2-5. Driving information
CAUTION
■ When you secure cargo with the deck rails
● Spread out tie-down/support locations evenly along the length of the rails.
● Do not exceed a total tensile load of 440 lb. (200 kg) per deck rail.
● To prevent luggage or cargo from sliding forward during braking, make sure the deck rail accessories such as storage box are securely attached on the deck rails.
2
Capacity and distribution
Cargo capacity depends on the total weight of the occupants.
(Cargo capacity) = (Total load capacity)
(Total weight of occupants)
Steps for Determining Correct Load Limit—
(1) Locate the statement “The combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs.” on your vehicle’s placard.
(2) Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers that will be riding in your vehicle.
(3) Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from
XXX kg or XXX lbs.
(4) The resulting figure equals the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity.
For example, if the “XXX” amount equals 1400 lbs. and there will be five 150 lb passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage load capacity is 650 lbs. (1400
750 (5 150)
= 650 lbs.)
(5) Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity calculated in Step 4.
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2-5. Driving information
(6) If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult this manual to determine how this reduces the available cargo and luggage load capacity of your vehicle.
Calculation formula for your vehicle
Cargo capacity
Total load capacity (vehicle capacity weight) (
P. 518)
204
When 2 people with the combined weight of A lb. (kg) are riding in your vehicle, which has a total load capacity (vehicle capacity weight) of B lb. (kg), the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity will be C lb. (kg) as follows:
B * 2
lb. (kg)
A * 1
lb. (kg) = C * 3
lb. (kg)
* 1
: A = Weight of people
* 2
: B = Total load capacity
* 3
: C = Available cargo and luggage load
In this condition, if 3 more passengers with the combined weight of D lb. (kg) get on, the available cargo and luggage load will be reduced E lb. (kg) as follows:
C lb. (kg)
D * 4
lb. (kg) = E * 5
lb. (kg)
* 4
: D = Additional weight of people
* 5
: E = Available cargo and luggage load
2-5. Driving information
As shown in the above example, if the number of occupants increases, the cargo and luggage load will be reduced by an amount that equals the increased weight due to the additional occupants. In other words, if an increase in the number of occupants causes an excess of the total load capacity (combined weight of occupants plus cargo and luggage load), you must reduce the cargo and luggage on your vehicle.
CAUTION
■ Things that must not be carried in the luggage compartment
The following things may cause a fire if loaded in the luggage compartment.
● Receptacles containing gasoline
● Aerosol cans
■ Storage precautions
Observe the following precautions.
Failing to do so may result in death or serious injury.
● Do not stack anything behind the front seats higher than the seatbacks.
Such items may be thrown about and possibly injure people in the vehicle during sudden braking or in an accident.
● Do not place cargo or luggage in or on the following locations as the item may get under the clutch, brake or accelerator pedal and prevent the pedals from being depressed properly, block the driver’s vision, or hit the driver or passengers, causing an accident.
• Driver’s feet
• Front passenger or rear seats (when stacking items)
• Instrument panel
• Dashboard
• Auxiliary box or tray that has no lid
● Secure all items in the occupant compartment, as they may shift and injure someone during sudden braking, sudden swerving or an accident.
2
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2-5. Driving information
CAUTION
■ Storage precautions
● Never allow anyone to ride in the rear deck. It is not designed for passengers. They should ride in their seats with their seat belts properly fastened. Otherwise, they are much more likely to suffer death or serious bodily injury, in the event of sudden braking, sudden swerving or an accident.
■ Capacity and distribution
● Do not exceed the maximum axle weight rating or the total vehicle weight rating.
● Even if the total load of occupant’s weight and the cargo load is less than the total load capacity, do not apply the load unevenly. Improper loading may cause deterioration of steering or braking control which may cause death or serious injury.
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2-5. Driving information
Vehicle load limits
Vehicle load limits include total load capacity, seating capacity,
TWR (Trailer Weight Rating) and cargo capacity.
■
Total load capacity (vehicle capacity weight): (
P. 518)
Total load capacity means the combined weight of occupants, cargo and luggage.
■
Seating capacity:
Access Cab models
2 or 4 occupants (Front 2, Rear 0 or 2)
Double Cab models
5 occupants (Front 2, Rear 3)
Seating capacity means the maximum number of occupants whose estimated average weight is 150 lb. (68 kg) per person.
Even if the number of occupants are within the seating capacity, do not exceed the total load capacity.
