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OPERATION
NOTE
To avoid having to redo peak hunting in the future save the current peak hunting table to disk using the command ‘wd ph’.
6. Find the unit cell parameters by typing um f
NOTE
In the case of unsuccessful indexation of a unit cell then the constraints applied to the unit cell lengths and angles can be relaxed or tightened. This is achieved eg. um f 0.3 0.3 0.5 . This command will allow the length to deviate by 0.3 Angstrom, the angles to deviate by 0.3 degrees and the fraction indexed to be 0.5
Alternatively, type the command ‘pt e’ to edit the peak table. Remove some of the weaker reflections and retry indexing using ‘um f’
7. If this procedure fails to find a sensible unit cell, type pt ewald which will initiate the Ewald explorer which allows interactive peak indexing. Ewald explorer is mouse driven, using drag select techniques to enable indexing of complex lattices (see section 6.5.4).
8. Once a unit cell has been obtained type um c to produce a table of all possible reduced cells, along with a figure of merit (last figure on right, 62 % here). reduced form :
71.0733 162.0899 668.2548 -5.0861 -4.1790 -0.2886 possible lattices :
1, : 32 5.9798 9.0304 18.3358 90.4427 90.5494 90.0770 oP 0.6236
2, : 34 5.9798 18.3358 9.0304 90.4427 90.0770 90.5494 mP 0.6236
3, : 33 5.9798 9.0304 18.3358 90.4427 90.5494 90.0770 mP 0.6236
4, : 35 9.0304 5.9798 18.3358 90.5494 90.4427 90.0770 mP 0.6236
5, : 44 5.9798 9.0304 18.3358 90.4427 90.5494 90.0770 aP 0.6236
9. Select a particular reduced cell, e.g. Cell 1, orthorhombic primitive (oP) type um c 1.
NOTE
The command ‘um c’ followed by a transformation matrix can be used to change the current unit cell settings
10. Save the results of peak hunting and unit cell determination to disk using the wd ph and wd
p commands.
6.5.3.4 Data Collection
Now that we have determined the unit cell parameters we can proceed with the full data collection as follows:
1. In the program Crysalis CCD type dc editruns and follow the on-screen instructions, providing a filename for data collection.
Version 1.4 Xcalibur_Manual_v1.4
Page 48
Xcalibur
USER MANUAL
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Table of contents
- 10 1. Health and Safety Information
- 10 1.1 General
- 11 1.2 Electrical Safety
- 11 1.2.1 Potential Electrical Hazards
- 11 1.2.2 Recommended Precautions
- 11 1.2.3 First Aid
- 12 1.3 Mechanical Handling Safety
- 12 1.4 Safe Mechanical Practice
- 12 1.5 Moving Parts
- 12 1.6 X-ray Radiation
- 13 1.7 Extreme Temperatures
- 14 1.8 Vacuum
- 14 1.9 High Pressures
- 14 1.10 Hazardous or Toxic Materials
- 14 1.11 Modifications and Service
- 15 2. Introduction
- 15 2.1 Scope
- 15 2.2 How To Use This Manual
- 15 2.3 System Overview
- 16 3. Specifications
- 16 3.1 Environmental Requirements
- 16 3.2 Services
- 16 3.2.1 Electrical Supply
- 16 3.2.2 Water Cooling
- 17 3.2.3 Helium Gas Supply (where applicable)
- 17 3.3 Performance Data
- 17 3.3.1 X-ray Tube (Typical Operating Conditions)
- 18 3.3.2 Sapphire 2 CCD Detector
- 19 3.3.3 Sapphire 3 CCD Detector
- 20 3.3.4 Onyx CCD Detector
- 20 Onyx CCD Detector Theta and Resolution Ranges
- 21 3.3.5 PC CCD Interface
- 21 3.3.6 Four-circle Kappa Geometry X-ray Goniometer
- 22 4.4 Electrical Data
- 23 4. Technical Description
- 23 4.1 Overview
- 24 4.2 CCD Detector Technology
- 25 4.2.1 Beryllium Window
- 26 4.2.2 Phosphor
- 26 4.2.3 Taper
- 26 4.2.4 CCD
- 26 4.2.5 Readout Speed
- 26 4.2.6 Binning
- 27 4.2.7 Dark Current and MPP Mode
- 27 4.2.8 Radiation Damage
- 27 4.2.9 Full Well Depth and 18-bit Digitisation
- 27 4.2.10 Anti-blooming
- 27 4.2.11 Vacuum
- 27 4.2.12 Fast Shutter
- 28 4.2.13 Zingers and Cosmic Ray Events
- 28 4.3 Four-Circle Kappa Geometry Goniometer
- 29 4.4 X-ray Generator
- 30 4.5 Software
- 30 4.5.1 Directory Structure
- 31 4.5.2 Basic Menu Philosophy
- 31 4.6 KMW200CCD Chiller
- 31 4.7 KMW3000C Chiller
- 31 4.8 Low Temperature Option
- 31 4.9 Safety Features
- 32 5. Handling, Installation, Storage and Transit Information
- 32 5.1 Reception and Handling
- 32 5.1.1 Delivery
- 32 5.1.2 Unpacking
- 33 5.1.3 Mechanical Handling
- 33 5.1.3.1 Weights, Dimensions and Lifting Points
- 34 Delivery
- 34 5.2 Installation and Setting to Work
- 34 5.2.1 Preparation of Site and Services
