Roading. TRIMBLE Survey Controller Software

6

Roading

In this chapter:

■

■

■

■

■

Introduction

Transferring or keying in road information

Reviewing the road information

Staking out points on the road by station and offset

Measuring positions on the road

6 Roading

6.1

Introduction

This chapter shows you how to stake out roads and determine your position relative to a road design. It explains how to review roading information and select a point to stake out on a road. It shows how to navigate to a non-side-slope point and a side-slope point, and measure an as-staked point.

C

Warning – Do not stake out points and then change the coordinate system or perform a calibration. If you do, these points will be inconsistent with the new coordinate system and any points computed or staked out after the change.

6.2

Transferring or Keying in Road Information

Before staking out a road or determining your position relative to a road, key in or transfer a road definition.

For information on how to do this, see Roads, page 134, and

Templates, page 144.

To transfer a road definition, use Trimble’s RoadLink™ software, which is a module of the Trimble Geomatics Office software. For

more information about how to transfer files see, Chapter 4, Data

Transfer.

Each road is transferred as a job. To open a job, select Files / Job

management.

Note – Once the files are transferred, you can copy several roads into

a single job. For more information, see Copying between Jobs, page 46.

Each road transferred using the RoadLink software contains the coordinate system for the road. Roads always have grid coordinates.

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Note – The Trimble Survey Controller software treats all road distances, including stationing and offset values, as grid distances.

The value in the Distances field (accessed by selecting

Configuration / Job / Cogo settings) has no effect on the road definition or the way road distances are displayed.

If a ground coordinate system is defined in either the Trimble

Geomatics or Survey Controller software, then the grid coordinates are, in effect, also ground coordinates.

6.3

Reviewing the Road Information

To review road information in the Trimble Survey Controller software:

1.

Open the job.

2.

From the main menu, select Files / Review current job.

The following section describes the roading records that appear.

6.3.1

Roading Records

Information about a road appears in the following order:

1.

The name of the road. This record includes:

• Horizontal alignment elements – These records appear in order of increasing stationing. There is a record for each alignment element.

• Vertical alignment elements – These records appear in order of increasing stationing. There is a record for each alignment element.

• Template records – Templates define the cross-sections used along the road. Template records show what templates are used at the various stations along the road. There is a record each time the template changes. These records appear in order of increasing stationing.

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• Superelevation and/or widening records – There is a record each time the superelevation and/or widening changes. These records appear in order of increasing stationing.

2.

The name of the template(s).

This record includes the template elements that define the cross-section of the road, starting from the centerline. Each record defines an element in the template.

Note – If a road has a horizontal and vertical alignment but no templates, all offset points display a null (?) value in the V.Dist field during stakeout. If a road definition is defined only as a horizontal alignment, you can only stake it out in two dimensions. The horizontal and vertical alignments of a road do not necessarily start and end at the same stationing. When they do not, you can only stake out points in three dimensions if their stations lie within the horizontal alignment.

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6.4

Staking out Points on the Road by Station and

Offset

Before staking out a point on the road, read General Procedure,

page 308 and page 378, and Stakeout Settings, page 379.

6.4.1

Select a Point on a Road

To do this:

1.

From the main menu, select Survey / Stakeout/Roads. A screen, similar to the following one, appears:

2.

In the Road name field, select the road to be staked out. To select a road, access the Road name field and tap l to view a list of available roads, and highlight the required road.

B

Tip – To review the selected road, tap

V

now. To edit the road, tap k

. Use the Key in / Road screen that appears to edit the road.

3.

Tap E to enter the name in the Road name field.

The Code field displays the code of the offset to be staked out.

The Trimble Survey Controller software uses the code from the template definition for the selected offset. When the offset is

0.000 m, the code defaults to CL.

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B

Tip – If you stake out a point and then measure it, you can edit the code in the Confirm staked deltas screen. Alternatively, store the point and then select Files / Review current job to edit the code. To change the default code for the template element, select either Key In / Templates or

Files / Review current job.

4.

In the Stake field, select Station and offset.

5.

Enter a value in the Antenna/Target height field and make sure that the Measured to field is set correctly. This is especially important when staking out a catch point. The Trimble Survey

Controller software can accurately locate the point only if this setting is correct.

