

The maximum allowable return loss at any point on the line is -22 dB for RG11 cable and 14 dB for RG6 cable.

This means that less than 1/10th of the value of a normal signal on the line can be reflected by the cabling system (cable + taps + connectors).

The higher the absolute value of the return loss measured on network installation, the better the quality of the network.

4 1

3.3-5 Distortion and Noise

Signal Tilt

An additional characteristic of the cable is that a signal is that higher-frequency (e.g.

10 MHz) signals are attenuated more than lower-frequency ones (e.g. 5 MHz).

This is known as signal tilt.

The maximum allowable signal tilt level is 3.5 dB.

Example: If a cable has an attenuation level of 1.5 dB/100 meters at 5 MHz and

1.9 dB/100 meters at 10 MHz, the maximum allowable cable length can be determined by the formula below:

L =

3.5 dB

(1.9 - 1.5) dB/100 m

= 875 meters

As this distance is more than 700 meters (maximum Mapway network length), the signal tilt will not affect Mapway network operation.

Noise

Noise is defined as all of the unwanted electrical signals that are superimposed on the initial signal.

Noise can be generated by a number of different sources, e.g. electric motors, contact breakers, transformers, discharge tubes. It is normally induced in the cabling system.

The quality of the cables used therefore directly affects attenuation of noise in the system.

For reliable reception, network standards require that the noise level in the system should be less than -10 dBmV.

4 2

Mapway Design and Installation 4

Mapway Design and Installation Section 4

Sub-section

4.1 Connection Accessories

4.2 Designing the Network

4.2-1 Network Calculation Rules

4.2-2 Network Design File

4.3 Fitting Connectors to the Cables

4.4 Network Installation Rules

4.4-1 Grounding Requirements

4.4-2 Installing Cables

4.4-3 Installing Taps

4.5 Installing and Testing the Network

4.5-1 TSX MAP ACC20 Line Tester

4.5-2 Tests Prior to Installation

4.5-3 Tests During Installation

4.5-4 Tests After Installation

4.5-5 PL7-NET Software

Page

4 3

4.1 Connection Accessories

Telemecanique offers a range of accessories for connecting various devices to

Mapway networks.

The full range of these accessories is shown below. For a detailed description on how to mount the connectors on the cables, refer to sub-section 4.3.

3 1 4 7 1 3 7

5 5

6 6

Mapway

Network

Interface

7 2 6 9 10

1 TSX MAP CA 300 trunk cable,

2 TSX MAP CB 300 drop cable,

TSX MAP ACC2 two-way tap,

TSX MAP ACC4 four-way tap,

5 TSX MAP ACC13 trunk cable connector, replacing TSX MAP ACC 11,

6 TSX MAP ACC12 drop cable connector, replacing TSX MAP ACC 6,

7 TSX MAP ACC5 line terminator,

8 TSX MAP ACC8 female-to-female connector adaptor,

TSX MAP ACC9 90

angle male-to-female connector adaptor,

10 TSX MAP ACC1 terminal block.

4 4

Mapway Design and Installation 4

1 TSX MAP CA 300 trunk cable

RG11 type 75 Ohm coax. cable is used for Mapway network trunk cables. Both ends of a trunk cable segment must be fitted with a TSX MAP ACC13 connector.

TSX MAP CB 300 drop cable

RG6 type 75 Ohm coax. cable is used for Mapway network drop cables. Both ends of a trunk cable segment must be fitted with a TSX MAP ACC12 connector.

3 TSX MAP ACC2 two-way tap

4 TSX MAP ACC4 four-way tap

Taps are passive junction boxes with connector ports used to connect two or four stations to a Mapway network trunk cable via a drop cable of up to 50 meters in length.

All unused connector ports must be fitted with TSX MAP ACC5 terminators to ensure correct line impedance matching

5 TSX MAP ACC13 trunk cable connector

A type F connector for use with the

TSX MAP CA 300 Mapway trunk cable.

This connector is fitted to both ends of the trunk cable for connection to the tap.

It comprises two elements:

• A metal body 1 ,

• A cable core connection extension 2 .

4 5

6 TSX MAP ACC12 drop cable connector

A male type F connector for use with

Mapway drop cables. This connector is fitted to both ends of a TSX MAP CB 300 drop cable.

The connector is used to connect to

TSX MAP ACC2 or ACC4 taps at one end of the drop cable and to TSX MAP ACC1 terminal blocks or directly to

TSX MAP PC74 or other interface boards at the other end.

It comprises two elements:

• A metal body 1 ,

• A cable core connection extension 2 .

7 TSX MAP ACC5 line terminator

A 75 Ohm terminator for line impedance matching. It is connected to the end of the TSX MAP CA 300 trunk or of the

TSX MAP CB 300 drop cables. A male adaptor that is connected to

TSX MAP ACC2 or ACC4 taps at the end of a line and on unused connector ports. It can be fitted to the end of a cable if the

TSX MAP ACC8 female-to-female connector adaptor is used. Line terminators can be installed temporarily and removed as required by future network developments.

TSX MAP ACC8 female-to-female connector adaptor

The female-to-female connector adaptor enables connection of a TSX MAP ACC5 line terminator to the end of a cable that has been installed but not yet connected to a network device. The adaptor can also be used to extend the trunk line or a drop cable.

TSX MAP ACC9 90

angle male-to-female connector adaptor

The 90

angle male-to-female connector adaptor for Mapway can be used with taps, terminal blocks or other network devices. It is used to avoid sharp bends in

TSX MAP CB 300 cables fitted with a

TSX MAP ACC12 connector where it

4 6

Mapway Design and Installation 4 connects to a network module or interface board.

10 TSX MAP ACC1 Terminal Block

The terminal block used to connect a

TSX MAP 1074 module to Mapway. Station address coding (station and network numbers) is set using the four thumbwheel switches.

Cabling Tools

TSX MAP ACC25 and TSX MAP ACC26 cable strippers

• The TSX MAP ACC25 cable strippers (blue) are used to prepare the TSX MAP CA 300 trunk cables prior to fitting TSX MAP ACC13 connectors.

• The TSX MAP ACC26 cable strippers

( yellow) a re us ed to pr epa re t he

TSX MAP CB 300 trunk cables prior to fitting

TSX MAP ACC12 connectors.

Each tool comprises a plastic body

and an interchangeable blade cartridge 2 .

4 3

Clamping tool

This tool is used to fit and clamp on the connector and the cable core extension. It accepts four different diameters:

1 For fitting and clamping the

TSX MAP ACC13 connector.

2 For fitting and clamping the

TSX MAP ACC12 connector.

3 For fitting and clamping the

TSX MAP ACC13 cable core extension.

4 For fitting and clamping the

TSX MAP ACC12 cable core extension.

