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General Information
About This instruction Manual
Please read the safety instructions in this manual carefully. To avoid damage to the unit and the risk of injury, only use this product as described in the manual. Keep the instruction manual handy so that you can easily look up information on all the functions.
CAREFUL!
You will fi nd this symbol before every section of text that deals with the risk of minor to severe injuries resulting from improper use.
Intended Use
This product is intended only for private use.
It was developed for magnifi ed viewing of natural and man-made objects.
General Warning
DANGER!
Tools with sharp edges and points are often used when working with this device. Because there is a risk of injury from such tools, store this device and all tools and accessories in a location that is out of the reach of children.
DANGER!
This device contains electronic components which operate via a power source
(power supply and/or batteries). Only use the device as described in the manual, otherwise you run the risk of an electric shock.
DANGER!
Do not expose the device to high temperatures. Use only the supplied power supply or the recommended batteries. Do not short-circuit the device or batteries or throw them into a fi re! Excessive heat or improper handling could trigger a short-circuit, a fi re or an explosion. Never bend, pinch or pull the power and connecting cables, extensions and adapters. Protect the cables from sharp edges and heat. Before operating, check the device, cables and connections for damage. Never use a damaged unit or a unit with damaged power cables.
Damaged parts must be exchanged immediately by an authorised service centre.
DANGER!
Children should only use the device under adult supervision. Keep packaging material, like plastic bags and rubber bands, out of the reach of children, as they pose a risk of choking.
CAREFUL!
Children must not have access to the included chemicals and liquids. Do not drink the chemicals. Wash hands thoroughly with running water after using the chemicals. In the event that the chemicals come into contact with your eyes or mouth, rinse thoroughly with water. If you are in pain after exposure, contact a doctor immediately and show him the substances.
NOTE!
Do not disassemble the device. In the event of a defect, please contact your dealer. The dealer will contact the Service Centre and can send the device in to be repaired, if necessary.
Do not expose the device to temperatures above 45 °C.
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Operating instructions
Parts overview:
B
10X WF eyepiece
C
16X WF eyepiece
D
Barlow lens 2X
E
Eyepiece holder
F
Microscope head
G
Objective revolver
H
Microscope stage
I
Focus wheel
J
LED lighting (transmitted light)
1)
Electricity supply
1!
Microscope base
1@
Main plug
1#
5 slides, 10 covering glasses and 5 preparations in a plastic box
1$
Matted lens
1%
Condenser lens
1^
Locking screw
1&
Colour fi lter disc
1*
LED lighting (refl ected light)
1(
Direct light/transmitted light switch
2)
Microscope tools: a) pipette; b) tweezers
2!
Hatchery
2@
MicroCut
2#
Specimens: a) yeast; b) gum media (specimen inclusion medium); c) sea salt; d) brine shrimp eggs
1. General/Location
Make sure you position your microscope on a stable, solid surface.
An electricity supply is required for observation with the electric illuminator.
Position your device so that it can be disconnected from the power supply at any time. The wall you use socket should be located near the device and easily accessible, since the plug on the power cord serves as a disconnecting device for the power supply. Always pull on the plug to separate the device from the power supply. Never pull on the cord.
2. Electric LED lighting with dimmer
Before use, make sure the light switch (19) is set to 'off'.
The microscope has two light sources. Lighting can be of three types. Set the switch (19) to 'II' to light the specimen from above (refl ected light) or 'I' to light it from below (transmitted light). Use setting 'III' to light the specimen simultaneously by transmitted and refl ected light. The transmitted light unit (9) is used for transparent specimens (those on glass slides). To view solid, non-transparent specimens, use the refl ected light unit (18). Use of both forms of lighting simultaneously is only recommended for semitransparent specimens. This operating mode is not recommended for transmitted light specimens on slides as it may cause refl ection on the slide.
To operate the supplied main power pack (12), fi rst connect it to the microscope and then to a power socket (220-230V). Use the switch (19) to select the desired lighting mode.
3. Colour fi lter disc
The colour fi lter (17) under the microscope table (7) aids in viewing very bright and transparent objects. Just select the right colour for the specimen in question. The components of colourless or transparent objects (e.g. starch particles, single-cell specimens) can thus be better recognised.
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4. Interchangeable illumination lenses
Your microscope comes with two illumination lenses (14 and 15). Depending on the object to be viewed, the proper lens should be attached to the LED illumination
(9). The ground glass, or matted lens (14) is already mounted on the lighting unit.
To change the lenses, simply screw one off and the other on by turning the upper part of the transmitted light unit (9) (see also page 11).
An overview of lens purposes:
The matted lens (14) should be used for
• viewing extremely small items with the eyepieces (1 and 2) and the Barlow lens
(3).
The condenser lens (15) should be used for
• viewing standard items with the eyepieces (1 and 2) and the Barlow lens (3).
5. Microscope setup
The microscope head (5) will now be prepared for your fi rst observation.
First, loosen the screw (16) and rotate the head into a convenient position.
Begin every observation with the lowest magnifi cation.
