- Computers & electronics
- Telecom & navigation
- Two-way radios
- Motorola
- ASTRO APX 7000 Series
- User manual
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Contents
Declaration of Conformity......................... 9
Important Safety Information........13
Software Version............................14
Notice to Users (FCC and Industry
Canada)....................................................14
Consignes de sécurité importantes.................................15
Version logicielle........................... 16
Avis aux utilisateurs (FCC et Industrie
Canada)....................................................16
Computer Software Copyrights....17
Documentation Copyrights...........18
Disclaimer.......................................19
Getting Started............................... 20
How to Use This Guide..................................20
Notations Used in This Manual......................20
Additional Performance Enhancement.......... 20
ASTRO 25 Enhanced Data.................20
Dynamic System Resilience (DSR).... 21
CrossTalk Prevention..........................21
Encrypted Integrated Data (EID).........21
SecureNet...........................................21
Conventional Talkgroup and Radio
Scan Enhancements......................21
What Your Dealer/System Administrator
Can Tell You.............................................22
Preparing Your Radio for Use.......23
Charging the Battery......................................23
Attaching the Battery..................................... 23
1
English
2
English
Attaching the Antenna................................... 24
Removing and Attaching the Accessory
Connector Cover...................................... 25
Using the Carry Holder.................................. 26
Turning On the Radio.................................... 28
Adjusting the Volume.....................................29
Identifying Radio Controls............ 30
Radio Parts and Controls...............................30
Programmable Features................................31
Assignable Radio Functions............... 32
Assignable Settings or Utility
Functions....................................... 35
Accessing the Preprogrammed Functions.....36
Menu Select Buttons...........................36
Home Button.......................................37
4-Way Navigation Button.................... 37
Data Feature Button............................37
Keypad...........................................................37
Mode..............................................38
Mode..............................................39
Mode..............................................40
Keypad Characters – Hexadecimal
Mode..............................................41
Push-To-Talk (PTT) Button............................42
Identifying Status Indicators.........43
Status Icons...................................................43
Text Messaging Service (TMS) Indicators.....48
TMS Status Icons................................48
TMS Menu Options............................. 50
Call Type Icons..............................................50
LED Indicator.................................................51
Intelligent Lighting Indicators......................... 52
Alert Tones.................................................... 53
Phone Call Displays and Alerts..................... 57
General Radio Operation...............59
Selecting a Zone............................................59
Selecting a Radio Channel............................ 60
Selecting a Channel via Channel Search
Button....................................................... 60
Mode Select Feature..................................... 61
Saving a Zone and a Channel to a
Softkey...........................................61
Saving a Zone and a Channel to a
Button............................................ 62
Receiving and Responding to a Radio Call... 62
Talkgroup Call................................63
Private Call (Trunking Only)...........63
Telephone Call (Trunking Only).....64
Making a Radio Call.......................................64
Making a Talkgroup Call..................... 65
Making a Private Call (Trunking
Only).............................................. 65
Making an Enhanced Private Call
(Trunking Only).............................. 66
Making a Telephone Call (Trunking
Only).............................................. 67
Switching Between Repeater or Direct
Operation Button...................................... 68