2 1

4 7

4.2 Designing the Network

4.2-1 Network Calculation Rules

A network can evolve, e.g. lengthening the trunk cable, connecting additional devices or taps. Precise network calculations and a complete network design file will be invaluable when planning any future changes to an existing network.

This section describes the approach used to calculate the parameters of a Mapway network and determine the maximum length of the trunk line depending on the number connected devices, or vice-versa.

Before selecting the network layout used to interconnect the stations, it is important to determine the restrictions induced by the wiring.

The Mini-MAP standard states that the total length of cable between the two network end stations including their drops should not exceed 700 meters. In addition, the length of each drop cable should not exceed 50 meters.

Allowing for a 50 meter drop cable connected to each network end station, the following diagram is obtained:

50 meters 600 meters 50 meters

Note: The total area that can be covered by such a network is approx. 17 acres.

4 8

Mapway Design and Installation 4

The maximum length of the trunk cable depends on the number of taps, on the attenuation caused by the trunk cable, the taps and the drop cables.

Reminders: According to IEEE 802.4 standards, the following calculation rules apply:

• The signal sent by a station must have a minimum amplitude of

63 dBmV (1.41 V),

• The minimum reception threshold of a station is 10 dBmV (3.16 mV),

• The typical signal attenuation caused by the RG11 type

TSX MAP CA 300 trunk cable is 1.48 dB/100 meters or 0.0148 dB/ meter,

• The typical signal attenuation caused by the RG6 type

TSX MAP CB 300 drop cable is 2.5 dB/100 meters or 0.025 dB/ meter,

• The typical signal attenuation caused by passing through a

TSX MAP ACC4 4-way tap is 0.4 dB (crossing attenuation),

• The typical signal attenuation caused by passing through a

TSX MAP ACC2 2-way tap is 0.25 dB (crossing attenuation),

• The typical signal attenuation caused by passing from the trunk cable to a drop cable, regardless of the tap used is 20 dB.

From the above data is possible to determine the maximum network length depending on the type and the number of taps used.

The calculation principle is quite simple. Subtract from the minimum signal sent by a station (63 dBmV) the typical signal attenuation caused by each device crossed

(cables and taps) then check that the signal obtained on arrival at the destination station is above the minimum reception threshold (10 dBmV).

4 9

Example

Determine the maximum length of the trunk cable of a network comprising:

• 10 TSX MAP ACC4 four-way taps, including one at the end of the trunk cable,

• 12 TSX MAP ACC2 two-way taps, including one at the end of the trunk cable,

• End of trunk cable drop lines: 50 meters at one end, 25 meters at the other.

The maximum attenuation on the trunk cable is obtained by subtracting the typical attenuation caused by the various components that the signal passes through from the minimum signal transmission level (63 dBmV). Refer to the table in sub-section

3.3-3 for typical attenuation values. In this case the result is:

• 50 meter drop cable attenuation: 1.25 dB,

• End tap attenuation: 20 dB,

• Attenuation caused by the 9 four-way and 11 two-way taps:

9 x 0.4 + 11 x 0.25 = 6.35 dB,

• End tap attenuation: 20 dB,

• 25 meter drop cable attenuation: 0.62 dB,

Add to the above attenuation levels, the minimum reception threshold of 10 dBmV and the maximum allowed attenuation for the trunk cable becomes:

63 - 1.25 - 20 - 6.35 - 20 - 0.62 - 10 = 4.78 dB

As trunk cable attenuation is typically 1.48 dB/100 meters, the maximum length is:

Maximum trunk cable length: 4.78 / 0.0148 = 323 meters

The maximum network length, including the two end stations is therefore:

Maximum network length: 323 + 50 + 25 = 398 meters

Note: It is possible to use the same approach but starting with a known length for the trunk cable and the end station drops, determine the maximum number of two or four-way taps that can be installed on the network, and therefore the number of stations.

5 0

Mapway Design and Installation 4

4.2-2 Network Design File

All to often, a low complexity network is installed without any effort being made to document its design. When the time comes to extend it, no reference file is available.

It is therefore necessary to recalculate all of its characteristics.

The Network Planning Sheet shown below is designed to avoid this happening. All of the essential network configuration information is given on this sheet. It shows clearly which device is connected to which connector port, on which tap.

In addition, when working with a known configuration, it becomes possible to predict minimum signal levels at various points on the network. This information can be useful when setting-up and installing, maintaining or extending the network.

The following information is provided for each tap:

1 The input signal level (in dBmV),

2 Its number,

3 Its location on the network,

4 The output signal level on the trunk cable (in dBmV),

5 The distance (in meters) from the previous and to the next tap,

6 The output signals from the connector port (in dBmV),

7 The distance between a tap and the station connected to it,

8 The names of the connected stations (unused outputs are usually listed also),

9 The usable signal level (in dBmV) for each signal.

7 8 9 1

Nbr.

Location:

5 1

To fill in the sheet, start from the input to the first tap, which is the minimum signal level sent by the first station (63 dBmV) attenuated by the length of the drop cable.

The output from the tap will be attenuated by a maximum of 20 dB.

Along the length of the trunk cable, the signal is attenuated by 0.4 dB when it passes through four-way taps and 0.25 dB when it passes through two-way taps.

In addition the attenuation mentioned above, typical cable attenuation of 1.48 dB/

100 meters or 2.49 dB/100 meters must be taken into account. Using this method, it is possible to calculate the input and output signals for each tap on the network, right up to the last drop cable.

An example of a blank Network Planning Sheet is provided in this manual.

Example:

Control

TSX MAP ACC4

Terminator

41.76 dBmV

200 m

(10)

61.76 dBmV

50 m

63 dBmV

12 m

18.5 dBmV

12.12 dBmV

50 m TSX MAP ACC2

38.80 dBmV

38.55 dBmV

350 m

(20)

18.80 dBmV 25 m

18.18 dBmV

13.37 dBmV

(30)

33.37 dBmV

Terminator

TSX MAP ACC4

Transfer Assembly

Machining

5 2

Mapway Design and Installation 4

TSX MAP ACC5

Nbr.

Location: A-8

61.76 dBmV

21.76 dBmV

41.76 dBmV

200 m

38.80 dBmV

Nbr.

Location: B-2

18.80 dBmV

38.55 dBmV

350 m

33.37 dBmV

Nbr.

Location: AB-4

TSX MAP ACC5

13.37 dBmV

13.37dBmV

13.37 dBmV

50 m MACHINING

12 m

25 m

50 m

TRANSFER

ASSEMBLY

CONTROL

63 dBmV

18.5 dBmV

18.18 dBmV

12.12 dBmV

Nbr.