Place the microscope’s table (7) with the focus knob (8) into the lowest position and rotate the objective revolver (6) until it locks on the lowest magnifi cation (4X).
6. Observation
After you have set up the microscope with the proper illumination, the following principles are important:
Begin each observation at the lowest magnifi cation, so that the centre and position of the object to be viewed is in focus. The higher the magnifi cation, the more light is required for good picture quality.
Place a permanent slide culture directly under the microscope lens on the plate (7).
The specimen to be examined must be directly over the lighting.
Look through the eyepiece (1 and 2) and carefully turn the focus wheel (8) until you can see a sharp picture.
Now you can progress to a higher magnifi cation. Slowly pull the Barlow lens (No.
2, 3) out of the monocular barrel (No. 2, 4). When the Barlow lens is nearly entirely pulled out, the magnifi cation is raised to 2X.
For even higher magnifi cation, you can put the 16X eyepiece (2) into the objective revolver (6) and rotate the objective revolver to a higher magnifi cation (10X or
40X).
NOTE:
Make sure to place the microscope's table (7) in its lowest position before changing the objective in order to prevent damage to the microscope.
Insert the 10X eyepiece (No. 1, 1) in the Barlow lens (No. 1, 3).
Take care that the Barlow lens is inserted completely into the monocular head (No.
1, 4).
i
TIP:
Depending on the preparation, higher magnifi cations do not always lead to better pictures.
When changing the magnifi cation of your microscope by changing or adjusting the eyepiece, objective lens or Barlow lens, you must readjust the focus wheel (8) to sharpen the image.
NOTE:
Please be very careful when doing this. If you move the mechanical plate upward too fast, the objective lens and the slide can touch and become damaged.
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7. Condition and prepare viewed objects
Place the slices on a glass slide and cover them with another slide before attempting to view them with the microscope.
7.1. Condition
With the Barlow lens nearly fully extended, your microscope's magnifi cation can be doubled. Both transparent and non-transparent specimens can be examined with this microscope, which features both direct and transmitted light. If opaque specimens are being examined, such as small animals, plant parts, tissues, stones and the like, the light is refl ected from the specimen, through the lens and eyepiece, where it is magnifi ed, to the eye (refl ected light principle, switch position
I). If opaque specimens are being examined, the light from below goes through the specimen, lens and eyepiece to the eye and is magnifi ed en route (direct light principle, switch position II).
Some small water organisms, plant parts and animal components are transparent by nature, but many others require pretreatment — that is, you need to make a thinnest possible slice of the object by hand cutting or using a microtome, and then examine this sample.
7.3. Creation of your own preparation
Put the object to be observed on a glass slide and cover the object with a drop of distilled water (No. 3) using the pipette (No. 3, 20a).
Set a cover glass (available at a well-stocked hobby shop) perpendicular to the edge of the water drop, so that the water runs along the edge of the cover glass
(No. 4). Now lower now the cover glass slowly over the water drop.
i
TIP:
The gum medium (23b) supplied is used to make permanent slide cultures. Add it instead of distilled water.
The gum medium hardens so that the specimen is permanently affi xed to its slide.
8. Experiments
7.2. Creation of thin preparation cuts
Specimens should be sliced as thin as possible. A little wax or paraffi n is needed to achieve the best results. Put the wax into a heat-safe bowl and heat it over a fl ame until the wax is melted. You can use a candle fl ame to melt the wax.
Now that you're familiar with your microscope's functions and how to prepare slides, you can complete the following experiments and observe the results under your microscope.
8.1. Newspaper print
DANGER!
Be exremely carfeful when dealing with hot wax, as there is a danger of being burned.
Then, dip the specimen several times in the liquid wax. Allow the wax that encases the specimen to harden. Use a MicroCut (22) or other small knife or scalpel to make very thin slices of the object in its wax casing.
DANGER!
Be extremely careful when using the MicroCut, knife or scalpel.
These instruments are very sharp and pose a risk of injury.
Objects:
1. A small piece of paper from a newspaper with parts of a picture and some letters
2. A similar piece of paper from an illustrated magazine:
Use your microscope at the lowest magnifi cation and make a slide preparation from each object. Place the slide with the newspaper on the microscope table and observe the slide. The letters in the newspaper appear broken because the newspaper is printed on raw, inferior paper. Now observe the slide with the magazine preparation. Letters of the magazine appear smoother and more complete. The
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picture from the newspaper consists of many small points, which appear somewhat dirty. The pixels (raster points) of the magazine image appear sharper.
8.2. Textile fi bres
Objects and accessories:
1. Threads of different textiles: Cotton, linen, wool, silk, Celanese, nylon and any others you can fi nd.
2. Two needles:
Put each thread on a glass slide and fray each with the help of the two needles. Put a drop of water over each thread with the pipette and cover each with a cover glass.