6.4.2

Select the Station to be Staked Out

To do this:

1.

Do one of the following:

– Select it from a list. To do this, highlight the Station field and tap l to display a list of stations. The following screen appears:

The list contains the stations defined by the section interval, and the stations where the horizontal or vertical alignment changes.

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SC

Table 6.1 lists the abbreviations that the Trimble Survey

Controller software uses.

Stationing abbreviations Table 6.1

Abbreviation Meaning

CS Curve to spiral

PC Point of curvature

(Tangent to curve)

PI

PT

RE

RS

Point of intersection

Point of tangent

(Curve to tangent)

Road end

Road start

Spiral to curve

Abbreviation Meaning

SS Spiral to spiral

ST Spiral to tangent

TS

VCE

VCS

VPI

XS

Tangent to spiral

Vertical curve end

Vertical curve start

Vertical point of intersection

Cross-section

– Enter a value. The value must be between the Start station and the End station for the road.

– Tap + to select the next station in the list. Tap to select the previous station in the list.

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6.4.3

Select the Offset to be Staked Out

To do this:

1.

Do one of the following:

– Select a specific offset from a list. To do this, access the

Offset field and tap l . The following screen appears with a list of all offsets and their codes (if assigned):

In Key in / Template, these codes are assigned as part of the template element.

In the RoadLink software, you assign a code in the template definition.

– Enter a value. A negative value for an offset to the left of the centerline; a positive value for an offset to the right.

If you enter a value greater than the maximum offset in the template, a message appears. It warns that the offset is outside the range, and asks if you want to use the left sideslope, or right, depending on the value entered.

If you tap z another message appears. It warns that point positions will be in two dimensions, and asks whether you want to continue. This option is useful if you need to stake out the 2D position of a feature not defined in the template (the position of a lamppost, for example).

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– Tap ^ and select an option from the Offset menu, which appears in the following screen:

Table 6-2 describes these options.

Table 6-2 Offset menu options

Option

Leftmost

Next left

Next right

Rightmost

Description

Selects the leftmost template element

Decrements the offset (selects the previous record in the list of offsets)

Increments the offset (selects the next record in the list of offsets)

Selects the rightmost template element

B

Tip – Select an offset from the list, or by using the

^

. For all subsequent station values, the offset value will be updated to reflect any widening or interpolation.

If you enter an offset value, that value will be maintained for all subsequent station values, even when the entered value corresponds to a value in the list.

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Consider Figure 6.1. If you select offset 5 m at station 0 m, the

offset value will update to follow the solid line for subsequent stations, moving from offset 5 m to offset 8 m.

If you enter 5 m for the offset, the offset will follow the dashed line, maintaining offset 5 m for subsequent stations.

0m

40m 100m

8m

Figure 6.1

Offset Selection

2.

If there is a value in the Construction H.Offset field, the

Construction H.Offset applied field specifies how it is applied.

Do one of the following:

– To apply the offset horizontally, select Horizontal.

– To apply the offset at the slope value of the previous template element, select Slope.

You cannot apply construction horizontal offsets at the slope value of the previous template element for points with zero offset.

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Previous template element

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Figure 6.2 shows how the Horizontal and Slope options are used

in the Construction H.Offset applied field. The construction

V.Offset value in the diagram is 0.000.

Stake

Point selected for stakeout

Construction H.Offset

applied field set to Slope

Construction H.Offset

applied field set to

Horizontal

Construction

H.Offset

Figure 6.2

Options in the Construction H.Offset applied field

3.

If there is a value in the Construction H.offset field, the Trimble

Survey Controller software directs you to a point that is offset from the design point.

A negative value offsets the point towards the centerline (in).

A positive value offsets the point away from the centerline

(out).

Note – If you enter a value for the Construction H.Offset on the centerline (at offset 0.00 m), a negative value offset is to the left.

4.

If there is a value in the Construction V.Offset field, the Trimble

Survey Controller software directs you to a point that is offset vertically from the design point, as follows:

– A negative value offsets the point vertically down.

– A positive value offsets the point vertically up.

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6.4.4

Note – Construction offsets are not automatically applied to a

side-slope offset. For more information, see page 110. Construction

offset values specified here are not applied to a DTM surface.

Navigating to a Point on the Road

The navigation process that the Trimble Survey Controller software uses depends on whether you are staking out a non-side-slope point or a side-slope point.

Note – Before navigating to the point in a GPS survey, make sure that

the survey is initialized. For more information, see RTK Initialization

Methods, page 264.

Icons in the graphical display screen

Table 6.3 lists the icons that appear in the top right of the graphical

display screen when you stake out a point on a road. (The graphical display screen is shown in the next section.)

Table 6.3

Icons in the graphical display screen

Icon Information about the point staked out

The point is on the left side of the road and is in cut.

1

The point is on the left side of the road and is in fill.

2

The point is on the right side of the road and is in cut.

The point is on the right side of the road and is in fill.

1

Cut means that the elevation of the design point is lower than the current position.

2

Fill means that the elevation of the design point is higher than the current position

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Note – In addition, for side-slope positions the slope value is displayed below the icon. For non-side-slope positions the code (or offset value if no code is assigned) is displayed below the icon.

Navigating to a non-side-slope point

1.

Select a point and tap x

. The Stakeout graphical display screen appears. If you are using a conventional instrument, refer to the screen on the right:

The station value for the point appears at the top of the screen.

An icon to the right indicates:

– the side of the road on which the point lies

– whether the point is in cut or fill

– the code (or offset value, if no code is assigned) for the point

For more information, see Table 6.3.

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The left side of the screen shows the compass arrow, and the right side of the screen displays values in the following fields.

Table 6-4 shows these fields and the equivalent field in a

conventional survey.

Table 6-4 Non-side-slope point fields

Field

Azimuth

What it shows

Azimuth to the point.

In a conventional survey, this field is replaced by ...

Go In (or Go Out).

Horizontal

Distance

Horizontal distance to the point. This value is also shown at the bottom of the graphical display screen.

Go Left (or Go Right).

Vertical Distance

(cut/fill)

Distance between the present position and the design position being staked out.

Road: Go

Forward (or Go

Backward)

Distance from the current position to the point, relative to the road.

Forward is towards the end station, backward is towards the start station.

Road: Go Left (or

Go Right)

Distance from the current position to the point, relative to the road. If you are facing the end station, “Left” is on your left.

1

1 The forward/backward and right/left values are relative to the

cross-section of the point being staked out (see Figure 6.3). They

are not relative to the current direction of travel or to the current stationing and they do not represent delta stationing and offset values for points on curved sections of the road. If you are using a conventional instrument, the road values only appear after you take a distance measurement.

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Figure 6.3 shows an example of the forwards direction and the

right direction when staking out a point.

Direction of increasing stationing

Forwards

Right

Figure 6.3

Forwards direction and right direction

2.

Use the graphical display or the text display to navigate to the point. Do one of the following:

–

If you are using a conventional instrument, see Using the

Graphical Display During Stakeout, page 381.

– If you are using GPS, use the arrow as a guide and start moving towards the point, holding the TSCe data collector in front of you. The arrow points in the direction of the point to be staked out. When you walk towards the point, the arrow points to the top of the screen.

Note – The direction arrow only works correctly when you are moving. Always move forward towards the point.

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When you get closer to the point, the arrow disappears.

Instead, a bull’s-eye symbol represents the point, and a cross represents your position, as shown in the following screen:

Note – When you navigate to a non-side-slope point with

3.

Tap construction offsets, the bull’s-eye symbol represents the F

to go into Fine mode. For more information, see Fine and Coarse Modes, page 309.

4.

When you are on the point, the cross covers the bull’s-eye symbol. Check the precisions and mark the point.

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Note – The symbol that shows the position of the point also

shows the road-space coordinate frame. Figure 6.4 shows how

the long line points in the direction of increasing station, while the short line points in the direction (left to right) of increasing offset.

Direction of increasing stationing

Direction of increasing offset (right side of road)

Figure 6.4

Point icon in the graphical display screen

5.

Do one of the following:

–

Measure the point. For more information, see Measuring the As-Staked Position, page 113.

– To stake out another point, tap

9

to return to the Stake

out road screen.

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Navigating to a side-slope point

To navigate to a side-slope point:

1.

Select a side-slope point and tap x

. The Stakeout graphical display screen appears. If you are using a conventional instrument, refer to the screen on the right:

The station value for the point appears at the top of the screen.

An icon to the right indicates:

– the side of the road on which the point lies

– whether this is a cut slope or a fill slope

– the slope value of the side-slope

For more information, see Table 6.3, page 102.

Note – For side-slope offsets where the slope changes between templates, the Trimble Survey Controller software calculates the side-slope for intermediate stations by interpolating the slope value.

The screen shows a graphical display and text. The fields that appear are the same as those which appear in the display for a

non-side-slope point, as shown on page 103.

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Note – Values in the

∆

Backward (or

∆

Forward) and

∆

Left (or

∆

Right) fields are relative to the cross-section of the point that is being staked out. They are not relative to the current stationing and do not represent delta stationing and offset values for points on curved sections of the road. For more

information, see Table 6.3, page 102.

The graphical display also shows a dashed line that connects the side-slope catch position—the point where the side-slope

2.

Tap

*

to select a side-slope option. The following screen appears:

Table 6-5 explains the Select menu options for a side-slope.

Table 6-5 Select menu options

Option Description

Catch point (Auto) The Trimble Survey Controller software selects the side-slope (cut or fill) to intersect with the ground. This is the default.

Catch point (Cut)

Catch point (Fill)

Fixes the side-slope as a cut side-slope.

Fixes the side-slope as a fill side-slope.

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Table 6-5 Select menu options (Continued)

Option

Add Constr. offsets to Catch pt

Description

Applies the horizontal and vertical construction offsets specified to the catch point.

Navigate to the catch point before selecting this option. The position of the offset point depends on the catch point, so make sure that you stake out the catch point precisely.

Hinge point Stakes out the base of the side-slope. This is the most direct way to select the hinge point if the template includes a ditch offset.

Note: Construction offsets are not applied to the hinge point when you use this method to

There is no need to tap select the hinge point.

point. Navigate to the catch point and then press

*

Constr. offsets to Catch pt and navigate to the offset point.

construction offsets.

. Select Add

* when staking out a catch point with no

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The actual intersection position of the side-slope with the existing ground surface—the catch point—is determined iteratively (by repetition). The Trimble Survey Controller software calculates the intersection of a horizontal plane passing through the current position,

and either the cut or fill side-slope, as shown in Figure 6.5, where x

n

is the Go Right/Left value.

x

1 x

2 x

3

Figure 6.5

Locating a catch point

3.

Navigate to the point.

4.

Use the graphical display or the text display to navigate to the point. Do one of the following:

–

If you are using a conventional instrument, see Using the

Graphical Display During Stakeout, page 381.

– If you are using GPS, use the arrow as a guide and start moving towards the point, holding the TSCe data collector in front of you. The arrow points in the direction of the point to be staked out. When you walk towards the point, the arrow points to the top of the screen.

Note – The direction arrow only works correctly when you are moving. Always move forwards towards the point.

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When you get closer to the point, the arrow disappears.

Instead, a bull’s-eye symbol represents the point and a cross represents your position, as shown in the following screen:

5.

Tap

The position of the bull’s-eye symbol shows the computed F

to go into Fine mode. For more information, see Fine and Coarse Modes, page 309.

Note – Construction offsets are not automatically applied to a catch point. Navigate to the catch point and then go to Step 2.

Select Add constr. offsets to Catch pt and navigate to the offset point.

6.

Locate and mark the point, then do one of the following:

–

Measure the point. For more information, see Measuring the As-Staked Position, page 113.

– To stake out another point, tap

9

to return to the Stake

out roads screen.

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6.4.5

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Measuring the As-Staked Position

To measure the as-staked position, locate and mark the point, hold the

1.

In the graphical display screen, tap m

, then do one of the following:

– value for the point name and tap m

. The s

button appears when enough data has been collected. Tap it to store the point.

– In a conventional survey, the s

button appears. Tap it to store the point.

2.