Location:

5 3

4.3 Fitting Connectors to the Cables

This sub-section describes the fitting a:

TSX MAP CA300 trunk cable with TSX MAP ACC13 connectors

TSX MAP ACC13 TSX MAP CA 300 TSX MAP ACC13

TSX MAP CB300 drop cable with TSX MAP ACC12 connectors

TSX MAP ACC12 TSX MAP CB 300 TSX MAP ACC12

To fit these connectors correctly, the TSX MAP ACC10M Mapway installation kit comprising the tools and accessories described below is required:

• A pair of wire cutters for TSX MAP CA300/CB300 cables,

• A blue TSX MAP ACC25 stripper tool with an interchangeable TSX MAP ACC27 blade cartridge for use with TSX MAP CA300 trunk cables,

• A yellow TSX MAP ACC26 stripper tool with an interchangeable TSX MAP ACC28 blade cartridge for use with TSX MAP CB300 drop cables,

• A clamping tool for clamping the connectors onto the cables,

• An 1/2" open end wrench,

• A set of 10 TSX MAP ACC12 connectors,

• A set of 10 TSX MAP ACC13 connectors,

• A documentation set.

Note

Always check that each cutting tool is fitted with the correct cartridge of cutting blades:

• TSX MAP ACC25 with a TSX MAP ACC27 cartridge for stripping TSX MAP CA300 trunk cables (large diameter),

• TSX MAP ACC26 with a TSX MAP ACC28 cartridge for stripping TSX MAP CB300 drop cables (small diameter).

5 4

Mapway Design and Installation 4

Three steps are required to fit a connector to the end of a cable, as described below.

1 Strip the cable

• Place the cable between the jaws of the

TSX MAP ACC25 or ACC26 tool, depending on the type of cable to strip, then close the jaws onto the cable.

Cable

• Turn the tool around the cable until no resistance to cutting is felt and the tool turns freely.

Cable

• Pull on the tool to release the cable and pull away any remains of the cable insulation and braids.

5 5

1 Stripping the cable (continued)

• Use the wire cutters to cut the cable core straight across, against the edge of the core insulation.

• Completely fold back the two metal braids and the intermediate insulation over the outer insulation, taking care to avoid damaging the inner insulation.

Cut

Intermediate insulation

+ 2 braids

Inner insulation

• Using a sharp cutting blade, cut the intermediate insulation and the outer insulation half way between the end of the cable and the first cut made in the outer cable insulation to expose the center core of the cable.

Cut

Center core

Fitting and crimping the core extension into place

• Fitting

Fit the appropriate core extension for the cable connector to be used. Ensure that it is pushed fully home onto the cable using the crimping tool.

Cable Center core extension

Crimping tool

5 6

Mapway Design and Installation 4

2 Fitting and crimping the core extension into place (continued)

• Crimping

Use the appropriate position on the crimping tool to crimp the cable core extension onto the cable core.

Center core extension

Fitting and crimping the connector onto the cable

• Fitting

Push the connector onto the cable by hand, ensuring that the cable core extension is pushed through the center of the connector.

Cable Connector

Crimping tool

Using the crimping tool, grasp the nut on the connector using the appropriate position on the tool and press the connector firmly onto the cable.

Once the connector is fitted, the center core extension should extend approx.

3 mm from the end of the connector.

Approx.

3 mm

5 7

3 Fitting and crimping the connector onto the cable (continued)

• Crimping

Place the connector into the appropriate position in the tool and place the tool against the edge of the connector ready for crimping.

Cable

Connector

Crimping tool

Connector

Crimp the connector firmly onto the cable using the tool.

5 8

Mapway Design and Installation 4

4.4 Network Installation Rules

Mapway is an industrial local area network designed for use in a factory environment within a single building. All of the hardware and protocols are designed with this harsh electrical environment in mind.

It is however necessary, as it is with all industrial local area networks, to observe strict installation rules to ensure full network performance. For more information on grounding, refer to the TSX DG GND F manual.

In addition, there are some installation requirements specific to Mapway. These are described below.

4.4-1 Grounding Requirements

Correct network operation requires grounding of all devices connected to it and of all network drops.

Example:

Supervision

Cell Control

(Monitor 77)

µVAX

FTX 507

OFF

MAPWAY

TSX 7 NUM

760

ROBONUM

800

5 9

4.4-2 Installing Cables

The TSX MAP CA 300 and TSX MAP CB 300 cables are flexible and easy to install. However, certain installation rules must be observed.

Tests prior to installation

The cables are supplied on spools. They are tested after manufacture but they can be damaged in transit or in storage.

Cable installation is the most important, most complex and most costly part in the installation of a network. Once installed, the cables are often difficult to access and having to change them after installation would be extremely difficult.

All cables must therefore be tested before installation.

When testing the cables, check that:

• The signal reflected back by the cable (return loss), with a TSX MAP ACC5 terminator fitted is greater than 26 dB or the cable must not be installed.

• The cable attenuation must be less than 1.52 dB/100 meters when

TSX MAP CA 300 cable is used and less than 2.72 dB/100 meters when

TSX MAP CB 300 cable is used.

Refer to sub-section 4.5 for a detailed description of the methods used to perform these tests.

Installation recommendations

Only install the trunk cable inside one building.

Plan to install more connections on the trunk cable than are immediately required for the basic application. Doing this avoids the need to cut into the network when new stations are required at a later date.

Ensure that the network cable routing is kept at least one meter away from electric power cables (with high voltage and current levels). Never run the network cables through normal shop cable ducts. The cable routing should be kept at least one meter away from all areas with a “hostile” environment (high power switches, transmission antennas, etc.). Such areas include those with high levels of electrical or electromechanical interference.

The intensity of the electrical field around industrial local area network components should not exceed 2 V/meter in the 10 KHz to 30 MHz range and 5 V/meter in the 30 MHz to 1 GHz range.

Ensure that the cable is not routed through any areas where it might sustain physical damage and protect it with metal cable ducts where necessary.

6 0

Mapway Design and Installation 4

Avoid forcing the network cable to make sharp turns. The minimum curve radius for a TSX MAP CA 300 trunk cable is 18 centimeters, for a TSX MAP CB 300 drop cable, 10 centimeters.

Do not string the cable between two taps without adequate support (e.g.

attaching to a cable run or messenger wire). The cables are not self-supporting and the maximum distance allowed between supports is 30 meters.

Where possible, leaving a few extra coils of network cable at different points is recommended. Should cable routing changes become necessary later, the extra cable will already be available.

Always attach the cable securely to the taps, walls, cable runs, messenger wire, etc. to avoid any chance of the cable becoming loose or being affected by vibration.

Avoid making kinks in cable ends when connecting to taps.

The first cable attachment after a tap should be 1 meter away from the connector port.

6 1

4.4-3 Installing Taps

The locations of taps should be determined when the network characteristics were calculated. Refer to sub-section 4.2.

The taps should be installed starting at one end of the network and always working in the same direction. This way each section of the network can be tested before the next one is installed. Refer to sub-section 4.5.

