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• Fixed Assets Overview
Chapter 19 – Fixed Assets
Accounting Periods
You create a calendar the system uses to calculate depreciation. This calendar is an ever-expanding set of years, since assets can be very long-lived.
Over time, you can prevent changes in earlier periods in two ways:
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You can freeze a period so that no one can make changes that affect that period's values. This does not affect processing speed. It just prevents changes in periods that should not change.
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You can close periods at a certain point to speed up calculations. The system calculates and stores balances per asset up that point in time, so that it does not have to recalculate older depreciation amounts. You can reopen and then close periods if you need to.
Both these features are optional. If you have relatively few assets, and processing time is not onerous, you can leave the periods open and unfrozen.
Once you freeze or close a period, the system prevents you from making changes that would affect depreciation values in those periods. For example, you cannot create an asset with a purchase date that is within a frozen or closed period.
Grouping Assets
You have various ways of grouping assets. Some of these are fields in the asset record itself, and others are separate database records.
Multiple Units
You can group multiple assets that depreciate identically into one asset record. For example, if you purchase five identical desks, you can create one asset for these. This simplifies the asset register considerably.
You retain full flexibility with multiple assets. You can sell or dispose of one or more units, and you can split the asset into one or more separate assets at any time. You do this, for example, if you wish to transfer some of the assets to another cost centre or location.
Master and Sub Assets
Another way to group assets is by means of sub assets. One good use of sub assets is to add improvements to an existing asset. For example, you purchase a computer and set it up as an asset.
Later, you add an additional disk drive to the computer. You can create a separate asset for the disk drive, but then it becomes difficult to manage which disk drive is in which computer. Instead, you can create the disk drive as a sub asset of the computer asset.
Another example, staying in the computer realm, is to create the initial computer using sub assets. You can create each element of the computer such as the disk drive, memory, and monitor, as sub assets to the main computer asset. This increases your level of control of each computer – your asset listing shows the amount of memory, hard disk size, and monitor type.
A final example is if you split an asset, or sell or scrap a portion of an asset, such as 10 desks that you create using the multiple units feature. These processes all involve the creation of separate assets. By linking these to the original asset, you can easily view the history of the asset over time in the company.
Master and sub assets are normal assets in their own right. The only difference is that you link a sub asset to a master asset. You can link as many sub assets to a master asset as you like.
Asset type
You link each asset to an asset type. The asset type contains the book and tax depreciation methods for the asset. The asset type also contains general ledger information. The asset type is a compulsory code.
Cost Centre
This is an analysis code. You can optionally choose to use this code for general ledger expenses. If you do, its use is compulsory, otherwise it is optional.