Monitor Feature............................................. 68
Monitoring a Channel..........................68
Monitoring Conventional Mode........... 69
Advanced Features........................70
Advanced Call Features................................ 70
Conventional Only)........................ 70
(Conventional Operation Only)...... 71
Sending a Status Call......................... 72
Only).............................................. 72
Dynamic Zone Programming (DZP)....74
Contacts.........................................................76
Making a Private Call from Contacts...77
Adding a New Contact Entry...............78
Deleting a Contact Entry.....................79
Adding a Contact to a Call List............79
Removing a Contact from a Call
List................................................. 80
Methods of Contact Editing in a
Call List.......................................... 80
Viewing Details of a Contact............... 82
Scan Lists...................................................... 82
Viewing a Scan List.............................82
Editing the Scan List........................... 82
Changing the Scan List Status............83
Viewing and Changing the Priority
Status.............................................84
Scan...............................................................84
Turning Scan On or Off.......................85
3
English
4
English
Making a Dynamic Priority Change
(Conventional Scan Only)..............85
Deleting a Nuisance Channel............. 85
Restoring a Nuisance Channel........... 86
Call Alert Paging............................................86
Receiving a Call Alert Page................ 86
Sending a Call Alert Page...................86
Emergency Operation....................................88
Sending an Emergency Alarm............ 89
(Trunking Only).............................. 89
Sending an Emergency Alarm with
Emergency Call............................. 90
Sending a Silent Emergency Alarm.... 91
Emergency.....................................91
Emergency Keep-Alive Feature.......... 91
Fireground (Conventional Only).....................92
Entering Fireground Zone Channel.....92
Responding to Evacuation Indicator... 93
Tactical Public Safety(TPS) (Conventional
Only)......................................................... 94
Using TPS Normal Transmission........94
Transmission................................. 94
Man Down......................................................95
Pre-Alert Timer....................................96
Post-Alert Timer.................................. 96
Feature is Triggered...................... 97
Triggering Emergency.........................97
Enhanced is Triggered...................97
Exiting Man Down Feature..................98
Re-Initiating Man Down.......................98
Testing the Man Down Feature...........98
Automatic Registration Service (ARS)...........99
Mode..............................................99
User Login Feature........................... 100
Text Messaging Service (TMS)................... 102
Accessing the Messaging Features.. 102
Text Message.............................. 103
Sending a Quick Text Message........ 104
Priority Status and Request Reply of a New Text Message............... 105
ASTRO 25 Advanced Messaging Solution..112
Advanced Messaging Solution.... 113
Two-Factor Authentication................ 113
Sending a Query...............................115
Receiving a Query............................ 117
Secure Operations.......................................117
Selecting Secure Transmissions.......118
Selecting Clear Transmissions......... 118
Managing Encryption........................ 118
Security........................................................123
Radio Lock........................................123
Radio Stun and Kill...................................... 126
Radio Stun........................................ 126
Radio Kill...........................................126
Global Positioning System (GPS)................127
GPS Operation..................................128
GPS Performance Enhancement......129
(Using GPS).................................129
Military Grid Reference System
(MGRS) Coordinates................... 130
Accessing the Outdoor Location
Feature........................................ 130
Saving a Waypoint............................131
Viewing a Saved Waypoint............... 132
Editing the Alias of a Waypoint......... 132