The taps must be mounted on a sturdy metal support, should not pull on the trunk cable and be correctly grounded.

Always check for electrical continuity between:

• Each drop and its support,

• The support and the grounding network.

Metal support part of the grounding network

Any unused connector ports must be fitted with TSX MAP ACC5 terminators.

Connecting the cables to the taps

After fitting the necessary connectors to the various sections of trunk cable and to the drop lines, connect the cables to the taps. The connection procedure is the same for TSX MAP ACC12 or ACC13 connectors:

• Press the cable connector into the connector port,

• Screw the cable connector into the female connector of the connector port until it is finger tight. Then tighten 1/3rd of a turn with a 1/2" open end wrench,

• Try to turn the cable in the connector. If the cable turns, tighten the connector again, until the cable cannot be turned,

• Once the connector is installed, pull on the cable. If the cable comes out of the connector, it was incorrectly fitted. Repeat the procedure for fitting the connector and connecting the cable, using a new connector.

6 2

Mapway Design and Installation 4

4.5 Installing and Testing the Network

4.5-1 TSX MAP ACC20 Line Tester

Telemecanique has developed the TSX MAP ACC20 Mapway network line tester.

This portable device is designed to test network characteristics prior to, during and after installation.

Prior to installation

• Signal attenuation and return loss levels caused by the cables.

During installation

• Signal attenuation levels as the cables and taps are installed. When performing these tests, locate the signal generator at one end of the network and test the signal output from the other end of the network after each additional device is installed.

• Return loss caused by adding taps and extra cable lengths to the network.

After installation

• Noise levels on the network.

Characteristics

Signal attenuation measurement: 0 to 2.9 dB

0.2 dB,

3 to 9.9 dB

0.5 dB,

10 to 35 dB

2 dB,

Return loss measurement:

Signal level measurement:

0 to 35 dB

2 dB,

5 to 70 dBmV

2 dBmV,

Noise level measurement:

Signal generator output level:

-25 to 0 dBmV

3 dBmV,

66 dBmV

2 dBmV,

The line tester comprises the following elements:

• Battery charger,

• Carry case,

• Two test cables to connect the line tester to a network component device,

• Eight different connectors for use with the different network connectors,

• Two 75 Ohm reference terminators,

• A signal generator that works off the battery charger.

6 3

Characteristics (continued)

PEAK

RESET

DATA RATE

Mb/s

5 dB dBmV

-dBmV

SIG.

GEN.

NOISE

OFF/ON

SIG. LEVEL

RET. LOSS

ATTN.

REC.

XMIT.

The remainder of this section describes the main measurements that should be taken using the TSX MAP ACC20 line tester. For a detailed description of this device and its operation, refer to the documentation supplied with it.

The TSX MAP ACC20 line tester is not a laboratory instrument. Its measurements are indicative only and should be used to check that the results obtained during the installation process are within the specified tolerances.

When taking any measurements, always allow for line tester tolerances.

All measurements should be taken with the line tester set for 5 Mb/s and Peak

Reset. The signal generator should be set for 5 Mb/s.

6 4

Mapway Design and Installation 4

4.5-2 Tests Prior to Installation

Before installing a Mapway network, always test the cables for signal attenuation and return loss.

Measuring cable attenuation

This measurement checks trunk and drop cable signal attenuation levels. The measurements are taken with the cable still on the spools as supplied:

• Fit a connector to each end of the cable,

• Measure the signal attenuation on the cable. It should not exceed 1.52 dB/100 meters when using TSX MAP CA 300 cable and 2.72 dB/100 meters when using

TSX MAP CB 300 cable.

The measured values for 300 meter spools should be: 4.56 dB for TSX MAP CA 300, and 8.16 dB for TSX MAP CB 300.

The measurement should be taken in both directions.

ATTN.

Measuring cable return loss

• Fit a TSX MAP ACC5 terminator to one end of the cable,

• Measure the return loss. The measurement value obtained should be at least 26 dB.

The measurement should be taken in both directions.

Terminator

RET. LOSS

6 5

4.5-3 Tests During Installation

During Mapway network installation, testing the signal attenuation and return loss of each network segment as it is added is highly recommended.

Before any measurements are made, ensure that all unused taps and unconnected cable ends (trunk and drop cables) are fitted with TSX MAP ACC5 terminators.

The line tester and the signal generator should be set for 5 Mb/s and Peak Reset.

The line test procedure is:

• Measure the output signal from the signal generator with the line tester set for SIG.

LEVEL,

• Connect the signal generator to one of the taps on the first tap,

• Connect the line tester to the trunk line output from the tap.

Terminators

Signal generator

SIG. LEVEL

RET. LOSS

Test cable

• Measure the signal attenuation caused by the tap: the difference between the output level from the signal generator and the output level from the tap. The value obtained should be close to that calculated when the network was designed,

• Measure the return loss with the line tester set to RET. LOSS. The value obtained should be at least 24 dB.

6 6

Mapway Design and Installation 4

• Connect the line tester set to SIG. LEVEL to each of the taps that will be used and measure the signal levels obtained. Fit a terminator to all unused taps. The values obtained should be close to those calculated when the network was designed.

Teminator

Terminators

Signal generator

SIG. LEVEL

Test cable

• Install the next cable segment,

• Connect the line tester to the end of the newly installed trunk cable segment as shown below. Measure the signal level obtained with the line tester set to SIG.

LEVEL. The value obtained should be close to that calculated when the network was designed,

• Measure the return loss with the line tester set to RET. LOSS. The value obtained should be at least 22 dB.

Terminators

Signal generator

TSX MAP ACC8 Test cable

SIG. LEVEL

RET. LOSS

6 7

• Install the next tap. Repeat the measurements on the trunk line outputs and on the taps, with the line tester set to SIG. LEVEL. The values obtained should be close to those calculated when the network was designed. Measure the return loss on the trunk cable connector with the line tester set to RET. LOSS. The value obtained should be at least 22 dB.

Terminators Terminators

Signal generator

SIG. LEVEL

RET. LOSS

Test cable

• Repeat the operations described above for output signal levels and return loss until the outputs from the last tap have been tested. The values obtained should always be close to those calculated when the network was designed.

Signal generator

Test cable

SIG. LEVEL

RET. LOSS

6 8

Mapway Design and Installation 4

Once the trunk cable has been installed and tested from one end to the other and always in the same direction as installation, check that it performs correctly in the opposite direction. Repeat the measurement starting from the other end of the network. The results obtained should be similar:

• Connect the signal generator to the first tap at the other end of the network with the line tester set to SIG. LEVEL, as shown below:

SIG. LEVEL

RET. LOSS

Signal generator

• Measure the signal level obtained at the other end of the trunk cable,

• The values obtained at opposite ends of the network should be within the tolerance range of the line tester ( ± 2 dB),

• If the values obtained vary considerably, a faulty tap or incorrect terminating may be the cause. Leave the signal generator in place and work back along the network until the faulty component is found,

• Measure the return loss with the line tester set to RET. LOSS. The values obtained at opposite ends of the network should be within the tolerance range of the line tester (

2 dB).