■
TWR (Trailer Weight Rating): (
P. 218, 519)
TWR means the maximum gross trailer weight (trailer weight plus its cargo weight) that your vehicle is able to tow.
■
Cargo capacity
Cargo capacity may increase or decrease depending on the weight and the number of occupants.
2
■ Total load capacity and seating capacity
These details are also described on the tire and loading information label. (
P. 431)
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2-5. Driving information
CAUTION
■ Overloading the vehicle
Do not overload the vehicle.
It may not only cause damage to the tires, but also degrade steering and braking ability, resulting in an accident.
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2-5. Driving information
Winter driving tips
Carry out the necessary preparations and inspections before driving the vehicle in winter. Always drive the vehicle in a manner appropriate to the prevailing weather conditions.
■
Pre-winter preparations
● Use fluids that are appropriate to the prevailing outside temperatures.
• Engine oil
• Engine coolant
• Washer fluid
● Have a service technician inspect the level and specific gravity of battery electrolyte.
● Have the vehicle fitted with four snow tires or purchase a set of tire chains for the rear tires.
Ensure that all tires are the same size and brand, and that chains match the size of the tires.
■ Before driving the vehicle
Perform the following according to the driving conditions.
● Do not try to forcibly open a window, scrape an outside rear view mirror surface or move a wiper or outside rear view mirror that is frozen. Pour warm water over the frozen area to melt the ice. Wipe away the water immediately to prevent it from freezing.
● To ensure proper operation of the climate control system fan, remove any snow that has accumulated on the air inlet vents in front of the windshield.
● Remove any ice that has accumulated on the vehicle chassis.
● Periodically check for and remove any excess ice or snow that may have accumulated in the wheel well or on the brakes.
2
209
2-5. Driving information
■
When driving the vehicle
Accelerate the vehicle slowly and drive at a reduced speed suitable to road conditions.
■
When parking the vehicle
Park the vehicle and move the shift lever to P (automatic transmission) or 1 or R (manual transmission) without setting the parking brake. The parking brake may freeze up, preventing it from being released. If necessary, block the wheels to prevent inadvertent sliding or creeping.
Selecting tire chains
Use the correct tire chain size when mounting the snow chains.
Chain size is regulated for each tire size.
Side chain
0.2 in. (5 mm) in diameter
Cross chain
0.25 in. (6.3 mm) in diameter
Regulations on the use of snow chains
● Regulations regarding the use of tire chains vary according to location and type of road. Always check local regulations before installing chains.
● Install the chains on the rear tires.
● Retighten the chains after driving 1/4 - 1/2 mile (0.5 - 1.0 km).
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2-5. Driving information
■ Snow chain installation
Observe the following precautions when installing and removing chains.
● Install and remove tire chains in a safe location.
● Install tire chains on the rear tires only. Do not install tire chains on the front tires.
● Install tire chains following the instructions provided in the accompanying instructions.
2
CAUTION
■ Driving with snow tires
Observe the following precautions to reduce the risk of accidents.
Failing to do so may result in a loss of vehicle control and cause death or serious injury.
● Use tires of the size specified for your vehicle.
● Maintain the recommended level of air pressure.
● Do not drive in excess of 75 mph (120 km/h) regardless of the type of snow tires being used.
● Snow tires should be installed on all wheels.
● 4WD models:
Do not mix tires of different makes, models, tread patterns or treadwear.
■ Driving with snow chains
Observe the following precautions to reduce the risk of accidents.
Failing to do so may result in the vehicle being unable to be driven safely, and may cause death or serious injury.
● Do not drive in excess of the speed limit specified for the tire chains being used or 30 mph (50 km/h), whichever is lower.
● Avoid driving on bumpy road surfaces or over potholes.
● Avoid sudden turns and braking.
● Slow down sufficiently before entering a curve to ensure that vehicle control is maintained.
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2-5. Driving information
CAUTION
■ When parking the vehicle
Always use wheel blocks when parking without the parking brake. Failure to do so may allow the vehicle to move, resulting in an accident.
NOTICE
■ Repairing or replacing snow tires
Request repairs of and obtain replacement snow tires from Toyota dealers or legitimate tire retailers.
This is because the removal and attachment of snow tires affects the operation of the tire pressure warning valves and transmitters.
■ Fitting tire chains
The tire pressure warning valves and transmitters may not function correctly when tire chains are fitted.
