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Glossary
AdobeRGB
Color space recommended by Adobe Systems, Inc. for commercial printing. Wider range of color reproduction than sRGB. Covers most of the color range so colors available only when printed are not lost when editing images on a computer. When image is opened by non-compatible software, the colors look lighter.
AE Metering
Brightness of subject is measured to determine exposure. In this camera, select from [Multi-segment Metering], [Center-weighted Metering] and
[Spot Metering].
AF point
Position in the viewfinder that determines focus. In this camera, select from [Auto], [Select] and [Spot].
Aperture
The aperture increases or reduces the light beam (thickness) passing through the lens to the CMOS sensor.
Bright Portion
Overexposed area in the image loses contrast and appears white.
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Camera Shake (Blur)
When the camera moves while the shutter is open, the entire image appears blurred. This occurs more often when shutter speed is low.
Prevent camera shake by raising the sensitivity, using the flash, and raising the shutter speed. Alternatively, use a tripod to stabilize the camera. As camera shake is most likely to occur when pressing the shutter release button, use the Shake Reduction function, the self-timer or the remote control unit to prevent camera movement.
CMOS sensor
Photography element which converts the light entering through the lens into electric signals that create the image.
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Color Space
A defined range of colors from the spectrum which are used. In digital cameras, [sRGB] is defined as the standard by Exif. In this camera,
[AdobeRGB] is also used because of the richer color expression over sRGB.
Color Temperature
This numerically expresses the color of the light source illuminating the subject. This is indicated in absolute temperature, using Kelvin (K) units.
The color of light shifts to a bluish color as the color temperature rises, and to a reddish color as the color temperature falls.
Dark Portion
Underexposed area in the image loses contrast and appears black.
DCF (Design rule for Camera File system)
A digital camera file system standard established by the Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA).
Depth of field
Area of focus. This depends on the aperture value, lens focal length, and distance to the subject. For example, select a smaller aperture value
(higher number) to increase the depth of field or use a larger aperture value (smaller number) to decrease the depth of field.
DNG RAW file
DNG (Digital Negative) is a general-purpose RAW file format designed by
Adobe Systems. When images captured in proprietary RAW formats are converted to DNG format, support and compatibility for the images increases significantly.
DPOF (Digital Print Order Format)
Rules for writing information onto a card with recorded images regarding the specific images and number of copies to be printed. Prints can easily be made by taking the images to a DPOF photo printing store.
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Dynamic Range (D-Range)
Indicated with a value expressing the light level reproducible in an image.
This is the same as the term “Exposure latitude” used with silver halide film.
Generally, when the dynamic range is wide, overexposed and/or underexposed areas are less likely to occur within the image, and when the dynamic range is narrow, all image tones can be reproduced sharply and accurately.
EV (Exposure Value)
Exposure value is determined by the combination of the aperture value and the shutter speed.
EV Compensation
Process of adjusting the image brightness by changing the shutter speed and/or aperture value.
Exif (Exchangeable image file format for digital still camera)
A standard digital camera file format established by the Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA).
Exposure Bracketing
For automatically changing exposure. When the shutter release button is pressed, three images are captured. The first one has no compensation, the second is underexposed and the third is over-exposed.
Histogram
A graph that shows the darkest and brightest points in an image. The horizontal axis represents the brightness and the vertical axis represents the number of pixels. This is useful when you wish to refer to the exposure status of an image.
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ISO Sensitivity
The level of sensitivity to light. With a high sensitivity, images can be shot with a high shutter speed even in dark places, reducing camera shake.
However, images taken with a high sensitivity are more susceptible to noise.
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JPEG
An image compression method. In this camera, select from C (Best),
D (Better), or E (Good). Images recorded in JPEG format are suited for viewing on your computer or for attaching to e-mail.
ND (Neutral Density) Filter
A filter available in different saturation levels that adjusts the brightness without affecting the color tone of pictures.
Noise Reduction
Process to reduce noise (image roughness or unevenness) caused by slow shutter speed or high sensitivity shooting.
NTSC/PAL
These are video output formats. NTSC is mainly used in Japan, North
America, and South Korea. PAL is mainly used in Europe and in China.
Quality Level
This refers to the image compression ratio. The lower the compression, the more detailed the image. The image becomes rougher as the compression rate rises.
RAW data
Unedited image data output from the CMOS sensor. RAW data are data before being internally processed by the camera. Camera settings at the time of capture, such as White Balance, Contrast, Saturation, and
Sharpness can be set for each frame after shooting. In addition, RAW data are 12 bit data that contain 16 times the information of 8 bit JPEG data.
Rich gradations are possible. Transfer RAW data to your computer and use the provided software to create image data with different settings, such as JPEG.
Recorded Pixels
Indicates the size of the image by the number of pixels. The more pixels that compose a picture, the larger the image size.
Shutter Speed
The length of time that the shutter is open and light strikes the CMOS sensor. The amount of light that strikes the CMOS sensor can be changed by altering the shutter speed.
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306 sRGB (standard RGB)
International standard of color space established by the IEC (International
Electrotechnical Commission). This is defined from color space for computer monitors and is also used as the standard color space for Exif.
Vignetting
The picture edges are blackened when part of the light coming from the subject is blocked by the hood or filter ring, or when the flash is partially blocked by the lens.
White Balance
While shooting, color temperature is adjusted to match the light source so that the subject appears to have correct color.
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