- 34 5.2.1.1 Environmental Requirements
- 34 5.2.1.2 System Layout
- 35 5.2.1.3 Electrical Services
- 36 5.2.1.4 Water Supply
- 36 5.2.1.5 Low Temperature Option
- 36 5.2.1.6 CCD Camera Pumping
- 36 5.2.1.7 Helijet Option
- 37 5.2.2 Setting to Work
- 37 5.2.2.1 Equipment Required
- 37 5.2.2.2 Personnel Required for Installation
- 37 5.2.2.3 Setting up Procedures
- 39 Storage
- 40 6. Operation
- 40 6.1 Controls and Indicators
- 41 6.2 Initial Switch on Procedure
- 42 6.3 X-ray Tube Warm-up Procedure
- 43 6.4 Software
- 43 6.4.1 Software Updates
- 44 6.4.2 Software Installation
- 44 6.4.2.1 MGC interface software
- 45 6.4.2.2 CrysAlis Software
- 45 6.4.3 Changing Machine Correction and Set-up Files
- 46 6.5 Normal Operation
- 46 6.5.1 General Commands
- 48 6.5.2 Changing Xcalibur Settings
- 52 6.5.3 Standard Diffraction Experiment
- 52 6.5.3.1 Crystal Mounting and Alignment
- 54 6.5.3.2 Diffraction Photographs to Determine Crystal Quality
- 55 6.5.3.3 Unit Cell Determination
- 57 6.5.3.4 Data Collection
- 58 6.5.3.5 Data Processing and Reduction
- 59 6.5.3.5.1 Orientation Matrix
- 60 6.5.3.5.2 Run List
- 61 6.5.3.5.3 Scan Width
- 61 6.5.3.5.4 Background Evaluation
- 62 6.5.3.5.5 Special Corrections
- 63 6.5.3.5.6 Outlier Rejection
- 64 6.5.3.5.7 Output Format
- 65 6.5.3.6 Changing the Output Format from Data Reduction
- 66 6.5.3.7 Absorption Correction
- 74 6.5.3.8 GRAL - Space Group Determination
- 80 6.5.3.9 Structure Solution and Refinement
- 80 6.5.4 Ewald explorer
- 86 6.5.5 Dc Movie - Replay of Data Collection Movie
- 87 6.5.6 Reconstruction of Precession Photographs
- 91 6.5.7 Dc opti - Optimisation of Data Collection Strategy
- 96 6.5.8 Indexing and Data Reduction of Incommensurate Samples
- 97 6.5.9 Indexing and Data Reduction of Twinned Samples
- 99 6.5.10 Extracting Data from Powder Samples
- 100 6.5.11 Refining of Machine Parameter File
- 103 6.5.12 Glossary of CrysAlis Commands
- 110 6.6 Normal Shutdown
- 110 6.7 Emergency Shutdown
- 111 6.7.1 Emergency Shutdown Procedure
- 112 7. Mechanical Changeover of Detectors and X-ray Sources
- 112 7.1 Interchange of CCD Detectors
- 112 7.1.1 Installation of a Sapphire 2 and Sapphire 3 CCD detectors
- 113 7.1.2 Removal of a Sapphire 2 and Sapphire 3 CCD detectors
- 113 7.1.3 Installation of the Onyx CCD camera
- 116 7.1.4 Removal of the Onyx CCD camera
- 117 7.2 Procedure for Interchange of the Molybednum and Copper Enhance X-ray Source
- 121 8. Maintenance Schedules
- 121 8.1 Introduction
- 121 8.2 Weekly Maintenance Schedule
- 121 8.3 Monthly Maintenance Schedule
- 122 8.4 Six Monthly Maintenance Schedule
- 122 8.5 Yearly Maintenance Schedule
- 123 8.6 10,000 Hours Maintenance Schedule
- 124 9. Maintenance Instructions
- 124 9.1 Special Tools
- 124 9.2 Refining the Machine Parameter File
- 125 9.3 Changing the X-ray Tube of Enhance
- 126 9.4 Changing the X-ray Tube of Enhance ULTRA
- 128 9.5 X-ray Beam Stop Alignment
- 129 9.6 Changing the Collimator of Enhance
- 130 9.7 Changing the Collimator of Enhance Ultra
- 130 9.8 Aligning the X-ray Collimator of Enhance
- 130 9.9 Aligning the Enhance X-ray Source
- 133 9.10 Aligning the Enhance Ultra X-ray Source
- 133 9.10.1 X-ray Beam Alignment of Enhance Ultra
- 135 9.10.2 Optic Alignment of Enhance Ultra
- 136 9.10.3 Collimator Alignment of Enhance Ultra
- 136 9.10.4 Aligning the beam to the centre of the goniometer – Enhance Ultra
- 137 9.11 Checking the Door Safety Interlocks
- 137 9.12 Checking the Emergency stop
- 138 9.13 Checking the X-ray Radiation Levels
- 138 9.14 CCD Detector – Pumping Out Vacuum
- 140 9.15 Dismantling Xcalibur
- 143 10. Trouble Shooting
- 146 11. Spares
- 148 12. Disposal Instructions
- 148 12.1 X-ray Tube and CCD Detector
- 148 12.2 Third Party Equipment
- 149 13. Additional Information
- 149 13.1 Third Party Information
- 150 13.2 Drawings
- 150 13.2.1 Mechanical Drawings
- 150 Xcalibur Suggested Layout
- 150 System and Component Dimensions
- 152 13.2.2 Electrical Drawings
- 154 14. CE Conformity notice
- 155 Appendices
- 155 Appendix 1 X-ray Tubes Wave Lengths
- 155 Appendix 2 Standard Crystal Parameters
- 155 Appendix 3 Temperature Scales Conversion
- 155 Appendix 4 Maintenance Records
- 160 Appendix 5 Example of Local Rules for the Xcalibur System Set Up at Oxford Diffraction