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2-5. Driving information
Trailer towing
Your vehicle is designed primarily as a passenger-and-load-carrying vehicle. Towing a trailer can have an adverse impact on handling, performance, braking, durability, and fuel consumption. For your safety and the safety of others, you must not overload your vehicle or trailer. You must also ensure that you are using appropriate towing equipment, that the towing equipment has been installed correctly and used properly, and that you employ the requisite driving habits.
Vehicle-trailer stability and braking performance are affected by trailer stability, brake performance and setting, trailer brakes, the hitch and hitch systems (if equipped).
To tow a trailer safely, use extreme care and drive the vehicle in accordance with your trailer’s characteristics and operating conditions.
Toyota warranties do not apply to damage or malfunction caused by towing a trailer for commercial purposes.
Contact your Toyota dealer for further information about additional requirements such as towing kits, etc.
2
213
2-5. Driving information
Towing related terms
■ GCWR (Gross Combination Weight Rating)
The maximum allowable gross combination weight. The gross combination weight is the sum of the total vehicle weight (including the occupants, cargo and any optional equipment installed on the vehicle) and the weight of the trailer being towed (including the cargo in the trailer).
■ GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating)
The maximum allowable gross vehicle weight. The gross vehicle weight is the total weight of the vehicle. When towing a trailer, it is the sum of the vehicle weight
(including the occupants, cargo and any optional equipment installed on the vehicle) and the tongue weight.
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2-5. Driving information
■
GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating)
Front GAWR
The maximum allowable gross axle weight. The gross axle weight is the load placed on each axle (front and rear).
Rear GAWR
2
■
TWR (Trailer Weight Rating)
(With brakes)
The maximum allowable gross trailer weight. The gross trailer weight is the sum of the trailer weight and the weight of the cargo in the trailer.
TWR is calculated assuming base vehicle with one driver, one front passenger, towing package
(if available), hitch and hitch systems (if required).
Additional optional equipment, passengers and cargo in the vehicle will reduce the trailer weight rating so as not to exceed
GCWR, GVWR and GAWR.
If the gross trailer weight exceeds
3000 lb. (1360 kg), it is recommended to use a trailer with 2 or more axles.
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2-5. Driving information
■
Unbraked TWR (Unbraked Trailer Weight Rating)
(Without brakes)
The trailer weight rating for towing a trailer without a trailer service brake system.
■
Tongue Weight
The load placed on the trailer hitch ball. (
P. 221)
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2-5. Driving information
Weight limits
● The gross trailer weight must never exceed the TWR described in the table. (
P. 218, 519)
● The gross combination weight must never exceed the GCWR described in the table. (
P. 218)
Access Cab models
● The gross vehicle weight must never exceed the GVWR indicated on the Certification
Label.
● The gross axle weight on each axle must never exceed the
GAWR indicated on the Certification Label.
Double Cab models
2
● If the gross trailer weight is over the unbraked TWR, trailer service brakes are required.
● If the gross trailer weight is over 2000 lb. (905 kg), a sway control device with sufficient capacity is required.
● If the gross trailer weight is over 5000 lb. (2265 kg), a weight distributing hitch with sufficient capacity is required.
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2-5. Driving information
GCWR, TWR, Unbraked TWR, Fifth wheel and Gooseneck towing TWR
Confirm that the gross trailer weight, gross combination weight, gross vehicle weight, gross axle weight and tongue weight are all within the limits.
■
GCWR * and TWR *
Access Cab models
Model code
* 1
Engine
Driving system
GCWR TWR
TRN225L-
CRMDKA
TRN225L-
CRPDKA
TRN245L-
CRMDKA
TRN245L-
CRPDKA
TRN265L-
CRPDKA
GRN225L-
CRFDKA
GRN245L-
CRADKA
GRN245L-
CRFDKA
GRN265L-
CRADKA
2.7 L
4-cylinder
(2TR-FE) engine
4.0 L V6
(1GR-FE) engine
2WD
4WD
2WD
4WD
2WD
7440 lb.
(3370 kg)
7470 lb.
(3385 kg)
7860 lb.
(3565 kg)
7880 lb.
(3570 kg)
7640 lb.
(3465 kg)
7460 lb.
(3380 kg)
7970 lb.
(3615 kg)
(4925 kg)
* 2
11100 lb.
(5030 kg)
7930 lb.
(3595 kg)
* 3
* 2
11070 lb.
(5020 kg)
* 3
7730 lb.