Waypoint......................................133
Deleting a Single Saved Waypoint....134
Deleting All Saved Waypoints...........135
Bearing from a Saved Waypoint.. 135
Mode............................................135
(ASTRO Conventional only)........ 136
Geofence (ASTRO 25 Trunking System).... 137
Entering the Geofence Area............. 137
Trunking System Controls........................... 138
Using the Failsoft System................. 138
Out-of-Range Radio..........................139
Site Trunking Feature....................... 139
Locking and Unlocking a Site............139
Site Display and Search Button........ 140
Mission Critical Wireless - Bluetooth
®
Turning the Bluetooth On..................141
Turning the Bluetooth Off..................142
Re-Pair Timer....................................142
Bluetooth Drop Timer........................143
Motorola Proximity Pairing (LF-
MPP) Feature.............................. 145
Radio Indications of Lost Bluetooth
Connection...................................146
Standard Pairing Feature..................146
PIN Authentication in Pairing............ 149
Turning On the Bluetooth Audio
Radio to the Headset)..................152
5
English
6
English
Turning Off the Bluetooth Audio
Headset to the Radio)..................153
Adjusting the Volume of the Radio from Bluetooth Audio Device....... 153
Viewing and Clearing the Bluetooth
Device Information.......................154
Clearing All Bluetooth Devices
Information...................................155
Editing the Bluetooth Friendly
Name........................................... 156
Pairing with LEX 700.........................156
Programming Over Project 25 (POP 25)
(ASTRO 25 and ASTRO Conventional). 157
Responding to the Notification of
Upgrade....................................... 157
Voice Announcement...................................158
Site Selectable Alerts (ASTRO 25)..............159
Sending SSA Notification to Single
Site...............................................159
Sending SSA Notification to Single
Site Via Manual Entry.................. 160
Sending SSA Notification to All
Sites.............................................161
Sending SSA Notification to All
Available Sites............................. 162
Stopping SSA Notification of a
Single Site....................................162
Stopping SSA Notification of a
Single Site Via Manual Entry....... 163
Stopping SSA Notification of All
Sites.............................................163
Stopping SSA Notification of All
Available Sites............................. 164
Long Term Evolution (LTE)..........................164
Data Profiles Available for LTE......... 166
Menu Screen............................... 166
Button.......................................... 167
Turning Off the LTE Connection....... 168
Information at the LTE Screen.......... 168
Scenario of Changing from LTEenabled Channel to LTEdisabled Channel......................... 169
Scenario of Changing from LTEenabled Channel to
Unprogrammed Channel............. 170
Scenario of Entering or Exiting
Out-of-Range Site........................170
Utilities......................................................... 170
Viewing Recent Calls........................170
Using the Flip Display....................... 171
Selecting a Basic Zone Bank............171
Selecting an Enhanced Zone Bank.. 171
Selecting the Power Level................ 172
Selecting a Radio Profile...................173
Enabling and Disabling the Radio
Alias............................................. 174
Selecting the Audio Speaker.............174
Controlling the Display Backlight...... 175
Locking and Unlocking the Keypad and Controls................................ 175
Turning the Controls and Keypad
Buttons Tones On or Off..............176
Turning Voice Mute On or Off........... 176
Using the Time-Out Timer.................176
Time and Date Setup........................177
Operation Features......................178
Using the PL Defeat Feature............ 179
Digital PTT ID Support...................... 179
Smart PTT Feature (Conventional
Only)............................................ 179
Transmit Inhibit................................. 180
IMPRES Battery Annunciator............181
General Radio Information................182
Helpful Tips.................................. 186
Radio Care...................................................186
Cleaning Your Radio.........................187