6 9

4.5-4 Tests After Installation

Once the Mapway network has been installed, it is recommended that noise measurements be taken. Electromagnetic noise caused by the network operating environment can severely restrict network performance. It is difficult however to predict network noise levels before installation.

The noise measurements should be taken on each network connector port. Before taking any measurements, disconnect the stations and fit TSX MAP ACC5 terminators to the ends of the drop cables.

The line tester should be unplugged from the mains and operated off its internal battery after first ensuring that this is fully charged. Before taking any measurements, check that the line tester itself, looped back to a TSX MAP ACC5 terminator is not affected by outside interference. The noise measurement on the line tester should be less than -25 dBmV (the display blinks).

The coax cable should be connected to ground at the tester end.

• Connect the line tester to the end of the first drop cable (the device end), as shown below,

Terminator Terminator

NOISE

Disconnected

Device

Terminators

Drop cable

Test cable

• Measure the noise level. It should be less than -10 dBmV,

• Take the same measurement on all taps,

The complete set of measurement results can be entered in a table similar to the one used when designing the network. (See sub-section 4.2). Doing this ensures that the user has a complete set of theoretical and actual measured network values.

If the return loss, signal and noise level measurements are correctly taken after each new component is installed, any network performance problems should be detected immediately. However, if no measurements are taken until the network has been completely installed, any problems will be very much harder to locate.

7 0

Mapway Design and Installation 4

4.5-5 PL7-NET Software

PL7-NET is used to describe, check the coherence and document TSX series 7 PLC automation systems. PL7-NET runs in the X-TEL Software Workshop on FTX 507s.

This program is absolutely necessary when describing multiple network layouts and is highly recommended when setting-up single network layouts.

PL7-NET enables:

• Complete description of the multiple network layout:

• Network selection (Telway or Mapway) and entry of the name and number (0 to 127) of each segment,

• Selection of stations on a segment and station address assignment,

• Interconnection of segments by selecting bridge PLC stations (a bridge ensures the routing of messages between segments),

• Assignment for each bridge of its network modules to the different network segments (up to four network modules per bridge PLC).

This data is used by PL7-NET to generate the routing tables for each bridge on the network.

7 1

• Transfer of files generated by PL7-NET to bridge PLCs:

• This data is stored in the user memory field of the bridge PLC processor,

• A compare function lets the user check coherence between the description entered from the terminal and the description in the bridges.

7 2

Mapway Design and Installation 4

• Network layout documentation:

A text file can be generated once the network layout has been described. This file can also be printed. It lists all of the elements (and their links) present in the network layout:

• Networks,

• Stations,

• Bridges.

Network

Network Number

Network Type

Number of stations connected

List of stations connected

Name Address line 2 line 1 control diag routing

Bridge

Type of bridge

Main address

Number of connections

001.04

001.03

001.01

001.10

001.02

: assemb

: 001

: MAPWAY

: 5

Type

TSXV3

TSXV4

FTX507

TSXV4

: routing

: TSXV4

: 001.02

: 3

Connection Network address Type of connection Rack/Module address Status

001.02

002.04

003.01

MAPWAY

TELWAY

04 NSA

For further information, refer to the PL7-NET User's Manual (TXT DM PL7 NET V4E).

7 3

7 4

Network Diagnostics

Network Diagnostics 5

Section 5

Sub-section

5.1 Netdiag Software

5.2 TSX T407 Terminal

Page

7 5

5.1 Netdiag Software

The Netdiag program provides network diagnostics for Mapway and Telway networks. It runs in the X-TEL Software Workshop environment on an FTX 507 directly connected to Mapway through a TSX MAP PC74 interface board.

The main functions of Netdiag are:

Diagnostics function

• Complete network layout diagnostics:

• List and status of each segment,

• List and status of each bridge,

• List of bridges crossed belonging to different interconnected stations.

• Network segment diagnostics:

• List of stations and error indication,

• Activity of COM words assigned to each station.

• Station diagnostics:

• Status of PLC processor front panel LEDs,

• Station status (Run/Stop, COM word configuration, etc.).

• Network module diagnostics:

• Status of module front panel LEDs,

• Number of Uni-TE messages sent and received,

• Number of COM words sent and received,

• Number of frames sent and received at LLC link level.

7 6

Network Diagnostics 5

Trace function

This function stores and displays application messages travelling on the network depending on the selection filters used:

• All network messages,

• Messages between two preset stations,

• Messages sent by a station,

• Messages received by a station,

• Messages linked to a request.

It is possible to set conditions for running this function automatically, e.g. on a set date or after a number of frames.

For further information refer to the Netdiag User's Manual (TXT DM NTD V4E).

7 7

5.2 TSX T407 Terminal

The TSX TS4 310 adjustment cartridge installed in a TSX T407 terminal enables access to adjust and diagnostics functions. The terminal, with the cartridge installed, connects to the programming port of any TSX Series 7 PLC. Once it is connected, the user can access all stations on the network.

The main functions of this terminal are described below:

Network function

Once the terminal is logically connected, this function enables:

• Testing of the network interface and the communication path,

• Identification of the connected device (type of network interface),

• Display and acknowledgement of error counters,

• Listing the stations present on the network,

• Determining the number of COM words assigned to the station,

• Displaying the software version supported by the network interface,

• And, if the station is a TSX Series 7 PLC, displaying its configuration.

IDENTIFICATION RUN

Net:0 Sta:3 Mod:__

Type:2/2 Vrs:1.0

TSX MAP107 V1.02

COM:4

TST CNT ADR

LINK TEST RUN

Net:0 Sta:3 Mod:__

Sent:10 Rece:10

Last:150 ms Lg:1

Min:150 ms Max:250 ms

CLR MAN AUTO LG

The modes described in the rest of this sub-section apply mostly to PLCs.

Control Mode

This mode performs the following functions:

• Displays the PLC state (Run/Stop),

• Selects Run or Stop,

• General reset (Init),

• Displays active Grafcet steps.

7 8

Network Diagnostics 5

Adjust Mode

This mode adapts the data values of a TSX Series 7 PLC: adjusts bits, words, function blocks, step activity, real-time clock.

Diagnostic Mode

This mode displays PLC processor and configuration status.

Transfer Mode

This mode transfers data from the PLC to a data cartridge and vice-versa.

Terminal Mode

This mode configures the data link on PLCs and the serial link on peripheral devices.

For more information on the use of this cartridge and its complete characteristics, refer to the TSX TS4 310 Adjustment Cartridge for TSX T407 Terminal User’s

Manual (TSX D12 006E).