Adjust the microscope to a low magnifi cation. Cotton fi bres are of plant origin and look, under the microscope, like a fl at, twisted band. The fi bres are thicker and rounder at the edges than in the centre. Cotton fi bres consist primarily of long, collapsed tubes. Linen fi bres are also of plant origin; they are round and run in straight lines. The fi bres shine like silk and exhibit numerous swellings along the shaft of the fi bre. Silk is of animal origin and consists of solid fi bres of smaller diameter than the hollow vegetable fi bres. Each silk fi bre is smooth and even and has the appearance of a small glass rod. Wool fi bres are also of animal origin; the surface consists of overlapping scales, which appear broken and wavy. If possible, compare wool fi bres from different weaving mills, and note the differences in the appearance of the fi bres. Experts can determine the country of origin of wool based on its appearance under a microscope. Celanese is artifi cially manufactured by a long chemical process. All Celanese fi bres show hard, dark lines on a smooth, shining surface.
The fi bres crinkle in the same way after drying. Observe the similarities and differences between the different fi bres.
8.3. Saltwater brine shrimps
Accessories:
1. Brine shrimp eggs (23d)
2. Sea salt (23c)
3. Hatchery (21)
4. Yeast (23a)
CAREFUL!
These eggs are not fit for human consumption.
8.3.1. Winter eggs of Artemia salina
Artemia salina are species of brine shrimp typically found in salt lakes — bodies of water with a higher salinity than even the ocean. During a drought, a salt lake can become a hostile habitat for organisms, and entire populations of Artemia salina sometimes die off. During drought conditions, to ensure that the species will repopulate the salt lake when the drought ends, Artemia salina lay thick-shelled eggs called winter eggs that can survive for up to ten years in a dormant state. Winter eggs can withstand heat, cold and chemicals. These eggs hatch when favourable conditions return to their ambient environment. The eggs provided (23d) are of this type.
8.3.2. Hatching winter eggs
To hatch the brine shrimps, create a solution with an appropriate salinity and temperature. First, fi ll two containers with a half litre of freshwater each, and let them both stand for about thirty hours. Next, pour half of the provided salt (23c) into one container and stir the solution until the salt dissolves. Pour some of this solution into the hatchery (21). Place a few eggs close to the lid. Position the hatchery somewhere with plenty of light but not in direct sunlight. The ambient temperature should ideally hover around 25 °C. As water in the hatchery evaporates, gradually add freshwater from the second container. After two to three days, the eggs will hatch brine shrimp larvae, called nauplii.
8.3.3. Observing Artemia salina under a microscope
Using the pipette (20a), move some larvae from the container to a microscope slide for examination. When viewing the larvae, you’ll notice that they swim through the solution using hairlike limbs! Each day, examine a few more. You can even view the entire hatchery under the microscope if you remove its lid. The larvae will mature in six to ten weeks, depending on the temperature of the water. Soon, you will have an entire generation of saltwater brine shrimps that reproduce frequently!
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8.3.4. Feeding your Artemia salina
Feed your brine shrimps often to keep them alive. The best food is dry powdered yeast (23a). Give them some every other day. Be careful not to overfeed them, as doing so can cause the water to stagnate and poison the brine shrimps. If the water does begin to stagnate (you’ll see it darkening), transfer the brine shrimps to the fresh saline solution you have prepared earlier (see 8.3.2).
Care and maintenance
Before cleaning, separate the device from the power supply by removing the plug.
Only use a dry cloth to clean the exterior of the device.
Magnifi cation table
Eyepiece Objective Magnifi cation with Barlow lens
10X
10X
4X
10X
40X
100X
80X
200X
10X
16X
40X
4X
400X
64X
800X
128X
16X 10X 160X 320X
16X 40X 640X 1280X
Disposal
NOTE:
Do not use any cleaning fl uid to avoid damaging the electronics.
Clean the lenses eyepieces and lenses only with a soft, lint-free cloth, like a microfi bre cloth.
NOTE:
Do not apply excess pressure to the cloth so as to avoid scratching the lenses.
To remove more stubborn dirt, moisten the cleaning cloth with an eyeglass-cleaning solution and wipe the lenses gently. Protect the device from dust and moisture.
After use, particularly in high humidity, let the device acclimatize for a short period of time, so that the residual moisture can dissipate before storing.
Troubleshooting
Problem Solution
No picture visible • Switch light on.
• Put condenser lens in place.
• Adjust focus.
Dispose of the packaging materials properly, according to their type, such as paper or cardboard. Contact your local waste-disposal service or environmental authority for information on the proper disposal.
Do not dispose of electronic devices in the household garbage.
As per the Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament on waste electrical and electronic equipment and its adaptation into German law, used electronic devices must be collected separately and recycled in an environmentally friendly manner.
Empty old batteries must be disposed of at battery collection points by the consumer. You can fi nd out more information about the disposal of devices or batteries produced after 1 June 2006 from your local waste disposal service or environmental authority.
Declaration of Conformity
Product Type:
Product Name:
Article No.:
Microscope
Microscope 40X-1280X
90-39000
Meade Instruments Europe GmbH & Co. KG has issued a 'Declaration of Conformity' in accordance with applicable guidelines and corresponding standards. This can be viewed any time upon request.
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