Proper Ways to Handle the Radio.... 187
Radio Service and Repair.................188
Battery Care.................................................188
Battery Charge Status.......................188
Battery Recycling and Disposal........ 190
Accessories..................................191
Maritime Radio Use in the VHF
Frequency Range..................... 192
Special Channel Assignments.....................192
Emergency Channel......................... 192
Non-Commercial Call Channel......... 192
Operating Frequency Requirements............192
Declaration of Compliance for the Use of
Distress and Safety Frequencies............195
Technical Parameters for Interfacing
External Data Sources............................195
7
English
8
English
Glossary........................................196
Limited Warranty..........................203
PRODUCTS........................................... 203
AND FOR HOW LONG:......................... 203
II. GENERAL PROVISIONS:....................... 204
III. STATE LAW RIGHTS:............................204
IV. HOW TO GET WARRANTY SERVICE:.204
V. WHAT THIS WARRANTY DOES NOT
COVER:..................................................205
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Table of contents
- 5 Contents
- 13 Declaration of Conformity
- 17 Important Safety Information
- 18 Software Version
- 18 Notice to Users (FCC and Industry Canada)
- 19 Consignes de sécurité importantes
- 20 Version logicielle
- 20 Avis aux utilisateurs (FCC et Industrie Canada)
- 21 Computer Software Copyrights
- 22 Documentation Copyrights
- 23 Disclaimer
- 24 Getting Started
- 24 How to Use This Guide
- 24 Notations Used in This Manual
- 24 Additional Performance Enhancement
- 24 ASTRO 25 Enhanced Data
- 25 Dynamic System Resilience (DSR)
- 25 CrossTalk Prevention
- 25 Encrypted Integrated Data (EID)
- 25 SecureNet
- 25 Conventional Talkgroup and Radio Scan Enhancements
- 26 What Your Dealer/System Administrator Can Tell You
- 27 Preparing Your Radio for Use
- 27 Charging the Battery
- 27 Attaching the Battery
- 28 Attaching the Antenna
- 29 Removing and Attaching the Accessory Connector Cover
- 30 Using the Carry Holder
- 32 Turning On the Radio
- 33 Adjusting the Volume
- 34 Identifying Radio Controls
- 34 Radio Parts and Controls
- 35 Programmable Features
- 36 Assignable Radio Functions
- 39 Assignable Settings or Utility Functions
- 40 Accessing the Preprogrammed Functions
- 40 Menu Select Buttons
- 41 Home Button
- 41 4-Way Navigation Button
- 41 Data Feature Button
- 41 Keypad
- 42 Keypad Characters – Uppercase Mode
- 43 Keypad Characters – Lowercase Mode
- 44 Keypad Characters – Numeric Mode
- 45 Keypad Characters – Hexadecimal Mode
- 46 Push-To-Talk (PTT) Button
- 47 Identifying Status Indicators
- 47 Status Icons
- 52 Text Messaging Service (TMS) Indicators
- 52 TMS Status Icons
- 54 TMS Menu Options
- 54 Call Type Icons
- 55 LED Indicator
- 56 Intelligent Lighting Indicators
- 57 Alert Tones
- 61 Phone Call Displays and Alerts
- 63 General Radio Operation
- 63 Selecting a Zone
- 64 Selecting a Radio Channel
- 64 Selecting a Channel via Channel Search Button
- 65 Mode Select Feature
- 65 Saving a Zone and a Channel to a Softkey
- 66 Saving a Zone and a Channel to a Button
- 66 Receiving and Responding to a Radio Call
- 67 Receiving and Responding to a Talkgroup Call
- 67 Receiving and Responding to a Private Call (Trunking Only)
- 68 Receiving and Responding to a Telephone Call (Trunking Only)
- 68 Making a Radio Call
- 69 Making a Talkgroup Call
- 69 Making a Private Call (Trunking Only)
- 70 Making an Enhanced Private Call (Trunking Only)
- 71 Making a Telephone Call (Trunking Only)
- 72 Switching Between Repeater or Direct Operation Button
- 72 Monitor Feature
- 72 Monitoring a Channel
- 73 Monitoring Conventional Mode
- 74 Advanced Features
- 74 Advanced Call Features
- 74 Selective Call (ASTRO Conventional Only)
- 74 Receiving a Selective Call
- 74 Making a Selective Call
- 75 Talkgroup Call Feature (Conventional Operation Only)
- 75 Selecting a Talkgroup
- 76 Sending a Status Call
- 76 Responding to the Dynamic Regrouping Feature (Trunking Only)
- 77 Requesting a Reprogram (Trunking Only)
- 77 Classification of Regrouped Radios
- 78 Dynamic Zone Programming (DZP)
- 78 Entering the Dynamic Zone to Select a Dynamic Channel
- 79 Saving a Channel in the Dynamic Zone from List Selection
- 79 Saving a Channel in the Dynamic Zone from Channel Name