7 9

8 0

Appendix

Sub-section

6.1 Reminders on the ISO Model

6.2 Detailed Mapway Frame Coding

6.2-1 Mapway Frame

6.2-2 Preamble, Start and Type of Frame

6.2-3 MAC Address

6.2-4 LLC Data

6.2-5 CRC Check and End of Frame

6.3 Parameters Used by Mapway

6.4 Network Planning Sheet

6.5 Telway Network Restrictions

6.6 Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion Table

6.7 ASCII Code Table

6.8 Glossary of Mapway Terms

Appendix 6

Section 6

Page

6.1 Reminders on the ISO Model

Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP) is fast becoming the only international standard for communication between heterogeneous devices connected to a common network. MAP is based on the ISO model, using standardized layers. Each layer communicates with the equivalent layer in another device using standardized protocols. Within the same device, each layer communicates with layer immediately above or below it using hardware or software interfaces.

The MAP standard and the ISO model

Layer 1: Physical Layer

This layer ensures the user transparent transmission of binary elements between systems via a transmission medium.

MAP meets IEEE 802.4 standards.

Layer 2: Data Link Layer

This layer ensures organized data transfer between two systems with error detection and correction.

This layer is divided into two sub-layers: Logical Link Control (LLC) and

Medium Access Control (MAC).

The LLC sub-layer meets IEEE 802.2 standards ensuring correct transmission of frames between network nodes. The MAC sub-layer meets IEEE 802.4 standards for communication systems using a token that passes from one subscriber to the next.

Layer 3: Network Layer

This layer ensures the routing of data and the selection of a transfer path between two devices located on different networks.

This layer is responsible for the transit of packets of data over the network.

It meets ISO DIS 8473 Connectionless Mode Networking Service protocol and ISO 9542 End System to Intermediate System routing protocol. This layer is only concerned with the overall address of a subscriber and not with the address in the network segment. Level 3 is completely independent of the network layout.

Layer 4: Transport Layer

This layer ensures transparent and reliable transfer of data between two systems.

This layer meets ISO 8072/8073 (Class 4 Transport) specifications.

Appendix 6

Layer 5: Session Layer

This layer controls program to program communication, establishing and synchronizing dialog and manages their data organization.

This layer meets ISO 8326/27 specifications.

Layer 6: Presentation Layer

This layer represents the data transiting the network between applications processes.

This layer meets ISO 8822/25 specifications.

Layer 7: Application Layer

This layer provides a data exchange window for application programs.

This layer is the most complex. MAP comprises five different protocols at this level. This enables MAP to adapt to a wide range of applications and control them effectively.

1 ISO 8571 File Transfer, Access and Management system (FTAM) supports text file transfers in ASCII or binary formats. Remote creation or deletion of files is also supported.

2 ISO 8649 Association Control Service Element (ACSE) protocol is designed to establish and control connection between stations present on the same network.

It also ensures the overall control of application transfers.

3 ISO 9594 and CCITT X500 Directory Service (DS) is designed for integration into the overall address plan defined at company level.

4 ISO 9506 Manufacturing Messaging Service (MMS) is a basic service for controlling and following the operation of manufacturing devices.

ISO 9595 Common Management Information Service (CMIS) and ISO 9596

Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) specify the communication services and protocols used between agents and managers when controlling

Local Area Networks. Three network control functions are covered by MAP 3.0

specifications: configuration, performance analysis and error handling.

Refer to MAP 3.0 technical specifications for a detailed description of the various layers and protocols.

6.2 Detailed Mapway Frame Coding

6.2-1 Mapway Frame

The general format of a Mapway frame is described below:

Preamble

2 bytes

Start Frame Delimiter

1 byte

Frame control

1 byte

Destination Address

6 bytes

MAC Address

Source Address

6 bytes

LLC

Data

0 to 278 bytes

CRC Check

4 bytes

End Frame Delimiter

1 byte

Data for

COM Word Service

Data for

Uni-TE Service

TSX Series 7

Datagram

Appendix 6

6.2-2 Preamble Start and Type of Frame

Preamble

The preamble establishes the synchronization bit and locates the first start frame delimiter bit:

7 0 7 0

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

Start Frame Delimiter

The start frame delimiter comprises one byte:

7 0

0 0 0 N N 0 N N

0 = MAC symbol zero,

1 = MAC symbol one,

N = MAC symbol Not Data.

Frame Control (Type of Frame)

There are two types of frame identified by the frame control byte:

• Medium Access Control (MAC) frame:

7 0

0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0

1 1 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 0 0

0 0 1 1 0 0

: Claim token,

: Solicit successor 1,

: Solicit successor 2,

: Who follows,

: Resolve contention,

: Token,

: Set successor.

• Logical Link Control (LLC) frame:

1 0

(**)

Priority 6 (telegram)

Priority 4 (COM words)

Prioriry 2 (Mess. system)

Priority 0

(Service messages)

0 1 1

0 0 1

0 1 0

0 0 0

(*) MAC message,

(**) Priority

(*)

0 0 0

1 0 0

0 1 0

R/W don't acknowledge (LLC1)

R/W and acknowledge (LLC3)

Confirm

6.2-3 MAC address

This address is the source and destination address of an exchange. Each address is coded in 6 bytes.

IEEE

Standard/Telemecanique

Address

Mapway

Code

Network Nbr.

(thumbwheels)

80 F4 00

Broadcast: 01

Point-to-point: 00

Service

01: TSX Series 7

messages

02: COM words

Station Nbr.

(thumbwheels)

00 to 3F (64 stations in point-to-point mode)

6.2-4 LLC Data

The data comprises the following elements:

Destination

LSAP (1byte)

LLC Address

Source

LSAP (1byte)

LLC Check

(1 byte)

Type of

LLC Service

Data

LLC.LSAP Address

In Telemecanique’s implementation, the source and the destination stations are the same type and take the values:

H’24' = Uni-TE and application-to-application communication,

H’28' = COM word service.

LLC Check

H’67' = AC0 Read/Write and acknowledge,

H’E7' = AC1 Read/Write and acknowledge,

H’03' = Read/Write don’t acknowledge,

H’E3' = Test.

Appendix 6

Data

Specific Telemecanique data for the COM word service or Uni-TE service.

• COM word service data

H'28'

LSAP

H'28'

LSAP

H'03'

Station Nbr.

1 byte

COM Word

Size 1 byte

COM word

8 to 128 bytes

Check

• Uni-TE service data

H'24'

LSAP

H'24'

LSAP

H'67'

Check

Type NPDU

1 byte

Source

NSAP 2 bytes

Destination

NSAP 2 bytes

Parameters

NSAP 0 to 14 bytes

TSX Series 7 Data

Type NPDU

7 4 3

Type Service

2 1

Refusal

Type

Service

Refusal bit

Extension bit

: 0 to 15

: 0 to 3

: 0/1

Ext.

(15 = TSX Series 7 Datagram),

(0 = standard datagram),

(1 = message refused),

(1 = extended message).

NSAP addresses (Station/Network/Gate) - 3 level addressing

7 0 7 0

Station (1 byte) Network Gate

Station

Network

Gate

1-2-3

: 0 to 63,

: 0 to 15,

: 0 : PLC system,

: Terminal,

: Network,

: I/O bus,

: TER type text block,

• Parameters - 5 level addressing

These parameters are optional (they are only used when the NPDU extension bit equals 1).

Code D Length Parameter field

Code : 0

: Sender gate TXTi

: Destination gate TXTi

: Sender network

: Destinatation network

(16 to 255),

: Module and channel of the sender interface

: Module and channel of (module 0 to 255), the destinatation interface (channel 0 to 255),

6/15 : Reserved.

(module 0 to 255),

(channel 0 to 255),

D = 1 if it is the last parameter sent.

Length: Parameter field length in bytes.

Parameter field: Data assigned to the code.

• TSX Series 7 data

Request Code

1 byte

Category Code

1 byte

Uni-TE Data

1 to 126 bytes

Confirm

1 byte

Uni-TE Confirm Data

1 to 127 bytes

Text Block to Text Block Data

1 to 256 bytes

TLG Block to TLG Block Data

1 to 16 bytes

6.2-5 CRC Check and End of Frame

CRC Check

32-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check.

End Frame Delimiter

E I 1 N N 1 N N

E = Error bit (1 = error),

I = Intermediate bit,

1 = Still to send,

0 = End of transmission.

Appendix 6

6.3 Parameters Used by Mapway

MAX RETRY LIMIT = 1

The number of retries of a sender type frame with acknowledgement.

PRIORITY ENABLE = True

Indicates that the station handles message priority at MAC level.

HIGH PRIORITY TOKEN HOLD TIME = H'0200' (512 time bytes = 819

µ s)

The maximum time during which a station that has the token can send high priority messages.

TARGET ROTATION TIME CLASS 4 = H'9200' (37376 time bytes = 60 ms)

The average token rotation time for priority level 4 messages.

TARGET ROTATION TIME CLASS 2 = H'3000' (12288 time bytes = 20 ms)

The average token rotation time for priority level 2 messages.

TARGET ROTATION TIME CLASS 0 = H'0C30' (3120 time bytes = 5 ms)

The average token rotation time for priority level 0 messages.

SLOT TIME (carrier-band network) = H'0100' (256 time bytes = 410

µ s)

The maximum time during which a station that has just finished sending is required to wait to detect transmission from the next station.

MAC ADDRESS = 00 80 F4 00 NN SS

NN = Network address,

SS = Station address.

Appendix 6

6.4 Network Planning Sheet

Nbr.

Location:

Nbr.

Location:

Nbr.

Location:

Nbr.

Location:

(An original blank Mapway Planning Sheet is shown on page 102).

6.5 Telway Network Restrictions

In a multiple network module configuration where a station that is not a bridge has both Mapway and Telway modules fitted (as shown in the example below), the

Telway network number is set to 0 by default and the Mapway network number must be set in the terminal block of the TSX MAP 1074 module.

TELWAY MAPWAY

The PLC will not recognize the Telway station as network number 0 is illegal in multiple network operation.

Remedial action

One station on the Telway network must be a bridge. Only a bridge station can assign a network number to a Telway station.

TELWAY MAPWAY

Bridge

Station

Appendix 6

6.6 Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion Table

This table enables direct conversion from any decimal number from 0 to 255 into a hexadecimal number from H’00' to H’FF’.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

00 000 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015

10 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031

20 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047

30 048 049 050 051 052 053 054 055 056 057 058 059 060 061 062 063

40 064 065 066 067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079

50 080 081 082 083 084 085 086 087 088 089 090 091 092 093 094 095

60 096 097 098 099 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111

70 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127

80 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143

90 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159

A0 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175

B0 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191

C0 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207

D0 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223

E0 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239

F0 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255

6.7 ASCII Code Table

0 b3 b2 b1 b0

0 0 0 0

Column

Line

7 b7 0 b6 0 b5 0 b4 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

NUL DLE SP 0

SOH DC1 !

STX DC2 "

ETX DC3 # 3

EOT DC4 $

ENQ NAK %

ACK SYN &

BEL ETB '

CAN

EM )

(

LF SUB *

VT ESC

;

]

[

T u v w x y p q r s t j l k m n

}

~ o DEL z

{ e f g h i

\ a b c d

Appendix 6

6.8 Glossary of Mapway Terms

Application:

The user program developed on a station connected to a network. This program establishes exchanges with other stations included in a network layout.

Attenuation:

The reduction in the amplitude of a signal sent through a cable or passive device.

Baseband:

A transmission method where the signal is sent in its original format, without modulation. The entire bandwidth of the transmission medium is used.

Bridge:

A device that interconnects two network segments or two networks in a transparent manner at data link layer level. Addressing continuity is ensured both before and after the bridge. The bridge is used to separate the traffic on the two segments (two segments = two tokens).

Broadband:

A transmission modulation method where the original signal modulates a carrier, in amplitude, phase or frequency. The resulting modulated signal takes up only part of the bandwidth of the transmission medium. A number of channels can therefore use the same medium.

Bus:

The layout of a signal line network. All messages are sent on the same medium and each device must recognize whether it is affected by the transaction (address recognition). This is the layout used by both Mapway and Telway.

Carrier-Band:

A transmission modulation method where the original signal modulates a carrier, in amplitude, phase or frequency. The resulting modulated signal takes up the entire bandwidth of the transmission medium.

COM Words:

A specific Telemecanique service that enables reading or writing of a database common to all stations on a network. The data is stored as a list of words shared between all stations.

Datagram:

A structured data packet that transits through the network. Each data packet is a separate entity on the network.

Data-rate:

The transmission capacity of the medium expressed in bits/second (b/s).

Driver:

A program included in the operating system that executes transmission/reception requests via a specified peripheral. A driver is dedicated to a peripheral. It will not interpret messages read or written.

Drop Cable:

The cable between the connector port and the station.

End Frame Delimiter (ED):

The byte that indicates the end of a MAC frame.

Enhanced Performance Architecture (EPA):

A simplified MAP layout that improves MAP network performance (see Mini-MAP).

Frame:

A group of contiguous bytes sent over the network containing data or control information, i.e. MAC frame, TSX Series 7 datagram

Frame Check Sequence (FCS):

A group of check bytes in a MAC frame that are used to determine if a frame is correctly received.

Frame Control (FC):

A control byte in a MAC frame that identifies the type of frame.

Frequency Shift Key (FSK):

A type of frequency modulation where a binary element “0” becomes one frequency and a “1” another frequency.