(3505 kg) * 2
10860 lb.
* 3
3500 lb.
(1585 kg)
3300 lb.
(1495 kg)
3500 lb.
(1585 kg)
* 2
6500 lb.
(2945 kg) * 3
3500 lb.
(1585 kg)
* 2
6500 lb.
(2945 kg)
* 3
3500 lb.
(1585 kg) * 2
6500 lb.
(2945 kg)
* 3
218
* : These models meet the tow-vehicle trailering requirement of SAE
International per SAE J2807.
2-5. Driving information
Double Cab models
Model code
TRN225L-
PRPDKA
TRN265L-
PRPDKA
GRN245L-
PRADKA
GRN245L-
PRFDKA
GRN250L-
PRADKA
* 1
Engine
2.7 L
4-cylinder
(2TR-FE) engine
4.0 L V6
(1GR-FE) engine
Driving system
2WD
4WD
GCWR
7450 lb.
(3375 kg)
7720 lb.
(3500 kg)
8050 lb.
(3650 kg)
* 2
11180 lb.
(5070 kg)
* 3
8020 lb.
(3635 kg)
* 2
11160 lb.
(5060 kg) * 3
8010 lb.
(3630 kg)
* 2
10960 lb.
(4970 kg)
* 3
TWR
3400 lb.
(1540 kg)
3500 lb.
(1585 kg)
3500 lb.
(1585 kg)
* 2
6500 lb.
(2945 kg)
* 3
3500 lb.
(1585 kg)
* 2
6500 lb.
(2945 kg) * 3
3400 lb.
(1540 kg)
* 2
6200 lb.
(2810 kg)
* 3
2
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2-5. Driving information
Model code
* 1
Engine
Driving system
GCWR TWR
GRN265L-
PRADKA
GRN270L-
PRADKA
4.0 L V6
(1GR-FE) engine
2WD
7810 lb.
(3540 kg)
* 2
10950 lb.
(4965 kg) * 3
7900 lb.
(3580 kg)
* 2
11030 lb.
(5000 kg)
* 3
3500 lb.
(1585 kg)
* 2
6500 lb.
(2945 kg) * 3
3500 lb.
(1585 kg)
* 2
6500 lb.
(2945 kg)
* 3
* 1
: The model code is indicated on the Certification Label. (
P. 217
521)
* 2
: Without towing package
* 3
: With towing package
■
Unbraked TWR *
1000 lb. (450 kg)
■
Fifth wheel and gooseneck towing TWR *
Toyota does not recommend fifth wheel and gooseneck towing.
220
*
: These models meet the tow-vehicle trailering requirement of SAE
International per SAE J2807.
2-5. Driving information
Trailer Tongue Weight
● A recommended tongue weight varies in accordance with the types of trailers or towing as described below.
● To ensure the recommended values shown below, the trailer must be loaded by referring to the following instructions.
• Tongue Weight
The gross trailer weight should be distributed so that the tongue weight is 9% to 11%. (Tongue weight /Gross trailer weight x 100
= 9% to 11%)
Gross trailer weight
Tongue weight
2
If using a weight distributing hitch when towing, return the front axle to the same weight as before the trailer connection.
If front axle weight cannot be measured directly, measure the front fender height above the front axle before connection.
Adjust weight distributing hitch torque until front fender is returned to the same height as before connection.
The gross trailer weight, gross axle weight and tongue weight can be measured with platform scales found at a highway weighing station, building supply company, trucking company, junk yard, etc.
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2-5. Driving information
Hitch
Trailer hitch assemblies have different weight capacities. Toyota recommends the use of Toyota hitch/bracket for your vehicle. For details, contact your Toyota dealer.
● If you wish to install a trailer hitch, contact your Toyota dealer.
● Use only a hitch that conforms to the gross trailer weight requirement of your vehicle.
● Follow the directions supplied by the hitch manufacturer.
● Lubricate the hitch ball with a light coating of grease.
● Remove the trailer hitch whenever you are not towing a trailer.
After removing the hitch, seal any mounting hole in the vehicle body to prevent entry of any substances into the vehicle.
Bumper towing (vehicles with steel bumper only)
The rear bumper of your vehicle is equipped with a hole to install a trailer ball. If you have any questions, contact your Toyota dealer.
The gross trailer weight (trailer weight plus cargo weight) when towing with the bumper must never exceed the TWR (
P. 218,
519) or 3500 lb. (1585 kg) which-
ever is lower.
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