- 80 Deleting a Channel in the Dynamic Zone
- 80 Contacts
- 81 Making a Private Call from Contacts
- 82 Adding a New Contact Entry
- 83 Deleting a Contact Entry
- 83 Adding a Contact to a Call List
- 84 Removing a Contact from a Call List
- 84 Methods of Contact Editing in a Call List
- 84 Editing an Entry Alias
- 85 Editing as Entry ID
- 85 Editing a Call Type
- 86 Viewing Details of a Contact
- 86 Scan Lists
- 86 Viewing a Scan List
- 86 Editing the Scan List
- 87 Changing the Scan List Status
- 88 Viewing and Changing the Priority Status
- 88 Scan
- 89 Turning Scan On or Off
- 89 Making a Dynamic Priority Change (Conventional Scan Only)
- 89 Deleting a Nuisance Channel
- 90 Restoring a Nuisance Channel
- 90 Call Alert Paging
- 90 Receiving a Call Alert Page
- 90 Sending a Call Alert Page
- 92 Emergency Operation
- 93 Sending an Emergency Alarm
- 93 Sending an Emergency Call (Trunking Only)
- 94 Sending an Emergency Alarm with Emergency Call
- 95 Sending a Silent Emergency Alarm
- 95 Change of Channels during Emergency
- 95 Emergency Keep-Alive Feature
- 96 Fireground (Conventional Only)
- 96 Entering Fireground Zone Channel
- 97 Responding to Evacuation Indicator
- 98 Tactical Public Safety(TPS) (Conventional Only)
- 98 Using TPS Normal Transmission
- 98 Using TPS Emergency Transmission
- 99 Man Down
- 100 Pre-Alert Timer
- 100 Post-Alert Timer
- 101 Radio Alerts When Man Down Feature is Triggered
- 101 Triggering Emergency
- 101 Radio Alerts When Man Down Enhanced is Triggered
- 102 Exiting Man Down Feature
- 102 Re-Initiating Man Down
- 102 Testing the Man Down Feature
- 103 Automatic Registration Service (ARS)
- 103 Selecting or Changing the ARS Mode
- 104 User Login Feature
- 104 Logging In as a User
- 105 Logging Out
- 106 Text Messaging Service (TMS)
- 106 Accessing the Messaging Features
- 107 Composing and Sending a New Text Message
- 108 Sending a Quick Text Message
- 109 Priority Status and Request Reply of a New Text Message
- 109 Appending a Priority Status to a Text Message
- 110 Removing a Priority Status from a Text Message
- 110 Appending a Request Reply to a Text Message
- 110 Removing a Request Reply from a Text Message
- 111 Appending a Priority Status and a Reply Request to a Text Message
- 111 Removing a Priority Status and a Reply Request from a Text Message
- 111 Managing Text Messages
- 111 Receiving a Text Message
- 112 Viewing a Text Message from the Inbox
- 113 Replying to a Received Text Message
- 114 Accessing the Drafts Folder
- 114 Sent Text Messages
- 114 Viewing a Sent Text Message
- 115 Sending a Sent Text Message
- 115 Deleting a Text Message
- 116 Deleting All Text Messages
- 116 ASTRO 25 Advanced Messaging Solution
- 117 System Setup for ASTRO Advanced Messaging Solution
- 117 Two-Factor Authentication
- 118 Logging in via the Two-Factor Authentication
- 119 Logging out of Two-Factor Authentication
- 119 Sending a Query
- 121 Receiving a Query
- 121 Secure Operations
- 122 Selecting Secure Transmissions
- 122 Selecting Clear Transmissions
- 122 Managing Encryption
- 122 Loading an Encryption Key
- 122 Multikey Feature
- 123 Selecting an Encryption Key
- 124 Selecting a Keyset
- 124 Erasing the Selected Encryption Keys
- 125 Requesting an Over-the-Air Rekey (ASTRO Conventional Only)
- 126 MDC Over-the-Air Rekeying (OTAR) Page
- 126 Infinite UKEK Retention
- 126 Hear Clear
- 127 Security
- 127 Radio Lock
- 127 Unlocking Your Radio
- 128 Changing Your Password
- 129 Changing Your Tactical Inhibit Password
- 129 Enabling or Disabling the Radio Lock Feature (Secure Radios Only)
- 130 Radio Stun and Kill
- 130 Radio Stun
- 130 Using Radio Stun
- 130 Radio Kill
- 131 Using Remote Kill to Kill Another Radio
- 131 Using Direct Kill to Kill Your Own Radio
- 131 Global Positioning System (GPS)
- 132 GPS Operation
- 133 GPS Performance Enhancement
- 133 The Outdoor Location Feature (Using GPS)
- 134 Military Grid Reference System (MGRS) Coordinates
- 134 Accessing the Outdoor Location Feature
- 135 Saving a Waypoint
- 136 Viewing a Saved Waypoint
- 136 Editing the Alias of a Waypoint
- 137 Editing the Coordinates of a Waypoint
- 138 Deleting a Single Saved Waypoint
- 139 Deleting All Saved Waypoints
- 139 Measuring the Distance and Bearing from a Saved Waypoint
- 139 Location Feature in Emergency Mode
- 140 Peer-Location on the Display (ASTRO Conventional only)
- 141 Geofence (ASTRO 25 Trunking System)
- 141 Entering the Geofence Area
- 142 Trunking System Controls