If the View deltas before storage check box in the Stakeout

settings screen is selected, and you are staking out a non-side-slope point, screens similar to those shown below appear:

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If you are staking out a side-slope point, screens similar to those shown below appear:

Note – The value in the S.dist to hinge + Constr off: field includes any construction offset values specified and reports the slope distance from the hinge to the as-staked position. The value is null (?) if there is no horizontal construction offset specified or the horizontal construction offset is applied horizontally.

Note – The value in the Design elevation field and the H.Offset

B field for the design road is null (?) for catch points.

Tip – Tap

å

to view the Stake template deltas screen. It shows the horizontal offset and vertical distance from the catch point to the end of each template element, up to and including the centerline. If the template includes a cut ditch, the report will include the hinge position at the toe of the cut slope. The reported values exclude any construction offset specified.

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Figure 6.6 explains some of these fields.

A A F F

C

D

E

H J

H

D

E

C

J

G B

B

Figure 6.6

Typical cross-section of a road

Where:

A = Distance to center line

B = Horizontal distance to hinge point

C = Vertical distance to hinge point

D = Slope

E = Slope distance to hinge point

F = Construction horizontal offset

G = Ditch offset

H = Hinge point

J = Catch point

3.

Tap s

to store the point.

4.

Stake out more points. For more information, see Staking out

Points on the Road by Station and Offset, page 95.

When there are no more points to stake out, tap

9

to return to the Survey menu.

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6.5

Measuring Positions on the Road

When you use the Trimble Survey Controller software to measure points, it can display your current position on the road.

6.5.1

Determining Current Position Relative to a Road

To determine your current position relative to a road:

1.

From the main menu, Survey / Stakeout / Roads. The following screen appears:

2.

In the Road name field, select the road to be staked out.

view a list of available roads. Highlight the required road.

To review the selected road, tap the Key in Road screen .

V

. To edit the road, tap k to

and use

3.

In the Stake field, select Position on road.

4.

Enter a value in the Antenna/Target height field and make sure that the Measured to field is set correctly.

5.

If there is a value in the V.Offset field, the Trimble Survey

Controller software reports your position relative to the design, as adjusted by the specified vertical offset:

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– A negative value offsets the design vertically down, a positive value up.

6.

Tap

Note – The V.Offset value specified here is not applied to a x

. The following screen shows your position relative to the road. If you are using a conventional instrument, refer to the screen on the right:

Note – If you are using a conventional instrument, the road values only appear after you take a distance measurement.

The top of the screen displays the road name. For information about the icons that appear in the top right of the screen, see

Table 6.3, page 102. The right side of the screen displays values

in the following fields:

– North–the northing coordinate of the current position

– East–the easting coordinate of the current position

– Station–the station value of the current position relative to the road

– Offset (left/right)–the offset value of the current position relative to the road

– V. dist–the vertical distance (cut/fill) of the current position to the road

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In the graphical display, shown in Figure 6.7, the road is shown

as an icon. It represents a portion of the centerline and shows the direction of increasing stationing. If your current position is more than 25 meters (about 75 feet) from the centerline, the arrow guides you to a position on the centerline. (The software calculates this position by projecting your current position at right angles to the centerline.) If your current position is off the road, that is, your current position is before the start station or beyond the end station of the road, the arrow guides you to the start of the road.

Direction of increasing station

+

Your current position

Figure 6.7

Road icon in the graphical display screen

7.

Do one of the following:

– Measure the point. For more information, see the next section.

– Move to another position on the road and repeat the steps described above.

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Measuring Current Position Relative to the Road

1.

In the graphical display screen, tap m

and then do one of the following:

– s button appears. Tap it to store the point.

– In a conventional survey, tap a. The appears. Tap it to store the point.

m

. The button

2.

If the View deltas before storage field in the Stakeout settings screen is set to Yes, a screen similar to the one shown below appears:

Note – The design elevation excludes any V.Offset specified.

If your position is before the start station or after the end station, the Station field displays “Off road”, and the Offset and

V.Dist fields display null (“?”). If your position is within the start and end station values but at a greater offset than either the left or right catch points, the Station and Offset fields display the relevant values but the V.Dist field displays null

(“?”).

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