Gateway:

A station that interconnects two networks of any type together. It acts as an interface at application layer level. A gateway performs address and/or protocol conversions enabling communication between devices on different networks.

Appendix 6

Industrial Local Area Network (ILAN):

A Local Area Network used in industrial applications covering a well defined and limited area.

Insertion Loss:

The amount of loss of signal on going through a tap on the trunk cable.

Interconnected Networks:

A network layout where a number of network segments are interconnected by bridges.

ISO:

International Standards Organization

Local Area Network (LAN):

See Industrial Local Area Network (ILAN).

Layer:

A layer is a set of services that perform a function as defined by the ISO in their ISO model for distributed systems. A layer provides an access interface and used the interface provided by the layer below it:

• Layer 7: Application,

• Layer 6: Presentation,

• Layer 5: Session,

• Layer 4: Transport,

• Layer 3: Network,

• Layer 2: Data Link,

• Layer 1: Physical,

Logical Link Control (LLC):

Enables access to the data link layer. For Mapway this corresponds to a service without connection but with acknowledgement (LLC 3) or without it (LLC 1).

Logical Ring:

All of the stations connected to a bus that are able to transmit to each other. The token that permits transmission passes from one station to another. Each station knows the station that precedes and follows it.

Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP):

A standard that specifies a seven layer communication protocol based on ISO standards for open systems interconnection. The ISO model is designed to support interconnection of heterogeneous devices in industrial applications. Also referred to as Full-MAP.

Manufacturing Automation Protocol/Enhanced Performance Architecture

(MAP/EPA):

A system that supports both Full-MAP and Mini-MAP (EPA) communication profiles.

Manufacturing Message Service (MMS):

An industrial message service. It is the application layer protocol designed for exchanging messages between devices within a manufacturing facility or workshop.

Meets ISO 9506 standards.

Medium:

Usually refers to the complete cabling system: cables, connectors, taps, etc.

Medium Access Control (MAC):

A set of procedures that control access to the network medium. With Mapway this comprises processing the token and sending and receiving data frames at data link layer level.

Mini-MAP:

A simplified version of MAP (see also EPA, MAP and MAP/EPA). ISO ISO model layers 1, 2 and 7 are supported with a transmission speed of 5 Mb/s using carrierband transmission. Mapway is a Mini-MAP network.

Network:

A series of devices connected together via a common medium that observe the same dialog rules (protocols).

Network Interface (or Module):

A device that provides a station with access to the network. It optimizes exchanges and provides the highest level possible of service for the connected station. Network interfaces are available for devices such as TSX Series 7 PLCs (TSX MAP 107 modules), NUM controllers, IBM PC or DEC MicroVAX computers (network interface boards).

Appendix 6

Noise:

An externally caused, unwanted electrical signal present on a cable.

Phase Coherent Frequency Shift Key (Phase Coherent FSK):

A type of FSK (see also FSK) where fre quency changes take place when the signal goes to 0: there is no phase break.

Protocol:

A set of rules required to ensure that various elements, often remote can establish and maintain data exchanges.

Return Loss:

The amount of signal reflected by an impedance discontinuity on the cable.

Router:

This device connects at least two networks of different types at network layer level.

There is no addressing continuity between the networks, before and after the router.

As the addressing system is different, in practice a message is addressed to the router that ensures the required address conversion for the message to reach its destination.

Routing:

This function is performed by a station network interface device. It determines the path to follow to ensure that a data packet will reach its destination on another segment of the network.

Segment:

A section of a LAN where all connected stations share the same token. A component of a multiple network system.

Slot time:

The maximum time that a station that has finished sending must wait to detect transmission by the next station.

Star:

A network layout where all stations are connected to the same node.

Start Delimiter (SD):

The byte that defines the start of a MAC frame.

Station:

A device connected to a LAN segment. A station can exchange data with other stations. It has a unique address on the entire network.

System Management Access Protocol (SMAP):

This protocol controls the network functions devolved to a Mapway module.

Tap:

A device for connecting stations to the network. Depending on the type of tap used, two or four stations can be connected via drop cables. Taps are passive and bidirectional.

Telemecanique Network Layout:

The Mapway or Telway network segments that are interconnected.

Terminal Block:

Used to connect a drop cable to a TSX MAP 1074 module located in a TSX Series

7 modular PLC. The address coding for the station is set in the terminal block

(Network-Station).

Terminator:

A component that is connected to the extreme ends of the trunk cable and unused outputs from taps to ensure that a matching impedance of 75 Ohms is maintained.

Token:

A special frame that circulates on the medium and allows a station to send on the network while it holds the token. Token passing is a deterministic network access protocol that enables the medium to be shared among a number of stations.

Trunk Cable:

The cable that connects the various taps together to form the network medium that transports the messages.

TSX Series 7:

Refers to the Telemecanique TSX Series 7 range of modular PLCs and their proprietary message system. This message system ensures transmission and reception of datagrams on the network. This includes text blocks, Uni-TE requests, programming, adjust and diagnostics requests.

100

Appendix 6

Uni-TE:

The Telemecanique proprietary messaging service that provides a single communication interface for all Telemecanique components and those from other vendors that support Uni-TE. It comprises a list of standard requests bases on a

Client/Server concept providing the following services:

• Access to variables,

• Control of operating modes,

• Network and device management,

• Up/downloading of files and programs,

• Unsolicited data.

Virtual Time Operating System (VTOS):

The real-time core of the Mapway module software.

101

MAPWAY Network Planning Sheet Network Nbr.

Nbr.

Location :

Nbr.

Location:

Nbr.

Location:

Nbr.

Location:

102

Update By Date Design: Draftsman: Date:

Page

Notes

..............................................................................................................................

103

Notes

104

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Section

Page

Section

Page

Introduction

1.1

Documentation Presentation

1.2

Telemecanique’s Mapway Product Line

Mapway Network Presentation

2.1

Mapway Network Layout Examples

2.2

Mapway Connection Interfaces

2.3

Services

2.4

Characteristics and Performance

Mapway Network Operation

3.1

Token Bus Principles

3.2

Accessing the Token Bus

3.3

Carrier-Band Network Principles

Mapway Design and Installation Section 4

4.1

Connection Accessories

4.2

Designing the Network

4.3

Fitting Connectors to the Cables

4.4

Network Installation Rules

4.5

Installing and Testing the Network

Network Diagnostics

5.1

Netdiag Software

5.2

TSX T407 Terminal

Appendix

6.1

Reminders on the ISO Model

6.2

Detailed Mapway Frame Coding

6.3

Parameters Used by Mapway

6.4

Network Planning Sheet

6.5

Telway Network Restrictions

6.6

Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion Table

6.7

ASCII Code Table

6.8

Glossary of Mapway Terms

MAPWAY Network Planning Sheet Network Nbr.

Terkait

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