- 142 Using the Failsoft System
- 143 Out-of-Range Radio
- 143 Site Trunking Feature
- 143 Locking and Unlocking a Site
- 144 Site Display and Search Button
- 144 Viewing the Current Site
- 144 Changing the Current Site
- 144 Mission Critical Wireless - Bluetooth®-
- 145 Turning the Bluetooth On
- 146 Turning the Bluetooth Off
- 146 Re-Pair Timer
- 147 Bluetooth Drop Timer
- 149 Pairing with Low Frequency-Motorola Proximity Pairing (LF-MPP) Feature
- 150 Radio Indications of Lost Bluetooth Connection
- 150 Standard Pairing Feature
- 151 Searching and Pairing the Bluetooth Device
- 152 Turning Bluetooth Visibility On
- 153 Receiving Pairing Request from other Devices
- 153 Turning Bluetooth Visibility Off
- 153 PIN Authentication in Pairing
- 154 Pairing the Authentication PIN when Receiving a Pairing Request
- 155 Pairing the Authentication PIN with the Generated Numeric PIN
- 156 Pairing the Authentication PIN by Manually Keying in the Same PIN
- 156 Turning On the Bluetooth Audio (Routing the Audio from the Radio to the Headset)
- 157 Turning Off the Bluetooth Audio (Routing the Audio from the Headset to the Radio)
- 157 Adjusting the Volume of the Radio from Bluetooth Audio Device
- 158 Viewing and Clearing the Bluetooth Device Information
- 159 Clearing All Bluetooth Devices Information
- 160 Editing the Bluetooth Friendly Name
- 160 Pairing with LEX 700
- 161 Programming Over Project 25 (POP 25) (ASTRO 25 and ASTRO Conventional)
- 161 Responding to the Notification of Upgrade
- 162 Voice Announcement
- 163 Site Selectable Alerts (ASTRO 25)
- 163 Sending SSA Notification to Single Site
- 164 Sending SSA Notification to Single Site Via Manual Entry
- 165 Sending SSA Notification to All Sites
- 166 Sending SSA Notification to All Available Sites
- 166 Stopping SSA Notification of a Single Site
- 167 Stopping SSA Notification of a Single Site Via Manual Entry
- 167 Stopping SSA Notification of All Sites
- 168 Stopping SSA Notification of All Available Sites
- 168 Long Term Evolution (LTE)
- 170 Data Profiles Available for LTE
- 170 Turning On the LTE at the LTE Menu Screen
- 171 Turning On the LTE with LTE Button
- 172 Turning Off the LTE Connection
- 172 Information at the LTE Screen
- 173 Scenario of Changing from LTE-enabled Channel to LTE-disabled Channel
- 174 Scenario of Changing from LTE-enabled Channel to Unprogrammed Channel
- 174 Scenario of Entering or Exiting Out-of-Range Site
- 174 Utilities
- 174 Viewing Recent Calls
- 175 Using the Flip Display
- 175 Selecting a Basic Zone Bank
- 175 Selecting an Enhanced Zone Bank
- 176 Selecting the Power Level
- 177 Selecting a Radio Profile
- 178 Enabling and Disabling the Radio Alias
- 178 Selecting the Audio Speaker
- 179 Controlling the Display Backlight
- 179 Locking and Unlocking the Keypad and Controls
- 180 Turning the Controls and Keypad Buttons Tones On or Off
- 180 Turning Voice Mute On or Off
- 180 Using the Time-Out Timer
- 181 Time and Date Setup
- 181 Editing the Time and Date
- 182 Using Conventional Squelch Operation Features
- 182 Analog Options
- 182 Digital Options
- 183 Using the PL Defeat Feature
- 183 Digital PTT ID Support
- 183 Smart PTT Feature (Conventional Only)
- 184 Transmit Inhibit
- 184 Enabling Transmit Inhibition
- 185 Disabling Transmit Inhibition
- 185 IMPRES Battery Annunciator
- 186 Accessing the Battery Info screen
- 186 General Radio Information
- 186 Accessing the Radio Information
- 187 Viewing the IP Information
- 188 Viewing the Control Assignments
- 188 Editing the Soft ID
- 190 Helpful Tips
- 190 Radio Care
- 191 Cleaning Your Radio
- 191 Proper Ways to Handle the Radio
- 192 Radio Service and Repair
- 192 Battery Care
- 192 Battery Charge Status
- 192 LED and Sounds
- 192 Fuel Gauge Icons
- 194 Battery Recycling and Disposal
- 195 Accessories
- 196 Maritime Radio Use in the VHF Frequency Range
- 196 Special Channel Assignments
- 196 Emergency Channel
- 196 Non-Commercial Call Channel
- 196 Operating Frequency Requirements
- 199 Declaration of Compliance for the Use of Distress and Safety Frequencies
- 199 Technical Parameters for Interfacing External Data Sources
- 200 Glossary
- 207 Limited Warranty
- 207 MOTOROLA COMMUNICATION PRODUCTS
- 207 I. WHAT THIS WARRANTY COVERS AND FOR HOW LONG:
- 208 II. GENERAL PROVISIONS:
- 208 III. STATE LAW RIGHTS:
- 208 IV. HOW TO GET WARRANTY SERVICE:
- 209 V. WHAT THIS WARRANTY DOES NOT COVER:
- 209 VI. PATENT AND SOFTWARE PROVISIONS:
- 211 VII. GOVERNING LAW: