Glossary. Sony DSR-40/40P, DSR-40, DSR-40P

Glossary

A/B roll editing

An editing method that uses two or more playback VCRs to create special effects such as dissolve and wipe, and uses one record VCR to record the results of the editing. Using an editing controller allows efficient control of the VCRs and very precise editing.

Audio recording mode

In the DVCAM format, the sound is recorded in either 16bit (Fs48k) or 12bit

(Fs32k) mode.

B–Y signal

A chrominance signal determined by subtracting the Y (luminance) signal from the B (blue) signal. One of the component signals.

Chrominance signal

Color signal containing color information such as hue and saturation. Also called C signal.

Component signal

A video signal consisting of a luminance signal (Y) and two chrominance signals

(R–Y, B–Y).

Composite signal

A composite video signal containing video, burst and sync signals.

Condensation

Condensation of moisture on the tape transport mechanisms of VCRs including the head drum. If moisture condenses on the head drum, the tape adheres to the drum and causes malfunction.

Drop frame mode

In NTSC format, the actual number of frames per second is approximately 29.97, while that for SMPTE time code is specified as 30. Drop frame mode is a mode in which time code is advanced in such a way that the difference in frame value between real time and time code is corrected. In this mode, two frames are skipped at the beginning of each minute, except for every tenth minute, so that the frame value for time code matches that for real time. See also “Non-drop frame mode”.

Editing control unit

A equipment for controlling a VCR, switcher, audio mixer, etc. in a editing system.

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Appendix

EBU

European Broadcasting Union. Established by broadcasting and related organizations in Europe.

EE mode

EE is an abbreviation of “Electric to

Electric”. Video and audio signals are supplied to the VCR’s internal circuits, but not to the recording heads.

Head drum

A metal cylinder to which a video head is attached. This drum is rotated at high speeds in synchronization with the sync signal during recording and playback.

Linear editing

Editing while playing back video and audio signals recorded on video tape. See also “Non-linear editing”.

Luminance signal

The signal that determines the brightness of the picture. Also called Y signal. One of the component signals.

Loading

When being loaded, the tape is pulled out of the cassette case and threaded along the specified tape path and wrapped round the drum to be ready for recording or playback. Generally, this is done automatically when you place the cassette at the cassette entrance of the VCR. Also called threading.

Non-drop frame mode

A mode of advancing time code in such a way that the difference in frame value between real time and time code is neglected. Using this mode produces a difference of approximately 86 seconds per day between real time and time code, which may cause problems when editing programs in units of seconds using the number of frames as a reference.

Non-linear editing

Editing while playing back video and audio signals recorded on hard disks.

Video scenes stored on disk can be cued up quickly, for increased editing efficiency. See also “Linear editing”.

PCM audio

PCM stands for “pulse code modulation”.

PCM audio means audio signals that have been processed by pulse code modulation.

Each analog audio signal is converted into pulses that are generated in rapid succession, and each pulse is recorded as a digital signal having a value of 0 or 1.

Preroll

Running of a video tape to a prior to an edit-start point to enable the tape to reach a steady speed and to be synchronized with other video tapes.

R–Y signal

A chrominance signal determined by subtracting the Y (luminance) signal from the R (red) signal. One of the component signals.

Reference video signal

A video signal consisting of a sync signal or sync and burst signals, used as a reference.

S/N

Abbreviation of Signal-to-Noise (ratio).

The higher the S/N value, the less noise and higher the picture quality.

Search mode

A VCR operating mode used when searching for specific scenes, by viewing the video output or time code values while playing back the tape at various speeds in forward or reverse direction.

Servo lock

Synchronizing the drum rotation phase and tape transport phase with a reference signal during playback and recording so that the video heads scan the tape in the same pattern during playback and recording.

SMPTE

Abbreviation of Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. Established by broadcasting and related organizations in

USA.

Standby Off mode

One of two conditions in the stop mode.

The drum does not rotate and tape is slackened. There is no damage to the video heads and the tape, but the VCR is not ready for immediate recording or playback.

Standby On mode

One of two conditions in the stop mode.

The drum is rotating and the tape is wrapped round the drum. The VCR is ready for recording or playback, so a still picture can be obtained.

Subcarrier

A sine wave imposed on the luminance portion of a video signal and modulated to carry color information. Its amplitude represents color saturation and its phase, hue.

Superimpose

To put a set of characters onto a picture so that both can be seen at the same time.

S-video

A signal format in which Y (luminance) and C (chrominance) signals are separated to reduce interference between them so that noiseless images are reproduced.

Sync signal

A reference signal consisting of vertical and horizontal sync signals used for synchronizing the scanning patterns of the video camera and the monitor.

TBC

Abbreviation of Time Base Corrector.

Electronic circuits to electrically stabilize the playback signals by removing color variation and roll in the playback picture caused by irregularity in drum rotation and tape movement. Time base correction reduces deterioration of picture quality when transmitting or copying playback signals.

Threading

See “Loading”.

Time code

Signals recorded on the tape to supply information on tape position such as the hour, minute, second and frame, to assist in setting edit points or searching for particular scenes. This VCR can cope with both DF (Drop Frame) and NDF (Non

Drop Frame).

On this VCR, the time code is recorded sequently from “00:00:00:00,” from the beginning of the tape. However, if there is a blank section on the tape, time code is reset and recorded from “00:00:00:00” again from the section just after the blank section. If the time codes are out of sequence, you may not be able to execute correct editing.

Unloading

When being unloaded, the tape is put into the cassette case from the tape path of the

VCR. Generally, this is done automatically when you press the EJECT button. Also called unthreading.

Unthreading

See “Unloading”.

12bit (Fs32k) mode

In the DVCAM format, the 12bit (Fs32k) mode separates the audio area into 2 parts.

You can record two kinds of audio, stereo

1 and stereo 2.

16bit (Fs48k) mode

In the DVCAM format, the 16bit (Fs48k) mode uses the whole audio area to record one stereo track. You can get higher sound quality.

Appendix

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